US Duplex Doppler Iliofemoral Arteries There is a lack of evidence in the literature for the use of US duplex Doppler iliofemoral arteries in the diagnosis of LVV. Variant 2: Suspected medium-vessel vasculitis (MVV). Initial imaging. Arteriography Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis Although digital subtraction angiography has lost its role as a diagnostic method for confirming a clinically suspected diagnosis of LVV, it is still a crucial modality in the diagnosis of MVV. Classic imaging findings in PAN are microaneurysms [86]. Similarly, for Kawasaki disease, catheter angiography is considered to be an ideal imaging modality [87]. CTA Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis There is limited literature on the use of CTA to diagnose MVV. Singhal et al [88] reported positive CTA studies in 15 of 27 patients with PAN. The most common CTA finding was aneurysm, followed by stenosis/occlusion, and the renal artery was the most commonly involved artery [89]. Splenic and renal infarcts were the most visceral abnormalities. Therefore, CTA can be utilized in the diagnosis of the MVV. CT Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis There are sparse studies on the use of CT to diagnose MVV. CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis is an ideal imaging modality to assess end organ abnormalities in patients with MVV. A study by Singhal et al [88] reported splenic and renal infarcts were the most visceral abnormalities. CTA Coronary Arteries Considering that Kawasaki disease targets the coronary arteries, there is a significant role for CTA in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients [7,90]. However, there is a lack of evidence in the literature for the use of CTA coronary arteries in adult population. FDG-PET/CT Whole Body FDG-PET/CT can assess relatively large vessels, so its usefulness in assessing MVV is limited [91]. Noncerebral Vasculitis MRA Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRA chest, abdomen, and pelvis in the diagnosis of the MVV.
Noncerebral Vasculitis. US Duplex Doppler Iliofemoral Arteries There is a lack of evidence in the literature for the use of US duplex Doppler iliofemoral arteries in the diagnosis of LVV. Variant 2: Suspected medium-vessel vasculitis (MVV). Initial imaging. Arteriography Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis Although digital subtraction angiography has lost its role as a diagnostic method for confirming a clinically suspected diagnosis of LVV, it is still a crucial modality in the diagnosis of MVV. Classic imaging findings in PAN are microaneurysms [86]. Similarly, for Kawasaki disease, catheter angiography is considered to be an ideal imaging modality [87]. CTA Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis There is limited literature on the use of CTA to diagnose MVV. Singhal et al [88] reported positive CTA studies in 15 of 27 patients with PAN. The most common CTA finding was aneurysm, followed by stenosis/occlusion, and the renal artery was the most commonly involved artery [89]. Splenic and renal infarcts were the most visceral abnormalities. Therefore, CTA can be utilized in the diagnosis of the MVV. CT Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis There are sparse studies on the use of CT to diagnose MVV. CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis is an ideal imaging modality to assess end organ abnormalities in patients with MVV. A study by Singhal et al [88] reported splenic and renal infarcts were the most visceral abnormalities. CTA Coronary Arteries Considering that Kawasaki disease targets the coronary arteries, there is a significant role for CTA in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients [7,90]. However, there is a lack of evidence in the literature for the use of CTA coronary arteries in adult population. FDG-PET/CT Whole Body FDG-PET/CT can assess relatively large vessels, so its usefulness in assessing MVV is limited [91]. Noncerebral Vasculitis MRA Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRA chest, abdomen, and pelvis in the diagnosis of the MVV.