Causal Inference, Causality, Econometrics, Statistics, Getting Started.
that takes the value one if a headache is present and zero otherwise. The subscript “i” refers to the observed entity (e.g., a person, a lab rat, a city, etc.). Finally, the term ‘treatment’ refers to the ‘cause’ you are interested in (e.g., a pill, an advertisement, a policy, etc.). Using this