Can't login using serial on ttyO0 - BeagleBone Black

I boot Beaglebone Black, connected to my desktop by serial. It was working great, until now. Beagle is booting, output shows up on the console, but at the end I can't log in.   I can't type the login, nor anything (nothing, that I type shows on the screen). I am using Angstrom distribution.   This is the end of output from the Putty:               Starting Console Manager...     [  OK  ] Found device /dev/ttyO0.          Starting Serial Getty on ttyO0...     [  OK  ] Started Console Manager.     [   15.076001] tilcdc 4830e000.fb: mode 832x624@75 is blacklisted     [   15.163885] tilcdc 4830e000.fb: mode 832x624@75 is blacklisted          .---O---.     |       |                  .-.           o o     |   |   |-----.-----.-----.| |   .----..-----.-----.     |       |     | __  |  ---'| '--.|  .-'|     |     |     |   |   |  |  |     |---  ||  --'|  |  |  '  | | | |     '---'---'--'--'--.  |-----''----''--'  '-----'-'-'-'                     -'  |                     '---'          The Angstrom Distribution beaglebone ttyO0          Angstrom v2012.12 - Kernel 3.8.13          beaglebone login: [  OK  ] Reached target Sound Card.     [  OK  ] Found device /dev/ttyGS0.              Starting Serial Getty on ttyGS0...     [  OK  ] Started Serial Getty on ttyGS0.     [  OK  ] Reached target Login Prompts.     [  OK  ] Reached target Multi-User.     [  OK  ] Reached target Graphical Interface.     [   18.974513] tilcdc 4830e000.fb: mode 832x624@75 is blacklisted     [   19.034955] tilcdc 4830e000.fb: mode 832x624@75 is blacklisted     [   19.089415] tilcdc 4830e000.fb: mode 832x624@75 is blacklisted     [   19.296647] tilcdc 4830e000.fb: mode 832x624@75 is blacklisted     [   31.664635] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: commit=0     [   43.655795] tilcdc 4830e000.fb: mode 832x624@75 is blacklisted     [   43.698762] tilcdc 4830e000.fb: mode 832x624@75 is blacklisted     [   43.759312] tilcdc 4830e000.fb: mode 832x624@75 is blacklisted     [   43.796401] tilcdc 4830e000.fb: mode 832x624@75 is blacklisted     [   44.038548] fuse init (API version 7.20)


using mergecap for set of files

Im trying to use mergecap to merge 15 old pcap files in a folder. I tried to use               FILES=($(find /mnt/md0/capture/DCN/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.pcap"  -print0 | xargs -0 ls -lt | tail -15 | awk '{print $8}'))      and use mergecap command as `mergecap -w Merge.pcap ${FILES[@]}` but the mergecap doesnt run when I put it on crontab. Is there any method to combine these two commands to work properly. I tried as answer suggested `@l0b0 tried find /mnt/md0/capture/DCN/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.pcap" -print0 | tr '\0\n' '\n\0' | tail -15 | tr '\0\n' '\n\0' | xargs -r0 mergecap -w /mnt/md0/capture/DCN/Merge_"${TAG1}".pcap` in order to get the name of the oldest file to be merged into the output files name. But it gives gibberish as the file name. Am I doing anything wrong? Following scripts gets me the file names               FILES=($(find /mnt/md0/capture/DCN/ -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.pcap"  -print0 | xargs -0 ls -lt | tail -15 | awk '{print $8}'))          TAG1=$(basename "${FILES[0]}" | sed 's/.pcap//')


ATI driver and boot problem “Starting Timidity alsa midi emulation”

**It has been resolved. See answer bellow..** Asked this on askubuntu, but they knocked me down as off-topic and sent me here.. After upgrade I can no longer boot into gui. It stops on "Starting Timidity alsa midi emulation", but it's possible this has nothing to do with alsa. Could it just be that my boot is messed up somehow?? I also tried removing and reinstalling fglrx, but no changes. I've been to many forum questions already but no one seems to have solved this...               http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1871360.html     http://askubuntu.com/questions/120430/ubuntu-fails-on-boot-up      This is really frustrating. All my mind is on that computer.. :( My specs: ElementaryOS, Dell Studio 1550


Plugins for playing clips don't work properly

I am going to see some clips over youtube or other web sites like that. But there is a problem and I can't see clips. I think the problem is my plugings. How do I fix it? The sites that don't show me clips are: 1) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/2Wryh.png) 2) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/narw0.png)


Debian bridge doesn't accept IPv6 config

I'm currently trying to configure my bridge in Debian 7. I do have a working `config` for IPv4:               auto eth0     iface eth0 inet manual     auto br0     iface br0 inet static       address xx.xx.xx.131       netmask 255.255.255.192       gateway xx.xx.xx.129       bridge_ports eth0       bridge_stp off       bridge_fd 1       bridge_hello 2       bridge_maxage 12          iface br0 inet6 static       address xx:xx:xx::2       netmask 64       gateway xxxx::1      But on boot my interface only comes up with a IPv4 address. I also tried adding               up ip -6 addr add xx:xx:xx:2/64 dev br0     up ip -6 route add default via xxxx:1 dev br0      to the IPv4 config. No success either. If I execute the `ip -6` commands listed above after the reboot IPv6 works just fine. Caveat: I'm running a clean minimal install of Debian 7 nothing has yet been added.


Please help explain this bash output redirection

This script was posted as answer to a Question. And I'm trying to work out what's going on.               result=$(       {         {           ssh host app-status >&3 3>&-; echo "$?"         } | {           until read -t1 ret; do             printf . >&2           done           exit "$ret"         }       } 3>&1     )      Here's my explanation, but I'm sure it's wrong.   1. The outer `{...} 3>&1` : fd 3 is opened as a duplicate of stdout   2. Then second half of pipe, '| { }` no redirection   3. In read loop printf's stdout is duplicated with stderr, so in 2. (above) all output actually comes via stderr.   4. Now the first half of pipe, `{ ssh ... } |` : stdout of ssh is dupped onto fd3 (which is in fact stdout from 1. fd 3 is closed with `3>&-` so stdout is re-opened onto what it was originally and this is piped into 2.   5. finally, `echo` just prints to stdout So my question (problem with understanding) is; Is the result of this the same as just printf to stderr ? What does the _voodo_ redirect to 3 actually achieve? Is there anything asynchronous in here ?


displaying page 2 etc of multipage tiff

I have a multi-page TIFF file produced from scanning. When I open the file (Image Viewer), Next goes to the Next image file in the folder not the next image in the file. Is there a hidden option to see each of the images (Ubuntu 13.10). I don't really want to split/convert the file.


Does linux have pause/resume feature like in Windows 8?

I'm looking for some feature which will allow me to pause/resume copy-paste process similar to windows 8. Is there any file manager that will allow this process? Is it extension to file-manager. Does this process have anything to do with file-manager? I'm also searching for portable and best file-manager too. I'm little bit confused choosing between PCMan and Krusader. Any suggestion which to choose between them.


how to install yoono-desktop-1.8.43.tar.bz2 in linux

I recently yoono-desktop from http://www.yoono.com/desktop_features.html .How to install this file.


Why are 666 the default file creation permissions?

As I've found out, when using umask, the highest permissions you can give to files are 666. Which is done by `umask 0000`. That's because of the default file creation permissions, which appear to be 666 on every system that I know. I know for files we need executable rights to show their contents.   But why do we limit the default file creation permissions on 666?


How can find support large files?

I would like to find all the files of my system, which sizes are more than a couple gigabits. I thought I would use `find -size`, but the man page states: > The size does not count indirect blocks If I understand this correctly, the search is only relevant when the size is below `(number of direct blocks)×(size of a block) = 10*4096 = 40MiB`. So how can I list files larger than that? **EDIT** : I must be wrong somewhere as the man page supports _Gigabits_ as a size unit. Anyone can see where I would be wrong? Changed the title to reflect this.


How can I make tmux monitor a window for inactivity?

I've switched from GNU Screen to tmux. They're both similar, except that tmux is still maintained. GNU Screen has a `C-a _` ("silence") command. This command makes GNU Screen monitor the current window and alert me when there's been 30 seconds of inactivity. This is quite useful: for example, GNU Screen can watch a long `apt-get dist-upgrade` process and alert me when dpkg has a question for me. Does tmux have an equivalent command? I tried searching the Web but didn't find an answer.


Removing duplicate files but ignoring certain lines (e.g. embedded timestamp)

I have a bunch of gzipped text files. I am trying to remove duplicate files (using `fdupes`) but the problem is these files contain a line that has their timestamp in them, and the files are identical otherwise. I'd like to be able to find duplicates, ignoring this line, but _not_ remove the line from the files that I keep. In my case the line is of the following form:               -- Dump completed on 2014-07-12 10:00:01      Right now I am using the following script, which works but removes the timestamp line from the kept files:               #!/bin/sh          # Remove timestamp line from all gzipped text files by temporarily unzipping     # them, removing the line then rezipping. Preserve file system timestamp.     for a in *.sql.gz ; do         gunzip -c $a | sed -e 's/^-- Dump completed.*//g' | gzip -c -9 > temp.gz         touch -r $a temp.gz         mv temp.gz $a     done          # Duplicates can now be removed.     fdupes . -dN      I want to find a solution that doesn't involve modifying the original files, leaving the timestamp line in. Is there some way I can do this?


How do I increase the overall font size in GnuCash on Linux Mint?

Apparently GnuCash has no built-in way of increasing font size (I have absolutely no idea why). Googling suggests I should be able to increase system-wide gtk app font size with gnome-control-center, but on Linux Mint, there is no "appearance" or font size section to g-c-c. I tried fiddling with Menu->Applications->Preference->Appearance->Fonts but that did not change GnuCash's font size. I'm on Mint 13 with gnucash 2.4.10.


Compare files that are in directory 1 but not directory 2?

I'm having trouble with a bash script I want to make I know ls will list files that are in a directory but I want it to list directories that are in directory1 but NOT in directory2, and then list files in directory2 that are NOT in directory1. In a feeble attempt, I tried:               ls -al | diff directory1 directory2      Quickly I realized why it didn't work. Can anyone help out a total bash nerd out?


Linux kernel support for USB gamepads?

I've got an old Logitech USB gamepad that worked well under both Windows and Mac OS X. That is, the gamepad was totally "plug and play" for games run by a Super Nintendo emulator (SNES9X). Does Linux support such gamepads out of the box? Or any other controller for that matter? Thanks.


USB storage devices aren't automatically mounted when inserted on a fresh install of Debian 6.0

I installed Debian 6.0 (squeeze) a few days ago on my machine. I installed the default GNOME desktop, standard settings. Unfortunately, I just noticed that when I plug in USB storage devices (external hard drivers, USB sticks, etc.), they don't get automatically mounted, like they used to (and presumably still should). I noticed that the usb-storage module wasn't loaded automatically, either, so no device nodes were getting created either. So, I loaded that module, so at least now the device nodes get created automatically, it's just a case of mounting them manually. But that's not the point! In nautilus's preferences, I have "Browse media when inserted" checked, (i.e., the default), but just nothing in the UI happens when I insert something. The device never appears in the Computer view. Watching the kernel logs shows that the insertions are definitely being registered, and after manually loading usb-storage first (what is that about? Why isn't that happening automatically?), device nodes get created, but that's it. So. My question is, from here, how do I go about finding out what's wrong?


Location on disk to write a byte-flag?

I am writing an update utility for an embedded Linux device for which I am responsible. I'm creating a basic side-by-side setup, where updates are applied to a staging partition and then the bootloader is switched to the staging partition, changing the primary partition into the new staging one. However, the embedded device uses a CF card, which are known for sometimes writing data out of order, etc. For this reason, if I mount a file system as read/write, there's a chance of corruption. Therefore, I cannot mount my bootloader partition RW in order to point to the new partition. **Is there a location on disk to which I can safely write a single byte** , where the byte represents a 0 for the first partition or a 1 for the second? Even a CF card can't screw up a single byte write, which should happen atomically. I'm using a plain-old DOS MBR format disk.


How do I create a ZIP archive that preserves only the structure of the target directory and below?

I need to create a zip archive where the unzipped result preserves the directory structure _from_ the specified directory down. I also need to do this _without_ actually switching to the directory. My question is _similar_ to this. After having read a great deal on the issue, I don't feel that anything has completely answered my question. For example, I have:               /tmp         /sub_dir             /pertinent_dir                 /sub_folder_1/                     stuff.pdf                     stuff.xls                 /sub_folder_2/                     stuff.pdf                     stuff.xls                 /sub_folder_3/                     stuff.pdf                     stuff.xls           I need to be able to perform `zip -r /tmp/sub_dir/pertinent_dir.zip /tmp/sub_dir/pertinent_dir/*` such that the result only contains `pertinent_dir` and below. Again, I need to do this _regardless_ of my current directory context. I've tried `-j`, but that doesn't seem to work. Perhaps it's not possible. Is there something I'm missing?


Converting Webserver Logged IP Addresses to DNS

I'm trying to use a bash script to process a webserver log file and replace any IP's it finds with their corresponding DNS hostnames. An example entry of a single line from the log file is:               <12>1 2013-11-04T15:04:05+00:00 networkname kernel - - - kernel: [161030.740000] ACCEPT IN=br0 OUT= MAC=00:11:22:33:44:11:00:11:11:11:11:11:11:11 SRC=192.168.1.6 DST=192.168.1.1 LEN=71 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=30324 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=43729 DPT=53 LEN=51       (I have changed all private details in the above line for example purposes). So above, the two fields SRC=192.168.1.6 and DST=192.168.1.1 contain IP addresses, that I need to convert into DNS hostnames (I understand they are just internal addresses, this is just as an example). This is what I have come up with so far for my script:               #!/bin/bash          logFile=$1          while read line     do         for word in $line         do                      # if word is ip address change to hostname                 if [[ $word =~ 'DST='^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$ ]]                 then                         # check if ip address is correct                         ip=($word) | cut -d'=' -f 2                         echo -n `nslookup $word | grep Name | cut -d' ' -f 8`                         echo -n " "                 # else print word                 else                         echo -n $word                         echo -n " "                 fi         done         # new line         echo     done < "$logFile"      The part that is throwing me is interpreting the DST= and SRC= fields as an IP address, I'm not really sure of the syntax to strip this off prior to DNS processing, then adding it back on following DNS processing, or if there is a better way? I did search the forums in advance and found the following article: resolve all ip addresses in command output using standard command line tools However it didn't seem to work, potentially given the format of my log files.


How do I power down on reboot?

I am programming for a Linux ARM device and have some situations where I need to reboot the device after a user prompt. Whenever I run `reboot -f` or `shutdown -r now` though, the system starts up with a kernel panic error. If I manually reboot by unplugging the power it reboots perfectly fine. Is there a way to power down on reboot? I feel like it might help me avoid a lot of grief.


VLAN setup on CentOS

I have two networks I want to separate from each other (no inter-routing). I'm using a Linux host as a router and I have a Juniper switch as the switch (obviously). My LAN interface on the Linux router is `eth1`, so I created a VLAN called `eth1.2` and gave it an IP in a separate subnet.               eth1   => 192.168.1.1/24     eth1.2 => 192.168.2.1/24      I have the juniper configured so that there are two VLANs, default and wifi. I did the following commands:               set vlans wifi vlan-id 2     set interfaces ge-0/0/12.0 unit 0 family ethernet-switching vlan members wifi     set vlans wifi interface ge-0/0/12.0      **Question** I have the WAN interface on the Wireless Router connected to port 12. The Linux router can't see its static IP. Any ideas what I might be doing wrong? **Update** I think part of my problem is that I didn't give the router's port on the juniper any VLAN memberships. It should be seen as a trunk according to Juniper's tutorials on youtube. I think I might have to create another VLAN to act as the "default" since I don't think I can use default anymore. What gives me this idea is that I added the VLAN memberships to the router's port on the juniper and everyone's networking broke.


Arch Linux PowerPC installation guide for absolute beginners

I was wondering if there was an Arch Linux installation guide for absolute beginners for PowerPC. I've been using the one on the website, and I receive errors such as "the Linux kernel package could not be installed". I think I'm not following the instructions correctly.


console space eaten up by file contents

see the example below to understand my problem ; consider my console prompt look like this               user@server $ ls     "I opened a file temp"     user@server $ vi temp      "temp will open in the same window, when I close temp, I dont come back to "               user@server $ ls     user@server $ vi temp     user@server $      instead I come back to something like this               user@server $ ls     user@server $ vi temp     "temp file content"     "temp file content"     "temp file content"     user@server $      Its eating up my visible screen space, and I may end up losing some important output because of this file content.


How can you change ident, which shows up as ident@hostname.com on ircll?

I know the nickname and the real name field can be changed with environment variables such as IRCNICK and IRCNAME. However, the documentation does not tell you how the ident is changed. (The ident is the name that's used when you /whois nickname, and it shows up as part of **ident** @username.com in the host field, and the bolded part is what I'm trying to figure out how to change) I'm wondering if this is possible on the ircll client.


Get client hostnames from DHCP

I have a voyage 2.6.38 machine running DNSMASQ for a DHCP server and I would like to get the hostnames of the clients that acquire DHCP leases. How would I go about doing this?


A clever way to defragment a FAT filesystem?

What is the best way to defragment a FAT filesystem when running Linux/Unix (on usb stick for instance)?   * Copy all content elsewhere, format, copy back again?   * Use FreeDOS defrag utility, in a KVM command?   * Boot with Partition Logic?   * other?


Linux distribution that offers a good KDE experience

I have been a Gnome user for years (8 years), and I'm looking for recommendations and comparisons of Linux distributions that offers good KDE integration/experience. Some details to mention:   * the environments speed,   * selection of default apps   * whether it's a modified KDE   * what makes the distro special regarding KDE and KDE/QT apps?   * Employed or active KDE developers who are also distro developers   * integration with gtk apps   * how friendly is it for a novice user (e.g. all cli, do it yourself, or pretty much set up to just work) Thanks


Debian PXE Preseeding: Can I clone my existing Debian system instead of using the Internet?

I'm currently working on PXE booting 10 or so machines to install Debian on them over the network from a centralized DHCP + TFTP server. I'm using the TFTP server to serve the Debian netboot image to the PXE clients. I'm also serving them a preseeding file via FTP. So far (after hours of Google, trial and error) so good. The thing is, while reading the preseeding file, the hosts seem to be trying to fetch packages over the Internet; which is quite logical since the netboot image is only 8-9 MB in size. The problem with that is that the Internet connection in that environment is currently unreliable so I was wondering if there's a way I can direct the hosts (via the preseed file or a kernel boot parameter) to clone my existent Debian system (i.e. the one on the DHCP/TFTP server). I would appreciate any help and I'm willing to share further information about my setup if you think they'd be helpful to you either to help you set up a similar environment or to help you suggest a solution to me :)


How do I list all installed programs?

How do I list both programs that came with my distribution and those I manually installed?


Encfs error: `/bin/umount: unrecognized option `--no-canonicalize'`

I just installed `encfs` from source on a synology disk-station (DSM 4.1) and it seems to work fine. But when I try to `unmount` my `encfs` directory via `fusermount -u` I get the error message:               fusermount -u myencfstestdir     /bin/umount: unrecognized option `--no-canonicalize'     BusyBox v1.16.1 (2012-09-26 03:30:23 CST) multi-call binary.          Usage: umount [OPTIONS] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY          Unmount file systems          Options:     -n Don't erase /etc/mtab entries     -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy     -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem)     -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)     -d Free loop device if it has been used      However the directory seems to be unmounted. I can mount it with `encfs` afterwards without problems. Should I care about this error message? If not, how can I suppress it, or even better, how can I fix it?


How can I most simply transparently bridge traffic between wlan0 and eth0?

I am looking to do this on a Raspberry Pi, but I don't mind which operating system I have to install, so the easiest most out-of-the-box solution for Pidora (Fedora 20 Remix), Raspbian (Debian) or Arch is the one I'd like. I am living in a university building where internet access is supplied via a protected wireless network. This wireless network is authorised using WPA2-Enterprise PEAP and requires me to supply a username, password, and authentication certificate. The university provides a script to automatically configure a Linux machine for this network, and the script is happy working with either wpa_supplicant or network-manager - I've tried both. I have a lot of machines (a mixture of Linux and Windows) which all talk to one another via my own private wireless router. This router has a WAN port meant to face an internet connection, so as to share that connection with all machines on its wireless network. My aim is to have my Raspberry Pi connect to the university's protected wireless network and then provide an internet connection to the WAN port on my private wireless router. I've decided to use a Raspberry Pi because it's the lowest overhead device I have access to that is able to connect to my university's protected wireless network. I do not need to be able to see my Raspberry Pi on my private wireless network (if I could that would be fine, but I'm really after the simplest configuration possible). All I need is for my Raspberry Pi to handle authentication to the university wireless network, and then transparently pass data between eth0 and wlan0. To any device plugged into my Raspberry Pi using an ethernet cable, the Raspberry Pi should just look like straight-forward internet gateway. To summarise, I'm looking for, (University Wi-Fi with WPA2 PEAP) -> (RPi wlan0)---(RPi eth0) -> (WAN on Private Router) I've tried using bridge-utils on Debian, but this always seems to knock out my Raspberry Pi's wireless connection. I've also read about using iptables and ebtables but, as yet, I don't really understand what I'm meant to be doing there, and some of the configurations I've found on the internet seem to conflict with one another. I should add that the university wireless network dynamically assigns my Raspberry Pi an IP address on wlan0 each time it connects. My private router handles dynamic IP address assignment for all of my machines. I would be so grateful if anyone could outline some simple clear instructions for achieving the setup I'm after. I am of course willing to read up on and learn anything I need to get this running, but I am interested in keeping the solution as simple and easy to reproduce as possible. The only device I want to configure is the Raspberry Pi. I note that what I'm trying to do should be possible, because it's perfectly simple to share my university wireless network via my ethernet port on my Windows laptop! Many thanks in advance!


How to get mouse click position?

I know I can get the position of the mouse pointer by executing `xdotool getmouselocation`. What I need is program that will run and let me know the position where the mouse pointer clicks.


Monitor Disk Usage per directory/file

I have a huge java app that drives my disk crazy. As I think that this issue is only due to 3-5 small things I would like to monitor what is written to/read from disk within an hour sorted by size and actions. Is there any app that runs under ubuntu 1204 that could help me with this issue and give me an average report after an hour of profiling or so? Or would you handle the whole issue differently?


Why absolute symlink on SAMBA share is followed directly by CIFS mount?

If an SMB share has a symlink with an absolute path `/share/latest/dir -> /share/data/201407` then Windows clients can access files by link with no problem.               dir \\smbserver\share\latest\dir\     Directory: \\smbserver\share\latest\dir\     file a ...      However unix clients get an error on the cifs mount of same share.               ls /mnt/share/latest/dir/      /mnt/share/latest/dir/ : No such file or directory      Why does Samba mount not follow the symlink? How can I get a CIFS mount to follow symbolic links?


Union of two files and unique in new file

I have two files with few similar column one, two and third column with small variation and few other columns as follows. file 1:               AT1  AT22  24  1 ATAGATA ATTATAT     AT2  AT24  22  0 ATAGATA ATTATAT     AT3  AT23  263 3 ATAGATA ATTATAT     AT4  AT28  252 6 ATAGATA ATTATAT      Similarly in file 2:               AT1  AT22  22  1 ATAGATA ATTATAT     AT3  AT23  265  1 ATAGATA ATTATAT     AT4  AT28  253  1 ATAGATA ATTATAT      The output should be Union and unique of these files with relaxation of +or -2 of the third column and if first three matches with these criteria, the fourth column has to be added from the both the files and other should be printed as usual which is like               AT1  AT22  24  2 ATAGATA ATTATAT     AT2  AT24  22  0 ATAGATA ATTATAT     AT3  AT23  263 4 ATAGATA ATTATAT     AT4  AT28  252 7 ATAGATA ATTATAT


Installing RHEL6.5 by swapping RPMs

**BACKGROUND** So I've been tasked with updating a system from RHEL6.0 to RHEL6.5 via a bootable USB. Due to size limitation, I've stripped (using the `rpm -e` command to prevent dependency errors) approximately 30 rpms from the text version of 6.5 (significantly smaller than the fuller GUI version). I've swapped the `Packages/` of the RHEL6.0 with the slimmer RHEL6.5 and created the bootable USB. **ISSUE** Unfortunately, I'm having problems with the installation of the new OS. When I boot from the USB, RHEL initializes properly (passes all the dependency checks) but when it starts the actual installation, it runs into a error. The error says that a certain RPM is missing. However, that specific rpm is in fact loaded in the `Packages/` but with an updated version number. For example, it will ask for `passwd-0.77.**4***.rpm` (which exists on 6.0) but I need to update it to `passwd-0.77.**5***.rpm` (may not be exactly those numbers, but you get the idea). **SOLUTION** Is there some master file that the installer checks for the version number of the RPMs? Or perhaps there is a certain RPM that contains the version numbers for all the other RPMs? I've check the `repodata/*.xml` with little success (it appears to most have files pertaining to different world languages as well as the database entry for each of the RPMs). **BONUS** Is there a list of 'mandatory' RPMs that Red Hat needs to have in order to install the OS? I've seen the mandatory keyword pop up in `repodata/*-comps- rhel6-Workstation.xml` (you might need to `gunzip` it beforehand) but the file seems to be focused mainly on the RPMs based on world languages. There's a bunch of these 'mandatory' RPMs located under a section called 'core'. Can anyone reassure me that these are the RPMs needed to install the most basic text version of Red Hat? **TL;DR** How do I change the version number that Red Hat looks for during installation of the OS?


Randomize external port when doing NAT with iptables

I want to configure a NAT behavior different from the default one implemented by `iptables`. In this example:               iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j SNAT --to-source 193.49.142.107:2000-400      The default behavior of NAT implemented by `iptables` is Endpoint independent. This means, all sessions initiated from the same host will have the same 'external' (IP, Port Number) even if there's a range of ports. I need to know what are the flags or options to be modified in order to have a different port number for each session.


Compiled, can't access with sudo

So I compiled FFmpeg from this guide as a standard user and it works fine as the user I compiled with but if i do `sudo ffmpeg` the program can't be found. Is it possible to make it accessible by root or do I need to rebuild logged in as root?


How to remove duplicate entries from a file?

I have a comma-separated list of domain-names in a file; unfortunately there are duplicate entries for some domain-names. Is there a way to find and remove the duplicate entries from the file? The sample output is as below:-               culturaurbanashop.com,remaxcorn.info,enjoygoing.com,full-kit-wankers.co.uk,paracaballo.com,radiopozarica.com,sprinklermaps.com,unlock-any-phone.com,voipbillingplus.com,yedincicadde.net,klasseaparte.com,allfortheweb.com,indulgesolutions.com,fastextcafe.info,titi.sickworldhosting.com,kebeico.com,facemowi.it,mellat.info,sal-gov.info,hindustan4848.com,nawaopls.co.za,familie-ries.de


what does the @ mean in ls -l?

I am using Mac OSX. When I type `ls -l` I see something like               drwxr-xr-x@ 12 xonic  staff    408 22 Jun 19:00 .     drwxr-xr-x   9 xonic  staff    306 22 Jun 19:42 ..     -rwxrwxrwx@  1 xonic  staff   6148 25 Mai 23:04 .DS_Store     -rw-r--r--@  1 xonic  staff  17284 22 Jun 00:20 filmStrip.cpp     -rw-r--r--@  1 xonic  staff   3843 21 Jun 21:20 filmStrip.h      What do the @'s mean?


What does @ sign mean in 'ls' output on Mac OSX Lion terminal?

> **Possible Duplicate:**   >  what does the @ mean in ls -l? What does the @ sign mean in the following "ls" output?               -rw-r--r--@ 1 root wheel 489 Jan 4 13:14 boot.plist


Explain the "@" symbol in this permissions example

I have a file on my Darwin system and the permissions are:               -rwxr-xr-x@      User: read, write, execute Group: read, execute Other: read, execute What is the 11th notation the `@` mean? In addition to this, I was led to believe that files/directories only had 10 places for their permissions? This, including the missing `d` from the front, would make 11.


What does the "@" (at) symbol mean on OSX ls?

When I check permission of less files from the command line on my Snow Leopard OSX system using Bash I see `-rw-r--r--@` for certain files and for others I just see `-rw-r--r--` What does the @ mean here?


File Permissions mode ending in @ or +

I was changing file permissions and I noticed that some of the permissions modes ended in `@` as in `-rw-r--r--@`, or a `+` as in `drwxr-x---+`. I've looked at the man pages for chmod and chown, and searched around different help forums, but I can't find anything about what these symbols mean.


continuous reading from named pipe (cat or tail -f)

I have configured `rsyslog` to log certain log events to `/dev/xconsole`:               *.*;cron.!=info;mail.!=info      |/dev/xconsole      `/dev/xconsole` is a named pipe (`fifo`). If I want to see what is being logged, I can do `cat /dev/xconsole`. I am surprised to see, that the command `cat /dev/xconsole` does not finish after reading the file, but instead acts as `tail -f`. in other words, the two commands behave the same:               cat /dev/xconsole     tail -f /dev/xconsole      Can somebody please explain why is that? Is there any difference between the two?


Configure remote control Zydacron

I have found an old infrared remote controller with the receptor connected as USB. I connect it into my Linux box (Mint LMDE kernel 3.2.0-4-amd64). It's recognized with `lsusb` as "Zydacron HID Remote Control". It works ... almost ... I can change the volume, start/stop the media player, choose the track in the playlist. But some key seems to not react (not configured).   * How can configure all the keys?   * Should I install "lirc"?


Cannot access any files Manjaro Linux

I cannot open any files on my Manjaro Linux laptop. I really can't remember why it happened but I restarted my computer and now I dont have read/write access to any folder or file even though I've logged in.


How to print apparently hidden environment variables?

Environment variables can be shown with `env`; but, some are not shown. For example... `echo $EUID` might produce as result of `1000` yet `env | grep EUID` produces no result. What is this type of variable? A read-only environment variable? Do all shells set the same variables by some convention? How does one go about listing these hidden variables?


AIX install Mercurial no root

Is is possible to install Mercurial on AIX system without root? I'm an ordinary user of our colleges IBM cluster and in there I fond no version control software. Could you show a brief guide of how to build mercurial from the source code on AIX? **Update** The python on the system is incomplete. When use               python setup.py install --user      to install Mercurial, I get error               "Couldn't import standard bz2 (incomplete Python install)."      I also tried to compile python 2.6.8 and get the error:               Failed to find the necessary bits to build these modules:     _sqlite3           bsddb185           dl                   imageop            linuxaudiodev      ossaudiodev          spwd               sunaudiodev                             To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.               Failed to build these modules:     _bsddb             _ctypes            _curses              _curses_panel      _tkinter           fcntl


Avoiding busy waiting in bash, without the sleep command

I know I can wait on a condition to become true in bash by doing:               while true; do       test_condition && break       sleep 1     done      But it creates 1 sub-process at each iteration (sleep). I could avoid them by doing:               while true; do       test_condition && break     done      But it uses lot of CPU (busy waiting). To avoid sub-processes and busy waiting, I came up with the solution bellow, but I find it ugly:               my_tmp_dir=$(mktemp -d --tmpdir=/tmp)    # Create a unique tmp dir for the fifo.     mkfifo $my_tmp_dir/fifo                  # Create an empty fifo for sleep by read.     exec 3<> $my_tmp_dir/fifo                # Open the fifo for reading and writing.          while true; do       test_condition && break       read -t 1 -u 3 var                     # Same as sleep 1, but without sub-process.     done          exec 3<&-                                # Closing the fifo.     rm $my_tmp_dir/fifo; rmdir $my_tmp_dir   # Cleanup, could be done in a trap.      Note: in the general case, I cannot simply use `read -t 1 var` without the fifo, because it will consume stdin, and will not work if stdin is not a terminal or a pipe. Can I avoid sub-processes and busy waiting in a more elegant way ?


"Recently used" directories and files in bash

In Firefox under Ubuntu, when I try to save some webpages to my local computer by Ctrl+S, there will be a window popping out for me to select the destination, where I can choose "Recently Used" directories and files. I believe "Recently Used" is maintained by Ubuntu. Some questions:   1. I found that only those directories or files that are recently created or changed will be shown under "Recently Used". For those recently visited without being modified, they seem not be counted as recently used, but sometimes I hope they can be counted.   2. Also there is a very limit length of history for what have been recently used, but sometimes I want to have a longer history.   3. Can I view a list of recently used directories and files in terminal? I am using bash.


wpa_supplicant: connect to WLAN in the background (during boot)

I am using manual configuration to connect to my WLAN. In my wpa_supplicant.conf, I have something like this:               network={         ssid="mywifi"         key_management=WPA-EAP         ...     }      and then, in my `/etc/network/interfaces` I have               auto wlan0         iface wlan0 inet dhcp      When I start my laptop, the connection to my WLAN is established automatically. The problem is, it takes sometimes 10 - 15 seconds until the connection is established and the whole boot process is blocked and waiting. I was wondering whether it is possible to configure, so that the connection is established in the background, so that the boot process can go on booting, without waiting for the WLAN to be ready. I am using Debian Wheezy


What GPG agent does Elementary Luna use?

Whenever I try decrypting or signing files with GPG in Elementary Luna, I see a graphical password prompt come up for my GPG key. The key is then cached in memory for future requests for some time. My first thought was to use `gpg-agent` to purge it from memory or to configure the TTL, but to my surprise, it wasn't installed. `seahorse` also isn't installed. What is being used as a GPG agent on Elementary Linux?


Removing non printable characters from expect logs?

How can I either strip the following character sequences from my files? `^[[64;8H`, `^[[?25h`, `^[[1;64r` etc or avoid having expect add them in the first place? _Background:_ I'm using a collection of expect scripts for certain tasks. The output files I'm collecting often contain the above type of characters (as displayed in emacs / vi / cat -v). I've tried a number of tr commands like the following but it only makes the [64;8H etc visible.               tr -dc '[:print:]\n' < input      EDIT: The results from above on a problematic line               [1;64r[64;1H[64;1H[2K[64;1H[?25h[64;1H[64;.....


My ~/.Xresources is disabling gtk antialiasing

When booting into my window manage (xmonad), gtk fonts are anti-aliased, but for some reason urxvt has problems with variable names in my `~/.Xdefaults` (it fails to parse the variable names as colors and thus everything is pink). This is fixed by running `xrdb -merge ~/.Xdefaults`. However, doing this seems to disable anti-aliasing for fonts in gtk apps, but not in urxvt. What would be causing this? I've since moved my `~/.Xdefaults` to `~/.Xresources`, and now, gtk antialiasing seems to not be working from the get-go, but I still need to run `xrdb -merge ~/.Xresources` to get urxvt to parse the color variables. My `~/.Xresources`:               Xft.dpi: 96     Xft.lcdfiler: lcddefault     Xft.antialias: true     Xft.hinting: true     Xft.hintstyle: hintfull          URxvt.font: xft:Dejavu Sans Mono:size=11:antialias=true:hinting=true          URxvt*scrollBar: true     URxvt*scrollBar_right: true     URxvt*scrollstyle: plain          URxvt.urgentOnBell: true          ! From https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=164108     URxvt.intensityStyles: false          ! From https://raw.github.com/solarized/xresources/master/solarized     ! Solarized color scheme for the X Window System     !     ! http://ethanschoonover.com/solarized               ! Common          #define S_yellow        #b58900     #define S_orange        #cb4b16     #define S_red           #dc322f     #define S_magenta       #d33682     #define S_violet        #6c71c4     #define S_blue          #268bd2     #define S_cyan          #2aa198     #define S_green         #859900               ! Dark          #define S_base03        #002b36     #define S_base02        #073642     #define S_base01        #586e75     #define S_base00        #657b83     #define S_base0         #839496     #define S_base1         #93a1a1     #define S_base2         #eee8d5     #define S_base3         #fdf6e3               ! Light          ! #define S_base03        #fdf6e3     ! #define S_base02        #eee8d5     ! #define S_base01        #93a1a1     ! #define S_base00        #839496     ! #define S_base0         #657b83     ! #define S_base1         #586e75     ! #define S_base2         #073642     ! #define S_base3         #002b36               ! To only apply colors to your terminal, for example, prefix     ! the color assignment statement with its name. Example:     !     ! URxvt*background:            S_base03          *background:              S_base03     *foreground:              S_base0     *fading:                  40     *fadeColor:               S_base03     *cursorColor:             S_base1     *pointerColorBackground:  S_base01     *pointerColorForeground:  S_base1          *color0:                  S_base02     *color1:                  S_red     *color2:                  S_green     *color3:                  S_yellow     *color4:                  S_blue     *color5:                  S_magenta     *color6:                  S_cyan     *color7:                  S_base2     *color8:                  S_base03     *color9:                  S_orange     *color10:                 S_base01     *color11:                 S_base00     *color12:                 S_base0     *color13:                 S_violet     *color14:                 S_base1     *color15:                 S_base3


Update manager updated without prompting for a password

As far as I'm aware, I'm supposed to be prompted for a password before anything installs, but just now, I told update manager to install updates, and it proceeded to installing them without prompting me for a password. This happened right after I logged on, so I wasn't prompted for my password beforehand for anything else either. Is this normal and would it pose any kind of security risk?


How to add/replace only modified/updated files recursively for some 2 folders?

So I currently do stuff like:               rm -rf ../../../$CLOUD_INSTALL_SUBDIR/lib_boost     mkdir ../../../$CLOUD_INSTALL_SUBDIR/lib_boost     cp -r ../../../$BOOST_ROOT_DIR/$BOOST_INSTALL_SUBDIR/lib/* ../../../$CLOUD_INSTALL_SUBDIR/lib_boost/      Which sucks... So I wonder how to update/remove/add only updated files between 2 folders (in demo we have the folder with the latest stuff `../../../$BOOST_ROOT_DIR/$BOOST_INSTALL_SUBDIR/lib/` and a folder with stuff that may be outdated `../../../$CLOUD_INSTALL_SUBDIR/lib_boost`)?


Signing/Checksumming the kernel to prevent/detect manipulation

All my partitions are encrypted (`/` and `/home`), but the `/boot` partition has to remain unencrypted and is open for manipulation. I was thinking about hashing the kernel on bootup and checking the result against a stored value (generated on compile, saved on my encrypted drive) to see if someone, somehow manipulated the kernel since the last boot (maybe even physically). Is there a problem with writing such a script? Are there programs that do this already?


How to display a (zenity/GUI) dialog to the user after a root cron task has completed

I have a simple periodic cron task that must run as root. I want to use Zenity (or similar) to display a GUI informational dialog to user 1000 (or logged in user or all users) when the cron task finishes. I'm looking for a simple, easy, quick solution. I'll adapt to the requirements of such a simple solution. Here's where I am so far. My bash script works fine if run manually, but when Anacron runs it, nothing happens and I see `Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display` in the logs. I hoped it would display my dialog to the user after being run by cron. I realize (after reading related questions) that cron needs to be decoupled from the GUI. If user 1000 is not logged in, I could take one of several options:   1. do nothing (possibly acceptable because I want to keep it simple)   2. display the dialog with completion message to the user when they log in next time (best)   3. display some other type of notification (NOTE: the computer is a desktop system without a mail server installed) I found these related questions: x11 - Anacron job complains "Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display" - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange Anacron job complains "Gtk- WARNING **: cannot open display" shell - How to pass data outside process for zenity progress? - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange How to pass data outside process for zenity progress? Example Code (from other question which is essentially the same as mine):               #!/bin/bash     # Backs up the local filesystem on the external HDD          sleep 60          DISPLAY=:0.0          zenity --question --text "Do you want to backup? Be sure to turn on the HDD."     if [ $? -ne 0 ]         then exit 1     fi          *Do backup stuff here*      Error:               (zenity:9917): Gtk-WARNING **: cannot open display:      run-parts: /etc/cron.daily/backup-on-external exited with return code 1      (I'm running Kubuntu, so a KDE solution would be even better than Zenity, but I already installed Zenity, so I can keep using it.)


How can I setup mail server with ipv6, pam and db?

I'm looking for solution for a specific problem: I want to setup a good and secure mail server but I need ipv4 + ipv6, some kind of autouser mapping (if I add new user to machine, system should automatically create a mailbox for added user with the same credentials which user uses for ssh) and ability to create custom mailbox (maybe stored in MySQL somehow) without having to add user do machine (test@mydomain.com). Also ability to use clients like Thunderbird via POP and SMTP (optionally additionally IMAP) is crucial. Any suggestions which approach/system should I use? Links are more than welcome. Much appreciated.


How to install MySql on Red Hat 6.1?

I am trying to install `MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686.rpm` on a Red Hat Enterprise 6.1 server. I receive the following error:               rpm -Uvh MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686.rpm     error: Failed dependencies:             libaio.so.1 is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6 is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1.2) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1.3) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.10) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.3) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3.3) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3.4) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.4) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.7) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.8) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libcrypt.so.1 is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libcrypt.so.1(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libdl.so.2 is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libdl.so.2(GLIBC_2.1) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libgcc_s.so.1 is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libgcc_s.so.1(GCC_3.0) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libgcc_s.so.1(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libm.so.6 is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libm.so.6(GLIBC_2.1) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libpthread.so.0 is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.1) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.2) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.3.2) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             librt.so.1 is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             librt.so.1(GLIBC_2.2) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libstdc++.so.6 is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libstdc++.so.6(CXXABI_1.3) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686             libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.11) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.12-1.el6.i686      I recognize that these are programs I need to install. My question is where should I look to download these programs to install or should I just look for an older version of MySQL? **EDIT** : In the end it was actually a system architecture problem. System architecture should always be kept in mind when installing components in linux. I was using a i686 rpm when it was a x86_x64 system


FreeBSD or PC-BSD?

After years of Linux I would like to give *BSD a try, but I'm uncertain if I should use FreeBSD or PC-BSD. With KDE out-of-the-box and graphical package-manager and such, PC-BSD strikes me as simple to set-up and use. On the other hand, more people uses FreeBSD and it seems to be better documented, so it sets the standard. I'm leaning towards FreeBSD, but would still like something similar to GUI-goodness from PC-BSD. So my question, can FreeBSD be set-up to work similar to PC-BSD? With KDE, GUI log-in prompt and GUI managing tools? Is it difficult, or just a matter of making the relevant packages from the port-tree? Would it perhaps even be possible to install PC-BSD packages directly on FreeBSD?


What is the difference between ls and l?

I accidentally typed `l` instead of `ls` today and found that the command still printed a list of the files in my current directory. Trying `l --help` brings up the help file for `ls` suggesting that `l` is just an alias of `ls`. Howver, each file was suffixed by a `*`. Why is this and what does it mean? In case it makes a difference, this is when running the latest stable version of Ubuntu.


Create iso image of ext3 type

I want to create an ISO image which can be mounted with an ext3 partition type. How can I do that? I am using this command:               [root@manage upload]# dd if=testParti.txt of=./diskImage.iso     41+1 records in     41+1 records out      And then when I try to mount that using the following command:               /bin/mount -o loop -t ext3 diskImage.iso /tmp/upgrade      I get this error:               mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop0,            or too many mounted file systems            (aren't you trying to mount an extended partition,            instead of some logical partition inside?)


How to remove KDE and XFCE applications from GNOME menu?

I am new to Linux. I installed `kubuntu-desktop` and `xubuntu-desktop` over the default Ubuntu 10.10.   I want to unclutter the menu, so that applications related to a particular desktop appear in menu only during their respective sessions. (i.e., No KDE and XFCE apps in menu during Ubuntu GNOME session. Similarly in KDE and XFCE sessions.) How can this be done via command line? (I want to learn things the command- line way.)   Should I backup anything before I do this? Extra Information:   I googled and found this and other solutions in forums, but these address only the KDE on GNOME scenario. Perhaps this can be modified to include XFCE as well, but since I am a newbie, I couldn't figure out how to do it. I have also cross-posted at askubuntu. Gracias! Thanks!


Booting the already installed Windows from the VirtualBox installed in Ubuntu

I want to boot the Windows which is installed in laptop's internal harddisk(/dev/sda1) from the VirtualBox installed in my Ubuntu. Can somebody tell me how to do this in VirtualBox.


Reason for ksh obsoleting -eq

The latest version of ksh obsoletes using `-eq` within `[[ ]]` blocks, prefering `(( ))` instead. Why is this? I can't find any documentation on the advantages of `(( ))` over `[[ ]]` anywhere, and I find that syntax considerably more obvious. For example:               #!/bin/ksh     var=1     if [[ $var -eq 1 ]]     then       echo ALPHA     fi      gives               [adam@hendrix test]$ ksh -n test.sh     test.sh: warning: line 3: -eq within [[...]] obsolete, use ((...))


Tool to create recipe to preseed partitioning

I want to preseed an Ubuntu 12.04 installer using a custom partitioning recipe. My disk layout is reasonably complex, and so is the recipe syntax itself. Hand-crafting such a recipe seems tedious and error prone. Is there a tool to simply create a recipe from an existing disk, including its partitions and LVM configuration?


bring up ubuntu desktop x11 forwarding

I've been using rhel for a few years and when I want to bring up the desktop over x11, I use gnome-session. I'm new to Ubuntu and I was wondering what the equivalent of gnome-session was for Ubuntu?   I thought it was called Unity but when I try that it brings up the desktop with the same wallpaper but I can't see the sidebar or the menubar.   Right click menu seems to work though. I'm using ubuntu 12.10, with everything default. The one thing I'm not sure about is...   That machine is hooked up to a hi res monitor, so when I am remoting in over x11 I wonder if I'm just seeing a part of the desktop.


Installing new kernel (by commandline) as side of old kernel and effective configuration of ' menuconfig'

I need to install another kernel (2.6.34) into my fedora machine (x86) and i need to show the old and new boot up options in the boot menu (both new and old kernel) I have downloaded the new kernel and i need to compile it and need to build it. can you explain me the steps for doing that? I got the correct steps from this discussion and am having doubts in the steps 6 and 7 in the below link which explains the installation of new kernel. http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/compiling-linux-kernel-26.html Also can you explain the effective configuration of 'menuconfig' and its what it actually aims?


priv_sock_get_cmd error with vsftpd

I've installed `vsftpd` on my local system. When trying to connect to it using filezilla I get following error:               Status: Connection established, waiting for welcome message...     Response:   500 OOPS: priv_sock_get_cmd     Error:  Critical error     Error:  Could not connect to server


What does ${3#?} do?

I have a script with the following variable assignment:               TEST_VARIABLE=${3#?}      What does the `${3#?}` do?


Resources System V vs BSD

I'm searching for some detailed resources about the differences of System V and BSD concepts. For example:   * Interprocess Communication   * Sockets vs TLI   * ... Some sort of pro/cons discussion with historical background would be really nice. Any ideas?


Using cp, what is the difference between copying to DEST and DIRECTORY?

In the man page for `cp`, what is the difference between copying to DEST and DIRECTORY? `cp` copies a SOURCE to a DEST and SOURCES to a DIRECTORY.                  SYNOPSIS             cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST        cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY


Pamd not mounting ecryptfs disk anymore since upgrade

I have encrypted my home disk a long time ago and I configured pam to mount it automatically on login. However after update to version 1.1.5-3 pam is not mounting the disk anymore. Here are the logs :               PAM adding faulty module: /usr/lib/security/pam_ecryptfs.so     pam_unix(login:session): session closed for user ben     PAM unable to dlopen(/usr/lib/security/pam_ecryptfs.so): /usr/lib/security/pam_ecryptfs.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory      Seems like the pam-ecryptfs library has been removed. How can I fix this?


Preseeding Ubuntu 10.04

I need to preseed a dual boot installation of Ubuntu 10.04. I want partman to use all already existing Linux partitions and all free space (like the option when installing Fedora) what would that recipe look like?


Streaming to an Apple TV (3) from Linux

Alright, here is the setup:   * One apple tv 3 in the living room, connected to the network (wired).   * One pc running Linux (Arch Linux x64, AMD), containing all music, movies and series (wired). Now I know that the atv can stream music and stuff shared from a windows/mac using iTunes and home sharing. The box containing the files is however running Linux. I've tried to setup forked-daapd, which is recognized as a server by all iTunes instances in house, but not by the atv. I've read that this is due to forked-daapd supporting DAAP, but not home sharing. I've also tried several other DAAP servers for Linux:   * mt-daapd (the predecessor of forked-daapd), same story as with forked-daapd.   * tangerine. Was recognized by iTunes, but didn't offer any media. Not sure whether the atv saw it, but I don't think so.   * spydaap. This didn't work with the latest version of iTunes, which seems to be a known issue I've also attempted to install the horror that is called iTunes on my pc running Linux, but that failed. It installed, gave a bunch of errors, starts, and does absolutely nothing. It's just a blank screen. Now I know that normally such a setup would be possible by jailbreaking the atv, and installing XBMC on it. However, the atv3 is not yet jailbreakable, so unfortunately this is not an option for me. Now my question is, what options do I have. Are there ways to make the atv recognize forked-daapd that I missed, or are there alternatives to forked- daapd that work with the atv? Is there an way to make iTunes run on my system? Is there any other way to stream the media on my Linux PC to the atv?


KUbuntu 10.04 / Dolphin File Manager: Is there a way to make .desktop files display the filename the same as the NAME= in the metadata?

As shown in the below screenshot, if I have a Folder Widget setup to point to the Desktop "place", the .desktop files appear with the filename of the Name= value in the file. ![filename of the Name= value](http://i.stack.imgur.com/P13gv.png) However, if I browse to this folder in Dolphin / make the Folder Widget point to the absolute path to the desktop / Click "Open in Dolphin" in the context menu of the Folder Widget pointing to the absolute path to the desktop, I get the real filename of the .desktop file: ![real filename](http://i.stack.imgur.com/eVGm5.png) Is this a changeable setting, or hard-coded?


VirtualBox networking host-only: Linux host XP Guest

I'm having trouble connecting XP ( Guest system on VBOX ) to Debian Testing (host). The version VirtualBox 4.1.12 Relevant parts of the output of commands. ### ifconfig on debian:               eth0         inet addr:192.168.158.5  Bcast:192.168.158.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          vboxnet0       inet addr:192.168.158.199  Bcast:192.168.158.255  Mask:255.255.255.0      ### ipconfig on XP:               IP Address 192.163.158.200      Subnet mask 255.255.0.0      `File->Preferences->Network->edit vboxnet0` yields the following dialogs:               Host-Only network Details      Adaptor:       Ipv4 Address:192.168.158.199       Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0               DHCP Server       Server Address: 192.168.158.198       Server Mask:255.255.255.0       Lower Address Bound: 192.168.158.200       Upper Address Bound:192.168.158.254      I cannot ping either machine from the other. Any idea what the problem is?


How can I open a window on a different monitor?

With multiple monitors, I have so far been dragging windows manually around. Is there a way to make a window open on a specific screen in a dual-head setup? (Not to be confused with multiple X server displays.) Something like: `SCREEN=2 firefox` or `open-in-screen 2 firefox`. If it matters, my environment is KDE using the KWin window manager. KWin window rules can only match some properties like title, but I could not find an environment variable as filter. The secondary display extends the primary screen:               $ xrandr -q     Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3520 x 1080, maximum 32767 x 32767     LVDS1 connected 1600x900+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 382mm x 214mm        1600x900       60.1*+        1024x768       60.0          800x600        60.3     56.2          640x480        59.9       VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)     HDMI1 connected 1920x1080+1600+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 477mm x 268mm        1920x1080      60.0*    50.0     59.9          1920x1080i     60.1     50.0     60.0          1680x1050      59.9          1280x1024      75.0     60.0          1440x900       59.9          1280x960       60.0          1280x720       60.0     50.0     59.9          1024x768       75.1     70.1     60.0          832x624        74.6          800x600        72.2     75.0     60.3     56.2          720x576        50.0          720x480        60.0     59.9          640x480        75.0     72.8     66.7     60.0     59.9          720x400        70.1       DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)


Any way for Unix to ignore lpoptions and let Java do it's job?

I'm using the javax.print API to print a Jasper Report on Debian Linux. For some reason the saved lpoptions (CUPS settings) always override settings chosen on the Java Print dialog. At this point the only way I am getting around this problem is to delete the .lpoptions file in the user's directory. This doesn't appear like something I can control with Java so is there a way to keep the Unix CUPS settings from overriding the print settings?


Shrink Windows partition to install Fedora 20

I want to install Fedora 20 along already installed Windows 8.1 on my notebook. I found a good how-to on Techotopia, however, the installer for Fedora 20 looks completely different, is simpler ( _cough_ more _cough_ stupid _cough_ ), and doesn't offer the partition shrink. So I'm looking for a best way how to do it **without destroying my Windows** (since they came with the notebook and I can't re-install). I think that once I manage to shrink the partition and create enough empty space on the disk, the Fedora installer will be happy, but I don't know how to do it.


How to log the output of a daemon application?

I have a Java program running as a daemon (thanks to YAJSW, a wrapper for java). The thing is that this java application writes several lines of console text, (simply imagine a Hello World App). If I run it from the console of course I can read those lines. But when it runs as a daemon, where do those lines of text go?


View Files from mirrored RAID outside the device

The Product I have is a Western Digital My Book The device has stopped working but there is nothing wrong with either of the two mirrored drives. I would like to take out the two mirrored hard drives, and recover the data if at all possible. How would I go about this on ubuntu 11.10? Both of the drives are recognized but I can not see the data anywhere. The relevant software I have on the system are: **Disk Utility** and a terminal application called **mdadm**. I am trying to be cautious and not accidentally wipe the data. Any help will be much appreciated.


Strange directory name, shown with a backslash

I have copied and pasted a directory of files into another. The result is now this one `development\ /` I do not know what that means? Linux does not even recognize it as a directory now. Also the owner of this directory is wrong. But when I try to do this `chown -R zugul /development`, the result is: `chown: impossibile accedere a`/development': No such file or directory` Looks like something went wrong when I have pasted the copied directory. How can I fix this issue?


Could not bind socket: Permission denied when trying to start NDOUtils using UNIX socket

I followed these directions to a tee: http://shah- oss.blogspot.com/2010/12/ndoutils-installation-on-centos-for.html Everything was going well until I actually tried to run this command (there is a typo in the article, I've corrected it here):               /usr/local/nagios/bin/ndo2db -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg      My results:               # /usr/local/nagios/bin/ndo2db -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg      Could not bind socket: Permission denied      I'm running this command as root already. I chose to use the UNIX socket rather than TCP. The Nagios log shows the following after a fresh reboot but nothing if I try to run that command manually.               [1371152186] ndomod: NDOMOD 1.5.2 (06-08-2012) Copyright (c) 2009 Nagios Core Development Team and Community Contributors     [1371152186] ndomod: Could not open data sink!  I'll keep trying, but some output may get lost...     [1371152186] Event broker module '/usr/local/nagios/bin/ndomod.o' initialized successfully.      Looking at the process tree, I see no "ndo" process of any kind running. Looking at netstat, I see this:               unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     841374 /var/run/saslauthd/mux     unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     840356 @/com/ubuntu/upstart     unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    840610 @/org/kernel/udev/udevd     unix  10     [ ]         DGRAM                    841162 /dev/log     unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     841337 /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock     unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    857504      unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    847472      unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    841625      unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    841584      unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    841534      unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    841517      unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    841373      unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    841212      unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    840614      unix  3      [ ]         DGRAM                    840613       I tried to enable debugging for this utilility:               debug_level=-1     debug_verbosity=1     debug_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndo2db.debug     max_debug_file_size=1000000      But nothing is written to /usr/local/nagios/var/ndo2db.debug


LAN only VNC help

**GOAL:** I have 2 computers in a LAN environment (I will refer to them as [computer A] and [computer B]) and I want to log into [computer B] via [computer A]. I have a VNC client on [computer A] `Remote Desktop Viewer` and I have setup `Desktop Sharing Preferences` on [computer B], see screenshots below. The LAN IP address of [computer A] is 192.168.0.1 and the LAN IP address of [computer B] is 192.168.0.2. Both computers have no problem pinging to each other! * * * **QUESTION:** My question is, how do I connect to [computer B] from [computer A]? * * * **ERROR MESSAGE:** I am currently getting the following error message when I try to connect:               connection to 192.168.0.2 was closed      192.168.0.2 is the IP address of [computer B]. * * * **PORTS / FIREWALL:** I can't see the port 5900 listed when I run `sudo lsof -i -P | grep -i listen`. I don't have a firewall installed either. I've now installed Gufw on both [computer A] and [computer B]. I am not sure how to configure it. Do I set it up to allow incoming connections for vnc on [computer B] and allow outgoing connections for vnc on [computer A]? * * * **OTHER INFO:**               Computer A = 192.168.0.1 = Ubuntu 12.04     Computer B = 192.168.0.2 = Debian Stable      Both are fully updated * * * **IPTABLES (same on server and client):**               Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)     target - prot opt source - destination          Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)     target - prot opt source - destination          Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)     target - prot opt source - destination      * * * **LISTENING PORTS**               sudo lsof -i -P | grep -i listen     rpcbind   1853        root    8u  IPv4   5755      0t0  TCP *:111 (LISTEN)     rpcbind   1853        root   11u  IPv6   5762      0t0  TCP *:111 (LISTEN)     rpc.statd 1884       statd    8u  IPv4   5818      0t0  TCP *:56428 (LISTEN)     rpc.statd 1884       statd   10u  IPv6   5826      0t0  TCP *:39576 (LISTEN)     cupsd     2615        root    6u  IPv6  17952      0t0  TCP localhost:631 (LISTEN)     cupsd     2615        root    8u  IPv4  17953      0t0  TCP localhost:631 (LISTEN)     mysqld    3042       mysql   10u  IPv4   7466      0t0  TCP localhost:3306 (LISTEN)     exim4     3855 Debian-exim    3u  IPv4   8075      0t0  TCP localhost:25 (LISTEN)      * * * **SCREENSHOTS:** This is the client software I have on [computer A]: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/sMtMm.png) This is the software (server software I guess) I have on [computer B]: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/n1mFa.png)


How to access user's fpath as opposed to system's fpath with a script?

test.zsh:               #!/usr/bin/env zsh                                                                                for f in ${fpath}; do         echo ${f}     done      outputs:               /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Calendar     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/AIX     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/BSD     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Base     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Cygwin     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Darwin     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Debian     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Linux     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Mandriva     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Redhat     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Solaris     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Unix     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/X     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Zsh     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Exceptions     /usr/share/zsh/functions/MIME     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Misc     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Newuser     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Prompts     /usr/share/zsh/functions/TCP     /usr/share/zsh/functions/VCS_Info     /usr/share/zsh/functions/VCS_Info/Backends     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Zftp     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Zle      While the command line output has a few extra entries:               ╭─ting@core ~/code/autojump  ‹install-zsh-local*›     ╰─➤  echo $fpath            /home/ting/code/oh-my-zsh/plugins/git     /home/ting/code/oh-my-zsh/functions     /home/ting/code/oh-my-zsh/completions     /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Calendar     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/AIX     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/BSD     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Base     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Cygwin     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Darwin     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Debian     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Linux     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Mandriva     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Redhat     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Solaris     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Unix     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/X     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Completion/Zsh     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Exceptions     /usr/share/zsh/functions/MIME     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Misc     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Newuser     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Prompts     /usr/share/zsh/functions/TCP     /usr/share/zsh/functions/VCS_Info     /usr/share/zsh/functions/VCS_Info/Backends     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Zftp     /usr/share/zsh/functions/Zle      How can I get the script to access the user's fpath as opposed to the system's?


Recover data from raid 1 when both drives are faulty

I had a RAID 1 on my server, and apparently both of hard drives have failed at the same time. Server support did a quick check to confirm that               HDDTEST-W1F21M6K    ERROR   Finished (Selftest, Device: sda);      HDDTEST-W1F22Y9M    ERROR   Finished (Values-Check, Device: sdb);          However, there still seems to be a partition table on sdb.     Your server is currently booted into our rescue system. Please try      to backup your data if possible and contact us again if      you wish to proceed with a hard drive replacement.      I'm able to boot the system from other drive and see the following structure               cat /proc/mdstat     Personalities : [raid1]      md3 : active raid1 sdb4[1]          1822442815 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]          md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1]       1073740664 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]          md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1]       524276 blocks super 1.2 [1/1] [U]          md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1]       33553336 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]      What I need is to be able recover some important data from the `/dev/md2` partition. I'm trying to mount md2 and getting the following:               mount /dev/md2 /mnt          mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md2,        missing codepage or helper program, or other error        In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try        dmesg | tail  or so      Any ideas how to fix this? _Update 1_ Some more data               mdadm -E /dev/sdb3     /dev/sdb3:           Magic : a92b4efc         Version : 1.2     Feature Map : 0x0      Array UUID : 39c5b7f5:c3bed499:e383ce7f:0868fc3e            Name : rescue:2  (local to host rescue)     Creation Time : Wed Feb  6 07:23:32 2013      Raid Level : raid1      Raid Devices : 2          Avail Dev Size : 2147481600 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)      Array Size : 1073740664 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)     Used Dev Size : 2147481328 (1024.00 GiB 1099.51 GB)     Data Offset : 2048 sectors      Super Offset : 8 sectors           State : clean     Device UUID : 3d68ec1a:3b125641:fa4b1d34:c829f017          Update Time : Wed Aug  6 13:21:28 2014        Checksum : dad4eccc - correct          Events : 18773099                Device Role : Active device 0      Array State : A. ('A' == active, '.' == missing)      _Update 2_ Volumes available               ls /dev/sd     sda   sdb   sdb1  sdb2  sdb3  sdb4  sdb5            mdadm -E /dev/sda     mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sda.      dmesg output after mount /dev/md2 /mnt attepmt               [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x600fffff SErr 0x0 action 0x0     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] ata2.00: irq_stat 0x40000008     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] ata2.00: cmd 60/08:e8:70:3b:d4/00:00:43:00:00/40 tag 29 ncq 4096 in     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014]          res 41/40:08:70:3b:d4/00:00:43:00:00/00 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] ata2.00: configured for UDMA/133     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb]       [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb]       [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor]     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex):     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014]         72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00      [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014]         43 d4 3b 70      [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb]       [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB:      [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] Read(16): 88 00 00 00 00 00 43 d4 3b 70 00 00 00 08 00 00     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 1137982320     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:12 2014] ata2: EH complete     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:15 2014] JBD2: Failed to read block at offset 1134     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:15 2014] JBD2: IO error -5 recovering block 1134 in log     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:16 2014] JBD2: recovery failed     [Wed Aug  6 16:11:16 2014] EXT4-fs (md2): error loading journal      _Update 3_ for sdb               smartctl -d ata -A /dev/sdb     smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.14.10] (local build)     Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net          === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===     SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10     Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:     ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE       1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   101   099   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       216425892       3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   095   095   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0       4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       6       5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   092   092   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       10928       7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   081   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       149168536       9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   085   085   000    Old_age   Always       -       13145      10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0      12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   020    Old_age   Always       -       6     183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1     184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0     187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   064   064   000    Old_age   Always       -       36     188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       12885098499     189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0     190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   067   052   045    Old_age   Always       -       33 (Min/Max 26/36)     191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0     192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4     193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   092   092   000    Old_age   Always       -       17084     194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   033   048   000    Old_age   Always       -       33 (0 22 0 0)     197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   097   097   000    Old_age   Always       -       504     198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   097   097   000    Old_age   Offline      -       504     199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0     240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       128896263532923     241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       10152724077     242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       40689314539      and for sda               smartctl -d ata -A /dev/sda     smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.14.10] (local build)     Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net          Error SMART Values Read failed: Input/output error     Smartctl: SMART Read Values failed.          === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===


Matching values within columns

I have tab-delimited text file containing about more than 1500 rows. input.txt               id   sno1        EN1  Nucus_2158_mri_1/2_Co_1.0_Le_3104     EN2  Nucus_2158_mri_4/2_Co_1.0_Le_3104     EN3  Nucus_2158_mri_1/2_Co_1.0_Le_3104     EN4  Nucus_2158_mri_1/2_Co_1.0_Le_3106     EN5  Nucus_2158_mri_1/2_Co_1.0_Le_3104     EN6  Nucus_2159_mri_1/2_Co_1.0_Le_3104      I want to get exact match within column (sno1) by capturing bracketed values (`Nucus_{2158}_mri_{1/2}_Co_1.0_Le_{3104}`) and print their matching ids list. Any help in awk/sed appreciated. output.txt               Nucus_2158_mri_1/2_Co_1.0_Le_3104 EN1,EN3,EN5


CUPS and printer security

I would like some help on securing a networked printer. Specifically, I'm interested in the following: 1) Preventing unauthorized access to the printer: I would like only certain laptops that connect to the printer's network over Wi-Fi to be able to print but I would definitely want to prevent guest laptops from printing. 2) Have some sort of accounting enabled whereby I can figure out who (read: which machine) printed/scanned/copied how many pages. Is there a generic solution for this under *nix or does it depend on the printer?


`cron` service and `at` command

Help to understand: is there any relation between `cron` and `at` command. Actually if I stop the `cron` services in SUSE by running following command:               /etc/init.d/cron stop      after above, if I run `at` command with `at` work?   example:               at -f /u01/script1.sh now


Not able to see the progression of a file with "tail -f"!

It's a surprise why now this command isn't working which earlier was. See I've the below command to run for backup.               ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo tar -cvf /media/ubuntu/My*Linux/ub*data/zebra.tar /media/ubuntu/home > z1 2> z2 && echo "pass" || echo "fail"      To see the output & error, there are those 2 files z1 & z2. Now why the below isn't working. I want to see the output of the command on a terminal from file z1.               ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ tail -f z1      This command is not showing the data that's getting appended with time. What's wrong here. I'm working on live install of Ubuntu 14.04.1 using usb pen drive. Can this be the reason!!!


Change color balance on Intel Graphics

My laptop has some screen or cable problem, because of which the screen is all pink colour. In Windows I use my Graphic Card configuration software to change the screen colours mixing colour channels and hence changing the screen colour to a very normal colour that I can work on. ![Graphic card driver software I use on Windows](http://i.stack.imgur.com/uq1JX.png) Now is there a similar software that I can use on linux. I am now on linux and trying out different linux. Now I am using Mint. Can I find A software that I can use Like the one on windows.


Gnome3 memory comsuption high

I recently installed ArchLinux on my desktop. I simply installed the base system and installed GNOME and GDM and the system work "fine". However today (after 10 hours) when I tried to open any application the system now tells me that it can't do it because the memory is full.


xfreerdp keeps disconnecting

I'm logging into an rdp environment using Linux. Everything works fine if the session is constantly in use. However, if the user walks away from his/her desk, and comes back say 5 minutes later, the session has automatically closed, and the user has to connect again. Anyway to stop this from happening? * * * The terminal shows the following message when the session is closed:               rpc_client_on_fragment_receiving_event: Receiving Out-of_sequence RTS PDU     Network disconenct!     Failed to check FreeRDP file descriptor


Terminator doesn't open new window

Terminator 0.95 (running on Debian stable under Gnome) has shortcuts for "Spawn a new Terminator process" and "Create a new window". However, when I set them (to several different options, in case there is a conflict) and try to use, instead of a new window I get a lightbulb in the header of the current tab. There are no error messages in the terminal I am running Terminator from, but looking again at keybindings, the shortcuts become disabled. Trying to use the shortcut without closing the preferences window didn't work either. What does it mean and how can I avoid it?


How to properly lock desktop when hibernating?

If I lock the screen, hibernate by closing the laptop lid, open the laptop lid and press the power button, the screen will just show a black surface and I can start typing the password immediately. If I _don't_ lock the screen before hibernating, wait about 30s, open the laptop lid and press the power button, the screen will show the desktop and then fade to black as if `xscreensaver` had been activated _after exiting_ hibernation. Only after the fadeout can I deactivate the screensaver. How can I make sure `xscreensaver` is always properly activated when hibernating, so that I won't have to wait for the fadeout?


My Centos Server cannot resolve the DNS host name

My Server OS: Centos 6.3 x64. The server `iptables` is:               *filter     :INPUT DROP [0:0]     :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]     :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]     -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT      -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT      COMMIT      But I get neither a response issuing               ping www.google.com      OR               curl -I http://www.google.com      from the server. Both receive no response! How to modify my `iptables` rules?


Not able to access my local machine from remote server; what's my local IP address?

This is where I spent much time to know why I'm unable to connect to my local box from my own remote server (VPS); seems to be my local box's IP address issue. To begin with, let me 1st tell how I operate in Internet. I connect my laptop with my cellphone Nokia N73 having Vodafone sim card. This way (dial- up) my laptop is connected to Internet. Regarding the remote server (VPS), I purchased it from http://lvpshosting.com/ They provide 100 Mb/s net speed. I have remote's IP address. I ssh it and connect. Now, to connect from there to my local, I need my local IP add. So, checked my IP executing `ifconfig` on my local box. Please see the output below:               ravbholua@ravbholua-Aspire-5315:~$ ifconfig     eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:1b:38:d0:45:ea                 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000                RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)               Interrupt:18           lo        Link encap:Local Loopback                 inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0               inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host               UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1               RX packets:493 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:493 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:0                RX bytes:85372 (85.3 KB)  TX bytes:85372 (85.3 KB)          ppp0      Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol                 inet addr:10.224.108.37  P-t-P:10.6.6.6  Mask:255.255.255.255               UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1               RX packets:4848 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0               TX packets:5375 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0               collisions:0 txqueuelen:3                RX bytes:2352345 (2.3 MB)  TX bytes:698847 (698.8 KB)          ravbholua@ravbholua-Aspire-5315:~$      From here, I suppose it to be 10.224.108.37 But when using this from remote, it doesn't work to connect to my local box. I have tried using the following for my local IP address. http://www.ipchicken.com/ http://whatismyip.org/ These 2 links gave IP address but none worked. As someone told that the address given by these 2 links are of my cell phone and not of my laptop. Also when I connect to my remote from local via `ssh`, then when I log in to my remote, the remote server messages as seen below:               ravbholua@ravbholua-Aspire-5315:~$ ssh  rs     ravbholua@rs's password:      Welcome to Ubuntu 13.04 (GNU/Linux 2.6.32-042stab076.5 i686)           * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/          No mail.     Last login: Tue Sep 10 08:04:49 2013 from 123.63.112.140     ravbholua@ravi:~$      This IP address as mentioned above is similar to what I get from the 2 links above. (and is not the one given by command `ifconfig` .) So, one told me that the remote server displays the IP of the cell phone which is acting as a router and your local machine is not reachable. But I couldn't get any further solution on how my local box would be reached. Please have a note here that I had posted this query on a different site (mentioned below) but couldn't get solution. It would be very useful if one please have a look at that thread of mine in that forum: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-networking-3/not-able-to-do- password-free-access-to-remote-machine-4175475825/ Much of my other related tasks are pending due to this issue. I am too hopeful from this site as a few other earlier unsolved queries of mine got solved in this site.


Authconfig contiously rewriting the /etc/sysconfig/authconfig file, messing up Puppet run

I have been using this LDAP module for a long time in my Puppet environment. The module uploads these files to the RHEL-servers:               /etc/openldap/openldap.conf     /etc/pam_ldap.conf     /etc/nsswitch.conf     /etc/sssd/sssd.conf     /etc/sysconfig/authconfig     /etc/sudo-ldap.conf     /etc/openldap/cacerts/cacert.pem      After running this, it will run `authconfig --updateall` and the LDAP will start working. This worked perfectly fine on the RH6.2-servers we have, but RH6.4 gives an issue, while the only difference is an additional `FORCELEGACY=YES line`. What can I do about this behaviour? The logical thing seemed to upload the `/etc/sysconfig/authconfig` file generated by /sbin/authconfig to the Puppetmaster, but it keeps rewriting the `/etc/sysconfig/authconfig` and all it does it change the order:               [root@rhel-server ~]# puppet agent --test     Info: Retrieving plugin     Info: Loading facts in /var/lib/puppet/lib/facter/extra_info.rb     Info: Caching catalog for rhel-server.domain.local     Info: Applying configuration version '1379669638'     Notice: /File[/etc/sysconfig/authconfig]/content:      --- /etc/sysconfig/authconfig   2013-09-20 13:18:24.165303819 +0200     +++ /tmp/puppet-file20130920-17419-lgtzfu-0 2013-09-20 13:44:05.388741384 +0200     @@ -5,22 +5,22 @@      USESSSDAUTH=no      USESHADOW=yes      USEWINBIND=no     +USESSSD=no      USEDB=no      FORCELEGACY=yes      USEFPRINTD=yes     -USEHESIOD=no      FORCESMARTCARD=no     -PASSWDALGORITHM=md5      USELDAPAUTH=yes     +USEPASSWDQC=no      IPAV2NONTP=no     -USELDAP=yes     +USELOCAUTHORIZE=yes      USECRACKLIB=yes      USEIPAV2=no      USEWINBINDAUTH=no      USESMARTCARD=no     -USELOCAUTHORIZE=yes     +USELDAP=yes      USENIS=no      USEKERBEROS=no      USESYSNETAUTH=no     -USESSSD=no     -USEPASSWDQC=no     +PASSWDALGORITHM=md5     +USEHESIOD=no          Info: FileBucket got a duplicate file {md5}b8bd9dc8120ab4be6b41ac5bb57e1192     Info: /File[/etc/sysconfig/authconfig]: Filebucketed /etc/sysconfig/authconfig to puppet with sum b8bd9dc8120ab4be6b41ac5bb57e1192     Notice: /File[/etc/sysconfig/authconfig]/content: content changed '{md5}b8bd9dc8120ab4be6b41ac5bb57e1192' to '{md5}f1cf038ce9c007f9eefe3b83fb674584'     Info: /File[/etc/sysconfig/authconfig]: Scheduling refresh of Exec[/usr/sbin/authconfig --updateall]     Notice: /Stage[main]/Ldap/Exec[/usr/sbin/authconfig --updateall]: Triggered 'refresh' from 1 events     Notice: Finished catalog run in 6.17 seconds     [root@rhel-server ~]#       So it seems no matter the order I have on the Puppetmaster for the authconfig- file, authconfig keeps rewriting it. This has in effect that every Puppet run (30 minutes) Puppet replaces the file and then authconfig changes the order in that file. How can I solve this issue?


Programs installed with depothelper dump core

Anything I install via depothelper on HP-UX 11.23 (ia64) seems to crash. I installed the packages using the following command: `/depothelper -a ia64 -c /var/tmp/mydir -o 11.23 vim` And here is what I get when I try to execute the programs:               bash-2.05b# whereis vim     whereisvim: /usr/local/bin/vim /usr/local/man/man1/vim.1 /usr/local/share/man/man1/vim.1     bash-2.05b# whereis rsync     rsync: /usr/local/bin/rsync /usr/local/share/man/man1/rsync.1     bash-2.05b# /usr/local/bin/rsync     Bus error (core dumped)     bash-2.05b# /usr/local/bin/vim     Bus error (core dumped)      The system is an RX1620 and everything else seems to work just fine on it.


ECC on a single block device

I have an SSD that I suspect failing silently now and then. I have run `badblocks` on it and it is clear that it is not bad sectors but might instead be some race condition in the electronics, in which case a retry would probably read the data correctly. Normal magnetic disks have some ECC to correct errors by taking up more space. Can Linux add an ECC layer on top of my block device? I am thinking of something similar to device mapper, so maybe:               dmsetup create-ecc /dev/orig /dev/mapper/with_ecc      so any read and write to /dev/mapper/with_ecc will be converted to an ecc- read/write on /dev/orig. Edit: It seems others have been looking for it, too: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.device-mapper.devel/8756


Difference between top and ps output

I have seen What is the difference between ps and top command? but I think my question is unrelated.   My system is Lubuntu 13.04.   I run `top` in one lxterminal window and `ps -eo %c%C --sort -%cpu | head -6` in another.   I play a YouTube video in Firefox.   Very quickly, the values for `plugin-container` in the `top` screen "stabilize" whereas the values I get by repeatedly issuing `ps -eo %c%C --sort -%cpu | head -6` rise slowly.   Similarly, when I close the Firefox tab that was playing the YouTube video, the plugin-container entry in `top` goes away promptly but it lingers on in the output of `ps -eo %c%C --sort -%cpu | head -6`, declining slowly as can be seen below:                   [04:43 PM] ~ $ ps -eo %c%C --sort -%cpu | head -6         COMMAND         %CPU         plugin-containe 21.5         firefox          4.9         Xorg             1.6         lxpanel          0.2         dropbox          0.2         [04:43 PM] ~ $ ps -eo %c%C --sort -%cpu | head -6         COMMAND         %CPU         plugin-containe 21.3         firefox          4.9         Xorg             1.6         lxpanel          0.2         dropbox          0.2         [04:43 PM] ~ $ ps -eo %c%C --sort -%cpu | head -6         COMMAND         %CPU         plugin-containe 20.9         firefox          4.9         Xorg             1.6         lxpanel          0.2         dropbox          0.2         [04:43 PM] ~ $ ps -eo %c%C --sort -%cpu | head -6         COMMAND         %CPU         plugin-containe 20.2         firefox          4.9         Xorg             1.6         lxpanel          0.2         dropbox          0.2         [04:44 PM] ~ $ ps -eo %c%C --sort -%cpu | head -6         COMMAND         %CPU         plugin-containe 20.0         firefox          4.9         Xorg             1.6         lxpanel          0.2         dropbox          0.2         [04:44 PM] ~ $ ps -eo %c%C --sort -%cpu | head -6         COMMAND         %CPU         plugin-containe 18.9         firefox          4.9         Xorg             1.6         lxpanel          0.2         dropbox          0.2         [04:44 PM] ~ $       `plugin-container` does eventually go away, but how should I modify `ps -eo %c%C --sort -%cpu | head -6` to make it go away quicker? (All this is done on a Dell 1545 Core2Duo laptop.)


How do I mount drive from one machine to another machine?

I am running two linux machines in VMWare - and would like to mount a drive from machine_1 on machine_2. Is it possible if I can ssh from one machine to another?


How to know what to enable in the kernel?

I'm a gentoo user. When compiling the kernel there are a lot of options which one may enable depending on one's hardware. My question is how to know what to enable/disable, I'm aware of the hardware I'm using (processor instruction set, number of cores, etc./ motherboard NB and SB/sata drives, etc.) but still don't have a clear idea what to do when choosing options in the kernel setup script. I've had weird issues because of this (solved after some help from #gentoo). Can someone give me some references on this topic? How do people learn to do this? P.S. Please don't tell me I should not be compiling the kernel, it's something I want to learn and also why not get some speed and better use of my hardware.


Preparing an initrd for qemu

I have compiled a bzImage but when I try to run it in qemu I get a kernel panic because I don't have an initrd file. So I create one by following the steps in this question but I cannot get it to work. What can I do?