document: A combined approach to checking web ontologies The understanding of Semantic Web documents is built upon ontologies that define concepts and relationships of data . Hence , the correctness of ontologies is vital . Ontology reasoners such as RACER and FaCT have been developed to reason ontologies with a high degree of automation . However , complex ontology-related properties may not be expressible within the current web ontology languages , consequently they may not be checkable by RACER and FaCT . We propose to use the software engineering techniques and tools , i.e. , Z\/EVES and Alloy Analyzer , to complement the ontology tools for checking Semantic Web documents . In this approach , Z\/EVES is first applied to remove trivial syntax and type errors of the ontologies . Next , RACER is used to identify any ontological inconsistencies , whose origins can be traced by Alloy Analyzer . Finally Z\/EVES is used again to express complex ontology-related properties and reveal errors beyond the modeling capabilities of the current web ontology languages . We have successfully applied this approach to checking a set of military plan ontologies .
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