3-Phase Bone Scan Foot A 3-phase bone scan may be useful in cases of suspected complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and several imaging findings have been described. There is some variation in the literature regarding the diagnostic capabilities of 3-phase bone scan in the diagnosis of CRPS type I. Some authors have found 3-phase bone scan to have higher sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (NPV; 100%) when compared to MRI and conventional radiography, and therefore, it may be useful to rule-out disease [16]. A meta-analysis by Cappello et al [17] demonstrated a pooled sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 78%, Chronic Foot Pain 88%, 88%, and 84%, respectively. There is no relevant literature to support the routine clinical use of nuclear medicine studies in the evaluation of CRPS type II. CT Foot There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT in the evaluation of suspected CRPS. US Foot A few studies addressing the role of US in the diagnosis of CRPS type I reflex sympathetic dystrophy have been published. There is evidence showing that patients who have CRPS type I affecting the lower extremity have increased power Doppler flow compared with asymptomatic control subjects with a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 92% [22]. Although there is no relevant literature to support the routine clinical use of US in the diagnosis of CRPS type II, high-resolution US may have a role giving its increasing use in nerve assessment [23]. MRI Foot MRI is useful in the diagnosis of several conditions affecting the hallucal sesamoid bones, including fractures, acute and chronic stress related changes, and avascular necrosis, and a variety of MRI findings have been described in the literature [12]. Contrast administration is not routinely performed in the assessment of noninfectious and/or Chronic Foot Pain
Chronic Foot Pain. 3-Phase Bone Scan Foot A 3-phase bone scan may be useful in cases of suspected complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and several imaging findings have been described. There is some variation in the literature regarding the diagnostic capabilities of 3-phase bone scan in the diagnosis of CRPS type I. Some authors have found 3-phase bone scan to have higher sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (NPV; 100%) when compared to MRI and conventional radiography, and therefore, it may be useful to rule-out disease [16]. A meta-analysis by Cappello et al [17] demonstrated a pooled sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and positive predictive value (PPV) of 78%, Chronic Foot Pain 88%, 88%, and 84%, respectively. There is no relevant literature to support the routine clinical use of nuclear medicine studies in the evaluation of CRPS type II. CT Foot There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT in the evaluation of suspected CRPS. US Foot A few studies addressing the role of US in the diagnosis of CRPS type I reflex sympathetic dystrophy have been published. There is evidence showing that patients who have CRPS type I affecting the lower extremity have increased power Doppler flow compared with asymptomatic control subjects with a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 92% [22]. Although there is no relevant literature to support the routine clinical use of US in the diagnosis of CRPS type II, high-resolution US may have a role giving its increasing use in nerve assessment [23]. MRI Foot MRI is useful in the diagnosis of several conditions affecting the hallucal sesamoid bones, including fractures, acute and chronic stress related changes, and avascular necrosis, and a variety of MRI findings have been described in the literature [12]. Contrast administration is not routinely performed in the assessment of noninfectious and/or Chronic Foot Pain