Installing puppet on RHEL6

While installing puppet on RHEL6 I'm getting the following errors. Though I have installed ruby gems, I'm getting problems with ruby gems dependencies. How do I solve this problem?               [root@INFINI-ONE ~]# yum install puppet     Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager     Updating Red Hat repositories.     core-0                                                   | 1.8 kB     00:00          core-1                                                   | 1.8 kB     00:00          core-2                                                   | 1.8 kB     00:00          core-3                                                   | 1.8 kB     00:00          core-4                                                   | 1.8 kB     00:00          core-5                                                   | 1.8 kB     00:00          puppetlabs-deps                                          | 1.9 kB     00:00          puppetlabs-products                                      | 1.9 kB     00:00          Setting up Install Process     Resolving Dependencies     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package puppet.noarch 0:3.2.1-1.el6 will be installed          --> Processing Dependency: facter >= 1.6.11 for package: puppet-3.2.1-1.el6.noarch          --> Processing Dependency: hiera >= 1.0.0 for package: puppet-3.2.1-1.el6.noarch          --> Processing Dependency: ruby(selinux) for package: puppet-3.2.1-1.el6.noarch          --> Processing Dependency: ruby-augeas for package: puppet-3.2.1-1.el6.noarch          --> Processing Dependency: ruby-rgen for package: puppet-3.2.1-1.el6.noarch          --> Processing Dependency: ruby-shadow for package: puppet-3.2.1-1.el6.noarch          --> Running transaction check          ---> Package facter.x86_64 1:1.7.1-1.el6 will be installed          ---> Package hiera.noarch 0:1.2.1-1.el6 will be installed          --> Processing Dependency: rubygem-json for package: hiera-1.2.1-1.el6.noarch          ---> Package puppet.noarch 0:3.2.1-1.el6 will be installed          --> Processing Dependency: ruby(selinux) for package: puppet-3.2.1-1.el6.noarch          ---> Package ruby-augeas.x86_64 0:0.4.1-1.el6 will be installed          ---> Package ruby-rgen.noarch 0:0.6.2-1.el6 will be installed          ---> Package ruby-shadow.x86_64 0:1.4.1-13.el6 will be installed          --> Running transaction check          ---> Package puppet.noarch 0:3.2.1-1.el6 will be installed          --> Processing Dependency: ruby(selinux) for package: puppet-3.2.1-1.el6.noarch          ---> Package rubygem-json.x86_64 0:1.5.5-1.el6 will be installed          --> Processing Dependency: rubygems for package: rubygem-json-1.5.5-1.el6.x86_64          --> Finished Dependency Resolution          Error: Package: rubygem-json-1.5.5-1.el6.x86_64 (puppetlabs-deps)                Requires: rubygems          Error: Package: puppet-3.2.1-1.el6.noarch (puppetlabs-products)                Requires: ruby(selinux)           You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem           You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest          [root@INFINI-ONE ~]# gem -v          2.0.3


How does one find and replace text with geany in all files in a directory?

I see this discussion: How does one find and replace text in all open files with geany? I want to find and replace all files in a directory. The method suggested in the answer, is very good to find. Now I need to open all found files and use Geany. If the files are hundreds it's not possible to by clicking on the link in Geany. How to do automatically?


Find files in directory with paired names

I'm running tests of a variable-size-and-contents test set. Data files are added and removed frequently. I'm looking for an automated way of gathering a file list. All files are in subdirectories of `D`; I need the full directory and name added to a text file. However, I only need those files that have a "paired" file, which has the same filename but a different extension (so... different filename, but in a structured way). So, if there is a `MyFileName.A` and `MyFileName.B`, then I want `D/.../MyFileName` added to the file list. There are `.A` files without `.B` files, but no `.B` files without `.A` files. If a `.A` has a `.B` file, then both files are in the same directory. Any advice?


Raid 1 or just mirror SATA and USB Harddisk

I think about getting a Cubieboard, and to set up a Linux with OwnCloud. The board has a SATA and two USB Ports. I would like to store the main data on the SATA-HD and use a USB-HD as backup. How should I do it. To set up a RAID-1 between both hard disks is maybe to complicated. So should i just set up chron job to do the job ? What is the best way, to do it ? Thank you!


X server crashes on startup with error message "No V_BIOS found". How can I fix this?

I am running Debian with an ATI Radeon E6760 graphics card and the amd- catalyst-13.12 driver installed. Everything worked fine for a long time. I started the computer with a scientific linux live usb boot on Friday and left it running over the weekend. When I returned to it on Monday the screen was blank. Rebooting with the usual debian setup, the problem remains. I can ssh into the machine and when I try to launch the X server, I get the following output.               root@anita2:/home/anita# X&     [1] 1684     root@anita2:/home/anita#      X.Org X Server 1.7.7     Release Date: 2010-05-04     X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0     Build Operating System: Linux 3.0.0-1-amd64 x86_64 Debian     Current Operating System: Linux anita2 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Mon Feb 25 00:26:11 UTC 2013 x86_64     Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=/dev/mapper/anita2-root ro quiet     Build Date: 29 October 2011  06:58:14PM     xorg-server 2:1.7.7-14 (Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>)      Current version of pixman: 0.16.4         Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org         to make sure that you have the latest version.     Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,         (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,         (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.     (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Tue Jun 10 19:07:49 2014     (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"     (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"     (EE) fglrx(0): No V_BIOS found     (EE) fglrx(0): Failed to obtain VBIOS from Kernel!     (EE) fglrx(0): No V_BIOS found     (EE) fglrx(0): DAL initialization failed!     (EE) fglrx(0): Display Infrastructure Failed     (EE) fglrx(0): PreInit failed          Message from syslogd@anita2 at Jun 10 19:07:50 ...      kernel:[ 1356.269414] Oops: 0000 [#3] SMP           Message from syslogd@anita2 at Jun 10 19:07:50 ...      kernel:[ 1356.269417] last sysfs file: /sys/module/fglrx/initstate          Message from syslogd@anita2 at Jun 10 19:07:50 ...      kernel:[ 1356.269582] Stack:          Message from syslogd@anita2 at Jun 10 19:07:50 ...      kernel:[ 1356.269597] Call Trace:          Message from syslogd@anita2 at Jun 10 19:07:50 ...      kernel:[ 1356.270129] Code: 00 00 48 89 4c 24 38 48 8b 97 80 2a 00 00 48 89 54 24 30 48 8b 54 24 38 48 8b 6a 08 48 39 c5 74 32 49 89 c6 66 66 66 90 66 66 90 <8b> 45 34 4c 8b 6d 08 41 85 c7 74 14 85 db 0f 85 01 01 00 00 a8           Message from syslogd@anita2 at Jun 10 19:07:50 ...      kernel:[ 1356.270249] CR2: 0000000000000034          [1]+  Killed                  X      My xorg conf file:               Section "ServerLayout"             Identifier     "aticonfig Layout"             Screen      0  "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" 0 0     EndSection          Section "Module"     EndSection          Section "Monitor"             Identifier   "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0"             Option      "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver"             Option      "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor"             Option      "DPMS" "true"     EndSection          Section "Device"             Identifier  "aticonfig-Device[0]-0"             Driver      "fglrx"             BusID       "PCI:4:0:0"     EndSection          Section "Screen"             Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0"             Device     "aticonfig-Device[0]-0"             Monitor    "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0"             DefaultDepth     24             SubSection "Display"                     Viewport   0 0                     Depth     24             EndSubSection     EndSection      and xorg log:               X.Org X Server 1.7.7     Release Date: 2010-05-04     X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0     Build Operating System: Linux 3.0.0-1-amd64 x86_64 Debian     Current Operating System: Linux anita2 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Mon Feb 25 00:26:11 UTC 2013 x86_64     Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-2.6.32-5-amd64 root=/dev/mapper/anita2-root ro quiet     Build Date: 29 October 2011  06:58:14PM     xorg-server 2:1.7.7-14 (Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>)      Current version of pixman: 0.16.4             Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org             to make sure that you have the latest version.     Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,             (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,             (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.     (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Tue Jun 10 19:07:49 2014     (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"     (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"     (==) ServerLayout "aticonfig Layout"     (**) |-->Screen "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" (0)     (**) |   |-->Monitor "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0"     (**) |   |-->Device "aticonfig-Device[0]-0"     (==) Automatically adding devices     (==) Automatically enabling devices     (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.             Entry deleted from font path.     (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/" does not exist.             Entry deleted from font path.     (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/" does not exist.             Entry deleted from font path.     (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1" does not exist.             Entry deleted from font path.     (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi" does not exist.             Entry deleted from font path.     (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi" does not exist.             Entry deleted from font path.     (WW) `fonts.dir' not found (or not valid) in "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType".             Entry deleted from font path.             (Run 'mkfontdir' on "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType").     (==) FontPath set to:             /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,             built-ins     (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"     (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.             If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.     (II) Loader magic: 0x7c8a40     (II) Module ABI versions:             X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4             X.Org Video Driver: 6.0             X.Org XInput driver : 7.0             X.Org Server Extension : 2.0     (--) using VT number 7          (--) PCI:*(0:4:0:0) 1002:6743:0000:0000 ATI Technologies Inc rev 0, Mem @ 0xe8000000/134217728, 0xf7920000/131072, I/O @ 0x0000d000/256, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072     (WW) Open ACPI failed (/var/run/acpid.socket) (No such file or directory)     (II) "extmod" will be loaded by default.     (II) "dbe" will be loaded by default.     (II) "glx" will be loaded by default.     (II) "record" will be loaded by default.     (II) "dri" will be loaded by default.     (II) "dri2" will be loaded by default.     (II) LoadModule: "extmod"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libextmod.so     (II) Module extmod: vendor="X.Org Foundation"             compiled for 1.7.7, module version = 1.0.0             Module class: X.Org Server Extension             ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 2.0     (II) Loading extension SELinux     (II) Loading extension MIT-SCREEN-SAVER     (II) Loading extension XFree86-VidModeExtension     (II) Loading extension XFree86-DGA     (II) Loading extension DPMS     (II) Loading extension XVideo     (II) Loading extension XVideo-MotionCompensation     (II) Loading extension X-Resource     (II) LoadModule: "dbe"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libdbe.so     (II) Module dbe: vendor="X.Org Foundation"             compiled for 1.7.7, module version = 1.0.0             Module class: X.Org Server Extension             ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 2.0     (II) Loading extension DOUBLE-BUFFER     (II) LoadModule: "glx"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so     (II) Module glx: vendor="Advanced Micro Devices, Inc."             compiled for 6.9.0, module version = 1.0.0     (II) Loading extension GLX     (II) LoadModule: "record"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/librecord.so     (II) Module record: vendor="X.Org Foundation"             compiled for 1.7.7, module version = 1.13.0             Module class: X.Org Server Extension             ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 2.0     (II) Loading extension RECORD     (II) LoadModule: "dri"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libdri.so     (II) Module dri: vendor="X.Org Foundation"             compiled for 1.7.7, module version = 1.0.0             ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 2.0     (II) Loading extension XFree86-DRI     (II) LoadModule: "dri2"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libdri2.so     (II) Module dri2: vendor="X.Org Foundation"             compiled for 1.7.7, module version = 1.1.0             ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 2.0     (II) Loading extension DRI2     (II) LoadModule: "fglrx"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fglrx_drv.so     (II) Module fglrx: vendor="FireGL - AMD Technologies Inc."             compiled for 1.4.99.906, module version = 13.25.5             Module class: X.Org Video Driver     (II) Loading sub module "fglrxdrm"     (II) LoadModule: "fglrxdrm"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/linux/libfglrxdrm.so     (II) Module fglrxdrm: vendor="FireGL - AMD Technologies Inc."             compiled for 1.4.99.906, module version = 13.25.5     (II) AMD Proprietary Linux Driver Version Identifier:13.25.5     (II) AMD Proprietary Linux Driver Release Identifier: 13.251                                    (II) AMD Proprietary Linux Driver Build Date: Dec  6 2013 15:19:03     (II) Primary Device is: PCI 04@00:00:0     (WW) Falling back to old probe method for fglrx     (II) Loading PCS database from /etc/ati/amdpcsdb /etc/ati/amdpcsdb.default     ukiDynamicMajor: found major device number 252     ukiDynamicMajor: found major device number 252     ukiOpenByBusid: Searching for BusID PCI:4:0:0     ukiOpenDevice: node name is /dev/ati/card0     ukiOpenDevice: open result is 9, (OK)     ukiOpenByBusid: ukiOpenMinor returns 9     ukiOpenByBusid: ukiGetBusid reports PCI:4:0:0     (--) Chipset Supported AMD Graphics Processor (0x6743) found     (II) fglrx(0): pEnt->device->identifier=0xdc0180     (II) fglrx(0): === [xdl_x750_atiddxPreInit] === begin     (II) Loading sub module "vgahw"     (II) LoadModule: "vgahw"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libvgahw.so     (II) Module vgahw: vendor="X.Org Foundation"             compiled for 1.7.7, module version = 0.1.0             ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 6.0     (**) fglrx(0): Depth 24, (--) framebuffer bpp 32     (II) fglrx(0): Pixel depth = 24 bits stored in 4 bytes (32 bpp pixmaps)     (==) fglrx(0): Default visual is TrueColor     (**) fglrx(0): Option "DPMS" "true"     (==) fglrx(0): RGB weight 888     (II) fglrx(0): Using 8 bits per RGB      (==) fglrx(0): Buffer Tiling is ON     (II) Loading sub module "fglrxdrm"     (II) LoadModule: "fglrxdrm"     (II) Reloading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/linux/libfglrxdrm.so     ukiDynamicMajor: found major device number 252     ukiDynamicMajor: found major device number 252     ukiOpenByBusid: Searching for BusID PCI:4:0:0     ukiOpenDevice: node name is /dev/ati/card0     ukiOpenDevice: open result is 11, (OK)     ukiOpenByBusid: ukiOpenMinor returns 11     ukiOpenByBusid: ukiGetBusid reports PCI:4:0:0     (**) fglrx(0): NoAccel = NO     (**) fglrx(0): AMD 2D Acceleration Architecture enabled     (--) fglrx(0): Chipset: "AMD Radeon E6760" (Chipset = 0x6743)     (--) fglrx(0): (PciSubVendor = 0x0000, PciSubDevice = 0x0000)     (==) fglrx(0): board vendor info: third party graphics adapter - NOT original AMD     (--) fglrx(0): Linear framebuffer (phys) at 0xe8000000     (--) fglrx(0): MMIO registers at 0xf7920000     (--) fglrx(0): I/O port at 0x0000d000     (==) fglrx(0): ROM-BIOS at 0x000c0000     (II) fglrx(0): AC Adapter is used     (EE) fglrx(0): No V_BIOS found     (EE) fglrx(0): Failed to obtain VBIOS from Kernel!     (II) Loading sub module "vbe"     (II) LoadModule: "vbe"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libvbe.so     (II) Module vbe: vendor="X.Org Foundation"             compiled for 1.7.7, module version = 1.1.0             ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 6.0     (II) Loading sub module "int10"     (II) LoadModule: "int10"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libint10.so     (II) Module int10: vendor="X.Org Foundation"             compiled for 1.7.7, module version = 1.0.0             ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 6.0     (II) fglrx(0): initializing int10     (EE) fglrx(0): No V_BIOS found     (WW) fglrx(0): GetVBEMode failed     (--) fglrx(0): Video RAM: 0 kByte, Type:      (II) fglrx(0): PCIE card detected     (--) fglrx(0): Using per-process page tables (PPPT) as GART.     (WW) fglrx(0): board is an unknown third party board, chipset is supported     (II) fglrx(0): [FB] MC range(MCFBBase = 0x0, MCFBSize = 0x0)     (II) fglrx(0): RandR 1.2 support is enabled!     (II) fglrx(0): RandR 1.2 rotation support is enabled!     (==) fglrx(0): Center Mode is disabled      (II) Loading sub module "fb"     (II) LoadModule: "fb"     (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfb.so     (II) Module fb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"             compiled for 1.7.7, module version = 1.0.0             ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.4     (II) Loading sub module "ddc"     (II) LoadModule: "ddc"     (II) Module "ddc" already built-in     (EE) fglrx(0): DAL initialization failed!     (EE) fglrx(0): Display Infrastructure Failed     (EE) fglrx(0): PreInit failed     (II) fglrx(0): === [xdl_x750_atiddxPreInit] === end      I notice that BIOS @ 0x????????/131072 in the xorg log probably isn't good. I don't know what could have caused this or how to do anything about it. Any ideas/suggestions?


How to get the same ls with colors working on both OSX and Ubuntu?

When I want color in Ubuntu I do               alias ls='ls --color=always'      but on OSX this gives an error `ls: illegal option -- -` and I need to do               alias ls ='ls -G'      How can I create an alias with the same code and have it work on both systems?


Can rsync store wildcard names (perhaps using a variable)?

I'm copying files from one machine to another. Machine A has files in:               /usr/a/foo/*     /usr/b/foo/*     /usr/c/foo/*     /usr/d/foo/*      Machine B wants these files in:               /foo-1.2.3/usr/a/*     /foo-1.2.3/usr/b/*     /foo-1.2.3/usr/c/*     /foo-1.2.3/usr/d/*      I can flatten the structure using `rsync -ae ssh user@remote:/var/*/foo/ /foo-1.2.3/var/`, and I can separately copy each of the four directories, but I can't figure out if it's possible to do this in a single command without resorting to an outside helper (awk, sed, perl...). Note that this is sheer curiosity at this point, as it has taken longer to figure this out than it already took to do four separate copies.


Installing Dummynet on Linux Ubuntu

I'm new to Ubuntu and I'm trying to install dummynet. I cannot however find a tutorial for Ubuntu. I've tried to follow this tutorial http://goo.gl/ZzKrpk however I get an error when making a kernel path.               $ make KERNELPATH=/usr/src/kernels/3.11.0-18-generic     echo target is all     target is all     (cd ipfw && make all )     make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pamlens/ipfw3-20120119/ipfw'     Makefile:16: Building userland ipfw for  Linux     cc -O1 -Wall -include ../glue.h -I ./include_e -I ./include -D__BSD_VISIBLE -Werror -I/usr/include -DNO_ALTQ   -c -o ipfw2.o ipfw2.c     ipfw2.c: In function ‘show_ipfw’:     ipfw2.c:976:18: error: variable ‘altqptr’ set but not used [-Werror=unused-but-set-variable]     cc1: all warnings being treated as errors     make[1]: *** [ipfw2.o] Error 1     make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pamlens/ipfw3-20120119/ipfw'     make: *** [all] Error 2


Filter the clipboard content without using an intermediate file

I'm trying to modify the text that is in my clipboard, remove certain lines of that contains some strings and then get the output for further manipulation (I prefer coping to my clipboard only if I need it). I was thinking something like this:               cat > swapfile     ##Paste all     grep -v string swapfile     ## Read all     rm swapfile      I try to prevent the file creation and doing everything in the shell stdin/out itself. I tried using pipes, redirections, grep/sed from the input, but none resulted in printing the input without the undesired pattern.


Unable to install Crypt::SSLeay perl module on RHEL 5.7 (x86_64)

Here is the scenario, actually my RHEL 5.7 (x64_86) server don't have internet connection. but I want to install Crypt::SSLeay perl module on that server. So I downloaded it from CPAN & then proceeded to install. please find the below,               [root@rhel Crypt-SSLeay-0.55]# perl Makefile.PL     Skipping testcover target, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Coverage not found     =======================================================     Only one OpenSSL installation found at /usr     Consider running 'perl Makefile.PL --default' the next     time Crypt::SSLeay is upgraded to select this directory     automatically thereby avoiding the following prompt.     =======================================================     Which SSL install path do you want to use? [/usr]          BUILD INFORMATION     ================================================     ssl library: OpenSSL 0.9.8 in /usr     ssl header: openssl/ssl.h     libraries: -L/usr/lib -lssl -lcrypto -lgcc     include dir: -I/usr/include/openssl     ================================================     Note (probably harmless): No library found for -lgcc     Writing Makefile for Crypt::SSLeay     Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json     The test suite can attempt to connect to public servers     to ensure that the code is working properly. If you are     behind a strict firewall or have no network connectivity,     these tests may fail (through no fault of the code).          Do you want to run the live tests (y/N) ? [N]      While running the **`make`** it return so many error as follows below,               [root@rhel Crypt-SSLeay-0.55]# make     Skip blib/lib/Crypt/SSLeay/X509.pm (unchanged)     Skip blib/lib/Net/SSL.pm (unchanged)     Skip blib/lib/Crypt/SSLeay.pm (unchanged)     Skip blib/lib/Crypt/SSLeay/CTX.pm (unchanged)     Skip blib/lib/Crypt/SSLeay/Conn.pm (unchanged)     Skip blib/lib/Crypt/SSLeay/MainContext.pm (unchanged)     Skip blib/lib/Crypt/SSLeay/Err.pm (unchanged)     gcc -c -I/usr/include/openssl -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -Wdeclaration-after-statement -I/usr/local/include -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/gdbm -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -DVERSION=\"0.55\" -DXS_VERSION=\"0.55\" -fPIC "-I/usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/CORE" SSLeay.c     In file included from /usr/include/openssl/ssl.h:191,                      from crypt_ssleay_version.h:1,                      from SSLeay.xs:25:     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:72:18: error: krb5.h: No such file or directory     In file included from /usr/include/openssl/ssl.h:191,                      from crypt_ssleay_version.h:1,                      from SSLeay.xs:25:     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:138: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before âkrb5_enctypeâ     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:153: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âkssl_ctx_setstringâ     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:157: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âkssl_ctx_setprincâ     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:159: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âkssl_cget_tktâ     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:161: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âkssl_sget_tktâ     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:163: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âkssl_ctx_setkeyâ     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:165: error: expected â)â before âcontextâ     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:166: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âkssl_build_principal_2â     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:169: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âkssl_validate_timesâ     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:171: error: expected â=â, â,â, â;â, âasmâ or â__attribute__â before âkssl_check_authentâ     /usr/include/openssl/kssl.h:173: error: expected â)â before âenctypeâ     SSLeay.c: In function âXS_Crypt__SSLeay__CTX_newâ:     SSLeay.c:260: warning: unused variable âpacknameâ     SSLeay.xs: In function âXS_Crypt__SSLeay__CTX_use_pkcs12_fileâ:     SSLeay.xs:175: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value     SSLeay.c: In function âXS_Crypt__SSLeay__Conn_newâ:     SSLeay.c:552: warning: unused variable âpacknameâ     make: *** [SSLeay.o] Error 1      I have check that `openssl` & `openssl-devel` packages are already installed on that server (both i386 & x86_64 packages too). Im not sure what was the problem here, Guys can you help me ? -Ram


Busybox NAS appliance

I have a NAS appliance that crashed last weekend. The IT guys apparently / maybe didn't recover it in the right way? There's about 50,000 directories in a "lost+found" directory each with a numeric name like "#4289756". It looks as if all the missing files are within these directories, each with the original date and owner information (Linux). I need to organize them so they are findable to the staff. My goal is to copy / move these files into a structure so that each employee has their own folder with their own files, and each folder is further divided by month. The appliance itself is running a Busybox, a stripped down Linux version that only supports a subset of the typical Bash commands. I thought I could use a script with the "find" command to sort them by owner and date and then pipe that to "-exec cp" to the appropriate place, but it looks like Busybox doesn't have that ability. Here's a suggestion someone had, but it assumes the original directories have the correct UIDs, which is not the case.               cd /lost+found ; for i in *; do USER=`ls -l $i | awk '{print $3}'`; mkdir -p /home/$USER/recovered ; cp -a $i /home/$USER/recovered/$i ; done


slitaz 4.0 grub2 loopback concatenate multiple initrd images

I'm trying to get slitaz 4.0 ISO to boot using a grub2 loopback on a multiboot USB;               insmod font     if loadfont /boot/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then         insmod gfxterm     #   insmod efi_gop     #   insmod efi_uga         insmod vbe         insmod vga         set gfxmode=auto         set gfxpayload=auto         terminal_output gfxterm          if terminal_output gfxterm; then true ; else             terminal gfxterm         fi     fi          set color_normal=white/black     set color_highlight=white/light-blue          set drive_uuid=DA64-F023     set isopath=/iso          menuentry "Slitaz 4.0" {         set isofile="$isopath/slitaz-4.0.iso"         loopback loop $isofile         linux (loop)/boot/bzImage rw root=/dev/null vga=normal autologin isofrom=$isofile noeject noprompt lang=en kmap=en         initrd (loop)/boot/rootfs4.gz (loop)/boot/rootfs3.gz (loop)/boot/rootfs2.gz (loop)/boot/rootfs1.gz     } # screen=text home=usb (need ext3 partition)      It does reach a terminal prompt however is unable to startx due to missing files - I would believe because the multiple initrd images haven't been loaded. Does anyone know if grub2 supports loading multiple initrd images, and if so what syntax is used?


Need reference on the usage of bist commands

I have an embedded device that has bist on it. During boot up I can stop in uboot and get into bist. When I do `help`here I see a list of commands. I am however unable to use them because there is not much help on how to use them. Does anybody know how to bist commands? This is what I am talking about:               bist > help     ?       - alias for 'help'     autoscr - DEPRECATED - use "source" command instead     base    - print or set address offset     boot    - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'     check   - perform MMC CRC32 check     cmp     - memory compare     coninfo - print console devices and information     cp      - memory copy     crc32   - checksum calculation     diag    - perform board diagnostics     echo    - echo args to console     go      - start application at address 'addr'     halt    - halt board     help    - print online help     i2c     - I2C sub-system     idme    - idme    - Set nv ram variables     iminfo  - print header information for application image     itest   - return true/false on integer compare     loadb   - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)     loads   - load S-Record file over serial line     loady   - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode)     loop    - infinite loop on address range     loopw   - infinite write loop on address range     md      - memory display     mm      - memory modify (auto-incrementing address)     mmc     - MMC sub system     mmcinfo - mmcinfo <dev num>-- display MMC info     mtest   - simple RAM read/write test     mw      - memory write (fill)     nm      - memory modify (constant address)     ocotp   - OCOTP sub system     panic   - panic halt     pass    - pass blink pass pattern on LED     pmic    - pmic    - PMIC utility commands     printenv- print environment variables     reset   - Perform RESET of the CPU     run     - run commands in an environment variable     setenv  - set environment variables     sleep   - delay execution for some time     source  - run script from memory     sspi    - SPI utility commands     version - print monitor version


Determining the exit status of the "return" built-in

I was reading about traps, but only return works for me in my shell script, so was wondering what status or code it returns, so what I tried is,               #!/bin/bash     seeOutput=`return`     echo $seeOutput      It's just returning a new line and when done on terminal, it says,               -bash: return: can only `return' from a function or sourced script      which I already know :p I just need to know "return"'s exit status, please help!


ir-keytable modifier keys support

I'd like to add modifier keys to some of my ir-keytable tables. I've tried with the following syntax:               0x48e KEY_LEFTALT+KEY_RIGHT   # >> right jump      But it is not working (the scancode=keycode association is simply skipped).


Equivalency of Debian Backport vs build from source?

I am looking to use Node.js in a Debian Wheezy Stable system. Of course it is not available as a package, so my choices are:   1. Compile from source    2. Load from Wheezy back ports My question is basically: Given that either way I end up with an executable, is this fundamentally the same thing? Or are there benefits either way? The reason I am asking this is I want to use Node.js on a minimalistic system where I don't want to have to install development tools.


Creating new initrd without installing kernel

How can i create initrd image for a new(experimental) kernel without actually installing it. (Existing tools to create initrd based on config and details from installed kernel.) Say i compile a new kernel with experimental features turned on, i have this in another separate partition. I would like to boot into this kernel, for that will old initrd work ? if i want to create a new initrd.img for new kernel without actually installing kernel, how can i do it ? BTW, can someone clarify about initramfs ? will it be useful for my scenario ?


I'm running Whonix Workstation 8.2 and would like to run it at full resolution 1920 x 1080 but that option is not available

I'm running Whonix gateway and whonix workstation on a Windows host. Both are up-to-date. I would like to run the workstation at my monitors native resolution of 1920 x 1080, but the highest resolution available in settings is 1024 x 786. Is there a way to increase this?


make permanent virtual interface?

I want to have two IPs sharing the same interface and it's just working fine by creating a virtual interface using the following command (`eth0` is my original interface):               ifconfig eth0:0 <someip> netmask <somenetmask>      It works fine and I can see it using `ifconfig` until I restart the system. So, I did create `ifcfg-eth0:0` in `/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/` with this content:               DEVICE=eth0:0     IPADDR=<some ip>     NETMASK=<some netmask>     ONBOOT=yes      However, when I put this virtual interface up, it overwrites the original interface and when I put original interface up, it overwrites the virtual interface. I just can't use both at the same time when I'm using the permanent way. P.S.: I use the following commands to put interface up:               # To make up         ifup eth0      ifup eth0:0      I'm using cent-OS


Is tty_nr referenced anywhere else in GNU/Linux procfs?

This is a problem I've been trying to solve on my own for some time without any luck. I'm trying to write a script that (amongst other things) can take an arbitrary PID and map it to TTY device's path (the function I'm writing will return "(notty)" if there isn't an associated TTY). In my attempt to do the above I've been trying to use the the tty_nr in /proc/ _[pid]_ /stat:               tty_nr %d   (7) The controlling terminal of the process.  (The                               minor device number is contained in the                               combination of bits 31 to 20 and 7 to 0; the major                               device number is in bits 15 to 8.)      I can extract the major and minor numbers, no problem. My issue comes into play when I try to translate that into a device path: **Do I just do a`find` under /dev for a match and accept the first one? Is there a more elegant way of doing this?** I did find this and it seems that the python script has some sort of mapping of tty_nr numbers to physical paths but I can't find any other part of the script that actually populates this list to see where they're getting their data from to see if I can create a Linux analog. It's also possible that it depends on some BSD-ism but I ran into a brick wall. Basically, I'm trying to not kick off another process if I can help it. Also, the whole "kick off a process with an unknown number of results but only take the first result" approach seems kind of...kludgy. Since I have to show this code to other people I'd like to have a more or less deterministic way of accomplishing this. I would like some guarantee that if (for any reason) there are multiple device files underneath /dev with that major/minor (kind of a corner case, I know, but it'll bug me) that my code will default to whatever the "official" path to the TTY is. Of course if my concerns about non-determinism of the extract-then-search method are unfounded, that would be good news, I would just want to understand why they're unfounded. All else fails I guess I could just try restricted searches for common paths (/dev/pts* /dev/tty* etc) before moving onto a sweep of all /dev.


Finding out the common lines in two files using 4 fields using awk and UNIX

I have 2 files. If field 1, 2, 4 and 5 of both file1 and file2 matches, then I want to print the whole line of file1 and file2 one after another in my output file. **File1:**               sc2/80         20      .        A       T         86   F=5;U=4     sc2/60         55      .        G       T         76   F=5;U=4      sc2/68         20      .        T       C         71   F=5;U=4     sc2/24         24      .        T       G         31   F=5;U=4      **File2:**               sc2/99         84      .        C       G         61   F=5;U=4     sc2/80         20      .        A       T         30   F=5;U=4     sc2/60         40      .        G       T         76   F=5;U=4      sc2/30         20      .        T       C         71   F=5;U=4     sc2/24         24      .        T       G         91   F=5;U=4      **Expected Output:**               sc2/80         20      .        A       T         86       F=5;U=4     sc2/80         20      .        A       T         30       F=5;U=4     sc2/24         24      .        T       G         31       F=5;U=4     sc2/24         24      .        T       G         91       F=5;U=4      I am new in the field and I appreciate your help.


cronjob time 13 * * * *

It surely going to sound like a silly question but i wanted to have a confirm about that crontab time               13 * * * *      does it really mean to launch at the 13th minute of every hr of every day of every week and so on? Thx in advance


How to ascertain remaining space on an isolated partition from the command line

I was recently told by another developer that whilst diagnosing a server issue (our application could not write logs due to insufficient disk space) he was able to view remaining disk space on what he called an 'isolated partition'. He said that this partition was on `/var` (I may have my terms incorrect here). What I usually do to check disk space is `df -h` but this told me that disk usage was well below 50%. The developer in question has since left the company and I would like to know: a) what he meant b) how to view percentage disk usage on all volumes, partitions etc in a one-liner from a shell. I also tried `mount` to list all mounted partitions but could not see anything relating to `/var`


How to apply a patch in OpenBSD?

I have comp54.tgz installed.               # cd /root && ftp http://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/`uname -r`/src.tar.gz && tar -xzf /root/src.tar.gz -C /usr/src     # uname -r     5.4     # pwd     /usr/src     # ls -la     total 124     drwxrwxr-x   17 root  wsrc     512 Apr 13 19:35 .     drwxr-xr-x   17 root  wheel    512 Jul 30  2013 ..     drwxr-xr-x    2 root  wsrc     512 Jul 29  2013 CVS     -rw-r--r--    1 root  wsrc    3456 Jul 24  2013 Makefile     -rw-r--r--    1 root  wsrc   16419 Jul  7  2013 Makefile.cross     drwxr-xr-x   36 root  wsrc    1024 Jul 29  2013 bin     drwxr-xr-x   31 root  wsrc     512 Jul 29  2013 distrib     drwxr-xr-x   35 root  wsrc    2560 Jul 29  2013 etc     drwxr-xr-x   44 root  wsrc    1024 Jul 29  2013 games     drwxr-xr-x    9 root  wsrc     512 Jul 29  2013 gnu     drwxr-xr-x    7 root  wsrc    2048 Jul  7  2013 include     drwxr-xr-x   11 root  wsrc     512 Jul 29  2013 kerberosV     drwxr-xr-x   40 root  wsrc    1024 Jul 29  2013 lib     drwxr-xr-x   40 root  wsrc    1024 Jul 29  2013 libexec     drwxr-xr-x   15 root  wsrc     512 Jul 10  2010 regress     drwxr-xr-x   78 root  wsrc    1536 Jul 29  2013 sbin     drwxr-xr-x   14 root  wsrc     512 Jul 29  2013 share     drwxr-xr-x  228 root  wsrc    4096 Jul 29  2013 usr.bin     drwxr-xr-x  144 root  wsrc    2560 Jul 29  2013 usr.sbin     # which gcc     /usr/bin/gcc     #      # ftp http://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/patches/5.4/common/001_pflow.patch       Trying 129.128.5.191...     Requesting http://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/patches/5.4/common/001_pflow.patch     100% |*******************************************************|   803       00:00         803 bytes received in 0.00 seconds (11.10 MB/s)     #      # patch -p0 < 001_pflow.patch                                                    Hmm...  Looks like a unified diff to me...     The text leading up to this was:     --------------------------     |Apply by doing:     |       cd /usr/src     |       patch -p0 < 001_pflow.patch     |     |Then build and install a new kernel.     |     |Index: sys/net/if_pflow.c     |===================================================================     |RCS file: /vol/openbsd/cvs/src/sys/net/if_pflow.c,v     |retrieving revision 1.32     |diff -u -p -r1.32 if_pflow.c     |--- sys/net/if_pflow.c 5 Jul 2013 17:14:27 -0000       1.32     |+++ sys/net/if_pflow.c 7 Nov 2013 16:48:45 -0000     --------------------------     File to patch: # what do I need to write here???????     No file found--skip this patch? [n]      patch: **** can't find #     #       **My question** : how do I get past of the "File to patch: "?


Which softirq will execute if interrupt is generated on same line: preempted or new softirq?

Following is the sequence of events:   1. interrupt generated at line 1.   2. line 1 disable.   3. ISR executed. Set sofirq bit 1   4. line 1 enable.   5. softirq executes and suddenly interrupts come at line 1.   6. softirq preempted.   7. ISR executed. softirq bit 1 (it was aready 1 as sofirq 1 was not executed completely)   8. line 1 enable. Now which softirq will execute: preempted one or a new one? If the preempted one resumes, then it will reset sotirq bit hence new softirq won't execute. Same case if the new softirq executes first.


Mounting ISO in Linux/KDE

Is there a graphical, preferably integrated with Dolphin, utility for mounting ISO images?


How to improve Windows perfomance when running inside KVM

I use Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit and KVM, my CPU is Core i5 3.3 GHz and I have 8 GB of DDR3 RAM. I run Windows 7 in KVM and it's extremely slow. My co-worker use Debian on the same PC configuration and can run Windows 7 extremely fast! Where can be my problem?               [guyfawkes@guyfawkes-pc ~/work]$ sudo cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/windows.xml     <!--     WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE      OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:       virsh edit windows     or other application using the libvirt API.     -->          <domain type='kvm'>       <name>windows</name>       <uuid>5c685175-baea-0ca6-591f-8269d923ffb8</uuid>       <memory>2097152</memory>       <currentMemory>2097152</currentMemory>       <vcpu>1</vcpu>       <os>         <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-1.0'>hvm</type>         <boot dev='hd'/>       </os>       <features>         <acpi/>         <apic/>         <pae/>       </features>       <clock offset='localtime'/>       <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>       <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>       <on_crash>restart</on_crash>       <devices>         <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator>         <disk type='file' device='disk'>           <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>           <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/windows.img'/>           <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>           <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' unit='0'/>         </disk>         <controller type='ide' index='0'>           <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>         </controller>         <interface type='network'>           <mac address='52:54:00:94:63:91'/>           <source network='default'/>           <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>         </interface>         <serial type='pty'>           <target port='0'/>         </serial>         <console type='pty'>           <target type='serial' port='0'/>         </console>         <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>         <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>         <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes'/>         <sound model='ich6'>           <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>         </sound>         <video>           <model type='vga' vram='262144' heads='1'/>           <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>         </video>         <memballoon model='virtio'>           <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>         </memballoon>       </devices>     </domain>      **UPD** : I've enabled Intel-VT before installing KVM. I've successfully installed VirtIO drivers, and it gave me a few of performance, but, for example, when I open Firefox in Windows, even mouse moves very slowly, and GUI is very slow too. ![KVM virtual machines manager](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Jo9MN.png)


Where are all the posibilities of storing a log file

I'm writing a program, and would like it to store a log file. Problem is, the program really shouldn't be ran as root. So if I wanted to uphold to the traditions of where files are placed, where could I keep the log file if not in /var/log that a normal user would have permissions to? Edit: I'm using Arch linux.


Separate speakers and headphones output

I have a PC with builtin soundcard, and it has one output for the speakers (behind the computer) and one for the headphones (on the front side). When I play something, the sound goes to both outputs. I'd like to have the two devices detected separately, so I can choose which of them should play what. In KMix I can disable the speakers (shown as Front) and the headphones separately. However, in the applications' audio settings, all the devices available either play on both or none of them. My OS is PCLinuxos, using ALSA as sound server. Here's my alsa-info output.


Different Kernel in /boot and the kernel built tree

I discovered after a binary comparision that my old kernel in /boot was different from the kernel that I had built and kept backed up in the kernel source tree. A while ago I also had a few Segmenentation faults when using dig. But I didn't pay any attention to it. Now I am looking to find a way to analyze what parts of the two kernels are different and also to figure out what these parts are, what their specific use is. I want to investigate this because I want to know if this was an actual hack or that I somehow must have made a mistake in maintaining my system and accidentally broke a procedure or skipped a step when I last updated my kernel. Besides that I also want to know how to closer investigate kernel crash dumps to see what went wrong, what caused the segmentation faults.


Where to get logs for Gnome3 when "Oh no! Something has gone wrong." appears?

I have recently upgraded my ArchLinux and Gnome3 got broken. On boot, GDM shows up (and works), however, when trying to log in Gnome3 session, I recieve "Oh no! Something has gone wrong." screen. Other sessions (i3-wm) work well. Where could I get more useful information about what actually causes the problem? I tried to google where are the gnome3 log files are, but I was not successful.


Maximising windows in dual-monitor setup

I'm using a dual-dual setup and would like to have youtube videos running maximised on one screen while freeing up the other screen for my IDE. However, as soon as I click the mouse the youtube video will revert back to regular size. Is there a work-around for this? Any help appreciated.


Reconfigure line-in as analog-out

I am trying to reconfigure my "line in" as another "analog out" and use it alongside with the default analog out port. I am using an onboard realtek sound card. It is very simple to do this in windows with driver gui but no way to do it in linux apparently. Linux localhost 3.9.9-1-ARCH #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Jul 3 22:45:16 CEST 2013 x86_64 GNU/Linux


Inotifywait for large number of files in a directory

What I want to do is, to monitor a directory (not recursive, just one) for new files created and append those files to one single big file as they are being written. The number of files that are being written is huge, could reach as much as 50,000. By using `inotifywait`, I am monitoring the directory like:               inotifywait -m -e create ~/folder | awk '($2=="CREATE"){print $3}' > ~/output.file      So I am storing names of new files created in `~/output.file` and then using a for loop               for FILE in `cat ~/output.file`      do         cat $FILE >> ~/test.out     done      It works fine, if the rate at which a file is being written (created) in `~/folder` is like 1 file per second. But the requirement is large, and the rate at which the files are being created is very high, like 500 files per minute (or even more). I checked the number of files in the `~/folder` after the process is complete, but it does not match the `inotifywait` output. There is a difference of like 10-15 files, varies. Also, the loop               for FILE in `cat ~/output.file`     do     done      doesn't process all the files in `~/output.file` as they are being written. Can anyone please suggest me an elegant solution to this problem?


Disk space on Fedora 12

I'm using Fedora 12 on my laptop. I have 10GB disk space and 2GB of them are free. After 2-3 days uptime the space ends and I must reboot. After rebooting I get 2GB free space back. How can I prevent this? Mostly I use Firefox, Chrome, Gedit, Rhythmbox and in background: httpd, mysqld, conky. RAM: 1GB, Swap: 1.2 GB.


How to convert a group of video files using FFMPEG?

I have several video files in a directory and I want to convert all of them into other video formats.   Is there any way that I can convert all of them in just one go using FFMPEG. I mean without having to make a shell script for doing so.


Debian 7.1: duplicity error when using gdocs backend

I've installed `duplicity` backup tool plus `python-gdata` library on my debian 7.1 amd64 system. When I want to use `duplicity` to store my documents on Google Drive, it shows this error after asking for my password:               BackendException: Error while fetching remote entries: 'DocsClient' object has no attribute 'get_everything'.      This is the command I run:               duplicity documents/ gdocs://my_user_name@gmail.com      when I add `\--verbose debug` option, this is the error:               Using temporary directory /tmp/duplicity-fgU3N8-tempdir     Backend error detail: Traceback (most recent call last):       File "/usr/bin/duplicity", line 1404, in <module>         with_tempdir(main)       File "/usr/bin/duplicity", line 1397, in with_tempdir         fn()       File "/usr/bin/duplicity", line 1248, in main         action = commandline.ProcessCommandLine(sys.argv[1:])       File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/commandline.py", line 1007, in ProcessCommandLine         backup, local_pathname = set_backend(args[0], args[1])       File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/commandline.py", line900, in set_backend         globals.backend = backend.get_backend(bend)       File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/backend.py", line 158, in get_backend         return _backends[pu.scheme](pu)       File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/backends/gdocsbackend.py", line 62, in __init__         entries = self.__fetch_entries(parent_folder_id, 'folder', folder_name)       File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/backends/gdocsbackend.py", line 245, in __fetch_entries         self.__handle_error('Error while fetching remote entries: %s.' % str(e))       File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/duplicity/backends/gdocsbackend.py", line 182, in __handle_error         raise BackendException(message)     BackendException: Error while fetching remote entries: 'DocsClient' object has no attribute 'get_everything'.      duplicity is version 0.6.18-3 does it have something to do with Google Docs becoming Google Drive? could it be that API or urls have changes since then? Debian software is pretty old, so this could be. If so, what can I do to make duplicity work? Edit: I just installed duplicity version 0.6.22 and `gdata` in a virtualenv. I enter the same username and password as before, but the error message changed to this:               BackendException: Invalid user credentials given. Be aware that accounts that use 2-step verification require creating an application specific access code for using this Duplicity backend. Follow the instrucction in http://www.google.com/support/accounts/bin/static.py?page=guide.cs&guide=1056283&topic=1056286 and create your application-specific password to run duplicity backups.      I'm just trying duplicity, but as I understand deja-dup which is ubuntu's primary backup tool is based on duplicity. Is duplicity a reliable backup tool?


ssh session never exits cleanly

I've been having this issue, that when I `exit` a **ssh session** , it never quits properly. I have to kill it with Ctrl-C. Example Session Below:               [stefan@desktop ~]$ ssh stefan@10.0.0.4     [stefan@laptop ~]$ # do some stuff     [stefan@laptop ~]$ exit     logout     ^CKilled by signal 2.     [stefan@desktop ~]$      Is there a reason this happens? ( some running proccess that blocks a clean exit perhaps ). And how can I fix it?


Does /init (or /linuxrc) script creates temporary device nodes in /dev?

Considering that GRUB executes following lines:               kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1 ro     initrd /initrd      On boot, how does the Linux kernel finds out about `/dev/sda1` device node? I know that initrd/initramfs images contain modules for storage (etc.) devices, which are loaded into memory to enable access to the storage. What bugs me, is how exactly the kernel parameter `root=/dev/sda1` is parsed by the kernel. Does the `/init` (or `/linuxrc`) script in initrd/initramfs creates the `/dev` directory and then the device node `/dev/sda1` in it? Or the "major" and "minor" numbers for `/dev/sda1` are hardcoded in the kernel?


Access point (with hostapd) on the same interface as the network/gateway?

I wonder if it should be possible to have an wireless access point using hostapd (as described in Set up an access point) on the same interface that connects to a wireless network for internet. I have a working setup where hostapd runs on wlan0 and I can use the internet from eth0 - so internet and AP are on different interfaces/devices. The wireless card is a Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205 card. Should this be possible given this hardware in general?


prefork doesn't appear to be listening to MaxClients in config file

Apologies in advance if this is a stupid question, I'm new to all of this! I have prefork installed on a ubuntu server which I confirmed by running aptitude search apache2-mpm- Which gave me               p   apache2-mpm-event                                                                                - Apache HTTP Server - event driven model     p   apache2-mpm-itk                                                                                - multiuser MPM for Apache 2.2     i A apache2-mpm-prefork                                                                                - Apache HTTP Server - traditional non-threaded model     p   apache2-mpm-worker                                                                                - Apache HTTP Server - high speed threaded model     root@redflagwiki:/etc/apache2/sites-enabled# vi /etc/apache2/apache2.conf     root@redflagwiki:/etc/apache2/sites-enabled# aptitude search apache2-mpm-     p   apache2-mpm-event                                                                                - Apache HTTP Server - event driven model     p   apache2-mpm-itk                                                                                - multiuser MPM for Apache 2.2     i A apache2-mpm-prefork                                                                                - Apache HTTP Server - traditional non-threaded model     p   apache2-mpm-worker                                                                                - Apache HTTP Server - high speed threaded model      In my apache2.conf file I have               <IfModule mpm_prefork_module>         StartServers          5         MinSpareServers       5         MaxSpareServers      10         MaxClients          100         MaxRequestsPerChild   0     </IfModule>      but this seems to being ignored as the server is allowing apache to run 200+ times until it dies and then has to be restarted. Any ideas?


start process so that it can't spawn new ones

Is it possible to start new process so that it couldn't spawn new ones (untrusted code)? Also how do I start a process so it couldn't make any input/output to files and in general any devices?


Keyboard bindings from bash to zsh?

I have the following entries on my `.inputrc` for bash:               "\C-p": history-search-backward     "\C-n": history-search-forward     "\e[A": history-search-backward     "\e[B": history-search-forward     "\e[C": forward-char     "\e[D": backward-char     "\ew": copy-region-as-kill      I just moved to `zsh`, and would like to keep the same keyboard bindings I have in bash. Do the lines above have an equivalent in `zsh`?


grep - recognize carriage return as new line

I want to search a webserver running unix for php-files containing a specific string. Usually I use these commands to accomplish this: find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -H -i "the string to search for" This has worked great so far, but now I've encountered a server where all the php-scripts don't have any line feeds, but instead only carriage returns. grep doesn't seem to recognize carriage return as new line, so the command above will print the entire contents of a file if there is a match within it, instead of just printing the line. Any help would be greatly appreciated!


Editing nsswitch.conf file safely

What's the best way to edit the `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file other than just using `sed -i` to edit it in place or overwrite it in total. For our build we need to make changes to this file without destroying it if future changes occur in later packages. I was hoping there was a tool to HELO interact with it but, that doesn't seem to exist. This is on redhat.


What Ubiquity files should I change or interface with to make a change to Ubiquity?

There's a difference between the GTK and Qt/KDE versions of the Ubiquity installer. The GTK version doesn't take you to a manual disk partitioner if you choose the dual boot radio button. The Qt version on the other hand takes you to a manual partitioner when the dual boot option is selected. I'd like to change this so the Qt version figures out a partition scheme automatically instead of taking the user to a manual partitioner. I know the Ubiquity front end is written in Python and the Qt version uses PyQt 4, but that's about all I've been able to glean from the source code so far. So I actually have three questions. First: what files should I be looking to change or interface with to do this. Second: since what I'm doing requires a degree of automation of disk partitioning (namely figuring out swap space size from RAM size) is there any information on disk partitioning under Linux/Ubiquity? Third: what specific version of PyQt does the development version of Ubiquity use? I need to know this so I can download the correct software versions.


Greek characters in mutt's sidebar (mailboxes names sourced via offlineimap)

Mutt's sidebar, does not read properly Greek characters (mailboxes named by using Greek characters). Anyhow, there is no such problem inside both the index and the pager, where Greek characters/words/names appear just fine.                         ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/YTyTE.jpg) **Update after Gilles' comment** The setup in question, used from two different systems (a workstation and a laptop, both sporting Funtoo and GNU bash, version 4.2.45(1)-release), includes mutt for reading/writing e-mails from/to an IMAP server. The response to `locale` is               LANG=en_US.UTF-8     LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_COLLATE=POSIX     LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"     LC_ALL=      and no locale variable is set in any of mutt's configuration files. Messages are actually synced via offlineimap and sent using postfix. **offlineimap** , records the list of mailboxes (names) in a file (i.e. a file named `mailboxes`) which is sourced in one of mutt's configuration files (by instructing `source ~/.mutt/mailboxes`). Looking at the content of the `mailboxes` file, reveals that the Greek names are already "misinterpreted". In any case, the Greek names appear fine via a webmail client (RoundCube), which accesses too the same IMAP server and, thus, the suspect mailboxes. ### Questions   * Why does this happen?   * Is it an `offlineimap` misconfiguration issue?   * How can it be resolved?


Can't connect to an external RDS TSG server from home

We have a company RDS (Remote Desktop Server) TSG (Terminal Services Gateway) server, which allows employees to connect to an RDS session from home, so they can see a work RDS desktop from home. This works fine on their home computers using windows 7 with the following settings:                         ![General Settings](http://i.stack.imgur.com/K6Wrz.png)                         ![Connection Settings](http://i.stack.imgur.com/n51AT.png) However, some users have Linux at home and are trying to use freerdp 1.2.0. I've tested this on a laptop connected to the internal company LAN using the following command and it works fine:               $ xfreerdp /f /rfx /cert-ignore /v:farm.company.com /d:company.com /u:administrator /p:      However, if I try to use that command on a laptop, which is not using the company LAN connection, i.e. a home connection, I get this:               freerdp_set_last_error 0x2000C     Error: protocol security negotiation or connection failure      So I'm now trying to use some of the new TSG commands in freerdp 1.2.0 as follows, but that also doesn't work. I can only see 4 TSG related commands:               /g:<gateway>[:port] Gateway Hostname     /gu:[<domain>]<user> or <user>[@<domain>] Gateway username     /gp:<password> Gateway password     /gd:<domain> Gateway domain      I read somewhere that I only really need to use `/g` in my particular scenario, I may have read that incorrectly. So when I try:               $ xfreerdp /f /rfx /cert-ignore /v:farm.company.com /d:company.com /g:rds.company.com /u:administrator /p:      That will give me:               Could not open SAM file!     Could not open SAM file!     Could not open SAM file!     Could not open SAM file!     rts_connect: error! Status Code: 401     HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized     Content-Type: text/plain     Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5     WWW-Authenticate: Negotiate     WWW-Authenticate: NTLM     WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="rds.company"     X-Powered-By: ASP.NET     Date: Wed, 02 Jul 2014 12:36:41 GMT     Content-Length: 13      Considering the original command:               $ xfreerdp /f /rfx /cert-ignore /v:farm.company.com /d:company.com /u:administrator /p:      This works on a Linux laptop, which is connected to the network within the company LAN. Why can't I use a similar command (with the extra TSG parameters) on the same Linux laptop, which is connected to the internet at home? Am I not using the new TSG switches correctly?


Why does Ctrl+Arrow make my terminal switch to a strange mode?

When i type Ctrl+Left or Ctrl+Right within `Guake` or `gnome-terminal` the last one's behaviour turns to a some kind of non-usual mode: `-` key acts like `arrow up` and `+` like `arrow down`, `v` runs Nano, etc. How can i disable this _feature_ ? **UPD:** my friend told me that's X.org hotkeys... How can i disable 'em? Googling does not help at all... **UPD2** : here's a video showing what's going on.


Linux server monitoring software

The dedicated server I'm looking after started to crash occasionally, I suspect because of overload, so I need some performance/resource based monitoring software, preferably with web interface, something like OpenNMS which I have tried, but did not like. The OS is Linux CentOS 5.3 P.S. There over 50 websites running on the server, if the monitoring software could show which one is consuming most resources that would be most helpful.


Can I split /boot to a different partition on a single partition system?

I have set up my system, configured it and everything, using only one partition for / (ext4). So no separate home, boot, swap etc. So the question is: Is there a way to go from this configuration to a 'separate' partition set-up? Can I make room for a separate boot partition and maybe copy my /boot there?


How sudo/root-ness detection works

Programs that make changes system-wide require `sudo` _unless I am already the root user_. Now, the question is: _how **exactly_** does the system figure out that I am (not) root? Does it:   * Check to see if I'm in a specific group? If so, which group do I need to be in?   * Check against a well-known ID of root itself (i.e. "the root user" is hard-coded into the source)?   If so, what happens if my root account gets corrupted? Would I be forced to reinstall the OS, since there's no way to create another account with root privileges?   * Check my name/group against some file's contents and granting the right privilege? If so, which file contains this information?   * Do something else? If so, what does it do?


How to remap the Context Menu key to the Super key

This keyboard has only one super key, so I want to remap the menu key to make up for that.


no network connection

I am Newbie to CentOS. I have problems with my network connection `eth0` I created `/ifcfg-eth0` file since it was not present at `/network-scripts`. I tried `ifconfig` which does not display `eth0`. I have `wlan0` which gets connected at ease. I have checked `service NetworkManager status` and `service network status` all is fine. I also ran:               $ lspci | grep -i net     03:00.0 Ethernet Controller: Qualcomm Atheros QCA8171 Gigabit Ethernet(rev 10)


Understanding btrfs dmesg

Based on the documentation I found at https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Data_Structures I am strugeling to understand the following dmesg               [  173.946830] device fsid 02cc6d9f-28c6-45f4-b69e-f3ec8d6c24a5 devid 1 transid 21 /dev/loop0     [  173.947044] device fsid 02cc6d9f-28c6-45f4-b69e-f3ec8d6c24a5 devid 1 transid 21 /dev/loop0     [  173.947541] btrfs: disk space caching is enabled     [  174.000257] btrfs: mismatching generation and generation_v2 found in root item. This root was probably mounted with an older kernel. Resetting all new fields.     [  174.012216] parent transid verify failed on 30113792 wanted 13 found 35     [  174.018261] parent transid verify failed on 30113792 wanted 13 found 35     [  174.057499] btrfs: open_ctree failed      What is going wrong in which tree? More specific what is a btrfs parent transid?               root@v7:/srv# btrfs-debug-tree -b 30113792 disk     parent transid verify failed on 30113792 wanted 13 found 35     parent transid verify failed on 30113792 wanted 13 found 35     parent transid verify failed on 30113792 wanted 13 found 35     parent transid verify failed on 30113792 wanted 13 found 35     Ignoring transid failure     leaf 30113792 items 18 free space 447 generation 35 owner 5     fs uuid 02cc6d9f-28c6-45f4-b69e-f3ec8d6c24a5     chunk uuid 73044589-a58e-4314-891f-1d9ce4b53540         item 0 key (51372 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 3835 itemsize 160             inode generation 28 transid 31 size 655 block group 0 mode 100640 links 1         item 1 key (51372 INODE_REF 477) itemoff 3818 itemsize 17             inode ref index 356 namelen 7 name: nshadow         item 2 key (51372 EXTENT_DATA 0) itemoff 3142 itemsize 676             inline extent data size 655 ram 655 compress 0         item 3 key (51401 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 2982 itemsize 160             inode generation 32 transid 33 size 59 block group 0 mode 100640 links 1         item 4 key (51401 INODE_REF 51225) itemoff 2962 itemsize 20             inode ref index 34 namelen 10 name: dmesg.1.gz         item 5 key (51401 EXTENT_DATA 0) itemoff 2882 itemsize 80             inline extent data size 59 ram 59 compress 0         item 6 key (51402 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 2722 itemsize 160             inode generation 32 transid 32 size 25630 block group 0 mode 100640 links 1         item 7 key (51402 INODE_REF 51225) itemoff 2707 itemsize 15             inode ref index 37 namelen 5 name: dmesg         item 8 key (51402 EXTENT_DATA 0) itemoff 2654 itemsize 53             extent data disk byte 699076608 nr 28672             extent data offset 0 nr 28672 ram 28672             extent compression 0         item 9 key (51428 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 2494 itemsize 160             inode generation 34 transid 34 size 598 block group 0 mode 100644 links 1         item 10 key (51428 INODE_REF 477) itemoff 2480 itemsize 14             inode ref index 460 namelen 4 name: mtab         item 11 key (51428 EXTENT_DATA 0) itemoff 1861 itemsize 619             inline extent data size 598 ram 598 compress 0         item 12 key (51429 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 1701 itemsize 160             inode generation 34 transid 35 size 538 block group 0 mode 100644 links 1         item 13 key (51429 INODE_REF 51225) itemoff 1683 itemsize 18             inode ref index 38 namelen 8 name: boot.log         item 14 key (51429 EXTENT_DATA 0) itemoff 1124 itemsize 559             inline extent data size 538 ram 538 compress 0         item 15 key (51430 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 964 itemsize 160             inode generation 34 transid 35 size 134888 block group 0 mode 100644 links 1         item 16 key (51430 INODE_REF 51225) itemoff 950 itemsize 14             inode ref index 39 namelen 4 name: udev         item 17 key (51430 EXTENT_DATA 0) itemoff 897 itemsize 53             extent data disk byte 698941440 nr 135168             extent data offset 0 nr 135168 ram 135168             extent compression 0     root@v7:/srv#       I also have a hard time understanding why btrfs can not recover by just creating a new transid 36 and try mounting the fs?


What flags are used to compile debian stable packages?

Ubuntu wiki states that its packages are compiled with secure flags and secure kernel options. I cannot find this information about debian. See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags


syslog: process specific priority

I have two user processes A and B. Both use syslog using facility `LOG_USER`. I want to have different threshold levels for them:   * For A, only messages of priority ERR-and-above must be logged   * For B, only messages of priority CRIT-and-above must be logged I found that if I setup `/etc/syslog.conf` as:               user.err    /var/log/messages      then messages of ERR-and-above are logged, but, from both A and B. How can I have different minimum threshold levels for different processes? Note: I'm exploring if there is a config file based solution. Otherwise, there is another approach that works. In each process, we can use `setlogmask()` to install process specific priority mask. This is identical to: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20010873/syslog- process-specific-priority


Linux randomly freezing?

For the last few hours, my computer has been freezing at random every minute or so. I'll type some text, and it won't appear until ~15 seconds later, all in one block. It started happening all at once for no apparent reason. I didn't make any system changes (that I can think of). I'm using about 2% CPU and 10% RAM. The only thing out of the ordinary is that yesterday, my fan started making a bad sounding noise, and it kind of switches between on (making a grinding sound) for 30 seconds, and off for 30 seconds. But my processor is still fairly cool (the fan used to blow cold air consistently, and I don't think the issues are related. Crunchbang/Debian Linux, kernel 3.10-3-amd64


Why the linux driver file is much smaller than that in windows?

Recently I install a graphic device driver in Linux, I found that is only dozens of KB. But that is dozens of MB in windows. I wonder why?


scp does not display output when used with gnu parallel

I have a short script that uses `scp` to copy files to a number of remote hosts (yes, I know about `rdist` and `rsync`; they both fail to work for a few of the hosts - that's not the point here; I'm only copying a few non-critical files anyway). The meat of the script looks something like this:               for h in $HOSTS; do         echo $h         echo '----------------------------------------'         scp -r $FILES ${h}:         echo ''     done      Here is partial output from running this script:               protector     ----------------------------------------     .bash_profile                                                                                100%  555     0.5KB/s   00:00         .bashrc                                                                                100% 2124     2.1KB/s   00:00         .zshenv                                                                                100%  561     0.6KB/s   00:00         .zshrc                                                                                100% 2354     2.3KB/s   00:00         .shrc                                                                                100% 1887     1.8KB/s   00:00         .bash_logout                                                                                100%   17     0.0KB/s   00:00         .logout                                                                                100%   64     0.1KB/s   00:00         .zlogout                                                                                100%   17     0.0KB/s   00:00         .vimrc                                                                                100%  717     0.7KB/s   00:00              pup     ----------------------------------------     .bash_profile                                                                                100%  555     0.5KB/s   00:00         .bashrc                                                                                100% 2124     2.1KB/s   00:00         .zshenv                                                                                100%  561     0.6KB/s   00:00         .zshrc                                                                                100% 2354     2.3KB/s   00:00         .shrc                                                                                100% 1887     1.8KB/s   00:00         .bash_logout                                                                                100%   17     0.0KB/s   00:00         .logout                                                                                100%   64     0.1KB/s   00:00         .zlogout                                                                                100%   17     0.0KB/s   00:00           .vimrc                                                                                100%  717     0.7KB/s   00:00          Since this script copies to hundreds of hosts, it takes a little while, so I decided to try to use GNU Parallel to speed it up. Here is the revised version of the script utilizing `parallel` (please don't comment on the `echo` hack at the beginning, it's not relevant to the problem):               (for host in $(echo $HOSTS); do echo $host; done) | parallel "echo {}; echo '----------------------------------------' ; scp -r $FILES {}: ; echo ''"      The problem is that the output from using `scp` in this way looks like this:               pup     ----------------------------------------          soils     ----------------------------------------      Because the commands are running in parallel, the ordering is different, and parallel seems to complete much faster than a for loop of scps, but as you can see, there is no output to stdout from scp. I can't figure out why - output to stdout from echo is not being suppressed, for instance. When I try `scp -v` inside parallel, I get partial verbose output, but I don't get any of the usual size/time information. Is there anybody who knows why scp output is getting suppressed?


Custom installation for a custom Debian Distro?

Is there a way to customize the debian installer to be part of a custom debian distro, also is it possible to make the distro contain certain files such as pdfs, videos, etc. as part of the installation.


What is the exact definition for “logging in”

Radu's answer is extremely informative here http://askubuntu.com/questions/376932/why-who-command-does-not-shows-root-as- a-logged-in-user However this makes me wonder "what is the exact definition for " logging in" in Linux?


Linux Distribution With good Multimedia/Programming support To Be Installed On a 7.5GB USB Stick

I can only afford a 7.5GB USB stick at the moment and with no internet connection. I'm looking for a suitable Linux distribution with good multimedia support (codecs for audio/video content) and also good programming support which includes GCC/G++, VIM editor supporting syntax highlight and auto-indent. I intend to install a full fledged Linux operating system on a 7.5 GB USB stick and boot from it when I need it or may be even install it on a moderately powerful laptop. Please assist.


Filtering a result from a command

I am having trouble writing a little program; when I run the following command from my program: `gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri` I get:               'file:///home/thamara/.config/variety/Favorites/wallpaper-2448037.jpg'      But that needs to become:               /home/thamara/.config/variety/Favorites/wallpaper-2448037.jpg      Or the program will not work. Can someone please help me? The program:               #!/bin/bash     ## Blogry for GDM - Blurs your current wallpaper and puts it on your loginscreen          ## Some Settings     effect='0x8' # Change this to anything you like http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/blur/     save='~/Pictures/blur.jpg'          ## Step one -  getting the current wallpaper     dir=$(gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri)          ## Step two - Blurring the wallpaper     convert $dir -blur $effect -blur $effect -blur $effect $save          ## Step three - exit (Since GDM automatically loads the new wallpaper there is no need for seting it.)     exit 0          ## Links:     # http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/blur/


Use non-default keyring with gnome-keyring

I'm using Gnome Keyring with GPG. Whenever I need to sign something, the keyring daemon takes over and does it for me. However, if I do: `export GNUPGHOME=/path/to/keyring` from a Bash script and use `gpg` in that script, the keyring daemon doesn't take over. Why is this? How can I change this, so that the keyring is used for other `$GNUPGHOME`s as well? If I run `seahorse`, I can see that the password for the keys that exists in `/path/to/keyring` is there.


Retrieving fasta sequences using bed file information from locally installed file

I have a .bed file containing around 30000 rows for which I have the sequences retrieved using `fetch-sequences` module of the rsat tool (http://rsat.ulb.ac.be/rsat/help.fetch-sequences.html#usage). [Note: This tool connects to the server each time to retrieve the sequences] Now I have about 10000 subsets of the same bed file randomly sorted for which I would like to retrieve the sequences. Using the `fetch-sequences` module, it takes 10 hours to achieve this. But I would like to do it quickly by first retrieving the sequences for the original file. Using this local file, I would like to retrieve the sequences for the subset. Is there a way to do it using linux commands or perl? I am not sure how to do this with locally installed file. Please help. Here is my sample bed file:               chr10   91061477    91062132    peak4069    41  .   134.220 -1  -1     chr12   77456450    77457116    peak7216    97  .   313.820 -1  -1     chr7    150754939   150755706   peak30140   87  .   281.000 -1  -1     chr3    11643031    11643625    peak20536   135 .   435.740 -1  -1     chr19   6521662 6522869 peak14719   264 .   851.950 -1  -1     chr14   35008667    35009076    peak9034    40  .   131.480 -1  -1     chr6    88851148    88852148    peak27572   55  .   178.560 -1  -1     chr6    20212045    20212627    peak26579   44  .   144.630 -1  -1     chr2    136422022   136422722   peak17485   83  .   270.330 -1  -1     chr11   45951365    45952105    peak4995    284 .   915.840 -1  -1     chr19   50181053    50181876    peak15733   101 .   328.650 -1  -1     chr9    36140202    36140695    peak32014   42  .   137.080 -1  -1     chr4    40992483    40993431    peak23120   40  .   129.060 -1  -1     chr14   50528290    50529818    peak9133    256 .   826.310 -1  -1     chr18   57542948    57543911    peak14298   244 .   789.750 -1  -1     chr21   44528945    44529572    peak19741   45  .   148.260 -1  -1     chr6    16763102    16763743    peak26552   84  .   272.680 -1  -1     chr1    44678710    44679433    peak803 97  .   312.860 -1  -1     chr12   11323475    11324633    peak6358    123 .   396.790 -1  -1     chr9    98271450    98271859    peak32325   37  .   120.160 -1  -1     chr19   2167913 2169475 peak14575   455 .   1470.150    -1  -1     chr16   80613819    80615001    peak12054   261 .   843.100 -1  -1     chr12   118574314   118574830   peak7774    43  .   141.040 -1  -1     chr19   59083917    59085058    peak15917   129 .   418.440 -1  -1     chr2    191184311   191184984   peak17942   103 .   332.220 -1  -1     chr15   85956548    85957254    peak10816   179 .   578.110 -1  -1     chr4    84031272    84032016    peak23411   60  .   195.570 -1  -1     chr12   32012425    32013045    peak6654    45  .   148.210 -1  -1     chr6    70575973    70577060    peak27441   52  .   168.800 -1  -1     chr12   57852728    57853291    peak7023    59  .   192.900 -1  -1     chr10   120879718   120880402   peak4449    209 .   675.760 -1  -1     chr1    28833424    28834023    peak526 35  .   114.020 -1  -1     chr8    60963955    60965013    peak30803   329 .   1062.570    -1  -1     chr7    77326420    77326889    peak29382   32  .   103.320 -1  -1     chr5    133476115   133476527   peak25468   37  .   121.150 -1  -1     chr19   45909117    45910074    peak15572   69  .   222.490 -1  -1     chr5    16467271    16468036    peak24373   117 .   380.290 -1  -1     chr15   66682042    66683502    peak10489   182 .   589.480 -1  -1     chr9    35603806    35604394    peak31993   71  .   229.000 -1  -1     chr4    48249067    48249653    peak23178   50  .   162.070 -1  -1     chr3    112775853   112776466   peak21577   62  .   202.250 -1  -1     chr12   12867020    12867982    peak6428    33  .   106.930 -1  -1     chr6    35655359    35655985    peak27066   53  .   171.010 -1  -1     chr6    74171305    74172116    peak27466   161 .   521.390 -1  -1     chr11   12195905    12196539    peak4741    256 .   826.330 -1  -1     chr2    55386393    55386871    peak16583   40  .   131.810 -1  -1     chr9    37030245    37030957    peak32041   89  .   290.090 -1  -1     chr4    30431566    30431997    peak22948   66  .   214.250 -1  -1     chr10   16612633    16613149    peak3304    49  .   160.900 -1  -1      Here is the sample of my fetched fasta sequences (for the first 3 rows in sample file above):               >hg19_chr10_91061478_91062132_+ range=chr10:91061478-91062132 5'pad=0 3'pad=0 strand=+ repeatMasking=none     AATTGTATTACAAGTCCCCAACTTAATCTTTTCGAATATGAAATAAGAGAGGGACAGTGCACAAGAGCAATGTCCCCAGACCCATCTTTAAGTGAAGCACCAGGCCGATGAAACATCCCTCTCTGCTGCCTTCTTTCTCTGATCACAACTCAGCTCCGGAGGAAAAAGAGTCCTCTAAAGTATAATAAAAAGAAAAAAAGAAAAAGAGTCCTGCCAATTTCACTTTCTAGTTTCACTTTCCCTTTTGTAACGTCAGCTGAAGGGAAACAAACAAAAAGGAACCAGAGGCCACTTGTATATATAGGTCTCTTCAGCATTTATTGGTGGCAGAAGAGGAAGATTTCTGAAGAGTGCAGCTGCCTGAACCGAGCCCTGCCGAACAGCTGAGAATTGCACTGCAACCATGAGGTAAATATTTTCCCTTCGTATTCGGTAGTGCTGTTGAGTCATCTTGTCCAATGCAAATCCTGAGAAGCTATGTTCCCAAAGAGGGCCAGCTCCATTTTAGTGTTTGTTTATAGCCTTACTATGCCTCTACCTCTGTTGGTTGTAAATCTGTCTTACCAATGGTGGTTTGTTCCCTCCTGAACAATTTTCTGCTTCACACTGGCAAGCTTCCTAAATTCATCTCCAGAACTGCACGCCTGGGGAGTTG     >hg19_chr12_77456451_77457116_+ range=chr12:77456451-77457116 5'pad=0 3'pad=0 strand=+ repeatMasking=none     GTCTTTGTTGAAGGTACTTGATAAAAGTCATTGACCCAGAGGAAGAGAAGTAAAGCACTGACTTAGACGTTATATAAATGTATGGATGTGTATTTTTTCAAGGCTGAACCATCCAAATTGGAAAGGAAAACAAAGTTTTGCTCTAAAACTCTCAAAGCCAAAACTCTGAATATATACTTTAAGTCTGGGCATTTCCACCCTCATGACTTAGATAATTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGCCACTTTAAATAATCTTCACTTTATCTGTGGTTTCACTTTCAGTGGCCAACTGCGGTCCAAAAATATCACATGGAAAATTCCAGAAATAAACAATTCATGAGTTTTAGATTGTGTGCAGTTCTGTGTAATGAAATCTCACGTCATCCTGCTCCGTCCTGCTTCGGATGTGACTCACCCCTTTGTCCAGCGTATTTGCACGGTAGATACTACCTGCTCGAGCAGCCACTGTGTTTTCAGGCTGGCTGTCACGGTATTGCAGTGCTCATGTTCGAGTAACTCTTATTTGACTTCATAATGGCTCCAAAGCACAAGAGTAGTGATGCTGGCAATTTGGATATGCCAAAGGGAAGCCATAAAGTGCTTCTTTTAAGTGAAAAGGTGAACGTTCTTGACTTAAGGAAAGAAAATCGTACGCCAAGGTTGCTAAGAT     >hg19_chr7_150754940_150755706_+    range=chr7:150754940-150755706 5'pad=0 3'pad=0 strand=+ repeatMasking=none     GCGGCCGCGGGGACCCCTGCGGGCCCTCGGTTTTAAGACTCTGGCCCCGGCGTTGCAGAGGAGGCGGCACCTGAGCCTCCAGCCCCGCCCCGTCTGCCCGCGCAGGGCCTTCTGGGGCTTGTAGTCCTAAAACGACTAGGTCTCCCCGCAATGCCCGAGACCGAGGACAAGAAGACTACAACCCCCAGCCGTCTGCGCTCACGCTCTCTGCAGCACTCGACTCCAGGGCTCCGTTTCTACCGCGGAGGCAAACCTTGGACTTCAAGTCCCAGGAAGCAACGCGTGTCCGTTTTCCGGGCGCCCCGCCGCGGCGCCGTGGTTCCCAGTGTGCCCCGCTGTTGTTATTCCTTTTATGTGCTCCCAGCCCTCTTGAAAAGGGCCGCTCCGGGACTACGCGTTCCAGAATGCAGCGGAAATGGGGGCGGAGCGCTCTCGGTTAGGGGTTTGGGGTTTGGCGGCCTAGATCCCGGGCACTGGCGGCCCAGCGCTGACCTGGTTGGTGGCATTGTGTTCCCAACGGCCTCTTGACGACCTCAGCACGGGTTTCCACCTCTCCCCAAGCCACCTAGTGACCCCAGAATTGACTGGGGAATGCCTGTGAGCGATGATGACCTCACAGGGAACAGCTGACCGCAGGGCTGGGAGAACAGCTGTGCCCCTTCGAGGCTGGATTTTAGTGGAGGGACACACGCCAAAGACCCCCTCTCTGCTGAGCCCCGTTTGTTGTCTCGGAGCCCACCCGACTCTAGCCGCTGAACTCTGACATG


Is it possible to download extremely large files intelligently or in parts via SSH from Linux to Windows?

I have a ~35 GB file on a _remote_ Linux Ubuntu server. _Locally_ , I am running Windows XP, so I am connecting to the remote Linux server using SSH (specifically, I am using a Windows program called **SSH Secure Shell Client** version 3.3.2). Although my broadband internet connection is quite good, my download of the large file often fails with a `Connection Lost` error message. I am not sure, but I think that it fails because perhaps my internet connection goes out for a second or two every several hours. Since the file is so large, downloading it may take 4.5 to 5 hours, and perhaps the internet connection goes out for a second or two during that long time. I think this because I have successfully downloaded files of this size using the same internet connection and the same SSH software on the same computer. In other words, sometimes I get lucky and the download finishes before the internet connection drops for a second. Is there any way that I can download the file in an intelligent way -- whereby the operating system or software "knows" where it left off and can resume from the last point if a break in the internet connection occurs? Perhaps it is possible to download the file in sections? Although I do not know if I can conveniently split my file into multiple files -- I think this would be very difficult, since the file is binary and is not human-readable. As it is now, if the entire ~35 GB file download doesn't finish before the break in the connection, then I have to start the download over and overwrite the ~5-20 GB chunk that was downloaded locally so far. Do you have any advice? Thanks.


How to suspend an USB device?

I want to suspend a connected USB device at my pc manually. I tried the following instructions in Debian (Kernel 3.2.0). `uname` output:               Linux debian7-dev-gnome 3.2.0-4-686-pae #1 SMP Debian 3.2.57-3+deb7u2 i686 GNU/Linux      I want to suspend the following device:               Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0403:6011 Future Technology Devices International, Ltd FT4232H Quad HS USB-UART/FIFO IC          echo -n "1-0:1.0" > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/hub/unbind //for suspend     echo -n "1-0:1.0" > /sys/bus/usb/drivers/hub/bind //for resume      After the `unbind` function the device disappears from `lsusb`, but I'm not sure if it is in suspend or just removed from the system without loosing power supply. How can I suspend the USB device #3 at bus #1?


specify geometry of a new gnuplot window in lxde

I have a script that runs a calculation and then plots the result using gnuplot script file. The problem is that I need to make more than one plot and I don't want windows to cover each other. I tried this:               time ./run nano.lua     killall gnuplot     gnuplot -geometry -100-100 -p -e 'load "pqpss.plt"'     gnuplot -p -e 'load "pqpsss.plt"'      turns out that the `-geometry` option doesn't do anything. I'm tunning lxde with ubuntu 11.10.


Can I upgrade to a new version of Python on an old version of Ubuntu?

I have Ubuntu 8.04.3 LTS and ran this:               $ sudo apt-get install python2.7      I got this:               Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree     Reading state information... Done     E: Couldn't find package python2.7      It can find python2.5, so I don't think I spelled the package name wrong. I wonder if it's because I'm on an older version of Ubuntu (2008). Is there a straightforward way to upgrade to Python 2.7 (or even 2.6) without upgrading my OS?


Howto configure autofs to work with usbsticks formatted with differend filesystems

I have some USB-sticks using `fat32` as filesystem and others using `ext4`. Now I want to configure `autofs` to mount the sticks automatically. To make sure that the user can write to `fat32` sticks I use the `umask` option in my `/etc/auto.misc` file. However (according to the mount man page), this option is not available for `ext4` file systems and when I try to automount an `ext4` stick this way I get an error message (via `dmesg | tail`) which tells me that `umask` is an unrecognized mount option and the mount operation fails. If I omit the `umask` option, the `ext4` stick works as expected but also as expected the `fat32` stick is only writable by `root`. Is there any way to make `autofs` work for both types of sticks? Is it possible to use somehow an `if` condition to decide whether to mount it with `umask` or not? I studied the mount man page to solve the problem and discovered the mount parameter `-s` (sloppy), but I don't know how to apply this for autofs and it did not even work with normal mount command and umask (`mount -s -o umask=000 /dev/sdb1 /media/mymountpoint`). As expected: same problem with `utf8` mount option.


Laptop does not power off after it has been suspended to ram

I suspend my laptop using `echo mem > /sys/power/state`. That works fine and it resumes nicely. Once I try to power it off, it shuts down fine until i see the message `Power down.` (or similar). Needless to say, it stops there, completely. Why? How to avoid?   * Gentoo ~amd64   * Vanilla kernel 3.0.4   * Dell Latitude E6400   * lspci: http://pastebin.com/b0BYGHAQ   * kernel conf: http://paste.pocoo.org/show/471271/   * dmesg: http://paste.pocoo.org/show/471320/     * With acpi debug: http://paste.pocoo.org/show/486337/     * with acpi debug after resume: http://paste.pocoo.org/show/486338/     * without wl after resume: http://paste.pocoo.org/show/487374/   * modules: wl (broadcom wlan)


how to write `fuser -k -n tcp 80` into a bash script?

Recently, my site's visitor-ship increased sharply. My Apaches' always crash. I'm seeing lines like these in the httpd/error_log:               [Sun Apr 13 08:57:18 2014] [warn] child process 7792 still did not exit, sending a SIGTERM     [Sun Apr 13 08:57:20 2014] [error] child process 7925 still did not exit, sending a SIGKILL     ...      I will be upgrading my server in the next month. Before that, I'm trying to write a Bash script to automatically restart Apache with a crond job, which checks every 5 minutes. If `curl`ing some page does not return a 200 code, then `fuser -k -n tcp 80` and `/etc/init.d/httpd restart`. I'm not good at Bash scripting. I've found some working code which will only restart Apache.               #!/bin/bash          curl -I http://www.mydomain.com/some-empty-page 2>/dev/null \         | head -1 | grep -q " 200 OK"          if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then        echo ""     else        /etc/init.d/httpd restart       echo "wrong $(date)" >> /home/myspace/restart_log.txt     fi      How can I modify this to kill all the jobs which use port 80 before restarting? I'm intending to insert some working line like:               else fuser -k -n tcp 80       /etc/init.d/httpd restart       echo "wrong $(date)" >> /home/myspace/restart_log.txt     fi       NOTE: first `else fuser -k -n tcp 80`, then do `/etc/init.d/httpd restart` in the else case.


How to create a custom Linux distribution?

Can any one tell me the easiest way to create a system with live cd with installing function. Which can install backtrack all tools?? I need to create a custom boot animation and everything!


Possible to configure Login TTY over Audio device (Morse code or similar)?

One of the most miserable aspects of my day job is the need to occasionally investigate problems with machines scattered in remote locations all over the world that don't have network access to the outside world. Sometimes its possible for local staff to tether over a 3G or similar modem to provide access, but often thats not possible due to lack of signal or lack of technical ability on site. In these cases I have to make due with a telephone whatever local technician (or sometimes janitor) is available to work with me, typing in the commands I recite to them and responding with the output, often someone with limited or no linux or even computer experience. Often getting a more qualified technician to the site would require chartering a flight. I can confirm that talking someone through editing a file in vi who doesn't know the difference between 'slash' and 'backslash', how to hold shift to generate a colon instead of a semicolon is excruciatingly painful. "Ok, now its showing a squiggly thing followed by a kind of weird looking line thing and then another squiggly thing". Oh, and it beeped on me with some sort of error message that I didn't read. Basically I'm using the person on site as a very slow phone->terminal converter with an amazingly high error rate. I had the idea to cut out the middle man and using a speaker and microphone on the computer and tell the tech to just hold their cellphone up to the machine and use it as a very old- school acoustically coupled 'modem', Where I would run a terminal program on my computer which would convert my lines to some sequence of tones that could be transmitted over the phone, into the Linux machine, and be converted back into commands, the output of which would then get converted to tones, back over the phone ,etc, providing me in effect with an extremely slow terminal. There are a few methods for tranmitting data which may survive cell phone transmission, such as Morse Code or OliviaMode. I was hoping for information on packages to accomplish this either in whole, or as various pieces that I could use to construct this solution, or provide other ideas about how I could accomplish this task. Google has turned out nothing of use, with the exception of the aforementioned 'OliviaMode' which could possibly be used as a transmission protocol.


rsyslog: how to bind rulesets to unix sockets (imuxsock)

I'm using the imuxsock module to listen to additional local log sockets (i.e., with the `$AddUnixListenSocket` directive). After reading the awesome http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/multi_ruleset.html page, I'm interested in binding separate rulesets to each socket. That page gives the example of binding a ruleset to a particular tcp port (i.e., using the imtcp module & it's `$InputTCPServerBindRuleset` directive), but according to that page: > Note that the input module must support binding to non-standard rulesets, so > the functionality may not be available with all inputs. I haven't been able to find any documentation on how to do the same with imuxsock. Is the feature there, but undocumented? Or is there some _other_ way to accomplish the same (applying _X_ rules to messages from _X_ socket and _Y_ rules to messages from _Y_ socket)?


Make sed ask for confirmation before each replacement?

Is there a way to make sed ask me for confirmation before each replace? Something similar to 'c' when using replace inside vim. Does sed do this at all?