CentOS 5: My Postgresql server version is different with my psql client. What should I do?

I installed PostgreSQL 9.1 in CentOS 5 x86_64 VPS, with these following commands: I specified which Postgresql version I'd like to install, so I choose 9.1 because I want to equate between development and production environment:               wget http://yum.pgrpms.org/9.1/redhat/rhel-5-x86_64/pgdg-centos91-9.1-4.noarch.rpm      and then               yum install postgresql91-server      Finally               service postgresql-9.1 initdb     chkconfig postgresql-9.1 on     service postgresql-9.1 start      After I finished all that and create my database, I run `psql myfirstdb` and I got this warning:               Welcome to psql 8.1.23 (server 9.1.11), the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.          Type:  \copyright for distribution terms            \h for help with SQL commands            \? for help with psql commands            \g or terminate with semicolon to execute query            \q to quit          WARNING:  You are connected to a server with major version 9.1,     but your psql client is major version 8.1.  Some backslash commands,     such as \d, might not work properly.      So, that said that I have 9.1 server and using psql client 8.1, and some commands like `\d` is not working. How do I fix them?


How can I install file-roller for CentOS 6 to use in Gnome?

I've just started messing about with Linux and trying to figure things out as I go using tutorials. I've installed Gnome desktop and have some .rar files I would like to open. I've found `file-roller` which looks really good but I can't find any simple guides on how to install it. Would anyone be able to point me in the right direction for getting file- roller to run on my gnome desktop ?


NTP symmetric mode

I'm configuring NTP symmetric modes.   Say I have Peer A (192.168.101.1) and Peer B(192.168.101.2) and configure their `ntp.conf` as follows:               # Peer A     peer 192.168.101.2     server 127.127.1.0     fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10      For Peer B, I set both its `server` and `peer` to A.               # Peer B     peer 192.168.101.1     server 127.127.1.0     fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 14      If I set their time apart (like 10 minutes), they each will synchronize locally instead of with each other(may I should've waited longer). And I have to add A as B's server in B's `ntp.conf`:               # Peer B     peer 192.168.101.1     server 192.168.101.1     server 127.127.1.0     fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 14      Then B will synchronize its time to A quickly. This leaves me in doubt about the symmetric mode's effectiveness. Why not just set A as B's server and both of them as clients' servers? If A is down, the cluster time can still fail over to B and stay in synchronism.


IPtables command shows libipt_random.so missing

When I run a command, it shows error. I searched on net, but no one give me the correct answer. Googling shows only wrong answers for this questions. So please help me to overcome this problem. **Command**               $ sudo iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m random --average 50 -j DROP      **Error**               iptables v1.3.5: Couldn't load match `random':/lib64/iptables/libipt_random.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory          Try `iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information.      Tell me link of file or any necessary changes that I have to do , to solve this problem. Thanks in advance. Looking for your kind reply. **EDIT NO. 1** I followed the given link iptables - see random patch


How to setup RStudio Desktop verion on a CentOS 5 machine?

I have a problem of install RStudio Desktop verion on a CentOS 5 machine. Basically, RStudio Desktop needs QT4.8; however, I am not sure how to update my CentOS 5 QT4 to QT4.8. Otherwise, the Cmake can't go through.


how can I configure cups to be used from network machines with windows?

Ive been fighting with "CUPS" since many hours (too many) and I still cannot figure out whats wrong, I installed a printer on a Debian Machine, when I will add a printer I have two options "Local printers" and appear the printer that is connected (the one I want to use to print from my network) and "Other network printers", so, I thought maybe I should add local printer and I chosed my printer and I installed and all.. .and prints the tests and all... so, from windows I added my printer with the url `http://192.168.1.2/printers/myprinter` but doesnt work, I read more and I find out the IPP protocol, some use it but some use AppSocket/HP JetDirect, I am very confused, which is the way I should add this printer? do I have to add a printer in the section of network ptiners?? any idea??? I dont get the logic of add network printer, seriously(I might be dumb for this). I installed samba and I added this               <Location /printers>       Order allow,deny       Allow 192.168.0.*       Allow 192.168.1.*     </Location>      When I add printers on windows it asks for 3 options, first search (shows me computers on network, I cant choose the machine with debian, it asks me to login.. I dont know which user, its not Debian's OS , neither windows), second its "selected shared printer" I can not enter ipp:// , it only accepts http:// , and third one is printer throught TPC/IP, there I can add http:// ipp:// or socket:// but none of them are success... Thanks


are daemon tmpfs executables copied unencrypted to memory upon execution? (prevent if so?)

When a daemon is executed, is the executable copied to memory? If so, can it be copied encrypted? If not, is there a way to prevent the executable from being copied to memory? The executable is stored on an encrypted tmpfs.


RAM size and SWAP size

I want to know why the swap partition have to more double size the RAM Size ? for example if the ram installed in machine 64 G.B , the swap have to be 128 G.B ?


Differing outputs of the commands "ls .*" and "ls *."

The command                   ls .*      when run gives as output the following :   * All the files in the current directory starting with a . (hidden files)   * All the files in the hidden directories present in the current directory   * All the files in the current directory   * All the files in the parent directory Why does the command                   ls *.      not display :   * All the files in the current directory   * All the files in the parent directory Reason I am thinking so is : The regular expression *. should match both . and .. So ls should be run on both and thus the output which I am expecting should be displayed


Benefits of hyperthreading for an Oracle database

I'm running Oracle 10 on a blade450 g6. I have hyper-threading turned on but I have heard several people say that Oracle databases don't play well with it. Are there specific performance or reliability problems running an Oracle database with hyper-threading enabled?


How to select window in ratpoison without it changing frame

When you use select in ratpoison, sometimes window changes frame. I would like it to always stay in the same frame. Is there any way to achieve that ? I don't want windows jumping around. This depends on the current layout. I use standard windows.sh shell script that creates ratmenu with window list. Using command next and previous is not an option because they switch windows only in current frame ...


Simulate chroot with unshare

I am trying to write a bootstrapper for a minimal, from-source linux distribution. I would like to build in a chroot-like environment. This should simplify packaging. I do not care about security at this point. The bootstrapper should not require any non-standard third-party commands. It would be great if there is no need to be root, either. This is why fakechroot(1) fakeroot(1) chroot(1) is not exactly what I am looking for. Is it possible to fake / using unshare(1) and /bin/sh?


Can Linux PC serve as network router?

I was wondering if it is possible for Linux PC to substitute router in small networks. I'm not expert in networking so this question may be stupid, but I don't see why one should not use Linux instead of expensive Cisco routers if there are programs for Linux that can do everything router can do. So, is this even possible? If it is, what are limitations and possible bad situations this can produce? Can it be reliable?


How to disable Nouveau on Fedora 18?

I want to install the proprietary Nvidia driver. Downloaded it from here. I have the 64-bit one. However, when I try to install it, I can't because the Nouveau driver is already there. I have spend hours trying just about everything I could find to disable Nouveau, but I still can't manage to disable it. Does anybody know how to disable Nouveau in Fedora 18? **EDIT:** Ok I should have said this ago but I didn't want to bump the post so I didn't, I discovered that it's impossible to install the nvidia drivers on my computer since my computer (a MacBook) uses EFI which isn't supported by the drivers. BIOS emulation sucks so it's not possible. Sorry I didn't say this earlier and thanks everyone for trying to help me.


Same native compilation for different distributions

Can I use a native build from fedora on ubuntu? What is the difference in compilation between distributions?


Setting up CUPS and Brother Wireless Printer

I am running Fedora 18 and have CUPS and the brother printer driver and CUPS wrapper (provided by brother) installed on my machine. The printer model is the MFC-255CW. This printer works seamlessly with my Apple MacBook, but it is not working with my linux computer. I also made sure that my primary user has CUPS permissions to submit print jobs to the printer. I was able to setup the printer in CUPS, and in the admin tab when I check on the sole printer setup, the MFC225CW, I can see the following:               Description:    MFC255CW     Location:   Home     Driver: Brother MFC-255CW CUPS (color, 2-sided printing)     Connection: http://192.168.1.5     Defaults:   job-sheets=none, none media=na_letter_8.5x11in sides=one-sided      However, whenever I submit a print job or even just try to print a test page, I always get back "printer status busy". However, on the printer itself, I have no issue printing a test print page, and my MacBook has no problem printing. I suspect that the issue is either between CUPS and the printer, or perhaps my configuration of the printer? **How can I further troubleshoot and isolate what the problem is?**


Error Loading Shared Libraries when Installing Redhat Directory Server

While Installing the Red Hat Directory Server on the Red Hat Linux Server 5 (x86_64)i am getting the following error bin/slapd/server/dsktune: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory I thought may be this is the dependency problem and I have installed the rpm compat-libstdc++ from the redhat CD of x66_64 and i queried using rpm -qa | grep compat-libst* i am able to find the rpm in the installed packages. What could be the resolution for this issue ? EDIT1: I have run the following command ldconfig -v | grep libstdc > [root@redhot redhat-ds]# ldconfig -v | grep libstdc >   >   >       libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.8 >       libstdc++.so.5 -> libstdc++.so.5.0.7 >       libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.8 >   EDIT2:               [root@hadoopredhot server]# ldd -v dsktune              linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0xffffe000)             libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00489000)             libstdc++.so.5 => not found             libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x004f4000)             libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00d85000)             libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00347000)             /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x0032a000)                  Version information:             ./dsktune:                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.3) => /lib/libc.so.6                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.2) => /lib/libc.so.6                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.1) => /lib/libc.so.6                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.0) => /lib/libc.so.6             /lib/libcrypt.so.1:                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.1.3) => /lib/libc.so.6                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.0) => /lib/libc.so.6             /lib/libm.so.6:                     ld-linux.so.2 (GLIBC_PRIVATE) => /lib/ld-linux.so.2                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.1.3) => /lib/libc.so.6                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.0) => /lib/libc.so.6             /lib/libgcc_s.so.1:                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.1.3) => /lib/libc.so.6                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.2.4) => /lib/libc.so.6                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.4) => /lib/libc.so.6                     libc.so.6 (GLIBC_2.0) => /lib/libc.so.6             /lib/libc.so.6:                     ld-linux.so.2 (GLIBC_PRIVATE) => /lib/ld-linux.so.2                     ld-linux.so.2 (GLIBC_2.3) => /lib/ld-linux.so.2                     ld-linux.so.2 (GLIBC_2.1) => /lib/ld-linux.so.2      EDIT3:                    [root@hadoopredhot server]# ldconfig -v           /usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib32/libvmGuestLib.so:         libvmGuestLib.so -> libvmGuestLib.so     /usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib64/libvmGuestLib.so:         libvmGuestLib.so -> libvmGuestLib.so     /usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib32/libvmGuestLibJava.so:         libvmGuestLibJava.so -> libvmGuestLibJava.so     /usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib64/libvmGuestLibJava.so:         libvmGuestLibJava.so -> libvmGuestLibJava.so     /usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib32/libDeployPkg.so:         libDeployPkg.so -> libDeployPkg.so     /usr/lib/vmware-tools/lib64/libDeployPkg.so:         libDeployPkg.so -> libDeployPkg.so     /lib:         libSegFault.so -> libSegFault.so         libc.so.6 -> libc-2.5.so         libnss_nis.so.2 -> libnss_nis-2.5.so         libsepol.so.1 -> libsepol.so.1         libuuid.so.1 -> libuuid.so.1.2         libe2p.so.2 -> libe2p.so.2.3         libcom_err.so.2 -> libcom_err.so.2.1         libdl.so.2 -> libdl-2.5.so         libcidn.so.1 -> libcidn-2.5.so         libnss_nisplus.so.2 -> libnss_nisplus-2.5.so         libcrypt.so.1 -> libcrypt-2.5.so         libnss_ldap.so.2 -> libnss_ldap-2.5.so         libssl.so.6 -> libssl.so.0.9.8b         libaudit.so.0 -> libaudit.so.0.0.0         libm.so.6 -> libm-2.5.so         libext2fs.so.2 -> libext2fs.so.2.4         libselinux.so.1 -> libselinux.so.1         libBrokenLocale.so.1 -> libBrokenLocale-2.5.so         libgmodule-2.0.so.0 -> libgmodule-2.0.so.0.1200.3         libgcc_s.so.1 -> libgcc_s-4.1.2-20070626.so.1         libpamc.so.0 -> libpamc.so.0.81.0         libnsl.so.1 -> libnsl-2.5.so         libpam.so.0 -> libpam.so.0.81.5         libnss_db.so.2 -> libnss_db-2.2.so         libnss_hesiod.so.2 -> libnss_hesiod-2.5.so         libpthread.so.0 -> libpthread-2.5.so         libgthread-2.0.so.0 -> libgthread-2.0.so.0.1200.3         libasound.so.2 -> libasound.so.2.0.0         libss.so.2 -> libss.so.2.0         libexpat.so.0 -> libexpat.so.0.5.0         libcrypto.so.6 -> libcrypto.so.0.9.8b         libdevmapper-event.so.1.02 -> libdevmapper-event.so.1.02         libutil.so.1 -> libutil-2.5.so         libcap.so.1 -> libcap.so.1.10         libresolv.so.2 -> libresolv-2.5.so         libdevmapper.so.1.02 -> libdevmapper.so.1.02         libpam_misc.so.0 -> libpam_misc.so.0.81.2         libtermcap.so.2 -> libtermcap.so.2.0.8         libauparse.so.0 -> libauparse.so.0.0.0         libnss_dns.so.2 -> libnss_dns-2.5.so         libiw.so.28 -> libiw.so.28         libkeyutils.so.1 -> libkeyutils-1.2.so         libanl.so.1 -> libanl-2.5.so         libglib-2.0.so.0 -> libglib-2.0.so.0.1200.3         libgobject-2.0.so.0 -> libgobject-2.0.so.0.1200.3         libnss_files.so.2 -> libnss_files-2.5.so         libacl.so.1 -> libacl.so.1.1.0         libdbus-1.so.3 -> libdbus-1.so.3.2.0         libvolume_id.so.0 -> libvolume_id.so.0.66.0         libattr.so.1 -> libattr.so.1.1.0         libdb-4.3.so -> libdb-4.3.so         ld-linux.so.2 -> ld-2.5.so         librt.so.1 -> librt-2.5.so         libblkid.so.1 -> libblkid.so.1.0         libthread_db.so.1 -> libthread_db-1.0.so         libnss_compat.so.2 -> libnss_compat-2.5.so     /lib64:         libnss_winbind.so.2 -> libnss_winbind.so.2         libSegFault.so -> libSegFault.so         libproc-3.2.7.so -> libproc-3.2.7.so         libc.so.6 -> libc-2.5.so         libnss_nis.so.2 -> libnss_nis-2.5.so         libsepol.so.1 -> libsepol.so.1         libuuid.so.1 -> libuuid.so.1.2         libe2p.so.2 -> libe2p.so.2.3         libcom_err.so.2 -> libcom_err.so.2.1         libdl.so.2 -> libdl-2.5.so         libcidn.so.1 -> libcidn-2.5.so         libnss_nisplus.so.2 -> libnss_nisplus-2.5.so         libcrypt.so.1 -> libcrypt-2.5.so         libnss_ldap.so.2 -> libnss_ldap-2.5.so         libssl.so.6 -> libssl.so.0.9.8b         libaudit.so.0 -> libaudit.so.0.0.0         ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -> ld-2.5.so         libm.so.6 -> libm-2.5.so         libext2fs.so.2 -> libext2fs.so.2.4         libselinux.so.1 -> libselinux.so.1         libnss_wins.so.2 -> libnss_wins.so.2         libBrokenLocale.so.1 -> libBrokenLocale-2.5.so         libgmodule-2.0.so.0 -> libgmodule-2.0.so.0.1200.3         libgcc_s.so.1 -> libgcc_s-4.1.2-20070626.so.1         libpamc.so.0 -> libpamc.so.0.81.0         libnsl.so.1 -> libnsl-2.5.so         libpam.so.0 -> libpam.so.0.81.5         libnss_db.so.2 -> libnss_db-2.2.so         libsemanage.so.1 -> libsemanage.so.1         libnss_hesiod.so.2 -> libnss_hesiod-2.5.so         libpthread.so.0 -> libpthread-2.5.so         libgthread-2.0.so.0 -> libgthread-2.0.so.0.1200.3         libasound.so.2 -> libasound.so.2.0.0         libss.so.2 -> libss.so.2.0         libexpat.so.0 -> libexpat.so.0.5.0         libcrypto.so.6 -> libcrypto.so.0.9.8b         libpcre.so.0 -> libpcre.so.0.0.1         libdevmapper-event.so.1.02 -> libdevmapper-event.so.1.02         libutil.so.1 -> libutil-2.5.so         libcap.so.1 -> libcap.so.1.10         libresolv.so.2 -> libresolv-2.5.so         libdevmapper.so.1.02 -> libdevmapper.so.1.02         libpam_misc.so.0 -> libpam_misc.so.0.81.2         libtermcap.so.2 -> libtermcap.so.2.0.8         libauparse.so.0 -> libauparse.so.0.0.0         libnss_dns.so.2 -> libnss_dns-2.5.so         libiw.so.28 -> libiw.so.28         libdevmapper-event-lvm2mirror.so.2.02 -> libdevmapper-event-lvm2mirror.so.2.02         libkeyutils.so.1 -> libkeyutils-1.2.so         libanl.so.1 -> libanl-2.5.so         libglib-2.0.so.0 -> libglib-2.0.so.0.1200.3         libgobject-2.0.so.0 -> libgobject-2.0.so.0.1200.3         libnss_files.so.2 -> libnss_files-2.5.so         libacl.so.1 -> libacl.so.1.1.0         libdbus-1.so.3 -> libdbus-1.so.3.2.0         libvolume_id.so.0 -> libvolume_id.so.0.66.0         libattr.so.1 -> libattr.so.1.1.0         libdb-4.3.so -> libdb-4.3.so         librt.so.1 -> librt-2.5.so         libblkid.so.1 -> libblkid.so.1.0         libthread_db.so.1 -> libthread_db-1.0.so         libnss_compat.so.2 -> libnss_compat-2.5.so     /usr/lib:         libnssckbi.so -> libnssckbi.so         libgailutil.so.18 -> libgailutil.so.18.0.1         libplc4.so -> libplc4.so         libplds4.so -> libplds4.so         libaudiofile.so.0 -> libaudiofile.so.0.0.2         libform.so.5 -> libform.so.5.5         libgpg-error.so.0 -> libgpg-error.so.0.3.0         libsmime3.so -> libsmime3.so         libsoftokn3.so -> libsoftokn3.so         libesddsp.so.0 -> libesddsp.so.0.2.36         libgnutls-extra.so.13 -> libgnutls-extra.so.13.0.6         libgnutls-openssl.so.13 -> libgnutls-openssl.so.13.0.6         libgnome-keyring.so.0 -> libgnome-keyring.so.0.0.1         libnspr4.so -> libnspr4.so         libORBitCosNaming-2.so.0 -> libORBitCosNaming-2.so.0.1.0         libnss3.so -> libnss3.so         libz.so.1 -> libz.so.1.2.3         libcupsimage.so.2 -> libcupsimage.so.2         libdbus-glib-1.so.2 -> libdbus-glib-1.so.2.0.0         libkadm5clnt.so.5 -> libkadm5clnt.so.5.1         libORBit-imodule-2.so.0 -> libORBit-imodule-2.so.0.0.0         libcryptsetup.so.0 -> libcryptsetup.so.0.0.0         libegroupwise-1.2.so.12 -> libegroupwise-1.2.so.12.0.0         libfontconfig.so.1 -> libfontconfig.so.1.1.0         libmetacity-private.so.0 -> libmetacity-private.so.0.0.0         libgdk_pixbuf_xlib-2.0.so.0 -> libgdk_pixbuf_xlib-2.0.so.0.1000.4         libusb-0.1.so.4 -> libusb-0.1.so.4.4.4         libhistory.so.5 -> libhistory.so.5.1         libpspell.so.15 -> libpspell.so.15.1.3         libkdb5.so.4 -> libkdb5.so.4.0         libebook-1.2.so.9 -> libebook-1.2.so.9.0.0         libbdevid.so.5.1.19.6 -> libbdevid.so.5.1.19.6         libgcrypt.so.11 -> libgcrypt.so.11.2.2         libavahi-core.so.4 -> libavahi-core.so.4.0.5         libcamel-1.2.so.0 -> libcamel-1.2.so.0.0.0         libgstbase-0.10.so.0 -> libgstbase-0.10.so.0.8.1         libgamin-1.so.0 -> libgamin-1.so.0.1.7         libXdmcp.so.6 -> libXdmcp.so.6.0.0         libncurses.so.5 -> libncurses.so.5.5         libecal-1.2.so.7 -> libecal-1.2.so.7.0.0         libcups.so.2 -> libcups.so.2         libXft.so.2 -> libXft.so.2.1.2         libgstcontroller-0.10.so.0 -> libgstcontroller-0.10.so.0.8.1         libspi.so.0 -> libspi.so.0.10.11         libwrap.so.0 -> libwrap.so.0.7.6         libatk-1.0.so.0 -> libatk-1.0.so.0.1212.0         libeel-2.so.2 -> libeel-2.so.2.16.1         libORBit-2.so.0 -> libORBit-2.so.0.1.0         libXinerama.so.1 -> libXinerama.so.1.0.0         libXau.so.6 -> libXau.so.6.0.0         libXRes.so.1 -> libXRes.so.1.0.0         libdrm.so.2 -> libdrm.so.2.0.0         libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 -> libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0.1000.4         libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0 -> libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0.1000.4         libncursesw.so.5 -> libncursesw.so.5.5         libXtst.so.6 -> libXtst.so.6.1.0         libgnomeui-2.so.0 -> libgnomeui-2.so.0.1600.0         libkadm5srv.so.5 -> libkadm5srv.so.5.1         libGLU.so.1 -> libGLU.so.1.3.060501         libgstdataprotocol-0.10.so.0 -> libgstdataprotocol-0.10.so.0.8.1         libformw.so.5 -> libformw.so.5.5         libXext.so.6 -> libXext.so.6.4.0         libgnomecanvas-2.so.0 -> libgnomecanvas-2.so.0.1400.0         libavahi-glib.so.1 -> libavahi-glib.so.1.0.1         libgnomeprint-2-2.so.0 -> libgnomeprint-2-2.so.0.1.0         libaspell.so.15 -> libaspell.so.15.1.3         libkrb5.so.3 -> libkrb5.so.3.3         libsvrcore.so.0 -> libsvrcore.so.0.0.0         libpango-1.0.so.0 -> libpango-1.0.so.0.1400.9         libgnomeprintui-2-2.so.0 -> libgnomeprintui-2-2.so.0.1.0         libSM.so.6 -> libSM.so.6.0.0         libgssapi_krb5.so.2 -> libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2         libbz2.so.1 -> libbz2.so.1.0.3         libpanel-applet-2.so.0 -> libpanel-applet-2.so.0.2.11         libgtkhtml-3.8.so.15 -> libgtkhtml-3.8.so.15.3.9         libpangoft2-1.0.so.0 -> libpangoft2-1.0.so.0.1400.9         libparted-1.8.so.0 -> libparted-1.8.so.0.0.1         libgnome-2.so.0 -> libgnome-2.so.0.1600.0         libgstnet-0.10.so.0 -> libgstnet-0.10.so.0.8.1         libXss.so.1 -> libXss.so.1.0.0         libgnutls.so.13 -> libgnutls.so.13.0.6         libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.8         libgnome-menu.so.2 -> libgnome-menu.so.2.1.3         libGL.so.1 -> libGL.so.1.2         libcrack.so.2 -> libcrack.so.2.8.0         libpanelw.so.5 -> libpanelw.so.5.5         libgnome-desktop-2.so.2 -> libgnome-desktop-2.so.2.2.21         libxkbfile.so.1 -> libxkbfile.so.1.0.2         libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 -> libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0.1000.4         libutempter.so.0 -> libutempter.so.1.1.4         libavahi-common.so.3 -> libavahi-common.so.3.4.3         libXxf86vm.so.1 -> libXxf86vm.so.1.0.0         libXdamage.so.1 -> libXdamage.so.1.0.0         libXxf86misc.so.1 -> libXxf86misc.so.1.1.0         libxklavier.so.11 -> libxklavier.so.11.0.0         libglade-2.0.so.0 -> libglade-2.0.so.0.0.7         libusbpp-0.1.so.4 -> libusbpp-0.1.so.4.4.4         libk5crypto.so.3 -> libk5crypto.so.3.1         libhal.so.1 -> libhal.so.1.0.0         libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 -> libpangocairo-1.0.so.0.1400.9         libcairo.so.2 -> libcairo.so.2.9.2         libfreebl3.so -> libfreebl3.so         libavahi-client.so.3 -> libavahi-client.so.3.2.1         libreadline.so.5 -> libreadline.so.5.1         libpopt.so.0 -> libpopt.so.0.0.0         libtiffxx.so.3 -> libtiffxx.so.3.8.2         libldap-2.3.so.0 -> libldap-2.3.so.0.2.15         libwnck-1.so.18 -> libwnck-1.so.18.2.3         libbonoboui-2.so.0 -> libbonoboui-2.so.0.0.0         libtiff.so.3 -> libtiff.so.3.8.2         libfam.so.0 -> libfam.so.0.0.0         libckyapplet.so.1 -> libckyapplet.so.1.0.0         libkrb4.so.2 -> libkrb4.so.2.0         libgdict-1.0.so.5 -> libgdict-1.0.so.5.0.5         libgnome-mag.so.2 -> libgnome-mag.so.2.1.1         libglut.so.3 -> libglut.so.3.8.0         libXi.so.6 -> libXi.so.6.0.0         libnuma.so.1 -> libnuma.so.1         libsasl2.so.2 -> libsasl2.so.2.0.22         libedataserverui-1.2.so.8 -> libedataserverui-1.2.so.8.0.0         libgnomevfs-2.so.0 -> libgnomevfs-2.so.0.1600.2         liblber-2.3.so.0 -> liblber-2.3.so.0.2.15         libhal-storage.so.1 -> libhal-storage.so.1.0.0         libgconf-2.so.4 -> libgconf-2.so.4.1.0         libdb_cxx-4.3.so -> libdb_cxx-4.3.so         libnautilus-extension.so.1 -> libnautilus-extension.so.1.1.0         libbonobo-activation.so.4 -> libbonobo-activation.so.4.0.0         libcspi.so.0 -> libcspi.so.0.10.11         libnautilus-burn.so.4 -> libnautilus-burn.so.4.0.0         libjpeg.so.62 -> libjpeg.so.62.0.0         libXrandr.so.2 -> libXrandr.so.2.0.0         libdes425.so.3 -> libdes425.so.3.0         libIDL-2.so.0 -> libIDL-2.so.0.0.0         libedata-cal-1.2.so.6 -> libedata-cal-1.2.so.6.0.0         libpangox-1.0.so.0 -> libpangox-1.0.so.0.1400.9         libbonobo-2.so.0 -> libbonobo-2.so.0.0.0         libkrb5support.so.0 -> libkrb5support.so.0.1         libpangoxft-1.0.so.0 -> libpangoxft-1.0.so.0.1400.9         libmenu.so.5 -> libmenu.so.5.5         libXcursor.so.1 -> libXcursor.so.1.0.2         libXrender.so.1 -> libXrender.so.1.3.0         libedataserver-1.2.so.7 -> libedataserver-1.2.so.7.1.0         libstartup-notification-1.so.0 -> libstartup-notification-1.so.0.0.0         libloginhelper.so.0 -> libloginhelper.so.0.0.0         libssl3.so -> libssl3.so         libICE.so.6 -> libICE.so.6.3.0         libgssrpc.so.4 -> libgssrpc.so.4.0         libcamel-provider-1.2.so.8 -> libcamel-provider-1.2.so.8.1.0         libexchange-storage-1.2.so.2 -> libexchange-storage-1.2.so.2.0.0         libgnome-window-settings.so.1 -> libgnome-window-settings.so.1.0.0         libedata-book-1.2.so.2 -> libedata-book-1.2.so.2.3.0         libpanel.so.5 -> libpanel.so.5.5         libldap_r-2.3.so.0 -> libldap_r-2.3.so.0.2.15         libpng.so.3 -> libpng.so.3.10.0         libgstreamer-0.10.so.0 -> libgstreamer-0.10.so.0.8.1         libXt.so.6 -> libXt.so.6.0.0         libxml2.so.2 -> libxml2.so.2.6.26         libaio.so.1.0.0 -> libaio.so.1.0.0         libXevie.so.1 -> libXevie.so.1.0.0         libsoup-2.2.so.8 -> libsoup-2.2.so.8.5.0         libesd.so.0 -> libesd.so.0.2.36         libart_lgpl_2.so.2 -> libart_lgpl_2.so.2.3.17         libaio.so.1 -> libaio.so.1.0.1         libgtop-2.0.so.7 -> libgtop-2.0.so.7.0.0         libmenuw.so.5 -> libmenuw.so.5.5         libdaemon.so.0 -> libdaemon.so.0.2.4         libgpm.so.1 -> libgpm.so.1.19.0         libX11.so.6 -> libX11.so.6.2.0         libpng12.so.0 -> libpng12.so.0.10.0         libXfixes.so.3 -> libXfixes.so.3.1.0         libfreetype.so.6 -> libfreetype.so.6.3.10         libgnomecups-1.0.so.1 -> libgnomecups-1.0.so.1.0.0     /usr/lib64:         liblwres.so.9 -> liblwres.so.9.1.3         libnssckbi.so -> libnssckbi.so         libgailutil.so.18 -> libgailutil.so.18.0.1         libgsf-1.so.114 -> libgsf-1.so.114.0.1         libplc4.so -> libplc4.so         libplds4.so -> libplds4.so         libaudiofile.so.0 -> libaudiofile.so.0.0.2         libform.so.5 -> libform.so.5.5         librpmbuild-4.4.so -> librpmbuild-4.4.so         libgpg-error.so.0 -> libgpg-error.so.0.3.0         libsmime3.so -> libsmime3.so         libsoftokn3.so -> libsoftokn3.so         libssldap60.so -> libssldap60.so         libgettextsrc-0.14.6.so -> libgettextsrc-0.14.6.so         libstunnel.so -> libstunnel.so         libesddsp.so.0 -> libesddsp.so.0.2.36         libdmraid.so.1.0.0.rc13 -> libdmraid.so.1.0.0.rc13         libmagic.so.1 -> libmagic.so.1.0.0         libpoppler.so.1 -> libpoppler.so.1.0.0         libisccfg.so.1 -> libisccfg.so.1.0.6         libgnutls-extra.so.13 -> libgnutls-extra.so.13.0.6         libgnutls-openssl.so.13 -> libgnutls-openssl.so.13.0.6         libprldap60.so -> libprldap60.so         libbluetooth.so.2 -> libbluetooth.so.2.4.1         libgnome-keyring.so.0 -> libgnome-keyring.so.0.0.1         libnspr4.so -> libnspr4.so         libORBitCosNaming-2.so.0 -> libORBitCosNaming-2.so.0.1.0         libnss3.so -> libnss3.so         librpmio-4.4.so -> librpmio-4.4.so         libcdda_interface.so.0 -> libcdda_interface.so.0.9.8         libz.so.1 -> libz.so.1.2.3         libcddb-slave2.so.0 -> libcddb-slave2.so.0.0.0         libcupsimage.so.2 -> libcupsimage.so.2         libgucharmap.so.5 -> libgucharmap.so.5.0.1         libOggFLAC++.so.2 -> libOggFLAC++.so.2.0.0         libhesiod.so.0 -> libhesiod.so.0.0.0         libdbus-glib-1.so.2 -> libdbus-glib-1.so.2.0.0         libsefs.so.3 -> libsefs.so.3         libdmx.so.1 -> libdmx.so.1.0.0         libpcrecpp.so.0 -> libpcrecpp.so.0.0.0         libXpm.so.4 -> libXpm.so.4.11.0         libsysfs.so.2 -> libsysfs.so.2.0.0         libkadm5clnt.so.5 -> libkadm5clnt.so.5.1         libORBit-imodule-2.so.0 -> libORBit-imodule-2.so.0.0.0         libcryptsetup.so.0 -> libcryptsetup.so.0.0.0         libgstinterfaces-0.10.so.0 -> libgstinterfaces-0.10.so.0.6.0         libegroupwise-1.2.so.12 -> libegroupwise-1.2.so.12.0.0         libfontconfig.so.1 -> libfontconfig.so.1.1.0         libmetacity-private.so.0 -> libmetacity-private.so.0.0.0         libgdk_pixbuf_xlib-2.0.so.0 -> libgdk_pixbuf_xlib-2.0.so.0.1000.4         libusb-0.1.so.4 -> libusb-0.1.so.4.4.4         libhistory.so.5 -> libhistory.so.5.1         libelf.so.1 -> libelf-0.125.so         libgsf-gnome-1.so.114 -> libgsf-gnome-1.so.114.0.1         libpspell.so.15 -> libpspell.so.15.1.3         libkdb5.so.4 -> libkdb5.so.4.0         libebook-1.2.so.9 -> libebook-1.2.so.9.0.0         libgs.so.8 -> libgs.so.8.15         libXfontcache.so.1 -> libXfontcache.so.1.0.0         libbdevid.so.5.1.19.6 -> libbdevid.so.5.1.19.6         libtheora.so.0 -> libtheora.so.0.2.0         libgcrypt.so.11 -> libgcrypt.so.11.2.2         libavahi-core.so.4 -> libavahi-core.so.4.0.5         libcamel-1.2.so.0 -> libcamel-1.2.so.0.0.0         libgstbase-0.10.so.0 -> libgstbase-0.10.so.0.8.1         libgamin-1.so.0 -> libgamin-1.so.0.1.7         libXdmcp.so.6 -> libXdmcp.so.6.0.0         libFLAC.so.7 -> libFLAC.so.7.0.0         libuser.so.1 -> libuser.so.1.1.6         libspeex.so.1 -> libspeex.so.1.3.0         libnm-util.so.0 -> libnm-util.so.0.0.0         libgweather.so.0 -> libgweather.so.0.0.0         libncurses.so.5 -> libncurses.so.5.5         libecal-1.2.so.7 -> libecal-1.2.so.7.0.0         libcups.so.2 -> libcups.so.2         libfontenc.so.1 -> libfontenc.so.1.0.0         libXft.so.2 -> libXft.so.2.1.2         liblvm2cmd.so.2.02 -> liblvm2cmd.so.2.02         libFS.so.6 -> libFS.so.6.0.0         libgstcdda-0.10.so.0 -> libgstcdda-0.10.so.0.6.0         libgstcontroller-0.10.so.0 -> libgstcontroller-0.10.so.0.8.1         libspi.so.0 -> libspi.so.0.10.11         libwrap.so.0 -> libwrap.so.0.7.6         libatk-1.0.so.0 -> libatk-1.0.so.0.1212.0         libXaw.so.6 -> libXaw6.so.6.0.1         libldap60.so -> libldap60.so         librom1394.so.0 -> librom1394.so.0.3.0         libeel-2.so.2 -> libeel-2.so.2.16.1         libORBit-2.so.0 -> libORBit-2.so.0.1.0         libXinerama.so.1 -> libXinerama.so.1.0.0         libgdbm.so.2 -> libgdbm.so.2.0.0         libijs-0.35.so -> libijs.so         libpcreposix.so.0 -> libpcreposix.so.0.0.0         libXau.so.6 -> libXau.so.6.0.0         libXRes.so.1 -> libXRes.so.1.0.0         libvte.so.9 -> libvte.so.9.1.5         libraw1394.so.8 -> libraw1394.so.8.1.1         libdrm.so.2 -> libdrm.so.2.0.0         libexslt.so.0 -> libexslt.so.0.8.13         libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 -> libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0.1000.4         libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0 -> libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0.1000.4         libqpol.so.1 -> libqpol.so.1         libsqlite3.so.0 -> libsqlite3.so.0.8.6         libncursesw.so.5 -> libncursesw.so.5.5         libXtst.so.6 -> libXtst.so.6.1.0         libgnomeui-2.so.0 -> libgnomeui-2.so.0.1600.0         liblockdev.so.1 -> liblockdev.so.1.0.1         libkadm5srv.so.5 -> libkadm5srv.so.5.1         libXaw.so.7 -> libXaw7.so.7.0.0         libGLU.so.1 -> libGLU.so.1.3.060501         libgstdataprotocol-0.10.so.0 -> libgstdataprotocol-0.10.so.0.8.1         libopcodes-2.17.50.0.6-5.el5.so -> libopcodes-2.17.50.0.6-5.el5.so         libgtksourceview-1.0.so.0 -> libgtksourceview-1.0.so.0.0.0         libformw.so.5 -> libformw.so.5.5         libOpenIPMIposix.so.0 -> libOpenIPMIposix.so.0.0.1         libXext.so.6 -> libXext.so.6.4.0         libgphoto2.so.2 -> libgphoto2.so.2.1.1         libdv.so.4 -> libdv.so.4.0.2         libgnomecanvas-2.so.0 -> libgnomecanvas-2.so.0.1400.0         libavahi-glib.so.1 -> libavahi-glib.so.1.0.1         libgnomeprint-2-2.so.0 -> libgnomeprint-2-2.so.0.1.0         libnetsnmp.so.10 -> libnetsnmp.so.10.0.1         libaspell.so.15 -> libaspell.so.15.1.3         libldif60.so -> libldif60.so         librpmdb-4.4.so -> librpmdb-4.4.so         libkrb5.so.3 -> libkrb5.so.3.3         libstdc++.so.5 -> libstdc++.so.5.0.7         libsvrcore.so.0 -> libsvrcore.so.0.0.0         librsvg-2.so.2 -> librsvg-2.so.2.16.1         libpango-1.0.so.0 -> libpango-1.0.so.0.1400.9         libgnomeprintui-2-2.so.0 -> libgnomeprintui-2-2.so.0.1.0         libSM.so.6 -> libSM.so.6.0.0         libgssapi_krb5.so.2 -> libgssapi_krb5.so.2.2         libOpenIPMIutils.so.0 -> libOpenIPMIutils.so.0.0.1         libbz2.so.1 -> libbz2.so.1.0.3         libOpenIPMIpthread.so.0 -> libOpenIPMIpthread.so.0.0.1         libpanel-applet-2.so.0 -> libpanel-applet-2.so.0.2.11         libbfd-2.17.50.0.6-5.el5.so -> libbfd-2.17.50.0.6-5.el5.so         liblftp-jobs.so.0 -> liblftp-jobs.so.0.0.0         libslang.so.2 -> libslang.so.2.0.6         libgtkhtml-3.8.so.15 -> libgtkhtml-3.8.so.15.3.9         libpangoft2-1.0.so.0 -> libpangoft2-1.0.so.0.1400.9         libostyle.so.0 -> libostyle.so.0.0.1         libparted-1.8.so.0 -> libparted-1.8.so.0.0.1         libgnome-2.so.0 -> libgnome-2.so.0.1600.0         libscrollkeeper.so.0 -> libscrollkeeper.so.0.0.0         libI810XvMC.so.1 -> libI810XvMC.so.1.0.0         libnetsnmptrapd.so.10 -> libnetsnmptrapd.so.10.0.1         librpcsecgss.so.2 -> librpcsecgss.so.2.0.1         libgstnet-0.10.so.0 -> libgstnet-0.10.so.0.8.1         libXfont.so.1 -> libXfont.so.1.4.1         librpm-4.4.so -> librpm-4.4.so         libXss.so.1 -> libXss.so.1.0.0         libgnutls.so.13 -> libgnutls.so.13.0.6         libOpenIPMI.so.0 -> libOpenIPMI.so.0.0.5         libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.8         libisc.so.11 -> libisc.so.11.1.1         libFLAC++.so.5 -> libFLAC++.so.5.0.0         libgstaudio-0.10.so.0 -> libgstaudio-0.10.so.0.6.0         libgnome-menu.so.2 -> libgnome-menu.so.2.1.3         libGL.so.1 -> libGL.so.1.2         libvorbisfile.so.3 -> libvorbisfile.so.3.1.1         libcrack.so.2 -> libcrack.so.2.8.0         libbeecrypt.so.6 -> libbeecrypt.so.6.4.0         libpanelw.so.5 -> libpanelw.so.5.5         libnotify.so.1 -> libnotify.so.1.1.0         libdns.so.22 -> libdns.so.22.0.1         libbind9.so.0 -> libbind9.so.0.0.8         libgnome-desktop-2.so.2 -> libgnome-desktop-2.so.2.2.21         libxkbfile.so.1 -> libxkbfile.so.1.0.2         libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0 -> libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0.1000.4         libutempter.so.0 -> libutempter.so.1.1.4         libpython2.4.so.1.0 -> libpython2.4.so.1.0         libavahi-common.so.3 -> libavahi-common.so.3.4.3         libXxf86vm.so.1 -> libXxf86vm.so.1.0.0         libXv.so.1 -> libXv.so.1.0.0         libXdamage.so.1 -> libXdamage.so.1.0.0         libOpenIPMIui.so.1 -> libOpenIPMIui.so.1.0.1         libXxf86misc.so.1 -> libXxf86misc.so.1.1.0         libxklavier.so.11 -> libxklavier.so.11.0.0         libglade-2.0.so.0 -> libglade-2.0.so.0.0.7         libxslt.so.1 -> libxslt.so.1.1.17         libusbpp-0.1.so.4 -> libusbpp-0.1.so.4.4.4         libk5crypto.so.3 -> libk5crypto.so.3.1         libtcl8.4.so -> libtcl8.4.so         libhal.so.1 -> libhal.so.1.0.0         libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 -> libpangocairo-1.0.so.0.1400.9         libpoldiff.so.1 -> libpoldiff.so.1         libcairo.so.2 -> libcairo.so.2.9.2         liblftp-tasks.so.0 -> liblftp-tasks.so.0.0.0         libogg.so.0 -> libogg.so.0.5.3         libgssapi.so.2 -> libgssapi.so.2.0.0         libXmuu.so.1 -> libXmuu.so.1.0.0         libfreebl3.so -> libfreebl3.so         libsnmp.so.10 -> libsnmp.so.10.0.1         libavahi-client.so.3 -> libavahi-client.so.3.2.1         libreadline.so.5 -> libreadline.so.5.1         libpopt.so.0 -> libpopt.so.0.0.0         libtiffxx.so.3 -> libtiffxx.so.3.8.2         libldap-2.3.so.0 -> libldap-2.3.so.0.2.15         libXxf86dga.so.1 -> libXxf86dga.so.1.0.0         libwnck-1.so.18 -> libwnck-1.so.18.2.3         libbonoboui-2.so.0 -> libbonoboui-2.so.0.0.0         libospgrove.so.0 -> libospgrove.so.0.0.1         libtiff.so.3 -> libtiff.so.3.8.2         libbrlapi.so.0.4 -> libbrlapi.so.0.4.1         libviaXvMCPro.so.1 -> libviaXvMCPro.so.1.0.0         libfam.so.0 -> libfam.so.0.0.0         libgnomespeech.so.7 -> libgnomespeech.so.7.0.1         libckyapplet.so.1 -> libckyapplet.so.1.0.0         libwacomcfg.so.0 -> libwacomcfg.so.0.0.1         libIPMIlanserv.so.0 -> libIPMIlanserv.so.0.0.1         libkrb4.so.2 -> libkrb4.so.2.0         libgdict-1.0.so.5 -> libgdict-1.0.so.5.0.5         libgsttag-0.10.so.0 -> libgsttag-0.10.so.0.6.0         libOggFLAC.so.3 -> libOggFLAC.so.3.0.0         libidn.so.11 -> libidn.so.11.5.19         libgnome-mag.so.2 -> libgnome-mag.so.2.1.1         libnewt.so.0.52 -> libnewt.so.0.52.1         libglut.so.3 -> libglut.so.3.8.0         libXi.so.6 -> libXi.so.6.0.0         libnuma.so.1 -> libnuma.so.1         libsasl2.so.2 -> libsasl2.so.2.0.22         libsmbclient.so.0 -> libsmbclient.so         libedataserverui-1.2.so.8 -> libedataserverui-1.2.so.8.0.0         libgnomevfs-2.so.0 -> libgnomevfs-2.so.0.1600.2         libogrove.so.0 -> libogrove.so.0.0.1         liblber-2.3.so.0 -> liblber-2.3.so.0.2.15         libhal-storage.so.1 -> libhal-storage.so.1.0.0         libgstnetbuffer-0.10.so.0 -> libgstnetbuffer-0.10.so.0.6.0         libgnome-media-profiles.so.0 -> libgnome-media-profiles.so.0.0.0         libgconf-2.so.4 -> libgconf-2.so.4.1.0         libgstvideo-0.10.so.0 -> libgstvideo-0.10.so.0.6.0         libvorbisenc.so.2 -> libvorbisenc.so.2.0.2         libdb_cxx-4.3.so -> libdb_cxx-4.3.so         libnautilus-extension.so.1 -> libnautilus-extension.so.1.1.0         libhugetlbfs.so -> libhugetlbfs.so         libiec61883.so.0 -> libiec61883.so.0.0.0         libnm_glib.so.0 -> libnm_glib.so.0.0.0         libbonobo-activation.so.4 -> libbonobo-activation.so.4.0.0         libcspi.so.0 -> libcspi.so.0.10.11         libevent-1.1a.so.1 -> libevent-1.1a.so.1.0.2         libnautilus-burn.so.4 -> libnautilus-burn.so.4.0.0         libbind.so.4 -> libbind.so.4.0.5         libjpeg.so.62 -> libjpeg.so.62.0.0         libavc1394.so.0 -> libavc1394.so.0.3.0         libXrandr.so.2 -> libXrandr.so.2.0.0         libcdda_paranoia.so.0 -> libcdda_paranoia.so.0.9.8         libpoppler-glib.so.1 -> libpoppler-glib.so.1.0.0         libisccc.so.0 -> libisccc.so.0.2.2         libdes425.so.3 -> libdes425.so.3.0         libIDL-2.so.0 -> libIDL-2.so.0.0.0         libedata-cal-1.2.so.6 -> libedata-cal-1.2.so.6.0.0         libpangox-1.0.so.0 -> libpangox-1.0.so.0.1400.9         libcroco-0.6.so.3 -> libcroco-0.6.so.3.0.1         libbonobo-2.so.0 -> libbonobo-2.so.0.0.0         libpcap.so.0.9.4 -> libpcap.so.0.9.4         libkrb5support.so.0 -> libkrb5support.so.0.1         libapol.so.3 -> libapol.so.3         libpangoxft-1.0.so.0 -> libpangoxft-1.0.so.0.1400.9         libgphoto2_port.so.0 -> libgphoto2_port.so.0.6.1         libnetsnmpagent.so.10 -> libnetsnmpagent.so.10.0.1         libcurl.so.3 -> libcurl.so.3.0.0         libmenu.so.5 -> libmenu.so.5.5         libXcursor.so.1 -> libXcursor.so.1.0.2         libXrender.so.1 -> libXrender.so.1.3.0         libgettextlib-0.14.6.so -> libgettextlib-0.14.6.so         libedataserver-1.2.so.7 -> libedataserver-1.2.so.7.1.0         libstartup-notification-1.so.0 -> libstartup-notification-1.so.0.0.0         libloginhelper.so.0 -> libloginhelper.so.0.0.0         libssl3.so -> libssl3.so         libICE.so.6 -> libICE.so.6.3.0         libgssrpc.so.4 -> libgssrpc.so.4.0         libcamel-provider-1.2.so.8 -> libcamel-provider-1.2.so.8.1.0         libexchange-storage-1.2.so.2 -> libexchange-storage-1.2.so.2.0.0         libXmu.so.6 -> libXmu.so.6.2.0         libgnome-window-settings.so.1 -> libgnome-window-settings.so.1.0.0         libnetsnmpmibs.so.10 -> libnetsnmpmibs.so.10.0.1         libedata-book-1.2.so.2 -> libedata-book-1.2.so.2.3.0         libpanel.so.5 -> libpanel.so.5.5         libOpenIPMIcmdlang.so.0 -> libOpenIPMIcmdlang.so.0.0.5         libldap_r-2.3.so.0 -> libldap_r-2.3.so.0.2.15         libnfsidmap.so.0 -> libnfsidmap.so.0.2.0         libviaXvMC.so.1 -> libviaXvMC.so.1.0.0         libpng.so.3 -> libpng.so.3.10.0         libgstreamer-0.10.so.0 -> libgstreamer-0.10.so.0.8.1         libvorbis.so.0 -> libvorbis.so.0.3.1         libosp.so.5 -> libosp.so.5.0.0         libXt.so.6 -> libXt.so.6.0.0         libpcsclite.so.1 -> libpcsclite.so.1.0.0         libxml2.so.2 -> libxml2.so.2.6.26         libaio.so.1.0.0 -> libaio.so.1.0.0         libXevie.so.1 -> libXevie.so.1.0.0         libsoup-2.2.so.8 -> libsoup-2.2.so.8.5.0         libexif.so.12 -> libexif.so.12.0.1         libesd.so.0 -> libesd.so.0.2.36         libgstriff-0.10.so.0 -> libgstriff-0.10.so.0.6.0         libart_lgpl_2.so.2 -> libart_lgpl_2.so.2.3.17         libaio.so.1 -> libaio.so.1.0.1         libgstrtp-0.10.so.0 -> libgstrtp-0.10.so.0.6.0         libgtop-2.0.so.7 -> libgtop-2.0.so.7.0.0         libmenuw.so.5 -> libmenuw.so.5.5         libOpenIPMIglib.so.0 -> libOpenIPMIglib.so.0.0.1         libdaemon.so.0 -> libdaemon.so.0.2.4         liboil-0.3.so.0 -> liboil-0.3.so.0.1.0         libgpm.so.1 -> libgpm.so.1.19.0         libX11.so.6 -> libX11.so.6.2.0         libpng12.so.0 -> libpng12.so.0.10.0         libXfixes.so.3 -> libXfixes.so.3.1.0         libfreetype.so.6 -> libfreetype.so.6.3.10         libXTrap.so.6 -> libXTrap.so.6.4.0         libnl.so.1 -> libnl.so.1.0-pre5         libnetsnmphelpers.so.10 -> libnetsnmphelpers.so.10.0.1         libgnomecups-1.0.so.1 -> libgnomecups-1.0.so.1.0.0     /lib/i686: (hwcap: 0x0008000000000000)     /lib64/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)     /usr/lib64/sse2: (hwcap: 0x0000000004000000)     /usr/lib64/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)                > [root@hadoopredhot server]# cat /etc/redhat-release > > Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.1 (Tikanga) Where i can download this shared library ?


What is the best way to do GUI development on a server machine?

This is a server at home. I have 3 computers running Linux and they are all servers running dedicated tasks like MySQL/Samba, Web Server and DNS/DHCP. Is it be a good idea to host a virtual machine and do the development on it? Can the VM handle GUI, if possible a different GUI? One of the computers is powerful enough to handle virtual machines. Other two are old discards. I won't be able to dual boot any of the servers though.


What's a good app for blogging?

A friend of mine recently converted from Windows to Linux and has been looking for a good app to replace Windows Livewriter. From talking to him it sounds like handling images is the main feature he is looking for. Are there any good apps for this? Switching blog engines isn't really an option for him, so it needs to be a standalone app or a web app that generates html that he could cut and paste. I myself use Markdown, but please no 'just write html', 'just write markdown', 'just write xml and use a custom xslt transform' type answers. EDIT: I realized I've probably been a bit too restrictive in answer choices here. Please give your suggestions for a solution. Regardless of whether they meet my friends particular needs, they might meet someone else's needs.


How to remove Ctrl-M from files where dos2unix, perl, tr, and sed are not present?

Suppose you are working on a very old unix server where `dos2unix`, `perl`, `tr`, and `sed` are not present. How can you convert files from _dos_ to _unix_ format?


How to track down memory spikes?

I have an app running on rackspace cloud (ubuntu 10.04). For some reason, over the last 3 nights, the memory has been spiking and then leveling off for about 7 hours before eventually falling off. It seems to start at midnight and last through 7 am (ignore the times on the chart -- they're off by 4 hours). ![alt text](http://imgur.com/9opY4.png) Looking through Munin chart, there doesn't seem to be any increased activity in mysql, and the ethernet traffic doesn't seem to be spiking at all during that time (which would seem to negate something like a bot or crawler). Which tools are available for linux to troubleshoot something like this?


How does one open a new window from the shell with a specific size and position?

For example, say I wanted to start gnome-terminal with it's northwest corner at 0,0, and make the window 736x434 pixels (apparently the default, which allows for an an 80-character by 24-character terminal window). I'm not sure how much of this matters, but I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 with GNOME 3, and whatever versions of Xorg and the window manager (metacity? compiz?) come with that distro.


Is there a way to tell the system to keep a folder to reside in memory?

I'm developing a Java EE web application and I'm trying to speed up the testing process. To do so I was wondering if there is a way to tell the system to keep my build folder in system memory?


What unix certifications are available? Are there any self-taught?

I have a friend who is a Red Hat Certified Engineer. I also know there is the Linux Professionals Institute LPIC-1, 2, & 3. Are there other popular ones? How do I pick one to start with?


Inserting a nat solution into a network while it's not the gateway

I have tried this a few different ways. Currently trying with pf on freebsd 8.2 I am trying to insert a nat solution into an existing network that will redirect traffic from an outside ip address to an inside ip address on all ports (static nat) but I also want to translate the source address. Current network.               hosta     192.168.1.2/24           gw     192.168.1.1/24          outsidehost     10.0.0.1/24           natbox     em0 192.168.1.3/24 (used to manage the box)     em1 10.0.0.2/24 (outside address same lan as outsidehost)     em0_alias0 192.168.1.4/24 (inside address same lan as hosta)     route 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1     route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1      I want outsidehost to be able to telnet to 192.168.1.3 by telneting(sp) to 10.0.0.2 For this to work I assume I will have to change the source of the packet as it leaves em0 or it will get lost on the way back to em1. So the flow goes like this:   * from outsidehost telnet 10.0.0.2   * change source address to 192.168.1.4    * redirect traffic for 10.0.0.2 to 192.168.1.2   * the packet leaves with src 192.168.1.4 goes to 192.168.1.2 then gets sent back to 192.168.1.4 translates back to whatever the source addy was in this case 10.0.0.1  I keep thinking this can be done with binat and rdr but I can't figure out the syntax. How can I get this done?


How do I install software on Fedora 13?

I installed Fedora 13, but it doesn't come with a lot of software I want -- office tools, productivity, GUI environments, MySQL, and Kamailio. How do I get all this stuff onto my Fedora install?


Read first line of a command's output. Command connects me to a remote terminal

## Part 1 Say I have a command `my_command` that outputs multiple lines. I would like to capture the first line of `my_command`'s output as soon as it's ready in a script, while keeping `my_command` running. I thought something like this would work:               # Get a code that `my_command` prints in its first line     parsed_first_line=`my_command | grep -oEe '[0-9]+'`      echo 'Here is the first line ' $parsed_first_line      but it doesn't. The echo statement is only reached only once `my_command` has fully finished, which is not what I want. ## Part 2 Getting into more details: Imagine `my_command` is actually a command that connects my shell to a remote shell. Would this change in any way our solution to **Part 1**? In case the details matter, `my_command` is actually a one-line command: `bsub /bin/zsh`. This is a `Platform LSF` command that submits a job from a login machine (an interactive zsh shell in our case) to a remote grid. Once the submited job gets an open slot on the grid, LSF dispatches it, giving me an interactive shell on the remote machine. The first thing `bsub` does is output the `job ID` of my job on the remote queue (this is what I hope to parse in my script), and then once a slot is open, it dispatches my job. I'm wondering if a trivial solution to **Part 1** would work for **Part 2**


Reverse ssh-agent forwarding and unlocking remote keys with your local keys

So the following two things should both be possible to do with ssh the question is just how difficult they would be and I'm hoping someone can give me an easy answer. 1) Suppose I have several machines A,B,C that I use (locally) and consider trustworthy (we assume that no port/memory monitoring occurs while I'm connected to either host) and enable mutual passwordless login between them. Using A,B,C I want to be able to access a host of other machines E_1...E_n,F_1..F_n,G_1...G_n using ssh keys from any of these hosts but I don't want to add the keys for all 3 hosts to all the workstations. For instance E_1..E_n might be servers at work and while I can add my workstation key to those computers they don't want the key from my home environment similarly F_1..F_n might be my home network and I know that a trusted colleague with an appreciation of pranks has access to my work keys and C might be a work laptop which needs passwordless access to G_1...G_n for time critical tasks but my employer wants to be sure that he can block any access to high security machines E_1...E_n by shutting down my workstation. ssh-agent forwarding allows me to connect to any of E...G securely by going through the two other `trusted' intermediaries. If I only had one trusted intermediary I could even make it _look_ transparent but with two intermediaries I have to specify one for each destination and the whole thing starts getting complicated if there are lots of names. Is there an easy way to reverse forward an ssh-connection so that at A,B or C I can ssh into the other two machines and forward those connections back through my machine so I can directly login to any of my destinations (but without ever copying the other two keys to my current box letting my employer feel in control and keeping the prankster from ever having an _unlocked_ key of mine he can use to cause trouble.)? I'm guessing that if I ran keychain and then created a shell script that ran a reverse ssh connection back to my location when I logged in via ssh might work since keychain would see those agent connections and inherit them letting me at another terminal pass authentication back to the remote machines. It's not obvious how to do this, however, since you don't want infinite recursion nor force me to keep the local key forwarded to both remote machines (i.e. if the prankster becomes root on my workstation he shouldn't have a socket he can hijack to use my home key to have fun). Any ideas? * * * Also, it occurs to me there is no reason I should have to enter a password to unlock ssh keys on my trusted remote systems. After all possessing any of the secret keys in question should be enough to convince the remote system to safely unlock it's private keys _WITHOUT_ ever handing the unlocked keys to any remote system. Theoretically, I should be able to create 3 versions of each of my private keys. One for local use, and one that each remote machine can _help_ unlock. In particular, one could leave these private keys without a password but encrypt them first with a secret kept locally and then with a private key beloning to one of the remote trusted systems. The setup could then decrypt that private key by passing it to the remote trusted system who would remove the first layer of encryption and pass it back and the recieving machine would use it's local secret to finish decrypting the key. What I want to know is if this theoretical solution has been implemented in practice?


How to add a virtualhost of a domain other than default folder?

I have a server (OS is CentOS) which has Apache. My default folder is `/var/www/html/`. When I add my domain this folder it works. But when I do this in httpd.conf               <VirtualHost *:80>         ServerAdmin webmaster@mydomain.com         DocumentRoot /space/www/htdocs              <Directory /space/www/htdocs>             Options Indexes FollowSymLinks             AllowOverride None             Order allow,deny             Allow from all         </Directory>              ServerName mydomain.com         ServerAlias www.mydomain.com         ErrorLog logs/mydomain.com-error_log         CustomLog logs/mydomain.com-access_log common     </VirtualHost>      403 happens. What should I do?


using export in .bashrc

I have noticed in my `.bashrc`, that some lines have `export` in front, such as               export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%b-%d  %H:%M  "     ...     export MYSQL_HISTFILE="/root/.mysql_history"      whereas other have not, such as                HISTSIZE=100000      I am wondering, first if this is correct, and second what is the rule for using `export` in `.bashrc`.


Mount compressed tar file and update it

How do I mount a .tar.gz file, update it (add new files, edit files), and then unmount it such that changes are reflected in the original compressed file? I'm open to other compression formats if no tools exist to do this for gzipped tar files. I've tried archivemount, but this mounts .tar.gz files in read-only mode.


What's the difference between a kernel oops and a kernel panic?

I know what a kernel panic is, but I've also seen the term "kernel oops". I'd always thought they were the same, but maybe not. So: What is a kernel oops, and how is it different from a kernel panic?


Is it possible to use a 4th gen ipod shuffle in linux?

I've used all the various applications out there to try and get my iPod shuffle (4th gen) to work on its own. I've got it playing tunes through VLC player and Music Player but when I try and play direct from the pod I get the dreaded 'please connect to iTunes' message. Gnupod seems to have got the closest to doing the whole thing for me so here's what I've done (numerous times):   1. Formatted the ipod to fat32   2. run `gnupod_INIT -m /media/IPOD`   3. Added a test track with `gnupod_addsong`   4. run `mktunes` (with volume +40 in case the tune was playing but silent)   5. `umount /media/IPOD`   6. `sudo eject /dev/sdc1` (shuffle light goes green)   7. Disconnect shuffle from computer   8. Try iPod stand alone and get no tunes but hear 'use iTunes to sync iPod'   9. Consider ending it all... The really annoying thing is that all the messages coming out from gnupod are of success, with one warning about the mount being case sensitive. I've also run `\--fixit` (but there's nothing to fix) and `tunes2pod` (but it's all up to date). When the `gnupod_INIT` is run it creates numerous folders within the music folder. Is this right? Even a shuffle needs these folders? I think they are named F00 to F18 or something. Please, someone, how can I get this to work? I feel it can be done and I'm so close. Thanks in advance.


Restrict bandwidth with DD-WRT

I have DD-WRT installed on my router and I would like to be able to restrict the bandwidth both up and down on a certain IP or Mac address. I am happy to get my hands dirty and use console. I am sure that iptables can do this? If so could someone show me a quick example?


Can I get correct $PATH when executing sudo -u db2inst -sh "db2"?

I need to run `sudo -u db2inst1 sh -c "db2 connect to db; db2 set schema Edumate; db2 \"select * from edumate_settings\""` but I don't want to specify absolute path to db2 If I run `sudo -u db2inst1 sh -c "id;$PATH;ls /opt/ibm/db2/V9.7/bin/db2"` I get correct $PATH where `/opt/ibm/db2/V9.7/bin/` is present               uid=1002(db2inst1) gid=107(db2iadm1) groups=16(dialout),33(video),107(db2iadm1),108(db2fadm1),1001(eduserver)     sh: /sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/root/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/games:/usr/lib64/jvm/jre/bin:/usr/lib/mit/bin:/usr/lib/mit/sbin:/opt/firebird/bin:/opt/ibm/db2/V9.7/bin/:/opt/eduserver/bin: No such file or directory     /opt/ibm/db2/V9.7/bin/db2      But if I run `sudo -u db2inst1 sh -c "db2"` I get `sh: db2: command not found` If I use the absolute path (I don't want to use absolute path in case it gets changed) I get db2 prompt. Any suggestion how to call only `db2` in this command `sudo -u db2inst1 sh -c "db2 connect to db; db2 set schema Edumate; db2 \"select * from edumate_settings\""`


Split large txt file into certain small file

I have a txt file which is formatted as 250,000 * 3600 (3600 rows and 250,000 column) I am going to split it into 3600 small txt which each file is 250,000 * 1. I understand the split can basically split large file into small ones with certain size. If I followed the same technique, I would get the same size of files but each file can be either 249,999 * 1 or 250,001 *1. Can anyone help me on this?


End sox recording once silence is detected

I'm writing a script that uses sox to record me talking. Now I need sox to wait until it detects sound before it begins recording, and I do have that figured out. But I also need sox to **exit** once there has been silence for at least 3 seconds. As it is now, I have to manually kill sox once I finish talking, otherwise sox just waits again until I talk some more, appending to the output file (That's not what I want). Here is the command for recording I am using now:               rec /tmp/recording.flac rate 32k silence 1 0.1 3% -1 3.0 3%      Again, just to be clear, Sox should wait until I start talking, and then record until I stop talking, then the sox program should quit.


how to remove all double quotes from csv except specific field

I want to remove all double quotes from my csv but not the fourth field (because the four fields represent PATH of file) Please advice how to implement this by **sed** or **awk** or **perl one liner** , etc What I know for now is to use simple sed command as:                  sed s"/\"//g"  file.csv  | sed 's/ //g'      but this command no so elegant and also work on the fourth field ( fourth field should not be edit ) **Remark - need also to delete empty spaces between quotes to near character** Example ( file csv before )               "24  ","COsc   ","LINUX","/VP/Ame/AR/Celts/COf","  fbsutamante ",fbu2012,"kkk","&^#$@J  ",,,,,     25,COsc,LINUX,"/VP/Ame/AR/Celts/COf","fbsutamante ",fbu2012,"iiii ","   *****",,,,,      Example ( file csv after after )               24,COsc,LINUX,"/VP/Ame/AR HR/Ce   lts/COf",fbsutamante,fbu2012,kkk,&^#$@J,,,,,     25,COsc,LINUX,"/VP/Ame/AR HR/Ce   lts/COf",fbsutamante,fbu2012,iiii,*****,,,,,


How should I populate my new program to Debian repository?

I want some of my programs to be in standard Debian repository to be available for users of Debian/Ubuntu, first in Sid, then, if eveything will be OK, eventually available for just `apt-get install`. I included `debian/*` files for `debuild`, created custom repostiory with this package, tested on some archs and filed an ITP request to debian issue tracker. No non-automatic replies was given for the ITP hovewer... What am I doing wrong? How should I make my program available for installation from central repository? Or I shouldn't try getting there unless there are many users or my program?


Best distro for using Google Docs on old computer

I've got an old computer that had XP on it. It's got an AMD Athlon 1.1 GHz processor, 1 GB of PC133 RAM, a 20GB IDE hard drive, a Belkin wireless card with the RT2560 chipset, and an NVidia TNT2 graphics card. What is the best Linux distribution given that my only goal is to use Google Doc's word processor for document that are several hundred pages of plain text? I tried Ubuntu 12.04 and found everything ran very slowly and that I couldn't get the wireless card to work with my WPA2 network with a hidden SSID. (It repeatedly asked me for my password.) I thought the slowness might be due to problems with the nouveau drier. I tried following some instructions on various sites to get both to work, but I've given up. None of the instructions seem to work. All I want to do is use Google Docs. I do a lot of writing and have been using Google Docs, though I work as a software engineer. If the answer is "Ubuntu should work just fine", I'll head over to their stack exchange site and start asking questions.


Create adhoc network when disconnected from network

I am using ArchLinux and want to create an AdHoc network automatically when the connection to the home network drops (or the home network can't be connected to on startup). How can I achieve this? I found this on the internet what would resolve the problem on startup but not when the network is disconnected from:               # RPi Network Conf Bootstrapper          createAdHocNetwork(){         echo "Creating ad-hoc network"         ifconfig wlan0 down         iwconfig wlan0 mode ad-hoc         iwconfig wlan0 key aaaaa11111 #WEP key         iwconfig wlan0 essid RPi      #SSID         ifconfig wlan0 10.0.0.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 up         /usr/sbin/dhcpd wlan0         echo "Ad-hoc network created"     }          echo "================================="     echo "RPi Network Conf Bootstrapper 0.1"     echo "================================="     echo "Scanning for known WiFi networks"     ssids=( 'MyWlan' 'MyOtherWlan' )     connected=false     for ssid in "${ssids[@]}"     do         if iwlist wlan0 scan | grep $ssid > /dev/null         then             echo "First WiFi in range has SSID:" $ssid             echo "Starting supplicant for WPA/WPA2"             wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf     > /dev/null 2>&1             echo "Obtaining IP from DHCP"             if dhclient -1 wlan0             then                 echo "Connected to WiFi"                 connected=true                 break             else                 echo "DHCP server did not respond with an IP lease (DHCPOFFER)"                 wpa_cli terminate                 break            fi         else             echo "Not in range, WiFi with SSID:" $ssid         fi     done          if ! $connected; then         createAdHocNetwork     fi          exit 0      `wicd` on the other side provides (pre/post)(dis)connect scripts but I have no idea for the startup


In shell script, execute a command only if the source is newer than the target

I'm looking for a simplified version of this:               dep=0     if [ ! -e targetfile ]     then         dep=1     elif [ targetfile -nt sourcefile ]     then         dep=1     fi     if [ $dep -eq 0 ]     then         echo "Already up to date"         exit 0     fi      It seems like there should be a command that tests for the existence and the age of the source file in a single statement. Unfortunately `-nt` fails in bash if the target file doesn't exist at all. I also need it to be compatible with `bash` and `dash` (which is why I'm not currently using `&&`).


RPM subpackage name

Is it possible to make a subpackage without the inherited prefix from the master package? I have a project that has a single install and need to split this into multiple packages, but the subpackages seem to inherit the name from the master package in the form of "package_name-subpackage_name".


Change zathuras display mode to single page only

I recently switched from Debian to Arch. Now I have a newer version of zathura, which displays the pages continuously. For poppler as well as mupdf. I need the discrete display mode. Is this fixed now? I cant find an option to change this behaviour. Greets


Turning off splitting lines in vim

One of the most annoying features of vim is splitting lines. For some reasons someone found it would be good to split lines even in whitespace sensitive formats. For example changing:               echo very-long-string > file      to               echo     very-long-string     > file      How to turn it off? **Edit** : It is not visual wrap - it is wrapped in file (i.e. vim inserts \n in file if it considers line too long). Wrapping long lines is sane and while one may want to turn of I can live without it.


How do I find out which RPM was used to install PHP?

I have PHP installed on a server and I'd like to know which RPM it was build off of (`webtatic` or `remi`). How do I find this out. Also, how would I find out if and when that changed?


Convert old /home from ext3 to ext4

I have an old `/home` partition, that dates back to former linux systems, and it is still in ext3 format. Whereas the rest of my system, `/` and some other mounted point are devices formated in ext4. I have grasped some sites on the net that describes how to convert an ext3 partition to an ext4. In this UL.SE question Can I convert an ext3 partition into ext4 without formatting?, there are also warnings recommending backup of the data before convertion... if ever... So I wonder if is generally a good idea to convert an existing ext3 partition to ext4. I know it's possible, I know there is a little risk that need a back up if ever. Are there enough benefits such that I **should** do it ?


Restricted ssh remote execution with arguments

I need to enable remote execution of a shell script on a server, but deny all other access. The script is a toggle that accepts a single parameter (on/off/status). This comes close to answering my question, but while it works to run scripts remotely, I still can't pass arguments. Is there a way to do this without making a new shell account for each possible argument? Basically, I want to be able to run on my remote server:               myclient$ ssh remotecontrol@myserver on     myclient$ ssh remotecontrol@myserver off     myclient$ ssh remotecontrol@myserver status      And have this correspond to:               myserver$ ./myscript.sh on     myserver$ ./myscript.sh off     myserver$ ./myscript.sh status      Arcege's response in the linked article could do this, but it doesn't work as a one-liner in a shell script. * * * **SOLUTION DETAILS:**               # useradd -Urms /home/remotecontrol/shell.sh remotecontrol      Added the following line to `~remotecontrol/.ssh/authorized_keys` to disable remote login:               no-port-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa [...public key...] remoteuser@remotehost      Added the following shell script as `~remotecontrol/shell.sh`:               #!/usr/bin/env bash     case "$2" in         on)             echo 'Command: on'             ;;         off)             echo 'Command: off'             ;;         status)             echo 'Command: status'             ;;         *)             echo 'Invalid command'             ;;     esac


NAND flash memory wear & virtual memory page swap

For a linux kernel with virtual memory and disk storage, pages are swapped back and forth into swap area. But embedded systems generally use NAND flash instead of disk. A NAND flash has a limited number of writes allowed, as guaranteed by its manufacturer (although the limit is high in most cases). How the wear out in this page swapping case is handled in kernel ? Or the Linux based embedded systems generally turn off the virtual memory page swap to avoid NAND flash wear and tear ?


My Firefox shortens names of the files I download

My Firefox automatically shortens the names of the files I download. For example, `231546798_20110608.pdf` becomes `2315.pdf`. I later realized that it may relate to the long name of the path into which I try to download the file. The path is ridiculously long: `/windows-d/academic discipline/study objects/areas/human aspects/social sciences/communication/ways of communication/way of spread, ie electronic media and communication/application/telephone communication/examples/cell phone/me/verizon/bill/` I then build a directory named `haha`under the above long path. Note that `haha` is exactly as long as the name of the shortened file name (extension `pdf` is excluded) . It turns out that Firefox doesn't download the file into directory `haha`, although I specify it to. But I can download the file to other directory with much shorter path name, and have no problem with copying the file into `haha`. I wonder how to explain the strange behaviour of Firefox? PS:   * My OS is Ubuntu 10.10, and Firefox is 11.0.   * The problem here is similar to my previous question, but there I asked about the OS, and here I talked about Firefox.


Does `make install` overwrite files?

I've taken some time to install a newer version of Apache2.x on my Mac Os X 10.6.8. When configuring apache through ./configure I specified the Darwin layout. This layout assumes the path setup of the existing apache installation, which is what I want since my aim is to replace the old one. I ran make, then of course sudo make install. I checked the apache version by doing               apachetcl -v      and I got               Server version: Apache/2.4.1 (Unix)     Server built:   Mar 31 2012 01:52:54      Which is good. But then here is the strange part. I checked the 'old' httpd.conf file in /etc/apache2 and it had an old modification date. I didn't really figure that out until after I tried running apache. Apache tried to load some extensions that were not compatible with the new version. This led me to check the /usr/libexec/apache2 directory and I saw that the modules had not been recently modified except for a two or three. Essentially sudo make install had not overwritten every possible file.               What is the convention here? Should make install overwrite everything or not?      I'm assuming that it just depends on how the developers wrote the configure script and the Makefile. I ended up doing some rm -rf on any existing apache dirs I knew about before running make install again. After that, everything was fresh.


Building a custom xbmc distro with ubuntu

How could you use Ubuntu to create your own distro of XBMC (ex. Boxee Plex)? Is there a site (I checked XBMC's wiki and found nothing) that tells you how to do this?


Ubuntu Firewall Configuration Just for Browsing and E-Mailing

Is it possible to configure UFW just for browsing using firefox, e-mailing using thunderbird and updating the system? How should I proceed? I would like to use the UFW directly without any GUI.


Why is every wifi networks' signal strength always identical?

Right now I'm using `wavemon` to look at wifi networks in the area, but it doesn't matter what tool I use: The signal strengths of every wifi network I can see are always identical to each other. They change over time but they never differ from each other. I can't imagine this is correct because that doesn't seem to make sense to me physically. For example: ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/GjsyG.jpg) It doesn't matter what tool I use:               $ sudo iwlist wlan0 scanning | grep 'level\|Address'     Cell 01 - Address: 84:1B:5E:E9:C9:D3               Quality=66/70  Signal level=-44 dBm       Cell 02 - Address: 86:1B:5E:E9:C9:D4               Quality=66/70  Signal level=-44 dBm       Cell 03 - Address: 00:22:75:98:A6:6D               Quality=66/70  Signal level=-44 dBm       Cell 04 - Address: F8:E4:FB:D8:B9:ED               Quality=66/70  Signal level=-44 dBm       Cell 05 - Address: 00:1B:2F:01:DD:04               Quality=66/70  Signal level=-44 dBm        I know where the radios for these networks are physically located and the signal strengths should not be identical. What is the source of this information and why is this happening? I am using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS:               $ uname -rvm     3.2.0-64-generic #97-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 4 22:03:48 UTC 2014 i686     $ lspci | grep -i wifi     03:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. \             RTL8188CE 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adapter (rev 01)     $ lsmod | grep rtl     rtl8192ce              75529  0      rtl8192c_common        69519  1 rtl8192ce     rtlwifi                95855  1 rtl8192ce     mac80211              436493  3 rtl8192ce,rtl8192c_common,rtlwifi     cfg80211              178877  2 rtlwifi,mac80211      Update: On Windows 7, 64-bit, on the same machine (dual booted), inSSIDer reports differing (and reasonable) signal strengths for the networks in the area; this at least rules out the hardware itself. I have not tried other Linux distributions yet. I have not tried FreedomBen's driver yet either.


Mouse cursor 'frame rate' is slow, but only when logged into my main account

When I'm logged into my account on my laptop (A Thinkpad t420 running Linux Mint 12 with Gnome 3), the mouse has a noticeably lower frame rate than when I'm at the log in screen, or even in another user account. I've been trying to get to the bottom of the problem for days. The mouse is perfectly responsive, but it skips over most of the pixels in it's path if it's moving quickly. It's perfectly smooth in the other accounts.   * It does not seem to be caused by the theme or any gnome-shell extensions. I have changed to other themes and changed a test account's themes and extensions to match my normal account. No difference.   * htop does not show that any process is using too much CPU in either account. In both it was 1-4%.    * I've played with the mouse settings in System Settings> Mouse and Touchpad but it hasn't changed the problem. I'm pretty stumped. I suppose my next test is to remove the user account and re-create it, but I feel like I'd just mess up the mouse again and still have no idea what happened. Anyone have any ideas on how to fix it?


mkdir with date function behaves differently in script

I am trying to create a directory with a timestamp. If I type at the prompt               mkdir "$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S)"      I get a directory named with the date as I would like. If I put the same line in a bash script I get some strange characters at the end of the name. What is going on? I am attempting this in Cygwin and tried `bash` and `sh`.


NVIDIA driver hangs Xorg at start

I'm using Debian Wheezy on Lenovo v570 laptop, it has Intel 3000 graphics and NVIDIA 525M (optimus) discrete video card. I want to use only discrete card and have already set up NVIDIA proprietary drivers:               # apt-get install module-assistant nvidia-kernel-common     # m-a auto-install nvidia-kernel${VERSION}-source     # apt-get install nvidia-glx${VERSION}      But when I configured Xorg to use with NVIDIA driver I've got only black screen on boot and almost unresponsive machine (even NumLock doesn't work) My `/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-monitor.conf`: http://pastebin.com/rYKmrwgv `Xorg.0.log`: http://pastebin.com/YnGKstQB Here is problem part:               [    27.705] (WW) NVIDIA(0): WAIT (2, 7, 0x8000, 0x0000c744, 0x0000dbe4)     [    34.705] (WW) NVIDIA(0): WAIT (1, 7, 0x8000, 0x0000c744, 0x0000dbe4)     [    40.052] (WW) NVIDIA(0): WAIT (2, 6, 0x8000, 0x00000c00, 0x00005578)      then i had a moment to switch to `tty1` and stopped `gdm3`.


Why do some commands not read from their standard input?

I wonder what when we should use pipeline and when we shouldn't. Say for instance, to kill certain process which handling pdf files, the following will not work by using pipeline:               ps aux | grep pdf | awk '{print $2}'|kill      Instead, we can only do it with following ways:               kill $(ps aux| grep pdf| awk '{print $2}')      or               ps aux | grep pdf | awk '{print $2}'| xargs kill      According to `man bash` ( version `4.1.2` ):               The standard output of command is connected via a pipe to the standard input of command2.      For above scenario:   * the stdin of `grep` is the stdout of `ps`. That works.   * the stdin of `awk` is the stdout of `grep`. That works.   * the stdin of `kill` is the stdout of `awk`. That doesn't work. The stdin of the following command is always getting input from the previous command's stdout.   * Why doesn't it work with `kill` or `rm`?   * What's the different between `kill`, `rm` input with `grep`, `awk` input?   * Are there any rules?


bash environment - pasting strings with "special" characters

I'm using an application and I need to paste a string into the app... e.g ãµÜÇæ¢üäÄøqò When I login with bash shell it's impossible to paste the string with the special characters. If I change the shell to sh it works fine. Does someone knows what/if there are any variabels that I must set in bash to get it work in bash?


How to make options mandatory in KSH script

Here is the skeleton to catch arguments in my script :               # fMain(){                  while getopts "d:e:h" _OPTION; do                     case $_OPTION in                     d)                                                           dateVal=$OPTARG                             ;;                     e)                             extensionVal=$OPTARG                             fListArgument "OPN_BYPASS" $OPTARG                             ;;                     h)                             fToonHelp                             ;;                     \?)     echo "Please run '$0 -h' for help"                             vARG_VLAG="Y"                             ;;                     esac             done                  exit 0      How can I set the options d and e mandatory ? I could simply throw an error if they are not filled (using a binary variable to see if they are filled or not). But I guess, a more convenient way to do this exists.


Impact of using route command when route doesn't exist or already exist

I made a script for this question Monitor an internet link to a remote host this script will be run by cron and, every minute or so, it will reexecute the commands               route add ....     route del ....      I know that if you add the same route twice there's an error message saying the file already exists, and if does not exist an error message saying the file does not exist. Is there any reason I should avoid executing this command in those cases, or does it have no impact on network or machine performance at all?


Debian won't shut down completely

My Debian wheezy (64-bit) won't fully shut down. What I mean by this is that when I select "`Shut Down...`" from the menu the screen goes blank but the power button remains lit and front fan keeps working. Only after I hold down the power button for a 5 sec or so it actually shuts down fully... Did some googling and usually power managment is blamed in these kind of situations. Here are some suspicious messages related to power managment in my `/var/log/messages`, in order of appearance:               kernel: [    0.000000] ACPI Warning: FADT (revision 5) is longer than ACPI 2.0 version, truncating length 268 to 244 (20110623/tbfadt-288)     kernel: [    0.010862] x2apic not enabled, IRQ remapping init failed     kernel: [    0.485956] ACPI FADT declares the system doesn't support PCIe ASPM, so disable it     kernel: [    0.494932] [Firmware Bug]: ACPI: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored     kernel: [    0.546125] PCI: Using host bridge windows from ACPI; if necessary, use "pci=nocrs" and report a bug     kernel: [    0.747176] ERST: Table is not found!     kernel: [    0.747177] GHES: HEST is not enabled!      then there is few like the following two:               kernel: [    1.361930] ACPI Error: [DSSP] Namespace lookup failure, AE_NOT_FOUND (20110623/psargs-359)     kernel: [    1.361934] ACPI Error: Method parse/execution failed [\_SB_.PCI0.SAT0.SPT0._GTF] (Node ffff88040f4b5290), AE_NOT_FOUND (20110623/psparse-536)      There is nothing in the `kern.log` or `syslog` that relates to shutdown (in the kern.log there is point which I can identify as startup but messages preceding that point aren't related to shutdown. syslog doesn't seem to have any intresting messages at all). Here is the few messages from `messages` at the time I did last restart (early this morning):               Jul  3 01:03:49 shutdown[22028]: shutting down for system halt     Jul  3 01:04:49 kernel: imklog 5.8.11, log source = /proc/kmsg started.     Jul  3 01:04:49 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.11" x-pid="2537" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start     Jul  3 01:04:49 kernel: [    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset     Jul  3 01:04:49 kernel: [    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu     Jul  3 01:04:49 kernel: [    0.000000] Linux version 3.2.0-4-amd64 (debian-kernel@lists.debian.org) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Debian 4.6.3-14) ) #1 SMP Debian 3.2.57-3+deb7u2     Jul  3 01:04:49 kernel: [    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-amd64 root=UUID=751d0e52-b064-4503-be7c-11270f8089e3 ro quiet      When executing `shutdown -h now` in the root terminal the result is the same (not full shutdown) but there is more info in the `syslog`:               Jul 3 14:58:04 shutdown[3929]: shutting down for system halt     Jul 3 14:58:04 init: Switching to runlevel: 0     Jul 3 14:58:05 minissdpd[3235]: received signal 15, good-bye     Jul 3 14:58:05 bluetoothd[3057]: Terminating     Jul 3 14:58:05 avahi-daemon[3055]: Got SIGTERM, quitting.     Jul 3 14:58:05 avahi-daemon[3055]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv6 with address fe80::beee:7bff:fe74:647d.     Jul 3 14:58:05 avahi-daemon[3055]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on interface eth0.IPv4 with address 192.168.0.101.     Jul 3 14:58:05 pulseaudio[3683]: [pulseaudio] module-alsa-card.c: Failed to find a working profile.     Jul 3 14:58:05 pulseaudio[3683]: [pulseaudio] module.c: Failed to load module "module-alsa-card" (argument: "device_id="0" name="pci-0000_00_03.0" card_name="alsa_ca      and in `messages`:               Jul 3 14:58:04 shutdown[3929]: shutting down for system halt     Jul 3 14:58:05 kernel: [   90.616600] colord-sane[3886]: segfault at 18 ip 00007fa8dc5a2543 sp 00007fa8cb9808c0 error 6 in libc-2.13.so[7fa8dc529000+182000]      BTW there is also VirtualBox installed and following message is in the log `kernel: [ 38.497835] warning: VirtualBox uses 32-bit capabilities (legacy support in use)` but I don't think thats really the issue... So I'm looking for suggestions how to fix this. Should I update some driver or update BIOS or...? I'm really not an Linux power user so please be as specific as possible when additional information is needed or when you suggest some solution. My system info:               Release 7.5 (wheezy) 64-bit     Kernel Linux 3.2.0-4-amd64     GNOME 3.4.2     Gallium 0.4 on llvmpipe (LLVM 0x209)     Experience: Fallback                    ASUS UEFI BIOS Utility     Bios Version: 1005 x64 H87-PRO     Build date: 01/02/2014     ME Version: 9.0.2.1345     South Bridge Stepping: 05/C2     CPU: Intel Core i5-4670 @ 3.4GHz


Encrypt files using gpg (and them symetric encrypting the key) - is it a normal thing to do in the *nix world?

I read a lot of articles about using gpg to encrypt email, but I would like to use it to encrypt some files - mainly a bunch of *.isos. I'm going to describe what I thought I would do, so you can shoot me or just add some suggestions. I'm going to do               tar -cvjf myiso.iso.tar.bz2 myiso.iso      and them I plan to encrypt this myisio.tar.bz2, using a key generated by gpg (don't know exactly how to do that. I'm going to read the man page). Them, I'm going to save this generated gpg key I used for this encryption in a flash drive, and encode this key itself with a symetric key. Is it to _insane_?


update gnome in centos 6.4

my current version of gnome is : 2.28.2 and I want to update it to version 3. is there a way to do that ? I searched a lot about this problem , but all of the results is about installing gnome on a minimal centos . Im using centos 6.4


How can I stream data to a program that expects to read data from a file that is given as a argument?

I have a huge gzipped file and I want a program (4s-import in this case) to read it. It takes a lot of time to first unzip the file and then call the program with the path to the file as an argument. Would it be possible to do something like:               zcat huge.gz | 4s-import <SOME MAGIC>      where SOME-MAGIC is like a path to an abstract file that contains stdin? The much slower and more disk space consuming alternative that I have to do otherwise is:               zcat huge.gz > huger     4s-import huger


How to configure a Frame Relay in Unix/Linux?

I am in a Networking course, the course employs a Cisco packet tracer to practice before the real implementation, but I only use GNU/Linux (Debian Squeeze) and I need to configure a next network like this one:               pc_1 <----> hub_1 <------> router_1 \                                          \                                           \ Cloud(frame relay)                                           /                                          /                                         /     pc_2 <----> hub_2 <------> router_2      My searches reveal little about frame relay in GNU/Linux. Any idea?


GConf equivalent for KDE

GNOME and many window managers such as the Awesome WM use the GSettings settings database, with Dconf as the backend. What is the equivalent of this for KDE? Also, we can edit GSettiings with the Dconf Editor application or the `gsettings` command line tool. For example:               gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences button-layout ':minimize,maximize,close'      Has somebody work with KDE's engine? What's its name? What tools are there to modify it (such as `dconf-editor` and `gsettings`)? Finally, we can hack the GSettings engine with `gsettings get`; how can I do this in KDE?


How does AptConf work in Debian Wheezy?

As far as I understand, the `/etc/apt/apt.conf` file of Squeeze has been broken into separate files within the `/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/` directory in Wheezy. The debian wiki has not been updated yet and it seems to contain info only about `/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/70debconf`. In any case, I am not entirely familiar with configuring apt, besides merely editing `/etc/apt/sources.list` and I am kinda lost here. The directory structure on my machine is:               /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/       00aptitude       00CDMountPoint       00trustcdrom       01autoremove       20listchanges       20packagekit       70debconf      and my questions are:   1. What do these files do?   2. What do the numbers mean?   3. Can I add new files to this dir so that they are loaded as well? If so, is there a convention for doing so?


How to use 7z to archive all the files and directories (including hidden ones) in a directory?

Because of specifics of my archiving needs I am not comfortable with solid tar.gz archives and use 7z instead. I use the following command to do this:               7z a -t7z -m0=lzma -mx=9 -mfb=64 -md=32m -ms=off ~/my/folder.7z ~/my/folder/*      To create an archive of everything inside `~/my/folder/` as the `~/my/folder.7z` file. But `~/my/folder/.hiddenFolder` doesm't get into the archive then. How to fix this? Isn't `*` supposed to return all the files and folders?


Read a directory to see the file to inode mapping

I'm just learning about filesystems and it is said that a directory is just an ordinary file which keeps a list of file-inode pairs. If I try to open the directory `Downloads` with any of the following `cat` `less` `tail`, it just outputs that its a directory and cant be opened. Ideas how to read it?


Installing Boot and OS on SSD, rest on HDD

Okay so I got an SSD for my notebook and I'm currently setting up my system. On the SSD I'd like to have the main OS (Crunchbang in this case) and maybe some swap whereas on the HDD I want my Home directory and pretty much everything unrelated to the system itself. Since I'm not quite fit with filesystems, what would be a good way of partitioning and mainly, how can I achieve the separation described above?


A reliable and free way to use Linux on Windows, multiprocessor and x86_64

I need a reliable and free virtual machine to run Linux on Windows, multiprocessor and x86_64. I need a good environment to compile and run ffmpeg and libvpx. I have used Mint Debian under Virtual Box, however it has problems after kernel updates. The guest additions doesn't work any more. Any idea? Is there a special distribution or other free and quite good virtual machine with near native performance? Edit:   Windows 7 Professional SP 1 x86_64 (NT 6.1.7601)


Deleting Non-empty Directory with smbclient

How can I remove a non-empty directory with smbclient? I have tried the following: 1) `rm` Result:               NT_STATUS_NO_SUCH_FILE listing [dir_path]      2) `recurse;rm` Result:               No Error but also nothing happens! The folder remains as before!      3) `rmdir` Result:               NT_STATUS_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY removing remote directory file [dir_path]      4) `recurse;rmdir` Result:               NT_STATUS_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY removing remote directory file [dir_path]      5) `rm [dir_name]/*;rmdir [dir_name]` Result:               NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND deleting remote file [sub_dir_path]          NT_STATUS_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY removing remote directory file [dir_path]      6) `recurse;rm [dir_name]/*;rmdir [dir_name]` Result:               NT_STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND deleting remote file [sub_dir_path]          NT_STATUS_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY removing remote directory file [dir_path]


How do I upgrade openSUSE from stable to development?

I have the stable current release of openSUSE (12.2) on one of my desktops, I want to upgrade it to development release without downloading the DVD and doing a media upgrade. Is it possible? How do I do that?


Get package sources and repository link

Is there any way (dpkg, apt?) to get a package's sources and URL to repository, if available, in Debian ?


Kernel module for Cisco VPN client doesn't compile under ubuntu 10.04 LTS?

I am trying to install a Cisco VPN client under Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. In the extracted folder I type:               alex@alex-laptop:~/Downloads/cisco4.8/vpnclient$ sudo ./vpn_install      and there is output of activity which appears to end unsuccessfully with:               /home/alex/Downloads/cisco4.8/vpnclient/linuxcniapi.c:458: error: ‘struct sk_buff’ has no member named ‘nh’     make[2]: *** [/home/alex/Downloads/cisco4.8/vpnclient/linuxcniapi.o] Error 1     make[1]: *** [_module_/home/alex/Downloads/cisco4.8/vpnclient] Error 2     make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.32-33-generic'     make: *** [default] Error 2     Failed to make module "cisco_ipsec.ko".      How can I find the problems in this installation? What actions should I take to correct the installation procedure?


SSH: which one is my public key

My university asked my SSH public key as I need access to universities computer cluster. I generated SSH key using linux `ssh-keygen -t dsa` command. However, I don't know what information they need from me. `ssh-keygen -t dsa` command generated:   * The key fingerprint   * The key's randomart image   * id_dsa   * id_dsa.pub Which one of these is my public key?


Xmonad is not changing layouts

You can change layouts in `Xmonad` with `mod+space` or switch windows (in fullscreen) with `mod+tab`. I encounter everyday the problem that these bindings stop working (I don't know what causes it). I'm able to change workspaces with `mod+1 | 2 | ... | 9` and this problem occurs usually only in one workspace. I tried to solve it with moving all the windows from the workspace (where it stopped working) to another workspace but this didn't help. I solve it with logging out and logging in. Is there some way to solve it without logging out?


A process, run as root, when performing mount, is mounting for `self`, how to make the mount global?

I'm mounting a share from within process'es context. That, ultimately, mounts the object on a `per-process namespace` basis, rendering it invisible for the rest of the system. The problem is partially related to Problem with mount namespaces under Fedora, just that I need it the other way around. The process is Apache (httpd) running as root. Running process as root, how do I mount globally from within process'es context?   Or, what actions I have to take prior to mounting from process, to make them global? **Update:**   So far, I've attempted working with `\--make-shared`, `\--make-private` and `\--bind` but to no avail. Cannot make actions to propagate outside process namespace.


Forgot encfs password

I followed the guide here: http://www.webupd8.org/2011/06/encrypt-your- private-dropbox-data-with.html to get dropbox encfs working on my first computer. I disabled the syncing of the encryption key. so I copied it manually from the 1st computer to the 2nd computer. By the time I had time to get this setup on the 2nd computer, I had forgotten the password I entered for encfs. How do I remove the password from the keyring on the 1st computer before I create another key and store it in the keyring on the 1st computer?


Understanding when background process gets terminated

I have a script which starts a number of background processes and if works fine when called from the cmdline. However the same script is also called during my xsession startup and additionally on some udev events. In both cases the background processes disappear. I had put a sleep 10 into the script and I could see, that the bg processes are indeed started, but once the script exists it takes the bg processes with it. I tried to solve with by invoking the bg processes with `start_stop_deamon --background`, but this does not make a difference. Hoever, I can invoke the script from a console and exit the session and the bg processes are still running. Other than fixing my immediate problem (though any help would be much appreciated), I am keen to understand the logic behind it all. I suspect something related to the absence of a terminal.


Determining Linux architecture from files

I have a system with an unrecoverable `/usr` partition. Terrified the drives are going bad, I've got it booted into a LiveCD environment, and I can't remember what the install architecture was, the most I have is it's CentOS 5.5. Because of the Live environment, none of the standard methods work such as uname or checking `/proc`. Here is the kernel that was used: vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5 Is there anything I can scan the file for to figure out if the architecture is 32 or 64 bit? Or something else I can look at on the file system? Nothing in `/usr` will work because that partition is now dead.


RAID Level 5 versus Level 1

Is it slower to write one block in RAID Level 5 with 5 disks than RAID 1 with two disks (mirroring only)? I think No since with Level 5 you are writing the data and the parity (two writes). With Level 1, you are writing twice as well (original as well as mirror). Can someone let me know if my train of thought is correct?


How to set umask for a system-user?

Is it possible to set the `umask` for a system-user (created with `useradd --system username`)?


How to reinstall /bin/sh

I have accidentally deleted `/bin/sh`, and I am trying to to re-install it.   If I type `sh` in the terminal, It says               The program 'sh' can be found in the following packages:      * bash      * dash      If I try to `apt-get install bash`, I get               bash is already the newest version.     0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 109 not upgraded.      So, how am I supposed to get `/bin/sh` back?


How to see complete list of processes in top

When I do 'top', I learn that there are many processes running out of which many are in sleep state. I need to see complete snapshot of all processes at that point. the 'top' is able to show listing of processes, which fit in one screen.How do I get complete listing? Among other things, I am interested in seeing list of all processes, which are in "sleeping" state. I don't think, I can get process state in output of "ps" command


How much strip(1)-ing is okay for kernel modules?

I regularly create packages for Slackware Linux and part of the process is stripping binaries so that they take up less space. I find that if I `strip --strip-all` (or `strip` with no options) kernel modules, they often fail to insert: > FATAL: Error inserting cloop > (/lib/modules/2.6.38.7-smp/kernel/fs/cloop/cloop.ko): Invalid module format What level of stripping is recommended for kernel modules? If I use `\--strip- debug`, will I remove debugging symbols that will negatively affect system performance and/or error logging?


repeat twice each couple of strings in a for cycle

I need to pass to pdftk, a list of arguments constituted by strings repeated twice like: `A1-2 B1-2 A3-4 B3-4 A5-6 B5-6...` and so on... I managed to achieve this with this workaround               for ((x=1, y=2;x>=18, y<=18;x++, y++)); do echo "A$x-$y B$x-$y "; done| awk 'NR %2==1 {print $1, $2} ' | tr '\n' ' '      that gives: **A1-2 B1-2 A3-4 B3-4 A5-6 B5-6 A7-8 B7-8 A9-10 B9-10 A11-12 B11-12 A13-14 B13-14 A15-16 B15-16 A17-18 B17-18** but I'm unsatisfied, and I'm looking for a proper , more elegant and better way to perform this task


What does : ${param:=value} mean?

I read the following in A User's Guide to the Z-Shell: > A synonym for ‘true’ is ‘:’; it’s often used in this form to give arguments > which have side effects but which shouldn’t be used — something like               : ${param:=value}      > which is a common idiom in all Bourne shell derivatives. In the parameter > expansion, `$param` is given the value value if it was empty before, and > left alone otherwise. Since that was the only reason for the parameter > expansion, you use `:` to ignore the argument. Actually, the shell blithely > builds the command line — the colon, followed by whatever the value of > `$param` is, whether or not the assignment happened — then executes the > command; it just so happens that ‘:’ takes no notice of the arguments it was > given. but I don't understand it. I get that `:` means `true`, but there are two colons in the expression. As a minor question, why is this idiom used so much in all Bourne shell derivatives? What purpose does it serve? **Note:** I am interested in what this idiom does in both **bash** and in **zsh**. Thanks


CLI Video Driver for Ubuntu 10.04

I am running a Linaro Arm version of Ubuntu 10.04. I switched the runlevel to 1 which should be command line with no GUI but I am however being presented with a black screen with a blinking cursor on it. Does anyone know a good graphics driver to install to help with this issue? It might not even be a graphics driver error. Any help appreciated.