On ssh connection the auth.log shows as source IP the external IP of the server instead of the IP of the client

I have a very odd situation with my ssh connection. Every time I connect to my server, whatever is my external ip, the connection have as source the server's external ip. Example                     Server S.O.:  PCLinuxOS         Client ip:    [C.C.C.C]         Server ip:    [S.S.S.S]      After ssh successful connection, I execute the "last" command and I get this:               username pts/0        [S.S.S.S]   Wed Jan 29 19:29   still logged in      This is the result of netstat searching for port 22:               $ netstat -atn | egrep '(:22)'     tcp        0     96 192.168.1.34:22            [S.S.S.S]:31685        ESTABLISHED      **I can't find the client ip [C.C.C.C] anywhere.** I wouldn't have any particular issue on this, but now comes the best part. I found an attack on my server inside the auth.log:               Jan 27 12:55:42 localhost sshd[2295]: Invalid user a from [S.S.S.S]     Jan 27 12:55:42 localhost sshd[2295]: input_userauth_request: invalid user a [preauth]     Jan 27 12:55:42 localhost sshd[2299]: Invalid user a from [S.S.S.S]     Jan 27 12:55:42 localhost sshd[2299]: input_userauth_request: invalid user a [preauth]     Jan 27 13:49:58 localhost sshd[17917]: Invalid user jack from [S.S.S.S]     Jan 27 13:49:58 localhost sshd[17917]: input_userauth_request: invalid user jack [preauth]     Jan 27 13:50:07 localhost sshd[17923]: Invalid user ibsadmin from [S.S.S.S]     Jan 27 13:50:07 localhost sshd[17923]: input_userauth_request: invalid user ibsadmin [preauth]      After this attack the result is that my fail2ban daemon will insert the server IP [S.S.S.S] on the banned list and I can't connect to my server anymore. The server is behind a router with a NAT port forwarding on ssh port. The issue is not present when I connect to the server from inside my LAN, the correct IP is showed in this case. This is my sshd_config file:               AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES     AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL     AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT     AuthorizedKeysFile      .ssh/authorized_keys     ChallengeResponseAuthentication no     ClientAliveInterval 60     HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key     HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key     HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key     IgnoreRhosts yes     KeyRegenerationInterval 1h     LoginGraceTime 30     MaxAuthTries 2     MaxSessions 4     MaxStartups 10:30:60     PasswordAuthentication no     PermitEmptyPasswords no     PermitRootLogin no     Port 22     PubkeyAuthentication yes     RSAAuthentication yes     StrictModes yes     Subsystem       sftp    /usr/lib64/ssh/sftp-server     TCPKeepAlive yes     UseDNS  no     UsePAM no     UsePrivilegeSeparation yes     X11Forwarding yes      I know for sure that I didn't had this issue one month ago, but I can't figure out what is changed. EDIT: This is the result of iptables -L command:               $ iptables -L     Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)     target     prot opt source               destination     fail2ban-SSH  tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:ssh          Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)     target     prot opt source               destination          Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)     target     prot opt source               destination          Chain fail2ban-SSH (1 references)     target     prot opt source               destination     RETURN     all  --  anywhere             anywhere


Learning to Use Virtual Manager in opensuse 12.2

Ok just installed virt-manager, and then install opensuse 12.2, installed correctly, but when do zypper up had no network, then turn off the virtual machine and change the network card to a vlan in the configuation files. Another thing I did as I was was to rename the vm. When I reboot I got the following error: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Tn8OZ.png) I'm totally a noob with kvm and virt-manager. So any thing that you can tell me about this and adding some extra info. would be great, thanks!


Overclocking tools in Linux

I am trying to overclock my machine. All the changes are made on the BIOS level, but then one needs to check all the temperatures, voltages, etc and test the stability of the overclock. Most tutorials (if not all) are written for Windows. What would be Linux alternatives for: **CPU-Z** : to display all the CPU information, including Core Speed, Core Voltage, current multiplier, etc. **HWMonitor** : check fan speed and core temperatures **Prime95** : stress testing with results validation Also I would like to be able to monitor VTT and NB voltages (see a short explanation of all voltages) for Intel processors (I have a Q9450) - I haven't actually found a Windows program that does it yet.


Audible iTunes Linux

Using Linux Mint I need to find some way of running iTunes so i can update my 7th Gen iPod, which cannot be done in `Rhythmbox`. I've tried legacy versions of iTunes in WINE. I've tried to use play on Linux. I've not tried to run Windows in VirtualBox yet. Has anyone previously done this, or have any suggestions?


What does the CONFIG_NLS_UTF8 kernel option do?

The kernel configuration contains an `NLS_UTF8` option. It can be found under _File systems → Native language support_. What does it do? Its description maintains that it is needed for using a FAT or JOLIET CD-ROM filesystem. Is it necessary for an ext[234] filesystem?


Mounting another VM's .vdi in VirtualBox

I have two VMs in VirtualBox. For exmaple, VM 1 runs Red Hat, and VM 2 runs Ubuntu. For the Red Hat VM I have redhat.vdi and redhat2.vdi, and for the Ubuntu VM I have ubuntu.vdi and unbuntu2.vdi. Each VM can access its own virtual disks without problem. How can I access ubuntu.vdi from the Red Hat virtual machine, using VirtualBox?


ldconfig not following user-created symbolic link

I'm attempting to run Inkscape 0.48.4-15 (armv7) which is installed via pacman from Arch Linux ARM.               $ inkscape     inkscape: error while loading shared libraries: libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory      As expected, the shared object is not available in /usr/lib:               $ ll /usr/lib | grep libMagick+     lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root       30 Jun  5 03:04 libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so ->     libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4.0.0     lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root       30 Jun  5 03:04 libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4 -> libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4.0.0     -rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   379428 Jun  5 03:06 libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4.0.0      So I make a symbolic link linking *.so.3 to *.so.4.0.0:               $ sudo ln -s libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4.0.0 libMagick++-6.Q16HD.so.3     lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root       30 Jun  5 03:04 libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so -> libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4.0.0     lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root       30 Jun  6 15:15 libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.3 -> libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4.0.0     lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root       30 Jun  5 03:04 libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4 -> libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4.0.0     -rwxr-xr-x   1 root root   379428 Jun  5 03:06 libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4.0.0      and verify that *.so.3 is indeed linked to *.so.4.0.0.               $ readlink -f libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.3     /usr/lib/libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.4.0.0      Now I reconfigure the dynamic linker run time bindings and rerun Inkscape:               $ sudo ldconfig      $ ldd $(which inkscape) | grep libMagick++     libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.3 => /usr/lib/libMagick++-6.Q16HDRI.so.3 (0x75cf9000)      Why is *.so.3 linking to itself and not following the symbolic link created earlier?


Changing systemd dependencies during boot

I am looking for a way to instruct systemd to recalculate service dependencies while the system is booting. Specifically, I need one service to be able to enable another service, and have the second service start up later in the same boot sequence. This is part of my automatic deployment process; very early in the boot process, the first time the system starts up, it automatically configures itself. One of the steps that it may need to take is enabling other services. Unfortunately, any changes it makes at that step do not seem to take effect until the following reboot. Rebooting the machine after initial deployment is not an option. Here's a generalized idea of what I'm trying to achieve /etc/systemd/system/firstboot.service:               [Unit]     Description=Enable MyService     DefaultDependencies=no     After=sysinit.target     Before=basic.target          [Service]     Type=oneshot     ExecStart=/bin/systemctl enable myservice.service     ExecStartPost=/bin/systemctl disable firstboot.service          [Install]     RequiredBy=basic.target      /etc/systemd/system/myservice.service:               [Unit]     Description=MyService          [Service]     Type=simple     ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/myservice          [Install]     WantedBy=multi-user.target      Unfortunately, this doesn't work as I expected; the service is enabled, but is not started before `multi-user.target`:               $ systemctl status myservice     myservice.service - MyService        Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/myservice.service; enabled)        Active: inactive (dead)      I can force it to start with `systemctl isolate multi-user.target` or by rebooting the machine. I have tried adding `systemctl daemon-reload` and/or `systemctl daemon-reexec` to `ExecStart`/`ExecStartPost` of `firstboot.service`, but neither seem to have any effect. Is there any way I can tell systemd to recalculate the boot path and include the changes that were made while it was still booting? Or will I need to do something later in the boot process to force my service to start?


Indic keyboards of Linux Mint 17 Cinnamon not working in Chrome/Chromium. Reinstalled both OS and Browser. But none helped. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/fA6sd.png)


What do the different memory counters in FreeBSD mean?

top tells me:               last pid: 64807;  load averages:  0.99,  0.97,  0.92                                          up 189+04:47:22 09:16:17     45 processes:  1 running, 44 sleeping     CPU:  0.4% user,  0.0% nice,  0.2% system,  6.4% interrupt, 93.0% idle     Mem: 222M Active, 2151M Inact, 2008M Wired, 823M Buf, 3499M Free     Swap: 8192M Total, 8192M Free      Munin shows a this a little more clearly: ![rtr1 yearly memory usage](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Xy8K1.png) As you can see, the server has around 8GB of ram. I wondering if I can cram this beast into a more modest 2GB server. Now I know what active and buffers mean, I think. But I am really concerned about the "wired" and "inactive" blobs of memory. Those do not map to any existing process as far as I know. Note how the green "active" line went up in December: that's when we started using a BGP daemon on this router. I don't exactly understand what happened in April and May, but I remember doing a system upgrade and switching to pkgng around that time. Here's the spare router for the first one, with less ram (4GB): ![rtr0 yearly memory usage](http://i.stack.imgur.com/XlXR4.png) It seems this one lives perfectly well with half the RAM and still leaves around 2GB free, which leads me to believe I could switch to a 2GB box for this server, lowering costs and maintenance... Any suggestions? What do the various memory counters shown in top mean? More specifically, what does:   * Active   * Inactive   * Cache   * Buffers   * Wired   * Free ...really mean? I have found some posts explaining bits of the VM subsystem works, and I remember having a "ah-ah!" moment understanding all of this about 12 years ago, but I forgot. :) Even the faithful FreeBSD handbook failed to answer my question... Can I downgrade to 2GB?


The equivalent of start-stop-daemon for RedHat 6

I have an upstart script to create a service in RedHat 6:               env PLAY_BINARY=/usr/bin/play     env HOME=/opt/warda     env USER=root     env GROUP=root          [...]          script         exec start-stop-daemon --start --exec $PLAY_BINARY --chuid $USER:$GROUP --chdir $HOME --start $HOME     end script      In Ubuntu everything goes right. However in RedHat, when I launch `sudo initctl start play`, I get a successful feedback `play start/running`, but `play` doesn't run. I think that the problem is that `start-stop-daemon` doesn't exist in RedHat. How can I replace the `exec start-stop-daemon...` command?


Debian packaging with dependency (from the scratch)

I would like to package my software (in C) into a .deb file, but I encounter some difficulties. It would be nice if someone could give me a hand... Let the source code be the following toy example:               #include <stdio.h>     #include <stdlib.h>     #include <lbfgs.h>          int main(void)     {         printf("liblbfgs will be used here!\n");         return 0;     }      In the above C program, liblbfgs library will be used. liblbfgs is available in repos. I have written the following simple Makefile:               CXX=gcc     CFLAGS=-Wall -g     LIBS=-lm -llbfgs     OUTPUT=toypackage          $(OUTPUT): $(OUTPUT).o         $(CXX) -o $(OUTPUT) $(LIBS) $(OUTPUT).o          .PHONY: clean          clean:         rm -f *~ *.o      If I install the library via synaptic/apt-get or by manually compiling the available source code, and by building the above code, everything is alright. But it would be very desired to avoid installing liblbfgs first. For this reason, I want to package my software into a .deb file where I should define liblbfgs as a dependency. I create a folder, say toypackage_1.0/, where I store the source code and the Makefile. Then I compress this directory as               tar czvf toypackage_1.0.orig.tar.gz toypackage-1.0/      Then, I run dh_make as follows               $ cd toypackage-1.0/     $ dh_make          Type of package: single binary, indep binary, multiple binary,     library, kernel module, kernel patch?       [s/i/m/l/k/n] s            Maintainer name  : geppetto       Email-Address    : geppetto@phi        Date             : Fri, 06 Jun 2014 16:25:22 +0300       Package Name     : toypackage       Version          : 1.0       License          : blank       Type of Package  : Single       Hit <enter> to confirm:        Skipping creating ../toypackage_1.0.orig.tar.gz because it already exists       Done. Please edit the files in the debian/ subdirectory now. You should also       check that the toypackage Makefiles install into $DESTDIR and not in / .          $ debuild            dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -D -us -uc       dpkg-buildpackage: source package toypackage       dpkg-buildpackage: source version 1.0-1       dpkg-buildpackage: source distribution unstable       dpkg-buildpackage: source changed by geppetto <geppetto@phi>       dpkg-source --before-build toypackage-1.0       dpkg-buildpackage: host architecture amd64       fakeroot debian/rules clean       dh clean      dh_testdir     dh_auto_clean       make[1]: Entering directory '/home/geppetto/LAB/Debian_Packaging/ToyPackage/toypackage-1.0'       rm -f *~ *.o       make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/geppetto/LAB/Debian_Packaging/ToyPackage/toypackage-1.0'     dh_clean       dpkg-source -b toypackage-1.0       dpkg-source: info: using source format `3.0 (quilt)'       dpkg-source: info: building toypackage using existing ./toypackage_1.0.orig.tar.gz       dpkg-source: info: building toypackage in toypackage_1.0-1.debian.tar.xz       dpkg-source: info: building toypackage in toypackage_1.0-1.dsc       debian/rules build       dh build      dh_testdir     dh_auto_configure     dh_auto_build       make[1]: Entering directory '/home/geppetto/LAB/Debian_Packaging/ToyPackage/toypackage-1.0'       cc -Wall -g -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2  -c -o toypackage.o toypackage.c       gcc -o toypackage -lm -llbfgs toypackage.o       make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/geppetto/LAB/Debian_Packaging/ToyPackage/toypackage-1.0'     dh_auto_test       fakeroot debian/rules binary       dh binary      dh_testroot     dh_prep     dh_auto_install     dh_installdocs     dh_installchangelogs     dh_perl     dh_link     dh_compress     dh_fixperms     dh_strip     dh_makeshlibs     dh_shlibdeps     dh_installdeb     dh_gencontrol       dpkg-gencontrol: warning: Depends field of package toypackage: unknown substitution variable ${shlibs:Depends}     dh_md5sums     dh_builddeb       dpkg-deb: building package `toypackage' in `../toypackage_1.0-1_amd64.deb'.       dpkg-genchanges  >../toypackage_1.0-1_amd64.changes       dpkg-genchanges: including full source code in upload       dpkg-source --after-build toypackage-1.0       dpkg-buildpackage: full upload (original source is included)       Now running lintian...       E: toypackage changes: changed-by-address-malformed geppetto <geppetto@phi>       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/init.d.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/manpage.1.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/manpage.sgml.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/manpage.xml.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/menu.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/postinst.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/postrm.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/preinst.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/prerm.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/toypackage.cron.d.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/toypackage.default.ex       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/toypackage.doc-base.EX       W: toypackage source: dh-make-template-in-source debian/watch.ex       W: toypackage source: package-needs-versioned-debhelper-build-depends 9       E: toypackage source: maintainer-address-malformed geppetto <geppetto@phi>       W: toypackage source: superfluous-clutter-in-homepage <insert the upstream URL, if relevant>       W: toypackage source: bad-homepage <insert the upstream URL, if relevant>       W: toypackage source: out-of-date-standards-version 3.9.4 (current is 3.9.5)       W: toypackage: wrong-bug-number-in-closes l3:#nnnn       E: toypackage: debian-changelog-file-contains-invalid-email-address geppetto@phi       W: toypackage: new-package-should-close-itp-bug       E: toypackage: changelog-is-dh_make-template       E: toypackage: helper-templates-in-copyright       W: toypackage: copyright-has-url-from-dh_make-boilerplate       E: toypackage: copyright-contains-dh_make-todo-boilerplate       W: toypackage: readme-debian-contains-debmake-template       E: toypackage: description-is-dh_make-template       E: toypackage: maintainer-address-malformed geppetto <geppetto@phi>       E: toypackage: section-is-dh_make-template       W: toypackage: superfluous-clutter-in-homepage <insert the upstream URL, if relevant>       W: toypackage: bad-homepage <insert the upstream URL, if relevant>       Finished running lintian.       Now signing changes and any dsc files...       signfile toypackage_1.0-1.dsc geppetto <geppetto@phi>       gpg: skipped "geppetto <geppetto@phi>": secret key not available       gpg: /tmp/debsign.wQjBHrJP/toypackage_1.0-1.dsc: clearsign failed: secret key not available       debsign: gpg error occurred!  Aborting....       debuild: fatal error at line 1283:       running debsign failed      It seems a bit erroneous, but if I               $ cd ..     $ sudo dpkg -i toypackage_1.0-1_amd64.deb          [sudo] password for geppetto:      Selecting previously unselected package toypackage.     (Reading database ... 426247 files and directories currently installed.)     Preparing to unpack toypackage_1.0-1_amd64.deb ...     Unpacking toypackage (1.0-1) ...     Setting up toypackage (1.0-1) ...          $ cd ./toypackage-1.0/     $ cd ./toypackage          liblbfgs will be used here!      then I see that the code has been built correctly, as I have already installed liblbfgs via apt-get. Here are my questions:   * What if I have not installed liblbfgs before? What should I do to be able to build my code correctly?   * What would be a meaningful Makefile for my purposes? Could you suggest me how to change it using $DESTDIR$ in order the binaries are stored to /usr/bin/? Please forgive my unawareness on these topics... I am a bit confused with all this stuff, so I would like someone to give me some guidelines. Thanks a lot in advance!


Why does wc -l tell me that this non-empty file has 0 lines?

`xclip`/`xsel` are utilities that allow you to pipe clipboard output to the shell on Ubuntu. Unfortunately, they seem to fail in combination with the `wc` command. Try this. Open a new file and type:               this is a line      **without hitting the enter key at the end of the line**. Now, copy this text and try the following:               $ xsel -o | wc -l     0      The output is 0, when in fact it should be 1. Save the file (call it `myfile.txt`). Now try:               $ cat myfile.txt | wc -l     1      The output is 1, as expected. Why is the output 0 in the first case?


ksh if with several conditions

I'd like to know what's the syntax for this kind of if in ksh :               if [[ $tmpEngine != "a" || $tmpEngine != "b" || $tmpEngine != "s" ]]; then        ...     fi      Actually, my code doesn't work, what's the problem here ? The problem is not about the meaning of my if, but rather how to write it correctly from a syntax point of view.


What Causes Maintenance Shell Segmentation Fault?

I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr in a Microsoft Hyper-V virtual machine on Windows Server 2012 R2. I've stopped the VM, replaced an EXT4-formatted virtual disk volume (/dev/sdb) with a new (unformatted) disk volume and restarted the VM. I see the following messages: Filesystem check or mount failed. A maintenance shell will now be started. CONTROL-D will terminate this shell and continue booting after re-trying filesystems. Any further errors will be ignored Give root password for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue): Upon typing the root password, I see: Segmentation Fault I would like to determine which process has caused the segmentation fault and why. I am reproducing a issue that was brought to my attention and would like to provide an explanation for the segmentation fault. Is it a bug in Ubuntu 14.04? If so, is there a work-around? If there is a work-around, I would like to see it documented here.


Why SAMP is not listening to the port

I have forwarded 38474 port to internal port 7778. Then I launched San Andreas Multiplayer on my CentOS server. When I'm typing `netstat -npl` I see this:               Proto: tcp     Recv-Q: 0     Send-Q: 0     Local Address: 0.0.0.0:7778     Foreign Address: 0.0.0.0:*     State:     PID/Program name: 1343/./samp03svr      So why `state` field is empty. When I'm looking to my server through SAMP client, it shows that server is available and shows ping to this server.


How to remove dot and space from beginning of filenames

I'm trying to change jpg files named with a dot and a space at the beginning and with a missing dot before the end (like this `. Startjpg` to `Start.jpg` The dot makes the files hidden from `sed` and `ls -al` lists those files so I'm piping `ls -al` to `sed`. I've read through many manuals online and I always get this error               sed: -e expression #1, char 6: unknown command: `/'      I've tried               ls -al | sed -r '/^\./*.*/g'     ls -al | sed -r '/^\.//g'     ls -al | sed -r '/.*/[\.]g'     ls -al | sed 's/^\./\\1*./g'      and many more and even many more many more. also I need to change filejpg to file.jpg


Centos rpm -qa vs yum list installed

I want to have server b to have exactly the same setup as server a. My plan is to have a list of all installed things on server a and install it by using the list on server b something like :               yum -y install $(cat installed.txt)      In server a, should I rather use:               rpm -qa > installed.txt      or:               yum list installed > installed.txt        ? The lists seem to be different and I have no idea why. `yum list installed` has 930 lines while `rpm -qa` has 895 lines, what might be the difference ?


Uptime showing in tmux status bar

I want to show the uptime in the tmux status bar in this format `DD:HH:MM` without any of the other cruft that the `uptime` command shows. I've tried               #set -g status-left '#[fg=green]#H #[fg=black]•#[fg=green,bright]#(uptime|awk '{split(substr($0, index($0, "load")),a, ":"); print a[2]})'#[default]'     set -g status-right '#[fg=red,bg=default]#(uptime) #[fg=blue]%a%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S'      Neither of these work as I want, and What I'm looking for is just a straight uptime of `DD:HH:MM`, which will be updated every 30 seconds with the normal statusbar update.


How to upgrade Linux version without breaking the original settings or configs?

I want to upgrade my linux version to an upper level, but I am afraid of by doing that, it will format the original settings or configs on my machine. So is there any way that we can avoid this happen?


Install virtualenv on Fedora 16

I come from Ubuntu. I know how to install virtualenv and configure stuff on Ubuntu. Now Fedora seems pretty strange to me... Following these two guides: Setting up virtualenv, pip, virtualenvwrapper and IPython on Fedora   How to Install Virtualenv in Fedora 16 / 15 / 14 I am getting this when I tried to setup my virtualenv > bash: virtualenv: command not found... I installed under root. If I do `ls`:               $ su -     [root@localhost ~]# ls     anaconda-ks.cfg  bin  lib     [root@localhost bin]# ls     virtualenv  virtualenvwrapper.sh     [root@localhost bin]#      [root@localhost bin]# cd     [root@localhost ~]# cd lib     [root@localhost lib]# ls     python2.7     [root@localhost lib]# cd python2.7/     [root@localhost python2.7]# ls     site-packages     [root@localhost python2.7]# cd site-packages/     [root@localhost site-packages]# ls     virtualenv-1.7-py2.7.egg-info  virtualenvwrapper     virtualenv.py                  virtualenvwrapper-2.11-py2.7.egg-info     virtualenv.pyc                 virtualenvwrapper-2.11-py2.7-nspkg.pth     virtualenv_support     [root@localhost site-packages]#      The `bin` and `lib` contains virtualenv. They appear after I installed virtualenv through pip. (I checked this against my fresh Fedora on my laptop, lib and bin do not exist under root directory). During the installation, it was clear to me that virtualenv was installed under the root directory. How do I fix this? What is the correct way to install virtualenv on Fedora? (I know how to do this on Ubuntu...) I think `su -` is bad. plain su will log me in as root but put me in my user's directory instead of the root directory (in the case of `su -`).


manpages for my kindle?

I'd like to read unix manpages on my kindle. I know I can just redirect the man output to a file and give it a .txt extension. But is there a convenient way to convert them _en masse_ to a format with proper cross-references? Edit: An apology for my behavior in this question. I told pat that I would accept the comment if submitted as an answer, and then better answers came and I did not keep my promise (Sorry). I enthusiastically accepted Caleb's answer that produces html versions of the manpages; and then some time later when I actually tried transferring the files to the kindle, I discovered that the kindle would not display html files; and I switched acceptance without explanation (Sorry). The kindle appears to require .txt or .pdf (or one of the various _real_ eBook formats). I hope I have explained myself. Also, I didn't have a realistic understanding of how many, many manpages there are with a Debian Linux distribution, and so Caleb's comment about selecting a "Best Of" collection appears to be the best idea. But I don't really have the inclination to try to do this myself (which is a prerequisite for asking questions on StackExchange sites), so I'm not comfortable asking how to select the "Best Of", even though it really is necessary practically in order to do this.


No wireless networks after dhcp3-server installation

My laptop is both using a wired connexion and a wireless one. I installed dhcps3-server, after that I guessed that there is no wireless network displayed. What can I do to see available wireless networks (I have my own wireless network that is not displayed).      I had the same problem yesterday when I installed dhcp3-server. I checked for solutions on internet but in vain. So I had to reinstall Ubuntu again. I do not want to reinstall it again each time i need dhcp3-server or any other tool.      When I run `nm-tool`, I got this (for the wireless part):               NetworkManager Tool          State: connected          - Device: wlan0 ----------------------------------------------------------------       Type:              802.11 WiFi       Driver:            ath9k       State:             unmanaged       Default:           no       HW Address:        D8:AF:9A:B7:DA:D9            Capabilities:            Wireless Properties         WEP Encryption:  yes         WPA Encryption:  yes         WPA2 Encryption: yes            Wireless Access Points       My wireless device is not disabled by hardware. I run `rfkill list` and I got this:               0: phy0: Wireless LAN         Soft blocked: no         Hard blocked: no      My Ubuntu can see my wireless device also. I run `lshw -C network` and I got this (for the wireless part, and you can also see that the driver for wireless adpater is installed):               *-network                           description: Wireless interface            product: AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express)            vendor: Atheros Communications Inc.            physical id: 0            bus info: pci@0000:25:00.0            logical name: wlan0            version: 01            serial: d0:df:9a:5b:da:4a            width: 64 bits            clock: 33MHz            capabilities: bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless            configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath9k driverversion=2.6.38-8-generic firmware=N/A ip=10.1.18.68 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn            resources: irq:19 memory:d4600000-d460ffff      Also, my wireless PCI device is shown (but its driver not working ?) when I run : `lspci -nn`:                Network controller [0280]: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) [168c:002b] (rev 01)      I run `iwconfig` and I got these information:               lo        no wireless extensions.          eth0      no wireless extensions.          wlan0     IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:off/any                 Mode:Managed  Access Point: Not-Associated   Tx-Power=17 dBm                  Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off               Power Management:off      How can I resolve this problem (displaying back the wirless networks )?   **Note that my wired connexion works well.**


ProvisioningError installing Samba

I'm trying to install samba, but it fails:               kavinlu@kavinlu-IT:/etc/init.d$ sudo apt-get -f install samba4     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     The following extra packages will be installed:       libdcerpc-server0 libdcerpc0 libgensec0 libregistry0 libsamba-policy0 python-samba samba4-common-bin     Suggested packages:       bind9 phpldapadmin samba-gtk swat2     Recommended packages:       samba4-dsdb-modules     The following NEW packages will be installed:       libdcerpc-server0 libdcerpc0 libgensec0 libregistry0 libsamba-policy0 python-samba samba4 samba4-common-bin     0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.     Need to get 0 B/4,143 kB of archives.     After this operation, 23.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.     Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y     Preconfiguring packages ...     Selecting previously deselected package libgensec0.     (Reading database ... 207432 files and directories currently installed.)     Unpacking libgensec0 (from .../libgensec0_4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...     Selecting previously deselected package libdcerpc0.     Unpacking libdcerpc0 (from .../libdcerpc0_4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...     Selecting previously deselected package libregistry0.     Unpacking libregistry0 (from .../libregistry0_4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...     Selecting previously deselected package libdcerpc-server0.     Unpacking libdcerpc-server0 (from .../libdcerpc-server0_4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...     Selecting previously deselected package libsamba-policy0.     Unpacking libsamba-policy0 (from .../libsamba-policy0_4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...     Selecting previously deselected package python-samba.     Unpacking python-samba (from .../python-samba_4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...     Selecting previously deselected package samba4-common-bin.     Unpacking samba4-common-bin (from .../samba4-common-bin_4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...     Selecting previously deselected package samba4.     Unpacking samba4 (from .../samba4_4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...     Processing triggers for man-db ...     Processing triggers for ureadahead ...     Setting up libgensec0 (4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1) ...     Setting up libdcerpc0 (4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1) ...     Setting up libregistry0 (4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1) ...     Setting up libdcerpc-server0 (4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1) ...     Setting up libsamba-policy0 (4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1) ...     Setting up python-samba (4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1) ...     Setting up samba4-common-bin (4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1) ...     Setting up samba4 (4.0.0~alpha17~git20110807.dfsg1-1ubuntu1) ...     Administrator password will be set randomly!     Unknown parameter encountered: "max log size"     Ignoring unknown parameter "max log size"     Unknown parameter encountered: "syslog"     Ignoring unknown parameter "syslog"     Unknown parameter encountered: "passdb backend"     Ignoring unknown parameter "passdb backend"     Unknown parameter encountered: "unix password sync"     Ignoring unknown parameter "unix password sync"     Unknown parameter encountered: "passwd program"     Ignoring unknown parameter "passwd program"     Unknown parameter encountered: "pam password change"     Ignoring unknown parameter "pam password change"     Unknown parameter encountered: "map to guest"     Ignoring unknown parameter "map to guest"     Unknown parameter encountered: "usershare allow guests"     Ignoring unknown parameter "usershare allow guests"     Unknown parameter encountered: "guest ok"     Ignoring unknown parameter "guest ok"     Unknown parameter encountered: "guest ok"     Ignoring unknown parameter "guest ok"     Unknown parameter encountered: "max log size"     Ignoring unknown parameter "max log size"     Unknown parameter encountered: "syslog"     Ignoring unknown parameter "syslog"     Unknown parameter encountered: "passdb backend"     Ignoring unknown parameter "passdb backend"     Unknown parameter encountered: "unix password sync"     Ignoring unknown parameter "unix password sync"     Unknown parameter encountered: "passwd program"     Ignoring unknown parameter "passwd program"     Unknown parameter encountered: "pam password change"     Ignoring unknown parameter "pam password change"     Unknown parameter encountered: "map to guest"     Ignoring unknown parameter "map to guest"     Unknown parameter encountered: "usershare allow guests"     Ignoring unknown parameter "usershare allow guests"     Unknown parameter encountered: "guest ok"     Ignoring unknown parameter "guest ok"     Unknown parameter encountered: "guest ok"     Ignoring unknown parameter "guest ok"     ProvisioningError: guess_names: 'realm =' was not specified in supplied /etc/samba/smb.conf.  Please remove the smb.conf file and let provision generate it     dpkg: error processing samba4 (--configure):      subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1     Processing triggers for libc-bin ...     ldconfig deferred processing now taking place     Processing triggers for python-support ...     Errors were encountered while processing:      samba4     E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)      What's going wrong? How do I fix it?


How to do an automated measurement for the boot time for freshly build images?

I want to generate images for an embedded system and automatically measure the time they took for booting (especially for different systems). I'm using Buildroot to generate my Linux Images. I already know the methods and how to apply them, it's just the question about how to do the time measuring. ATM for the measuring, a GPIO Pin is set in the 1st-level bootloader to "high" and the same pin is set to "low" when entering the userspace. Then with an oscilloscope the time is measured with the cursors by hand. Now to the problem: I got some methods I'd like to be automatically implemented by choosing these in a GUI and then let the program apply them (this shouldn't be a big deal). What I'm not so sure about is to measure the boot time afterwards when the images are ready automatically. Has anyone a nice idea for measuring the boot time? The only thing that comes to my mind is to rely on the kernel printk times, unfortunately these measure only the kernel time.


What to do when you removed execute permission from some system binaries or libraries?

It seems I removed executability from system binaries, resulting in loads of `Permission denied`. Do I have to force reboot into host's rescue mode or is there something else I can do while I'm still connected via SSH ? I'm sure forcibly rebooting will cause data loss.               root@rautamiekka:~# find / '(' -iname '*.vpk' -o -iname '*.txt' -o -iname '*.inf' -o -iname '*.bsp' -o -iname '*.so' -o -iname '*.image' -o -iname '*.cfg' -o -iname '*.swf' -o -iname '*.png' -o -iname '*.dds' -o -iname '*.cur' -o -iname '*.vfont' -o -iname '*.tga' -o -iname '*.ico' -o -iname '*.icns' -o -iname '*.db' -o -iname '*.cache' -o -iname '*.rad' -o -iname '*.dylib' -o -iname '*.mp3' -o -iname '*.sfk' -o -iname '*.vmf' -o -iname '*.vmt' -o -iname '*.3ds' -o -iname '*.dxf' -o -iname '*.jpg' -o -iname '*.scr' -o -iname '*.lst' -o -iname '*.vdf' -o -iname '*.gam' -o -iname '*.dsp' -o -iname '*.nut' -o -iname '*.ekv' -o -iname '*.rc' -o -iname '*.raw' -o -iname '*.nav' -o -iname '*.manifest' -o -iname '*.vbf' -o -iname '*.kv' -o -iname '*.vfe' -o -iname '*.doc' -o -iname '*.flt' -o -iname '*.1' -o -iname '*.pak' -o -iname '*.asi' -o -iname '*.xml' -o -iname '*.6' -o -iname '*.lua' -o -iname '*.res' -o -iname '*.ttf' -o -iname '*.mix' -o -iname '*.wav' -o -iname '*.vcs' -o -iname '*.vtf' -o -iname '*.exe' -o -iname '*.cab' -o -iname '*.dll' ')' -executable -type f -exec chmod -v a-x '{}' ';'     mode of `/usr/lib/monodoc/browser.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.atk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.atk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.gdk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.gdk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.glib-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.glib-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.gtk-dotnet/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.gtk-dotnet.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.gtk-dotnet/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.gtk-dotnet.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.glib-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.glib-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.pango-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.pango-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.glib-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.glib-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.atk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.atk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/mono-service/2.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/mono-service.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/mono-service/4.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/mono-service.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.gtk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.gtk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.gdk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.gdk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.gtk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.gtk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.gtk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.gtk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.gdk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.gdk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.glade-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.glade-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.atk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.atk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.gtk-dotnet/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.gtk-dotnet.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.atk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.atk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.gtk-dotnet/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.gtk-dotnet.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.gdk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.gdk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.pango-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.pango-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.8.glade-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.8.glade-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.6.glade-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.6.glade-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.gtk-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.gtk-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.glade-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.glade-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.glib-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.glib-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.4.pango-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.4.pango-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/gac/policy.2.10.pango-sharp/0.0.0.0__35e10195dab3c99f/policy.2.10.pango-sharp.dll' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/3.5/xbuild.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/mono-configuration-crypto/4.0/mono-configuration-crypto.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/al.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/xbuild.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/mcs.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/ilasm.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/mkbundle.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/resgen.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/monop.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/wsdl.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/gacutil.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/mono-service.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/monolinker.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/gmcs.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/RabbitMQ.Client.Apigen.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/mdoc.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/genxs.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/2.0/xsd.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/al.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/secutil.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/dtd2rng.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/httpcfg.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/sqlsharp.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/xbuild.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/svcutil.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/macpack.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/disco.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mconfig.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-api-diff.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-shlib-cop.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/permview.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-cil-strip.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/ccrewrite.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/ilasm.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mkbundle.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/installvst.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/culevel.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/dtd2xsd.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/resgen.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/monop.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/wsdl.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/caspol.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/setreg.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/sqlmetal.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/gacutil.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/browsercaps-updater.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-api-info.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/csharp.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/sgen.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mozroots.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-service.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/soapsuds.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/monolinker.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mod.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/signcode.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/installutil.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/makecert.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/lc.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/dmcs.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/sn.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/mono-xmltool.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/chktrust.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/cert2spc.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/certmgr.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/pdb2mdb.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/RabbitMQ.Client.Apigen.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/genxs.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/xsd.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/mono/4.0/ictool.exe' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/plugins/dropin.cache' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libdeploy.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libj2gss.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libavplugin.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libverify.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libunpack.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libinstrument.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/liblcms.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libzip.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjdwp.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libmlib_image.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libnet.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libsaproc.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/server/libjvm.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjava.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libdcpr.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libnio.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libdecora_sse.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libnpt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjavafx_font_freetype.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libfxplugins.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libprism_sw.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjfxwebkit.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjpeg.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/jvm.cfg' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libj2pcsc.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libawt_xawt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libawt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libglass.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libsplashscreen.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjawt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjavafx_font_pango.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libfontmanager.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjsdt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libj2pkcs11.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjavafx_iio.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjavafx_font.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libsctp.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjaas_unix.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjavafx_font_t2k.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libgstreamer-lite.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjava_crw_demo.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjfxmedia.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libawt_headless.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libdt_socket.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libkcms.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libprism_common.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libt2k.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/jli/libjli.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjsound.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libattach.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libmanagement.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjsig.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libprism_es2.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libhprof.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjfr.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libsunec.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libjsoundalsa.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/jvm.hprof.txt' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.gtk.linux.x86_64_1.1.200.v20120913-144807/eclipse_1502.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/missioncontrol/libcairo-swt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/amd64/libjawt.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/amd64/jli/libjli.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/visualvm/profiler/lib/deployed/jdk16/linux-amd64/libprofilerinterface.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/lib/visualvm/profiler/lib/deployed/jdk15/linux-amd64/libprofilerinterface.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/usr/bin/cpp-4.6' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/lib/klibc-bhN-zLH5wUTKSCGch2ba2xqTtLE.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     mode of `/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     #Other lines telling X was removed. Then ...     #§find: `chmod': Permission denied§ many times.          #It seems removing X from some SO files caused this. I didn't think that would cause problems, but it did.     #mode of `/lib/klibc-bhN-zLH5wUTKSCGch2ba2xqTtLE.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     #mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     #mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     #mode of `/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)     #mode of `/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.15.so' changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 0644 (rw-r--r--)          root@rautamiekka:~# find / '(' -iname '*.vpk' -o -iname '*.txt' -o -iname '*.inf' -o -iname '*.bsp' -o -iname '*.so' -o -iname '*.image' -o -iname '*.cfg' -o -iname '*.swf' -o -iname '*.png' -o -iname '*.dds' -o -iname '*.cur' -o -iname '*.vfont' -o -iname '*.tga' -o -iname '*.ico' -o -iname '*.icns' -o -iname '*.db' -o -iname '*.cache' -o -iname '*.rad' -o -iname '*.dylib' -o -iname '*.mp3' -o -iname '*.sfk' -o -iname '*.vmf' -o -iname '*.vmt' -o -iname '*.3ds' -o -iname '*.dxf' -o -iname '*.jpg' -o -iname '*.scr' -o -iname '*.lst' -o -iname '*.vdf' -o -iname '*.gam' -o -iname '*.dsp' -o -iname '*.nut' -o -iname '*.ekv' -o -iname '*.rc' -o -iname '*.raw' -o -iname '*.nav' -o -iname '*.manifest' -o -iname '*.vbf' -o -iname '*.kv' -o -iname '*.vfe' -o -iname '*.doc' -o -iname '*.flt' -o -iname '*.1' -o -iname '*.pak' -o -iname '*.asi' -o -iname '*.xml' -o -iname '*.6' -o -iname '*.lua' -o -iname '*.res' -o -iname '*.ttf' -o -iname '*.mix' -o -iname '*.wav' -o -iname '*.vcs' -o -iname '*.vtf' -o -iname '*.exe' -o -iname '*.cab' -o -iname '*.dll' ')' -executable -type f -print     -bash: /usr/bin/find: Permission denied          root@rautamiekka:~# which find     -bash: /usr/bin/which: /bin/sh: bad interpreter: Permission denied     root@rautamiekka:~# chmod     -bash: /bin/chmod: Permission denied     root@rautamiekka:~# ls     -bash: /usr/bin/ionice: Permission denied     root@rautamiekka:~# reboot     -bash: /sbin/reboot: Permission denied     root@rautamiekka:~# poweroff     -bash: /sbin/poweroff: Permission denied               root@rautamiekka:~# echo          root@rautamiekka:~# echo $     $     root@rautamiekka:~# echo $     $_                            $BASH_SUBSHELL                $HISTSIZE                     $LS_COLORS                    $RANDOM     $BASH                         $BASH_VERSINFO                $HOME                         $MACHTYPE                     $_scp_path_esc     $BASH_ALIASES                 $BASH_VERSION                 $HOSTNAME                     $MAIL                         $SECONDS     $BASH_ARGC                    $COLUMNS                      $HOSTTYPE                     $MAILCHECK                    $SHELL     $BASH_ARGV                    $COMP_WORDBREAKS              $IFS                          $OPTERR                       $SHELLOPTS     $BASH_CMDS                    $DERBY_HOME                   $J2REDIR                      $OPTIND                       $SHLVL     $BASH_COMMAND                 $DIRSTACK                     $J2SDKDIR                     $OSTYPE                       $SSH_CLIENT     $BASH_COMPLETION              $EUID                         $JAVA_HOME                    $PATH                         $SSH_CONNECTION     $BASH_COMPLETION_COMPAT_DIR   $GROUPS                       $LANG                         $PIPESTATUS                   $SSH_TTY     $BASH_COMPLETION_DIR          $__grub_script_check_program  $LESSCLOSE                    $PPID                         $TERM     $BASH_LINENO                  $HISTCMD                      $LESSOPEN                     $PS1                          $UID     $BASHOPTS                     $HISTCONTROL                  $LINENO                       $PS2                          $USER     $BASHPID                      $HISTFILE                     $LINES                        $PS4                          $XDG_SESSION_COOKIE     $BASH_SOURCE                  $HISTFILESIZE                 $LOGNAME                      $PWD


How can I use a Raspberry Pi as a router between two WiFi networks?

I want to RDP from PC1 (Running Windows 7), to PC2 (Running Windows 7) using Pi (Raspberry Pi running Debian). This the network situation:                              Network1                      Network2           ---------------------------   ---------------------------           |                         |   |                         |           |        -------         -------        -------         |           |        | PC1 | -----> |  Pi  | -----> | PC2 |         |           |        -------         -------        -------         |           |                         |   |                         |           |                         |   |                         |           |                         |   |                         |           ---------------------------   ---------------------------        * PC1 is connected to Network1.   * PC2 is connected to Network2.   * Pi is connected to both networks. On Pi:   * wlan0 is connected to Network1.   * wlan1 is connected to Network2. I assume this is somehow possible, but I haven't done anything like this before so I'm pretty clueless. Again, the question is how to set up the Pi as a router between the two?


Install 32-bit library packages on 64-bit rhel 6.2 during installation of os

I want full installation of `rhel-server-6.2-x86_64`. Within this setup, I want to install some of 32bit glibc packages before completion of installation, which already available in `rhel-server-6.2-x86_64-dvd`. I select all optional packages during installation, but as I see here redhat(anaconda) will not install 32bit libs. But it is supported in 5.x (I tried that in 5.5 & 5.7)? How to make this possible in 6.2 or 6.3? Is it possible to install packages from dvd by `kickstart`, if yes then how?


backup script to exclude some parent dir and include some child dir

What I'm trying to do backup?   1. users home dir which include `Desktop`,`Documents`,`Pictures`, `thunderbird` which i need to backup of every user   2. all users are in `/home` partition with there respective user name   3. there are certain user AND files in `/home` which need to be exclude What I've tried so far?               $ tar cvf home01 -T include /home        **NOTE:** T which says only take that which are mention in file but does not work               $ find . \( -name \*Desktop -o -name \*Documents\* -o -name \*Pictures\*  -o -name \.thunderbird\*   \)  |       xargs  tar zcvf /opt/rnd/home-$(date +%d%m%y).tar.zip       **NOTE:** which takes backup of mention dir but it puts every users dir into one folder. ### For example               $ ls -l /home          /home/user1/{Desktop,Documents,Pictures,.thunderbird}     /home/user2/{Desktop,Documents,Pictures,.thunderbird}     /home/user3/{Desktop,Documents,Pictures,.thunderbird}     /home/user4/{Desktop,Documents,Pictures,.thunderbird}     /home/user5/{Desktop,Documents,Pictures,.thunderbird}      From which I need to take only `user1`,`user2`,`user3` home dir backup and exclude `user4`,`user5`


How do I track down the source of a ssh login message?

I installed mailutils on my linux machine with Linux Mint 15 (basically Ubuntu 13.04). When I log in, I get the following:               Welcome to Linux Mint 15 Olivia (GNU/Linux 3.8.0-32-generic i686)          Welcome to Linux Mint      * Documentation:  http://www.linuxmint.com     No mail.     Last login: Wed Nov  6 01:33:10 2013 from xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx     BFL SingleSC: 3s ago - [2013-11-06 01:37:33] 5s:57.83 avg:57.96 u:56.96 Gh/s      I have added the last line, colorized as I prefer, as a custom script that updates me on the status of my BFL bitcoin hashing rig in ~/.bashrc. I now want to color the rest of it, especially the `No mail.` line, from mailutils, and remove the duplicated 'Welcome to Linux Mint' messages and newline. I've been searching for the mailutils section specifically, and can't find any reference to it in:   * ~/.bashrc   * ~/.profile   * /etc/profile   * /etc/profile.d/*   * /etc/bashrc   * /etc/init.d/*   * /etc/rc.local   * /etc/rc*.d (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, S) So - how do I go about finding where these messages are generated so I can modify and color them as I like?


API Monitoring and Hooking

I am currently reading the "Malware Analyst's Cookbook and DVD". There is a chapter "Dynamic Analysis" and there are also some recipes about hooking and monitoring API calls of process but it is for Windows. I want to do the same thing like recipe 9-10 explains but for Linux. 9-10 is called "Capturing process, Thread, and Image Load Events". In this receipe it is showed "how to implement a driver that alerts you when any events occure on the system while your malware samlpe executes". It uses the API functions of the Windows Driver Kit (WDK) to call a user-defined callback function. It uses the callback functions:   * Process creation callback function called PsSetCreateProcessNotifyRoutine(...)   * Thread creation callback function called PsSetCreateThreadNotifyRoutine(...)   * Image load callback function called PsSetLoadImageNotifyRoutine(...).  And when any events occur it will display them as a debug message which can then be viewed in e.g. DebugView. It seems well documented for Windows and it is easy to find information for this, but I have a bit of a problem in finding information for Linux. I've found some general introduction to drivers and a one for hooking, but I still haven't found any that are not so general or at least are a bit more focused on malware analysis. I would be happy for tips for further readings or recommended tutorials on this topic.


How can I fill the free space with zeroes in Ubuntu 12.04 (ext4)?

I use windows server 2008r2 with role Hyper-V. The guest system is Ubuntu 12.04 LTC. It is situated on the dynamic virtual hard disk (2TB). The size of this vhd is 360 GB. But the real size is about 50 GB. I want to reduce the size of this vhd using standard Hyper-V tools. But I can not do this, because the Ubuntu file system is not NTFS. How can I reset the free space on the disk .vhd? _**The answer is:_** Use SystemRescueCD. http://serverfault.com/questions/551053/how-can-i-compact- the-vhd-file-with-ubuntu/551603?noredirect=1#comment641558_551603


Making Puppy Linux more "Unixy"?

I am playing around with Puppy Linux Wary 5.3 on an old machine (Pentium PII, 160 megs RAM, 6 gig HD). I did an install on the HD. I appreciate it's light footprint, the fact that it plays nice with the graphics card (Slacko Puppy and Precise did not) but am dismayed that it is very unlike Unix. No passwords (even when I set one up for root it still logs in automatically), no man pages (it actually tries to open a web-browser with google, the machine BTW is not networked) and most of the command line Unix user-land seems to be MIA. I guess I can slowly configure it to my liking, but this would likely take a lot of time and this is certainly not my primary machine. I am wondering if there is a variant already set up which feels and behaves in a more traditional Unix style, with greater emphasis on the command line and less on the graphical side. I intend to use it mainly from the command line. Should I stick with Puppy and configure it or go for a minimal/ lightweight install of Slackware or one of the BSDs that I would use mostly from the command line.


Mail Server Setup, MX Records, and Hostnames?

I'm a bit confused how mail servers work, and the process of setting them up. Say I have an domain called example.com, and I have an A record for it. I'll be using postfix/dovecot for this setup along with an SSL certificate. When setting all this up, do I create a new A record for mail.example.com, as well as a MX record for mail.example.com, and assign the cert to mail.example.com, even though all mail is being sent to example.com accounts? Will this work, or does everything need to be pointed to just example.com? In all the documentation I've read, everything says set up the mail server as a subdomain, and assign all the hostnames, MX records, A records (for webmail), and SSL certs to that. Just want to make sure I'm on the right path here.


Weird memory spikes in Debian VPS

I run a medium VPS (4GB RAM) as a web server. I host some private Ruby on Rails sites with Apache and mod_passenger. I also have two legacy apps which run with "passenger standalone" (two Nginx servers with passenger on ports 3000 and 4000). Apache acts as a proxy for those. Most of the time this is works okay, but every few months the whole system goes berserk:   * RAM usage goes up to 100%   * the log files get filled with "Cannot allocate memory" & reverse proxy errors   * soon enough the whole system is unresponsive Sometimes this clears up by itself, sometimes I have to ask my provider to reboot the system because I can't even SSH into it. This _always_ happens at night, when traffic is very low. Here are two graphs: **Apache accesses** ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/N6wND.png) **Memory consumption** ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/lVPSg.png) **How do I get to the bottom of this?** Which steps can I take to debug this situation? Is it possible that I have a bad neighbor on the machine? Other processes on the major machine: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Elasticsearch, Redis **UPDATE to clarify** I'm looking for a tool that records processes with their memory & cpu consumption so I can track down the trouble maker(s). Is something like that out there or do I have to roll my own?


raid1: how to synchronize harddisks (Debian 6)

My system is Linux/Debian 6, using GPT (GUID Partition Table). If I run the command               cat /proc/mdstat      I see the following situation:               Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]      md3 : active raid1 sdb4[1]           1822442815 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]          md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1]           1073740664 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]          md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1]           524276 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]          md0 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdb1[1]           33553336 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]          unused devices: <none>      How should I understand this? Is sdb out of sync or sda? What is [_U] meaning? How can I synchronize the harddisks? Following information may be helpful:               mdadm --detail /dev/md0     /dev/md0:         Version : 1.2       Creation Time : Mon Aug 20 11:23:55 2012          Raid Level : raid1          Array Size : 33553336 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)       Used Dev Size : 33553336 (32.00 GiB 34.36 GB)        Raid Devices : 2       Total Devices : 1         Persistence : Superblock is persistent              Update Time : Wed Sep 25 21:50:55 2013           State : clean, degraded      Active Devices : 1     Working Devices : 1      Failed Devices : 0       Spare Devices : 0                 Name : rescue:0            UUID : 79ca4cbd:5d44fcad:01e8ed8e:0bd7009a          Events : 22              Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State            0       0        0        0      removed            1       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1


I'm using **RHEL 6** .Newbie to Linux. I'm unable to play the video using **Movie Player**. It shows an error, Movie Player requires additional plugins to decode this file. The following plugins are required : MPEG-4-AAC decoder and H.264 decoder. But RHEL asking for a subscription. How to solve this problem or Suggest me any alternate softwares to install ?


Why does awk print on non-null strings and positive numbers

I've noticed some `awk` examples which use `1` instead of `print` to print `$0` (eg. To conserve space, I normally use '1'. and on this site). Is this a documented / safe practice, or is is it subject to breaking in some versions; past, present or future? Here are some examples:               echo 'a-does-print-$0' | awk '"x"'         echo 'b-does-print-$0' | awk '$0'        echo 'c-does-print-$0' | awk '1'     echo 'd-does-print-$0' | awk '(1-2)'       echo 'd-does-print-$0' | awk '{$0="abc"}1'            echo 'nothing-prints' | awk '{$0="abc"}'       echo 'nothing-prints' | awk '$999'      echo 'nothing-prints' | awk '(1-1)'       echo 'nothing-prints' | awk '1-1'      echo 'nothing-prints' | awk '0'      echo 'nothing-prints' | awk 'unsetVar'      echo 'nothing-printw' | awk ''          echo 'crashes' | awk '-3.14159'     echo 'crashes' | awk '-2'      echo 'crashes' | awk '-1'


Bash script error trying to find directory of script itself: unexpected end of file

Borrowing graciously from this StackOverflow answer, I want to find the directory a script is running in so I can load relative paths for it on login: The script is pretty small right now:               SOURCE="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"     while [ -h "$SOURCE" ] ; do SOURCE="$(readlink "$SOURCE")"; done     DIR=$( cd -P "$( dirname "$SOURCE" )" && pwd )      But when I log in or call `source <this_script.sh>`, I get:               -bash: script.sh: line 4: syntax error: unexpected end of file      Couple questions:   1. What is it hanging up on?   2. What's the fix? This is running:               -bash-3.2$ bash --version     GNU bash, version 3.2.25(1)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)     Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.      ## Edit 1: trying Gile's solution:               parent="$(dirname "$SOURCE")"     echo "PARENT IS $parent"     DIR="$(cd -P "$parent" && pwd)"     echo "DIR IS $DIR"      I get the following when trying to `source` it or log in:               Last login: Mon Mar 12 08:07:13 2012 from ....     PARENT IS .     : No such file or directory     DIR IS     : command not found     : command not found     : command not found     : command not found


Why do we need to specify partition type in fdisk and later again in mkfs?

I'm a little confused about **fdisk** and **mkfs**. So - here is typical USB flash drive partitioning and formatting:               umount /dev/sdb     fdisk fdisk /dev/sdb          Command (m for help): d     Selected partition 1          Command (m for help): n     Command action     e   extended     p   primary partition (1-4)     p     Partition number (1-4): 1     First cylinder (1-960, default 1): ↵     Using default value 1     Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-960, default 960): ↵     Using default value 960           Command (m for help): t     Selected partition 1     Hex code (type L to list codes): 6     Changed system type of partition 1 to 6 (FAT16)          Command (m for help): a     Partition number (1-4): 1          Command (m for help): w     The partition table has been altered!          Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.          WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x      partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional     information.          mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdb1      My question is: Why do we even have to use **t** option to specify partition type while doing **fdisk** step? How does it affect everything? Does it create some mark on usb drive meaning that there only supposed to be vfat partition? Or is it safe to skip **t** step altogether? AFAIK - partitioning is only splitting disk into areas - is it not? Just trying to understand why it works the way it works:)


How do I fix the error 403 I am getting with XAMPP while I am using mod_userdir?

I am running Arch Linux and I decided to use XAMPP so I can create and test web pages. Anyway, I followed the instructions given in the site and extracted it to `/opt/lampp` and I also uncommented the line in `/opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf` so `mod_userdir` will be enabled. Now, when I try to access my user `public_html` (via http://localhost/~user), I get this error:               Access forbidden!              You don't have permission to access the requested object. It is either          read-protected or not readable by the server.              If you think this is a server error, please contact the webmaster.          Error 403      How do I get this to work?


How to find which machines are idle on a cluster of many nodes

I run measurements on a cluster consisting of 32 nodes/machines. I do not require all nodes, only 4, for example. The problem is most of the time, the nodes are busy with other people running their heavy job on them. So, to find idle nodes to get good results, I run the `top` command on each machine starting from the first until I find 4 free ones. Is there a way to test the cpu load/utilisation on multiple machines at once and if possible, listing those machines that are less busy?


LVM2 partition alignment

How to do the following with Linux tools : LVM partition alignment and alignment of partition on LVM ? What in case where I want to setup LVM partition (for "pv") and then partitions ? To be more specifig, I'd like to make following setup:   * sda1 - boot , about 256MB   * sda2 - LVM pv On LVM : swap, root, home etc. How to setup LVM parition and paritions on LVM to obtain best performance? (Command line linux tools please ;) ) Am I right, that when LVM extents are aligned, created partitions are as well ? What's the best size of block? : Thanks to @maxschlepzig, we have elegant method of obtaining sector size - for example 4k. Now, questions stays, how to apply this knowledge.


How to feed the results of date command into grep to filter results of another command

I need to use the result of a formatted date command (date +"%m/%d") as the grep filter to filter the results of another command that will display alerts on a system so that I only see alerts from the given day. Lets say alertcommand gives the alert readout in the console. I know I can do `alertcommand | grep 8/10` to get the logs from today, but I want to be able to feed `date +"%m/%d"`into that so that I don't have to specify the date each time I run it, but I can't figure out how to link it into one single command (preferably without having to create temp files or anything as this will be run on customer hardware). I looked at this question that was similar, but couldn't figure out how to make it work the same way.


Meaning of PF_VCPU and PF_WQ_WORKER

do you know what the constants meaning is defined in `linux/sched.h`:                 #define PF_VCPU       0x00000010  /* I'm a virtual CPU */       #define PF_WQ_WORKER  0x00000020  /* I'm a workqueue worker */      What does it mean when a process have both flags set (the ninth parameter in `/proc/[pid]/stat` is `0x30` or decimal `48`) I only found that short comments after the define's but i can not imagine any sense.


Why is this Bash command using regex not replacing my brackets?

I have this command to go through all my files in my `Music` directory, and all subdirectories, and replace any square brackets in the file name with rounded brackets:               find /home/Music/ -depth -name "* *" -execdir rename 's/\[/\(/g' "{}" \;      But it doesn't work. It doesn't return any errors, it just doesn't make the replacements. I thought I properly escaped the characters. Where am I going wrong? Also, eventually I"ll want to replace curly brackets, `{}`, with rounded brackets , `()`, as well. Just thought I'd mention that now in case curly brackets came with yet more complications.


How to disable trash?

This is a nice and straightforward question: how can I disable the Trash Can in Gnome running on CentOS/RHEL 6.4? I know I can use `Shift` + `Del`, instead of `Del` to bypass the Trash; but how can I completely disable it? Or otherwise, how can I remap `Del` to `Shift` + `Del`?


How to disable domain service at port 53 on WAN side in OpenWRT?

nmap on the WAN IP shows               PORT   STATE SERVICE     53/tcp open  domain      after basic configuration on a fresh OpenWRT (version Chaos Calmer) system. But the service should not be visible from WAN, but only on LAN side of the router.


Can not install any color scheme in Vim in Kubuntu

I have installed the latest Kubuntu. I am trying to set a nice color scheme for my terminal, but it does not work.For example I tried wombat256. I copied the wombat256mod.vim under `~/.vim/colors` as it is specified in the instructions and did: `:colorscheme wombat256mod`. There is no change in vim. By default `TERM` is set to xterm. Trying `TERM=xterm-256color vim` does not work either. I have also tried solarized and github theme, no change. I am using the default Kubuntu terminal. What am I missing here?


Why sed prints first string from file even if it's failed to find matching groups

I'm trying to write sed expression which will extract matching groups from file. E.g. I have .cue sheet and I want to extract it's genre tag. It has following format:               $ cat file.cue | grep GENRE     REM GENRE "POP"      I've created sed expression to extract this tag and replace quotes around it:               $  sed -e 's/REM[ \t]*GENRE[ \t]*\(.*\)/\1/;s/"\(.*\)"/\1/;q' file.cue      POP      My question is why if it's failed to find matching group it will just print first string?               $  sed -e 's/REMerror[ \t]*GENRE[ \t]*\(.*\)/\1/;s/"\(.*\)"/\1/;q' file.cue      REM GENRE POP      Example of cue-sheet:               REM GENRE "POP"     REM DATE 2012     REM DISCID EC10BD10     REM COMMENT "ExactAudioCopy v0.99pb5"     PERFORMER "JAM Project"     TITLE "JAM Project BEST COLLECTION IX THE MONSTERS"     FILE "LACA-15250.flac" WAVE       TRACK 01 AUDIO         TITLE "THE MONSTERS"         PERFORMER "JAM Project"         INDEX 01 00:00:00


Using many monitors (4+) in linux

I want to be able to run more than 4 monitors (maybe 6) and it's extremely confusing what's compatible now with the Displayport cards coming out. Right now I have an ATI card that only has 2 HDMI outputs. The problem I've seen is that the ATI driver says it doesn't support more than 4 monitors. So it seems that their eyefinity cards would probably be more hassle than it's worth. I prefer nvidia anyway, they always seem to have really good linux drivers. But I don't see that they offer a card with more than 4 ports. Most of the higher end cards that I've seen have 2 hdmi, 1 dvi, and 1 displayport. Am I mistaken that those cards are limited to 4 monitors? And what about drivers? If I get dual nvidia cards and hook up say 2 HDMI ports + the DVI port on each card, will xorg/nvidia drivers play nice? Will I be able to set up monitors with different resolutions? (I have 2 1920x1080 and 1920x1200 screens right now)? How about x windows? Can you set up xinerama for 6 screens? Or make it able to drag x windows? **Update** : It seems that ati drivers have come a long way recently and that there is official eyefinity support for linux. I think I'm goin gto pick up an ATI 5870 and just see where I can get messing with it. **Update2** :   I ordered a 5870, I'll let you guys know how it goes. I only have a couple monitors I can play with at the moment though.


Shell loses keypresses when running SSH in the background

I'm experiencing a bizarre problem with SSH + Bash + Terminal.app: when SSH is run in the background, the shell appears to randomly lose keypresses ~50% of the time. For example, if I run:               $ ssh -N my-tunnel &     $ # typing becomes lossy      Then type "asdf", only the letters "a" and "f" might show up (although this is random and partially related typing speed; if I was typing at full speed, possibly only the "f" might appear). This problem only affects the shell. If I run, for example, `ssh -N my-tunnel & cat`, characters are echoed as expected from cat. Key presses are lost once cat is killed and I'm back at the shell. Other things to note:   * Other terminal windows are unaffected   * The shell returns to normal as soon as ssh is terminated   * Using `nohup ssh -N my-tunnel &` doesn't change anything So: what's going on here? And is there any way I can background ssh without breaking the terminal?


Replace certain strings with value from former line

I have the following text:               Source IP,URL     1.1.1.1,example1.com     Blank,example2.com     2.2.2.2,example3.com     Blank,example4.com     Blank,example5.com     Blank,example6.com     Blank,example7.com     7.7.7.7,example8.com     Blank,example9.com     Blank,example10.com      How can i replace "Blank" with the the non-blank value above it and get the following output?               Source IP,URL     1.1.1.1,example1.com     1.1.1.1,example2.com     2.2.2.2,example3.com     2.2.2.2,example4.com     2.2.2.2,example5.com     2.2.2.2,example6.com     2.2.2.2,example7.com     7.7.7.7,example8.com     7.7.7.7,example9.com     7.7.7.7,example10.com


How can I set up a job to copy a directory, not overwriting existing files?

How can I create a job that copies the Directory /media/hdd/docs to the Windows share \192.168.1.3\Docs each night at 23:00, not overwriting existing files. The Windows share is shared to "Everyone" With read/Write on a Win2k12 server box


Problem with completion in TexMaker on Elementary OS

I have a problem with TexMaker on my OS. When I type a few words of the command (for example, the word "`\begin{document}`"), it doesn't appear in the list of possible commands as usual. Instead, it waits until I type the full word or whenever I hit the backspace or some letters. I don't know why. That is, I don't know what the feature completion in this program is used for? My OS is Elementary OS - Luna (with kernel is Ubuntu 12.04). I also tried with both the TexMaker installed from software manager (version 3.2) and downloaded from the source (version 4.1).


Root complete history commands

Where can I get root's history except besides `.sh_history`? I've gotten some information but only from `.sh_history` and the `history` command.


Macbook pro 8,1 skype audio

I cannot seem to get skype to use my microphone on this macbook pro 8,1. I've used alsamixer to set all speaker/mic setting to unmute with max volume, nothing. (although when I set the "digital" channel to max there is a loud hissing). The macbook has some strange quirks in it's audio setup. Most devices double for both input and output (eg the mini-jack is both headphone output and mic input). This is why I fear for the worst. Has anyone been able to get it working?


less command runs out of memory

When searching for string (no regex etc.) in large file `less filename` and `less -b 1 filename` quits or prints it cannot allocate memory. `top` shows less using roughly about 5% of memory before it dies (1 sec interval). What other tool can I use that supports large files? The file has only 100 mb of logs.               $ less -V     less 458 (GNU regular expressions)     Copyright (C) 1984-2012 Mark Nudelman      OS details:               $ ulimit -a     -t: cpu time (seconds)              unlimited     -f: file size (blocks)              unlimited     -d: data seg size (kbytes)          unlimited     -s: stack size (kbytes)             8192     -c: core file size (blocks)         0     -m: resident set size (kbytes)      unlimited     -u: processes                       15988     -n: file descriptors                1024     -l: locked-in-memory size (kbytes)  64     -v: address space (kbytes)          2048000     -x: file locks                      unlimited     -i: pending signals                 15988     -q: bytes in POSIX msg queues       819200     -e: max nice                        0     -r: max rt priority                 0     -N 15:                              unlimited     $ cat /etc/*rele*     DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu     DISTRIB_RELEASE=13.10


Enabling bwn in FreeBSD

I am trying to load the bwn driver as a module as mentioned in the man page. However, when I attempted to edit `/boot/defaults/loader.conf` I could not write the changes to the file, this was attempted as root. Then I read that this file is not to be edited. How can I load this driver as a module?


Sharing folder from Windows Host to Freebsd Guest

First of all, let me say that though I use Linux (Red Hat, at work) regularly, I am a complete beginner when it comes to actually administrating it. What I am trying to accomplish:   * I have (at home) a PC with Windows 7 installed   * I would like to run a Unix in Virtual Box, because I am more used to developing / scripting on it I settled on Freebsd at the moment, and I managed to install it and configure the network. The next step is sharing a folder from Windows to Freebsd so that I can easily edit files on Windows and on Freebsd both. Unfortunately it seems a though thing to do. I rummaged on the net and found two different ways:   * mounting a vboxsf   * using samba I installed the guest additions in freebsd using `pkg_add -r virtualbox-ose- additions`, the install proceeded switfly enough, and I edited `/etc/rc.conf` to add the two suggested lines: `vboxguest_enable="YES"` and `vboxservice_enable="YES"` and rebooted. It did not work. The command to mount the system ends up in an error:               # mount -t vboxsf shared /home/myuser/shared     mount: shared : Operation not supported by device      where `shared` is the name of the folder I setup in my virtual box settings for this VM. > Is it actually possible to use a `vboxsf` filesystem type in freebsd ? Some > comments seem to suggest it is not supported but finding up-to-date > information is difficult. Next, I moved on to the samba approach. I basically followed the guide I linked it. Unfortunately it ends up with:               # mount_smbfs -N -I 192.168.56.1 //winuser@winmachinename/Shared /mnt/shared     mount_smbfs: unable to open connection: syserr = RPC struct is bad      where `Shared` is the name of the shared folder I configured with windows, accessible to the `winuser` obviously. The ping works. I would like to note that I have no password on the windows guest account I am trying to connect at, it seemed easier, but perhaps that it's bothering samba somehow. **edit:** working from PuTTY I had not seen that some messages were printed in the console:               smb_maperror: Unmapped error 3:31     smb_co_lock: recursive lock for object 1      both appear several times. **/end of edit** > If the direct filesytem sharing does not work, any idea how to get samba to > do it ? The article suggest it's already be done by some at least. Technical information:   * Host: Windows 7 Familial Edition (up-to-date)   * Guest: FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE #0: Tue Jan 3 07:15:25 UTC 2012 root@obrian.cse.buffalo.edu:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386   * Virtual Box: 4.1.16 r78094 I am open to new suggestions to sharing as well. I would if possible prefer avoiding transferring files back and forth: it's not particularly efficient and always a source of confusing errors. I am also open to changing systems. I like the philosophy of freebsd, but if it does not work, I have no qualms about moving to a linux. **EDIT** : This question is now purely of theoretical interest. I switch to using Ubuntu Server and managed to set it up without samba since vboxsf is well supported.


-not -name does not work with find

I am trying to use find/grep to find some text patterns in my code base. I want to exclude non-source directories into which my build process duplicates source files:               find . -name *.java -not -name *target* -exec grep -l 'someText' {} \; 2>/dev/null      Unfortunately, I still get target directories in the result, e.g.:               ./toplevel/src/com/domain/toplevel/module/SourceFile.java      What am I doing wrong and how do I fix it?


permission denied when executing binary despite "rwx" priviledge and root user

I'm trying to execute some binary with `bash`. I am getting a "Permission denied" message despite having given the full privileges (`chmod 777`) and being the 'root' user: This is the file description: > -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 641K Aug 22 15:04 wrapid This is the error message: > bash: ./wrapid: Permission denied Output of `strace ./wrapid`:               execve("./wrapid", ["./wrapid"], [/* 13 vars */]) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)     write(2, "strace: exec: Permission denied\n", 32strace: exec: Permission denied ) = 32     exit_group(1) = ?     +++ exited with 1 +++      Output of `ldd ./wrapid`:               /usr/bin/ldd: line 104: lddlibc4: command not found not a dynamic executable      Output of `file wrapid`:               wrapid: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV),     dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32,     BuildID[sha1]=0x817251da41b3c8684a68f6f4afa1b4cd8f116072, not stripped       Output of `uname -a`:               Linux WR-IntelligentDevice 3.4.43-grsec-WR5.0.1.7_standard #2 SMP PREEMPT Thu Aug 22 16:27:28 CST 2013 i686 GNU/Linux


Restrict search of locate to specific directories

Is there a way to restrict `locate` output to specific directories on Mac OS X Snow Leopard? I read about using regex on a Ubuntu forum. However, on my mac `locate` does not accept `-r` option. I also looked at the `man` pages for locate on Mac and there is no `-r` option. Thank you.


How to install kernel sources

I 'm running Angstrom distribution (console only) on BeagleBoard-xM. Image was build on Narcissus, with Bootloader Files (x-load/u-boot/scripts) added. I noticed that `usr/src` directory is empty. I intend to install kernel source packages. For this reason, I downloaded Linux kernel 2.6.32 from https://www.kernel.org. What should be my next steps? I 've been searching for days, but I didn't find anything. Any help would really be appreciated.