Shrinking directory sizes on an ecryptfs filesystem

The root directory of my ecryptfs filesystem has grown massively since I accidentally created many thousands of files in it. Now that I've deleted the files, I'd like to shrink the directory, as I believe it's causing some performance problems. My home directory before the ecryptfs mount:               dr-x------ 2 ian ian 4096 May  4  2012 /home/ian      and after:               drwx------ 104 ian ian 42721280 Jun 18 13:46 /home/ian      http://serverfault.com/questions/264124/shrink-reset-directory-size discusses a similar problem with an ext3 filesystem, and suggests doing an `e2fsck -D`. However, ecryptfs doesn't seem to have its own fsck. How can I shrink my directory without creating a new filesystem and copying everything over?


Making a Icecast Playlist from the Console

I got HP 6G RAM laptop that use as a home server, and a netbook that i use as my everyday console. I recently installed icecast server on the server as playing audio files on the netbook halts my system, so I use "Radio Tray" to receive the streaming from the server over my local home network and I dont compromise my netbook's performance. rightnow i would like to be able to make a playlist from the audio folders i have on the HP server through ssh. is there a simple way to do so?


Is there a way to configure vim to run external commands through cpanel jailshell?

I'm editing files in vim over ssh, and I'd like to save git commits and things by running external commands in vim, like `:!git add % && git commit -m "update"` but because my server (hostgator) has a limited shell, cpanel jailshell, I get the error:               Cannot execute shell /usr/local/cpanel/bin/jailshell      Is there a way to configure the shell settings in vim so that external commands work?


rsync multiple files to multiple directories

I need to move a large number of files that need to go to different directories i.e.               file1.mpg to /mnt/s3/directory1/file1.mpg     file2.mpg to /mnt/s3/directorya/file2.mpg     file3.mpg to /mnt/s3/directoryx/anotherfilename.mpg          rsync -av --progress --inplace /path/to/file1.mpg /different/path/directory/1/file1.mpg      Works but I would like to batch all the file transfers together so I don't have to monitor it all the time and keep manually put in each rsync. I wrote a quick shell script to rsync the files but after the file is transferred it seems to hang there waiting for some sort of user input. If ^c it continues on, otherwise will hang there indefinitely.


How do I remove a file I accidentally created named $file?

I was working on a shell script and I accidentally created a file with the variable as its name. Now I have `$file` in my `ls` output, and cannot remove it. What can I do?


Grub and usb serial support

How to access the grub menu using a usb serial converter? I know it's possible to have grub menu in serial console, putting these lines in grub.conf:               serial --unit=0 --speed=9600 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1     terminal serial      But with usb serial converter? In linux it is `/dev/ttyUSB0` and I can use it to see boot messages.


How to run java process to be seen not as 'java...' in processes list?

Is it possible to run a Java process in Linux in a way that it could be seen in `ps` as some sort of alias? It would be easier to restart it when it is down.


How to fix library problem with mono on Debian?

I installed mono and when trying to run an app:               a@debianVM:~/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT$ mono ./APBInfinite.exe      Mono: gc took 12 usecs     (sip)     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libX11.so.6'.     Mono: Searching for 'XReparentWindow'.     Mono: Probing 'XReparentWindow'.     Mono: Found as 'XReparentWindow'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'libX11.so.6'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libX11.so.6'.     Mono: Searching for 'XRaiseWindow'.     Mono: Probing 'XRaiseWindow'.     Mono: Found as 'XRaiseWindow'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'libX11.so.6'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libX11.so.6'.     Mono: Searching for 'XConfigureWindow'.     Mono: Probing 'XConfigureWindow'.     Mono: Found as 'XConfigureWindow'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'libX11.so.6'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libX11.so.6'.     Mono: Searching for 'XLowerWindow'.     Mono: Probing 'XLowerWindow'.     Mono: Found as 'XLowerWindow'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'user32'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libuser32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libuser32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libuser32.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libuser32.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'user32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'user32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libuser32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libuser32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libuser32.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libuser32.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'libuser32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'libuser32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libMonoSupportW.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libMonoSupportW.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libMonoSupportW.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libMonoSupportW.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libMonoSupportW.so'.     Mono: Searching for 'GetFocus'.     Mono: Probing 'GetFocus'.     Mono: Probing 'GetFocus'.     Mono: Probing 'GetFocusA'.     Mono: Probing 'GetFocusA'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'user32'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libuser32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libuser32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libuser32.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libuser32.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'user32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'user32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libuser32.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libuser32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libuser32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libuser32.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libuser32.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'libuser32'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'libuser32: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libMonoSupportW.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libMonoSupportW.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libMonoSupportW.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libMonoSupportW.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libMonoSupportW.so'.     Mono: Searching for 'IsChild'.     Mono: Probing 'IsChild'.     Mono: Probing 'IsChild'.     Mono: Probing 'IsChildA'.     Mono: Probing 'IsChildA'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: '__Internal'.     Mono: Searching for 'SetDllDirectory'.     Mono: Probing 'SetDllDirectoryW'.     Mono: Probing 'SetDllDirectoryW'.     Mono: Probing 'SetDllDirectory'.     Mono: Probing 'SetDllDirectory'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'xul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport unable to load library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'xul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport unable to load library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'xul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport unable to load library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'xul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport unable to load library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'xul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport unable to load library 'libxul: cannot open shared object fSystem.DllNotFoundException: xul       at (wrapper managed-to-native) Gecko.Xpcom:NS_InitXPCOM2 (Gecko.nsIServiceManager&,object,Gecko.nsIDirectoryServiceProvider)       at Gecko.Xpcom.Initialize (System.String binDirectory) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at Gecko.Xpcom.Initialize () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at Gecko.GeckoWebBrowser.OnHandleCreated (System.EventArgs e) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WmCreate (System.Windows.Forms.Message& m) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at System.Windows.Forms.Control.WndProc (System.Windows.Forms.Message& m) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at Gecko.GeckoWebBrowser.WndProc (System.Windows.Forms.Message& m) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at System.Windows.Forms.Control+ControlWindowTarget.OnMessage (System.Windows.Forms.Message& m) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at System.Windows.Forms.Control+ControlNativeWindow.WndProc (System.Windows.Forms.Message& m) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at System.Windows.Forms.NativeWindow.WndProc (IntPtr hWnd, Msg msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0      ile: No such file or directory'.     Mono: Assembly Ref addref Geckofx-Core[0x8b1a098] -> System[0x8ab8628]: 9     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'xul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'xul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/home/a/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/BOT/libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libxul.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library: 'libxul.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading: 'libxul'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport unable to load library 'libxul: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: gc took 1115 usecs     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'libgdiplus.so.0'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Drawing/2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/libgdiplus.so.0'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Drawing/2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/libgdiplus.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Drawing/2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/libgdiplus.so.0.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Drawing/2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/libgdiplus.so.0.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libgdiplus.so.0'.     Mono: Searching for 'GdipDeleteFontFamily'.     Mono: Probing 'GdipDeleteFontFamily'.     Mono: Found as 'GdipDeleteFontFamily'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'libgdiplus.so.0'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Drawing/2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/libgdiplus.so.0'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Drawing/2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/libgdiplus.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Drawing/2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/libgdiplus.so.0.so'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Drawing/2.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/libgdiplus.so.0.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading location: 'libgdiplus.so.0'.     Mono: Searching for 'GdipDeleteFont'.     Mono: Probing 'GdipDeleteFont'.     Mono: Found as 'GdipDeleteFont'.     Mono: DllImport attempting to load: 'libX11.so.6'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6'.     Mono: DllImport error loading library '/usr/lib/mono/gac/System.Windows.Forms/2.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/libX11.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory'.     Mono: DllImport loading library: '/usr/lib/monSystem.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for Gecko.GeckoPreferences ---> System.DllNotFoundException: xul       at (wrapper managed-to-native) Gecko.Xpcom:NS_InitXPCOM2 (Gecko.nsIServiceManager&,object,Gecko.nsIDirectoryServiceProvider)       at Gecko.Xpcom.Initialize (System.String binDirectory) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at Gecko.Xpcom.Initialize () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at Gecko.GeckoPreferences..cctor () [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        --- End of inner exception stack trace ---       at APBInfinite.BrowserWindow.Form1_Load (System.Object sender, System.EventArgs e) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at System.Windows.Forms.Form.OnLoad (System.EventArgs e) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0        at System.Windows.Forms.Form.OnLoadInternal (System.EventArgs e) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0      Full logs Any solutions?


Emacs cperl mode - how to use tabs for indentation instead of spaces

Is there a way to make cperl mode in emacs use all tabs for indentation instead of spaces? I've tried setting `indent-tabs-mode`, and `cperl-tab- always-indent`. Here is my `.emacs` file:               (defalias 'perl-mode 'cperl-mode)     (setq cperl-tab-always-indent t)     (setq inhibit-splash-screen t)     (cua-mode t)     (setq cua-auto-tabify-rectangles nil)     (transient-mark-mode 1)     (setq cua-keep-region-after-copy t)


lampp not working with i3 window manager

I am running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. I installed the i3 window manager and have become pretty comfortable with it. And yesterday, When I tried to use Lampp for web dev, it didn't work. The window manager was the last thing on my mind, and thus I created a new file and tried to access it, but nothing really worked. Then, as a longshot, I logged out and logged in again into a Gnome session, and it worked! Thus, lampp is not working with the i3 window manager. I got the error `ERR_EMPTY_RESPONSE` when I tried to access a project stored in the directory `/opt/lampp/htdocs/` (just to give background, I am a power user and have used Lampp for a long time now and have never faced this problem, and it's not a problem with the setup, as I have already checked all the settings and the exact settings are working in the Gnome session). The following commands are the ones that I used.   1. `sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start`   2. `sudo chmod 777 -R /opt/lampp/htdocs/` (Ensuring that access denied error is not thrown by the browser)


How can I suppress output from grep, so that it only returns the exit status?

I have the `grep` command. I'm searching for a keyword from a file, but I don't want to display the match. I just want to know the exit status of the `grep`.


back-up command `cpio` isnt working?

I'm unable to back up files using `cpio`.               root@ravbholua-Aspire-5315:/home/ravbholua/CCPP/HelloWorld/das/das1/book/backup# ls     arg_check.h  compute.h  quit.h     root@ravbholua-Aspire-5315:/home/ravbholua/CCPP/HelloWorld/das/das1/book/backup# ls | cpio -ov > /dev/sda10     arg_check.h     compute.h     quit.h     1 block     root@ravbholua-Aspire-5315:/home/ravbholua/CCPP/HelloWorld/das/das1/book/backup#      Though the above output shows the files, yet when I check my partition /dev/sda10 the files aren't present there. Where have I misunderstood?


How to reassign new values to array elements?

I'm trying to figure out like three or four things at the same time.The most I need help with is how to get the greatest number in all the files that I have created on a prior run of my script, that created a new file with a (int) identifier. to separate all of the files that have no metadata, to single them out to keep all of them from being over written because as I'm storing them all in the same folder. One is now to I be sure that I am getting the correct value in the element, I'm only using one element, the first one [0] to update the file by incrementing it in order from 0 ..... infinity. The incrementing I figured out using.               (( array[0]++ ))      the part that confuses me the most is the syntax and how I have its value changed by the computer and not me manually. I need to figure out how to get the biggest number that was put in the last file the script stopped at when making them, then have it beginning that number+1 when I start it up again so that it does not start all over again with the value of zero only to over write the other files it created the last time I ran it. As one should know the value goes away when I shut the computer off which loses the variables value. instead of going in the file and looking just get a script to do it for me. this is what I have so far to try and figure out how to get the greatest number. it is the how do I be sure that I am writing it correctly for it to get that new number inside of the [0] element to start with the last number I left off at plus one?               #!/bin/bash          typeset -i xf mf sn bn hn n  snewnum d          let xf=1 mf=0 bn=3 hn=4 n=1 snewnum=0          #to keep track of which lost-song file number I am on     n=0 bn=3 hn=4     lostsongs[0]=2          ###################################################     #     # FOR updating the lost song files so as not to      # over write any     ####################################     find /home/userx/testscripts/ -type f -name "*.mp3" | while [[ $n -le 4 ]] ; do      read FILE;     nstring=${FILE##*/} #gets just the file name     lstring=${nstring##I*"("} #chops off Lside to the ( leaving num     rstring=${lstring%%")"*} #chops off Rside to the ) leaving the num          snewnum=$rstring #holds the char of type num      echo $snewnum " new num before if"          lostsongs[n]="$snewnum"          echo "lostsongs[$n] = ${lostsongs[n]}"          echo ${#lostsongs[@]} " lostsongs length "          for(( a=0; a<${#lostsongs[@]}-1 ;a++ ));          do             store=0;                  if [[ lostsongs[a+1]<lostsongs[a] ]]; then                      store=lostsongs[a];                 lostsongs[a]=$lostsongs[a+1];                 lostsongs[a+1]=$store;                 echo "$store  in a"             fi                   done                    let n++     done      The bigger problem I'm having to figure out, how to pass variables all over the script to everywhere I need it to go. As I need to get the old array[0] with the new value inside of it to the proper place to use it. Within a completely different while loop.               find ~/music/ -type f -name "*.mp3" | while [ $xf  -le 150  ] ;        do read FILENAME;        ...............................     if [[ ! -n "$newArt" && ! -n "$newTit" && ! -n "$newAlb" ]] ; then          echo "${lostsogns[0]} that is Lsogn num.. before going to sogn"     newFile="I_HAVE_NO_IDEA-WHO-I-AM-(Lost-Song-Number-("${lostsongs[0]}"))-192k.mp3"     (( lostsongs[0]++ ))     let hn++      ...............      So I'd say my two major questions are how do I correctly write a re-assigning of an int value using a variable with a value inside of it into the array [ element ] other then incrementing or de-incrementing it by using the ++ or -- , and how do I pass it all around the script? why can't I seem to get               array[0]=$newvalue       to work? Everything I've read always has this really big complected looking "what are they doing?" that is not even close to what I want to do examples that do nothing but confuse me more. I find it hard to fine the simple examples for me to learn from then grow from there in my programming.


Determining a CD-R(W)'s capacity

I've seen various questions asked (and answered) regarding how to detect the size of various media on a GNU/Linux system, and in particular how much space has been used on an optical drive. But is there anything I can do to detect the _capacity_ of a CD-R(W) (i.e. is it a 650 / 700 / ... MB CD-RW)? I suspect that `cdrecord` / `wodim` is able to detect that before it even attempts to burn an ISO, but so far I haven't been able to use it to obtain the information I want. **EDIT** : I intend to use this information in a script I'm writing, so I'm only interested in command line tools (whose output I would parse). I'd also prefer a solution based on tools that are available by default on most systems.


How turn external HD visible in Virtualbox Debian VM?

I want to clone my Virtualbox VM to a another/external HD in my computer. My VM is a Debian 7, and I want to use the `dd` command on an external HD. Is this possible? When I use `# fdisk -l` only the VM appears and not the other HD. Thanks!


Insert to oracle table in a loop

Requirement: In one server in a directory multiple files are present. I need to read the file names and populate into a oracle table. I have written the script like this, but its not working:               #!/bin/bash     names = find  /home/devuser -name 'BI*'     sqlplus -s  schema_name/passwd << EOF     for name in {names[@]}     do     insert into table1(file_name,status) values('$name','N'); done commit; exit      its trowing `DO INVALID IDENTIFIER`.


How to get byobu to start at startup with a command executed, as root?

I want when the computer start, a byobu session is started and a command executed in the first window (windows 0), without requiring any user intervention. It is very important that this doesn't require an actual user to login. How to do that? I suppose this byobu will be accessible later to user root (or if possible another user ?)


Recover the content of a Firefox .part file?

The question says it all, I have a `<filename>.zip.part` file in my Firefox download directory which is ~150MB and I'd like to recover its content. The original file was a very large zip archive made of pictures and unfortunately it is now lost forever, so before redoing all the pictures again (illustrations for a book) I'd like to at least recover those that I already have in the .part file. I tried to open it with software like Ark but without success. Is there some trick to recover some of the file content? **Edit:** I managed to recover some files using a Windows software called ZipRepair Pro. While searching, I saw there are many similar Windows software. So another way to put the original question would be: is there a similar software for Linux?


How to configure my enviorment in such a way that a proper (different from the system one) version of library is used

I guess that this question is a borderline between ServerFault and StackOverflow and this site. But I think that U&L is most relevant. I have some `C++` code that depends on a library in version `X` and system provides version `Y` (X>Y). I have compiled this library and placed resulting files into `/opt/lib_name/X/lib`, version `Y` is installed in `/usr/lib64`. I want to link against `so` libraries. Now I'd like to create some script that somehow enables version `X`, so any code I build with `gcc` is compiled against version `X` without any changes in the makefiles. For now I set `LIBRARY_NAME_DIR` variable and in the makefile i just append `-L $LIBRARY_NAME_DIR`, which works but requires me to change makefiles. Is there any way to do to do this sort of things without having root access to the computer. Note: while I believe that answer to this question does not depend on the specific libary or the code, all details for my particular problem are here: http://stackoverflow.com/q/24189130/7918. What I have tried:   * I have set: `LIBRARY_PATH`, `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`, `CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH`.


tar: how can I exclude intermediate directories but include leaf directories?

I want to create a tar file suitable for extracting into `/`. I've created a work directory that represents the root of the file system, and it has all the stuff I want included in the tar underneath, like: `etc/rc.d/init.d/glassfish3`, `opt/glassfish3/...`, and other directories and files under `opt/...`. When I do `tar zcvpf files.tgz *` it includes the intermediate directories (like `etc`, `etc/rc.d`, and `opt`) in the tar file. Then when I extract it into `/` on another system, it has the undesirable behavior of mucking with ownership and permissions on those directories. I really want to leave those alone and not touch them. So I thought I found a good way around this with:               find . -type f -print0 | tar zcvpf files.tgz --null --files-from -      which creates a tar that only includes files. This is great, it only gets the files I put in there... except I just discovered it's not picking up important leaf directories, like:               opt/glassfish3/glassfish/lib/asadmin      which is an empty directory (and needed by Glassfish3, or it will complain). **How can I create a tar file that skips intermediates but not final directories?** I have a feeling some find+awk magic might do it. It doesn't need to be a one-liner though, readability is important. Thanks. * * * **Edit** : I found this. Other/better ideas welcome:               cat <(find . -type f -print0) <(find . -type d -empty -print0) | tar zcvpf files.tgz --null --files-from -


Bulk Adding Users to Groups

Let's assume I have a Linux box configured as a primary domain controller with 50 users connecting at any given time. If I wanted to create two groups, one called "Teachers" and the other "Students" How could I script something so I wouldn't have to individually type out each command for each user when adding them to their appropriate group? This is what scripting is all about yes?


`dd` to specific location

`dd` is a great tool for copying and conversion. Is there any way by `dd` (or by any other way), to dump the first few bytes from a file to an unmounted partition? Something like this: `dd if=hda2.pbr of=/dev/hda2 bs=512 count=1` The goal, I'm trying to achieve is to copy out the PBR of a partition to file and restore it as and when required. When that partition not required, then I will dump the PBR with some garbage value, so that underlying partition will fail to get mounted


Alt key not recognized - Dell Inspiron n4110/Mint 16 (Petra)

I'm running a fresh install of Mint 16 on an essentially-brand-new Dell Inspiron N4110. I booted to Kali Linux initially, and noticed `Alt``Tab`, `Alt``F4`, and `Alt``D` (address bar focus) weren't working in Iceweasel, which I dismissed as a minor glitch or a missing driver or something. After downloading & installing Mint, the `Alt` key still does not work. `xev` shows absolutely nothing during an `Alt` keypress (`LAlt` or `RAlt`). I've never had this problem before, and Google isn't turning up much. Has anyone else seen this, or have an idea of where to look? As far as I can tell, the rest of the keys are working fine, and the Fn key is in "normal" mode (`F12` = `F12`, as opposed to `F12` = `Mute`).


Failed packages list

I am planning to write a script to get the list of upgrades available on Ubuntu server and upgrade them. I can get the list of upgrades with "apt-get -s upgrade". But how to get a report on list of packages that failed during the above command. Any specific command or technique? I can't find any option in apt-get or other command.


Mounting an RAID0 EBS array on EC2

I had a RAID 0 on two EBS volumes running fine on EC2 until the instance was stopped, a snapshot of the EBS volumes created and then restarted again. Now when I go to mount the RAID array I can't seem to do so. `sudo mdadm --assemble -v /dev/md0 /dev/xvdj1 /dev/xvdk1` But when I try to mount `mount -t ext4 /dev/md0 /mnt` I get               mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/md0,        missing codepage or helper program, or other error        In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try        dmesg | tail  or so      What am I doing wrong? EDIT: Yes, I'm sure the file system is ext4 and it has quite a bit of data on it.


Autostart a GUI application in Debian as root

I would like to know which is the most correct way to make my Debian _automatically_ start up a graphical application once the desktop has been loaded. The app must be started as root.


Does a remote system accessed with SSH have a system clipboard?

According to wikipedia in the `bash` shell `control+u` > Clears the line content before the cursor and copies it into the clipboard If I'm ssh'ed into a box and try that, the text certainly disappears but I have no idea where it goes. Can I access it somehow? I don't want to have to use `xsel` or set up `x-forwarding`, I am just curious if it is stored in some register somewhere remotely. For example, I tried starting `vim` and typing `"*p` or `"+p` to paste from the system clibpoard but am not having any luck. If I use `control+u` remotely when ssh'ed to a box, where does it go, and can I access it?


End of lines problem in emacs when editing markdown texts via It's All Text

I want to edit markdown source in emacs using the It's All Text plugin for firefox. In markdown you have to add two spaces to the line-end to get a new line. Suppose there is such a newline in a markdown source. If I open this in emacs via It's All Text, change something else and save it then the two spaces at the end of the line dissapear which is very annoying. So is there a way to configure emacs not to touch such spaces at line ends in this case?


variable assignment from inside a bash script

This is obviously an SSCCE, so it makes (in itself) no sense. E.g. the variable assignment to `Y` is not used in this minimal example; I'm just trying to figure out the correct syntax to use for my actual case. I can do the following directly on the bash shell:               Y=10 echo foo      I can also have the following in a bash file `foo.sh`:               #!/bin/bash     X="echo foo"     $X      ... and then do a:               $./foo.sh     foo      However, when I have the following in a bash file:               #!/bin/bash     X="Y=10 echo foo"     $X      ... then, I get:               $ ./foo.sh      ./foo.sh: line 3: Y=10: command not found      What's the correct syntax to use for the above?


How to set up environment after installation of a software inside home directory?

I am not familiar much with environment and path settings in UNIX environment. I have installed CDO (climate data operators) in a folder in my home directory. I am only able to run it when I go into `/home/name/cdo/src`. How should I set up any of the dotfiles to access it in home directory without specifically going into src folder?


How to block the xfce desktop right-click mouse menu

I have a Linux Mint 14 machine and want to child-proof it. My main concern right now is the menu that appears when I right-click on any empty desktop space. I want to eliminate it from appearing.


How are default permissions determined (on OS X)?

My (limited) understanding of basic Unix is that any files that are created will be created based on the permissions of the creating user. In particular, the group assigned will be the creating user's "default" group. But on OS X (10.8.2) I see different behavior. Even though my default group is my user account (my GID as listed by `id`), if I create a file in a directory with               drwx---r-x   MyName   MyName      or with               drwx------   MyName   MyName      it has               -rw-r--r--   MyName   MyName      while if I create a file in a director with               drwxr-xr-x   MyName   staff      it has               -rw-r--r--   MyName   staff       There are no extended attributes on any of the these directories, yet they behave as if something like `directory_inherit` and `file_inherit` are set, and as if read permission should always be given. Where are these default policies set in OS X (Mountain Lion)? How can they be configured? * * * I'm happy with the inheritance of group, but would ideally like files created in `-r` directories to be `-r` also; and would like "others" to never have any access. I suspect I can do something with `umask` to get this latter behavior, but I'd still like to be sure and to know where why the group is inherited from the containing directory.


Recover from Grub error

I use windows as well as Linux in one laptop. I don't know what I deleted in the partition settings. Suddenly when I restarted my laptop, it showed me the below error message.               GRUB loading.     Welcome to GRUB!     error: no such partition.     Entering rescue mode...      Then I tried many command keys from each partition, but it always blimps a error `unknown command` or `unknown file system`. I don't have a cd drive to backup my laptop. But I have a pendrive installed with windows file and ubuntu 12. Again I tried to recover it. But still the same and no changes. How can I recover it?


Replaced matched text in Vim with pattern

Here's a minimal example of what I'm trying to do. Start with:               "this")     "that")     [hundreds of lines like this] End with:               "this",&this;)     "that",&that;)     [hundreds of lines like this] I have gotten this far:               g/"\p*"/s/)/[what to put here?]      So it correctly identifies the string that I want to copy. What I'm not sure is how to tell it that I want it to paste that string at the end. I've tried using `&`, but that matches the `)`, not the `"\p*"`.


How to bind <Control><Arrowkey> in Mutt?

I’m stuck here: Is it possible to bind one of `<enter>, <backspace>, <up>, <down>, <left>, <right>` together with control? `\C<foo>` shows up as `|foo>` in the help and `^<up>` isn’t bound.   `'\C<foo>`, `'\C <foo>'` don’t work, too (same with `"` instead). `<control>` doesn’t exist. You actually _can_ get `^<foo>` to show up in the help, but only if you map `^<foo>`, which isn’t exactly what I want. ;)


Differentiating between Hard and Soft Dependencies

I will ask this with an example - I have installed gnash-plugin on fedora 64 bit with Yum. It pulled in following packages -                 Installing     : agg-2.5-9.fc13.x86_64                                                                                1/6        Installing     : gtkglext-libs-1.2.0-10.fc12.x86_64                                                                                2/6        Installing     : boost-thread-1.44.0-7.fc14.x86_64                                                                                3/6        Installing     : boost-date-time-1.44.0-7.fc14.x86_64                                                                                4/6        Installing     : 1:gnash-0.8.8-4.fc14.x86_64                                                                                5/6        Installing     : 1:gnash-plugin-0.8.8-4.fc14.x86_64                                                                                6/6       Now, I tested the plugin and I didn't like it. I want to remove all these above packages which got installed with the plugin as I don't longer going to need them. How can I do this? I checked remove-with-plugin for yum but it pulls in all the packages which are currently depending on the packages. I understand the thought process behind showing what packages are getting affected - but I am wondering if there is any way of looking at the history with what package got installed when I installed a certain package. When gnash-plugin wasn't there firefox was running fine with but after I installation firefox is now depends on this new plugin. Has any one worked on differentiating hard-dependencies(hard means the program will break if that package is not there) and soft-dependencies ( soft means the program may not get affected fatally) ?


Securing VPS against access by server company

I have a few linux `VPS` boxes that contain the private keys to Bitcoin. I've taken a few steps to harden them:   * Blocked all ports except those needed for my server with uncomplicated firewall   * Disabled login with password; setup SSH keypairs; disabled root `ssh`   * clear `ssh` history after typing private key or password However, I noticed that within my hosting control panel I have the option to `Reset Root Password.` It seems that despite my hardening the server company has some kind of supervisor access that lets them reset the root password. How can they reset the root password? Is there a way to harden the server against internal access by the server company? Do I need to enable full disk encryption or home folder encryption?


Inkscape not opening after installed?

I just installed 14.04 on my laptop. The first thing I did was to install `inkscape` by using the instructions on this website. However, after installation, it does not appear if I search for it in the Unity dash. If I try running it from the command line, it says that it is not installed. But if I try to to install again, it says that the newest version is already installed. Additionally, Ubuntu Software Center says that it is installed. See the terminal output below. What should I do?                   mark@kitchencomputer:~$ inkscape         The program 'inkscape' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:         sudo apt-get install inkscape         mark@kitchencomputer:~$ sudo apt-get install inkscape         Reading package lists... Done         Building dependency tree                Reading state information... Done         inkscape is already the newest version.         0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.      ![enter image description here](http://i.stack.imgur.com/nvhUS.png)


LVM - failed to install bootloader

I have Mint 16 installed on an LVM system. I originally had 3 logical volumes: lvswap, lvrootone, and lvstorage, with Mint 16 installed on lvrootone. I was hoping to use this scheme to upgrade and try new distros by adding logical volumes, but hadn't done so until now, when I tried to install Mint17. While running under Mint 16 I created another logical volume, lvroottwo. I ran the Mint17 installer, choosing 'something else' and asked that Mint17's root file system be installed on lvroottwo. The installation proceeded but ended with (something like): 'failed to install bootloader'. I was given the option of trying to have bootloader installed onto sda, which I chose, but that failed too. I gave up, exited the installer and rebooted. It booted to the old Mint 16 as usual. I can mount lvroottwo and see the Mint17 installation there. What can I do to be able to boot to Mint17 or, preferably, to have a choice? What is the 'proper' way to use LVM in order to try new installations? As you can tell I haven't had any prior experience with the bootloader or anything concerning the boot process. Thanks for any help. * * * Pavel (his answer and comments are below) asks for details on how I tried to get it working. I didn't try anything. I don't know anything about boot or boot tools and did not know what to try. My question is: what should I try? Pavel also requested description of disk layout. Output from fdisk -l is below. (Please note that sdb is not being used. I added it to the volume group as a physical volume and tried to use it as a raid1 type mirror to one of the logical volumes on sda. But then the system would not boot. So using a live CD I removed the mirror and system booted again. I think that for this current question my experience with sdb could be ignored, but I need to learn about the boot process so I mention it here.) output from fdisk -l: > Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, > 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 > bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size > (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d8478 > > Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 976773119 488385536 > 83 Linux > > Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, > 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 > bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size > (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 > > Disk /dev/mapper/vgpender-lvswap: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes 255 heads, 63 > sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * > 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O > size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 > > Disk /dev/mapper/vgpender-lvrootone: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes 255 heads, > 63 sectors/track, 3263 cylinders, total 52428800 sectors Units = sectors of > 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes > I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: > 0x00000000 > > Disk /dev/mapper/vgpender-lvstorage: 375.8 GB, 375809638400 bytes 255 heads, > 63 sectors/track, 45689 cylinders, total 734003200 sectors Units = sectors > of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 > bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: > 0x00000000 > > Disk /dev/mapper/vgpender-lvroottwo: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes 255 heads, > 63 sectors/track, 3263 cylinders, total 52428800 sectors Units = sectors of > 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes > I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: > 0x00000000


I can't get Cinnamon to stop freezing, how can I revert it back?

I have an issue, and I'm unsure if it is a bug or not but here's the skinny: I updated cinnamon from 1.6.7 to 1.8 (don't get me wrong, I love it BUT!) Ever since I did the update, Cinnamon has been freezing on me. The mouse moves, but nothing is click-able (so I can't right click the panel > Troubleshoot > restart cinnamon).   _\--My mindset for this is that the freezing can be tolerable if I can just restart cinnamon without having to continuously restart my computer about four to six times a day._ I can be in Firefox mid-type, mid-scroll, trying to minimize (one time, froze while trying to maximize), and trying to move the window. I opened up Skype, went to login and it froze. Opened up the Menu and it froze. Right clicked the desktop, tried to pick an option and it froze. I don't know if it is just me or not, but either way, there is a rather annoying issue on my hands. There were glitches in 1.6.7, but it never froze. _And I had the ability to right click the panel to restart Cinnamon to fix the issues then._ **Details:** Linux Mint 13 (cinnamon 1.8)   Processor: AMD Turion(tm) 64 X2 Mobile Technology TL-58 x 2   Graphics: Gallium 0.4 on NV4E   OS type: 32 bit **What I've Done So Far** went into tty2 and typed in               export DISPLAY=:0; cinnamon --replace &      The first response I received was               [1] 2940      followed up by               Window manager error: Unable to open X display      (Got the idea from Ubuntu SE and tried all the answers there too, nothing worked. The idea of just hitting 'r' and enter didn't help me restart cinnamon either.) The last thing I did was completely removed Cinnamon and then reinstalled it:               sudo apt-get --purge remove cinnamon       sudo apt-get install cinnamon      I restarted my computer, logged in, 5 minutes later, it froze. (:/ didn't help) Since I don't think I can fix this, is there a way to "roll-back" to 1.6.7.?


disable transparent hugepages

We are installing SAP HANA in a **RAID** machine. As part of the installation step, it is mentioned that,                To disable the usage of transparent hugepages set the kernel settings       at runtime with echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled       So instead of runtime, if I wanted to make this a permanent change, should I add the above line inside `/proc/vmstat` file?


How to set g++ 4.8 to be the default after installing?

After executing the following on Ubuntu 12.10 how do I set 4.8 to be the default C++ compiler?               sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test     sudo apt-get update     sudo apt-get install g++-4.8      When I check the version it says I have 4.6 by default. I'd like to change this to 4.8.


Unix dictionary add-on for Mac OS "Dictionary" app?

I've seen there's other dictionaries you can add to OS X's Dictionary app, but all I can find is spoken languages. It'd be nice to, while reading a software book, be able to right click a unix function/keyword/etc and have it come up in Dictionary. Anyone know how to go about this? For Unix or any language/OS/kernel/etc.? I know they have Wikipedia built in, which would work, just wondering if there's anything more programming-specific.


Keyboard map in remote connection without X

I'm connected to a remote machine. I'd like to switch to keyboard layout. If the X server is running I can do:               setxkbmap us -variant colemak      But what can I do, if this is a connection without a X server? I don't have root access and ideally don't want to edit files on the remote.


What is wrong with this "find all vim swap files and remove them with a confirmation" command?

I am trying to remove all vim swap file `*.swp` and remove them with a confirmation. The `find` command found the files, but `rm` says `No such file or directory` with the `-i` option. When I hardcode the path of the file and just use `rm -i` then it seems to work. See below               (doors)hobbes3@hobbes3 ~/Sites $ find mysite mysite_BAK -name *.swp -exec 'rm -i {}' \;     find: rm -i mysite/templates/.base.html.swp: No such file or directory     find: rm -i mysite/templates/doors/orders/.create.html.swp: No such file or directory     find: rm -i mysite/templates/doors/orders/.detail.html.swp: No such file or directory     find: rm -i mysite/templates/doors/orders/.list.html.swp: No such file or directory     (doors)hobbes3@hobbes3 ~/Sites $ rm -i mysite/templates/.base.html.swp      remove mysite/templates/.base.html.swp? n      I guess I'm doing something wrong with the `-exec` option. Any suggestions? Thanks in advance!


How do I set up alpine to read local Unix generated mail

Linux delivers mail to home directory: `/home/linker/Maildir` under which are 3 directories `new`, `cur`, `tmp`. When I type `mail` I get `mail: /home/linker/Maildir/: Is a directory`, which is not useful. I have installed alpine but can't get it access the Maildir directory (above) to read the mails in `new`. I guess its all about the `.pinerc`


List of script( location)s that get run automatically, and when?

Does anybody know (of a resource listing) what scripts are run automatically, and when, from the moment I startup the computer until it's shutdown again. I know several places where I can add scripts to run automatically, but I’ve never been able to figure out a more-or-less complete list. For example, I know these:   * `~/.profile` is executed on login   * I can use `crontab -e` to add scripts that will trigger on certain times and/or dates But I can't figure out where to put scripts so that they'll be executed   * after boot, before X is initialized   * after the X (or other graphical shell) is initialized, but before anyone's logged in   * after logging in on an X session   * before/after fast user switching   * before logging out of an X session   * before shutdown on the X shell   * after shutdown of X, before system halt   * after login/before logout via tty-1..6   * after login/before logout via SSH Is there such a list? If not, can we assemble one here?


Performing accurate snapshot and incremental backups to a remote server

I have a few Ubuntu (and potentially RHEL) servers I'd like to back up to a central backup server (via rsh/SSH). I'd like to do both snapshot and incremental backups. The goal is that if one of the backed-up servers were to suddenly die, I could install a bootstrap image, restore from the backup and ideally be up-and-running immediately thereafter. These servers have unique users and groups and some different gids and uids for the same names. I was considering rsync (local backups work fine, and I have fine-grained control so I can back up xattrs and ACLs as well) but then I realized rsync to a remote server likely won't retain these nuances as expected. So, what's a better way to accomplish this? Is there a package that is commonly used for this purpose?


Using external hard disk to boot 2 different computers with different hardware

I'm a CS student at my university, so I typically run a version of linux at my home computer when I do programming in C or other linux specific stuff. I really hate grub (it never seems to work for me), so I installed ubuntu on an external hard disk, and it boots and runs fine with only a few grub issues. My desktop has and AMD processor and an AMD graphics card. I want to take my laptop to school sometimes (I take my chromebook right now as its much lighter and easier to bike with) when I really need to crank out some work and would like to use ubuntu as well. I guess I am wondering what the best solution here would be: A) Is it possible to dual boot with these different graphics drivers/hardware? I built a vanilla linux kernel [an assignment for one of my classes] and it inserted its own drivers for each kernel version. Would it be possible to build another ubuntu kernel, make it in my grub file, and install only nvidia drivers, then boot that kernel when I use my laptop? (I don't even know if this is possible?) B) Just dual boot 2 ubuntu installations on the external disk? Would rather have one install if possible. Thanks, Mgamerz


GNU: Delayed jobs Queue

Is there a simple way for me to add a shell command to a list of jobs to have run on the system when I'm not logged in? For example: I SSH into my system, decide that I want to read an ebook later, but it's in the wrong format. I'll use Calibre to convert it, but this will take up the CPU for many minutes. I'm in no rush though, so I would like to tell my system to start the Calibre convert operation (just running a shell command) as soon as I log out of my SSH session. Then later when I SSH in again, my converted book will be waiting for me.


Live noise cancellation of microphone audio with JACK, ALSA, Audacity?

Audacity has a very nice noise cancellation filter. Is it possible, using JACK with ALSA, to pipe live audio through Audacity's noise cancellation filter?


How to use wget or other tool to download a file, for which the link is hidden(activates on-click only)

I want to to download some subtitle files, stored in rar files form http://subs.sab.bz/ The site provides rss feeds for its new releases. Unfortunately, the link provided will open a download page, but will not get the file. The download page has a button in the middle, and clicking on it will trigger the download of the desired rar file. Anyway, if I right click and copy the link, and try to open it, the browser will open the download page itself, but will not download the file. When I try to use the download link of the file in wget and curl, a php file is downloaded. I read that in such cases a server- side script is used to pass the correct link to the client machine. So, I am looking for a way to force wget to emulate onclick action of this link. I know html css and javascript enough to find other properties of the download link. Can this even be done? PS. I am quite confused why this question was down-voted? Any good explanation, did I break any rules for posting or something, thank you..


No video with HTML 5 player in YouTube under Iceweasel

Today I noticed that I get no video (the audio is there) when watching an YouTube video using the HTML 5 player (enabled on http://youtube.com/html5). If I use the Flash player, all works correctly, but I'd rather avoid it. What I have from `gstreamer` installed is:               ii  gstreamer0.10-alsa:amd64                     0.10.36-1.1                       amd64        GStreamer plugin for ALSA     ii  gstreamer0.10-gconf:amd64                    0.10.31-3+nmu2                    amd64        GStreamer plugin for getting the sink/source information from GConf     ii  gstreamer0.10-nice:amd64                     0.1.4-1                           amd64        ICE library (GStreamer 0.10 plugin)     ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad:amd64              0.10.23-7.1                       amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "bad" set     ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-base:amd64             0.10.36-1.1                       amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "base" set     ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-good:amd64             0.10.31-3+nmu2                    amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "good" set     ii  gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly:amd64             0.10.19-2+b3                      amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "ugly" set     ii  gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio:amd64               0.10.31-3+nmu2                    amd64        GStreamer plugin for PulseAudio     ii  gstreamer0.10-x:amd64                        0.10.36-1.1                       amd64        GStreamer plugins for X11 and Pango     ii  gstreamer1.0-clutter                         2.0.8-1                           amd64        Clutter PLugin for GStreamer 1.0     ii  gstreamer1.0-libav:amd64                     1:1.2.2-dmo1                      amd64        FFmpeg plugin for GStreamer     ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad:amd64               1.2.2-1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "bad" set     ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-base:amd64              1.2.2-1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "base" set     ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-good:amd64              1.2.1-1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "good" set     ii  gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly:amd64              1.2.2-1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins from the "ugly" set     ii  gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio:amd64                1.2.1-1                           amd64        GStreamer plugin for PulseAudio     ii  gstreamer1.0-x:amd64                         1.2.2-1                           amd64        GStreamer plugins for X11 and Pango     ii  libgstreamer-plugins-bad0.10-0:amd64         0.10.23-7.1                       amd64        GStreamer development files for libraries from the "bad" set     ii  libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0:amd64          1.2.2-1                           amd64        GStreamer development files for libraries from the "bad" set     ii  libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0:amd64        0.10.36-1.1                       amd64        GStreamer libraries from the "base" set     ii  libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-0:amd64         1.2.2-1                           amd64        GStreamer libraries from the "base" set     ii  libgstreamer0.10-0:amd64                     0.10.36-1.2                       amd64        Core GStreamer libraries and elements     ii  libgstreamer1.0-0:amd64                      1.2.2-1                           amd64        Core GStreamer libraries and elements      Looks like I'm missing a codec, but I don't know which one. I am using Debian "testing", Iceweasel 26.0. What to do?


Checking if HyperThreading is enabled or not?

How can I check if hyperthreading is enabled on a Linux machine, using a perl script to check for it? I'm trying the following way:               dmidecode -t processor | grep HTT      Let me know if I'm on right track.


Is there a robust way to cache contents of usb on local hd?

I'd like to switch between working on a laptop with a debian vm and a desktop pc running debian while carrying all my work files in a usb. Is there a robust way to automatically start caching the content of the usb (for fast access and search) on the computer I'm using? Both computers have ssds and the extra storage space this (presumably) would require is not a concern, what I want is the speed of ssds and the portability of a usbs without any significant risk of destroying all my files.


How to easily set up multiple accounts in mutt?

I want to use mutt with multiple accounts. I would like to use different smtp servers for sending email via ssmtp. One internal provided by the company (imap is supported) and one for my private emails (gmail).


RHN Satellite scout won't push

My RHN Satellite (Spacewalk) server is having issues with monitoring. The Spacewalk Monitor Scout will not push out successfully. It always stops with a `Request Expired` status. I can't seem to find any error logs. I don't believe that it is a firewall or SELinux issue. I can run `/usr/bin/ssh -l nocpulse -p 4545 -i /var/lib/nocpulse/.ssh/nocpulse-identity -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o BatchMode=yes computername /bin/sh -s` And get results back from the client machine. But from the web console the scout expires. In addition, all of my monitor probes are stuck in an `Awaiting Update` status. The Spacewalk server public key is in the correct location on all clients `/var/lib/nocpulse/.ssh/authorized-keys`. I'm kind of at a loss. Any help is appreciated.


How to find which screen session is one working on

I use the screen program extensively. It has helped me tremendously by reducing the time spent in setting up session every day. However, now that I have >8 screens - I forget sometimes which screen I am in. Is there a way to find the name of the screen session that I am working in. screen -ls will list all the screen session. Is there a way to detach from all the currently active screen sessions - e.g. at the end of the day.


Program behavior when kill -HUP is recieved?

Is there a way to find out what will program do when it receives kill signal HUP?   Without simply running the command ofc :D For example,   `killall -HUP pppd` will restart pppd   `killall -HUP firefox` will just kill firefox


How can I low-level format flash memory in Linux?

My friend was having problems with a USB flash drive, and I suggested he do a low-level format. Then it occurred to me that I don't even know how to do that in Linux. So... how can I low-level format flash memory in Linux? My friend tried a "full format" on the drive in Windows and it failed.


Undestanding the output of route -n

Can someone explain me what the out put of `route -n`?               # route -n      Kernel IP routing table      Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface     0.0.0.0         192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth1     127.0.0.0       0.0.0.0         255.0.0.0       U     0      0        0 lo     169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     0      0        0 eth1     192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth1


Linux can't recognize the right password when ssh'ing?

I've created a local port forwarding and I was trying to ssh into my own port. During the process, I found that my own Linux won't recognize me even when I have the right password               chulhyun@chulhyun-Inspiron-3420:~$ su     password:      root@chulhyun-Inspiron-3420:/home/chulhyun# ssh root@localhost -p 2200     root@localhost's password:      Permission denied, please try again.     root@localhost's password:           root@chulhyun-Inspiron-3420:/home/chulhyun# exit     exit     chulhyun@chulhyun-Inspiron-3420:~$ ssh chulhyun@localhost -p 2200     chulhyun@localhost's password:      Permission denied, please try again.      I've tried it both as `root@localhost` and `chulhyun@localhost` (chulhyun is my user name). In both cases I have no problem logging into the account but when I enter that password when they ask for my password during ssh'ing, they say its wrong... What am I missing here? Is there supposed to be a separate king of password for network login? * * * update here's my sshd_config               # Package generated configuration file     # See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details          # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for     Port 22     # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to     #ListenAddress ::     #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0     Protocol 2     # HostKeys for protocol version 2     HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key     HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key     HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key     #Privilege Separation is turned on for security     UsePrivilegeSeparation yes          # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key     KeyRegenerationInterval 3600     ServerKeyBits 768          # Logging     SyslogFacility AUTH     LogLevel INFO          # Authentication:     LoginGraceTime 120     PermitRootLogin yes     StrictModes yes          RSAAuthentication yes     PubkeyAuthentication yes     #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys          # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files     IgnoreRhosts yes     # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts     RhostsRSAAuthentication no     # similar for protocol version 2     HostbasedAuthentication no     # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication     #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes          # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)     PermitEmptyPasswords no          # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with     # some PAM modules and threads)     ChallengeResponseAuthentication no          # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords     #PasswordAuthentication yes          # Kerberos options     #KerberosAuthentication no     #KerberosGetAFSToken no     #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes     #KerberosTicketCleanup yes          # GSSAPI options     #GSSAPIAuthentication no     #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes          X11Forwarding yes     X11DisplayOffset 10     PrintMotd no     PrintLastLog yes     TCPKeepAlive yes     #UseLogin no          #MaxStartups 10:30:60     #Banner /etc/issue.net          # Allow client to pass locale environment variables     AcceptEnv LANG LC_*          Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server          # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,     # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will     # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and     # PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,     # PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass     # the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".     # If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without     # PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication     # and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.     UsePAM yes      * * * update here's the result of `ssh -vvv chulhyun@localhost -p 2200`               chulhyun@chulhyun-Inspiron-3420:~$ ssh -vvv chulhyun@localhost -p 2200     OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1.4, OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012     debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config     debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *     debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0     debug1: Connecting to localhost [127.0.0.1] port 2200.     debug1: Connection established.     debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier     debug3: Could not load "/home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_rsa" as a RSA1 public key     debug1: identity file /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_rsa type -1     debug1: identity file /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1     debug1: identity file /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_dsa type -1     debug1: identity file /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1     debug1: identity file /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1     debug1: identity file /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1     debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3     debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH*     debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0     debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1.4     debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK     debug3: put_host_port: [localhost]:2200     debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "[localhost]:2200" from file "/home/chulhyun/.ssh/known_hosts"     debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /home/chulhyun/.ssh/known_hosts:2     debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys     debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-rsa     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v00@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-dss     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-256-96,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-512-96,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com     debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0      debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0      debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5     debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none     debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5     debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP     debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 130/256     debug2: bits set: 501/1024     debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY     debug1: Server host key: RSA 0a:2c:c5:31:6e:46:76:f6:e2:fb:3e:ac:77:96:36:2a     debug3: put_host_port: [127.0.0.1]:2200     debug3: put_host_port: [localhost]:2200     debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "[localhost]:2200" from file "/home/chulhyun/.ssh/known_hosts"     debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /home/chulhyun/.ssh/known_hosts:2     debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys     debug1: Host '[localhost]:2200' is known and matches the RSA host key.     debug1: Found key in /home/chulhyun/.ssh/known_hosts:2     debug2: bits set: 518/1024     debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct     debug2: kex_derive_keys     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent     debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS     debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0     debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received     debug1: Roaming not allowed by server     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent     debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth     debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received     debug2: key: /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil))     debug2: key: /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))     debug2: key: /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil))     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password     debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password     debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-keyex     debug3: remaining preferred: gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-keyex     debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex     debug1: No valid Key exchange context     debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-with-mic     debug3: remaining preferred: publickey,keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-with-mic     debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic     debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information     Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_1000' not found          debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information     Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_1000' not found          debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information               debug1: Unspecified GSS failure.  Minor code may provide more information     Credentials cache file '/tmp/krb5cc_1000' not found          debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey     debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey     debug1: Next authentication method: publickey     debug1: Trying private key: /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_rsa     debug1: read PEM private key done: type RSA     debug3: sign_and_send_pubkey: RSA 69:f0:21:fa:39:b5:5e:79:48:25:4d:b2:dc:59:86:23     debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password     debug1: Trying private key: /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_dsa     debug3: no such identity: /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_dsa     debug1: Trying private key: /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_ecdsa     debug3: no such identity: /home/chulhyun/.ssh/id_ecdsa     debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method     debug3: authmethod_lookup password     debug3: remaining preferred: ,password     debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password     debug1: Next authentication method: password     chulhyun@localhost's password:      debug3: packet_send2: adding 64 (len 59 padlen 5 extra_pad 64)     debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply     debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password     Permission denied, please try again.


How do I detect wheter the audio cable is connected?

I'm using Ubuntu Lucid (10.04). In my shell script running as root I want to detect whether an audio cable (analog jack) is connected to the laptop or not. How do I do that? I don't need a portable solution, I need something, no matter how hacky, that works on my laptop.


Some errors have occured when I installed lucene, a perl module!

Some errors have occured when I installed lucene, a perl module:               [xlwang@localhost Lucene-0.18]$ make test          Running Mkbootstrap for Lucene ()     chmod 644 Lucene.bs     PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 /home/xlwang/local/bin/perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t     t/00-load.t .. 1/1      #   Failed test 'use Lucene;'     #   at t/00-load.t line 6.     #     Tried to use 'Lucene'.     #     Error:  Can't load '/home/xlwang/Lucene-0.18/blib/arch/auto/Lucene/Lucene.so' for module Lucene: /usr/lib/../lib64/libclucene.so.0: undefined symbol: pthread_mutexattr_settype at /home/xlwang/local/lib/perl5/5.20.0/x86_64-linux/DynaLoader.pm line 193.     #  at t/00-load.t line 6.     # Compilation failed in require at t/00-load.t line 6.     # BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at t/00-load.t line 6.     # Testing Lucene 0.18, Perl 5.020000, /home/xlwang/local/bin/perl     # Looks like you failed 1 test of 1.     t/00-load.t .. Dubious, test returned 1 (wstat 256, 0x100)     Failed 1/1 subtests           Test Summary Report     -------------------     t/00-load.t (Wstat: 256 Tests: 1 Failed: 1)       Failed test:  1       Non-zero exit status: 1     Files=1, Tests=1,  1 wallclock secs ( 0.04 usr  0.01 sys +  0.08 cusr  0.03 csys =  0.16 CPU)     Result: FAIL     Failed 1/1 test programs. 1/1 subtests failed.     make: *** [test_dynamic] error 1      My os is Redhat 6.4, and Perl version is 5.20. Please help me to fix it.


Can't run vlock-cmatrixreloaded with acpid anymore, after switching to systemd

In the old days, I configured acpid to launch `vlock-cmatrixreloaded` when I press `Fn` \+ `F2`, now it no longer works since systemd handles TTYs, I just got a screen flash when I press those keys. The only way to invoke it is launch it manually from a tty or xterm, anyway to fix that? **EDIT** `Fn` is a standard function key (like shift) on laptops, and acpi_listen prints: `button/screenlock SCRNLCK 00000080 00000000 K` And in acpid's handler.sh:               button/screenlock)         /usr/bin/vlock-cmatrixreloaded -ans         ;;      Download source code here


Fix this apparmor rule?

I don't really know how to add this rule to the profile, since the name was "wired", it's not some absolute path on my system, > kernel: type=1400 audit(1353749970.556:556): apparmor="ALLOWED" > operation="open" parent=1 profile="/usr/lib/firefox/firefox{,*[^s][^h]}" > name=2F4170706C69636174696F6E2F7468656D65732F4C696F6E2D7468656D652D72656C6F61646564202F67746B2D322E302F67746B7263 > pid=14778 comm="firefox" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 > ouid=1000 Anyone know what sort of rules should I add to firefox's profile? With this unknown stuff denied from reading, firefox looks ugly (no gtk themes applied)


centOS on a flashdrive

I am considering installing `centOS` to a flash drive, using `command line` only. I plan on using `centOS` to become familiar with `Redhat` and get better at utilizing it as a system admin. What is a suitable sized flashdrive I should use for something like this?


How do I identify the user that is attempting to create a file?

I have a PHP script that is attempting to create a file, but it can not because of permissions. I would like to identify which user the system sees as the one requesting to create the file. I would like to know this in a general way, not just a specific solution on how to allow files to be created by PHP.


wi-fi working on and off, mostly off on a HP laptop

I have a HP laptop with Intel Centrino 2230 card. The system is Xubuntu 13. Wifi worked fine until it stopped a couple of days or maybe weeks ago. Now it's mostly off with some on episodes. Specifics: I can connect to a network and obtain an IP address, but can't ping the gateway. The network has WPA2. Setting wlan0 down and up doesn't help. Any idea on how to fix it? EDIT after the response: Windows WIFI on the same laptop works fine, so it's an issue with Linux configuration. I remember turning off N mode (don't remember how) because wi- fi was slow, that helped with speed.


GRE supported in kernel but iproute2 cant create GRE tunnel

Im trying to create IP over GRE tunnel but i get No such device:               ip tunnel add gre0 mode gre remote 192.168.152.22 local 192.168.152.21 ttl 255     ioctl: No such device      I have compiled GRE support in my kernel:               CONFIG_NET_IPGRE_DEMUX=y     CONFIG_NET_IPGRE=y     CONFIG_NET_IPGRE_BROADCAST=y      There is not `gre0` interface when interfaces are displayed via `ifconfig -a` where i see all available network interfaces (also those not upped yet). My kernel version is 2.6.30.9 and `iproute2` version is 2-2.6.33. `ip tunnel show` displays:               ip tunnel show     ioctl: Invalid argument     tunl0: ip/ip  remote any  local any  ttl inherit  nopmtudisc     sit0: ipv6/ip  remote any  local any  ttl 64  nopmtudisc 6rd-prefix 2002::/16


How to recover data lost during aborted local drag and drop?

I have dragged and dropped a large amount of data between two tabs of Thunar (XFCE 4.10) but accidentally clicked cancel during the process. The data have been removed from the source folder and are of course incomplete on the destination folder. The source and the destination folder are on the same partition (ext4) of the same disk (so a bit different from File damaged/lost during transfer? Recovery possible?). I haven't touched anything since. The Thunar "free space" indicator still acts like the data are here. What can I try ? Why did it even move the data on the first place ?


Boot process hangs, can start with "single" + startx

Mint 16 Cinnamon x86_64 fully updated (kernel 3.11.0-14-generic). Drive is encrypted as well as user's home dir. I had been working for a few days with a new install of Mint 16 and have suspended/restarted without issues until today. Now the boot process hangs, but I can log in via "single" and X works with `startx`. The following are the symptoms that I have noticed:   * When the boot process is hung, if I try to log into an alternate tty the login appears to succeed but immediately exits back to a login prompt   * Last message in the hung boot process is:              Starting startpar bridge for notification of upstart job start/stop      , of which there are several.   * The last message in syslog from hung boot is:              dbus[1191]: [system] Successfully activated service 'org.freedesktop.ConsoleKit'        * Last line in kern.log is:              kernel: [   48.127483] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready        * Things that I recall doing directly before the breakage: installed wine, installed some i386 libs to run a prog in wine, installed clamav, installed `ttf-mscorefonts-installer`, installed `oracle-java7-installer` UPDATE: If I start single, and then run "service rcS start" I get the same effect as starting normal. In fact. I have moved all of the S* symlinks out of /etc/rcS.d/ and still experience the issue when starting the rcS service. If I manually start all of the services in rcS.d, I get no errors. I started them using "service ... start". I'm thinking now that this might be related to upstart?


Flash drive in OpenBSD: "specified device does not match mounted device"

I'm a relative BSD newb. I have a small server running OpenBSD 4.4. I'm trying to plug in a 16GB USB flash drive to move some files. I followed the guidance of the Disk Setup documentation, and found the label and filesystem of the desired partition. But when trying to mount the partition, I get the following:               # mount -t ext2fs /dev/sd1i /mnt/flash      mount_ext2fs: /dev/sd1i on /mnt/flash: specified device does not match mounted device      I googled a bit, but nothing I found was particularly helpful. Can anyone shed some light on this message? **Edit:** _Additional Info_               # disklabel sd1     disklabel: warning, DOS partition table with no valid OpenBSD partition     # /dev/rsd1c:     type: SCSI     disk: SCSI disk     label: SanDisk Ultra      flags:     bytes/sector: 512     sectors/track: 63     tracks/cylinder: 255     sectors/cylinder: 16065     cylinders: 1946     total sectors: 31266816     rpm: 3600     interleave: 1     trackskew: 0     cylinderskew: 0     headswitch: 0           # microseconds     track-to-track seek: 0  # microseconds     drivedata: 0           16 partitions:     #                size           offset  fstype [fsize bsize  cpg]       c:         31266816                0  unused      0     0             i:         31262427               63  ext2fs


Mouse clicks stop working after random time, using Awesome WM + Gnome

I'm using the Awesome Window Manager together with Gnome in Linux Mint. I experience the following problem several times a day: Suddenly the mouse partially stops working, which means that I'm still able to move the cursor, but any mouse clicks won't do anything. Moreover, the cursor doesn't change when it should, e.g. when hovering over links. This state doesn't change until restarting the computer or restarting the X server with Ctrl+Alt+Backspace. Despite this the system works quite normal. (I'm writing this message without mouse at the moment) I think it's very unlikely that it is the mouse as changing the mouse doesn't change the behaviour. To me, it feels a bit like some invisible window was put over the whole screen, or some application "captured" the mouse and didn't release it, but thats only speculation. I even tried it via TeamViewer, and it shows the same behaviour -- moving works, hovering and clicking does not. I should mention the problem is global, not limited to any special program. Now I know when the bug occurs exactly: If I click in a Gtk application (like Nautilus, Gedit, Ubuntu Software Center) somewhere in the menu bar or the toolbar where no menu or button is (e.g., right of the "Help" menu in Nautilus), then this bug occurs. If I close the corresponding application, it goes away. I'm going to start a new thread for this.


Simple bash script taking too long to execute

I wrote the following function in my `.bashrc` for use instead of `rm *` :               function re()     {     cp . -R /home/glset/ritwik/trash/     rm *     }      It works .. but it is very slow. Even for small files it takes too long to execute. It is always faster to just fire the two commands one after the other which defeats the purpose of the function in teh first place. Am I doing somethign wrong here ? What makes it take more time ?


Flag a package as being configured on Debian even if it's not

For various reasons, I have a package on my Debian system which cannot configure itself properly. I know why and I don't want to correct the problem right now. However, I want to avoid `apt` _trying_ to configure it each time I install an unrelated package (for at least 20 seconds). To do so, I would like to flag this package as being configured, even if it is not. That is, **make`apt` believe that it is configured**. How can I do that? _Some context:_ if you must know, my mysql database is corrupted. I will fix that later, but I did upgrade my mysql-server package in the meanwhile, and since that time, as the configuring script cannot succeed to launch the db- server, it fails, making `apt` painful to use.


What are some good profiling tools for Linux?

I'm looking for some good profiling tools for Linux like OProfile. What I would like to see is how the operating system manages the interrupts, cache, read/writes, etc (lots of other intricate operations inside the OS) for different applications and workloads. Ofcourse, I can select a bunch of different system monitoring tools like sar, iostat, vmstat and what not, but using different type of tools and synchronizing all the data is a pain, especially when you are monitoring cache line, interrupts, etc. Oprofile gives a nice overview and detailed analysis of what I want, but sometimes it fails to run on the latest kernels. I'm not sure why. But in any case, I would like to know if there is a nice alternative to this?