document: Off the beaten tracks : exploring three aspects of web navigation This paper presents results of a long-term client-side Web usage study , updating previous studies that range in age from five to ten years . We focus on three aspects of Web navigation : changes in the distribution of navigation actions , speed of navigation and within-page navigation . `` Navigation actionsö corresponding to users ' individual page requests are discussed by type . We reconfirm links to be the most important navigation element , while backtracking has lost more than half of its previously reported share and form submission has become far more common . Changes of the Web and the browser interfaces are candidates for causing these changes . Analyzing the time users stayed on pages , we confirm Web navigation to be a rapidly interactive activity . A breakdown of page characteristics shows that users often do not take the time to read the available text or consider all links . The performance of the Web is analyzed and reassessed against the resulting requirements . Finally , habits of within-page navigation are presented . Although most selected hyperlinks are located in the top left corner of the = screen , in nearly a quarter of all cases people choose links that require scrolling . We analyzed the available browser real estate to gain insights for the design of non-scrolling Web pages .
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