Homomorphic Encryption, Optical Computing, Silicon Photonics, Post Quantum Cryptography.
information to make it secure. This isn’t normally a problem for LWE (or the related ring-learning with errors problem; more on that in a bit), but it’s a major headache for FHE. It means that when we add or multiply two ciphertexts encrypted using an LWE method, the noise in the secret data also