Machine Learning, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence.
under addition and multiplication: a + b ∈ F, a · b ∈ F. 2. Associativity of addition and multiplication: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c), (a · b) · c = a · (b · c) 3. Commutativity of addition and multiplication: a + b = b + a, a · b = b · a 4. Existence of additive and multiplicative identities: There