text: a snubber of the present invention prevents the lateral motion that accompanies the resonant condition . the compliant contact surface of a snubber of the present invention allows the snubber to be located less precisely while maintaining the ideal zero clearance condition to the back of the chain . this is accomplished by allowing the chain to move the contact surface easily as the chain increases tension . this feature reduces costs by increasing mounting hole location tolerances and by eliminating the adjustment operation during its incorporation into the chain system . the completely elastomeric design also absorbs more of the vibrations created by the chain system than a prior art snubber , thus improving the noise - vibration - harshness ( nvh ) performance of the chain system . an elastomer or an elastomeric material is defined herein as a polymeric material having elastic properties such that it stretches rapidly under tensile stress with a high tensile strength and modulus when stretched and retracts rapidly to recover its original dimensions upon release of the stress . a snubber preferably contacts the outside surface of the chain , or what is commonly referred to as the back of the chain . the snubber is unable directly to restrict the motion of the chain in the opposite direction . the snubber could be mounted inside the chain in which case it would contact the inside of the chain and restrict chain motion in that direction . however , since the teeth on the silent chain would contact the elastomeric material , wear of the snubber material would typically increase . for this reason , the snubber is usually mounted on the outside of the chain . the design of the present invention isolates the snubber from the application &# 39 ; s case better than the metal bracket of prior art snubber technology . the loss modulus of the elastomeric material is greater than that of the aluminum of which the metal bracket is usually made , therefore , a smaller portion of the total energy entering a snubber of the present invention actually gets transmitted to the case . the remaining portion of the total energy manifests itself as heat and dissipates back into the application . the compliant feature of the snubber also absorbs some energy . the compliant face , having a spring rate , requires some energy to move , resulting in less energy being available to be transmitted through the snubber body and into the application case . referring to fig1 , a compliant snubber of the present invention ( 11 ) has a snubber body ( 12 ) with a snubber contact surface ( 13 ) for contacting a chain . in fig1 , the snubber is mounted through mounting holes ( 14 ) and ( 15 ) with bushings ( 16 ) and ( 17 ). the compliant snubber has a compliance cavity ( 18 ) located behind the contact surface ( 13 ). although the snubber is shown as mounted through mounting holes ( 14 ) and ( 15 ) in the figures , alternative mounting mechanisms are possible for any of the embodiments of the present invention . for example , the snubber can have features molded into it that connect to similar features ( dovetails , etc .) in the application case , such as with a bracketless snubber . this feature eliminates the need for mounting hardware such as screws . the snubber body is preferably made of an elastomeric material . any material having a loss modulus similar to those elastomer polymers used in vibration dampening devices is preferred for the snubber body ( 12 ). these include , but are not limited to acrylonitrile butadienes ( nitrile or nbr ), hydrogenated nitrites ( hnbr ), and ethylene acrylate copolymers ( ear ). a preferred material for the snubber contact surface ( 13 ) is carboxylated nitrile ( cox - nbr ) due to its improved wear resistance over the nbr material . the use of other elastomeric polymers , such as butyl ( natural rubber ), is also possible . however , one of the limiting factors in choosing the material is the material &# 39 ; s ability to function in a high temperature , oily environment . another property of the snubber material that is critical is its wear resistance when running against the chain . the surface of the links contacting the snubber material can erode the snubber material which changes the clearance between the chain and the snubber , and results in degraded performance of the snubber in controlling the chain motion . the contact surface ( 13 ) is compliant and moves with an applied force from the chain . the compliant surface allows more tolerance during assembly and allows the snubber to have a negative clearance to the chain back . the snubber compliance is designed to be stiff enough to resist chain resonance but compliant enough to minimize force at the contact surface . in this embodiment , compliance is controlled by the stiffness of the material of the body ( 12 ) and the size and shape of a compliance cavity ( 18 ) located behind the contact surface ( 13 ) of the snubber ( 11 ). with any material , the force required to displace the contact surface ( 13 ) of the snubber changes with snubber geometry . for example , when the contact surface ( 13 ) is made thinner , the resulting deflection is concentrated in that thinner region . if the ends of the snubber are thinned more so than the snubber surface ( 13 ), the deflection is directed away from a specific area of the contact surface ( 13 ) and towards the ends of the snubber , resulting in the movement of the entire snubber contact surface ( 13 ). both of these designs potentially have different spring rates , or deflection - versus - force performance characteristics . likewise , for any given geometry , the deflection - versus - performance characteristics are altered by changing the material stiffness properties . the shape of the cavity ( 18 ) is important in many ways . the cavity height determines the amount of compliance built into the design . it also directly affects the lateral chain motion allowed by the design . the shape at the ends of the cavity affects stress distribution and is preferably optimized to maximize fatigue life . the overall shape of the cavity affects the spring rate and the location of the deformation . this impacts how well the snubber dampens the chain strand resonance and how much of the contact surface of the snubber stays in contact with the back of the chain . the cavity is preferably oblong in shape . oblong is hereby defined herein as having an elongated shape such that one dimension is significantly longer than a second dimension . in another embodiment , the cavity is filled with a low spring rate material . low durometer elastomers , such as the materials like the gels found in sports shoes or foam are preferred . the material must be compatible with the high temperatures and oil used in these applications . other fillers , such as metal or plastic backers , can also be used to increase the contact surface spring rate . one material preferably used to fill the cavity is dupont hytrel ®, a thermoplastic polyester elastomer . this material offers good chemical and temperature resistance and can be injection - molded into the snubber cavity . it is available in a range of hardnesses such that a low stiffness grade can be used to absorb energy in the snubber cavity . referring to fig2 , a cross section of the compliant snubber of fig1 along line 2 - 2 is shown . a bushing ( 16 ) inserts into the mounting hole ( 14 ) of the snubber body ( 12 ) for mounting of the snubber . a cross section of the compliance cavity ( 18 ) is also visible . in another embodiment of the present invention , the snubber has a thin metal leaf spring inside of the compliance cavity to support the contact surface , which reduces weight , improves packaging , and also improves the durability and contact surface shape retention of the snubber . other materials such as plastic can also be used to support the contact surface . other types of springs can alternatively be used . for example , coil springs can be used to provide localized support , whereas the leaf spring supports a much larger area . referring to fig3 , a compliant snubber of the present invention ( 31 ) has a snubber body ( 32 ) with a snubber contact surface ( 33 ) for contacting a chain . in fig3 , the snubber is mounted through mounting holes ( 34 ) and ( 35 ) with bushings ( 36 ) and ( 37 ). the compliant snubber has a compliance cavity ( 38 ) located behind the contact surface ( 33 ). the contact surface ( 33 ) is compliant and moves with an applied force from the chain . the compliant surface allows more tolerance during assembly and allows the snubber to have a negative clearance to the chain back . the snubber compliance is designed to be stiff enough to resist chain resonance but compliant enough to minimize force at the contact surface . in this embodiment , compliance is controlled by the stiffness of the material of the body ( 32 ), the size and shape of the compliance cavity ( 38 ), and a leaf spring ( 39 ) located behind the contact surface ( 33 ) of the snubber ( 31 ). referring to fig4 , a cross section of the compliant snubber of fig3 along line 4 - 4 is shown . a bushing ( 36 ) inserts into the mounting hole ( 34 ) of the snubber body ( 32 ) for mounting of the snubber . a cross section of the compliance cavity ( 38 ) and the leaf spring ( 39 ) within the compliance cavity are also visible . in yet another embodiment of the present invention , the snubber is made of two different elastomers , each having a different durometric value , or stiffness . referring to fig5 , a compliant snubber of the present invention ( 51 ) has a snubber body ( 52 ) with a snubber contact surface ( 53 ) for contacting a chain . in fig5 , the snubber is mounted through mounting holes ( 54 ) and ( 55 ) with bushings ( 56 ) and ( 57 ). the compliant snubber has a compliance cavity ( 58 ) located behind the contact surface ( 53 ). the contact surface ( 53 ) is compliant and moves with an applied force from the chain . in this embodiment , the snubber is made of two elastomeric materials . the compliant surface allows more tolerance during assembly and allows the snubber to have a negative clearance to the chain back . the snubber has a strip of a first elastomeric material ( 59 ) along the snubber contact surface ( 53 ). the snubber has a second elastomeric material ( 60 ) with a lower hardness than the first material for the remainder of the snubber body . the snubber compliance is designed to be stiff enough to resist chain resonance but compliant enough to minimize force at the contact surface . in this embodiment , compliance is controlled by the stiffness of the material ( 60 ) of the body ( 52 ), the size and shape of a compliance cavity ( 58 ), and the thickness and stiffness of the material ( 59 ) of the contact surface ( 53 ) of the snubber ( 51 ). the material properties of the snubber body are preferably such that the dampening effect is maximized and wear resistance is of less significance . therefore , the loss modulus should be high . materials for the snubber body in this embodiment include , but are not limited to , low durometer nitrites and the ear material . the contact surface material properties should be such that wear resistance is given high priority and the dampening characteristics are less important . materials for the contact surface in this embodiment include , but are not limited to , higher durometer nbr &# 39 ; s and hnbr &# 39 ; s , and cox - nbr &# 39 ; s . the stiffnesses of the materials are selected such that the contact surface offers wear resistance , typical of higher stiffness materials , and the body of the snubber has high energy absorption , typical of lower stiffness materials . in a preferred embodiment , the high stiffness elastomer extends up to 50 % of the contact surface thickness . referring to fig6 , a cross section of the compliant snubber of fig5 along line 6 - 6 is shown . a bushing ( 61 ) inserts into the mounting hole ( 54 ) of the snubber body ( 52 ) for mounting of the snubber . a cross section of the compliance cavity ( 58 ) and the first elastomeric material ( 56 ) are also visible . another embodiment of the present invention includes a leaf spring and a snubber body including two different elastomers with different stiffnesses . the snubber has a strip of the first elastomeric material along the snubber contact surface . the snubber has a second elastomeric material with a lower hardness than the first material for the remainder of the snubber body . in a preferred embodiment , the cavity has features , which look like offset teeth , added to it . these features are used to design a variable spring rate into the compliance feature . the teeth come into contact with each other as the snubber is compressed . in one embodiment the teeth have straight sides and come to a point . in another embodiment , the teeth have a convex curved surface . the teeth deflect as more force is applied , however , at a rate different from the initial rate . referring to fig7 , a preferred embodiment with teeth is shown . in this embodiment , the compliant snubber ( 71 ) has a snubber body ( 72 ) with a snubber contact surface ( 73 ) for contacting a chain . in fig7 , the snubber is mounted through mounting holes ( 74 ) and ( 75 ) with bushings ( 76 ) and ( 77 ). the compliant snubber has a compliance cavity ( 78 ) located behind the contact surface ( 73 ). the contact surface ( 73 ) is compliant and moves with an applied force from the chain . the compliance cavity ( 78 ) has teeth ( 79 ), which deflect upon compression of the compliance cavity . the compliant surface allows more tolerance during assembly and allows the snubber to have a negative clearance to the chain back . the snubber compliance is designed to be stiff enough to resist chain resonance but compliant enough to minimize force at the contact surface . in this embodiment , compliance is controlled by the stiffness of the material of the body ( 72 ), the size and shape of a compliance cavity ( 78 ), and the size , shape , location , and number of teeth ( 79 ) in the compliance cavity . referring to fig8 , a portion of a chain ( 81 ) is shown contacting the contact surface ( 82 ) of a snubber ( 83 ) having teeth ( 84 ) extending into the compliance cavity ( 85 ). tension in the chain has caused the snubber to deform such that the curvature of the contact surface is reduced . the compliance cavity has become compacted such that the upper and lower rows of teeth form points of contact ( 86 ). as the pressure on the contact surface increases beyond the point shown in fig8 , the two rows of teeth begin to interact , and the top row of teeth increasingly support the bottom row and resist deformation of the contact surface . thus the tooth feature provides a gradually increasing spring rate to the snubber as the pressure from the chain deforms the compliance cavity past the point of tooth - tooth contact , such that the snubber has a variable spring rate . accordingly , it is to be understood that the embodiments of the invention herein described are merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the invention . reference herein to details of the illustrated embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the claims , which themselves recite those features regarded as essential to the invention .