Linear Algebra, Inner Product, Cross Product, Orthogonality.
special form of multiplication between two vectors that results in a scalar, not a vector. Mathematically, if we have two vectors u = (u1, u2, …, un) and v = (v1, v2, …, vn), their inner product is defined as the sum of the products of their corresponding elements, i.e., u · v = u1v1 + u2v2 + … +