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to define the ATEᵣₑₐ as the following equation: The ATE of the reader’s perspective can be written with T_tilde and Z_tilde. Adapted from Pryzant et al. (2021). The ATEᵣₑₐ is said to be equal to the ATE𝓌ᵣᵢ, and the text W, splits into the information that the reader uses to perceive the tilde