Unsupervised Learning, Complex Systems, Principal Component, Dimensionality Reduction, Emergence.
Simplest phase transition model The 2D Ising model is one of the simplest models for ferromagnetic materials and consists of a grid of spins that are described by a discrete variable that takes just two values σᵢ = -1, 1, i.e., spin “up” and spin “down”. The interaction between these spins is given