Operations Research, Mathematical Modeling, Economics, Flooding, Economic Models.
(for compatibility with units used in the damage function), we need to apply transformation Q to get a cost measurement in billions of dollars. Thus, Q(inv_def) ∈ [0, ec_out − cons]. (III) Measured in billions of dollars inv_phys ∈ [0, ec_out — cons − Q(inv_def)]. As mentioned previously, our