Causality, Causal Inference, Philosophy Of Science, Ethical Ai, Mediation Analysis.
would not happen if not X”, they probably think about so-called necessary (and sufficient) causes. But on a closer look, one notices that both are just sub-categories of contributory/”general” causes (e. g., a necessary cause: P(Y|do(X)) != 0, P(Y|do(~X)) = 0), and this general concept of a cause