Causality, Causal Inference, Philosophy Of Science, Ethical Ai, Mediation Analysis.
consistent, unlike Baron & Kenny’s definitions of direct and indirect effect, which “must” add up to the total effect. An alternative equation holds: TE(X = x → X = x’) = NDE(X = x → X = x’) - NIE(X = x’ → X = x): the total causal effect equals the natural direct effect of the transition from X = x