Physics, Electricity, Magnetism, Science, Math.
electric field through the Gaussian surface. φ = ∮E . dA [dot product of E and dA] or, φ = ∮E*dA*cos θ . . . . . (2) From equation (1) and (2) , q/ε₀ = ∮E*dA*cos θ E is constant through the surface . Because , all points on the surface are in same distance from the center. Previously in this