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the scalar, or multiplying each vector by the scalar and then adding the results vectorially. Let’s consider a = 3, v = (1, 2), and w = (-1, 3). Then a(v + w) = 3[(1, 2) + (-1, 3)] = 3(0, 5) = (0, 15). On the other hand, av + aw = 3(1, 2) + 3(-1, 3) = (3, 6) + (-3, 9) = (0, 15). As we can see, both