Angiography is performed to assess for coronary artery stenosis after coronary artery reimplantation or during interventional procedures such as branch pulmonary artery balloon dilation and stent placement. In patients with complex coronary anatomy, angiography is useful in demonstrating dynamic compression and angulation of the coronary arteries in patients with an interarterial course or in those with a muscular bridge [21]. Arteriography Pulmonary Pulmonary arteriography is performed during interventions such as branch pulmonary artery balloon dilation and stent placement. CT Heart Function and Morphology CT is an alternative imaging modality to provide incremental information to echocardiography. CT functional assessment is more useful over CMR in patients who are hemodynamically unstable. It is the most useful modality if anatomic restenosis is suspected in the setting of stents. CTA Chest CTA of the chest is useful to study airway compromise, which may happen related to the aortic root or ascending aortic dilatation after ASO. A dynamic CTA may be helpful in this setting to distinguish intrinsic from extrinsic causes of airway obstruction. CTA is the most useful modality if anatomic restenosis of pulmonary arteries is suspected in the setting of stents or presence of a metal susceptibility artifact that may hamper the use of MRA for this purpose. CTA Coronary Arteries Obstructed coronary arteries occur in 8% of survivors and is a common cause of morbidity and mortality after the ASO [23]. ECG-triggered CTA is currently the most useful modality for the primary evaluation of coronary arteries. Its high spatial and temporal resolution allows for the reliable visualization of coronary arteries and screening for potential stenosis, usually without the use of sedation [19,24].
Congenital or Acquired Heart Disease. Angiography is performed to assess for coronary artery stenosis after coronary artery reimplantation or during interventional procedures such as branch pulmonary artery balloon dilation and stent placement. In patients with complex coronary anatomy, angiography is useful in demonstrating dynamic compression and angulation of the coronary arteries in patients with an interarterial course or in those with a muscular bridge [21]. Arteriography Pulmonary Pulmonary arteriography is performed during interventions such as branch pulmonary artery balloon dilation and stent placement. CT Heart Function and Morphology CT is an alternative imaging modality to provide incremental information to echocardiography. CT functional assessment is more useful over CMR in patients who are hemodynamically unstable. It is the most useful modality if anatomic restenosis is suspected in the setting of stents. CTA Chest CTA of the chest is useful to study airway compromise, which may happen related to the aortic root or ascending aortic dilatation after ASO. A dynamic CTA may be helpful in this setting to distinguish intrinsic from extrinsic causes of airway obstruction. CTA is the most useful modality if anatomic restenosis of pulmonary arteries is suspected in the setting of stents or presence of a metal susceptibility artifact that may hamper the use of MRA for this purpose. CTA Coronary Arteries Obstructed coronary arteries occur in 8% of survivors and is a common cause of morbidity and mortality after the ASO [23]. ECG-triggered CTA is currently the most useful modality for the primary evaluation of coronary arteries. Its high spatial and temporal resolution allows for the reliable visualization of coronary arteries and screening for potential stenosis, usually without the use of sedation [19,24].