UTI in a neonate or young infant requires special consideration. The prevalence of UTI in term neonates and young infants varies from 0.1% to 1%, with a predominance in the first 2 months of life in neonates and young infants AMAB [8-11]. The presentation of UTI is generally nonspecific, with symptoms similar to neonatal sepsis, and not all children will have fever. Concomitant bacteremia is common with UTI and was observed ranging from 4% to 36.4% [5,8-11]. Neonates with UTI have a high incidence of urinary anomalies; the most common is VUR [8,10- 12]. Reprint requests to: publications@acr.org Urinary Tract Infection-Child tract UTI, or 1 episode of UTI with acute pyelonephritis/upper tract UTI plus 1 or more episodes of UTI with cystitis/lower tract UTI, or 3 or more episodes of UTI with cystitis/lower tract UTI [13]. Upper tract refers to the kidneys and ureters, and lower tract is distal to the ureters. Special Imaging Considerations Voiding urosonography (VUS) is a safe and accurate method to evaluate for VUR. The bladder is filled with a solution containing microbubbles that appear echogenic by US. CT urography (CTU) is an imaging study that is tailored to improve visualization of both the upper and lower urinary tracts. There is variability in the specific parameters, but it usually involves unenhanced images followed by intravenous (IV) contrast-enhanced images, including nephrographic and excretory phases acquired at least 5 minutes after contrast injection. Alternatively, a split-bolus technique uses an initial loading dose of IV contrast and then obtains a combined nephrographic-excretory phase after a second IV contrast dose; some sites include arterial phase. CTU should use thin-slice acquisition. Reconstruction methods commonly include maximum intensity projection or 3-D volume rendering. For the purposes of this document, we make a distinction between CTU and CT abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast.
Urinary Tract Infection Child. UTI in a neonate or young infant requires special consideration. The prevalence of UTI in term neonates and young infants varies from 0.1% to 1%, with a predominance in the first 2 months of life in neonates and young infants AMAB [8-11]. The presentation of UTI is generally nonspecific, with symptoms similar to neonatal sepsis, and not all children will have fever. Concomitant bacteremia is common with UTI and was observed ranging from 4% to 36.4% [5,8-11]. Neonates with UTI have a high incidence of urinary anomalies; the most common is VUR [8,10- 12]. Reprint requests to: publications@acr.org Urinary Tract Infection-Child tract UTI, or 1 episode of UTI with acute pyelonephritis/upper tract UTI plus 1 or more episodes of UTI with cystitis/lower tract UTI, or 3 or more episodes of UTI with cystitis/lower tract UTI [13]. Upper tract refers to the kidneys and ureters, and lower tract is distal to the ureters. Special Imaging Considerations Voiding urosonography (VUS) is a safe and accurate method to evaluate for VUR. The bladder is filled with a solution containing microbubbles that appear echogenic by US. CT urography (CTU) is an imaging study that is tailored to improve visualization of both the upper and lower urinary tracts. There is variability in the specific parameters, but it usually involves unenhanced images followed by intravenous (IV) contrast-enhanced images, including nephrographic and excretory phases acquired at least 5 minutes after contrast injection. Alternatively, a split-bolus technique uses an initial loading dose of IV contrast and then obtains a combined nephrographic-excretory phase after a second IV contrast dose; some sites include arterial phase. CTU should use thin-slice acquisition. Reconstruction methods commonly include maximum intensity projection or 3-D volume rendering. For the purposes of this document, we make a distinction between CTU and CT abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast.