Data Science, Statistics, Analytics, Experiment, Causality.
fitted(propensity_model) ) dat[,.(sum(engagement / propensity) / sum(1/propensity)), by = subscribed] In this simulation, we make a subscription increase user engagement by 20. The simulated data: If we naively compare the averages aggregated by subscribed, we get 114 - 63 = 51. But we know the