Mathematics, Machine Learning, Linear Algebra, Math, Getting Started.
given vector space and scalars c and d: the following algebraic properties¹ hold: (i) commutative*: u + v = v + u (ii) associative*: (u + v) + w = w + (v + w) (iii) additive identity: u + 0 = 0 + u = u (iv) additive inverse: u + (-u) = -u + u = 0 (v) distributive with vectors: c(u + v) = cu + cv