There are potential risks associated with performing MRI in neonates who are in the intensive care unit, including the risks associated with transportation, positioning, and sedation of the patient in the setting of physiologic instability. The use of MRI- compatible incubators and small footprint MRI scanners can help with safer transportation and imaging of the patient. CT Head CT has a limited but specific role in the evaluation of neonates with seizures. A noncontrast CT can be performed to detect hemorrhagic lesions in the encephalopathic infant with a history of birth trauma, low hematocrit, or coagulopathy. CT may help to define the extent of intracranial hemorrhage and is useful in quantifying and characterizing extra-axial collections, but CT is less sensitive than MRI for detecting hypoxic ischemic events and structural anomalies [7]. CT is helpful in identifying calcifications in a suspected intrauterine infection, any associated traumatic abnormalities, and in the identification of dural sinus thrombosis. CT is rapid, does not require sedation, and may provide better assessment of the brain compared with US in scenarios in which acute hemorrhage, stroke, or hydrocephalus is suspected. FDG-PET/CT Brain There is no relevant literature to support the use of fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-PET/CT in the workup of a neonate with seizures. HMPAO SPECT or SPECT/CT Brain There is no relevant literature to support the use of Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) single- photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or SPECT/CT in the workup of a neonate with seizures. Seizures-Child US Head There is no relevant literature to support the use of US in the workup of a child with simple febrile seizures. MRI Head MRI is not indicated in the workup of a child with simple febrile seizures.
Seizures Child. There are potential risks associated with performing MRI in neonates who are in the intensive care unit, including the risks associated with transportation, positioning, and sedation of the patient in the setting of physiologic instability. The use of MRI- compatible incubators and small footprint MRI scanners can help with safer transportation and imaging of the patient. CT Head CT has a limited but specific role in the evaluation of neonates with seizures. A noncontrast CT can be performed to detect hemorrhagic lesions in the encephalopathic infant with a history of birth trauma, low hematocrit, or coagulopathy. CT may help to define the extent of intracranial hemorrhage and is useful in quantifying and characterizing extra-axial collections, but CT is less sensitive than MRI for detecting hypoxic ischemic events and structural anomalies [7]. CT is helpful in identifying calcifications in a suspected intrauterine infection, any associated traumatic abnormalities, and in the identification of dural sinus thrombosis. CT is rapid, does not require sedation, and may provide better assessment of the brain compared with US in scenarios in which acute hemorrhage, stroke, or hydrocephalus is suspected. FDG-PET/CT Brain There is no relevant literature to support the use of fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-PET/CT in the workup of a neonate with seizures. HMPAO SPECT or SPECT/CT Brain There is no relevant literature to support the use of Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) single- photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or SPECT/CT in the workup of a neonate with seizures. Seizures-Child US Head There is no relevant literature to support the use of US in the workup of a child with simple febrile seizures. MRI Head MRI is not indicated in the workup of a child with simple febrile seizures.