Additional recent studies reporting BAE as a viable therapeutic option for nonmassive hemoptysis includes Dave et al [46], who reported BAE outcomes on 58 patients. In this study, 17% of the population presented with nonmassive hemoptysis, and the top two causes of hemoptysis were bronchiectasis and malignancy. The success rates proved to be similar between patients presenting with nonmassive versus massive hemoptysis. This study asserted that nonmassive hemoptysis might be the harbinger of future episodes of massive hemoptysis, especially in patients with underlying lung disease. These results justify BAE as a treatment of nonmassive hemoptysis. Woo et al [18] reported BAE outcomes on 406 patients, 30% of whom presented with nonmassive hemoptysis. This study also demonstrated similar success rates between patients with nonmassive versus massive hemoptysis. Shin et al [19] reported BAE outcomes on 163 patients, including 41% presenting with nonmassive hemoptysis; outcomes were not stratified by hemoptysis severity. Bhalla et al [15] reported similar post-BAE outcomes between patients presenting with nonmassive versus massive hemoptysis. Ishikawa et al [47] published the largest study on outcomes for nonmassive hemoptysis. Elective BAE was performed on 489 noncancer patients from Japan with varying degrees of nonemergent hemoptysis. They reported immediate bleeding cessation in 93% of patients, with 87% and 58% of patients remaining free of hemoptysis at 1 and 3 years, respectively. The most common causes of hemoptysis in this study were bronchiectasis (34%) and nontuberculous mycobacterium (24%). Cryptogenic nonmassive hemoptysis has demonstrated a very high immediate and long-term success rate following BAE. In a retrospective study [48] reviewing 319 patients, 35 patients were identified as having cryptogenic hemoptysis, 23 of whom reported nonmassive hemoptysis.
Hemoptysis. Additional recent studies reporting BAE as a viable therapeutic option for nonmassive hemoptysis includes Dave et al [46], who reported BAE outcomes on 58 patients. In this study, 17% of the population presented with nonmassive hemoptysis, and the top two causes of hemoptysis were bronchiectasis and malignancy. The success rates proved to be similar between patients presenting with nonmassive versus massive hemoptysis. This study asserted that nonmassive hemoptysis might be the harbinger of future episodes of massive hemoptysis, especially in patients with underlying lung disease. These results justify BAE as a treatment of nonmassive hemoptysis. Woo et al [18] reported BAE outcomes on 406 patients, 30% of whom presented with nonmassive hemoptysis. This study also demonstrated similar success rates between patients with nonmassive versus massive hemoptysis. Shin et al [19] reported BAE outcomes on 163 patients, including 41% presenting with nonmassive hemoptysis; outcomes were not stratified by hemoptysis severity. Bhalla et al [15] reported similar post-BAE outcomes between patients presenting with nonmassive versus massive hemoptysis. Ishikawa et al [47] published the largest study on outcomes for nonmassive hemoptysis. Elective BAE was performed on 489 noncancer patients from Japan with varying degrees of nonemergent hemoptysis. They reported immediate bleeding cessation in 93% of patients, with 87% and 58% of patients remaining free of hemoptysis at 1 and 3 years, respectively. The most common causes of hemoptysis in this study were bronchiectasis (34%) and nontuberculous mycobacterium (24%). Cryptogenic nonmassive hemoptysis has demonstrated a very high immediate and long-term success rate following BAE. In a retrospective study [48] reviewing 319 patients, 35 patients were identified as having cryptogenic hemoptysis, 23 of whom reported nonmassive hemoptysis.