document: Adaptive web sites : user studies and simulation Adaptive web sites have been proposed to enhance ease of navigation and information retrieval . A variety of approaches are described in the literature , but consideration of interface presentation issues and realistic user studies are generally lacking . We report here a large-scale study of sites with dynamic information collections and user interests , where adaptation is based on an Ant Colony Optimization technique . We find that most users were able to locate information effectively without needing to perform explicit searches . The behavior of users who did search was similar to that on Internet search engines . Simulations based on site and user models give insight into the adaptive behavior and correspond to observations .
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