text: the illustrated testing apparatus 10 has a planar support base 12 with a central aperture 14 and an elongate upstanding generally u - shaped carrying handle 16 spanning the aperture . an upright metal frame 18 has a yoke - like lower end with spaced limbs 20 ( seen most clearly in fig6 ), and the limbs 20 are pivotally attached at their lower ends to opposite lateral faces 22 of the base which define aperture 14 , by pivot pins 24 so that frame 18 can swing as a whole about a horizontal axis defined by the pins . frame 18 has a substantially centrally located aperture 26 which received a part - circular segment plate 28 supported in a vertical plane , by an upright 30 secured to base 12 centrally of the aperture 14 . the upper surface of the segment plate has teeth 32 to be engaged by a pawl 34 carried by frame 18 . the pawl slides vertically in a slot 36 milled in the frame and covered by a plate 38 which is suitably secured to the frame as by screws 40 . the pawl has a projecting pin 42 , and plate 38 has a further pin 44 . a coil spring 46 is attached between pins 42 and 44 so as to urge the pawl downwardly into latching engagement with the teeth 32 . it will be readily apparent that by lifting pin 42 against the action of spring 46 , the pawl can be disengaged from teeth 32 , so that frame 18 can be swung about pivot pins 24 in order to set the frame at a required angle to the vertical ( see for example fig3 and 4 ) and release of pin 42 will engage the pawl thereby releasably latching frame 18 at the set angle . also supported on the base 12 , adjacent aperture 14 , there may be provided a slotted segment 48 , and frame 18 may be provided with a screw - down knob 50 on a lateral threaded pin 52 projecting through slot 54 of the segment , so as to more securely lock the frame 18 at a selected angle and prevent its movement , should the pawl be accidentally released . segment 48 may have a measuring scale 56 , which may be marked in degrees or other indicia such as slip coefficients , to determine the angular setting of frame 18 , and the frame may have a corresponding scale pointer 58 , see fig1 . frame 18 may be provided with a hardened steel or like bearing plate 60 , with an adjustment slot 61 , to embrace segment plate 28 and stabilize it laterally , and a front securement plate 62 for the bearing plate . frame 18 is further provided with a pair of laterally spaced vertical through - bores 64 ( fig6 ) containing a set of linear ball bushings ( not shown ) which may be counter sunk at their upper and lower ends , the bores 64 slidably receiving respective rods 66 which form part of an articulated linkage generally denoted by reference 68 . at their upper ends , the rods 66 may be secured to a weight 70 and at their lower ends ( which project downwardly into a space defined between the frame limbs 20 ) the rods may be secured to a cross - piece 72 . the weight 70 , rods 66 , and cross - piece 72 together define a first link of the articulated linkage 68 . pivotally secured to cross - piece 72 is a yoke - like member 74 defining a second link of the articulated linkage . upper limbs 76 of the member 74 may , for example , be journalled on a pivot pin 78 extending through the cross - piece . the member 74 may also have lower limbs 80 with a pivot pin 82 therebetween on which is pivotally mounted a foot - plate carrier 84 . pivotal mounting of the carrier on pin 82 is by way of sidewalls 85 on the carrier which have pin - receiving openings 87 ( fig9 and 10 ). the foot - plate carrier has a foot plate 86 releasably secured thereto , as will be described , and the foot plate has an underneath pad 88 of test material ( e . g . leather ) which in use rests on a surface 90 to be tested within the aperture 14 of the base 12 . it is evident that the link member 74 can pivot in one direction relative to cross - piece 72 from a position in which member 74 is effectively in line with rods 66 ( fig3 or fig4 ) to an out - of - line position ( fig5 ). however , member 74 is restrained from pivoting out - of - line with the rods in the other direction by a stop 92 secured to the cross - piece 72 and which engages member 74 in the in - line position . in order to prevent the gravitational force of weight 70 and linkage 68 from acting through pad 88 on surface 90 , until this force is required substantially instantaneously for test purposes , the apparatus is provided with a weight - supporting trigger in the form of an l - shaped lever 94 pivotally mounted atop frame 18 . it will be evident that when the lever is in the position shown in fig1 for example , its vertical limb 94a engages the weight and prevents if from applying pressure to pad 88 . however , the lever can be readily swung out of engagement with the weight whereupon substantially instantaneous pressure will be applied to the pad . when frame 18 is in a vertical position as shown in fig1 and 3 , the force of weight 70 acts directly downwardly on pad 88 , and effectively no slip can occur between the pad and surface 90 . when , however , frame 18 is moved along segment plate 28 and latched at a particular angle , release of weight 70 causes a force with a horizontal component , the strength of which is dependent on the angle of frame 18 , to act on pad 88 . if the horizontal component of force is sufficient to overcome the friction between pad 88 and surface 90 , the pad will slip and member 74 will swing to the position shown in fig5 . if , on the other hand , the angle at which frame 18 has been set is insufficiently removed from the vertical to apply a sufficiently large horizontal force component to pad 88 to cause slip , the apparatus will remain in the position shown in fig4 even after the weight has been released . accordingly , as previously indicated , slip tests may be conducted by trial and error , doing repeated tests at angles further and further removed from the vertical until the angle is reached at which slip occurs . alternatively , a datum angle for frame 18 can be established for a particular surface , and a test can be conducted only at that angle to determine whether the surface is slip resistant or not at the specified angle . it is self evident that use of the device depends on a constant force being supplied by the weight at the various set angles of attack for accurate testing . fig8 shows one way of using the device , for example on a floor , where an operator will stabilize the device by standing on base 12 and gripping handle 16 . alternatively , in a bathtub , for example , the device may be stabilized by two hands . it will also be noted that weight 70 may include a handle bar 70a for raising the weight after a slip test . further , the weight may carry a depending bar 96 with an elongate slot 98 which embraces the pawl - attached pin 42 . thus , raising of the weight may also be used to release the pawl , for repositioning the frame 18 on segment plate 28 . when the weight falls , pin 42 moves along slot 98 . as an alternative to weight 70 , force may be applied to pad 88 by a spring system as shown in fig7 . in this modification , the upper ends of rods 66 are secured to a further cross - piece 100 , and a central rod 102 extends upwardly from the top of frame 18 to project through an aperture 104 in cross - piece 100 . a coil spring 106 surrounds the projecting portion of rod 102 and acts between cross - piece 100 and a stop washer 108 or the like on rod 102 to exert downward force on the cross - piece and rods 66 . as previously , l - shaped pivoting trigger 94 acts between the frame 18 and cross - piece 100 to resist the force of the spring until the trigger is released . adjustment nuts 110 may be provided to alter the position of washer 108 on rod 102 and thereby adjust the force of the spring , if required . fig9 and 10 show a preferred foot - plate construction in accordance with a further feature of the invention . it will be noted that foot - plate 86 has peripherally located upstanding tabs 112 , 114 ( tabs 114 being bent inwardly somewhat ) and carrier 84 has corresponding locating slots 116 for receiving the tabs in a manner whereby the foot plate can be releasably clipped to the carrier . magnetic strips 122 are provided to hold the foot plate 86 to the carrier 84 . also , the bottom of carrier 84 has a pair of inclined engagement surfaces 118 , 120 front and back ( only the engagement surfaces at the front of the carrier are shown in fig9 and 10 ) the surfaces defining apexes on an axis which is perpendicular to the axis of pivot pin 82 and which thereby allow the foot plate to tilt laterally to accommodate irregularities which may be present in test surface 90 . front to back tilting of the foot plate is provided by the pivotal mounting of carrier 84 on pivot pin 82 . replacement of foot plates , for example , to exchange pad 88 for one of a different composition , may easily be effected simply by unclipping the foot plate from the carrier . while only preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein in detail , the invention is not limited thereby and modifications can be made within the scope of the attached claims .