NFL, Football, Sports Analytics, Data Science, Statistics.
states were defined by the down, the yards to go for a first down, and yardline. The yards to go were grouped to ensure there is a high enough frequency for each category, including 1–3, 4–7, 8–10, 11–15, 16–20, and 20+ yards to go. The yardline was also grouped into sections of 5 with 20 sections