Data Science, Statistics, Analytics, Experiment, Causality.
as well. The total effect is given by (X → Z) + (X → Y → Z). If we assume the latter effect is multiplicative, then we can claim (X → Y → Z) = (X → Y) × (Y → Z). This assumption is reasonable if we work with linear models. A unit increase in X causes an increase of (X → Y) in Y, and that (X → Y)