Machine Learning, Data Science, Mathematics, Markov Chains, Towards Data Science.
are aperiodic. For an irreducible Markov chain, we can also mention the fact that if one state is aperiodic then all states are aperiodic. Illustration of the periodicity property. The chain on the left is 2-periodic: when leaving any state, it always takes a multiple of 2 steps to come back to it.