Causality, Causal Inference, Backdoor, Frontdoor, Instrumental Variable.
Pearl et al. (2016), and for an in-depth coverage an interested reader can check Pearl (2009), Morgan and Winship (2015) or Prof. Jason Roy’s online class (Roy, 2020). 2. An Example Causal Model When using statistical methods to infer causality, typically we are interested in the magnitude of the