Quantum Computing, Quantum Algorithms.
sine and cosine. In cases where phi is a multiple of pi, including 0, the sine term is zero (sin(0) == 0 and sin(pi) == 0). So, exp(i pi) == cos(pi) == -1. If the phase angle is written as a decimal fraction, the two pi conversion factor must be propagated in Euler’s formula: exp (two pi i phi) ==