Molecular Biology, Oncology, Research, Cell Signalling, Medical.
process is regulated by several kinases of the MAPK pathway which phosphorylate and activate the downstream second messenger proteins, following the order: Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK (7,8). The Ras/Raf/MAPK (MEK)/ERK pathway is the most important signalling cascade among all MAPK signal transduction pathways