Probability Theory, Expectations, Variance, Mathematics.
c is the constant itself, i.e., E(c) = c. Product of Independent Random Variables: If X and Y are independent, then E(XY) = E(X)E(Y). Properties of Variance Non-Negativity: Variance is always non-negative, i.e., Var(X) ≥ 0. This is because variance is the average of squared deviations, and squares