text: referring now specifically to the production of low - alcohol white or blush wines , grapes are crushed to form must , and a grape juice fraction is separated from the skins and seeds in a settling tank . to recover juice that cannot be obtained by gravity separation , the skins and seeds are pressed or squeezed in a wine press to recover the last portion of the juice . the recovered grape juice fraction may or may not be centrifuged or filtered at this point in the process to remove small solid particles . referring now to fig1 once the grape juice fraction is obtained from the must , it is then separated into a high - sugar fraction commonly called concentrate , and a low - sugar fraction which is called condensate . in addition to having only a trace of sugar , the condensate also includes many of the organic compounds from the grape juice fraction which contribute to the wine &# 39 ; s character and quality . any procedure known to those skilled in the art may be used to separate the grape juice into concentrate and condensate such as , for example , evaporation , freeze concentration , thin film evaporation under reduced pressure and reverse osmosis . preferably , the separation is carried out by an evaporation process and any type of evaporator equipment familiar to those skilled in the art may be used to make the separation . after the separation is complete , the condensate portion is blended with additional fresh grape juice to produce a mixture that contains less sugar , on a percent weight basis , than the original grape juice fraction obtained from the must . all material in the mixture , including the organic compounds from the grape juice fraction which contribute to the wine &# 39 ; s character and quality , is derived directly from the grape . there is no dilution of the grape juice fraction by adding water , as fig1 illustrates . in the case of red wine , the entire must is separated into concentrate and condensate . the condensate , containing only a trace of sugar , is then blended with fresh red must to produce a blended red must with less sugar , on a percent weight basis , than the original red must . as with the grape juice used to make a white wine or blush wine , many of the organic compounds which add to the wine &# 39 ; s character and quality found in the original must remain in the condensate , and all material in the blended must is derived directly from the grape . no water is added to the must for dilution . in an alternative method for making a low - alcohol red wine , the must is heated with the addition of so 2 to extract the red pigments from the grape skins . the must is then separated into a red grape juice fraction and pomace , and the grape juice fraction is processed in the same manner described above with regard to the method for making a low - alcohol blush or white wine . tables ii through vii show some of the unlimited number of blending possibilities for the production of white wine . of course , the same blending possibilities exist for the production of blush or red wines . the alcohol concentration reported in the tables is calculated from the gay - lussac equation . actual yields will be 90 to 95 percent of these values . it is possible to make just about any alcohol concentration desired . data in table iv and vii show it is possible to produce low - alcohol varietal wines , depending on the desired final alcohol concentration and the initial grape juice sugar concentration . a varietal wine , according to the united state &# 39 ; s regulation must contain at lest seventy - five ( 75 ) percent of the varietal grape to be labeled as a varietal wine . table ii assumes that 100 pounds of grape juice is made into concentrate at 0 . 695 weight fraction of sugar , and condensate at 0 . 0005 weight fraction of sugar is recovered in the fractionation process . the final sugar weight fraction in the blended grape juice is 0 . 08 . note : the pounds of wine made is less than the pounds of starting juice , due to carbon dioxide loss during the fermentation . table iii assumes that 100 pounds of grape juice is made into concentrate at 0 . 695 weight fraction of sugar , and condensate at 0 . 0005 weight fraction of sugar is recovered in the fractionation process . the final sugar weight fraction in the blended grape juice is 0 . 10 . note : the pounds of wine made is less than the pounds of starting juice , due to carbon dioxide loss during the fermentation . table iv assumes that 100 pounds of grape juice is made into concentrate at 0 . 695 weight fraction of sugar , and condensate at 0 . 0005 weight fraction of sugar is recovered in the fractionation process . the final sugar weight fraction in the blended grape juice is 0 . 13 . note : the pounds of wine made is less than the pounds of starting juice , due to carbon dioxide loss during fermentation . table v assumes that 100 pounds of grape juice is made into concentrate at 0 . 675 weight fraction of sugar , and condensate at 0 . 0003 weight fraction of sugar is recovered in the fractionation process . the final sugar weight fraction in the blended grape juice 0 . 07 . note : the pounds of wine made is less than the pounds of starting juice , due to carbon dioxide loss during the fermentation . table vi assumes that 100 pounds of grape juice is made into concentrate at 0 . 675 weight fraction of sugar , and condensate at 0 . 0004 weight fraction of sugar is recovered in the fractionation process . the final sugar weight fraction in the blended grape juice 0 . 10 . note : the pounds of wine made is less than the pounds of starting juice , due to carbon dioxide loss during the fermentation . table vii assumes that 100 pounds of grape juice is made into concentrate at 0 . 685 weight fraction of sugar , and condensate at 0 . 0004 weight fraction of sugar is recovered in the fractionation process . the final sugar weight fraction in the blended grape juice is 0 . 12 . note : the pounds of wine made is less than the pounds of starting juice , due to carbon dioxide loss during the fermentation . twenty - eight ( 28 ) liters of san joaquin valley white grape juice consisting of a mixture of grape varieties was used for a controlled test of the process . the twenty - eight ( 28 ) liters was divided into two lots . lot # 1 contained twelve ( 12 ) liters , and lot # 2 contained sixteen ( 16 ) liters . lot # 2 was used as the control . the laboratory analysis of both lots of juice shows : brix 20 . 2 , total acidity 0 . 72 gram / 100 ml , ph 3 . 43 , invert sugar weight fraction 0 . 2045 . the 12 liters ( lot # 1 ) of grape juice was blended with 4 liters of condensate ( the low - sugar grape juice fraction ). the condensate was obtained from a three stage , two effect grape juice evaporator . in this evaporator , fresh grape juice is fed into stage number one ( 1 ), and concentrated to about twenty - six ( 26 ) percent by weight invert sugar . the condensate is collected . the twenty - six ( 26 ) percent by weight material then goes to stage number two ( 2 ) where it is concentrated to about fifty - five ( 55 ) percent invert sugar . the condensate is collected . in stage number three ( 3 ), the grape juice reaches about sixty - seven ( 67 ) percent invert sugar . the condensate is collected . other grape juice evaporator designs can be used such as those manufactured by l & amp ; a process systems , inc . or gse corporation . a more complete technical discussion of evaporators can be found in “ chemical engineers &# 39 ; handbook ”, fifth edition , by perry and chilton , pages 11 - 27 through 11 - 38 . laboratory analysis on the resultant sixteen ( 16 ) liters of blended grape juice was 15 . 0 brix , and 0 . 152 weight fraction of invert sugar . this blended grape juice will be referred to as lot # 3 . lot # 2 and lot # 3 were inoculated with yeast culture , and fermented into wine at 55 degrees fahrenheit . upon completion of the fermentation process , the wines were finished and filtered using commonly accepted wine - making practices as approved by the batf . the resultant wine analysis is shown in table viii . this procedure resulted in the production of a high quality light wine with less alcohol and calories than the control wine . a panel of experienced tasters evaluated the wines . this panel found that lot # 2 wine and lot # 3 wine to have very similar sensory characteristics . twenty - six and one - half ( 26 . 5 ) liters of san benito county chardonnay grape juice was used for a controlled test of the process . the twenty - six and one - half ( 26 . 5 ) liters was divided into two lots . lot # 4 contained ten and one - half ( 10 . 5 ) liters , and lot # 5 contained sixteen ( 16 ) liters . lot # 5 was used as the control . the laboratory analysis of both lots of juice showed : brix 22 . 8 , total acidity 0 . 83 gram / 100 ml , ph o 3 . 56 , invert sugar weight fraction 0 . 231 . the ten and one - half ( 10 . 5 ) liters of grape juice ( lot # 4 ) was blended with five and one - half ( 5 . 5 ) liters of condensate ( the low - sugar grape juice fraction ). the condensate was obtained from a three stage , two effect grape juice evaporator . in this evaporator , fresh grape juice is feed into stage number one ( 1 ), and concentrated to about twenty - six ( 26 ) percent by weight invert sugar . the condensate is collected . the twenty - six ( 26 ) percent by weight material then goes to stage number two ( 2 ) where it is concentrated to about fifty - five ( 55 ) percent invert sugar . the condensate is collected . in stage number three ( 3 ), the grape juice reaches about sixty - seven ( 67 ) percent invert sugar . the condensate is collected . laboratory analysis on the resultant sixteen ( 16 ) liters of blended grape juice was 15 . 0 brix , and 0 . 152 weight fraction to invert sugar . this blended grape juice will be refereed to as lot # 6 . lot # 5 and lot # 6 were inoculated with yeast culture , and fermented into wine at 55 degrees fahrenheit . upon completion of the fermentation process , the wines were finished and filtered using commonly accepted wine - making practices as approved by the batf . the resultant wine analysis is shown in table ix . this procedure resulted in the production of a high quality light wine with less alcohol and calories than the control wine . a panel of experienced tasters evaluated the wines . this panel found that lot # 5 wine and lot # 6 wine to have very similar sensory characteristics . twenty - three and one - half ( 23 . 5 ) liters of monterey county cabernet sauvignon grape must was used for a controlled test of the process . the purpose of example number 3 is to demonstrate that the process will make a light red wine . the twenty - three and one - half ( 23 . 5 ) liters was divided into two lots . lot # 7 contained nine and one - half ( 9 . 5 ) liters , and lot # 8 contained fourteen ( 14 ) liters . lot # 8 was used as the control . the laboratory analysis of both lots of must showed : brix 20 . 6 , total acidity 0 . 74 gram / 100 ml , ph 3 . 63 , invert sugar weight fraction 0 . 208 . the nine and one - half ( 9 . 5 ) liters of red must ( lot # 7 ) was blended with four and one - half ( 4 . 5 ) liters of condensate ( the low - sugar red must fraction ). the condensate was obtained in exactly the same way as stated in examples number 1 and 2 . laboratory analysis on the resultant fourteen ( 14 ) liters of blended red must was 14 . 0 brix , and 0 . 142 weight fraction of invert sugar . this blended red must will be referred to as lot # 9 . lot # 8 and lot # 9 were inoculated with yeast culture , and fermented into wine at 70 degrees fahrenheit . twice daily during the course of fermentation , the cap of the grape skins was thoroughly mixed with the fermenting wine to promote color and flavor extraction . upon completion of the fermentation process , the wines were finished and filtered using commonly accepted wine - making practices as approved by the batf . the resultant wine analysis is shown in table x . this procedure resulted in the production of a light wine with less alcohol and calories than the control wine . reconstituted white grape juice was used in a controlled test to demonstrate that “ freeze concentration ” could be utilized to separate the grape juice into a low and high - sugar fraction . “ freeze concentration ” is also referred to as “ crystallization ”, and a more complete technical discussion can be found in “ chemical engineers &# 39 ; handbook ”, fifth edition , by perry and chilton , pages 17 - 18 through 17 - 25 . to get white grape juice from concentrate , four ( 4 . 0 ) liters of white grape juice concentrate was diluted with water to produce sixteen ( 16 ) liters of white grape juice . the laboratory analysis of the sixteen ( 16 ) liters of resultant juice showed : brix 22 . 3 , total acidity 0 . 50 gram / 100 ml , ph 3 . 86 , and invert sugar weight fraction of 0 . 226 . the sixteen ( 16 . 0 ) liters was divided into two lots . lot # 10 contained eight and one - half ( 8 . 5 ) liters of grape juice , and lot # 11 contained seven and one - half ( 7 . 5 ) liters . lot # 10 was used as the control . the seven and one - half ( 7 . 5 ) liters of grape juice ( lot # 11 ) was placed in a freezer overnight , and frozen . it was then allowed to thaw at room temperature , and during the thawing process seven ( 7 ) aliquot of liquid grape juice were recovered . the first three ( 3 ) lots recovered were blended to produce a single lot of three and one - tenth ( 3 . 1 ) liters of the low - sugar grape juice . this lot is identified as lot # 12 . laboratory analysis on the resultant three and one - tenth ( 3 . 1 ) liters of blended grape juice ( lot # 12 ) was 13 . 8 brix , total acidity 0 . 30 gram / 100 ml , ph 3 . 90 , and 0 . 140 weight fraction of invert sugar . one ( 1 ) liter of lot # 10 and lot 12 were inoculated with yeast culture , and fermented into wine at 55 degrees fahrenheit . upon completion of the fermentation process , the wines were finished and filtered using commonly accepted wine - making practices as approved by the batf . the resultant wine analysis is shown in table xi . this procedure resulted in the production of light wine with less alcohol and calories than the control wine . while preferred embodiments have been shown and described , various modifications and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention . accordingly , it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of example and not by limitation .