Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Llm, ChatGPT, Gpt 3.
derivative zT Hf(x) z is computed. This expression is approximated with finite differences: Combining Equations 2 and 3 and simplifying with h=1, an estimate of the negative Hessian trace is: If the noise distribution is symmetric, that is, p(z)=p(-z) for all z, then we can simplify Equation 4 to: