i think i am responding more to the comments here - than to the actual article. I agree with Ned - we really need to have some sort of apprenticeship. It seems there are currently 3 or 4 streams of "possible employment": 1. Highly skilled advanced education (Lawyer, Doctor, Nurse, Physiotherapist, Engineer - you get the idea) 2. Skilled trades (carpenter, electrician, plumber, heat/vac/hvac, etc) 3. Post graduate/science/ coding position (which will embody significant data analysis/data manipulation skills), and 4. Unskilled. Unfortunately, everyone who does NOT fall into category 1, 2, or 3 will automatically fall into category 4 - which will more than likely pay minimum wage (or maybe slightly above), enjoy no benefits and only part time work.........the problem is that we currently have a lot of people in category 4 classification - who previously enjoyed category 1-3 earnings without the qualifications and  expect the previous level of compensation and benefits. Unrealistic.