Mathematics, Vector Calculus, Learning Mathematics, Math.
from earlier proofs, so a possible N could be dT/ds / |dT/ds|, which makes dT/ds = |dT/ds|*N, but I didn’t know how to define |dT/ds| as κ. In the 2D case κ is defined as |dθ/ds|where θ is defined as the angle the tangent makes with the x axis. But θ doesn’t make sense in the 3D case. φ as the