Causality, Causal Inference, Backdoor, Frontdoor, Instrumental Variable.
is still possible to compute an unbiased estimate of the causal effect of X on Y. The front-door adjustment allows us to achieve this by measuring the effect of X on FD and FD on Y. x_fd_fit <- lm(fd~x, data = df) fd_y_fit <- lm(y~fd + x, data = df) # here x is included to block back-door effects