text: essentially , polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride , preferably having a molecular weight of 200 - 1500 , is mixed with ( 1 ) a member selected from the group consisting of cottonseed oil , soybean oil , corn oil , jojoba oil , mustard seed oil , sperm oil , lard oil , rapeseed oil , fish oil , crambe oil , linseed oil , rice oil , palm oil , peanut oil , and mono esters of unsaturated fatty acids , ( 2 ) an alpha - unsaturated mono olefin , and ( 3 ) sulfur . the mixture is heated and maintained at from 175 ° - 200 ° c . until the sulfurization of the mixture is complete . the proportion of each ingredient may be varied , however the normal percentage composition by weight is 40 % polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride ; 25 % vegetable oil or animal oil ; 25 % of an alpha - unsaturated mono olefin ( or mixtures thereof ); and 10 % elemental sulfur . the sulfur content may vary from 3 - 40 parts by weight . the sulfurized composition is then reacted with a hydrophilic agent . examples of such agents are : ammonia , n - butyl amine , ethylene diamine , propylene diamine , diethylene triamine , tetraethylene pentamine , mono - ethanol amine , diethanol amine , propanol amine , dipropanol amine , ethylene glycol , propylene glycol , ethylene oxide , propylene oxide , trimethylolpropane , erythritol , pentaerythriol , sorbitol , manoritol , glycerol and the like . the hydrophile - reacted composition may be blended with additional extreme pressure and / or anti - wear agents , such as , dialkyldithiophosphates and organic disulfides . also , emulsion stabilizers may be added ; for example , sorbitan mono - oleate , sorbitan tri - oleate , lecitin and the like . the final additive blend is then mixed with suitable oil or fluid at a concentration of from 2 to 10 percent by weight . the oil or fluid blend is then mixed with water in the volume ratio of 60 parts oil or fluid to 40 parts water , in order to form a fire - resistant water - in - oil emulsion . eight hundred grams of commercial grade polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with an average molecular weight of 518 was mixed with 500 grams of cottonseed oil , 500 grams of c 15 - c 20 alpha - olefin , and 200 grams of sulfur , making a total of 2 , 000 grams . the mixture was heated with stirring to 175 ° c . to initiate sulfurization . the mixture was then sulfurized for four ( 4 ) hours , cooled to 110 ° c . and then air - blown for two ( 2 ) hours at that temperature . subsequent analysis showed the percentage of sulfur to be 8 . 4 , the viscosity at 210 f to be 150 sus , and the specific gravity to be 0 . 9509 . the equivalent weight was found to be 226 which was determined by titration with standard koh solution . four hundred grams , 0 . 154 of a stoichiometric equivalent of the product of example a , was combined with the stoichiometric equivalent , 16 . 5 grams , of diethanolamine and 500 ml of xylene . the mixture was refluxed and reacted , and the water removed by azetrope . the amount of water removed was 3 . 0 ml . the xylene was stripped under vacuum , the reacted mixture was nitrogen - blown for one - half hour , and then the product was cooled . four hundred grams , 0 . 154 of a stoichiometric equivalent of the product of example a , was combined with the stoichiometric equivalent , 9 . 5 grams , of tetraethylenepentamine and 500 ml . of xylene . the mixture was refluxed and reacted , and the water was removed by azetrope . the amount of water removed was 2 . 7 ml . the xylene was stripped under vacuum , the reacted mixture was nitrogen - blown for one - half hour , and then the product was cooled . two thousand grams of commercially available polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with an average molecular weight of 518 was combined with 1 , 250 grams of cottonseed oil and 1 , 250 grams of c 15 - c 20 alpha - olefin . this mixture was heated to 75 ° c . with stirring and then the sulfur added . the mixture was then heated to 170 °- 175 ° c . an exotherm occurred which raised the temperature to 185 ° c . after the exotherm had subsided , the mixture was held at 175 ° c . for 6 hours , cooled to 120 °- 130 ° c . and air - blown for 4 hours . then 206 grams of diethanol - amine in 1 liter of xylene was added to the above product . the amount of water removed was 50 ml . the xylene was stripped under vacuum and the residue ( product ) analyzed . analysis showed the percent sulfur to be 10 . 0 ; the viscosity at 210 ° f . was 166 . 3 sus ; the specific gravity was 0 . 9513 ; and the copper strip at 210 ° f . was 1 a - 1 b 3 hrs . astm d - 130 . four hundred grams of the product from example a was mixed with 27 . 3 g of sorbitol and 500 ml of xylene . the mixture was refluxed and reacted . water was removed by azetrope . after all the water was removed , the xylene was distilled from the product under vacuum . six thousand three hundred grams of polyisobutene with an average molecular weight of 920 was reacted with chlorine gas at 93 °- 100 ° c . over a 6 hour period . at the end of this period of time the chlorine analysis was 3 . 5 %. maleic anhydride , 650 grams , was added to the above chlorinated material at 95 ° c . after addition of the maleic anhydride was complete , the mixture was heated to 250 ° c . for 2 hours , and finally nitrogen blown for 2 hours to remove excess or unreacted maleic anhydride . the product was filtered . equivalent weight was found to be 498 . two thousand grams of the above product was mixed with 1250 grams of cottonseed oil and 1250 grams of c 15 - c 20 alpha - olefin . this mixture was heated to 130 ° c . to this mixture was then added 500 grams of elemental sulfur . the mixture was then heated to 175 ° c . and held for 6 hours . after sulfurization was complete the mixture was air - blown for 6 hours at 110 ° c . the product had the following analysis : the percent sulfur was found to be 11 . 08 ; the viscosity was found to be at 210 ° f ., 428 ; the specific gravity was 0 . 9688 and the flash point , coc , ° f ., was 425 . to 250 grams of the above product was added 7 . 56 grams of tetraethylenepentamine . the mixture was heated to 155 °- 160 ° c . to remove water . a total of 1 . 8 ml of water was removed . the product was then cooled . to 250 grams of example g was added 25 . 2grams of diethanolamine and 90 grams of toluene . the mixture was stirred and refluxed to remove water . a total of 3 . 5 ml of water was removed at 150 ° c . to 200 g of the product from example g was added 36 grams of 33 % ammonia solution and 150 ml of benzene . the mixture was refluxed and reacted . a total of 28 . 0 ml of water was removed . benzene was removed at 90 ° c . under vacuum . to 200 grams of the product of example f was added 125 grams of rice oil , 125 grams of c 15 - c 20 alpha - olefin and 50 grams of elemental sulfur . the mixture was stirred and heated to 175 ° c . and allowed to sulfurize at that temperature for 5 hours . the mixture was then air - blown at 110 ° c . analyses of the product showed the percentage of sulfur to be 9 . 96 ; and the viscosity at 210 ° f . to be 95 . 82 cs . to 200 grams of the product of example f was added 125 grams of lard oil , 125 grams of c 15 - c 18 alpha - olefin and 50 grams of sulfur . the mixture was stirred and heated to 175 ° c . and allowed to sulfurize at that temperature for 6 hours . then the mixture was air - blown at 110 ° c . analysis of the product showed the percentage of sulfur to be 10 . 10 ; and the viscosity at 210 ° c . to be 75 . 99 cs . two hundred grams of the product of example f was mixed with 125 grams of corn oil , and 125 grams of c 15 - c 20 alpha - olefin . the mixture was stirred and heated to 110 ° c . and 50 grams of sulfur was added . the temperature was taken to 175 ° c . and held for 6 hours . after this hold period , the mixture was cooled to 105 ° c . and air - blown for 4 hours . analysis of the product showed the percentage of sulfur to be 9 . 39 ; and the viscosity at 210 ° c . to be 113 . 97 cs . ______________________________________product of example j 2 . 49 # zdtp ( zinc dialkyldithio phosphate 2 . 49 # derived from c . sub . 3 - c . sub . 6 alcohols mixture ) sorbitan monoleate 3 . 61 # polysorbitan 80 0 . 41 # sulfurized hydrocarbon 1 . 00 # solvent extracted 100 / 100 oil ( union ) 190 # water 155 # ______________________________________ the first five materials were blended in the base oil until dissolved . water was added to the oil blend and stirred overnight . an invert emulsion formed as determined by dropping a small amount of the emulsion into a large volume of water which coagulated . an oil - in - water emulsion would have dispersed or dissolved . ______________________________________product of example b 2 . 49 # zdtp 2 . 49 # sorbitan monoleate 3 . 61 # tween 80 0 . 41 # sulfurized hydrocarbon 1 . 0 # solvent extracted 100 / 100 oil ( union ) 190 # water 165 # ______________________________________ the first five materials were blended in the base oil until dissolved . water was added to the oil blend and stirred overnight . an invert emulsion formed as determined by previously described test . as a point of comparison , an emulsion was prepared following example 15 of u . s . pat . no . 3 , 269 , 946 - wiese , as follows : ______________________________________reaction product of 500 m . w . polyisobutylene 2 . 00 # succinic anhydride / ammoniasolvent extracted neutral 100 / 100 ( union ) 2 . 10 # soyabean lechitin . 82 # benzoic acid / primeme 81r . 29 # sulfurized sperm oil . 69 # zdtp ( zinc dialkyldithio phosphate , 4 . 10 # derived from c . sub . 3 - c . sub . 6 alcohols mixture ) solvent extracted neutral 100 / 100 ( union ) 190 # water 155 # ______________________________________ the first six materials were blended in the base oil until dissolved . water was added to the oil and stirred overnight . an invert emulsion formed as determined by previously described test . a commercially available invert emulsion additive was blended at a concentration of 6 . 0 % by wt . in solvent extracted neutral 100 / 100 oil . the oil blend was mixed with water in a ratio of 60 pts . oil / 40 parts water . the emulsion was used as a comparative sample . the invert emulsions prepared from the above examples 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 were tested in a vickers high pressure pump test to determine the wear characteristics . table 1 shows the wear data from these tests . the performance of the emulsions of examples 2 and 3 show clearly the reduced wear obtained using the compositions of our invention as compared to the prior art ( example 4 ). other e . p . tests used to determine the present invention include the timken tester , falex tester and shell four ball tester . results in table 1 , again , clearly show the superiority of the present invention over prior art . ______________________________________emulsion inspection ex . 1 ex . 2 ex . 3 ex . 4______________________________________specific gravity , 60 ° f . 0 . 9208 0 . 9327 0 . 9036 0 . 92stablity 210 ° f ./ 1 hr . ( lessthan 1 % oil separation al - lowable ) pass pass pass passtimken 25 25 10 0shell 4 - ball wear 0 . 57 0 . 56 0 . 88 -- falex , lb . 2500 2250 1250 1500shell 4 - ball weld , kg . 160 160 126 80total vicker &# 39 ; s pump wt . 570 . 4 655 . 4 854 . 7 -- loss , mg . inspection ex . 1 ex . 2 ex . 3 ex . 4______________________________________ % loss ring 0 . 306 0 . 353 0 . 461 --% loss vane 0 . 033 0 . 031 0 . 032 -- ______________________________________ it will be apparent from the above disclosure that various other modifications may be made in the details of constituents , preparation , and resultant product of the invention , and yet still be within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the following claims .