AI, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Data Science.
and white pixels) or normalized to [0, 1]. For example, suppose that the actual pixel value of a certain pixel is 0.7 and the output of the autoencoder for that pixel is 0.4. The formula for binary cross-entropy (BCE) loss in an autoencoder is: BCE = -(1/N) * sum(x * log(y) + (1-x) * log(1-y))