document: Periodic transfers in mobile applications : network-wide origin , impact , and optimization Cellular networks employ a specific radio resource management policy distinguishing them from wired and Wi-Fi networks . A lack of awareness of this important mechanism potentially leads to resource-inefficient mobile applications . We perform the first network-wide , large-scale investigation of a particular type of application traffic pattern called periodic transfers where a handset periodically exchanges some data with a remote server every t seconds . Using packet traces containing 1.5 billion packets collected from a commercial cellular carrier , we found that periodic transfers are very prevalent in today 's smartphone traffic . However , they are extremely resource-inefficient for both the network and end-user devices even though they predominantly generate very little traffic . This somewhat counter-intuitive behavior is a direct consequence of the adverse interaction between such periodic transfer patterns and the cellular network radio resource management policy . For example , for popular smartphone applications such as Facebook , periodic transfers account for only 1.7 % of the overall traffic volume but contribute to 30 % of the total handset radio energy consumption . We found periodic transfers are generated for various reasons such as keep-alive , polling , and user behavior measurements . We further investigate the potential of various traffic shaping and resource control algorithms . Depending on their traffic patterns , applications exhibit disparate responses to optimization strategies . Jointly using several strategies with moderate aggressiveness can eliminate almost all energy impact of periodic transfers for popular applications such as Facebook and Pandora .
doc_bio_tags: B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B I O O O O O O O O O