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successfully replicated. If k out of n servers are successfully replicated, then we will need to perform E(n-k) additional attempts because k servers has been already replicated. The probability of this is nCk*(1-p)^k*p^(n-k). E(n) = 1 + (sum k=0 to n) nCk * (1-p)^k * p^(n-k) * E(n-k) E(n) = 1 +