Causality, Causal Inference, Philosophy Of Science, Ethical Ai, Mediation Analysis.
variable listens to (caused by) another: Figure 1. A simple example of a graphical causal diagram with “hidden factor” as a confounder between “smoking” and “lung cancer”. © Sanna Tyrväinen A causal diagram could be extended with a structural causal model which is described below. Causal models are