Mathematics, Vector Calculus, Learning Mathematics, Math.
ds/dt = 1 T = dR/dt / |dR/dt| = –sin(t)i + cos(t)j N = dT/t / |dT/t| = –cos(t)i + –sin(t)j dN/ds = dN/dt / ds/dt = sin(t)i + –cos(t)j dB/ds = T x dN/ds = (sin(t)cos(t) – sin(t)cos(t)) k = 0*k τ =| dB/ds| = 0 .. which is what I expect. Ok now the spiral with twice as many rotations: R(t) = cos(t)i +