text: referring to fig1 , a flexible material comprises a plurality of cubes 1 of a resilient closed - cell polyethylene foam , of side approximately 12 mm and with corners of radius approximately 2 . 5 mm , joined with a hot melt adhesive to a fabric substrate 2 . the cubes 1 are evenly arranged , each cube being spaced from adjacent cubes by approximately 2 mm . the fabric 2 is a resiliently stretchable knitted fabric , preferably one comprising polyester or elastane fibers . a margin of fabric 2 is provided around the periphery of the cubes 1 . along the edges of the fabric at opposite ends respectively there are strips 3 of velcro (™), only one of which is shown . referring to fig2 , a protective armband 4 is shown being worn on part of an arm 5 . the armband 4 is formed from a generally rectangular piece of material of the type shown in fig1 but which in this case comprises a fabric substrate 6 bonded to both sides thereof with a plurality of foam cubes 7 sandwiched therebetween . margins are provided at opposite ends respectively of the substrate 6 and a strip of velcro (™) 8 is fastened on this margin to enable opposite ends of the material to be fastened in an overlaying relationship to form a tube . by varying the degree of overlap of the ends , the tube can be closely fitted around arms of different sizes . the provision of a substrate layer 6 on both sides of the cubes 7 prevents the latter from separating too much as the material is curved around to form a tube . rather , the substrate 6 on the outside of the armband is forced to stretch and the edges of the cubes 7 at the inner side of the armband are compressed . the provision of a substrate layer on both sides of the material therefore enables the material to continue to provide good protection , even when tightly flexed . fig3 shows a plan view of a cutter used for manufacturing the material of fig1 . the cutter comprises blades defining a plurality of squares of 12 mm side with corners of radius 2 . 5 mm . fig4 to 6 are vertical cross - sectional views of apparatus at various stages respectively throughout the manufacture of the flexible material shown in fig1 . referring to these figures , one side of a 12 mm thick layer of closed cell polyethylene foam 10 is coated with a hot melt adhesive 11 . the foam 10 is then placed onto a cutter 12 , of the type shown in fig3 , and pressed down with a press 13 so that the cutter 12 cuts through the foam 10 to form a plurality of separate cubes . the press is then removed , whereupon owing to its resilient nature , the foam will tend to spring back slightly so that the exposed surface of each cube stands proud to lie above the surface of the cutter . excess material from between the elements is then removed . next , as shown in fig5 , a layer of fabric is placed over the foam and cutter 12 and a heated platen 15 is brought into contact with the fabric 14 . heat is conducted through the fabric 14 to the foam and activates the adhesive , bonding the fabric 14 to the foam 10 . in this arrangement , the cutter grid acts as a jig , holding the foam cubes in position whilst the fabric substrate 14 is applied thereto . then , as shown in fig6 , the fabric can be lifted away from the cutter taking the foam cubes 10 with it . in an alternative method , ejectors are disposed in the cutter grid to eject the elements , leaving any waste material behind in the cutters . if the foam 10 is to be cut into large pieces , in particular large irregularly shaped pieces such as may be suitable for use in an equestrian jacket , then these pieces may be assembled into a specially constructed jig to hold them into place before application of the fabric substrate 14 . as described above , the sheet of resilient foam from which the elements are cut will have hot - melt adhesive applied to one or both surfaces prior to the cutting process . in a further variation , the sheet of resilient material is cut into strips in a first direction using a plurality of rolling cutters . the sheet is cut in a second direction perpendicular to the first to form cubes . the cutters are then moved sideways to cut narrow strips of foam in both directions to space the cubes apart , the narrow strips of foam being stripped away to leave the cubes . fig7 shows another embodiment of flexible material similar to that shown in fig1 , but with a layer of fabric 16 bonded to each of opposite sides of the elements 17 . this embodiment may be produced in a similar way to that shown in fig1 except that opposite sides of the foam layer are coated with adhesive and , after the foam cubes bonded to a first layer of fabric have been removed from the cutter , a second layer of fabric is placed over the exposed surface of the elements and pressed with a heated platen to effect a bond . in other variations to the above methods , the hot - melt adhesive may be applied to the surface the substrate rather or in addition to the sides of the flexible material . alternatively or in addition , a hot - melt film can be interposed between the elements and the substrate . also , heated nip - rollers can be used in place of a heated platen to bond the elements to the substrate , particularly when substrate is bonded to both sides of the elements , which are thereby sandwiched therebetween . this facilitates passage of the material between the rollers prior to activation of the adhesive . flexible materials according to the invention are more convenient to produce and more flexible and versatile that known protective materials . they may also be used in a variety of applications including protective wear and clothing .