document: Loudspeaker voice-coil inductance losses : circuit models , parameter estimation , and effect on frequency response When the series resistance is separated and treated as a separate element , it is shown that losses in an inductor require the ratio of the flux to MMF in the core to be frequency dependent . For small-signal operation , this dependence leads to a circuit model composed of a lossless inductor and a resistor in parallel , both of which are frequency dependent . Mathematical expressions for these elements are derived under the assumption that the ratio of core flux to MMF varies as omega / sup n-1 / , where n is a constant . A linear regression technique is described for extracting the model parameters from measured data . Experimental data are presented to justify the model for the lossy inductance of a loudspeaker voice-coil . A SPICE example is presented to illustrate the effects of voice-coil inductor losses on the frequency response of a typical driver
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