DirectX installed on Wine althought it doesn't work in games

I have installed DirectX on Wine used winetricks to have better graphics in my games. Althought it doesn't work! When I want to run GTA: San Andreas it shows I have to download and install DirectX. In other game happens exactly nothing. I do not what's the matter. There is log from `dxdiag`:               System Information     ------------------     Time of this report: 7/25/2014, 14:37:07            Machine name: localhost        Operating System: Windows XP Professional (5.1, Build 2600) Service Pack 3                Language: English (Regional Setting: Polish)     System Manufacturer: The Wine Project            System Model: Wine                    BIOS: Default System BIOS               Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4200M CPU @ 2.50GHz (4 CPUs), ~3.1GHz                  Memory: 3880MB RAM               Page File: 1144MB used, 10758MB available             Windows Dir: C:\windows         DirectX Version: DirectX 9.0c (4.09.0000.0904)     DX Setup Parameters: Not found          DxDiag Version: 5.03.0001.0904 32bit Unicode          ------------     DxDiag Notes     ------------       DirectX Files Tab: Several files (dxapi.sys, d3d8thk.dll, d3dim700.dll, etc.) are missing! The file qedit.dll is an old version, which could cause problems. You should reinstall DirectX to get the latest version.           Display Tab 1: The file  is not digitally signed, which means that it has not been tested by Microsoft's Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL).  You may be able to get a WHQL logo'd driver from the hardware manufacturer. Problems were found in the system registry.  Details are available in the saved text file. You should reinstall DirectX to get the latest version.             Sound Tab 1: The file winemm.vxd is not digitally signed, which means that it has not been tested by Microsoft's Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL).  You may be able to get a WHQL logo'd driver from the hardware manufacturer.             Sound Tab 2: The file winemm.vxd is not digitally signed, which means that it has not been tested by Microsoft's Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL).  You may be able to get a WHQL logo'd driver from the hardware manufacturer.             Sound Tab 3: The file winemm.vxd is not digitally signed, which means that it has not been tested by Microsoft's Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL).  You may be able to get a WHQL logo'd driver from the hardware manufacturer.             Sound Tab 4: No problems found.             Sound Tab 5: The file winemm.vxd is not digitally signed, which means that it has not been tested by Microsoft's Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL).  You may be able to get a WHQL logo'd driver from the hardware manufacturer.               Music Tab: The specified General MIDI DLS file was not found.               Input Tab: Problems were found in the system registry.  Details are available in the saved text file.             Network Tab: No problems found.          --------------------     DirectX Debug Levels     --------------------     Direct3D:    0/4 (n/a)     DirectDraw:  0/4 (retail)     DirectInput: 0/5 (n/a)     DirectMusic: 0/5 (n/a)     DirectPlay:  0/9 (retail)     DirectSound: 0/5 (retail)     DirectShow:  0/6 (retail)          ---------------     Display Devices     ---------------             Card name: X11 Windowing System          Manufacturer:              Chip type:               DAC type:             Device Key: Enum\PCI\VEN_0000&DEV_0000        Display Memory: 132.0 MB          Current Mode: 1366 x 768 (32 bit)               Monitor: X11 Windowing System       Monitor Max Res:            Driver Name:         Driver Version:  ()           DDI Version: 9 (or higher)     Driver Attributes: Final Retail      Driver Date/Size: , 0 bytes           WHQL Logo'd: No       WHQL Date Stamp: None                   VDD: n/d              Mini VDD:          Mini VDD Date: n/a, 0 bytes     Device Identifier: {AEB2CDD4-6E41-43EA-941C-8361CC760781}             Vendor ID: 0x10DE             Device ID: 0x0302             SubSys ID: 0x00000000           Revision ID: 0x0000           Revision ID: 0x0000           Video Accel:       Deinterlace Caps: n/a          Registry Errors Found:     Key 'HKCR\CLSID\{4516EC43-8F20-11d0-9B6D-0000C0781BC3}\InprocServer32', Value '', should be 'd3dxof.dll'     Key 'HKCR\DirectXFile\CLSID' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\DirectXFile' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\CLSID\{4516EC41-8F20-11d0-9B6D-0000C0781BC3}\InprocServer32' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\CLSID\{4516EC41-8F20-11d0-9B6D-0000C0781BC3}\InprocServer32' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\CLSID\{4516EC41-8F20-11d0-9B6D-0000C0781BC3}' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\Direct3DRM\CLSID' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\Direct3DRM' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\DX6TextureEnumInclusionList\8 bit Luminance' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\DX6TextureEnumInclusionList\24 bit BumpLum DuDv' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\DX6TextureEnumInclusionList\16 bit Luminance Alpha' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\DX6TextureEnumInclusionList\16 bit BumpLum DuDv' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\DX6TextureEnumInclusionList\16 bit Bump DuDv' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\Drivers\RGB Emulation' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\Drivers\RGB Emulation' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\Drivers\Ramp Emulation' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\Drivers\Ramp Emulation' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\Drivers\Ramp Emulation' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\Drivers\Direct3D HAL' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\Drivers\Direct3D HAL' is missing.     Key 'HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Direct3D\Drivers\Direct3D HAL' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\DirectDrawClipper\CLSID' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\DirectDrawClipper' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\DirectDraw\CLSID' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\DirectDraw' is missing.               DDraw Status: Enabled            D3D Status: Enabled            AGP Status: Not Available     DDraw Test Result: Not run      D3D7 Test Result: Not run      D3D8 Test Result: Not run      D3D9 Test Result: Not run          -------------     Sound Devices     -------------                 Description: Out: default      Default Sound Playback: Yes      Default Voice Playback: Yes                 Hardware ID:              Manufacturer ID:                   Product ID:                         Type: VXD                 Driver Name: winemm.vxd              Driver Version:  ()           Driver Attributes: Final Retail                 WHQL Logo'd: No               Date and Size: , 0 bytes                 Other Files:              Driver Provider:               HW Accel Level: Unknown                   Cap Flags: 0xF1F         Min/Max Sample Rate: 100, 200000     Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 1, 0      Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0                   HW Memory: 0            Voice Management: No      EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No        I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No     Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No                    Registry: OK           Sound Test Result: Not run                      Description: Out: HDA Intel HDMI - HDMI 2      Default Sound Playback: No      Default Voice Playback: No                 Hardware ID:              Manufacturer ID:                   Product ID:                         Type: VXD                 Driver Name: winemm.vxd              Driver Version:  ()           Driver Attributes: Final Retail                 WHQL Logo'd: No               Date and Size: , 0 bytes                 Other Files:              Driver Provider:               HW Accel Level: Unknown                   Cap Flags: 0xF1F         Min/Max Sample Rate: 100, 200000     Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 1, 0      Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0                   HW Memory: 0            Voice Management: No      EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No        I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No     Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No                    Registry: OK           Sound Test Result: Not run                      Description: Out: HDA Intel HDMI - HDMI 0      Default Sound Playback: No      Default Voice Playback: No                 Hardware ID:              Manufacturer ID:                   Product ID:                         Type: VXD                 Driver Name: winemm.vxd              Driver Version:  ()           Driver Attributes: Final Retail                 WHQL Logo'd: No               Date and Size: , 0 bytes                 Other Files:              Driver Provider:               HW Accel Level: Unknown                   Cap Flags: 0xF1F         Min/Max Sample Rate: 100, 200000     Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 1, 0      Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0                   HW Memory: 0            Voice Management: No      EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No        I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No     Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No                    Registry: OK           Sound Test Result: Not run                      Description: Out: HDA Intel PCH - CX20757 Analog      Default Sound Playback: No      Default Voice Playback: No                 Hardware ID:              Manufacturer ID:                   Product ID:                         Type: VXD                 Driver Name: winemm.vxd              Driver Version:  ()           Driver Attributes: Final Retail                 WHQL Logo'd: n/a               Date and Size: , 0 bytes                 Other Files:              Driver Provider:               HW Accel Level: Unknown                   Cap Flags: 0x0         Min/Max Sample Rate: 0, 0     Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 0, 0      Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0                   HW Memory: 0            Voice Management: No      EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No        I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No     Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No                    Registry: OK           Sound Test Result: Not run                      Description: Out: HDA Intel HDMI - HDMI 1      Default Sound Playback: No      Default Voice Playback: No                 Hardware ID:              Manufacturer ID:                   Product ID:                         Type: VXD                 Driver Name: winemm.vxd              Driver Version:  ()           Driver Attributes: Final Retail                 WHQL Logo'd: No               Date and Size: , 0 bytes                 Other Files:              Driver Provider:               HW Accel Level: Unknown                   Cap Flags: 0xF1F         Min/Max Sample Rate: 100, 200000     Static/Strm HW Mix Bufs: 1, 0      Static/Strm HW 3D Bufs: 0, 0                   HW Memory: 0            Voice Management: No      EAX(tm) 2.0 Listen/Src: No, No        I3DL2(tm) Listen/Src: No, No     Sensaura(tm) ZoomFX(tm): No                    Registry: OK           Sound Test Result: Not run          ---------------------     Sound Capture Devices     ---------------------                 Description: In: default       Default Sound Capture: Yes       Default Voice Capture: Yes                 Driver Name: winemm.vxd              Driver Version:  ()           Driver Attributes: Final Retail               Date and Size: , 0 bytes                   Cap Flags: 0x0                Format Flags: 0xFFFFF                      Description: In: HDA Intel PCH - CX20757 Analog       Default Sound Capture: No       Default Voice Capture: No                 Driver Name: winemm.vxd              Driver Version:  ()           Driver Attributes: Final Retail               Date and Size: , 0 bytes                   Cap Flags: 0x0                Format Flags: 0xFFFFF          -----------     DirectMusic     -----------             DLS Path: C:\windows\system32\drivers\gm.dls          DLS Version:          Acceleration: n/a                Ports: Microsoft Synthesizer, Software (Not Kernel Mode), Output, DLS, Internal, Default Port                       Wine midi mapper [Emulowany], Hardware (Not Kernel Mode), Output, No DLS, Internal                       Midi Through Port-0 [Emulowany], Hardware (Not Kernel Mode), Output, No DLS, External                       Midi Through Port-0 [Emulowany], Hardware (Not Kernel Mode), Input, No DLS, External             Registry: OK          Test Result: Not run          -------------------     DirectInput Devices     -------------------           Device Name: Mouse              Attached: 1         Controller ID: n/a     Vendor/Product ID: n/a             FF Driver: n/a                Device Name: Keyboard              Attached: 1         Controller ID: n/a     Vendor/Product ID: n/a             FF Driver: n/a          Poll w/ Interrupt: No              Registry: Errors found     Key 'HKCR\CLSID\{9F34AF20-6095-11D3-8FB2-00C04F8EC627}\InProcServer32' is missing.     Key 'HKCR\CLSID\{9F34AF20-6095-11D3-8FB2-00C04F8EC627}\InProcServer32' is missing.               -----------     USB Devices     -----------          ----------------     Gameport Devices     ----------------          ------------     PS/2 Devices     ------------          ----------------------------     DirectPlay Service Providers     ----------------------------     DirectPlay8 Modem Service Provider - Registry: OK, File: dpnet.dll (5.03.0000.0900)     DirectPlay8 Serial Service Provider - Registry: OK, File: dpnet.dll (5.03.0000.0900)     DirectPlay8 IPX Service Provider - Registry: OK, File: dpnet.dll (5.03.0000.0900)     DirectPlay8 TCP/IP Service Provider - Registry: OK, File: dpnet.dll (5.03.0000.0900)          DirectPlay Voice Wizard Tests: Full Duplex: Not run, Half Duplex: Not run, Mic: Not run     DirectPlay Test Result: Not run     Registry: OK          -------------------     DirectPlay Adapters     -------------------     DirectPlay8 Serial Service Provider: COM1     DirectPlay8 Serial Service Provider: COM2     DirectPlay8 Serial Service Provider: COM3     DirectPlay8 Serial Service Provider: COM4          -----------------------     DirectPlay Voice Codecs     -----------------------          -------------------------     DirectPlay Lobbyable Apps     -------------------------          ------------------------     Disk & DVD/CD-ROM Drives     ------------------------           Drive: C:      Free Space: 861.3 GB     Total Space: 78.4 GB     File System: NTFS           Model: n/a                Drive: D:           Model: Wine CD-ROM ATA Device          ------------------     DirectX Components     ------------------        ddraw.dll: 5.03.0001.0904 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 3236 bytes      ddrawex.dll:                 Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 1924 bytes        dxapi.sys: missing!         d3d8.dll: 5.03.0001.0904 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2456 bytes      d3d8thk.dll: missing!         d3d9.dll: 5.03.0001.0904 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2456 bytes        d3dim.dll: 5.03.2180.0014 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2516 bytes     d3dim700.dll: missing!        d3drm.dll: 5.00.2134.0014 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2512 bytes       d3dxof.dll: 5.00.2135.0001 English Final Retail 12/12/2002 01:14:32 49424 bytes     d3dpmesh.dll: missing!        dplay.dll: 5.03.0000.0900 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2492 bytes       dplayx.dll: 5.03.0001.0904 English Final Retail 7/9/2004 04:27:28 230400 bytes     dpmodemx.dll: missing!     dpwsockx.dll: 5.03.0001.0904 Chinese (Traditional) Final Retail 7/9/2004 04:27:28 79360 bytes     dplaysvr.exe: 5.03.0000.0900 English Final Retail 12/12/2002 01:14:32 28160 bytes       dpnsvr.exe: missing!        dpnet.dll: 5.03.0000.0900 Chinese (Traditional) Final Retail 12/12/2002 01:14:32 723968 bytes     dpnlobby.dll: 5.03.2600.2180 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2488 bytes      dpnaddr.dll: 5.03.2600.2180 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2484 bytes      dpvoice.dll: missing!     dpvsetup.exe: missing!       dpvvox.dll: missing!       dpvacm.dll: missing!     dpnhpast.dll: 5.03.0000.0901 English Final Retail 3/24/2003 10:00:02 32768 bytes     dpnhupnp.dll: missing!       dinput.dll: 5.01.2600.0881 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 30384 bytes      dinput8.dll: 5.01.2600.0881 Chinese (Traditional) Final Retail 10/30/2001 09:10:00 664576 bytes        dimap.dll: missing!     diactfrm.dll: missing!          joy.cpl: 10.00.0000.0000 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 75136 bytes        gcdef.dll: missing!       dsound.dll: 5.03.0001.0904 Chinese (Traditional) Final Retail 7/9/2004 04:27:28 381952 bytes     dsound3d.dll: missing!       dswave.dll: 5.03.0000.0900 English Final Retail 12/12/2002 01:14:32 18432 bytes        dsdmo.dll: missing!     dsdmoprp.dll: missing!       dmusic.dll: 5.03.0001.0904 Chinese (Traditional) Final Retail 7/9/2004 04:27:28 122880 bytes       dmband.dll: 5.03.0000.0900 English Final Retail 12/12/2002 01:14:32 27136 bytes     dmcompos.dll: 5.03.0000.0900 English Final Retail 12/12/2002 01:14:32 58368 bytes        dmime.dll: 5.03.0001.0904 English Final Retail 7/9/2004 04:27:28 181248 bytes     dmloader.dll: 5.03.0000.0900 English Final Retail 12/12/2002 01:14:32 33280 bytes      dmstyle.dll: 5.03.0000.0900 English Final Retail 12/12/2002 01:14:32 98816 bytes      dmsynth.dll: 5.03.0000.0900 English Final Retail 12/12/2002 01:14:32 100864 bytes     dmscript.dll: 5.03.0000.0900 English Final Retail 12/12/2002 01:14:32 76800 bytes        dx7vb.dll: missing!        dx8vb.dll: missing!      dxdiagn.dll: 5.03.0001.0904 Chinese (Traditional) Final Retail 7/9/2004 04:27:28 1769472 bytes      wsock32.dll: 4.00.0000.0000 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2444 bytes     amstream.dll: 6.05.0001.0900 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 3344 bytes      devenum.dll: 6.05.0001.0902 Chinese (Traditional) Final Retail 5/30/2003 09:00:02 132608 bytes     mciqtz32.dll: 6.05.0001.0900 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 13396 bytes        msdmo.dll: 6.05.0001.0900 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2440 bytes       encapi.dll: missing!         qasf.dll: missing!         qcap.dll: 6.05.0001.0900 English Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2444 bytes          qdv.dll: missing!         qdvd.dll: missing!        qedit.dll:                 Final Retail 7/2/2014 14:49:32 2096 bytes (problem)     qedwipes.dll: missing!       quartz.dll: 6.05.0001.0902 Chinese (Traditional) Final Retail 5/30/2003 09:00:02 1962496 bytes          ------------------     DirectShow Filters     ------------------          DirectShow Filters:     Full Screen Renderer,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Color Space Converter,0x00400001,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     AVI Splitter,0x00600000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     VGA 16 Color Ditherer,0x00400000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     GStreamer YUV filter,0x00400000,1,1,winegstreamer.dll,0.00.0001.0000     MJPEG Decompressor,0x00600000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     GStreamer AudioConvert filter,0x00400000,1,1,winegstreamer.dll,0.00.0001.0000     MPEG-I Stream Splitter,0x00600000,1,2,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     SAMI (CC) Parser,0x00400000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Internal Script Command Renderer,0x00800001,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     MPEG Audio Decoder,0x03680001,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Video Mixing Renderer 9,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     ACM Wrapper,0x00600000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Video Renderer,0x00800001,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Video Port Manager,0x00600000,2,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Video Renderer,0x00400000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     GStreamer Mp3 filter,0x00600000,1,1,winegstreamer.dll,0.00.0001.0000     Audio Renderer,0x00800000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     AVI Draw,0x00600064,9,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Null Renderer,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     AVI Decompressor,0x00600000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     AVI/WAV File Source,0x00400000,0,2,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     QuickTime Movie Parser,0x00600000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Wave Parser,0x00400000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     MIDI Parser,0x00400000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Multi-file Parser,0x00400000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     File stream renderer,0x00400000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Audio Renderer,0x00800000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Line 21 Decoder 2,0x00600002,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     File Source (Async.),0x00400000,0,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     File Source (URL),0x00400000,0,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     GStreamer splitter filter,0x00800000,1,2,winegstreamer.dll,0.00.0001.0000     QT Decompressor,0x00600000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     MPEG Video Decoder,0x40000001,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902          Video Compressors:     MJPEG Compressor,0x00200000,0,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Kodek Cinepak Video,0x00200000,1,1,qcap.dll,6.05.0001.0900     Kodek wideo Wine MS-RLE,0x00200000,1,1,qcap.dll,6.05.0001.0900     Kodek Wine Video 1,0x00200000,1,1,qcap.dll,6.05.0001.0900          Audio Compressors:     IMA ADPCM,0x00200000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     PCM,0x00200000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Microsoft ADPCM,0x00200000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     GSM 6.10,0x00200000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     A-Law,0x00200000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     U-Law,0x00200000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     MPeg,0x00200000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     MPeg3,0x00200000,1,1,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902          Audio Capture Sources:     In: default,0x00200000,0,0,qcap.dll,6.05.0001.0900     In: HDA Intel PCH - CX20757 Ana,0x00200000,0,0,qcap.dll,6.05.0001.0900          Midi Renderers:     Default MidiOut Device,0x00800000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Midi Through Port-0,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902          Video Capture Sources:     Lenovo EasyCamera,0x00200000,0,0,qcap.dll,6.05.0001.0900          Audio Renderers:     Out: default,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Default DirectSound Device,0x00800000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Default WaveOut Device,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     DirectSound: Out: default,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     DirectSound: Out: HDA Intel HDMI - HDMI 0,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     DirectSound: Out: HDA Intel HDMI - HDMI 1,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     DirectSound: Out: HDA Intel HDMI - HDMI 2,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     DirectSound: Out: HDA Intel PCH - CX20757 Analog,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Out: HDA Intel HDMI - HDMI 0,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Out: HDA Intel HDMI - HDMI 1,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Out: HDA Intel HDMI - HDMI 2,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902     Out: HDA Intel PCH - CX20757 An,0x00200000,1,0,quartz.dll,6.05.0001.0902      I have added all neccesarry libraries to winecfg. `glxgears` works propely. Please help me in my case. My OS is Debian Jessie, Wine version - 1.6.2.


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I decided to write my own DE using these instructions here it worked and I can login however I didn't use a panel so I don't have a logout button or a session manager. I've decided to write my own session manager (instead of using established ones) so I can quit the session and return to the lightdm login screen. I've been reading and get the basic idea of what a session manager is but I don't understand how to actually log out and shutdown. So how does that option work with a custom session manager? If that's too broad, how--after starting a session with a python script--do I return control to lightdm after shutting down all of my desktop applications, file manager, etc? And for shutdown how do I properly shutdown a graphical desktop.


GRUB won't boot (no such device)

I have 4 hard disks (I am on Debian LiveCD now):               user@debian:~$ sudo blkid     /dev/sda1: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="EE2CE1122CE0D71D" TYPE="ntfs"      /dev/sda2: UUID="AEB0F4D6B0F4A64D" TYPE="ntfs"      /dev/sda3: LABEL="WINYANCI" UUID="40BCF0AABCF09B9A" TYPE="ntfs"      /dev/sdb5: LABEL="YAHSI" UUID="8efb4a53-f0fd-4e24-8217-1f27dff3d2b5" TYPE="ext4"      /dev/sdc2: UUID="5c65c579-a385-4d89-b979-04c2c182d040" TYPE="swap"      /dev/sdc3: UUID="c9a6ef89-c1b6-4827-8e3c-2ec39fcb1265" TYPE="ext4"      /dev/sdc4: UUID="110b5c0c-cd0e-4284-99a5-61fe02c217ec" TYPE="ext4"      /dev/sdc5: UUID="6ec4938a-71a7-4ea1-a9e6-9ed0c90c4a45" TYPE="ext4"      /dev/sdc6: UUID="5D641D223A2A64B4" TYPE="ntfs"      /dev/sdd2: LABEL="DEPO" UUID="02D8A6A9D8A69A85" TYPE="ntfs"      /dev/sdd5: LABEL="HUSUSI" UUID="E0949947949920D8" TYPE="ntfs"      /dev/sr0: LABEL="Debian wheezy 20140209-18:05" TYPE="iso9660"      /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"       sdc is the new 1 TB hard disk, sda is where I have Windows 7 installed (and the old GRUB in MBR from my previous Debian installation) and sdb and sdd are just storage. Since I've bought a new shiny disk and I wanted to use GPT on my new disk and then partitioned it like this:               user@debian:~$ sudo gdisk /dev/sdc                                                                                GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.5                                                                                Partition table scan:                                                                                MBR: protective                                                                                BSD: not present                                                                                APM: not present                                                                                GPT: present                                                                                Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.                                                                                Command (? for help): p                                                                                Disk /dev/sdc: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB                                                                                Logical sector size: 512 bytes                                                                                Disk identifier (GUID): 2758BB06-C7E7-451B-9C92-F1B278721BB6                                                                                Partition table holds up to 128 entries                                                                                First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134                                                                                Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries                                                                                Total free space is 3437 sectors (1.7 MiB)                                                                                Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name                                                                                1            2048            6143   2.0 MiB     EF02                                                                                2            6144         8394751   4.0 GiB     8200                                                                                3         8394752        76754943   32.6 GiB    EF00                                                                                4        76754944       174409727   46.6 GiB    0700          5       174409728      1346283519   558.8 GiB   0700          6      1346283520      1953523711   289.6 GiB   0700      Then I went on to install Debian on sdc3 (which is /, sdc4 is /home). Installer asked me if it should install GRUB on MBR of sda. I said 'no' because there is a 2 MiB partition with `grub_bios` flag on sdc (since my old motherboard doesn't have UEFI) and I wanted to install GRUB there: ![iTried](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ESgNj.jpg) Now, GRUB won't boot! Either it conflicts with the 'old' GRUB in sda's MBR (I thought, when I said GRUB to install on sdc there would be only one GRUB on sdc's GPT) or I failed to install GRUB correctly or installing it on sdc5 was completely stupid while I should have installed it on sdc1 or somewhere else on sdc... Any ideas how to solve this? ![grubError](http://i.stack.imgur.com/YZyMh.jpg) **PS** : I have tried to reinstall GRUB reading this tutorial but again the same error (this time I chose /dev/sdc as the location to install GRUB).


Live file system error using EasyBCD

Error message: (initramfs) Unable to fund a medium containing a live file system I know this question is a common one, but I used EasyBCD to boot from the iso and it all worked up to a certain point but when it gets to this final stage it shows this error. The main problem is that now there are no other OSs on my system, so no way to get anywhere and rectify the issue. Is there anything which can be done aside from burning a Linux iso to a DVD or USB? I don't have either of these things and my DVD drive is faulty.


how to merge different files that have the same header but slightly different file name?

I have a problem in merging files for a big data sets like below. I want you help me to let me know the script that can do such task. fine name: fluxes_year_lat_long I have 30 years of daily fluxes files for more that 100 location(lat_long) I want to merge from year 1 to year 30 of each point files. my file looks like this file name1: `fluxes_2000_50_70`               2000 1 1 5000 ....     2000 1 2 2000 ....     .     .     .     2000 12 31 5000     YYYY M D Fluxes      file name2: `fluxes_2001_50_70`               2001 1 1 5000     YYYY M D Fluxes     .     .     .      all the way to: file name30: `fluxes_2030_50_70`               2030 1 1 5000     YYYY M D Fluxes     .     .     .      The number of rows for each file is the same. I want the output to be merging the daily fluxes from year 2000 to 2030 for each point's location like output file: `fluxes_lat_long`               YYYY MM DD Fluxes value.      In addition, I want the script read and merge file starting with the name fluxes_. I appreciate your response.


What is an array in awk?

I'm very new to unix and am trying to learn basic awk scripting - during which I keep coming across the word "array", and "associative arrays". I have no clue as to what this is, and don't tell me to RTFM, because I have read every possible written explanation on it and I simply don't understand what they're saying. (I barely understand what a variable is). Can someone please explain in clear simple stupid language(and if you use computerese, please define the terms) for a non-computer person? What is an array? Why would I need to use one? How do I use an array or express one _whatever it is_ in an awk script?


How do I backup my partition table?

I just bought a new laptop with Windows 8 preloaded but without an actual Windows disk. I would obliterate the whole thing, but I need to use Visual Studio for one of my classes and the most recent version doesn't play well with wine (appdb). I don't need to clone my whole harddrive, in fact I've already dd'd the recovery partition (which is all I really need). I just want to make a backup of my actual partition table so I can restore the recovery partition to the same place Windows originally put it. EDIT: Additionally, does anyone know where Windows 8 actually stores it's bootloader so I can make a backup of that as well?


Running script once when X is initialized

1. Where should I put a bash script if I want it to be executed once during X startup as part of system bootup. For example, I want to start up VPN on my machine as root user once X starts up.   2. When X initializes (lets say GDM in my case) or when a user logs in using a DM (desktop manager) is it considered a login shell?   3. Also I would like to run programs as long as I am logged in using X. For example, I want to run Dropbox as long as I am logged in using Gnome.


How get the best quality when converting from mp4 to avi with ffmpeg?

When I use this, the quality doesn't look bad.               ffmpeg -same_quant -i video.mp4 video.avi      In the `ffmpeg` documentation is written: "Note that this is NOT SAME QUALITY. Do not use this option unless you know you need it." Do I get with `-same_quant` the best quality or is there an option that gives the same quality as the input and is more recommended?


Colored text set up with PS1 and colored output from commands mess each other up

I have `PS1` that ends with an opening color sequence (like `\\[\e[0;32m\\]`) to have all text in the terminal colored (green in this case). However, when I use a command such as `ls` (which is aliased to `ls --color=auto` in my `.bashrc`) the colors in the output are a little messed up: green up to the first "colored" word, and the following uncolored text is white instead of green. Is there a way to have clean output in all cases? I'm okay with white as "default" text color when the output has colors, but I'd like it to be consistent. Of course, I'd most like a solution that would automatically apply to all commands and that wouldn't require me to change the way I invoke them. Personally, I don't have any ideas. Maybe something can be done to search for escape sequences in the output "on the fly" and perform some substitutions? I don't know how to implement this, though, especially so that it's done "behind the scenes".


Using nmap's sql-injection script to scan a specific web folder

I'm fairly new to linux and nmap. I'm using debian squeeze. I tried installing an SQL-injection script for nmap. I was able to successfully run a test scan agains my web server running Windows. However, I can't seem to tell the script to run an SQL-injection test on a certain directory. I tried the following commands, but none of them are scanning the directory I want to scan. I'm trying to scan `http://some.url/TESTNMAP`:               nmap --script=sql-injection 10.10.10.10 --script-args sql-injection.start=TESTNMAP/     nmap --script=sql-injection 10.10.10.10 --script-args start=TESTNMAP/      For some reason, the `\--script-help` option is just not available, so I can't run:               nmap --script-help sql-injection


Using emacsclient with custom emacs in $PATH

I want to use `emacs` command as a substitution for `emacsclient -c -a ""`, which according to man connects to an existing emacs daemon, or creates a new daemon and connects to it otherwise. So i created a shell script `emacs`, which calls the aforementioned command in my `~/bin`, which itself is included in `$PATH`. But when i run `emacs`, it repeats the following numerously:               emacsclient: can't find socket; have you started the server?     To start the server in Emacs, type "M-x server-start".      and then also numerously:               Error: Could not start the Emacs daemon      The content of `~/bin/emacs` is:               #!/bin/bash     emacsclient -c -a ""      According to Emacs devs, `emacsclient` internally calls `emacs` from `$PATH`, so calling it enters an infinite recursion. What should i do, so i can use custom `emacs` executable with the same behavior?


How to compare usage of memory by Window Managers?

I'd like to test a few _window managers_ to see which of them takes less memory and CPU in certain time period (so is better choice for older computers). I'd like to make the tests myself (not to read a review). Which application for testing would you use to have precise results? How would you use it?


Permission in shmget Linux

I've been searching about 0666 permission in shmget(). I know that **0666** permission will grant read & write permission on the shared memory segment. But, how do I prove it have permission if I change the value to be 0111? It should not be write or read, right? So, I try to create simple client-server program with it and try 0111 value. However, I can still write on that shared memory. How to prove its permission? How the right way to access it?


Graphics in TTY

Something has come up which demands me to work only in command line. My primary job is programming (mostly in Fortran and Octave) and I need to display plots. As a lame example: I open octave and type `ezplot('sin(x)')` and it outputs that X11 Display Environment not set and unable to open display. Is there any way for me to view graphics in TTY? Obviously, I don't expect awesome graphics but I need to see if I am on the right track once a while. My current algorithm is extremely inefficient. I `print -djpeg foo.jpeg` and then scp it to my neighboring computer. Borrow that and continue.


How to install gnome-shell-extensions in Fedora 19?

I want to install a GNOME extension into Fedora 19. I've been using this command:               $ yum install gnome-shell-extensions-alternative-status      But it wasn't able to find the package. I tried adding this to the repository file, but it doesn't seem to work.               [fedora-gnome-shell-extensions]     name=Modify and extend GNOME Shell functionality and behavior     baseurl=http://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/hien/gnome-shell-extensions/fedora-$releasever/$basearch/     enabled=1     skip_if_unavailable=1     gpgcheck=0


Comparison of raw block devices

Is there a utility (or some shell magic) that allows me to compare two block devices? Details: I have one large (0.5 TB) RAID device that I've backed up to a slightly larger SATA device using dd. The device has several partitions on it, however I copy from the 'parent' device and not the partitioned device nodes (e.g., I copy /dev/hda and not /dev/hda1 for example). I would like to verify that backup is good/correct. I have thought about running md5sum across each device, however that won't give me an accurate result as the second device is slightly larger than the first and thus the extra bytes will change the hash.


Opening multiple split windows with GNU screen with single bash script

I would like to create a bash script to automatically open a screen window with 4 sessions running predetermined commands. I'd like to open htop and slurm on the top two frames, squidview in the middle large frame and a blank terminal on the bottom large frame. Is this possible to set up with a single bash script?


Getting correct perf version

I'm trying to run perf on my Ubuntu Precise box, which I recently upgraded to kernel 3.11.10-03111002 (manual install). The problem is that perf and kernel versions must match, and the requested version is not available in the repositories (linux-tools-VERSION package). I can only install up to v3.8.0. What can I do? Kernel upgrade/downgrade is an option, but I'd rather get the correct perf version.


How should one change the width of scrollbar?

I started using Linux Mint 13 Mate a few days ago and I can't find anyway to change the width of my scrollbar, no matter it is firefox, chrome or File Manager. I tried to search google with "Linux Mint 13 scrollbar size" or "Linux scrollbar size" as keywords but the result isn't useful. I looked up all the option in Control Center and found nothing so I doubt they have a option in Linux Mint 13. Actually it is quite a failure although they claim Linux Mint is user friendly. If anyone knows which linux distro has this option please tell me. Thanks.


Nagios uses sendmail, new mail server, need to change SMTP server

I'm working with a CentOS server that has Nagios running and sending notification emails. The emails are still going to the old email system which was kept up to ensure all emails were being routed to the correct location. I didn't set the system up, but it appears that this machine was able to relay to the smtp server to send mail? It still sends it through to the old system. I have the hostname for the new SMTP server but I'm not sure where I need to input this data.


diff --git unknown option

when I try to run               diff --git a/drivers/cpufreq/intel_pstate.c b/drivers/cpufreq/intel_pstate.c      I get unknown option (I have installed git via `apt-get install git`)


ssh-agent error on ubuntu server 10.04 LTS

I have an Ubuntu Server 10.04 installation on Linode. I am trying to use ssh- agent to stop typing my passphrase everytime I need to push some changes to GitHub. I am using the script provided by GitHub here. But when I source my `.zshrc` file or when I logout and log back in I get the following error message:               Could not open a connection to your authentication agent.     Error: Can't open display: (null)      Does anyone know what the the problem might be and how I could fix it please?


port redirection with PF under OpenBSD

i need to do a setting a bit unusual. I have 3 machines with public Ips. I want to use one of them as a load balancer for the 2 others. My machine >> machine1 who redirect the connection to machine 2 or 3. If machine1 has 1 private ip on a network card and another network card with a public ip it work without any problem using very simple rules like :


Debian package issue: files are installing into '/'

I have been recently trying to package a small Python utility to put on my PPA and I've almost got it to work, but I'm having problems in making the package install the binary (a chmod +x Python script) under `/usr/bin`. Instead it installs under `/`. I have this directory structure -> http://db.tt/0KhIYQL. My package Makefile is like so:               TARGET=usr/bin/txtrevise          make:           chmod +x $(TARGET)          install:           cp -r $(TARGET) $(DESTDIR)      I've used `$(DESTDIR)`, as I understand it to place the file under the debian subdir when debuild is run. I have the txtrevise script, my executable, under `usr/bin` folder under the root of my package. I also have the Makefile and `usr/bin/textrevise` in my tarball: txtrevise_1.1.original.tar.gz. However when I build this and look inside of the Debian package, txtrevise is always at the root of the package instead of under usr/bin and will be installed to / instead of /usr/bin. How can I get debuild to put the script in the right place?


Can I use logrotate to compress daily (date named) logs?

I have logs in the following format: YYYYMMDD I want to compress old logs (older then current day) and maybe move them to a different directory afterwards. Can I do this in logrotate, or do I have to use a custom script in cron?


Passing clicked links in rxvt to a script

I start my browser vimprobable in tabbed like so:               "`tabbed -d > /tmp/tabbed.xid`; vimprobable2 -e `cat /tmp/tabbed.xid`" [1] I am then able to send all new instances of vimprobable to tabbed (and not have a new master window open), in other apps, eg., mutt, by:               vimprobable2 -e $(cat /tmp/tabbed.xid) %s I would like to achieve the same thing in Urxvt. Currently my `.Xdefaults` contains the matcher arguments:               URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,matcher     URxvt.urlLauncher: vimprobable2     URxvt.matcher.button: 1 I have changed the launcher line to point at a wrapper script: `URxvt.urlLauncher: vimprobtab.sh` Which is just: `vimprobable2 -e $(cat /tmp/tabbed.xid) %s &` but this just opens a browser instance in tabbed with the default search engine result for `&` (or `%s` if I remove the ampersand). I have tried with other obvious variables, like `"$1"` and `"$@"` - they don't work either. How do I pass the URL to the wrapper script? [1] This also feels like a useless use of cat, so alternative suggestions would be welcome


yum proxy http errors

I've a VM running Centos 5.5 and I'm trying to get yum to update via a company proxy. I can browse the web within the VM using the proxy setting , but I cannot get yum to use the proxy. I'm getting the following error:               [Errno 14] HTTP Error 302: The HTTP server returned a redirect error     that would lead to an infinite loop.     The last 30x error message was:     Found     Error: Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base      I've setup the proxy=http://my-proxy:8080/ and proxy_username= and proxy_password= in my /etc/yum.conf to the same values I'm using in firefox on the VM - which is working. /etc/yum.repos.d has not been changed. The proxy presents a web page upon initial 1st use of the proxy, asking for username and password. I think this could be causing the issue, is there any way yum can deal with this ?


What does the name of the unix command apropos mean?

Apropos is a tool to search the headers of the man pages for a string. What does the name **apropos** mean?


Install gcc 4.7.2 on Debian squeeze 64x

I want to use gcc 4.7.2 on my Debian squeeze 64x I followed instructions in this thread: Get newest gcc for debian?, but I'm getting an error, I tried several apt-get install commands I will settle with 4.7.1, as long as i can use the new c++ 11 features. Below are my updated sources list and preferences file. After i updated these files i used apt-get update from a root terminal. **/etc/apt/sources.list**               #          # deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 6.0.5 _Squeeze_ - Official amd64 NETINST Binary-1 20120512-20:40]/ squeeze main          #deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 6.0.5 _Squeeze_ - Official amd64 NETINST Binary-1 20120512-20:40]/ squeeze main          deb http://ftp.belnet.be/debian/ squeeze main     deb-src http://ftp.belnet.be/debian/ squeeze main          deb http://ftp.belnet.be/debian/ wheezy main          deb http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main     deb-src http://security.debian.org/ squeeze/updates main          # squeeze-updates, previously known as 'volatile'     deb http://ftp.belnet.be/debian/ squeeze-updates main     deb-src http://ftp.belnet.be/debian/ squeeze-updates main          deb http://apt.jenslody.de/stable stable main     deb-src http://apt.jenslody.de/stable stable main     deb http://apt.wxwidgets.org/ squeeze-wx main      **/etc/apt/preferences**               Package: *     Pin: release n=squeeze     Pin-Priority: 900          Package: *     Pin: release n=wheezy     Pin-Priority: 200      It seems that this helped but now apt-get is complaining about unmet dependencies               root@debianWillem:/home/willem# apt-get install gcc-4.7/testing     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     Selected version '4.7.1-7' (Debian:testing [amd64]) for 'gcc-4.7'     Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have     requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable     distribution that some required packages have not yet been created     or been moved out of Incoming.     The following information may help to resolve the situation:          The following packages have unmet dependencies:      gcc-4.7 : Depends: cpp-4.7 (= 4.7.1-7) but it is not going to be installed                Depends: binutils (>= 2.21.1) but 2.20.1-16 is to be installed                Depends: libgcc1 (>= 1:4.7.1-7) but 1:4.4.5-8 is to be installed                Depends: libgomp1 (>= 4.7.1-7) but 4.4.5-8 is to be installed                Depends: libmpfr4 (>= 3.1.0) but 3.0.0-2 is to be installed                Recommends: libc6-dev (>= 2.13-5) but 2.11.3-3 is to be installed     E: Broken packages          root@debianWillem:/home/willem# apt-get --target-release testing install gcc-4.7     Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have     requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable     distribution that some required packages have not yet been created     or been moved out of Incoming.     The following information may help to resolve the situation:          The following packages have unmet dependencies:      initscripts : Breaks: console-setup (< 1.74) but 1.68+squeeze2 is to be installed                    Breaks: nfs-common (< 1:1.2.5-3) but 1:1.2.2-4squeeze2 is to be installed      libglib2.0-0 : Breaks: eog (< 3.2.2-3) but 2.30.2-1 is to be installed      libgnome-keyring0 : Breaks: gnome-keyring (< 3.0) but 2.30.3-5 is to be installed      network-manager : Recommends: crda but it is not going to be installed                        Breaks: network-manager-gnome (< 0.9) but 0.8.1-2 is to be installed     E: Broken packages      How do i resolve these unmet dependencies ?


ALSA: how to turn off "link note to velocity" feature

I use a USB MIDI keyboard to play with fluidsynth and ALSA on debian. It works fine but I wonder if there is the possibility to turn off the "link note to velocity" feature (= the volume of the played note depends on how fast I'll hit the key). edit: I assume it could be done on the software side because on most Digital Audio Workstation's (DAW) there is a specific setting for that. 2nd edit: Alright I found out that the setting can be done on the keyboard itself too. But if someone still does know how to do it software side, feel free to answer ;)


Config setting for Linux kernel compilation

I need a Linux kernel compiled with debug features for a kernel module development.What all debugging configuration options should I include for kernel compilation,So that I can avail to all available debug tools. Also, I am thinking about including all available debug facilities in kernel, like including whole of the "Kernel Hacking" configuration branch into the kernel.Will there's any side effect to it, in terms of: final build size and performance penalty etc.


ERROR: Failed to build linux

While compiling linux, I get following error:               [ALL  ]   CC      drivers/usb/otg/ulpi_viewport.o     [ALL  ]   LD      drivers/usb/phy/built-in.o     [ALL  ]   LD      drivers/usb/storage/built-in.o     [ALL  ]   CC      drivers/usb/usb-common.o     [ALL  ]   LD      drivers/usb/otg/built-in.o     [ALL  ]   LD      drivers/usb/host/built-in.o     [ALL  ]   LD      drivers/usb/built-in.o     [ALL  ]   LD      drivers/built-in.o     [ALL  ]   LINK    vmlinux     [ALL  ]   LD      vmlinux.o     [ALL  ]   MODPOST vmlinux.o     [WARN ] WARNING: modpost: Found 1 section mismatch(es).     [ALL  ] To see full details build your kernel with:     [ALL  ] 'make CONFIG_DEBUG_SECTION_MISMATCH=y'     [ALL  ]   GEN     .version     [ALL  ]   CHK     include/generated/compile.h     [ALL  ]   UPD     include/generated/compile.h     [ALL  ]   CC      init/version.o     [ALL  ]   LD      init/built-in.o     [ALL  ]   LD      vmlinux     [ALL  ] `xemacps_remove' referenced in section `.data' of drivers/built-in.o: defined in discarded section `.exit.text' of drivers/built-in.o     [ALL  ] `xwdtps_remove' referenced in section `.data' of drivers/built-in.o: defined in discarded section `.exit.text' of drivers/built-in.o     [ERROR] make[3]: *** [vmlinux] Error 1     [ERROR] make[2]: *** [sub-make] Error 2     [ALL  ] make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/suheb/New/petalinux-v2013.10-final/components/linux-kernel/xlnx-3.8'     [ERROR] make[1]: *** [/home/bacup_5april/Xilinx-ZC702-14.7/build/linux/kernel/xlnx-3.8/vmlinux] Error 2     [ALL  ] make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/bacup_5april/Xilinx-ZC702-14.7/build/linux/kernel'     [ALL  ] make: *** [sub_build_component_/kernel/linux-kernel/single/xlnx-3.8] Error 2     [ALL  ] make: Leaving directory `/home/bacup_5april/Xilinx-ZC702-14.7/build/linux'     ERROR: Failed to build linux      It is not giving clear idea of what is wrong ? This error started coming when I made some chnages in configuration fof kernel (specifically removed SMP support )


Problem installing Okular from ppa under Ubuntu

Under Ubuntu 12.04, I installed Okular from a ppa. After I installed it, I ran into the following problem of opening a PDF file:               $ okular my.pdf     Got bus address:  "unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-5dWEZJSTX0,guid=4834397efeb7eb0cb8c1da4300000038"     Connected to accessibility bus at:  "unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-5dWEZJSTX0,guid=4834397efeb7eb0cb8c1da4300000038"     Registered DEC:  true     okular(15329)/kdecore (KConfigSkeleton) KCoreConfigSkeleton::writeConfig:     okular(15329)/kdecore (KConfigSkeleton) KCoreConfigSkeleton::writeConfig:     okular(15329)/kdecore (KConfigSkeleton) KCoreConfigSkeleton::writeConfig:     okular(15329)/kdecore (KConfigSkeleton) KCoreConfigSkeleton::writeConfig:     okular(15329)/kdecore (KConfigSkeleton) KCoreConfigSkeleton::writeConfig:     Registered event listener change listener:  true     okular: symbol lookup error: okular: undefined symbol: _ZN11KActivities16ResourceInstanceC1EmP7QObject      Here is more information about the installed Okular:               $ okular --version     Qt: 4.8.1     KDE Development Platform: 4.8.5 (4.8.5)     Okular: 0.17.2          $ ldd $(which okular)         linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0xb7773000)         libkparts.so.4 => /usr/lib/libkparts.so.4 (0xb7707000)         libkactivities.so.6 => /usr/lib/libkactivities.so.6 (0xb76f1000)         libkio.so.5 => /usr/lib/libkio.so.5 (0xb7443000)         libkdeui.so.5 => /usr/lib/libkdeui.so.5 (0xb7000000)         libQtGui.so.4 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libQtGui.so.4 (0xb652d000)         libkdecore.so.5 => /usr/lib/libkdecore.so.5 (0xb625c000)         libQtCore.so.4 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libQtCore.so.4 (0xb5f7f000)         libQtDBus.so.4 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libQtDBus.so.4 (0xb5efe000)         libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0xb5e19000)         libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb5c6f000)         libnepomuk.so.4 => /usr/lib/libnepomuk.so.4 (0xb5b8b000)         libnepomukutils.so.4 => /usr/lib/libnepomukutils.so.4 (0xb5b53000)         libQtXml.so.4 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libQtXml.so.4 (0xb5b10000)         libQtNetwork.so.4 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libQtNetwork.so.4 (0xb59c3000)         libQtSvg.so.4 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libQtSvg.so.4 (0xb596e000)         libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 (0xb583a000)         libstreamanalyzer.so.0 => /usr/lib/libstreamanalyzer.so.0 (0xb57bc000)         libsolid.so.4 => /usr/lib/libsolid.so.4 (0xb56d9000)         libacl.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libacl.so.1 (0xb56d0000)         libattr.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libattr.so.1 (0xb56ca000)         libXrender.so.1 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libXrender.so.1 (0xb56c0000)         libm.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0xb5694000)         libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0xb5675000)         libSM.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libSM.so.6 (0xb566c000)         libICE.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libICE.so.6 (0xb5652000)         libattica.so.0.3 => /usr/lib/libattica.so.0.3 (0xb5567000)         libdbusmenu-qt.so.2 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdbusmenu-qt.so.2 (0xb5533000)         libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libfontconfig.so.1 (0xb54fe000)         libpthread.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0xb54e3000)         libaudio.so.2 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libaudio.so.2 (0xb54ca000)         libglib-2.0.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0xb53d1000)         libpng12.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpng12.so.0 (0xb53a7000)         libz.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0xb5390000)         libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6 (0xb52f6000)         libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0xb52a7000)         libXi.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libXi.so.6 (0xb5296000)         libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libXext.so.6 (0xb5284000)         libbz2.so.1.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libbz2.so.1.0 (0xb5272000)         liblzma.so.5 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/liblzma.so.5 (0xb524b000)         libdlrestrictions.so.1 => /usr/lib/libdlrestrictions.so.1 (0xb5246000)         libdl.so.2 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0xb5241000)         librt.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0xb5238000)         /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7774000)         libdbus-1.so.3 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdbus-1.so.3 (0xb51ee000)         libsoprano.so.4 => /usr/lib/libsoprano.so.4 (0xb50fa000)         libsopranoclient.so.1 => /usr/lib/libsopranoclient.so.1 (0xb50a9000)         libnepomukquery.so.4 => /usr/lib/libnepomukquery.so.4 (0xb505d000)         libxcb.so.1 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 (0xb503c000)         libstreams.so.0 => /usr/lib/libstreams.so.0 (0xb5004000)         libxml2.so.2 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libxml2.so.2 (0xb4eb7000)         libudev.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libudev.so.0 (0xb4ea7000)         libuuid.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libuuid.so.1 (0xb4ea1000)         libexpat.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1 (0xb4e77000)         libXt.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libXt.so.6 (0xb4e1a000)         libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 (0xb4e16000)         libpcre.so.3 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3 (0xb4dda000)         libffi.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libffi.so.6 (0xb4dd3000)         libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6 (0xb4dcb000)      The output of `less /var/log/apt/history.log` is in https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/13029929/history.log, and the relevant part is:               Start-Date: 2014-04-05  09:56:11     Commandline: apt-get install okular     Install: libkactivities6:i386 (4.8.5-0ubuntu0.1, automatic), libpoppler28:i386 (0.20.5-1ubuntu3~precise1~ppa1, automatic), libkactivities-bin:i386 (4.8.5-0ubuntu0.1, automatic), libpoppler-qt4-4:i386 (0.20.5-1ubuntu3~precise1~ppa1, automatic), libokularcore3:i386 (4.11.2-0ubuntu1~ubuntu12.04~ppa2, automatic)     Upgrade: okular:i386 (4.8.5-0ubuntu0.1, 4.11.2-0ubuntu1~ubuntu12.04~ppa2)     End-Date: 2014-04-05  09:56:42      What is the problem and how I can solve it?


iptables multiple -d flags not allowed

I am trying to log all my outbound connections to a file using iptables. This is my rule:               -A OUTPUT ! -o lo ! --destination 127.0.0.1  -m state --state NEW -j LOG --log-prefix "new_connection " --log-level 7      However, if I add another IP destination (multicast) so my rule becomes this:               -A OUTPUT ! -o lo ! --destination 127.0.0.1 ! --destination 239.192.0.0 -m state --state NEW -j LOG --log-prefix "new_connection " --log-level 7      I get the following error:               multiple -d flags not allowed      My question is not what does the error mean, but rather how can I exclude multiple IP addresses in my rule? The two conditions               ! --destination 127.0.0.1      and               ! --destination 239.192.0.0      are mutually exclusive so having two rules would effectively be like not having them at all (only worse, as I would get nearly twice the logs) So is there an "and" operator?


Configuring footnotes in emacs org mode

I came along the post Footnotes in emacs org mode: how to disable [n], but keep [fn:]? some months ago, and, as I said there, I don't believe the answer is right. However, I 'd still like to know how to ignore numeric foot notes (in the form [n]). The org mode docs say "A plain numeric footnote marker. Compatible with footnote.el, but not recommended because something like ‘[1]’ could easily be part of a code snippet. that". Sadly, it does not explain how to change this.


Can I use the "Scan" button with SANE?

I have an HP Deskjet with integrated scanner. It has a "Scan" button on its top, but this button does not interact with the `xsane` program on my Debian machine: To get a page scanned, I have to initiate the scanning process from `xsane`. Is there a setting (or a scan program) that allows me to press the scan button and cause the program to scan a page?


bash - inherit directory stack in children

If, in my newly created bash, I do:               pushd foo     pushd bar     dirs -l -v      I will get something like               0  bar     1  foo     2  old_dir      If I then do               bash     dirs -l -v      I get only               0  bar      The same thing happens if I use `screen` instead of `bash`. How could I maintain the directory stack in the forked shell?


how to execute a python program in a shell script

I have a python program in that I wrote some python code (disk.py). I executed this program using the command `python disk.py` in a terminal, it worked. Now I want to execute it using a shell script.


Connect to LAN resource via ssh tunnel

I have the following problem. From machine `A` I connect to machine `B` over the internet via ssh and port forwarding. Machine `B` is part of my local network and has connection to machine `C` which acts as a server inside the `LAN`.               A --------- | ---- B ---- C       INTERNET GW        LAN            Now I want to start a program on `A` that needs access to `C` without using a vpn connection. I tried ssh tunneling:               #user@A: ssh -N user@B -L 9999:B:9999      But when I start the program on `A` it cant connect to `C`. I guess it has something to do with `A` not having a route to `C` because it has only a local address (192.168.something) . How can I find out whats going wrong?


installing Oracle 11g r2 on linux 6.1

I am trying To Install the Oracle 11g r2 on Linux 6.1 but i am Not Successful since a couple of days.When I have done all prerequisites for oracle 11 g .But When I run The Installer I got this Error               Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB.   Actual 18741 MB    Passed     Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 4095 MB    Passed     Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors         >>> Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set.    Failed <<<<          Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before          continuing with the installation,          Continue? (y/n) [n]      and after I press "y", I got this exception:                Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError             at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)             at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:164)             at java.awt.Toolkit$2.run(Toolkit.java:821)             at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)             at java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(Toolkit.java:804)             at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(Unknown Source)             at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.<clinit>(Unknown Source)             at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.<clinit>(PlasticLookAndFeel.java:122)             at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)             at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:242)             at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:1783)             at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:480)             at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:758)             at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:164)             at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:181)             at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:265)             at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.startup(DBInstaller.java:114)             at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.main(DBInstaller.java:132)      My environment variables in `~/.bash_profile` are:               TMP=/tmp; export TMP     TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR          ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME     ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl; export ORACLE_UNQNAME          ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_BASE     ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_HOME     ORACLE_SID=orcl export ORACLE_SID     PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH     PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH     LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH     CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH     DISPLAY=oracle:0.0; export DISPLAY          JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME      Can anyone help?


Linux Mint: How to enble cryptswap with custom password?

When you want to use hibernation and you care for security, you'd like to have the swap encrypted. But not with the random password, chosen for you at startup, but with a fixed one, supplied by you at the boot time, so the hibernated state would be available for resuming upon next boot. There was a cool way to do this, that worked up until Mint 15: How to: get the whole system encrypted This doesn't work anymore on Petra. Can anyone help me with working it out? The main culprit, the `/usr/share/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-top` script didn't change, so I guess it has something to do with the kernel. It looks like the recent kernel just ignores all the scirpt, or at least the part that asks for a password for swap. Oh, and I was able to get the password prompt, when I accidentally booted the Mint 16 with the kernel from Mint 15. See also a related question: How to ask for a password to mount crypted swap at boot time on Linux Mint 16 with initramfs-tools? * * * ## Some debug info After opening the swap device with `sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 cryptswap`: **`sudo lsblk -o name,uuid`**               NAME                  UUID     sda                        ├─sda1                F251-38C0     ├─sda2                c66b8e51-dd1b-4d92-8605-a3ba7df6af83     ├─sda3                77af32db-038d-4c10-b302-039634cf943a     ├─sda4                7a3cde35-ab80-4618-ad76-7aa064d55f56     ├─sda5                fc068dd2-759c-4779-b521-c73cc5499e86     │ └─cryptswap (dm-1)  964eafeb-c88b-49c8-8b5e-6f8395e040b4     ├─sda6                926fa7cc-6f97-4672-85a7-a1ed8f5bd842     ├─sda7                804b9c88-907b-43d9-b23f-964c32ecc2ac     └─sda8                ce2cd926-133f-4e20-86f8-45bc4844271c       └─adama-docs (dm-0) 61a32b98-3b65-4af6-81ff-da090cae039f     sr0                    **`cat /etc/crypttab`**               #cryptswap1 /dev/sda5 /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-cbc-essiv:sha256     swap UUID=fc068dd2-759c-4779-b521-c73cc5499e86  none luks      **`cat /etc/fstab`**               UUID=926fa7cc-6f97-4672-85a7-a1ed8f5bd842   /   btrfs   defaults,subvol=@,compress,autodefrag   0   1     # /boot was on /dev/sda2 during installation     UUID=c66b8e51-dd1b-4d92-8605-a3ba7df6af83   /boot   ext3    defaults    0   2     # /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation     UUID=F251-38C0  /boot/efi   vfat    defaults    0   1     # /home was on /dev/sda6 during installation     UUID=926fa7cc-6f97-4672-85a7-a1ed8f5bd842   /home   btrfs   defaults,subvol=@home   0   2     # /mnt/ext4 was on /dev/sda7 during installation     UUID=804b9c88-907b-43d9-b23f-964c32ecc2ac   /mnt/ext4   ext4    defaults    0   0     # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation     UUID=964eafeb-c88b-49c8-8b5e-6f8395e040b4 none            swap    sw              0       0      **`/etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume`**               RESUME=/dev/disk/by-uuid/964eafeb-c88b-49c8-8b5e-6f8395e040b4      * * * ## update: When I setup everything like above, the system does display the familiar password prompt. It doesn't do that every time, and if it does, it is a fraction of second before the login screen (Linux Mint uses mdm for login). I guess there is racing condition; the mounting of swap is done parallel with the system booting; I expect the system to wait booting until the swap is mounted, and do it as early as possible. Otherwise how could it resume the hibernated state? There is a similar question for Ubuntu: http://askubuntu.com/questions/396136/encrypted-home-partition-encrypted-swap- working-hibernate It seems, that it worked for someone if he encrypted the root as well.


Very strange behavior with grep and IFS

I'm having trouble using grep, the returned results are "n-empty", I mean without the 'n' character... This is the script sample :               OLDIFS=$IFS     IFS="\\n"          i=$(grep -ril $1 *)          echo $i          IFS=$OLDIFS      I tried with `IFS='\n'` and `IFS="\n"` but the result displays the correct pathes _only_ when I get rid of the IFS... I'm using the result in a `for theFile in $i; do......done` loop, where **the results are used in the right way and`theFile` is correctly displayed**. The only problem is that I have no correct console/file output of `$i`, which is a strategic data : What I'm seeing in the console and the file which is written (sample) : `LecteurSy dicatio _sy dic/fiche_93.xml` What should be displayed and written (sample) : `LecteurSyndication_syndic/fiche_93.xml` Any idea ? **EDIT : complete script to play at home ;)**               #!/bin/bash          monTerminal=$(tty) ; monTerminal=${monTerminal:9}     fichier="/home/importts/tmpCmdOpenFirst$monTerminal.xml"          PWD="`pwd`"     echo "== Recherche dans les fiches  ==" > "$fichier"          echo "Recherche : $1" >> "$fichier"     echo "Dans      : $PWD" >> "$fichier"          OLDIFS=$IFS     IFS="\\n"          i=$(grep -ril $1 *)          echo $i          echo "== Liste des fichiers trouves ==" >> "$fichier"          echo $i >> "$fichier"          IFS=$OLDIFS               #while read uneFiche     for uneFiche in $i;     do          echo "================================" >> "$fichier"     echo "== $uneFiche" >> "$fichier"     echo "================================" >> "$fichier"     echo "" >> "$fichier"          xmlindent "$uneFiche" >> "$fichier"          done < /home/robert/tmpCmdOpenFirst_liste.txt          nano "$fichier"     #rm $fichier


What changed between kernels 3.2 and 3.9 that affect MiniDLNA?

I'm using Debian testing, and I've problems with MiniDLNA on kernel > 3.2. The DLNA client works about 30 min, after that it lost the connection with the minidlna server and can't discover the server again. But if I load with an old kernel (3.2) all works fine. The time that minidlna works (30 min) may be related to the notify_interval parameter, which by default is 15 min. **Problem solved**. It was related to my network configuration. My network config:               iface br0 inet static         address 192.168.5.2         netmask 255.255.255.0         gateway 192.168.5.1              bridge_ports eth0         bridge_stp off         bridge_maxwait 0         bridge_fd 0      In 3.5 kernel was added multicast_querier toggle and disabled queries by default which broke my DLNA on bridge interface. Now I just enable multicast_querier and all works as before.               # echo 1 > /sys/class/net/br0/bridge/multicast_querier


set the default keyboard type to ascii mode

I am running CentOS 6.5 and I am having problems setting the default keyboard mode to ascii for the virtual terminals. Currently, only the system console defaults to ascii mode, but if I log in to an other virtual terminal, it defaults to unicode mode. These are my configurations:               # /etc/sysconfig/keyboard     KEYTABLE="us"     MODEL="pc105"     LAYOUT="us"     KEYBOARDTYPE="pc"          # /etc/sysconfig/i18n     LANG="en_US.ISO88591"     SYSFONT="iso01.16"          # /etc/sysconfig/console     KEYMAP="us"     FONT="iso01.16"     UNICODE=""      Besides, since these files are more or less documented, I am not sure what is the difference between them and what variables can we assign into them. Any advice?


Can I recover from a system disk error on Ubuntu Linux?

I got a strange looking warning message in Windows Vista about a potential hard disk failure. I say strange because I have never in my life seen that type of warning in Windows. It suggested that I backup everything on this disk as soon as possible. The hard disk in question is the one I use for Ubuntu Linux. I know Windows can't read Linux file systems, not natively anyway, so it's probably some SMART reading that caused Windows to warn me about this disk drive. Ever since this happened I can't boot into Ubuntu Linux. I see several error lines passing by, something that indeed seems to be related to a disk failure. At the end it only presents the command prompt, the desktop doesn't load. Is there a way I can recover from this error? How do I grab the error logs from command prompt? I would like to post it here. Here's are a few screen shots: ![screen1](http://i.stack.imgur.com/AIiRF.jpg) ![screen2](http://i.stack.imgur.com/JScns.jpg) ![screen3](http://i.stack.imgur.com/Cp8tW.jpg)


How to generate kernel crash dumps?

I have X running on terminal 1 and terminal 2 on my RHEL 6.4 system. If i randomly switch between tty1 and tty2, the system crashes. I need to generate crash dump file to analyze the issue. How can I generate crash dump file?


Whonix Build-Script fails: ERROR in ./build-steps.d/1100_prepare-build-machine detected! Aborted!

I tried to build Whonix from source as described in https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Dev/Build_Documentation/8_short but it doesn't work, I get the following Error Message: ERROR in ./build- steps.d/1100_prepare-build-machine detected! Aborted! What does that mean? How do I fix this? (I'm on debian wheezy)


Modifying installation directories for Python versions

I am groping towards having a documented and ideal environment for me to develop in Python. I am going to utilize virtualenv to do so. I know that I can pass the python version as an argument to virtualenv. What I don't understand is twofold: 1) Why do different versions of some programs (i.e., Python) get installed in different directories? For example, Python 3.3 is installed in /usr/lib/ while 2.7 is installed in usr/bin. Then of course there's the local versions too, but that's not an issue for me since I'm the sole user on my machine. It just seems like a mess and I've never found a satisfactory answer as to why it is this way. 2) If I am going to pass the version as an argument to virtualenv, I would like all of my Pythons to be in a consistent directory so I don't have to remember this stuff. I have read about how when installing from source one can pass an argument to configure to set the installation location, but I've also read that's a good way to really make a mess of things. I don't propose to do it as a habit, though; it's only for my Pythons. So wouldn't that limited use case be ok? Thanks for any light that anyone can shed on this subject.


Remote desktop over SSH reverse tunnel to replace TeamViewer

I want to open a remote desktop session from my laptop to desktop over my SSH (reverse) tunnel. That should be simple (or at least doable), right? Until now I've been using Team Viewer to log in to the remote desktop. I'd like to achieve similar results without Team Viewer. Here's what my SSH tunnel looks like:               laptop--->nat--->middleman<--nat<--desktop      All machines are running Linux (mostly Kubuntu 12.04 or OpenSuse 12.3). I cannot change any ports or make any configuration changes on the nat routers. I'll describe my SSH tunnel because understanding that appears to be necessary in solving the VNC / remote desktop issue that is the heart of my question. Regarding this leg:               middleman<--nat<--desktop      ...here is how it is established:               autossh -M 5234 -N -f -R 1234:localhost:22 user@middleman.com      Regarding this leg:               laptop--->nat--->middleman      I can connect to middleman as follows:               me@laptop:~$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa admin@middleman        However, what I actually need to do is connect directly to the desktop, not to the middleman. To do that I use netcat ("nc") on middleman. Based on this it appears that nc is required. So I edit my SSH config file on laptop to use ProxyCommand and nc:               me@laptop:~/.ssh$ nano config      The contents are:               Host family_desktops       ProxyCommand ssh middleman_fqdn nc localhost %p       User admin       PasswordAuthentication no       IdentityFile ~/.ssh/my_id_rsa      Where `middleman_fqdn` is like "middleman.com" Then I just connect to "desktop" in one step:               me@laptop:~$ ssh family_desktops -p 1234      (I got this working based on help here and here and other related questions I asked. I have asked a ton of questions on this topic because I have been wresting with it for many weeks.) With this SSH connection I reach a fully functioning shell on my computer labeled `desktop`. Perfect. Now I just need a VNC-like (or TeamViewer-like) remote desktop solution over this SSH tunnel. How? ## Here is what I have tried so far: **middleman <--nat<--desktop**               autossh -M 5235 -N -f -R 1235:localhost:5901 user@middleman.com      with that connection established:               x11vnc -autoport 5901       I watch to make sure it connects to port 5901, which it does. **laptop--->nat--->middleman <--nat<--desktop** laptop ~/.ssh/config:               Host family_desktops       ProxyCommand ssh -NL 5901:localhost:1235 middleman.com nc localhost 1235       User admin       PasswordAuthentication no       IdentityFile ~/.ssh/my_id_rsa      Tunnel setup:               me@laptop:~$ sudo ssh family_desktops      VNC client:               connect to localhost:5901      This gives an error of "server not found" I have tried a number of variations on the ProxyCommand, none of them successful. Obviously, I'm guessing about which parameters should be in ProxyCommand and which should be on the ssh command line. I can see some potential problems with my setup, but I haven't been able to figure out what will make it all work. P.S. As mentioned, I have asked several questions about this. Some of those led me closer to the solution and form the basis of my present question. Other of my prior questions on this topic just show my ignorance and inability to ask the question in the right form. At this point, this present question represents my best ability to state what my problem is and what my desired solution is, but some of my other questions are still open too. Here's one that is relevant.


File open in tabs automatically

I want to set up vim so that it opens automatically in tab and not in buffers. I know that I could use `alias gvim='gvim -p'` or some such shell mapping but I am wondering if there is a way to do that from vim itself. So, what I want is for               gvim ook eek monkey      to be equivalent in behaviour to               gvim -p ook eek monkey      aka a tab is opened for each file/buffer.


Run process with higher priority

I want to run `mplayer` with higher priority than any other processes, including the IO-processes. How can I do that?


Change Hostname is Bash Prompt

I have changed the hostname and hosts file in /etc, however my bash prompt has not changed, do I need to restart something (like the OS?) for this to take effect?


xbindkeys: no process found

I'm not getting xbindkeys to work. I did this:               sudo aptitude install xbindkeys     xbindkeys --defaults > ~/.xbindkeysrc     sudo aptitude install xbindkeys-config     xbindkeys     xbindkeys-config      To begin with, it doesn't work. Now, xbindkeys-config has a button in the top-left corner with the caption "Get Key". Although this button seems to work (when I press it and hit a command, it fetches it correctly what I can see) -- although this happens, xbindkeys-config (?) echoes to stdout "xbindkeys: no process found". If there is supposed to be such a process running all the time fetching X events, this is indeed not so, on `ps -e | grep x` I only get the usual stuff (i.e., no xbindkeys). xbindkeys-config also has a way of running the command you wish to tie to a command. This works great, so it is not the "command side" of the thing that is non-responsive. Just to type `xbindkeys` doesn't seem to do anything... I've also tried to run it in .xinitrc, both as a foreground and background process.


What file systems on Linux store the creation time?

Are there any (good known, reliable) file systems on Linux that store the creation time of files and directories in the i-node table? If there are, is the "changed" time replaced by the creation time of an i-node in a stat call?


Why is a drive mounted already at /mnt ? Is this ok?

One of my drives is mounted directly as /mnt               $ df -h     Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on     /dev/xvda1            7.9G  6.9G  597M  93% /     udev                  829M  4.0K  829M   1% /dev     tmpfs                 334M  160K  334M   1% /run     none                  5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock     none                  834M     0  834M   0% /run/shm     /dev/xvda2            147G  188M  140G   1% /mnt           <--- This one      I thought /mnt is only the "parent mount points", and that devices are usually mounted as `/mnt/something` and not as `/mnt` itself. /mnt seems to be working ... I can write to it. Is this situation ok? (This is an Amazon EC2 ubuntu image)


tty (console): disable monitor

In .xinitrc, I use               xrandr --output LVDS1 --off      to disable the monitor of my laptop (I always use a projector at school). But, before I log in with `xinit`, or when I temporary go to the console (Linux virtual terminal, for example tty2 with `Ctrl`+`Alt`+`F2`) -- simply put, then the monitor is on, and I'd like it to be off. I suppose it is logical that it only works during X as xrandr is an X tool. So, I need to find the console "xrandr".


Virtual packages like 'mono-common' can't be removed

Any ideas? I'm trying to install mono as per these instructions: http://blog.ruski.co.za/page/Install-Mono-on-Ubuntu.aspx I need to be able to run the second command `apt-get remove mono-common` but I'm tripping up at that first hurdle! Thanks a lot


Change colors in console/virtual terminal

Is there a way to alter all the available colors in console / virtual terminal?   By console, I mean what you get after pressing CTRL + ALT + F1 and not anything like xterm or urxvt. So, I guess that would mean alter I can change 8 of the colors using escape sequences like so:               echo -en "\e]PY######"      where Y is the numerical id of the color (0 to 7) and ###### is the hex color value. My ultimate goal is to port the solarized color scheme to the console, because I want to look vim all the same regardless of whether i'm in console or X. Any suggestions on this? htop in xterm:   htop in xterm, solarized colors htop in console, after applying the 8 colors:   htop in console, after applying the 8 colors i could


FreeBSD and i915KMS result in black screen

I only had `800*600` resolution when I installed `xorg` and `openbox`. I did some digging and I found out for `Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor DRAM Controller` I have to active it. so I added this to my `/etc/make.conf`                WITH_NEW_XORG=true      WITH_KMS=true      and update my base system and also `portmaster -af` to update all my packages. That update worked; **but now every time I am trying to do `startx` or `X -configure` , my monitor goes black and and its power light start blinking like it is on standby. further investigation showed this black screen happens whenever I do `kldload i915kms`. Now i am out of idea and options.


How to update a mix of packages and ports on FreeBSD

I mostly use packages on FreeBSD, because most of them suit me just fine. Some don't suit me, however, like the `vim` package, which does not include a graphical `gvim`. No problem. I can install the port instead, using `portmaster editors/vim` and selecting the `GTK2` option. This works fine. However, when I run `pkg upgrade` after a while, I am presented with the following:                       Reinstalling vim-7.4.110_3 (options changed)      What gives? I didn't change any options, and there is no new version (not in ports, either). Is it comparing my installed port to the remote version without `GTK2`? Of course I can let `pkg upgrade` do its work and install the port again afterward, but this is stupid. What is the recommended way to update a mix of packages and ports?


"Cannot determine operating system" error

I have a OSX 10.6.8 and installed a LINUX version of Mathematica in my mac. When I try to open it with X11 or Terminal, it claims that "mathematica cannot determine operating system". I cannot figure out how to tell it what the OS is (I'm expecting it to be something like `linux32 mathematica`). I've looked everywhere for help, but nothing; I'm sure it's easy, also. How do I run Mathematica?


How do I get losetup -a to behave?

# losetup /dev/loop0 /tmp/tmpuUwgbn     # losetup -a     # losetup -f     /dev/loop1     # losetup /dev/loop0     /dev/loop0: [0806]:33654 (/tmp/tmpuUwgbn)     # ls -la /tmp/tmpuUwgbn     -rw------- 1 root root 0 2011-08-24 15:49 /tmp/tmpuUwgbn     # losetup -a     #      Why doesn't `losetup -a` list `/dev/loop0` when it clearly knows about it? The `man` page doesn't give any hints, and google doesn't help. **Note:** I found the answer by trial and error while writing this question, but I'm posting it anyway in the hopes it might help someone. See my answer below.


Why are capital letters included in a range of lower-case letters in an awk regex?

$ echo ABC | awk '$0 ~ /^[a-b]/'     ABC     $ echo ABC | awk '$0 ~ /^[a-a]/'     $ echo ABC | awk '$0 ~ /^a/'     $       You see. `/[a-b]/` captures `A`, but `/[a-a]/` or `/a/` doesn't. Why?


What is the "caller" command?

I'm running Ubuntu 10.10 with openbox running on top. I noticed today a command called `caller`, however there is no man page, it does not respond to any input (or --help) and whereis doesn't find it. Any idea what it is?


Best way to sync files - copy only EXISTING files and only if NEWER than target

I'm doing this sync locally on Ubuntu 12.04. The files are generally small text files (code). I want to copy (preserving mtime stamp) from `source` directory to `target` but I only want to copy if the file in `target` **already exists** and is **older** than the one in `source`. So I am only copying files that are newer in `source`, but they must exist in `target` or they won't be copied. (`source` will have many more files than `target`.) I will actually be copying from `source` to multiple `target` directories. I mention this in case it impacts the choice of solution. However, I can easily run my command multiple times, specifying the new `target` each time, if that's what is required.


What is the Command to check the history of the command executed which should based on the user who accessed it

I am looking for the command or script to meet the following requirement. I wanted a history of all the users who connected to my machine and what commands they execute in there session and at which time they executed it. If we dont have any command or script. Please share me the way to monitor it. INFO: Linux distro - RPM (Fedora -18 or above , Centos6 or above)


Install tar.bz2 archive?

I cannot seem to find out how to install a tar.bz2 file. I've Googled it and I've came across two commands, these did not work. I've changed my directory to my downloads folder `cd ~downloads` after that I've tried these two               tar -xjvf Sublime Text 2.0.2 x64.tar.bz2           tar -zxvf Sublime Text 2.0.2 x64.tar.bz2      and they both gave me the error of               tar (child): Sublime: Cannot open: No such file or directory     tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now     tar: Child returned status 2     tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now      I couldn't have spelled it wrong, as I copied the name directly from the archive. I'm very new to Linux, so can someone tell me what I'm doing wrong?


Error 404 Munin page not Found

I installed Munin and munin-node on Server and httpd was already installed. But after installed when i run the munin-node the Browser gives me this error.               Not Found          The requested URL /munin was not found on this server.          Apache/2.2.3 (Red Hat) Server at 192.168.5.1 Port 80      I checked the /etc/munin.conf file and the path to Html directory is correct.               # Example configuration file for Munin, generated by 'make build'          # The next three variables specifies where the location of the RRD     # databases, the HTML output, and the logs, severally.  They all     # must be writable by the user running munin-cron.     dbdir   /var/lib/munin     htmldir /var/www/munin     logdir  /var/log/munin     rundir  /var/run/munin      And the Permission for /var/www/munin/ are set for munin:munin # /etc/httpd/conf.d/munin.conf               # For SSL-servers     ScriptAlias /munin/cgi/ /var/www/munin/cgi/     #<Directory /var/www/munin/cgi/>     #   Options ExecCGI     #   SSLRequireSSL     #   order deny,allow     #   deny from all     #   AuthType Basic     #   AuthUserFile /site/cfg/passwd     #   AuthGroupFile /site/cfg/group     #   AuthName "munin"     #   require group munin     #   Satisfy Any     #</Directory>     #     Alias /munin/ /var/www/munin/     #<Directory /var/www/munin/>     #   Options None     #   SSLRequireSSL     #   order deny,allow     #   deny from all     #   AuthType Basic     #   AuthUserFile /site/cfg/passwd     #   AuthGroupFile /site/cfg/group     #   AuthName "munin"     #   require group munin     #   Satisfy Any     #</Directory>      # Apache Logs               [Sun Sep 01 04:03:12 2013] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ...     [Sun Sep 01 04:03:12 2013] [notice] Digest: done     [Sun Sep 01 04:03:12 2013] [notice] Apache/2.2.3 (Red Hat) configured -- resuming normal operations     [Sun Sep 01 11:34:47 2013] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:15 2013] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:15 2013] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ...     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:15 2013] [notice] Digest: done     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:16 2013] [notice] Apache/2.2.3 (Red Hat) configured -- resuming normal operations     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:18 2013] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:18 2013] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:18 2013] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ...     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:18 2013] [notice] Digest: done     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:18 2013] [notice] Apache/2.2.3 (Red Hat) configured -- resuming normal operations     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:41 2013] [error] [client 10.20.20.147] File does not exist: /var/www/html/munin     [Sun Sep 01 14:50:41 2013] [error] [client 10.20.20.147] File does not exist: /var/www/html/favicon.ico      # After un-commenting some files in /etc/httpd/conf.d/munin.conf               # For SSL-servers     ScriptAlias /munin/cgi/ /var/www/munin/cgi/     <Directory /var/www/munin/cgi/>        Options ExecCGI        #SSLRequireSSL        order deny,allow     #   deny from all        #deny from none        allow from all        AuthType Basic        AuthUserFile /site/cfg/passwd        AuthGroupFile /site/cfg/group        AuthName "munin"        require group munin        Satisfy Any     </Directory>     #     Alias /munin/ /var/www/munin/     <Directory /var/www/munin/>        Options None        #SSLRequireSSL        order deny,allow     #   deny from all        #deny from none        allow from all        AuthType Basic        AuthUserFile /site/cfg/passwd        AuthGroupFile /site/cfg/group        AuthName "munin"        require group munin        Satisfy Any     </Directory>


Cannot Remove (Unmount) Server Share (NFS) from Mount List

**Note on Duplicate** - This has been marked as a duplicate quite a few times, so can someone link me to a solution which works for me? Because _everything_ I've tried in all the other posts I've found, just hang forever. Thanks. * * * We have a server which has a mounted NFS share to a server which no longer exists, so this is a line from the `mount` command on server "t01": `192.168.1.2:/test on /t02 type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.2,clientaddr=192.168.1.12)` The t02 server no longer exists, it has been completely turned off and removed forever. I want to unmount it but can't seem to get it to work. I've tried the usual things suggested in posts but it's being stubborn! If I do `umount -f -l /t02` it just hangs forever.. So I tried doing an strace on that command: `strace umount -f -l /t02` and I get the following:               close(4)                                = 0     umask(022)                              = 022     getuid()                                = 0     geteuid()                               = 0     readlink("/t02", 0x7fff65ec9fb0, 4096) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)     stat("/t02",      Is there anything else I can do to force this to unmount? It's currently stopping me do a `df -kh` (just hangs if I try it).


Set up password-less SSH tunneling from home computer behind NAT to inside computer behind gateway

My home computer is behind an ISP-level NAT (and firewall). The target computer is work computer behind gateway. You have to log to gateway computer first via SSH (as it is the only one visible and with access from Internet). The SSH daemon on this gateway is configured to allow only 'keyboard-interactive' logins (i.e. no password-less public-key logging). Then you log to target computer using public-key based logging (only). How to set up SSH tunnels (I would probably need two of them: forward and reverse), so that after setting those up I can login from my home computer directly to host computer, and vice-versa, both without providing password. I'd like to be able to, for example, synchronize my private git repositories (pushing from home to target, and fetching from target to home). * * * Note that this is more involved setup that the one described in question How can I forward traffic from my publicly available server to a computer that is not publicly available?


Gifsicle on CentOS? x86_64

I am trying to install Gifsicle on my server which is CentOS x86_64. I do not know which package to use or how to install it. Can someone with experience help me out? http://www.lcdf.org/gifsicle/


arguments with pure command line

I don't know if this is possible with terminal command line rather than a script. I want to type a command which takes variables $0, $1 and enter the variables separately either at the start/end of the same line or on terminal prompt ie               $ cd /var/$0/$1


Need help decoding bash script

Have following line in bash script, parsing input arguments:               ((10#$2 > 0)) 2>/dev/null && shift 2 || shift      Basically it helps handling parameters with optional integer subparameter. Like:               -x 100 -y          -x -y      Could you explain how it works.


Is there a way to find out how many instances of the root user are logged into a Linux machine?

We have a handful of users that login to our Linux virtual machine as `root` either through the vSphere client or through SSH and I want to see if there is a way to tell if multiple `root` users are logged in at the same time.


Can SSH proxy requests from the remote system through my local system to the internet?

I have SSH access to a *nix system over a VPN. I need to install some packages from the distro's repos to that system but that system does not have general access to the internet to reach the repos. Using only SSH, can I set up reverse forwarding or proxying from the remote system through my local system and out to the internet?


How to load a module in Gentoo?

I am using Gentoo, with kernel 2.6.30, and I tried to load a module with `modprobe usbcore`, but it fails with `modprobe: module 'usbcore' not found`. However, I can find a directory with that name in the directory `/sys/module/`. What is wrong here?


How does Linux Mint 13 GUI (Cinnamon) know which users have administrator privileges?

Recently Cinnamon crashed. And I can no longer:   * Change settings of network manager   * Mount any external disks (except by sudo mount ... on command line)   * Shutdown (only can log out)   * Click "unlock" on any system setting for admin options I renamed my home folder, deleted myself, created a new user, moved my data from my backup home directory(except dotfolders and dotfiles like .config, .dmrc, .pulse, .gconf, .gnome2 ...) and re logged in. This way, I got my privileges back. After a while, Cinnamon crashed again and I have the same problem. And the following does not work:   * Login from text terminal.   * $ rm -rf .config/ .dbus/ .gconf/ .gnome2 .gnome2_private/ .linuxmint/ .local/ .pki/   * reboot And I still do not have my privileges. How are the GUI side of privileges handled and how can I get them back? Probably some configuration file is missing or has the wrong permissions.


disabling ctrl-alt-del and /etc/init

My OS is RHEL 6.2 I disable `Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Del` by changing in `/etc/init/control-alt-del.conf` the line               exec /sbin/shutdown -r now "Control-alt-del pressed"      by               exec /bin/true      I'll be testing it next Sunday. My questions:   1. are there any daemons to restart?   2. I keep a copy on original `/etc/init/control-alt-del.conf` in /etc/init, is it safe?   I mean won't the shutdown part of exec be fired?   3. more official way to disable `Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Del`? * * * **edit:** tested on vmware player 6.0.3 (for what it is worth, this is not a virtualization issue)   1. editing file, no exec line, no restart, user logged on gui, send `Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Del` : **shutdown prompt**   2. after restart, no exec line, user logged on gui, send `Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Del` : **shutdown prompt**   3. after restart, exec /bin/true, user logged on gui, send `Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Del` : **shutdown prompt**   4. after restart, exec /bin/true, **no** user logged on gui, send `Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Del` : **no shutdown prompt**


remove tc filter (Traffic Shaping)

How can I remove a single filter?               tc filter show dev peth1      shows               filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 16 u32     filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 16 u32 fh 800: ht divisor 1     filter parent 1: protocol ip pref 16 u32 fh 800::800 order 2048 key ht 800 bkt 0 flowid 1:2 match 5bd6aaf9/ffffffff at 12      Why does that not work?:               tc filter del dev peth1 pref 1 protocol ip handle 800:800 u32


Binary search for a failing line

`git` has `bisect run` to figure out which revision an error was introduced. I have a big file (100GB) and at least one of the lines is bad, but the program I have to check it with will not tell me which line. The lines are records, so I can write a binary search using `head` and `tail` and `/2` (passing the first half to the program, and if no errors, the second half), and based on that splitting the one half again. But does an automated tool already exist that can do this without my intervention (similar to `git bisect run`)?


how can we know which pts in /dev/pts mapping to which ip address?

Can anyone explain , how can we detect which `ssh session` belong to which ip address using `/dev/pts` directory ?


Automatically disable Linux extensions for Samba mounts

Samba enables Linux Extensions by default, which can be checked via /proc/fs/cifs/LinuxExtensionsEnabled On Mac OS X (10.8.5 or older) as well as older CIFS shares, mount.cifs will fail with a generic error message:                CIFS VFS: Send error in QFSUnixInfo = -95      CIFS VFS: cifs_read_super: get root inode failed      The workaround is to manually disable Linux extensions               $ sudo echo 0 > /proc/fs/cifs/LinuxExtensionsEnabled      Is there an option that I can pass along to disable Linux extensions, such as               $ mount -t cifs -o linuxextensions=n .....      Or can I disable it on boot automatically?