However, CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). MRI Abdomen and Pelvis Without IV Contrast Although there is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of MIBC, it may be useful in some clinical situations. However, CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). MRI Abdomen Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen without and with IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of MIBC. CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). MRI Abdomen Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen without IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of MIBC. CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). MRI Head Without and With IV Contrast Bladder cancer rarely causes neurological complications directly, because it usually occurs due to local extension. According to a study on the metastatic pattern of MIBC, brain metastases occurred in only 5% of patients, making it the ninth most common site of metastasis [45]. As a result, asymptomatic patients are not suggested to undergo MRI of the head and should only be considered on an individual basis [46].
Pretreatment Staging of Urothelial Cancer. However, CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). MRI Abdomen and Pelvis Without IV Contrast Although there is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of MIBC, it may be useful in some clinical situations. However, CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). MRI Abdomen Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen without and with IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of MIBC. CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). MRI Abdomen Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen without IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of MIBC. CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). MRI Head Without and With IV Contrast Bladder cancer rarely causes neurological complications directly, because it usually occurs due to local extension. According to a study on the metastatic pattern of MIBC, brain metastases occurred in only 5% of patients, making it the ninth most common site of metastasis [45]. As a result, asymptomatic patients are not suggested to undergo MRI of the head and should only be considered on an individual basis [46].