Enjoy Writing, Tech, Proposal.
being Spiro-IA. 6.3. The Role of Spiro-IA Spiro-IA is a fluorene-based dopant-free hole-transporting material that has high yield, and is more soluble, stable, conductive, and simple to produce than conventional Spiro-OMeTAD. Spiro-IA is also inexpensive, as its unit cost is only 1/9 of the price