Colour Theory, Linear Algebra, Vector Space, Colorimetry, Linear Transformation.
(associativity) u + v = v + u (commutativity) 1v = v (existence of identity 1 of scalar multiplication) a(bv) = (ab)v (compatibility of scalar multiplication with field multiplication) a(u + v) = au + av (distributivity of scalar multiplication on vector addition) The above axioms 1 to 3 correspond