text: Around 1750, colonial raw materials poured into the British Isles, and factories began to appear. The earlier hardware with its chiseled and filed details fast gave way to less expensive, but equally functional hardware of similar but unadorned design. H and HL hinges are a good example of this transition.
  After the American Revolution machines were invented to make screws and to produce rolled iron in thin sheets. By about 1800 cheap screws were readily available. Cast iron technology had long been available – now machine-made screws allowed such hardware to be economically mounted. Butt type hinges can be seen during this "Federal" Period (1800–1830) – but they quickly fell from favor, probably because they were subject to breakage.
  A more obvious change in the shutter hardware was noted in shutter bolts. The common slide plate and keeper style of bolt started to appear. It was simpler to fabricate and operate than the earlier "strap style lock". This bolt relied on both the new cheap fasteners and the readily available plate iron. This bolt also relied on machines and "dies." This form of shutter bolt has been made continually ever since.
  Strap hinges continued to dominate in the marketplace for hanging shutters. Drive pintles started to be replaced by similar pintles cut off and mounted on a piece of thin plate material and again fastened with the new screws. This is the precursor of the "plate pintle".
  Changes in construction have been noted in the same period. Structures were built with openings into which pre-fabricated windows were installed. The earliest examples date from around 1810 and used a variation on the strap hinge. Instead of mounting the pintle to the surface of the structure, a new form was designed. This pintle was a flat plate of about two inches high and notched to one half of its height and formed to a female barrel. Holes were punched in the side of the pintle, and it was screwed directly to the side of the window before the window was installed on the structure. The strap hinges were modified to match the new pintles and the hinge was of the same width as the pintle and notched to one half of its height. A pin to mate with the female pintle was welded in the hinge. Examples of this type proved to be very durable and were in regular and widespread use through the 1870s. 
  Often when the shutters were removed – usually in the 20th century – cast type pintles were hit with a hammer and broken off flush with the edge of the window. The shutters often found their way into the basements of the home to provide coal bins for newly installed central heat or were nailed up in the barn to partition off pig sties or calf pens. 
  Cast iron tie-backs became much more popular during the Federal period – usually mounted on arms extending from the window sills. The "Federal Shell" was the dominant pattern in this period.