text: we have discovered that an improved arcor method is achievable that adds only one process step to the imaging process that enables the economical manufacturable use of antireflection films economically in optical lithography process without adding the potential for harmful environmental effects or increased waste disposal costs . the arcor materials are substantially optically transparent to the exposing radiation about uv light which may be in the i -, g -, or h - line band or deep uv . this transparency is necessary to facilitate the patterning of the underlying resist . the top anti - reflective ( tar ) coatings of the invention are characterized in that they have both optimized the refractive index of the tar while at the same time maintaining the aqueous processibility of the tar materials . to overcome the deficiencies of fluorocarbon polymers which do provide nearly ideal refractive indexes ( on the order of 1 . 3 - 1 . 4 ) but do not offer solubility or strippability in aqueous media , we have tailored a number of different compositions which overcome these deficiencies . i . multi - component systems which generally have two components where the film forming composition comprises an admixture of functionalized fluorocarbons with binders that exhibit aqueous solubility , aqueous dispersibility or have aqueous strippability . two component systems are comprised of a film forming polymer binder which is soluble or dispersible in water or aqueous alkaline solutions , and a low refractive index fluorocarbon compound which is soluble or dispersible in water or aqueous alkaline solutions . specific examples of polymer binders : poly ( vinylalcohol ), poly ( acrylic acid ), poly ( vinylpyrolidone ), poly ( vinylsulfonic acid na + salt ), poly ( vinylmethylether ), poly ( ethyleneglycol ), poly ( alpha - trifluoromethyl acrylic acid ), poly ( vinylmethylether - co - maleic anhydride ), poly ( ethylene glycol - co - propylene glycol ), poly ( methacrylic acid ). specific examples of fluorocarbon compounds : perfluorooctanoic acid - ammonium salt , perfluorooctanoic acid - tetramethylammonium salt , ammonium salts of c - 7 and c - 10 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids ( sold under the trade name fluorad fc - 93 and fc - 120 respectively ), tetramethyl ammonium salts of c - 7 and c - 10 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids , fluorinated alkyl quaternary ammonium iodides ( fluorad fc - 135 ), perfluoro adipic acid , quaternary ammonium salts of perfluoroadipic acid . the components of such compositions can exist as simple mixtures , or may be in the form of salts between the functionalized fluorocarbon and the polymer binder . examples include mixtures of fluoroalkyl sulfonates , carboxylates , etc ., with aliphatic polymers having aqueous solubility such as polyvinyl alcohols or sulfonates , polyacrylic acid and related copolymers , polyethylene and polypropylene glycol homopolymers and copolymers , polyvinyl methyl ether , and polyethyleneimine . an example of a simple mixture is the combination of polyacrylic acid ( a watersoluble polymer ) with a salt of a perfluoro organic acid ( such as ammonium perfluorooctanoate ). an example of the salt formed between the fluorocarbon and the polymer is that formed by the combination of a perfluoroalkyl quaternary ammonium cation with an anionic polymer such as polyacrylic acid . additional benefit may be derived by incorporating fluorine in the binder polymer as well . ii . systems that are comprised largely of a single component that is the result of a condensation reaction between a functionalized fluorocarbon and an aliphatic polymer . one component systems make use of low index polymers which are not soluble in aqueous media initially but are rendered soluble by base catalysis , where the aqueous base developer is the source of the catalyst . examples are fluoroalkyl carboxylates or sulfonates of hydroxy functional polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol , aqueous strippability is facilitated by the hydrolytic instability of the ester linkages . carbonates , anhydride and related groups are also suitable linkages between the polymer and fluorocarbon groups . iii . systems which use a catalyst to cleave the bond between a fluorocarbon group and a polymeric binder or to depolymerize a fluoropolymer where the reaction products are aqueous strippable or partly or fully volatile . other approaches to two component systems include the combination of a polymer binder that is not soluble in aqueous media initially , but is rendered soluble during the process by the action of a catalyst such as an acid , with low index fluorocarbon compounds . examples of such polymers are polymethacrylic esters such as poly ( t - butylmethacrylate ), poly ( nonafluoro - t - butylmethacrylate ). in combination with one of the perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids listed above , the polymer can be rendered soluble in aqueous solutions by the acid catalyzed cleavage of the ester group during normal resist baking procedures , so that it is easily removed during the resist development step . other polymers with acid cleavable groups such as the t - boc group , can be used in a similar fashion . examples include materials such fluoro - t - butyl ester or carbonate polymers and fluoroaldehyde polymers with acid catalysts . one equivalent of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate ( 18 g ) was reacted with 0 . 1 equivalent of perfluorooctanoic acid ( 41 g ) in water , to form tetra methylammonium perfluorooctanoate at a concentration of 5 percent by weight of the solution . poly ( acrylic acid ) of molecular weight 2000 , was dissolved in water at a concentration of 5 percent by weight of the solution . 10 grams of the solution from example 1 was added to 5 grams of the solution from example 2 . the mixture was spin coated on a silicon substrate a highly uniform transparent film of refractive index 1 . 413 was obtained . the film was easily washed away with water . 12 . 5 grams of the solution from example 1 was added to 5 grams of the solution from example 2 . the mixture was spin coated on a silicon substrate . a highly uniform transparent film of refractive index 1 . 407 was obtained . the film was easily washed away with water . silicon substrates were coated with a positive working diazonaphthoquinone photoresist . the thicknesses obtained ranged from 10 , 000 - 12 , 000 angstroms . samples were over coated with the solution from example 3 , forming a layer thickness of 650 angstroms . the samples were exposed to radiation of 3650 angstroms using a gca step and repeat aligner . the amount of exposure energy required to give complete film removal upon development ( dose to clear ) was determined . the dose to clear varied 14 % over the range of starting resist thicknesses , due to variable reflectivity . for samples without the 650 angstrom over coat , the dose to clear varied by 36 % over the range of starting resist thicknesses . silicon substrates were prepared as in example 5 . samples were patterned on a gca step and repeat aligner with an exposure wavelength of 3650 angstroms , using a resolution target mask of equal line and space patterns . the size of the resulting photoresist images , of the 0 . 7 micron mask patterns , were measured with a scanning electron microscope . the size of the images of the 0 . 7 micron mask pattern varied by 0 . 06 microns , over the range of starting resist thicknesses , due to variable reflectivity . for samples without the 650 angstrom over coat the size of the images of the 0 . 7 micron mask pattern varied by 0 . 15 microns over the range of starting resist thicknesses , due to variable reflectivity . thus , the image size variation due to changing reflectivity was reduced by a factor of 2 . 5 × using this aqueous processible anti - reflection material . silicon substrates with varying thicknesses of thermally grown sio 2 were prepared and coated with a positive working dqn photoresist . samples were overcoated with the solution from example 3 . the photoresist was patterned on a gca step and repeat aligner with an exposure wavelength of 3650 angstroms , using a resolution target mask of equal line and space patterns . the size of the resulting images , of the 0 . 5 micron mask patterns were measured with a scanning electron microscope . the size of the images of the 0 . 5 micron mask pattern varied by 0 . 04 microns over the range of thermal sio 2 thicknesses due to variable reflectivity . for samples without the 650 angstrom antireflection overcoat , the size of the images of the 0 . 5 micron mask pattern varied by 0 . 18 microns over the range of thermal sio 2 thicknesses , due to variable reflectivity . thus , the image size variation due to changing reflectivity , was reduced by a factor 4 . 5 × using this aqueous processible antireflection material . 20 grams of the solution from example 1 was added to 5 grams of a solution containing 5 % by weight poly ( methacrylic acid ). the solution was spin coated on a silicon substrate . a highly uniform transparent film of refractive index 1 . 401 was obtained . the film was easily washed away with water . a solution was made containing the ammonium salt of a perfluoro 7 carbon sulfonic acid ( trade name fc - 93 from 3m co .) and a copolymer of ethylene and propylene oxide ( trade name pluronic f127 from basf corp .) in water at a weight ratio of 65 : 35 , with a total solids content of 5 % by weight . the solution was spin coated on a silicon substrate . a transparent film of refractive index 1 . 43 was obtained . the film was easily washed away with water . while only the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described above , many potential modifications which fall within the generic concept will occur to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the present disclosure . such modifications which are functionally equivalent to that as herein set forth are within the teaching of the present invention as set forth in the claims which follow .