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Pituitary Gland, Anterior: The anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. It secretes the Adenohypophyseal hormones that regulate vital functions such as Growth; Metabolism; and Reproduction.

Thyroid Exam JoVE 10098

Source: Richard Glickman-Simon, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA

The thyroid gland is located in the neck anterior trachea between the cricoid cartilage (above) and the suprasternal notch (below) (Figure 1). It consists of a right and left lobe connected by an isthmus. The isthmus covers the second, third, and fourth tracheal rings, and the lobes curve posteriorly around the sides of the trachea and esophagus. The normal gland, weighing 10 - 25 g, is usually invisible on inspection and often difficult to palpate. A goiter is an enlarged thyroid from any cause. In addition to assessing its size, it is important to palpate the thyroid for its shape, mobility, consistency, and tenderness. A normal thyroid is soft, smooth, symmetrical, and non-tender, and it slides upward slightly when swallowing. Symmetrical enlargement of a soft, smooth thyroid suggests endemic hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency or one of two prevalent autoimmune disorders: Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thyroid nodules are common and usually incidental; however, 10% of thyroid nodules turn out to be malignant. They may be single or multiple, and are most often firm and non-tender. A tender, symmetrical goiter typically indicates thyr…

Physical Examinations II

A Visual Description of the Dissection of the Cerebral Surface Vasculature and Associated Meninges and the Choroid Plexus from Rat Brain

John F. Bowyer1, Monzy Thomas1, Tucker A. Patterson1, Nysia I. George2, Jeffrey A. Runnells3, Mark S. Levi1

1Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 2Division of Personalized Nutrition and Medicine, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3Office of Planning, Finance, and Information Technology, National Center for Toxicological Research JoVE 4285

Healthy Brain-pituitary Slices for Electrophysiological Investigations of Pituitary Cells in Teleost Fish

Romain Fontaine*1, Kjetil Hodne*1, Finn-Arne Weltzien1

1Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences JoVE 57790

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Allyson E. Kennedy1, Amanda J. Dickinson1

1Biology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University JoVE 52062

A Portal Vein Injection Model to Study Liver Metastasis of Breast Cancer

Erica T. Goddard1, Jacob Fischer1, Pepper Schedin1

1Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University JoVE 54903

Treatment of Ligament Constructs with Exercise-conditioned Serum: A Translational Tissue Engineering Model

Ann Lee-Barthel1, Keith Baar1,2, Daniel W. D. West1,3

1Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, 2Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, 3Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto JoVE 55339

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Adeel Kaiser1, John G. Eley1, Nasarachi E. Onyeuku1, Stephanie R. Rice1, Carleen C. Wright2, Nathan E. McGovern2, Megan Sank2, Mingyao Zhu1, Zeljko Vujaskovic1, Charles B. Simone, II1, Arif Hussain3

1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 2Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Medical Center, 3Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center

JoVE 58372

Identification of OTX1 and OTX2 As Two Possible Molecular Markers for Sinonasal Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastomas

Andrea Conti1, Cristina Pirrone1, Alessandro Marando1, Giovanni Micheloni1, Alessia Rainero1, Giorgia Millefanti4, Lucia Tararà1, Andrea Pistochini3, Francesco Lo Curto1, Francesco Pasquali1, Paolo Castelnuovo3, Giovanni Porta1

1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 2Department of Surgical and Morphological Science, University of Insubria, 3Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, 4Policlinical of Milan, University of Milan

JoVE 56880

Development of a Cadaveric Multiport Model of Posterior Circulation Aneurysm Clipping for Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Residents

Haley E. Gillham1, Brandon Lucke-Wold2, Aclan Dogan1, Justin Cetas1, William E. Cameron1, Jeremy N. Ciporen1

1Oregon Health & Science University, 2West Virginia University School of Medicine

JoVE 56809

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Mahmoud Messerer1, Giulia Cossu1, Mercy George2, Roy Thomas Daniel1

1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Lausanne JoVE 55896

Dissection and Coronal Slice Preparation of Developing Mouse Pituitary Gland

Dongmei Cao1, Xianhua Ma1, Weiping J. Zhang1, Zhifang Xie1,2

1Department of Pathophysiology, Second Military Medical University, 2Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University JoVE 56356

Dual Somatic Recordings from Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons Identified by Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in Hypothalamic Slices

Peter J. Hemond1, Kelly J. Suter1

1Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio - UTSA JoVE 1678

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Shey-Cherng Tzou1, Melissa A. Landek-Salgado1, Hiroaki Kimura1, Patrizio Caturegli1

1Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University JoVE 2181

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Melissa A. Landek-Salgado1, Shey-Cherng Tzou1, Hiroaki Kimura1, Patrizio Caturegli1
 JoVE 2182

Isolation of Basal Cells and Submucosal Gland Duct Cells from Mouse Trachea

Ahmed E. Hegab1, Vi Luan Ha1, Yasser S. Attiga1, Derek W. Nickerson1, Brigitte N. Gomperts1

1Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA JoVE 3731

Recording Electrical Activity from Identified Neurons in the Intact Brain of Transgenic Fish

Yali Zhao1, Nancy L. Wayne1

1Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles JoVE 50312

Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Laura A. Jacox*1,3, Amanda J. Dickinson*4, Hazel Sive2,3

1Biological Sciences in Dental Medicine, Harvard University, 2Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 3Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4Biology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University JoVE 50697

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition

Daniel A. Lee1,2, Juan Salvatierra2, Esteban Velarde3, John Wong3, Eric C. Ford4, Seth Blackshaw2,5

1Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 2Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, and Ophthalamology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 3Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4Department of Radiation Oncology, University Of Washington Medical Center, 5Institute for Cell Engineering and High-Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine JoVE 50716

Minimally Invasive Thumb-sized Pterional Craniotomy for Surgical Clip Ligation of Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms

Eric M Deshaies1,2, Mark R Villwock1, Amit Singla3, Gentian Toshkezi4, David J Padalino1

1Neurovascular and Stroke Center, Crouse Neuroscience Institute, 2Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 3Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, 4Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University JoVE 51661

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Kelly Yarnell1, Rebecca S. Purcell2, Susan L. Walker2

1School of Animal Rural and Environmental Science, Nottingham Trent University, 2Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester JoVE 53479

Visualizing the Interrenal Steroidogenic Tissue and Its Vascular Microenvironment in Zebrafish

Chih-Wei Chou1, Jamie Lin1, Hsin-Yu Hou1, Yi-Wen Liu1

1Department of Life Science, Tunghai University JoVE 54820

Exposure of the Pig CNS for Histological Analysis: A Manual for Decapitation, Skull Opening, and Brain Removal

Carsten R. Bjarkam1, Dariusz Orlowski2, Laura Tvilling2, Johannes Bech2, Andreas N. Glud2, Jens-Christian H. Sørensen2

1Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Institute of Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, 2Center of Experimental Neuroscience (Cense), Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital JoVE 55511

Frequent Tail-tip Blood Sampling in Mice for the Assessment of Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Secretion

Richard B. McCosh1, Michael J. Kreisman1, Kellie M. Breen1

1Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine JoVE 57894