Passwordless, Passwords, Argon2, Encryption, Cryptography.
better understanding by going through them : https://medium.com/system-weakness/the-evolution-of-internet-protocols-the-rise-of-tls-1-3-af6dd8cb3394 https://medium.com/aws-in-plain-english/how-aws-s3-requests-are-authenticated-hmac-sha256-in-depth-87c32fb4fc9a