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Understanding And Function Router

A router is a device that transmits data packets over a network or the Internet to its destination through a process known as tuning. The tuning process occurs in layer 3 (Network layer such as Internet Protocol) of the OSI seven-layer stack protocol.

Router Functions
Routers act as connecting two or more networks to pass data from one network to another. Different routers with switches. Switches are connecting several tools to form a Local Area Network (LAN). As an illustration of the different functions of routers and switches, switches are a way, while routers are interconnected links. Each house is on a street that has an address in a certain order. In the same way, the switch connects a variety of tools, where each tool has its own IP address on a LAN.

Routers are used extensively in TCP / IP protocol-based networking, and they are also called IP routers. In addition to the IP Router, there is another AppleTalk Router, and there are still several other types of routers. The Internet is a prime example of a network that has many IP routers. Routers can be used to connect multiple small networks to a larger network, called an internetwork, or to divide a large network into multiple subnetworks to improve performance and also simplify management. Routers are also sometimes used to connect two networks that use different media (such as wireless routers that in general other than he can connect a computer by using radio, it also supports UTP cable connections), or different network architectures, as well as from Ethernet To the Token Ring. Routers can also be used to connect a LAN to a telecommunication service such as a telecommunications leased line or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL). Routers used to connect a LAN to a leased line connection such as T1, or T3, are often referred to as access servers. Meanwhile, the router that is used to connect a local network to a DSL connection is also called a DSL router. Such routers generally have firewall functionality to perform packet filtering based on the source address and destination address of the packet, although some routers do not have it. Routers that feature packet filtering are also called packet-filtering routers. Routers generally block broadcasted data traffic in broadcast so as to prevent broadcast storms that can slow network performance.

Types of Routers
In general, the router is divided into two types, namely:

Static Router is a router that has a static routing table which is manually set by network administrators.

Dynamic Router is a router that has and create dynamic routing tables, by listening to network traffic and also by interconnecting with other routers.

The workings of routers are similar to network bridges, ie they can forward network data packets and can also divide the network into multiple segments or unify network segments. However, the router runs on the third layer of the OSI model (network layer), and uses the addressing scheme used in that layer, as well as the IP address. Meanwhile, the network bridge runs on the second layer of the OSI model (data-link layer), and uses the addressing scheme used in that layer, the MAC address.

While Bridge, should be used to connect network segments that run the same network protocol (for example: IP-based network segment with other IP network segment). In addition, bridges can also be used when in the network there are protocols that can not perform routing, as well as NetBEUI. In the meantime, routers should be used to connect network segments running different network protocols (as well as to connect IP network segments with IPX network segments.) Generally speaking, routers are smarter than network bridges and can increase network bandwidth, given the router Not forwarding broadcast packets to the intended network. And, the most common use of routers is when we want to connect our network to the internet.

Source: id.wikipedia.org

