Causality, Causal Inference, Philosophy Of Science, Ethical Ai, Mediation Analysis.
the arrows in the model of Fig. 1(a) point in the right direction. Pearl shows that this procedure only has meaning when the causal relationships underlying the observations are linear, that is, in a structural causal model for the system, f_M(X, U_M) and f_Y(X, M, U_Y) can be modelled as linear