Machine Learning, Causal Inference, Meta Learning, Instruments, Observational Studies.
mixture model are the output of a “first-stage” neural net whose inputs are (xᵢ, wᵢ, zᵢ). Optimization of the “first-stage” neural net is done by stochastic gradient descent on the (mixture-of-normals) likelihood, while optimization of the “second-stage” model for the treatment effects is done by