We disagree on this, then. ... I think brand loyalty, say to Fox News or MSNBC (or Democrats or Republicans), regardless of content, actually creates the echo chamber, because it eliminates the act of thinking. Instead of just taking whatever is shoveled, and by examining the content in detail, piece by piece, and thinking critically about it, news consumers can determine themselves how credible each piece is. In reality, even the best writers have off days, and even the worst journalists stumble upon real news. So I prefer to read news in a modular fashion, with each work getting a chance to stand (or fall) on its own, with some consideration to ethos but most to logos (and little to pathos). ...