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the reason why. Both our |0⟩ and |1⟩ are the eigenstates of the Z− gate. That’s why they are also popularly called the Z− basis. We also use another basis, known as the X basis, formed by the eigenstates of the X gates. We call these vectors |+⟩ and |−⟩ The Hadamard Gate The Hadamard gate is a