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Haneda Airport

(Redirected from Tokyo International Airport)
"Haneda" redirects here. For the neighborhood of Ōta, Tokyo, see Haneda, Ōta, Tokyo.
"Tokyo International Airport" redirects here. For Tokyo's main international airport, see Narita International Airport.
File:Haneda Airfield 1937.jpg
Haneda Airfield in 1937

Tokyo International Airport (東京国際空港, Tōkyō Kokusai Kūkō?), commonly known as Haneda Airport (羽田空港, Haneda Kūkō?) or Tokyo Haneda Airport (IATA: HND, ICAO: RJTT), is one of the two primary airports that serve the Greater Tokyo Area, and is the primary base of Japan's two major domestic airlines, Japan Airlines (Terminal 1) and All Nippon Airways (Terminal 2), as well as Air Do, Skymark Airlines, Solaseed Air, and StarFlyer. It is located in Ōta, Tokyo, 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) south of Tokyo Station.

Haneda handled 72,826,862 passengers in 2014; by passenger throughput, it was the third busiest airport in Asia and the fourth busiest in the world, after Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Beijing Capital International Airport (Asia's busiest) and Dubai International Airport.[6] It is able to handle 90 million passengers per year following its expansion in 2010. With Haneda and Narita combined Tokyo has the third busiest city airport system in the world, after London and New York City.



Before the construction of Haneda Airport, aviators in Tokyo used various beaches of Tokyo Bay as airstrips, including beaches near the current site of Haneda. In 1930, the Japanese postal ministry purchased a 48-hectare (120-acre) portion of waterfront land from a private individual in order to construct an airport.[7]

Empire/war era (1931–1945)

During the 1930s, Haneda handled flights to destinations in Japan, Korea and Manchuria.[8] The major Japanese newspapers also built their first flight departments at Haneda during this time, and Manchukuo National Airways began service between Haneda and Hsinking. JAT was renamed Imperial Japanese Airways following its nationalization in 1938.[7] Passenger and freight traffic grew dramatically in these early years. In 1939, Haneda's first runway was extended to 800 metres (2,600 ft) in length and a second 800-metre (2,600 ft) runway was completed.[9] The airport's size grew to 72.8 hectares (180 acres) using land purchased by the postal ministry from a nearby exercise ground.[7]

U.S. occupation (1945–1952)

File:Haneda Airport in 1952.JPG
U.S. Air Force C-97 Stratofreighter at Haneda Army Air Base in 1952

International era (1952–1978) Japan Airlines flight attendants in 1952

Domestic era (1978–2010)

File:Tokyo International Airport Terminal 1 -01.jpg
Terminal 1, completed in 1993, now houses Japan's flag carrier Japan Airlines and Skymark
File:Haneda Bigbird Tarminal 2.jpg
Terminal 2, completed in 2004, now houses All Nippon Airways, StarFlyer, Skynet Asia and Air Do.

While most international flights moved from Haneda to Narita in 1978, airlines based in the Republic of China continued to use Haneda Airport for many years due to the ongoing political conflict between the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China. China Airlines served Taipei and Honolulu from Haneda; Taiwan's second major airline, EVA Air, joined CAL at Haneda in 1999. All Taiwan flights were moved to Narita in 2002, and Haneda-Honolulu services ceased. In 2003, JAL, ANA, Korean Air and Asiana began service to Gimpo Airport near Seoul, providing a "scheduled charter" city-to-city service.

In October 2006, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao reached an informal agreement to launch bilateral talks regarding an additional city-to-city service between Haneda and Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport.[19] On 25 June 2007, the two governments concluded an agreement allowing for the Haneda-Hongqiao service to commence from October 2007.[20]

Expansion of international service

File:Haneda International Terminal and Station.JPG
The international terminal, opened in October 2010
File:Haneda Expansion en.svg
Haneda airport expansion layout

A third terminal for international flights was completed in October 2010. The cost to construct the five-story terminal building and attached 2,300-car parking deck was covered by a private finance initiative process, revenues from duty-free concessions and a facility use charge of ¥2,000 per passenger. Both the Tokyo Monorail and the Keikyū Airport Line added stops at the new terminal, and an international air cargo facility was constructed nearby.[25][26] The fourth runway (05/23), which is called D Runway,[27] was also completed in 2010, having been constructed via land reclamation to the south of the existing airfield. This runway was designed to increase Haneda's operational capacity from 285,000 movements to 407,000 movements per year, permitting increased frequencies on existing routes, as well as routes to new destinations.[25] In particular, Haneda would offer additional slots to handle 60,000 overseas flights a year (30,000 during the day and 30,000 during late night and early morning hours).[28][29]

In May 2008, the Japanese Ministry of Transport announced that international flights would be allowed between Haneda and any overseas destination, provided that such flights must operate between 11 PM and 7 AM.[28] The Ministry of Transport originally planned to allocate a number of the newly available landing slots to international flights of 1,947 kilometres (1,210 mi) or less (the distance to Ishigaki, the longest domestic flight operating from Haneda).[25]

30,000 annual international slots became available upon the opening of the international terminal in October 2010, and were allocated to government authorities in several countries for further allocation to airlines. While service to Seoul, Taipei, Shanghai and other regional destinations continued to be allowed during the day, long-haul services were limited to overnight hours. Many long-haul services from Haneda struggled, such as British Airways service to London (temporarily suspended and then restored on a less than daily basis) and Air Canada service to Vancouver (announced but never commenced). Delta Air Lines replaced its initial service to Detroit with service to Seattle.[30] In October 2013, American Airlines announced the cancellation of its service between Haneda and New York JFK stating that it was "quite unprofitable" owing to the schedule constraints at Haneda.[31]

Daytime international slots were allocated in October 2013. In the allocation among Japanese carriers, All Nippon Airways argued that it should receive more international slots than Japan Airlines due to JAL's recent government-supported bankruptcy restructuring, and ultimately won 11 daily slots to JAL's five.[30] Nine daytime slot pairs remained unallocated and were intended to be used for service to the United States, but allocation talks were stalled as of January 2014, leading the Japanese government to release these slots for charter services to other countries through October 2014.[33] The new daytime slots led to increased flight capacity between Tokyo and many Asian markets, but did not have a major effect on capacity between Japan and Europe, as several carriers simply transferred flights from Narita to Haneda (most notably ANA and Lufthansa services to Germany, which almost entirely shifted to Haneda).[34] In an effort to combat this effect, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport gave non-binding guidance to airlines that any new route at Haneda should not lead to the discontinuation of a route at Narita, although it was possible for airlines to meet this requirement through cooperation with a code sharing partner (for instance, ANA moved its London flight to Haneda while maintaining a code share on Virgin Atlantic's Narita-London flight).[35]

In addition to its international slot restrictions, Haneda remains subject to domestic slot restrictions; domestic slots are reallocated by MLIT every five years, and each slot is valued at 2-3 billion yen in annual income.[37]

Future expansion plans

JR East has considered extending an existing freight line from Tamachi Station on the Yamanote Line to create a third rail link to the airport,[39] which may potentially be connected to the Ueno-Tokyo Line to offer a through connection to Ueno and points on the Utsunomiya Line and Takasaki Line.[40] Although there had been discussion of completing this extension prior to the 2020 Olympics, the plan was indefinitely shelved in 2015.[41]

Haneda suffers from airspace restrictions due to its position between Yokota Air Base to the west and Narita International Airport to the east. Due to these airfields' requirements and noise concerns, Haneda flights generally arrive and depart using circular routes over Tokyo Bay. As of 2015, there are plans to add a new arrival corridor over western Tokyo and a new departure corridor over Yokohama, Kawasaki and central Tokyo, which would be limited to afternoon hours.[43] Additional taxiways must be constructed in order for Haneda to handle more flights, and construction is expected to take around three years.[44]



Haneda Airport has three terminals. The main terminals, 1 and 2, are connected by an underground walkway; a free shuttle bus runs between the main terminals and the smaller International Terminal every five minutes.

Haneda Airport is open 24 hours, although two domestic passenger terminals are only open from 5 AM to 11:30 PM. Terminal hours may be extended to 24-hour operation due to StarFlyer's late-night and early-morning service between Haneda and Kitakyushu, which began in March 2006. International Terminal is open 24 hours.

All three passenger terminals are managed and operated by private companies. Terminal 1 and 2 are managed by Japan Airport Terminal Co., Ltd. (日本空港ビルディング株式会社, Nippon Kūkō Birudingu Kabushikigaisha?), while International Terminal is managed by Tokyo International Air Terminal Corporation (東京国際空港ターミナル株式会社, Tōkyō Kokusai Kūkō Tāminaru Kabushikigaisha?). The critical facilities of the airport such as runways, taxiways and aprons are managed by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.[45] As of March 2013, domestic terminals have 47 jetways altogether.[46]


Terminal 1 called "Big Bird" opened in 1993. This largest terminal in Haneda Airport replacing the smaller 1970 terminal complex. The linear building features a six-story restaurant, shopping area and conference rooms in its center section and a large rooftop observation deck with open-air rooftop cafe.


Terminal 2 opened on December 1, 2004. It features an open-air rooftop restaurant, a six-story shopping area with restaurants and the 387-room Haneda Excel Hotel Tokyu.

The construction of Terminal 2 was financed by levying a ¥170 [from 1 April 2011] passenger service facility charge on tickets, the first domestic Passenger Service Facilities Charge (PSFC) in Japan.

International terminal

The current international terminal opened on October 21, 2010. The first two long-haul flights from the new terminal departed before midnight on October 30, 2010; they were originally scheduled to depart after midnight on October 31, but both departed ahead of schedule.[47]

The international terminal has airline lounges operated by All Nippon Airways (Star Alliance), Japan Airlines (oneworld) and Cathay Pacific Airways (oneworld).[48] The JAL lounge is also used by SkyTeam carriers at the airport.[49]

Cargo facilities


Japan Airlines operates training facilities and the Safety Promotion Center at the periphery of the airport.[52] The ANA subsidiary ANA Wings has its corporate head office on the airport property.[53]

The Japan Coast Guard operates a Special Rescue Base (第三管区海上保安本部羽田特殊救難基地, Dai-san Kanku Kaijō Hoan Hombu Haneda Tokushu Kyūnan Kichi?) at Haneda, which is used by the Special Rescue Team, an elite 36-member aerial and underwater rescue unit.[54]

Airlines and destinations


File:ANA A320-200(JA8388) (4778886422).jpg
All Nippon Airways Airbus A320 taking off at Haneda Airport
File:Air China A321-200(B-6555) (5342185077).jpg
Air China Airbus A321 taking off at Haneda Airport.
File:Skymark B737-800(JA737R) (4299546469).jpg
Skymark Airlines landing at Haneda Airport.
File:Solaseed Air B737-800(JA801X) (6666899487).jpg
Solaseed Air Boeing 737-800 taxiing at Haneda Airport.
File:JAL B737-800(JA302J) (3817128761).jpg
JAL Express Boeing 737-800 taxiing at Haneda Airport.
File:B777-236ER G-YMMI RJTT Intl.jpg
British Airways Boeing 777-200ER taxiing at Haneda Airport



Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport[57]

Number of landings


Number of passengers


Cargo volume (tons)


Ground transportation

Transfer to/from Narita Airport

Haneda Airport is approximately 1.5–2 hours from Narita Airport by rail or bus. Keisei runs direct suburban trains (called Access Express) between Haneda and Narita in 88 minutes for ¥1740 as of May 2012.[58] There are also direct buses between the airports operated by Airport Limousine Bus. The journey takes 65–85 minutes or longer depending on traffic and cost ¥3000 as of May 2012.[59]


File:Shuto Kosokudoro Route 1 -01.jpg
Tokyo Monorail and Shuto Expressway

Keikyū offers trains to Shinagawa Station and Yokohama Station and through service to the Toei Asakusa Line, which makes several stops in eastern Tokyo. Some Keikyū trains also run through to the Keisei Oshiage Line and Keisei Main Line, making it possible to reach Narita International Airport by train.Airport Limited Express trains make the nonstop run from Haneda Airport to Shinagawa in 11 minutes.


The airport is bisected by the Bayshore Route of the Shuto Expressway and is also accessible from Route 1. Scheduled bus service to various points in the Kanto region is provided by Airport Transport Service (Friendly Airport Limousine) and Keihin Express Bus. Tokyo City Air Terminal, Shinjuku Highway Bus Terminal and Yokohama City Air Terminal are major limousine bus terminals.



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