Game Theory, Artificial Intelligence.
game-theoretic solution concepts (http://nebula.wsimg.com/e1b8017843b51376e6c6c2c6fc59d62b?AccessKeyId=4F0E80116E133E66881C&disposition=0&alloworigin=1.) Note that this problem applies to two-player zero-sum games as well as for the more challenging classes of non-zero-sum and multiplayer games.