Machine Learning, Causal Inference, Meta Learning, Instruments, Observational Studies.
ATE for stratification is estimated as: where Ȳₜ(j) and Ȳ꜀(j) are the average of the treated and control outcomes in the jᵗʰ block, respectively. Furthermore, q(j) = N(j)/N is the portion of the units in the jᵗʰ block to the whole units. (See: A Survey on Causal inference.) Double machine learning