MRI Fetal Without IV Contrast The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology current guidelines recommend that fetal MRI is generally indicated following an US examination in which the information about the abnormality is incomplete [48]. Under these circumstances, MRI may provide important information that may confirm or complement the US findings and alter or modify patient management [79,84-88]. Fetal MRI is especially helpful for central nervous system anomalies, planning for prenatal and postnatal intervention, and for airway management in fetuses with neck masses [4,8,11]. Other indications for fetal MRI include evaluation of cranial, facial, thoracic, abdominal, retroperitoneal, and pelvic anomalies, as well as complications of monochorionic gestations [89]. Although available data are still inconclusive, MRI for parental reassurance regarding the absence of associated pathologies in fetuses with apparently isolated conditions may be recommended in fetuses with the following sonographic findings: isolated ventriculomegaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, absent cavum septi pellucidi, and cerebellar or vermian anomalies [48]. If fetal MRI is performed, this is ideally done at or after 22 weeks gestation [8], although an MRI performed between 18 to 22 weeks may be of value in certain clinical indications and settings [48]. US Echocardiography Fetal The decision for the performance of fetal echocardiography, a subspecialized examination, is based on parental and fetal risk factors, as well as abnormal fetal cardiac screening examination. These risk factors include maternal genetic disease or risk, current medical conditions, and chemical exposures, as well as fetal factors such as known anomaly or cardiac abnormality [49-51].
Second and Third Trimester Screening for Fetal Anomaly. MRI Fetal Without IV Contrast The International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology current guidelines recommend that fetal MRI is generally indicated following an US examination in which the information about the abnormality is incomplete [48]. Under these circumstances, MRI may provide important information that may confirm or complement the US findings and alter or modify patient management [79,84-88]. Fetal MRI is especially helpful for central nervous system anomalies, planning for prenatal and postnatal intervention, and for airway management in fetuses with neck masses [4,8,11]. Other indications for fetal MRI include evaluation of cranial, facial, thoracic, abdominal, retroperitoneal, and pelvic anomalies, as well as complications of monochorionic gestations [89]. Although available data are still inconclusive, MRI for parental reassurance regarding the absence of associated pathologies in fetuses with apparently isolated conditions may be recommended in fetuses with the following sonographic findings: isolated ventriculomegaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, absent cavum septi pellucidi, and cerebellar or vermian anomalies [48]. If fetal MRI is performed, this is ideally done at or after 22 weeks gestation [8], although an MRI performed between 18 to 22 weeks may be of value in certain clinical indications and settings [48]. US Echocardiography Fetal The decision for the performance of fetal echocardiography, a subspecialized examination, is based on parental and fetal risk factors, as well as abnormal fetal cardiac screening examination. These risk factors include maternal genetic disease or risk, current medical conditions, and chemical exposures, as well as fetal factors such as known anomaly or cardiac abnormality [49-51].