Causality, Causal Inference, Philosophy Of Science, Ethical Ai, Mediation Analysis.
(1), R_YX − R_YX·M = R_MX*R_YM·X, is a universal identity among regression coefficients of any three variables, and has nothing to do with causation or mediation. It will continue to hold regardless of whether confounders are present, whether the underlying model is linear or nonlinear, or whether