Optimization, Programming, Python, Evolutionary Algorithms, Editors Pick.
rugosity_1 = (xt[0] * np.sin(15 * xt[0]) - 0.5) ** 2\ + (xt[1] * np.sin(15 * xt[1]) - 2) ** 2 rugosity_2 = np.sin(15 * x[0]) ** 2 + np.sin(25 * x[1]) ** 2 convex = obj_fun(x) return 5 * rugosity_2 + rugosity_1 + convex Nonconvex example. (Image by the author). I find this image beautiful, although