Physics, Electricity, Magnetism, Science, Math.
them is 0. So, equation (3) becomes , q/ε₀ = E ∮dA * cos ⁰⁰ q/ε₀ = E ∮dA * 1 q/ε₀ = E ∮dA Now, ∮dA is the surface area of the outer sphere . So, ∮dA = 4πR² q/ε₀ = E * 4πR² So, This expression is the same as that of a point charge. It is as if the entire charge is concentrated at the center of the