document: Using Internet search engines to estimate word frequency The present research investigated Internet search engines as a rapid , cost-effective alternative for estimating word frequencies . Frequency estimates for 382 words were obtained and compared across four methods : -LRB- 1 -RRB- Internet search engines , -LRB- 2 -RRB- the Kucera and Francis -LRB- 1967 -RRB- analysis of a traditional linguistic corpus , -LRB- 3 -RRB- the CELEX English linguistic database -LRB- Baayen et al. , 1995 -RRB- , and -LRB- 4 -RRB- participant ratings of familiarity . The results showed that Internet search engines produced frequency estimates that were highly consistent with those reported by Kucera and Francis and those calculated from CELEX , highly consistent across search engines , and very reliable over a 6 month period of time . Additional results suggested that Internet search engines are an excellent option when traditional word frequency analyses do not contain the necessary data -LRB- e.g. , estimates for forenames and slang -RRB- . In contrast , participants ' familiarity judgments did not correspond well with the more objective estimates of word frequency . Researchers are advised to use search engines with large databases -LRB- e.g. , AltaVista -RRB- to ensure the greatest representativeness of the frequency estimates
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