text: preferred embodiments of a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the invention are to be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings . fig4 is a plan view showing a layout of a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to a first embodiment of the invention . the semiconductor integrated circuit device in fig4 corresponds to a portion of the precharge / balance device q in the sense amplifier circuit shown in the circuit diagram of fig1 described above . then , the circuit diagram of fig1 is at first explained again . constitutional elements in the sense amplifier circuit in fig1 are to be described . the sense amplifier circuit in fig1 includes the first bit line blt , the second bit line , the sense amplifier sa , the precharge / balance device q , the equalize signal input portion eq , and the half power source voltage input portion hvc . the precharge / balance device q includes the first transistor q 1 as the balance device , the second transistor q 2 as the first precharge device , and the third transistor q 3 as the second precharge device . as the sense amplifier sa , a latch circuit or the like having a plurality of transistors in combination is generally used . the coupling relation for the constitutional elements in the sense amplifier circuit in fig1 is to be described . one end of the sense amplifier sa is coupled to the first bit line blt . the other end of the sense amplifier sa is coupled to the second bit line bln . one of the source and the drain of the first transistor q 1 is coupled to the first bit line blt . the other of the source and the drain of the first transistor q 1 is coupled to the second bit line bln . the gate of each of the first to third transistors q 1 to q 3 is coupled in common to the equalize signal input portion eq . one of the source and the drain of the second transistor q 2 is coupled to the first bit line blt . one of the source and the drain of the third transistor q 3 is coupled to the second bit line bln . the other of the source and the drain of each of the second and third transistors q 2 and q 3 is coupled to the half power source voltage input portion hvc . then , the constitutional elements of the semiconductor integrated circuit device in fig4 are to be described . a semiconductor integrated circuit device in fig4 includes a first bit line blt , a second bit line bln , a precharge / balance device q , an equalize signal input portion eq , a half power source voltage input portion hvc , and a diffusion layer 11 . the precharge / balance device q includes a first transistor q 1 as a balance device , a second transistor q 2 as a first precharge device , and a third transistor q 3 as a second precharge device . in fig4 , contacts that can be coupled to the respective wirings for the first bit line blt , the second bit line bln , the equalize signal input portion eq , and the half power source voltage input portion hvc are shown by solid lines . further , for the first bit line blt and the second bit line bln , an example of arrangement for the wirings in the upper layer is shown by broken lines . the positional relation and the coupling relation of the constitutional elements of the semiconductor integrated circuit device in fig4 are to be described . in the semiconductor integrated circuit device shown in fig4 , the first , second , and third transistors q 1 , q 2 , and q 3 are formed over an identical diffusion layer 11 . the first , second , and third transistors q 1 , q 2 , and q 3 have a gate in common , and the gate is coupled to the contact for an equalize signal input portion eq . the first and second transistors q 1 and q 2 have a source or a drain in common , and the source or the drain is coupled to the contact for the first bit line blt . also the first and third transistors q 1 and q 3 have the source or the drain in common , and the source or the drain is coupled to a contact for the second bit line bln . also the second and third transistors q 2 and q 3 have the source or the drain in common , and the source or the drain is coupled to a contact for the half power source voltage input portion hvc . the first and second transistors q 1 and q 2 are arranged such that the respective gates are arranged in on one straight line . further , the third transistor q 3 is arranged such that the lateral direction of the gate is different from the lateral direction of gate of the first or second transistor q 1 or q 2 . wirings for the first and second bit lines blt and bln can be arranged optionally by way of a plurality of contacts provided respectively in a layer upper than the layout in fig4 . however , it is preferred that the wirings for the first and second bit lines blt and bln are arranged in the direction of coupling the sense amplifier circuit and the memory cell array , that is , in the vertical direction in fig4 . further , wirings coupled to the equalize signal input portion eq are arranged in the upper layer preferably in the direction different from that of the first and second bit lines blt and bln and , more preferably , in the direction perpendicular thereto . the operation of the semiconductor integrated circuit device in fig4 is to be described . since a general precharge / balance device q in the circuit diagram in fig4 is provided also by a layout in fig4 , an identical function is obtainable as the matter of fact . the operation of the sense amplifier in fig1 is to be described schematically again . at first , the potential difference between the first and second bit lines blt and bln is determined depending on the state of a memory cell coupled to one of the bit lines and selected by a word line . then , the half power source voltage input portion hvc supplies a half power source voltage which is one - half of the power source voltage vcc to the source - drain coupling portion of the second and third transistors q 2 and q 3 . as a result , the second and third transistors q 2 and q 3 precharge the half power source voltage to the first and second bit lines blt and bln . as described above , the second and third transistors q 2 and q 3 operate as two precharge devices . then , the sense amplifier sa amplifies the difference between the voltage on the first and second bit lines blt and bln , and the half power source voltage to a predetermined reference voltage in accordance with a control signal from the outside . then , the equalize signal input portion eq supplies an equalize signal to the gate of the first , second , and third transistors q 1 , q 2 , and q 3 . as a result , the source and the drain are conducted in each of the first , second , and third transistors q 1 , q 2 , and q 3 , and the voltages of the first and second bit lines blt and bln become equal . in this case , while a similar effect can be obtained only by the second and third transistors q 2 and q 3 , when the first transistor is added , the state where the voltages of the first and second bit lines blt and bln become identical is attained more rapidly . thus , the first transistor q 1 operates as a balance device . according to this embodiment , the vertical size l 4 in fig4 is determined as below . l 4 = l 1 + wq 3 + lq 1 + l 2 where l 1 represents a gate protrusion length , wq 3 represents a gate width of the third transistor q 3 , lq 1 represents a gate length of the first transistor q 1 , and l 2 represents a minimum source - drain width with contact . the gate width wq 3 of the third transistor q 3 is equal with the gate width wq 2 of the second transistor q 2 , and the gate length lq 1 of the first transistor q 1 is equal with the gate length lq 2 and lq 3 of the second and third transistors q 2 and q 3 . that is , according to this embodiment , the vertical size l 4 in fig4 is shortened by so much as the gate protrusion length l 1 compared with the case of fig3 a or fig3 b described above . the gate protrusion length l 1 is indispensable so that the gates of the first to third transistors q 1 to q 3 are formed appropriately in the diffusion layer 1 , and this is a length not negligible compared with the size of the diffusion layer 11 . further , in a dynamic semiconductor memory device , etc ., the sense amplifier circuit containing the precharge / balance device q in fig4 is periodically arranged in the vertical direction of fig4 . accordingly , reduction of the size in the vertical direction in fig4 according to this embodiment can provide an outstanding effect as the entire semiconductor integrated circuit device . in general dynamic semiconductor memory devices , etc ., an identical equalize signal is supplied simultaneously to all of a plurality of sense amplifier circuits arranged along one side of a memory cell array . in such a case , when the layout in fig4 is arranged as one unit circuit in plurality in the lateral direction in fig4 , such unit circuits may be coupled in the lateral direction . that is , in a case of unit circuits adjacent in the right - to - left direction , the contact for the equalize signal input portion eq arranged to the right end of the unit circuit on the left may be coupled to the gate protrusion portion of the second transistor q 2 arranged to the left end of the unit circuit on the right . further , input wirings to the diffusion layer 11 for the respective blt and bln in fig4 shown by dotted lines are only the schematic expression and they may also be formed , for example , by wide input wirings having a width for several contacts . fig5 is a plan view showing a layout of a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the first embodiment of the invention . in the semiconductor integrated circuit device shown in fig5 , a precharge / balance device q according to the first embodiment of the invention that has been described with reference to fig4 is arranged and combined by the number of two in the right - to - left direction . in this embodiment , the precharge / balance device on the right has a layout identical with that in fig4 , while the precharge / balance device on the left has a layout mirror inverted left to right relative to the layout in fig4 . in the following description , the precharge / balance device on the left is referred to as a first precharge / balance device and the precharge / balance device on the right is referred to as a second precharge / balance device . constitutional elements of the first and second precharge / balance devices are to be described . the first precharge / balance device includes a first diffusion layer 11 , first , second , and third transistors q 1 , q 2 , and q 3 , a contact for a first bit line blt 0 , a contact for a second bit line blt 0 , a contact for an equalize signal input portion eq , and a contact for a half power source voltage input portion hvc . the second precharge / balance device includes a second diffusion layer 12 , fourth , fifth , and sixth transistors q 4 , q 5 , and q 6 , a contact for a third bit line blt 1 , a contact for a fourth bit line bln 1 , a contact for an equalize signal input portion eq , and a contact for a half power source voltage input portion hvc . description is to be made for the corresponding relation between each of the constituent elements in each of the first and second precharge / balance devices according to this embodiment shown in fig5 , and each of the constituent elements of the precharge / balance device according to the first embodiment of the invention shown in fig4 . the first and second diffusion layers 11 and 12 in fig5 correspond to the diffusion layer 11 in fig4 . the first and fourth transistors q 1 and q 4 in fig5 correspond to the first transistor q 1 in fig4 . the second and fifth transistors q 2 and q 5 in fig5 correspond to the second transistor q 2 in fig4 . the third and sixth transistors q 3 or q 6 in fig5 correspond to the third transistor q 3 in fig4 . the contacts for the first and third bit lines blt 0 and blt 1 in fig5 correspond to the contacts for the first bit line blt in fig4 . the contacts for the second and fourth bit lines bln 0 and bln 1 in fig5 correspond to the contact for the second bit line bln in fig4 . the contact for the equalize signal input portion eq in fig5 corresponds to the contact for the equalize signal input portion eq in fig4 . the contact for the half power source voltage input portion hvc in fig5 corresponds to the contact for the half power source voltage input portion hvc in fig4 . further , when more precharge / balance devices are arranged in the lateral direction in fig5 , the total number of the contacts for the equalize signal input portions eq can be sometimes decreased to one severalth of the number of the precharge / balance devices . as has been described also for the first embodiment of the invention , this is a case where a plurality of sense amplifiers arranged in one row along one side of the memory cell array have an identical equalize signal in common . in this case , the pitch in the direction of arranging a plurality of precharge / balance devices can be further decreased . alternatively , in a case where the lateral pitch in fig5 is fixed for the sake of the memory cell array , the gate width of the first and fourth transistors q 1 and q 4 that operate as the balance device can be further extended to also improve the performance of the balance device . since the relation of arrangement and the coupling relation of other constituent elements in each of the first and second precharge / balance devices in fig5 as well as the operation thereof are identical with those of the first embodiment of the invention , further detailed explanation is to be omitted . fig6 is a plan view showing a layout of a semiconductor integrated circuit device according to the first embodiment of the invention . for the first and second embodiments of the invention , while description has been made to the case of laterally arranging a plurality of diffusion layers , description is to be made for this embodiment to a case of vertically arranging a plurality of diffusion layers . the semiconductor integrated circuit device in fig6 includes a second diffusion layer 13 in addition to the precharge / balance device according to the first embodiment of the invention described with reference to fig4 . in a second diffusion layer 13 , a seventh transistor q 7 , a contact blt 2 for first bit line blt , and contacts bln 2 for a second bit line bln are formed . a contact blt 2 for the first bit lines blt is coupled to the first bit lines blt . a contact bln 2 for a second bit line bln is coupled to the second bit lines bln . the contacts for the first bit lines blt formed in the first and second diffusion layers 11 and 13 are coupled by way of wirings for the first bit line blt in the upper layer . in the same manner , the contacts for the second bit lines bln formed in the first and second diffusion layers 11 and 13 are coupled by way of wirings for the second bit line bln in the upper layer . that is , the seventh transistor q 7 can operate also as a sense amplifier sa or a portion thereof shown in the circuit diagram in fig1 . the semiconductor integrated circuit device in fig6 is hereinafter explained such that it corresponds to the entire sense amplifier shown in the circuit diagram in fig1 . the first and second diffusion layers 11 and 13 are arranged vertically in fig6 , and spaced apart by a predetermined distance . by arranging the gate protrusion portions of the third and seventh transistors q 3 and q 7 in a staggered pattern , the distance between the first and second diffusion layers 11 and 13 can be designed shorter than twice of the gate protrusion length l 1 . as described above , according to the layout of the semiconductor integrated circuit device of this embodiment , the vertical size in fig6 can be shortened further . since the relation of arrangement and the coupling relation of other constituent elements in the semiconductor integrated circuit device according in this embodiment , as well as the operation thereof are identical with those of the first embodiment of the invention , further detailed explanation is to be omitted . the respective features in each of the preferred embodiments described above can be optionally combined within a range not technically conflicting with each other . for example , a plurality of diffusion layers can be naturally laid out by arranging them in the lateral direction as described for the first and second embodiments , and also in the vertical direction as described in the third embodiment . further , in this case , the unit circuits according to the first to third embodiments may be partially or entirely invented vertically or laterally , or may be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise . while the description has been made mainly to the example of the sense amplifier circuit of the dynamic semiconductor memory device , the invention is applicable to any other semiconductor integrated circuit device and the embodiments described above do not restrict the invention . for example , the gate width of the first transistor q 1 may not always be longer than the gate width of the second and third transistors q 2 and q 3 . further , the gate width may not always be identical between the second and third transistors q 2 and q 3 .