text: fig3 a and 3b show a transmission and receiving system 400 according to one embodiment of the invention . in particular , fig3 a shows a transmission system 410 at a first location which communicates with a receiving system 420 at a second location via satellite 20 . throughout this discussion , embodiments of the invention will be described with respect to transmitting audio / video information , it being understood that the invention will transmit any type of analog or digital information such as digital data files , sensor signals ( analog or digital ), etc . transmission system 410 includes an interface unit 430 which receives an analog audio signal and an analog video signal which will be referred to here as an analog audio / video signal and transforms the video portion of the analog audio / video signal into a digital red , green , blue ( rgb ) signal . the audio / video signal can come from a camera or a video tape recorder ( vtr ) neither of which is shown in the figure . interface unit 430 demodulates the audio / video signal which is either ntsc , pal , or secam signal and outputs the digital rgb signal . the digital rgb signal output from interface unit 430 is then received by a transmit signal processor 440 which compresses the digital rgb signal into an asynchronous compressed signal and stores that asynchronous compressed signal on a hard disk 440a . transmit signal processor 440 can then output the asynchronous compressed signal at high speeds using a high speed modem ( not shown ). the asynchronous compressed signal is in turn received by a signal converter 450t which includes a protocol converter 454t and a level translation unit 458t . protocol converter 454t receives the asynchronous compressed signal and converts that signal to a synchronous compressed signal . the synchronous compressed signal is then input to level translation unit 458t which swaps wires and translates the synchronous compressed signal voltage levels into a level translated synchronous compressed signal which is received by a microwave transmitter 460t . microwave transmitter 460t includes a modulator which modulates the synchronous compressed signal onto a modulated l - band microwave signal . microwave transmitter 460t then transmits the modulated l - band microwave signal to satellite 20 ( which can include one or more earth stations ) which receives the l - band microwave signal and transmits that signal to receiving system 420 . in particular , microwave transmitter 460t includes an l - band microwave generator 460a , a satellite dish 460b and a microwave modulator 460c . satellite modem 459 monitors the transmission of the modulated microwave signal from microwave transmitter 460t to receiving system 420 . in particular , satellite modem 459 performs handshaking with receiving system 420 at the beginning of transmission and continues to monitor the transmission to determine whether receiving system 420 is being sent the correct signal . receiving system 420 includes a microwave receiver 470 which receives the modulated microwave signal and demodulates that signal . satellite modem 472 performs handshaking with transmission system 410 in a manner similar to satellite modem 459 . microwave receiver 470 includes a microwave demodulator 470c and a microwave dish 470b . a receive signal converter 450r which includes a level translation unit 458r and a protocol converter 454r is similar to signal converter 450t with corresponding level translation unit 458t and protocol converter 454t , respectively . signal converter 450r operates like signal converter 450t used in the reverse direction . namely , level translation unit 458r receives a level translated demodulated signal and translates the level of that signal back down to asynchronous ( rs - 232 ) signal which can be received by protocol converter 454r and converted to an asynchronous compressed signal . this asynchronous compressed signal is then received by receive signal processor 460 which decompresses it and stores it on a hard disk 460a &# 39 ;. if the decompression of the asynchronous compressed signal received by receive signal processor 460 is the inverse of the compression which the digital rgb signal underwent in transmit signal processor 440 , receive signal processor 460 outputs that same digital rgb signal . consequently , the digital signal at the first location is available at the second location . a scan converter 464 can receive this digital signal and drive a studio monitor 472 via bus 468 . fig4 a and 4b show a transmission system and digital receiving system 500 according to another embodiment of the invention . those elements in system 500 which are also used in transmission and receiving system 400 will be given the same reference numerals . transmission system 410 is identical to system 410 in system 400 of fig3 a . however , instead of receiving microwave signals from satellite 20 via microwave receiver 470 as in fig3 a , a digital receiving system 510 receives digital data from a digital high speed data ( dhsd ) link 514 available from a phone company . receiving system 510 includes a signal converter 550r followed by receive signal processor 460 . signal converter 550r includes level translation unit 558r followed by protocol converter 454r . the microwave signal modulated with compressed digital data is received by a satellite dish ( here considered to be part of dhsd link 514 ) and in turn demodulated to yield a demodulated high speed digital ( hsd ) signal on dhsd line 516 . dhsd link 514 includes satellite , fiber optic and hard wire links . signal converter 550r receives the digital signal at level translation unit 558r which translates its voltage level for transmission on serial line 456r as a synchronous compressed signal . protocol converter 454r receives and transforms the synchronous compressed signal into an asynchronous , compressed signal for transmission on bus 446 . receive signal processor 460 in turn receives and decompresses the asynchronous , compressed signal into a digital rgb signal ready to be received and converted by scan converter 464 via line 462 for display via bus 468 on monitor ( or vtr ) 472 . fig5 a shows an alternative way in which transmission system 410 and receiving system 420 can communicate with each other by using a patch unit 580 . fig5 b shows a more detailed view of patch unit 580 . referring to fig5 a , transmission system 410 outputs a microwave signal with a digitized and compressed video clip modulated onto the microwave signal . satellite 20 receives the microwave signal from transmission system 410 and downlinks the microwave signal to a transmitting dhsd link 514t identical to dhsd link 514 of fig4 a . transmitting dhsd link 514t receives the microwave signal via a satellite ( not shown ), transforms that signal into an hsd signal and transmits that hsd signal to patch unit 580 via line 586t . patch unit 580 then routes that signal to a receiving line 586r . receiving dhsd link 514r receives the hsd signal , transforms that signal into a microwave signal and transmits that microwave signal back to satellite 20 . satellite 20 receives that microwave signal and transmits it to receiving system 420 which receives it and eventually outputs a digital rgb signal . fig5 b shows a more detailed view of patch unit 580 . patch unit 580 includes a dcu / dte conversion unit 510t connected to a null modem 512 followed by a dcu / dte conversion unit 510r . line 586t transmits the hsd signal output from dhsd transmission link to dcu / dte converter 510t and outputs a digital signal on a v . 35 pin bus 521t to null modem 512 . null modem 512 is wired so that both dcu / dte converters 510t and 510r operate as if they are connected to a regular dcu modem . null modem 512 outputs the digital signal on v . 35 pin bus 521r to dcu / dte converter 510r which receives it and outputs the digital signal via 586r to dhsd link 514r for eventual transmission to satellite 20 . fig6 a and 6b show a teleconference system 600 according to another embodiment of the invention . in particular , teleconference system 600 includes a first teleconference station 610f at a first location and an identical second teleconference station 610s at a second location . first and second teleconference stations 610f and 610s have first and second demodulation / converting units 630f and 630s , first and second signal processing units 640f and 640s , first and second satellite modems 650f and 650s and microwave transmitter / receivers 660f and 660s , respectively . first and second microwave transmitter / receivers 660f and 660s include l - band microwave generators 660fa and 660sa , satellite dishes 660fb and 660sb and microwave modulator 660fc and 660sc , respectively . first and second demodulation / converting units 630f and 630s include first and second video demodulation units 631f and 631s , first and second encoding units 633f and 633s and first and second scan down converters 635f and 635s , respectively . also , first and second signal processing units 640f and 640s include first and second encoding / compression units 641f and 641s , as well as first and second decoding / decompression units 643f and 643s , respectively . first demodulation / converting unit 630f together with first signal processing unit 640f make up a first two - way digital video processor 645f . similarly , second demodulation / converting unit 630s together with second signal processing unit 640s make up a second two - way digital video processor 645s . the teleconference system operates to send a first audio / video signal from a first camera ( not shown ) to be displayed by second monitor 670s at second teleconference station 610s while simultaneously sending a second audio / video signal from a second camera ( not shown ) at second teleconference station 610s to be displayed by first monitor 670f at first teleconference station 610f . each of these processes is described below . a first analog audio / video signal is sent from first teleconference station 610f to second teleconference station 610s as follows . the first analog audio / video signal output from a first camera ( not shown ) at the first location is input to first video demodulation unit 631f . first video demodulation unit 631f then demodulates and digitizes the first analog audio / video signal and outputs a resulting first digital signal . the first digital signal is then input to first encoding / compression unit 641f which can compensate for a high degree of motion , thereby providing smoother , sharper , &# 34 ; non - pixelized &# 34 ; or jittering pictures . first encoding / compression unit 641f in turn encodes and compresses the first digital signal and outputs a first compressed , encoded signal . the first compressed , encoded signal is then received by first microwave transmitter / receiver 660f , which in turn modulates a first microwave signal with the first compressed , encoded signal and transmits a resulting first modulated microwave signal to satellite 20 . satellite 20 receives the first modulated microwave signal and outputs a downlinking modulated microwave signal having the first compressed , encoded signal modulated thereon . second microwave transmitter / receiver 660s in second teleconference station 610s receives and demodulates this downlinking modulated signal into the first compressed , encoded signal . second satellite modem 650s monitors second transmitter / receiver 660s to insure that the signal output from second microwave transmitter / receiver 660s is the same as the first compressed , encoded signal which was earlier output from first signal processing unit 640f . second transmitter / receiver 660s outputs the first compressed , encoded signal to second decoding / decompression unit 643s in second signal processing unit 640s . second decoding / decompression unit 643s demodulates and decompresses the first encoded , compressed signal into the first digital signal which is the same as the first digital signal output from first demodulation / converting unit 630f in first teleconference station 610f . this first digital signal is then received by second encoding unit 633s of second demodulation / converting unit 630s to be encoded into ntsc or pal protocol for viewing on a television set ( not shown ). alternatively , the first digital signal is received by second scan down converter 635s of second demodulation / converting unit 630s which outputs a display signal to be viewed on second studio monitor 670s . a second analog audio / video signal is sent from second teleconference station 610s to first teleconference station 610f as follows . the second analog audio / video signal is output from a second camera ( not shown ) at the second location and input to second video demodulation unit 631s . second video demodulation unit 631s then demodulates and digitizes the second analog audio / video signal and outputs a resulting second digital signal . the second digital signal is then input to second encoding / compression unit 641s of second signal processing unit 640s . second encoding / compression unit 641s in turn encodes and compresses the second digital signal and outputs a second compressed , encoded signal . the second compressed , encoded signal is then received by second microwave transmitter / receiver 660s , which in turn modulates a second microwave signal with the second compressed , encoded signal and transmits a resulting second modulated microwave signal to satellite 20 . satellite 20 receives the second modulated microwave signal and outputs a downlinking modulated microwave signal having the second compressed , encoded signal modulated thereon . first microwave transmitter / receiver 660f in first teleconference station 610f receives and demodulates this downlinling modulated signal into the second compressed , encoded signal . first satellite modem 650f monitors first transmitter / receiver 660f to insure that the signal output from first microwave transmitter / receiver 660f is the same as the second compressed , encoded signal which was earlier output from second signal processing unit 640s . first transmitter / receiver 660f outputs the second compressed , encoded signal to first decoding / decompression unit 643f in first signal processing unit 640f . first decoding / decompression unit 643f demodulates and decompresses the second encoded , compressed signal into the second digital signal which is the same as the second digital signal output from second demodulation / converting unit 630s in second teleconference station 610s . this second digital signal is then received by first encoding unit 633f of first demodulation / converting unit 630f to be encoded into ntsc or pal protocol for viewing on a television set ( not shown ). alternatively , the second digital signal is received by first scan down converter 635f of first demodulation / converting unit 630f which outputs a display signal to be viewed on first studio monitor 670f . fig7 a and 7b show a teleconference system 700 according to another embodiment of the invention . teleconference system 700 includes teleconference station 710 at a first location and an hsd teleconference station 720 at a second location . teleconference station 710 is identical to first or second teleconference station 610f or 610s of teleconference system 600 in fig6 a . in particular , teleconference station 710 has a first two - way digital video processor 745f together with first satellite modem 750f and first microwave transmitter / receiver 760f which are identical to first two - way digital video processor 645f , first satellite modem 650f and first microwave transmitter / receiver 660f of fig6 a , respectively . also , first two - way digital video processor 745f includes a first demodulation / converting unit 730f and a first signal processing unit 740f identical to first demodulation / converting unit 630f and first signal processing unit 640f of fig6 a , respectively . similarly , first demodulation / converting unit 730f includes a first video demodulation unit 731f , first encoding unit 733f and first scan down converter 735f which are identical to first video demodulation unit 631f , first encoding unit 633f and first scan down converter 635f , respectively of fig6 a . finally , first signal processing unit 740f includes first encoding / compression unit 741f , as well as first decoding decompression unit 743f which are identical to first encoding / compression unit 641f , as well as first decoding / decompression unit 643f , respectively of fig6 a . hsd teleconference station 720 is connected to a digital high speed data ( dhsd ) link 714 via two hsd lines 716a and 716b . hsd teleconference station 720 includes a second demodulation / converting unit 730s and a second signal processing unit 740s . second demodulation / converting unit 730s includes a second video demodulation unit 731s , second encoding unit 733s and second scan down converter 735s . second signal processing unit 740s includes second encoding / compression unit 741s and second decoding / decompression unit 743s . teleconference system 700 operates as follows . teleconference station 710 is the same as first teleconference station 610f described above . namely , a first audio / video signal is received , processed and transmitted from teleconference station 710 to satellite 20 the same way that the first audio / video signal was received , processed and transmitted from first teleconference station 610f . also , a downlinked microwave signal is received , processed and output by teleconference station 710 to monitor 770f ( or a television or vtr ) the same way that the downlinked microwave signal was received , processed and output by first teleconference station 610f to monitor 670f . at hsd teleconference station 720 , a second analog audio / video signal from a second camera ( not shown ) is input to second video demodulation unit 731s . second video demodulation unit 731s then demodulates and digitizes the second analog audio / video signal and outputs a resulting second digital signal . the second digital signal is then input to second encoding / compression unit 741s of second signal processing unit 740s . second encoding / compression unit 741s in turn compresses and encodes the second digital signal and outputs a second compressed , encoded signal which is sent via hsd line 716a to dhsd link 714 ( which is the same as dhsd link 514 discussed with reference to fig4 a ) to be transmitted to satellite 20 and downlinked to teleconference station 710 as described above . satellite 20 downlinks a downlink microwave signal with the first encoded compressed signal modulated thereon to dhsd link 714 which receives and demodulates it and outputs the first compressed , encoded signal as a first demodulated high speed digital ( hsd ) signal on dhsd line 716b . hsd teleconference station 720 then receives the first hsd signal and eventually outputs an analog rgb signal to second studio monitor 770s or outputs an audio / video signal to a television ( not shown ) in a manner identical to second two - way digital video processor 645s . fig8 shows a high speed ( 128 kbps ) teleconference system 800 which includes a first high speed teleconference station 810f and a second high speed teleconference station 810s . first high speed teleconference station 810f has a first interface unit 830f , a first decoding / decompression unit 841f , a first encoding / compressing unit 843f , a first multiplexer 851f , two first protocol converters 855fa and 855fb , two first satellite modem ( demodulators ) 850fa and 850fb , two first microwave transmitter / receivers 860fa and 860fb , a first microwave combiner / splitter 863f and a first microwave dish 870f . second high speed teleconference station 810s has a second interface unit 830s , a second decoding / decompressing unit 841s , a second encoding / compressing unit 843s , a second multiplexer 851s , two second protocol converters 855sa and 855sb , two second satellite modem demodulators 850sa and 850sb , two second microwave transmitter / receivers 860sa and 860sb , a second microwave combiner / splitter 863s and a second microwave dish 870s . teleconference system 800 operates as follows . first high speed teleconference station 810f operates as both a transmitting and receiving station . as a transmitting station , first high speed teleconference station 810f receives a first audio / video signal from a camera ( not shown ) at a first interface unit 830f which digitizes that signal to yield a first digital signal . first signal encoding / compression unit 843f receives the first digital signal and encodes and compresses it to yield a first compressed encoded signal which is asynchronous . first multiplexer 851f ( used in reverse and hence serving as a demultiplexer ) receives the first compressed encoded signal and splits it into first compressed encoded signals a and b which in turn are received by first protocol converters 855fa and 855fb , respectively . first protocol converters 855fa and 855fb output first synchronous signals a and b to first microwave transmitter / receivers 860fa and 860fb , respectively . first microwave transmitter / receivers 860fa and 860fb output modulated microwave signals a and b which are combined by first combiner / splitter 863f and then output to first microwave dish 870f as first modulated microwave signal a / b . first satellite modem demodulators 850fa and 850fb insure that the signals output from first microwave transmitter / receiver 860fa and 860fb are the same as the signals received by second microwave transmitter / receivers 860sa and 860sb , respectively . second high speed teleconference station 810s operates in an analogous manner when transmitting a second modulated microwave signal a / b to be received by first high speed teleconference station 810f . as a receiving station , first satellite dish 870f of first high speed teleconference station 810f receives a second modulated microwave signal a / b which is split ( since they are traveling right to left in fig8 ) by first combiner / splitter 863f . first microwave transmitter / receivers 860fa and 860fb receive second modulated microwave signals a and b and demodulate these second modulated microwave signals a and b to yield resulting second synchronous signals a and b , respectively . first protocol converters 855fa and 855fb in turn output second compressed encoded signals a and b which are combined by first multiplexer 851f to yield a second compressed encoded signal . first decoding / decompression unit 841f decompresses and decodes the second compressed encoded signal and outputs a second audio / video signal which can be viewed on a television monitor ( not shown ). second high speed teleconference station 810s operates in an analogous manner when receiving the first modulated microwave signal a / b from first high speed teleconference station 810f . fig9 shows a high speed teleconference system 900 with a high speed teleconference station 910 which is analogous to first high speed teleconference station 810f as in fig8 but with a second high speed teleconference station 920 according to another embodiment of the invention . those elements in fig9 common to fig8 have been given similar reference numbers . for example , high speed teleconference station 910 is the same as first high speed teleconference station 810f in fig8 . hsd teleconference station 920 has a second interface unit 930s , a second signal decoding / decompression unit 941s , a second signal encoding / compression unit 943s , two second protocol converters 955sa and 955sb and ccit 261 units 925a and 925b . as can be seen however , hsd teleconference station 920 does not have second satellite modem demodulators 850sa and 850sb , second microwave transmitter / receivers 860sa and 860sb , a second microwave combiner / splitter 863s or a second microwave dish 870s as shown in second high speed teleconference station 810s of fig8 . instead , hsd teleconference station 920 is coupled to an hsd link 914 similar to hsd links 514 and 714 in fig4 a and 7a , respectively . a line doubler and enhancer can be used to enhance a resulting &# 34 ; soft &# 34 ; picture signal output from second interface unit 930s . this signal can be passed on to a multi - scan ( high density television capable ) monitor ( not shown ). hsd teleconference station 920 operates in the same manner as second high speed teleconference station 810s in transmitting second synchronous signals a and b from second protocol converters 855sa and 855sb and in receiving first synchronous signal a and b from first high speed teleconference station 810f . here , however , ccit units 925a and 925b each receives a 64 bps hsd signal from hsd link 914 . ccit units 925a and 925b in turn output the first synchronous signals a and b to two second protocol converters 955sa and 955sb , respectively . various embodiments of the invention have been repeatedly tested at comsat headquarters at 810 l &# 39 ; enfant plaza , washington , d . c ., using the following equipment . a digitalfilm break out box made by supermac can be used to break down composite video to component video i . e ., rgb signals , and consequently can serve as video demodulation units 631f , 631s , 731f and 731s . an emotia converter can be used to down convert from high frequency computer display domain to analog studio rgb domain and consequently can serve as scan down converters 464 , 635f , 635s , 735f and 735s . an ntl encoder takes an rgb computer domain signal and converts to lowest common denominator monitoring and / or recording , i . e ., composite video , and consequently can serve as encoding units 633f , 633s , 733f and 733s . motion j - peg or am - peg compression chips by c - cubed used with a supermac and macintosh hardware / software package and a 2 gigabyte dual array hard disk drive provides visually lossless high compression ratios for unmanaged full motion video and consequently can serve as transmit signal processor 440 and receive signal processor 460 . as data enters from the computer domain to the rf communication architecture in the real world , the status of the data must be changed from asynchronous data to synchronous data and the electrical properties of connector pins associated with the transport of the signal must be changed accordingly . both am - peg and j - peg compression require level translation . however , j - peg also requires state conversion of data between asynchronous and synchronous conversion , whereas am - peg data although asynchronous , is easily modified to become synchronous . black box model asi - iv protocol converter changes asynchronous data terminal equipment ( dte ) to communicate over a synchronous communication line . this converter allows asynchronous devices like terminals , pcs , and midrange computers to communicate using synchronous modems or multiplexers and consequently can serve as protocol converter 454t , 454r . rs - 232 to v . 35 interface converter by black box provides bi - directional conversion of all commonly used v . 35 ( synchronous world ) and rs - 232 ( asynchronous world ) equipment . the unit is designed for use as one port configured as dte and the other port as dce and consequently can serve as interface units 430 , 830f , 830s , 930f and 930s . also , black box asi - iv protocol converter together with rs - 232 to v . 35 interface converter can serve as signal converters 450t , 855fa , 855fb , 855sa , 855sb , 955fa , 955fb , 955sa and 955sb . tcs - 9700 by mobile telesystems , inc . in its full duplex high speed data configuration can serve as microwave transmitter 460t , microwave receiver 470 , microwave transmitter / receivers 660f , 660s , 760s , 860fa , 860fb , 860sa , 860sb . the tcs - 9700 includes a transmit modem for modulating a microwave signal to provide an uplink data stream . comsat owns and operates earth stations for international l - band based satellite communications and inmarsat owns and operates a string of satellites circling the earth which provides on demand high speed data channels for registered users . these channels are charged to a user on a time basis much like telephone lines for telephones . comsat and inmarsat provide a duplex high speed data microwave channel which requires a demodulator to effectuate a handshake and quality control ( feedback ). a comstream model 701 satellite modem completes the duplex architecture by acting as a demodulator and consequently can serve as satellite modems 459 , 472 , 650f , 650s , 750f , 850fa , 850fb , 850sa , 850sb , 950fa and 950fb . a compression labs inc . ( cli ) device model eclipse compresses and decompresses low and medium motion managed video with motion interpolation buffering to give a naturalness to motion and speech indistinguishable from real life and consequently can serve as ccit units 925a , 925b . this results in a &# 34 ; soft &# 34 ; picture which can be &# 34 ; sharpened &# 34 ; or enhanced by line doubling . national transcommunications labs pal / ntsc to hdtv converter provides line doubling to create added detail and consequently can serve as line doubling and enhancer . the signal output from line doubling and enhancer can be passed on to a multi - scan ( high density television capable ) monitor . null modem 512 swaps wires so that &# 34 ; send &# 34 ; goes to &# 34 ; receive &# 34 ; and &# 34 ; receive &# 34 ; goes to &# 34 ; send &# 34 ; to allow transparent full duplex communications . any standard null modem can accomplish this . dcu / dte units 510r , 510t are provided by the telephone company in the region in which patch unit 580 is located . &# 34 ; digital film , professional video editing studio in a box &# 34 ; user manual , supermac technology , inc ., 1992 , is incorporated herein by reference . &# 34 ; macintosh user &# 39 ; s guide , for desktop macintosh computers ,&# 34 ; apple computer , inc ., 1992 , is incorporated herein by reference . &# 34 ; adobe premiere , user guide ,&# 34 ; adobe systems , inc ., 1992 , is incorporated herein by reference . &# 34 ; asi - iv ,&# 34 ; january 1992 , ic556a and ic556ae is incorporated herein by reference . &# 34 ; rs - 232 v . 35 interface converter ,&# 34 ; ic221a - r2 , by black box corporation , august 1992 , is incorporated herein by reference . &# 34 ; model tcs - 9700 transportable communications system , operator &# 39 ; s manual &# 34 ; by mobile telesystems , inc ., document 203890b , dec . 24th , 1992 , is incorporated herein by reference . chapter 2 of &# 34 ; cm701 psk digital modem operator &# 39 ; s manual ,&# 34 ; by comstream is incorporated herein by reference . fig1 a shows a suitcase 1001 having a length l , width w and height h for housing any one of the embodiments described above and fig1 b shows suitcase 1001 with an opened fabric microwave umbrella dish 1002 . in particular , fig1 a shows suitcase 1001 having a bottom portion 1004 , a lid 1006 and a handle 1008 . the length l , width w and height h of suitcase 1001 housing the above embodiments has been made smaller than 25 by 24 . 5 and 16 inches , respectively . suitcase 1001 is light enough that a person of average strength can easily carry it by handle 1008 . that is , all of the above embodiments can be housed in suitcase 1001 and consequently are portable . fig1 b shows suitcase 1001 with opened umbrella dish 1002 . microwave umbrella dish 1002 has a diameter of about 1 . 2 meters when opened . fig1 b shows umbrella dish 1008 to be slanted at an elevation angle e and ready to transmit and / or receive microwave signals . numerous and additional modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings . it is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims , the invention may be practiced otherwise as specifically claimed .