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Alexander, with a few of his friends, travelled through the Egyptian desert to the Oasis of Siwa. As king, Philip used both diplomacy and war to expand Macedonian territory. A Mass Wedding In early B. This battle earned Philip immense prestige, as well as the free acquisition of Pherae. In BC, with the Persian venture in its earliest stages, Philip was assassinated, and was succeeded as king by his son Alexander III, the soon-to-be conqueror of Persia.

He was sidelined at Gaza, however, and forced to endure another lengthy siege. Macedonian laughter caused the experiment to founder, and Alexander abandoned it. In BC, Philip started the siege of Perinthus. The same fate was inflicted on other cities of the Chalcidian peninsula.

Philip returned to Macedonia in BC. Many obstacles and people unfriendly to Alexander fought him along the way. A quick surrender saved them this time, but a second revolt by Thebes upon a rumor that Alexander had died while campaigning against tribes in the north led to a second rapid descent by the Macedonian king and the destruction of Thebes as a warning to other Greeks.

But, more important, the Macedonians, leaders and men alike, rejected the idea, and in the later Seleucid empire the Greek and Macedonian element was to be clearly dominant. For example, Hellenistic armies were much larger than the armies of the old Greek city-states.

Increasingly paranoid, Alexander ordered the death of one of his most esteemed generals, Parmerio, in B. His vast empire stretched east into India. The knot was tied so the ends could not be found. Antipater of the city of Sidon, created a poem around BC that listed seven wonders of the world. Greek sculpture also had its influence on the Gandharan style of Buddhist sculpture as seen by the portrayal of curly haired Buddhas, even though the Greeks were the only ones in the area with curly hair.

Most of these colonies were concentrated in the western parts of the empire, especially in Asia Minor and Syria, the most famous being the Syrian city of Antioch. It was probably in connection with a general order now sent out to the Greeks to honour Hephaestion as a hero that Alexander linked the demand that he himself should be accorded divine honours.

Shortly afterward, father and son were reconciled and Alexander returned, but his position as heir was jeopardized.Philip II of Macedon (Greek: Φίλιππος Β΄ ὁ Μακεδών; – BC) was the king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from BC until his assassination in BC.

He was a member of the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings, the third son of King Amyntas III of Macedon, and father of Alexander the Great and Philip III. Alexander encouraged his soldiers to marry Persian women, in this way, the children of these marriages would share both Persian and Greek cultures.

Alexander created the Hellenistic Age, a time when Greek culture mixed with the various cultures of Alexander's Empire.

This was a time of advances in learning, math, art, and architecture. 

Interest in Greek art and culture remained strong during the Roman Imperial period, and especially so during the reigns of the emperors Augustus (r. 27 B.C. –14 A.D.) and Hadrian (r. – A.D.). For centuries, Roman artists continued to make works of art in the Hellenistic tradition. The changes in macedonia and greece during the reign of alexander the great and the hellenistic peri