Can't ssh to a machine

All of a sudden, I couldn't ssh to a machine to which I used to ssh earlier. Consider I am ssh-ing from A to B. Output when I run               ssh root@ip_addr_of_B      I get:               Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic).      Output when I run `ssh -vv root@ip_addr_of_B` from A               OpenSSH_5.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.0-fips 29 Mar 2010     debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config     debug1: Applying options for *     debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0     debug1: Connecting to 64.103.232.105 [64.103.232.105] port 22.     debug1: Connection established.     debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0     debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity type -1     debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN'     debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END'     debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type 1     debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1     debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3     debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH*     debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0     debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3     debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0     debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5     debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none     debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5     debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP     debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 124/256     debug2: bits set: 523/1024     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY     debug1: Host '64.103.232.105' is known and matches the RSA host key.     debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:3     debug2: bits set: 522/1024     debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct     debug2: kex_derive_keys     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent     debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received     debug2: key: /root/.ssh/identity ((nil))     debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (0x7f972bb77030)     debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic     debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex     debug1: No valid Key exchange context     debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic     debug1: An invalid name was supplied     Cannot determine realm for numeric host address          debug1: An invalid name was supplied     Cannot determine realm for numeric host address          debug1: An invalid name was supplied               debug1: An invalid name was supplied               debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug1: Next authentication method: publickey     debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/identity     debug1: Offering public key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa     debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic     debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa     debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug1: No more authentication methods to try.     Permission denied (publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic).      Below is the sshd_config file of B.               #       $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.80 2008/07/02 02:24:18 djm Exp $          # This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See     # sshd_config(5) for more information.          # This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin          # The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with     # OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where     # possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options change a     # default value.          Port 22     #AddressFamily any     #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0     #ListenAddress ::          # Disable legacy (protocol version 1) support in the server for new     # installations. In future the default will change to require explicit     # activation of protocol 1     Protocol 2          # HostKey for protocol version 1     #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key     # HostKeys for protocol version 2     #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key     #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key          # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key     #KeyRegenerationInterval 1h     #ServerKeyBits 1024          # Logging     # obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging     #SyslogFacility AUTH     SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV     #LogLevel INFO          # Authentication:          #LoginGraceTime 2m     #PermitRootLogin yes     #StrictModes yes     #MaxAuthTries 6     #MaxSessions 10          #RSAAuthentication yes     #PubkeyAuthentication yes     #AuthorizedKeysFile     .ssh/authorized_keys     #AuthorizedKeysCommand none     #AuthorizedKeysCommandRunAs nobody          # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts     #RhostsRSAAuthentication no     # similar for protocol version 2     #HostbasedAuthentication no     # Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for     # RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication     #IgnoreUserKnownHosts no     # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files     #IgnoreRhosts yes          # To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!     #PasswordAuthentication yes     #PermitEmptyPasswords no     PasswordAuthentication no          # Change to no to disable s/key passwords     #ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes     ChallengeResponseAuthentication no          # Kerberos options     #KerberosAuthentication no     #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes     #KerberosTicketCleanup yes     #KerberosGetAFSToken no     #KerberosUseKuserok yes          # GSSAPI options     #GSSAPIAuthentication no     GSSAPIAuthentication yes     #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes     GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes     #GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes     #GSSAPIKeyExchange no          # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,     # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will     # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and     # PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,     # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass     # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".     # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without     # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication     # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.     #UsePAM no     UsePAM yes          # Accept locale-related environment variables     AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES     AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT     AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE     AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS          #AllowAgentForwarding yes     #AllowTcpForwarding yes     #GatewayPorts no     #X11Forwarding no     X11Forwarding yes     #X11DisplayOffset 10     #X11UseLocalhost yes     #PrintMotd yes     #PrintLastLog yes     #TCPKeepAlive yes     #UseLogin no     #UsePrivilegeSeparation yes     #PermitUserEnvironment no     #Compression delayed     #ClientAliveInterval 0     #ClientAliveCountMax 3     #ShowPatchLevel no     #UseDNS yes     #PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid     #MaxStartups 10     #PermitTunnel no     #ChrootDirectory none          # no default banner path     #Banner none          # override default of no subsystems     Subsystem       sftp    /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server          # Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis     #Match User anoncvs     #       X11Forwarding no     #       AllowTcpForwarding no     #       ForceCommand cvs server      /var/log/secure of B contains just this one line               server sshd: connection closed by ip_addr_of_A      I can ssh from B to A. Issue happens only when I ssh from A to B. Also, I can ssh from A to any machine other than B.


Which programme calls csh.cshrc?

I understand that when a user logs into unix remotely, first a getty process is started. If authentication is successful, then etc/environement is called. However, I do not understand when is csh.cshrc and csh.login is called during this process?


Does Linux still have to reside within the first XX cylinders of a HDD?

It's been a while since I last bothered with partitioning my hard drive, but now it's time again and I remember last time I did this there was a requirement to put the root partition (or only GRUB?) not behind a certain cylinder number. Is this still the case or could I basically put Linux simply at the end of a drive?


How can I autocomplete each parameter in a different way?

I have a function called load_pg, which is defined like this:               load_pg () {         pg_restore --verbose --clean --no-acl --no-owner -h localhost -U $1 -d $2 $3     }      And I'm trying to autocomplete each parameter, with the following code:               #compdef load_pg     _arguments -s \       "1::_ldpguser" \       "2::_ldpgdb" \       "3::_ldpgfile"          _ldpguser () {       compadd $USER     }          _ldpgdb () {       compadd $(cat config/database.yml | grep -i database | awk '{print $2}')     }          _ldpgfile () {       compadd $(ls *.dump*)     }      Unfortunately, nothing happens when I press TAB. What am I doing wrong? I tried using code from the following answer


How to copy/move/delete files from the shell?

It's surely easy to do while using a graphical environment, but when I'm using the shell I have no idea on how to do that, I already tried to use `copy`, `move`, `delete`, and I discovered that these word are not existent commands on the shell.


Is there an easy way of installing madwifi drivers in Fedora 17?

Long time ago you could easily install madwifi drivers for atheros wireless cards as they were found in the livna (or RPM fusion?) repositories. Today I cannot find any guide or even mentions when googling it. Am I missing something?


cannot install locales in Debian 7 due to unmet dependencies

So instead of including the wheezy-backport in my sources.list I had the bright idea of adding jessie directly. Realising my mistake I cut out of and apt-get update/upgrade midway through and then reset sources.list to wheezy and ran through this list of commands. But when I try to `sudo apt-get install locales` this happens:               Reading package lists... Done     Building dependency tree            Reading state information... Done     Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have     requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable     distribution that some required packages have not yet been created     or been moved out of Incoming.     The following information may help to resolve the situation:          The following packages have unmet dependencies:      base-files : PreDepends: awk      erlang-crypto : Depends: libssl1.0.0 (>= 1.0.0) but it is not going to be installed      libc6 : Depends: libgcc1 but it is not going to be installed              Recommends: libc6-i686 but it is not going to be installed              Breaks: locales (< 2.19)      libncurses5 : PreDepends: multiarch-support but it is not going to be installed                    Recommends: libgpm2 but it is not going to be installed      libtinfo5 : PreDepends: multiarch-support but it is not going to be installed      locales : Depends: glibc-2.13-1                Depends: debconf (>= 0.5) but it is not going to be installed or                         debconf-2.0      procps : Depends: libncursesw5 (>= 5.6+20070908) but it is not going to be installed               Depends: libprocps0 (>= 1:3.3.2-1) but it is not going to be installed               Depends: initscripts but it is not going to be installed               Recommends: psmisc but it is not going to be installed      zlib1g : PreDepends: multiarch-support but it is not going to be installed     E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.      How do I solve these dependencies?


How to split and edit patches?

Sometimes I need to split a big patch into smaller (disjoint) ones, e.g. for every separate feature included. Usually I do it via standard vim yank/dd commands and split-window switching. But are there some tools/vim-tricks to help with such kind of editing? For example support for commands like: move the 3 next complete hunks to right opened patch file


Close All Piped Commands if one close

I'm running at least 3 commands (with progs) using pipes. For example               program1 bla bla | program2 blabla | program3 bla bla      Is possible to close all `programX` PIDS automatically if at least one exits/stops?


How can avoid these spurious characters in my bash prompt?

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How do I change the GRUB boot configuration from within Windows?

I currently dual boot Windows 7 and Fedora 14, using GRUB, with Windows 7 as my default. I know that from Fedora, I can set GRUB to boot into Fedora, overriding the default, on the next reboot. Is there a way to do this from Windows? That is, can I change the GRUB configuration permanently or semi- permanently from Windows so I don't have to be in front of my computer to boot into Fedora?


Why is 'while.. read.. <<EOL' performing variable expansion, yet <file and | don't?

Aside from the variable expansion mentioned in the question's heading, I also experience another alarming issue when reading inline data to `<<EOL`... When the data contains a backtick **`** , it causes an error. Both are substitution issues, but what and where is the relevant option? ...(and why is the inline read behaving differently?) Here is the script               #!/bin/bash     echo '==$BASH' | \     while IFS= read -r line ; do echo "# output 1: $line" ;done          echo '==$BASH'>junk     while IFS= read -r line ; do echo "# output 2: $line" ;done <junk          while IFS= read -r line ; do echo "# output 3: $line" ;done <<EOL     ==$BASH     EOL          while IFS= read -r line ; do echo "# output 4: $line" ;done <<EOL     `my backtick test     EOL      This is the output               # output 1: ==$BASH     # output 2: ==$BASH     # output 3: ==/bin/bash     ...: bad substitution: no closing "`" in `my backtick test


Easy Regex on Apache Logs

I'm struggling to create a regex for Apache logs. It's for `ignoreregex` on `Fail2ban`. I'd really like to be able to put something like `/house` to catch all files in that directory or `/house/jonross.html` specifically to match just that HTML file. The log format I'm using is below. The field is the one where `/city/index.html` is in this example. `66-121-89-14.domain.com - - [14/Apr/2011:14:47:05 +0100] "GET /city/index.html HTTP/1.1" 200 2577 "http://www.domain.com/referrer/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-GB; rv:1.9.2.16) Gecko/20110319 Firefox/3.6.16"` Can a regex whizz please help ?


How can I determine which service run during bootup is responsible for a certain behaviour?

On my Fedora 14 system, some strange bind mounts have appeared in the list of mounts. They appear on every bootup. I can unmount them with `umount -l`, but I would like to find which package is mounting them (so that I can report a bug if necessary). How can I find out which service is causing these bind mounts to appear?


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Disable Keyboard & Mouse Temporarily

I would like to know how one can disable the keyboard & mouse temporarily in OS X.


How to sort updates based on release date on debian testing?

I'm a user of linux mint debian linux distro which is based on debian testing. Debian testing is a rolling release distro. The testing nature of this distro cause some package updates to be buggy. I'm looking for a way to sort packages by release date. I want to install updates after a mount day released to make sure there is minimum bug. I'm already familiar with a good program named apt- listbugs which show me reported bug before installing a package which help me to find reported bugs. In short: **How I can sort updates based on release date on debian testing?**


Multicast on local box

I have an application I need to interface with that listens to a multicast address. I'd like to be able to run a program I've written and have it interface with the other application by multicast without having the traffic leave the box. How can I go about setting this up and preferably doing it through software as I might need to deploy this on multiple boxes.


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VirtualBox on Debian

I have two kernels installed, 3.5.0 and 3.6.0. For several reasons I have to run kernel 3.5.0. VirtualBox works perfectly on 3.6.0, but not on 3.5.0. After I booted kernel 3.5.0 I triggered a module rebuild of the with `apt-get --reinstall install virtualbox-dkms`. This recompiled the VirtualBox module successfully. 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DKMS: uninstall completed.          -------- Uninstall Beginning --------     Module:  virtualbox     Version: 4.1.18     Kernel:  3.6.0 (x86_64)     -------------------------------------          Status: Before uninstall, this module version was ACTIVE on this kernel.          vboxdrv.ko:      - Uninstallation        - Deleting from: /lib/modules/3.6.0/updates/dkms/      - Original module        - No original module was found for this module on this kernel.        - Use the dkms install command to reinstall any previous module version.               vboxnetadp.ko:      - Uninstallation        - Deleting from: /lib/modules/3.6.0/updates/dkms/      - Original module        - No original module was found for this module on this kernel.        - Use the dkms install command to reinstall any previous module version.               vboxnetflt.ko:      - Uninstallation        - Deleting from: /lib/modules/3.6.0/updates/dkms/      - Original module        - No original module was found for this module on this kernel.        - Use the dkms install command to reinstall any previous module version.               vboxpci.ko:      - Uninstallation        - Deleting from: /lib/modules/3.6.0/updates/dkms/      - Original module        - No original module was found for this module on this kernel.        - Use the dkms install command to reinstall any previous module version.          depmod....          DKMS: uninstall completed.          ------------------------------     Deleting module version: 4.1.18     completely from the DKMS tree.     ------------------------------     Done.     Unpacking replacement virtualbox-dkms ...     Setting up virtualbox-dkms (4.1.18-dfsg-1.1) ...     Loading new virtualbox-4.1.18 DKMS files...     Building for 3.5.0 and 3.6.0     Building initial module for 3.5.0     Done.          vboxdrv:     Running module version sanity check.      - Original module        - No original module exists within this kernel      - Installation        - Installing to /lib/modules/3.5.0/updates/dkms/          vboxnetadp.ko:     Running module version sanity check.      - Original module        - No original module exists within this kernel      - Installation        - Installing to /lib/modules/3.5.0/updates/dkms/          vboxnetflt.ko:     Running module version sanity check.      - Original module        - No original module exists within this kernel      - Installation        - Installing to /lib/modules/3.5.0/updates/dkms/          vboxpci.ko:     Running module version sanity check.      - Original module        - No original module exists within this kernel      - Installation        - Installing to /lib/modules/3.5.0/updates/dkms/          depmod....          DKMS: install completed.     Building initial module for 3.6.0     Done.          vboxdrv:     Running module version sanity check.      - Original module        - No original module exists within this kernel      - Installation        - Installing to /lib/modules/3.6.0/updates/dkms/          vboxnetadp.ko:     Running module version sanity check.      - Original module        - No original module exists within this kernel      - Installation        - Installing to /lib/modules/3.6.0/updates/dkms/          vboxnetflt.ko:     Running module version sanity check.      - Original module        - No original module exists within this kernel      - Installation        - Installing to /lib/modules/3.6.0/updates/dkms/          vboxpci.ko:     Running module version sanity check.      - Original module        - No original module exists within this kernel      - Installation        - Installing to /lib/modules/3.6.0/updates/dkms/          depmod....          DKMS: install completed.     [ ok ] Stopping VirtualBox kernel modules.     [FAIL] Starting VirtualBox kernel modules[....] modprobe vboxdrv failed. Please use 'dmesg' to find out why ... failed!      failed!     invoke-rc.d: initscript virtualbox, action "restart" failed.      How can I get VirtualBox to work on 3.5.0?


Linux display server or program that can route video and/or images between its clients?

The JACK Audio Connection Kit (http://jackaudio.org/) is a really useful tool for working with audio on linux systems. It allows for both audio and MIDI data to be communicated between its clients, keeps them in sync with each other, and does so with minimal latency. This, of course, enables all sorts of separate audio applications to work together, allowing for a very flexible workflow for people who regularly edit/record/stream/create audio.. As with most other things, it's often very difficult to find a single program that fulfills all the needs of your video/image editing/animation workflow. As somebody who spends just as much time with video/images as I do with audio, I've been curious; is there some kind of application/daemon that allows for the routing of video or images from one program to another? If not, would the development of this type of application be feasible as a Wayland extension? It seems like the way the Wayland protocol works (having each client render its output to a memory buffer that is controlled by the server [i think?]) would create the potential to route the output of one client into another client.. So, does this type of thing exist? And if not, would it be possible in the future in conjunction with Wayland?


How to install linux-libc-dev in SliTaz (asm/ioctls.h)

When I installed gcc from SliTaz repository tazPkg command. I got > gcc version 4.5.2 (SliTaz) when I attempt to compile aircrack 1.2 beta on SliTaz. I get a error with missing file (No such file or directory) > asm/ioctls.h from > /usr/include/bits/ioctls.h:24:24: fatel error: asm/ioctls.h: No such file or > directory It's included from > /usr/include/sys/ioctl.h:27:0, from aircrack-ng.c:44: After research I figured out I need the **linux-libc-dev** to fix this. How do I get that? or anyone got aircrack 1.2 beta 1 working under SliTaz?


Private VPN compression for faster internet

_I've posted this same question onStackOverflow as well, but figured out I may get more Debian-specific answers here_ ## Background: I'm a student, and currently the WiFi connection at my school is very slow (dead slow). I have an 8Gb 4G data-plan, but even with that, I'm running short at the end of the month. I have set up a Debian headless at home (which has a 400 Mbps connection), and I'm already using it as an automated Seedbox, an L2TP-IPSec VPN, a BTSync server, and an Apache server. I started building two months ago — knowing I wouldn't get blazing fast internet connection — so I'm rather new to Debian ## Here is my question: Is it possible to **efficiently compress data over a private VPN**? I know some iPhone and Android apps like Onavo Extend can achieve that, and I was wondering how I could put this kind of system in place (if it is indeed effective enough) so that my 4G-data usage would be lighter. If I ever come to installing/building such VPN, it should be compatible with Debian (the server), Mac Os (my computer), and iOS (my phone). If you have any other suggestion on how I could speed up my school's WiFi. I did some tests on it; `ping www.google.com` times out, `arp -a` takes a long time but eventually displays a few peers, and any speedtest (when the bad connection gives me internet access) return 0.28 Mbps Down-Speeds.


Not able to install via GUI, Message: requires installation from unauthenticated sources

I am not able to install any application via the command line which requires installation from an unauthenticated source. I tried installing recordmydesktop via the Ubuntu Software Centre but when I try to install a message is displayed that it "requires installation from unauthenticated sources". And then when I click "O.K.", nothing happens. Therefore, I had to do it on the command line. This also happens when I get a message from Software Updater that "a new update is there for your system". So, I can't update/upgrade via GUI. I then have to do it via the command line. I have a related post here. (please don't consider it duplicate as it is not) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/kUQQK.png) ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ZBInw.png)


is it possible to reverse the output of "filters" command?

On Linux, the `filters` package could be great fun, really. Is there any way to reverse the output to what it basically was?               echo "Hi. My name is Chirp Chirp" | ky00te     Hy. My name ys Chyrrp Chyrrp      Is it possible to reverse " _Hy. My name ys Chyrrp Chyrrp_ " (back) to " _Hi. My name is Chirp Chirp_ ", knowing that the `ky00te` filter was used?


Zsh function with su and echo

I'm trying to add a function to my `.zshrc` that makes adding new USE flags to my `/etc/portage/package.use` file easier. Normally, I'd have to do               su -c 'echo "net-misc/aria2 bash-completion bittorrent" >> /etc/portage/package.use'      So I tried making a function like               new_use() {         su -c 'echo "$1" >> /etc/portage/package.use'     }      but then I realized it wouldn't work. I want to know if there's a way of making this function work, or at least if functions are appropriate for this. By the way, I don't mind having to type the root password every time I call the function.


How to check whether my cron job for backup using tar was succesfull

I have a cron job to tar backup websites and databases and upload the backup to a NAS. Instead of checking the tar files on the NAS. Is there any way to check if the tar backup process completed successfully?


I have high io stat. High writes. But what files are being written?

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle               11.50    0.02    5.38    0.07    0.00   83.04          Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rkB/s    wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await  svctm  %util     sdc               0.01    89.92    0.26   41.59     3.36   457.19    22.01     0.23    5.60   0.09   0.38     sdb               0.10    15.59    0.40   14.55     8.96   120.57    17.33     0.04    2.91   0.07   0.11     sda               0.13    45.37    0.96    8.09    20.06   213.56    51.63     0.02    2.64   0.16   0.14     sde               0.01    31.83    0.09   11.34     0.94   103.56    18.29     0.04    3.52   0.14   0.16     sdd               0.01    48.01    0.13   19.81     1.58   202.16    20.44     0.11    5.62   0.13   0.25      Is there a way to know what files are being written? 457 kB/s Also this other linux machine have this same problem.               avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle               20.50    0.00   46.48   20.74    0.00   12.28          Device:         rrqm/s   wrqm/s     r/s     w/s    rkB/s    wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz   await  svctm  %util     sda               0.17    11.61    0.99    3.51    36.65    59.43    42.70     0.10   23.20   3.84   1.73     sdb               0.55   224.18   24.30   97.45   246.48  1287.12    25.19     3.96   32.53   7.88  95.91     sdd               0.53   226.75   25.56   90.96   283.50  1271.69    26.69     3.43   29.44   8.22  95.75     sdc               0.00     1.76    0.28    0.06     4.73     7.26    70.41     0.00   12.00   2.12   0.07     dm-0              0.00     0.00    1.11   14.77    36.41    58.92    12.01     1.00   62.86   1.09   1.74     dm-1              0.00     0.00    0.04    0.12     0.17     0.49     8.00     0.00   21.79   2.47   0.04     dm-2              0.00     0.00    0.01    0.00     0.05     0.01     8.50     0.00    7.90   2.08   0.00      1200 write request per second for a server that host nothing


Give an access to Internet to a server reachable by SSH but where Internet is blocked

I can use my home computer _A_ to connect by SSH to a server _B_ where access to the external network is blocked. In other words, all requests to Internet from _B_ throw an error: **Network is unreachable**. Can I redirect all these requests to pass through the computer _A_ which has an unrestricted access to Internet? Server _B_ is a server which hosts one of my website. I want to download files in order to install some software. But the connection is blocked. I was able to transfer files but it was complicated because the software versions are different on _A_ and _B_ , so the dependencies where different and it required different files on _A_ and _B_. I searched on Internet and it seems that I need a reverse tunnel. But I only found solutions where a port is redirected. But it's not what I need since I don't want _B_ to access to _A_ but to Internet.


Explaining how Linux shows windows/graphics

Can someone explain what packages Linux has to show windows and graphical stuff? What goes on the top of what, what are the most common options? What do the users really need to run? What is running in my present system? I am confused by these gdm, kdm, x11, xfce, lightdm, unity thing.


My grep (GNU grep) 2.5.1 does not obey backslash character and special expression

I'm trying to follow a section in The GNU Grep Manual but my expression isn't working. Is it my grep version? Red Hat 5.5.               $ rm file     $ echo 'hello world' > file     $ grep 'hello world' file     hello world     $ grep 'hello\sworld' file     $      Returns nothing. grep-2.5.1-55.el5


Running cron.daily in parallel

Being able to put a script in /etc/cron.daily is really nice because I can do it easily from a configuration management system or a package. However, my understanding is that all the entries in /etc/cron.daily will run sequentially. How can I make a script in /etc/cron.daily not hold up the other tasks? Would something like the following work?               #!/bin/bash     #do something long:     nohup sleep 1000000000 &;#instead of sleep, this could point to another script that takes a while to execute


Ubuntu Linux Router: Set outbound NAT on 2 interfaces

I'm setting up a router using Ubuntu 12.04. I need my router to route between our internet modem and my client's network, for which we're given one IP address. The box has 3 interfaces:   1. eth0 - port to client's network. Configured using static IP.   2. eth1 - our LAN. Configured as static IP 192.168.1.1 and serving DHCP/DNS.   3. eth2 - uplink to 3G router modem. Configured as DHCP client. My /etc/network/interfaces looks like:               # The primary network interface     auto eth2     iface eth2 inet dhcp          # LAN point to our client's network     auto eth0     iface eth0 inet static     address 10.198.250.171     #gateway 10.198.0.4     netmask 255.255.0.0     network 10.198.0.0     broadcast 10.198.255.255     hwaddress ether 00:1E:EC:72:ED:92          # eth1 acts as our LAN's router IP     auto eth1     iface eth1 inet static     address 192.168.1.1     netmask 255.255.255.0     network 192.168.1.0     broadcast 192.168.1.255      I've configured eth1 to serve as DHCP and configured NAT from my LAN to internet as follows in /etc/rc.local:               # IP forwarding script from our LAN to internet     /sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT     /sbin/iptables --table nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth2 -j MASQUERADE      In order to access my client's LAN (which is a private class A network), I've configured a static route as follows:               up route add -net 10.0.0.0/8 gw 10.198.250.171 dev eth0      Thus far, I can ping and access my client's LAN from the router itself, but from any of my LAN clients, I cannot get the router to route to my client's LAN. Can anybody advise what else I need to do? Do I need to set outbound NAT for both eth0 and eth2? Any advice much appreciated.


Is is possible to use KDE as well as Gnome on a machine?

Is it possible to install KDE and Gnome on your machine (using Fedora) in such a way that when you boot, you can specify whether you want to use KDE or Gnome. Even better would be if you can switch between the two without having to reboot. I think it should be possible. How can I do this?


Any reason an HP C7499A DVD ROM shouldn't work on an old Sun Ultra Enterprise II?

I'm trying to switch from a CD-ROM to a DVD-ROM on an old Sparc Ultra Enterprise II. I got this C7499A but I can't seem to access anything on it. I thought that since it's SCSI it should work even though DVD's weren't around when this Sparc was made. Is it probable that the drive is just bad?


Package manager for AIX

While installing Subversion on AIX (version 7.1) from the official site, there are dependencies I need to resolve first before I can proceed to install the subversion package. While installing the dependencies package, there are a bunch of other dependencies package are needed to be download and install as well. Is there a program for AIX that could automate the installation process? Something like `apt-get` on Ubuntu.


How to Fix Choppy Video Playback in Ubuntu?

On Ubuntu 10.04 I experience choppy video playback. I am running Mplayer and have an Nvidia GeForce 9800 GTX+ video card. I have already installed the `libvdpau1` library. I don't know if hardware acceleration is enabled on my video card or if it is supported. Can anyone provide suggestions on how to decrease the choppiness? Here is my `xorg.conf` file:               # nvidia-settings: X configuration file generated by nvidia-settings     # nvidia-settings:  version 1.0  (buildd@yellow)  Fri Apr  9 11:51:21 UTC 2010          Section "ServerLayout"         Identifier     "Layout0"         Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0         InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"         InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"         Option         "Xinerama" "0"     EndSection          Section "Files"     EndSection          Section "InputDevice"         # generated from default         Identifier     "Mouse0"         Driver         "mouse"         Option         "Protocol" "auto"         Option         "Device" "/dev/psaux"         Option         "Emulate3Buttons" "no"         Option         "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"     EndSection          Section "InputDevice"         # generated from default         Identifier     "Keyboard0"         Driver         "kbd"     EndSection          Section "Monitor"         # HorizSync source: edid, VertRefresh source: edid         Identifier     "Monitor0"         VendorName     "Unknown"         ModelName      "ACI ASUS VH236H"         HorizSync       30.0 - 85.0         VertRefresh     55.0 - 75.0         Option         "DPMS"     EndSection          Section "Device"         Identifier     "Device0"         Driver         "nvidia"         VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"         BoardName      "GeForce 9800 GTX+"     EndSection          Section "Screen"         Identifier     "Screen0"         Device         "Device0"         Monitor        "Monitor0"         DefaultDepth    24         Option         "TwinView" "1"         Option         "TwinViewXineramaInfoOrder" "DFP-0"         Option         "metamodes" "DFP-0: nvidia-auto-select +1920+0, DFP-1: nvidia-auto-select +0+0"         SubSection     "Display"             Depth       24         EndSubSection     EndSection


How to verify hardware acceleration settings on Nvidia GeForce 9800

How can I verify whether hardware acceleration is available and whether it is enabled for my video card. If it makes a difference I am using Ubuntu 10.04.


Which shell should I use - tcsh vs bash?

I have been using `tcsh` for a long time now. But whenever I am searching for something, I often find that the methods specified are `bash` specific. Even the syntax for the shell scripts is different for the two. From what I have experienced searching and learning on the internet, `bash` seems to be the more common shell used. Even the number of questions on this site tagged `bash` are way more (five times more currently) than the number of questions tagged `tcsh`. So, I am wondering whether I should switch to bash. What do you think? **Why should I stick to`tcsh` OR why should I move over to `bash`?**


Change scroll lines when use mouse wheels?

Is there a way to control how many lines will scroll, when you use the mouse wheels? It seems to be 5 lines by default, anyway to change this value? I didn't find it in xfce4-settings-manager


Problem updating to KDE 4.9.1

I wrote this on the terminal:               sudo yum -y update      [sudo] password for brallan:      Loaded plugins: auto-update-debuginfo, langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit     Resolving Dependencies     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package akonadi.i686 0:1.7.2-1.fc17 will be obsoleted     --> Processing Dependency: libakonadiprotocolinternals.so.1 for package: kdepimlibs-akonadi-4.9.1-3.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libakonadiprotocolinternals.so.1 for package: 7:kdepim-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libakonadiprotocolinternals.so.1 for package: 1:kdepim-runtime-libs-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libakonadiprotocolinternals.so.1 for package: 1:kdepim-runtime-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libakonadiprotocolinternals.so.1 for package: 7:kdepim-libs-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     ---> Package akonadi-mysql.i686 0:1.8.0-1.fc17 will be obsoleting     ---> Package ark.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package ark.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package ark-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package ark-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package audiocd-kio.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be obsoleting     --> Processing Dependency: audiocd-kio-libs(x86-32) = 4.9.1-1.fc17 for package: audiocd-kio-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libaudiocdplugins.so.4 for package: audiocd-kio-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libkcddb.so.4 for package: audiocd-kio-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libkcompactdisc.so.4 for package: audiocd-kio-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     ---> Package calligra.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-braindump.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-braindump.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-braindump-libs.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-braindump-libs.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-core.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-core.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-flow.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-flow.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-flow-libs.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-flow-libs.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-karbon.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-karbon.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-karbon-libs.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-karbon-libs.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kdchart.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kdchart.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kexi.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kexi.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kexi-driver-mysql.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kexi-driver-mysql.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kexi-driver-postgresql.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kexi-driver-postgresql.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kexi-driver-sybase.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kexi-driver-sybase.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kexi-libs.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated                                                                                ---> Package calligra-kexi-libs.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-kexi-map-form-widget.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-kexi-map-form-widget.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-krita.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-krita.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-krita-libs.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-krita-libs.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-libs.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-libs.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-okular-odpgenerator.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-okular-odpgenerator.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-plan.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-plan.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-plan-libs.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-plan-libs.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-reports-map-element.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-reports-map-element.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-sheets.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-sheets.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-sheets-libs.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-sheets-libs.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-stage.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-stage.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-stage-libs.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-stage-libs.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-words.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-words.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package calligra-words-libs.i686 0:2.5.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package calligra-words-libs.i686 0:2.5.2-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package dragon.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be obsoleting     ---> Package gwenview.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package gwenview.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package gwenview-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package gwenview-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package jovie.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package jovie.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package jovie-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package jovie-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kactivities.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kactivities.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kamera.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kamera.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kamoso.i686 0:2.0.2-3.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kamoso.i686 0:2.0.2-5.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kate.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kate.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kate-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kate-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kate-part.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kate-part.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kcalc.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kcalc.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kcharselect.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kcharselect.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kcm_colors.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kcm_colors.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kcolorchooser.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kcolorchooser.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kde-baseapps.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kde-baseapps.i686 0:4.9.1-2.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kde-baseapps-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kde-baseapps-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-2.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kde-printer-applet.noarch 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kde-printer-applet.noarch 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kde-runtime.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kde-runtime.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     --> Processing Dependency: nepomuk-core >= 4.9.1 for package: kde-runtime-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libnepomukcore.so.4 for package: kde-runtime-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     ---> Package kde-runtime-flags.noarch 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kde-runtime-flags.noarch 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kde-runtime-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kde-runtime-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kde-workspace.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kde-workspace.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kde-workspace-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kde-workspace-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdeartwork-kxs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdeartwork-kxs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdeartwork-screensavers.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdeartwork-screensavers.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdegraphics-thumbnailers.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdegraphics-thumbnailers.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdelibs.i686 6:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdelibs.i686 6:4.9.1-4.fc17 will be an update     --> Processing Dependency: liblzma.so.5(XZ_5.0) for package: 6:kdelibs-4.9.1-4.fc17.i686     ---> Package kdelibs-common.i686 6:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdelibs-common.i686 6:4.9.1-4.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdemultimedia-common.noarch 6:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdemultimedia-common.noarch 6:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdemultimedia-dragonplayer.i686 6:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be obsoleted     ---> Package kdemultimedia-kio_audiocd.i686 6:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be obsoleted     ---> Package kdemultimedia-kmix.i686 6:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be obsoleted     ---> Package kdemultimedia-libs.i686 6:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdemultimedia-libs.noarch 6:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdenetwork-common.noarch 7:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdenetwork-common.noarch 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdenetwork-kdnssd.i686 7:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdenetwork-kdnssd.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdenetwork-kget.i686 7:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdenetwork-kget.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdenetwork-kget-libs.i686 7:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdenetwork-kget-libs.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdenetwork-krdc.i686 7:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdenetwork-krdc.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdenetwork-krdc-libs.i686 7:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdenetwork-krdc-libs.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdenetwork-krfb.i686 7:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdenetwork-krfb.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdenetwork-krfb-libs.i686 7:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdenetwork-krfb-libs.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdepim.i686 7:4.8.5-4.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdepim.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdepim-libs.i686 7:4.8.5-4.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdepim-libs.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdepim-runtime.i686 1:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdepim-runtime.i686 1:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     --> Processing Dependency: libkgapi.so.0 for package: 1:kdepim-runtime-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libxerces-c-3.1.so for package: 1:kdepim-runtime-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libkolab.so.0 for package: 1:kdepim-runtime-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     --> Processing Dependency: libkolabxml.so.0 for package: 1:kdepim-runtime-4.9.1-1.fc17.i686     ---> Package kdepim-runtime-libs.i686 1:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdepim-runtime-libs.i686 1:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdepimlibs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdepimlibs.i686 0:4.9.1-3.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdepimlibs-akonadi.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdepimlibs-akonadi.i686 0:4.9.1-3.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdeplasma-addons.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdeplasma-addons.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdeplasma-addons-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdeplasma-addons-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdesdk-common.noarch 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdesdk-common.noarch 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdesdk-okteta.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdesdk-okteta.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdesdk-okteta-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdesdk-okteta-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdesdk-umbrello.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdesdk-umbrello.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdevelop.i686 9:4.3.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdevelop.i686 9:4.3.1-2.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdevelop-libs.i686 9:4.3.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdevelop-libs.i686 9:4.3.1-2.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kdm.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kdm.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kgpg.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kgpg.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kgreeter-plugins.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kgreeter-plugins.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kio_msits.i686 7:4.8.5-3.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kio_msits.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kmix.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be obsoleting     ---> Package kolourpaint.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kolourpaint.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kolourpaint-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kolourpaint-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package konsole.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package konsole.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package konsole-part.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package konsole-part.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kross-interpreters.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kross-interpreters.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kross-python.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kross-python.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kruler.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kruler.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package ksnapshot.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package ksnapshot.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package ksysguard.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package ksysguard.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package ksysguard-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package ksysguard-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package ksysguardd.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package ksysguardd.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package ktorrent.i686 0:4.2.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package ktorrent.i686 0:4.3.0-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package ktorrent-libs.i686 0:4.2.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package ktorrent-libs.i686 0:4.3.0-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kwallet.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kwallet.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kwebkitpart.i686 0:1.2-0.3.20111030.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kwebkitpart.i686 0:1.3-0.1.20120726git.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kwin-gles-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kwin-gles-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package kwrite.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package kwrite.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package libkdcraw.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package libkdcraw.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package libkexiv2.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package libkexiv2.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package libkipi.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package libkipi.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package libktorrent.i686 0:1.2.1-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package libktorrent.i686 0:1.3.0-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package libkworkspace.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package libkworkspace.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package marble.i686 1:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package marble.i686 1:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package marble-libs.i686 1:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package marble-libs.i686 1:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package okular.i686 0:4.8.5-3.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package okular.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package okular-libs.i686 0:4.8.5-3.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package okular-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package okular-part.i686 0:4.8.5-3.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package okular-part.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package plasma-scriptengine-python.i686 0:4.8.5-2.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package plasma-scriptengine-python.i686 0:4.9.1-6.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package pykde4.i686 0:4.8.5-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package pykde4.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package system-config-printer-kde.i686 7:4.8.4-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package system-config-printer-kde.i686 7:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be an update     --> Running transaction check     ---> Package akonadi.i686 0:1.7.2-1.fc17 will be updated     ---> Package akonadi.i686 0:1.8.0-1.fc17 will be an update     ---> Package audiocd-kio-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be installed     ---> Package kdelibs.i686 6:4.9.1-4.fc17 will be an update     --> Processing Dependency: liblzma.so.5(XZ_5.0) for package: 6:kdelibs-4.9.1-4.fc17.i686     ---> Package libkcddb.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be installed     ---> Package libkcompactdisc.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be installed     ---> Package libkgapi.i686 0:0.4.2-1.fc17 will be installed     ---> Package libkolab.i686 0:0.3.1-3.fc17 will be installed     ---> Package libkolabxml.i686 0:0.8.1-2.fc17 will be installed     ---> Package nepomuk-core.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be installed     ---> Package nepomuk-core-libs.i686 0:4.9.1-1.fc17 will be installed     ---> Package xerces-c.i686 0:3.1.1-2.fc17 will be installed     --> Finished Dependency Resolution     Error: Package: 6:kdelibs-4.9.1-4.fc17.i686 (kde)                Requires: liblzma.so.5(XZ_5.0)      You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem      You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest      How can I solve this? I have the 'required package' in /usr/lib/ I use Fedora 17, KDE 4.8.5


Gettting Unexpected Error during the testing of GCC-4.8.2 package in LFS 7.5

I am building my first LFS 7.5 using Linux Mint-13 (32-bit).While testing the 6.17. GCC-4.8.2 .I am getting the following error :               root:/sources/gcc-build# ../gcc-4.8.2/contrib/test_summary     cat <<'EOF' |     LAST_UPDATED: Obtained from SVN: tags/gcc_4_8_2_release revision 203690     Native configuration is i686-pc-linux-gnu              === g++ tests ===               Running target unix     FAIL: g++.dg/asan/asan_test.C  -O2  AddressSanitizer_HugeMallocTestIdent((char*)malloc(size))[-1] = 0 output pattern test, should match is located 1 bytes to the left of 2726297600-byte              === g++ Summary ===          # of expected passes        53365     # of unexpected failures    1      # of expected failures      290     # of unsupported tests      647       /sources/gcc-build/gcc/testsuite/g++/../../xg++  version 4.8.2 (GCC)       That asan_test.C thing seems to be a known issue...               http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=55577      How can i resolve it ? Thanx in advance ....


Grub: can't enter Windows 7

I want to install ubuntu using easyBCD and ubuntu ISO file, after some configuration, I set the default boot to Grub instead of windows7. But I forgot to run command `sudo umount –l /isodevice` to remove the iso, so when I boot from Grub, the installation of Ubuntu failed. Now I want to return to Windows7 to run that command, but I don't know how to return to window7, there are only one item `install ubuntu` after rebooting. I tried               rootnoverify (hd0,0)     chainloader +1     boot      however, I can only return to "Install Ubuntu" , I think the reason is that I put the initrd.lz vmlinuz in drive C(where windows7 is installed) now I have a ubuntu8 CD. I insert the CD and want to use the TRIAL version to delete "initrd.lz" and "vmlinuz" in C drive, but I simply can't enter /dev/sda and /dev/sda1. Should I install ubuntu 8 and then modify GRUB under ubuntu 8 so that I can start window7?


Kali Linux airodump Not Finding Networks

When I use the `airodump` it is not coming up with networks available around me. The chart comes up but nothing inside it, even though there should be about 10 networks around me coming up there is just none being found , I would be very grateful for any advice! All the commands I am using are correct as I am follow online tutorials maybe its just my wireless network card nor something :/


Running "patch" without generating *.orig and *.rej files

Is it possible to tell `patch` not to generate `.orig` and `.rej` files? I find it extremely annoying that patch creates these.


How to connect a domain name to a virtual host 's sub folder without creating a virtualhost for the new domain name?

Suppose you have 2 domain names..                domain1.tld      domain2.tld      your server ip is : 1.1.1.1 you install httpd and set up a virtual host for the IP only.               Listen *:80     DirectoryIndex index.php          <VirtualHost *:80>     DocumentRoot /1/     ServerName ooo     </VirtualHost>      you have not setup anything for the domains..   but because the domais are pointing to your server's ip via DNS they still come to this VirtualHost on the Web. i do not use php but let's assume there is a index.php   in this virtual host. it wants to know what domain is being used so it can   go into mysql and display the appropriate content. how can index.php be aware of what domain is being used ? or suppose you run a web site like youtube or twitter.. instead of youtube.com/username you want to be able to offer your users ability to use their own domain names. how can you go about connecting a domain name to.. youtube.com/username ?


How can I switch between different audio output hardware using the shell?

I use my laptop with an external monitor which has speakers. When the monitor is attached through HDMI I can switch (using the GUI: Sound Setting --> Hardware) between the normal laptop audio output and the monitor output. I repeat this procedure a lot of time and I started to wonder if I can automate it or, anyway, execute it in a faster way using the shell. My distro is Ubuntu 12.04 with gnome 3. EDIT: I tried using pacmd, but list-sinks gives me only the device I'm currently using:               pacmd list-sinks | grep name:     name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.hdmi-stereo>      After a switch from GUI:               pacmd list-sinks | grep name:     name: <alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo>      And if I try to change it I get:               pacmd set-default-sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.hdmi-stereo     Welcome to PulseAudio! Use "help" for usage information.     Sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.hdmi-stereo does not exist.


Apache server redirects main domain to https

I have this server with multiple domains running CentOS 6.2 and Apache. This server has a SSL certificate installed and working well. Every time I browse to the main domain, without adding `http://` it shows the `https` part. For example: If I type `mydomain.com` it shows the `https` page on `private_html/index.html` instead of `public_html/index.html` If I type `http://mydomain.com` or `http://www.mydomain.com` it shows the correct page at `public_html/index.html` If I type `https://mydomain.com` or `https://www.mydomain.com` it shows the correct page at `private_html/index.html` the problem is just that if I omit the `http` or `https` part it always shows the `https` part. I want the inverse. I want to go to `https` when I want, not when apache wants. What may be causing this? This is my `httpd.conf` for this domain               <VirtualHost 100.101.102.103:80 >             ServerName www.mysite.com             ServerAlias www.mysite.com mysite.com             ServerAdmin webmaster@mysite.com             DocumentRoot /home/admin/domains/mysite.com/public_html             ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/admin/domains/mysite.com/public_html/cgi-bin/                  UseCanonicalName OFF                  <IfModule !mod_ruid2.c>                     SuexecUserGroup admin admin             </IfModule>             <IfModule mod_ruid2.c>                     RMode config                     RUidGid admin admin                     RGroups apache access             </IfModule>                  CustomLog /var/log/httpd/domains/mysite.com.bytes bytes             CustomLog /var/log/httpd/domains/mysite.com.log combined             ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/domains/mysite.com.error.log             <Directory /home/admin/domains/mysite.com/public_html>                     Options +Includes -Indexes                     php_admin_flag safe_mode OFF                     php_admin_flag engine ON                     php_admin_value sendmail_path '/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f admin@mysite.com'                          php_admin_value open_basedir /home/admin/:/tmp:/var/tmp:/usr/local/lib/php/             </Directory>     </VirtualHost>               <VirtualHost 100.101.102.103:443 >             SSLEngine on             SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crt/server.crt             SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.key/server.key                  ServerName www.mysite.com             ServerAlias www.mysite.com mysite.com             ServerAdmin webmaster@mysite.com             DocumentRoot /home/admin/domains/mysite.com/private_html             ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/admin/domains/mysite.com/public_html/cgi-bin/                  UseCanonicalName OFF                  <IfModule !mod_ruid2.c>                     SuexecUserGroup admin admin             </IfModule>             <IfModule mod_ruid2.c>                     RMode config                     RUidGid admin admin                     RGroups apache access             </IfModule>                  CustomLog /var/log/httpd/domains/mysite.com.bytes bytes         CustomLog /var/log/httpd/domains/mysite.com.log combined             ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/domains/mysite.com.error.log                  <Directory /home/admin/domains/mysite.com/private_html>                     Options +Includes -Indexes                          php_admin_flag safe_mode OFF                     php_admin_flag engine ON                     php_admin_value sendmail_path '/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f admin@mysite.com'                      php_admin_value open_basedir /home/admin/:/tmp:/var/tmp:/usr/local/lib/php/             </Directory>     </VirtualHost>      any help is appreciated. Thanks.


bourne shell if [ -e $directory/file.$suffix ]

I've been looking inclusive I even checked the if manual for bash and tried in cli mode.               #!/bin/sh     CONFIG_DIR="/var/opt/SUNWldm/"     read option     if [ $option -eq 9 ]; then             ret=1     elif [ -e ${CONFIG_DIR}file.xml.${option} ]; then             echo "TRUE"     fi      I have the above code in a while loop to present a list of options. Unfortunately I'm having problems with the `elfi` statement. > From: IF for Beginners the -e returns true if the file exists. I've double checked the syntax and even running the script in debug mode (I put `set -x` at the beginning of this script and could see that the replacement in the `if` is done properly as seen inline:               + [ 201301271355 -eq 9 ]     + [ -e /var/opt/SUNWldm/file.xml.201301271355 ]     ./ldm_recover.sh: test: argument expected      I've been searching so far and haven't found a reason for failing, any ideas what I'm doing wrong?


How to retrieve an installed AUR package?

I used `yaourt` to successfully build and install an AUR package, unfortunately missing the fact that in its default configuration the built package is removed after installation. Since the build took around 24 hours and having the package available for later might be useful, is there any way to reconstruct the package from the installed binaries instead of having to `makepkg` it again? Or more generally, since this is not necessarily `yaourt`-tied: > How to retrieve a `makepkg` generated package from the installation and > source without having to recompile?


No wallpaper colors in Xfce 4.10

I'm in Linux Mint 14, updated to Xfce 4.10. Wallpapers are black & white only. I think that happened after I moved the scrolls for brightness and saturation. After putting them back to zero, no color on the desktop image. Changing from "image" to "image list" or "none" does not remove the image. But an image can be changed with another: but no colors. ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/e363H.jpg) (Now the all-gray philosophy of Xfce and Mint has triumphed... but all the same... I want colors back.)


grepping dotfiles with -R correctly?

From time to time I need to find a culprit in an unknown dotfile and instead of trying to figure out which package is to be blamed (e.g. xfce4 or thunar?) and what is their naming convention (.app vs .application vs .some_old_name vs .config/app...), I just want to go for it the quick & dirty way:               me@here:~$ grep -IR .* -e culprit      But this quick & dirty way is also the silly way. After few minutes I figure out that `.*` means `..` as well, and there we are. Sometimes I resort to probably even less quick & more dirty variant:               me@here:~$ grep -IR /home/me -e culprit      which turns out to be of a superior silliness, especially if I have some huge or distant `mount`ains at my `$HOME`. Too bad that I can't figure out The Quick And Clean And Right Way. (And my disk heads are slowly wearing out.) Is it possible to achieve this within wildcard expansion at all? I.e. a variant of `.*` that does not match `..` (and `../..`...)?


How to troubleshoot a computer freeze from liveCD?

I'm helping my dad fixing his old computer. I am now running it from Fedora 16 with XFCE Live CD. If I try to install, as soon as it gets to the part where it writes partition to disk however, the computer just freezes (screen image is frozen, no mouse nor keyboard response--even num-lock won't change then). The only way out is a reset. This issue occurred, though less consistently on Windows, it occurred too after installing Xubuntu 11.10. I suspect this issue is hard-drive related, since now the Live CD runs smoothly and since it freezes on writing partitions. I am not sure however. (I also ran a metest which was passed without error.) Is there a way to find out what the source of the problem is and can I do this from the live CD? And so how? (I am pretty illiterate regarding hardware). Could you guide me through please? Where do I start? _PS: I can do the troubleshooting from Xubuntu 11.10 LiveCD alternatively._


Kali-linux & backtrack, text mode and wifi scanning

As far as i know, when backtrack starts it boots on text mode and the wifi(wlan0) is down in order to be more stealth. Kali linux is the "update" of backtrack and when I boot it always starts in GUI mode. Is it possible to start it in text mode? Also i noticed that it asks for a wifi connection, so i suppose that the stealth of wifi scanning is not valid anymore?


Integrate custom LPD filter into CUPS

I've stood up a new print server and instead of using LPD we're trying to use CUPS. The old LPD server had custom filters written in C that need to be applied to the new CUPS server. The problem is that I'm not sure how that is done. The printers.conf file has the option 'Filter' which uses Mime types. I don't know which Mime type to use if any. I understand that I'll need to include the filter script location in the ppd file for that printer and then edit the printer.conf file, but I'm uncertain how to go about that. On the old print server we would edit the printcap file, but on the new server CUPS will edit that file after any change.               [root@printserver cups]# cat /etc/cups/printers.conf     # Printer configuration file for CUPS v1.4.2     # Written by cupsd on 2014-08-28 11:59     # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE WHEN CUPSD IS RUNNING     <Printer Printer1>     Info Printer1     Location 9L     MakeModel Ricoh Aficio MP C2050 PS     DeviceURI lpd://destination_server/Printer1     State Idle     StateTime 1409252319     Type 8433916     Filter application/vnd.cups-raw 0 -     Filter application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 foomatic-rip     Accepting Yes     Shared Yes     JobSheets none none     QuotaPeriod 0     PageLimit 0     KLimit 0     OpPolicy default     ErrorPolicy stop-printer     </Printer>                    [root@printserver ppd]# grep cupsFilter Printer1.ppd          *cupsFilter: "application/vnd.cups-postscript 0 foomatic-rip"      OLD server printcap file:               Printer1:\     :ml#0:\     :mx#0:\     :sd=/var/spool/lpd/Printer1:\     :af=/var/spool/lpd/Printer1/Printer1.acct:\     :sh:\     :rm=destination_server:\     :rp=Printer1:


Pulling lines n to m from list of files found

Ultimately I need to grab lines 3-53 from ever csv in each subdirectory. I grabbed the lines like so (cat isn't necessarily required):               cat /[path]/[file].csv | head -53 | tail -51      And the files like this (but find IS):               find /[path]/ -name "*.csv"      The problem is I'm having trouble chaining the two. I could list what I've tried for your amusement, but it's obviously nonsense. Can someone nudge me in the right direction?


sshd suddenly wants a passphrase from Linux box, but not from windows (putty)

My Amazon EC2 instance running Ubuntu is no longer letting me `ssh` in via my local Linux system. I haven't changed a darned thing on either side but now it wants a passphrase and says nope when I supply the blank passphrase I had set. Fortunately, it still works fine when I use `putty` on windows. I use the `ppk` file on both, for the Linux side the command is:               ssh -i foo.pkg host      The only thing I can think of is when I last did the apt-get upgrade on the server the other day I saw it was updating the libc stuff. I tried rebooting the server but that hasn't fixed it. What is causing this issue? How might I resolve it?


Hide a partition in the partition table and make it reappear later

I know this isn't a question that's specific to Unix/Linux, but I think there are people who can answer this question here. I want to hide my Windows partition from the partition table completely, then later I want it to come back. I'm sure it's something simple to do, but it's safer to ask people who know instead of fiddling with the partition table myself and mistakenly lose my data. By "hide" I mean I want that area of the disk to appear unallocated. Basically remove the "partition entry" if that makes sense without removing the data itself, so later I can just change the partition table again to make it have a partition entry at the exact location, so I can access it again.


Understanding passwd --keep-tokens

On GNU/Linux, I do have trouble understanding the meaning of the `\--keep- tokens` option for `passwd`. As it doesn't seem to be much used as I am not able to find any examples and only online copies of `man` pages… so any example of practical use would help a lot.


How to add variables to script output?

A program to calculate statistics outputs its data in this format               Calc_Statistics -input_data     zone|label|non_null_cells|null_cells|min|max|range|mean|mean_of_abs|stddev|variance|coeff_var|sum|sum_abs     1|Category 1|2340|6|0.281038027256727|0.462105994578451|0.181067967321724|0.408569300865444|0.408569300865444|0.0272405706818114|0.000742048691070761|6.66730726564858|956.0521640251|956.0521640251     2|Category 2|1504|11|0.231816699029878|0.428150941850618|0.19633424282074|0.368851480689277|0.368851480689277|0.0237446334053689|0.000563807615555358|6.43745101985139|554.7526269567|554.7526269567     ...     ...     n      I know how to select the values i want with the cut               calc_statistics -input_data | cut -f1,2,34 -d'|'      and I'll get something like this:               zone|label|non_null_cells|null_cells     1|Category 1|2340|6     2|Category 2|1504|11      And I want to run it for a collection of inputs,eg:               for year in years:         do          for month in months:            do            calc_statistics -input_data $year$month_data | cut -f1,2,34 -d'|' >> results.txt            done         done      but I can how can I add in each line the $year and $month variable so the result will be similar with the following?               2000|2|1|Category 1|2340|6     2000|2|2|Category 2|1504|11


Command & binary exists but cannot be executed

I transfered `/etc/*` files from one Linux server to another and now I have a strange error. Both are Debian Squeeze. When I run a command, e.g. `ssh`, I get an error: > bash: /usr/bin/ssh: No such file or directory It looks like the binary exists: > -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 358756 Sep 21 14:30 /usr/bin/ssh Bash also autocompletes the command when I type `ss` and press `Tab`. I tried reinstalling, purging etc but it didn't solve anything. There is probably something cached under `/etc/` but I don't know what excatly.


How do you colorize only some keywords for a bash script?

I am running some unit test code. The unit test code outputs regular text. There is a lot of the text so I want to highlight for the user important keywords. In this case the keywords are "PASS" and "FAIL". **How do you colorize "PASS" to be green and "FAIL" to be red?**


Gunzip multiple files and rename them

I want to know whether it is possible to gunzip multiple files and rename them with one command/script. I have a bunch of files in the format: > test.20120708191601.DAT.3599502593.gz   >  test.20120708201601.DAT.99932140.gz   >  test.20120708204600.DAT.1184686967.gz   >  test.20120708212100.DAT.824089664.gz   >  test.20120708215100.DAT.1286044098.gz   >  test.20120708222100.DAT.1414234861.gz I need to gunzip them and remove everything after the .DAT, to be in the format: > test.20120708191601.DAT   >  test.20120708201601.DAT   >  test.20120708204600.DAT   >  test.20120708212100.DAT   >  test.20120708215100.DAT   >  test.20120708222100.DAT


How to grant read/write to specific user in any existent or future subdirectory of a given directory?

I'm a complete newbie in system administration and I'm doing this as a hobby. I host my own git repository on a VPS. Let's say my user is john. I'm using the ssh protocol to access my git repository, so my url is something like `ssh://john@myserver.com/path/to/git/myrepo/`. Root is the owner of everything that's under `/path/to/git` I'm attempting to give read/write access to john to everything which is under `/path/to/git/myrepo` I've tried both `chmod` and `setfacl` to control access, but both fail the same way: they apply rights recursively (with the right options) to all the **_current existing subdirectories_** of `/path/to/git/myrepo`, but as soon as a new directory is created, my user can not write in the new directory. I know that there are hooks in git that would allow me to reapply the rights after each commit, but I'm starting to think that i'm going the wrong way because this seems too complicated for a very basic purpose. **Q** : How should I setup my right to give rw access to john to anything under `/path/to/git/myrepo` and make it resilient to tree structure change ? **Q2** : If I should take a step back change the general approach, please tell me. **Edit** : The question was answered as is, but that was the wrong question. The right question would have been "How to configure a bare git repository on the server for use with ssh access ?". See my own answer.


Camera capture is too slow

I had being conducting some experimentation with my Beagleboard and camera. The camera was working perfectly well initially. Later I extended my experiments by disabling the 'auto-exposure' and manually setting the value myself. But doing this alone made the camera function to be so slow by about 15x times the previous performance. What can be the reason?


GNU screen freezes trying to reattach

I have several long-running GNU screen sessions. I ssh to the box they're running on and run `screen -d -r foo` to detach them if they're connected anywhere else, and then attach them in my current window. 99% of the time this works fine, but on occasion I get this:               $ screen -d -r foo     [2430.foo detached.]      ...and nothing happens; I can't get back to the shell at all. Trying in another window does the same thing, the only thing I can do is destroy that screen session (losing all the programs that were running in it) and recreate it Why does this happen? How can I avoid it or reconnect successfully when it does happen? * * * **Edit** : My `.screenrc`:               startup_message off     defwritelock off     bind q quit     caption always '%{gk}   (%n) %t                   %{y}%d %M %Y :: %c:%s                   %{b}%W%{d}'     screen -t ZSH     autodetach on     shelltitle ZSH     defutf8 on      * * * **Edit** : The end of an `strace` log when trying to attach:               readlink("/proc/self/fd/0", "/dev/pts/14", 4095) = 11     stat64("/dev/pts/14", {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 14), ...}) = 0     stat64("/dev/pts/14", {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 14), ...}) = 0     geteuid32()                             = 1000     getegid32()                             = 1000     open("/dev/pts/14", O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK)  = 3     geteuid32()                             = 1000     getegid32()                             = 1000     close(3)                                = 0     ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or SNDRV_TIMER_IOCTL_NEXT_DEVICE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0     umask(0)                                = 022     lstat64("/var/run/screen", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0777, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0     access("/var/run/screen/S-mrozekma", F_OK) = 0     stat64("/var/run/screen/S-mrozekma", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0700, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0     umask(022)                              = 0     uname({sys="Linux", node="etudes-2", ...}) = 0     rt_sigaction(SIGHUP, {0x806e520, [], 0}, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0     geteuid32()                             = 1000     getegid32()                             = 1000     open("/var/run/screen/S-mrozekma", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3     getdents(3, /* 6 entries */, 32768)     = 124     stat64("/var/run/screen/S-mrozekma/2386.chat", {st_mode=S_IFIFO|0700, st_size=0, ...}) = 0     geteuid32()                             = 1000     getegid32()                             = 1000     open("/var/run/screen/S-mrozekma/2386.chat", O_WRONLY|O_NONBLOCK) = 4     geteuid32()                             = 1000     getegid32()                             = 1000     fcntl64(4, F_SETFL, O_RDONLY)           = 0     geteuid32()                             = 1000     getegid32()                             = 1000     getdents(3, /* 0 entries */, 32768)     = 0     close(3)                                = 0     geteuid32()                             = 1000     getegid32()                             = 1000     setuid32(1000)                          = 0     setgid32(1000)                          = 0     stat64("/var/run/screen/S-mrozekma/2386.chat", {st_mode=S_IFIFO|0700, st_size=0, ...}) = 0     getpid()                                = 30081     write(4, "\0gsm\4\0\0\0/dev/pts/14\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 12336


Memory ussage for TCP or named pipe message buffers?

I have a group of programs that I was stress testing today. I drastically shot up the input load to the program and it worked at first, but I had an apparent memory leak sucking up memory. The only problem is that 1) `Valgrind` is insisting I don't have any leaks and 2) it only happens a high packet ingest rates. One, possible crazy, idea was that the extra memory may be going towards a message queue due to my system lacking the bandwidth to output packets as fast as they are incoming forcing increasingly large buffers of data to be transmitted. The program that is showing as hogging the memory is reading from TCP socket and writing to a named pipe. so I have three questions.   1. Can the in-memory queue for storing to-be dispatched data increase indefinately for either TCP/IP or named pipes?   2. if the queue can and did grow would it still show that My program (the one reading from TCP and outputting to the named pipe) was the memory hog, or would the memory just show as system memory?   3. is there a command I can use to check memory allocated to these queues? I'm running Centos Admitedly I don't really think this is the cause of my leak, but then again I realy can't guess what else is so I have to ask!


ksh + delete number from string

the string IP include some IP address numbers as the following example               echo ${IP[*]}          192.9.200.1 192.9.200.2 192.9.200.3      is it possible to remove some IP address number from the list ( using ksh shell ) ? for example I want to delete the IP - 192.9.200.2 from the string "IP" so I will get the following               echo ${IP[*]}          192.9.200.1 192.9.200.3


A Calendar/Scheduling application

I'm looking for a program to use as a calendar. The first observation that I would make is that Google apps would be perfect except for two things: it is online, and it is online. The first difficulty I have with Google Calendar is that because it is online I would not be able to make use of it when I'm not online. The second difficulty that I have is that because it is online, I need to use a browser to access it, which means I have to have Google Calendar open somewhere on my browser. Given the state of, well, my browsers state is not a good thing. I could use a "lesser" browser dedicated to the job ( like Konqueror or Midori ), but I'm not sure they are up to it. I could do what I do for Zap2it and tvlistings create a separate account but that would prevent any sound during an alarm. My setup is a small desktop, running Debian testing, and a laptop running Ubuntu Lucid, sometimes Vista. In the future I plan on getting a tablet running Android ( ICS ) or later. I need to sync across all these platforms. On the linux machines I am running KDE 4.whatever. I don't object to a Gnome- based ( GTK ) applications but I know there are programs in both camps which start up enough parts that it is like you are running two DE's. I would like to avoid that. As for the application itself, there are several things I'm looking for. The ability to set alarms, a daily view, a weekly view and a monthly view. I would like to group events so that I can display only some of the groups at once. Free floating events ( Events which are open-ended on time. ) would be nice. So would a more interactive GUI. ( As opposed to some application that just prints the day of the month. ) Someway to thoroughly sync across Linux, Android, and Vista. I guess if it can sync to google calendar that would take care of things. Finally a way of scripting events would also be nice, though I think if I can sync with Google Calendar, `gcalcli` would do the trick.


What to do after the LUNS are created

Our Management bought a New EMC2 VNX storage device . And a guy from vendor came to create the LUNS. I honestly have no idea how to configure the EMC SANS as i never got a chance to work on such Awesome things. Now Finally I got it. I know that Final step is to mount it as a partition . But what I need to know is what are the things involved **between creating the LUNs and mounting the storage as a partition on the server.** I searched for some good material but didnt find anything for the Newbie like me. I will mount it on Redhat 5.9 and Redhat 6.4


iconv cannot convert given characters

I just wanted to convert a txt file to UTF-8, since cat displays it correctly, but vi or gedit doesn't:               $ cat test.txt      >#     >‹     |     ||     °     ├──     └──     _     __     $ iconv -f WINDOWS-1253 -t UTF-8 test.txt      >#     >β€Ή     |     ||     Β°     β”iconv: illegal input sequence at position 18     $       **Q** : how can I convert my txt to UTF-8? iconv doesn't works.


Which version of unix from a shell?

I recently started a new job, and was told that I need to log on (Via shell) to a particular unix system. I'm trying to figure out a few peculiarities with the system, but first I need to know what version of unix it is running. I could go and find a system admin, but that's a bit of a pain, as I don't actually know who maintains the system. How can I figure out using a shell (ksh) what version of unix I am actually using?


No access to symlink folder on NTFS partition

I am using an NTFS parition for storing data I like to access both from Ubuntu and Windows 7. On my Ubuntu _HOME_ partition, I like to link the folder `Assets` in order to access it from an application running on Ubuntu. Therefore, I created the following link.               ln -s /media/data/Assets/ ~/bin/SomeJavaApp/data/assets      When I try to access the data within the application, the following error message appears.               Error message: Could not acquire data access      The NTFS parition is attached via auto mount in `/etc/fstab`. Here is the relevant configuration setting:               # Data partition auto mount.     UUID=159EBA47019D5D33 /media/data ntfs defaults,umask=007,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0      My _HOME_ partition is formatted with ext4. The application I use is written in Java. Is there something, I can do about this besides copying the files to the _HOME_ partition? * * * I also get a Java error message when I start the application from the console.               java.lang.NullPointerException: Could not acquire data access      **@Gilles** :   The output of `ls -ld /media/data /media/data/Assets ~/bin/SomeJavaApp/data/assets` is:               lrwxrwxrwx 1 jjd jjd    92 Aug  9 11:01 /home/jjd/bin/SomeJavaApp/data/assets -> /media/data/Assets/     drwxrwx--- 1 jjd jjd 28672 Aug  6 14:49 /media/data     drwxrwx--- 1 jjd jjd  4096 Aug  8 14:32 /media/data/Assets/      The path I choose in the application is: `/home/jjd/bin/SomeJavaApp/data/assets`.


Bash function not working in Zsh

I have been slowly migrating from Bash to Zsh and have got to the point where everything I have moved across is working well, with one exception. I have a couple of functions in my `.bashrc` that I use dozens of times a day and two of them do not work under Zsh. The three functions comprise a basic note taking facility. They are currently in `.config/zsh/functions`:               function n() {      local arg files=(); for arg; do files+=( ~/".notes/$arg" ); done     ${EDITOR:-vi} "${files[@]}"      }          function nls() {     tree -CR --noreport $HOME/.notes | awk '{          if (NF==1) print $1;          else if (NF==2) print $2;          else if (NF==3) printf "  %s\n", $3          }'     }          # TAB completion for notes     function _notes() {     local files=($HOME/.notes/**/"$2"*)         [[ -e ${files[0]} ]] && COMPREPLY=( "${files[@]##~/.notes/}" )     }     complete -o default -F _notes n Which I source from `.zshrc` like so:               autoload bashcompinit     bashcompinit     # source zshrc functions file     source "$HOME/.config/zsh/functions" `nls` works as expected, but neither `n` nor `Tab` completion work. I read `man zshcompsys` where it says: > The function bashcompinit provides compatibility with bash's programmable > completion system. When run it will define the functions, compgen and > complete which correspond to the bash builtins with the same names. It will > then be possible to use completion specifications and functions written for > bash. However, when I try `Tab` completion, nothing happens and when I enter `n notename`, Vim opens my `/home` in file browser mode - not quite the expected behaviour. All of the other functions defined work well. How do I migrate these functions to work under Zsh?