Battery, Life Cycle Assessment, Environment, Li Ion Battery.
Nickel-based cathodes because they only require “earth-abundant” materials. However, if we are to produce 2 TWh of LFP batteries per year by 2030, with 500 Wh/kg of cathode energy density of LFP, and Phosphorous being 19.6% of LFP cathode by mass, 784,000 metric tonnes of phosphorous will go yearly