Machine Learning, Causal Inference, Meta Learning, Instruments, Observational Studies.
we estimate the CATE function 𝜏∗ = E{Y(1)−Y(0) | X = x }. The treatment propensity and the conditional surfaces can be represented as: The CATE function 𝜏∗(x) can be re-written in terms of the conditional mean outcome as follows: The first formula is called Robinson’s transformation for flexible