Catheter angiography has better sensitivity and may still be considered if MR studies are negative and dAVF is still suspected [1,23,29]. MRA head cannot identify bony lesions like jugular fossa dehiscence, SSWA, SSCD, intracranial mass lesions, and venous causes of PT. It is usually combined with MRI head with and without contrast for a better evaluation of intracranial pathologies which can cause PT. MRA Head Without and With IV Contrast MRA head without and with IV contrast may be used to detect dAVF, AVM, larger glomus jugulare tumors, carotid dissection, and carotid cavernous fistula for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. Catheter angiography has better sensitivity and may still be considered if MR studies are negative and dAVF is still suspected [1,23,29]. MRA head cannot identify bony lesions like jugular fossa dehiscence, SSWA, SSCD, intracranial mass lesions, and venous causes of PT. It is usually combined with MRI head without and with contrast for a better evaluation of intracranial pathologies that can cause PT. MRA Head Without IV Contrast MRA head without IV contrast can diagnose AVM and aberrant ICA but has less sensitivity to diagnose dAVF, smaller AVM, and small glomus tumors. MRA would not be able to diagnose bony lesions like jugular fossa dehiscence, SSWA, and SSCD, intracranial mass lesions, and venous causes of PT. MRA head without IV contrast is usually combined with MRI head with and without IV contrast for a better evaluation of intracranial pathologies, which can cause PT [58]. Source images of 3-D time-of-flight MRA and DSA can detect moderate to high-flow dAVF; however, it is not as sensitive as catheter angiography [59]. Catheter angiography has better sensitivity and may still be considered if MR studies are negative and dAVF is still suspected [1,23,29]. MRI Head and Internal Auditory Canal With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI head and IAC with IV contrast for evaluation of PT.
Tinnitus. Catheter angiography has better sensitivity and may still be considered if MR studies are negative and dAVF is still suspected [1,23,29]. MRA head cannot identify bony lesions like jugular fossa dehiscence, SSWA, SSCD, intracranial mass lesions, and venous causes of PT. It is usually combined with MRI head with and without contrast for a better evaluation of intracranial pathologies which can cause PT. MRA Head Without and With IV Contrast MRA head without and with IV contrast may be used to detect dAVF, AVM, larger glomus jugulare tumors, carotid dissection, and carotid cavernous fistula for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. Catheter angiography has better sensitivity and may still be considered if MR studies are negative and dAVF is still suspected [1,23,29]. MRA head cannot identify bony lesions like jugular fossa dehiscence, SSWA, SSCD, intracranial mass lesions, and venous causes of PT. It is usually combined with MRI head without and with contrast for a better evaluation of intracranial pathologies that can cause PT. MRA Head Without IV Contrast MRA head without IV contrast can diagnose AVM and aberrant ICA but has less sensitivity to diagnose dAVF, smaller AVM, and small glomus tumors. MRA would not be able to diagnose bony lesions like jugular fossa dehiscence, SSWA, and SSCD, intracranial mass lesions, and venous causes of PT. MRA head without IV contrast is usually combined with MRI head with and without IV contrast for a better evaluation of intracranial pathologies, which can cause PT [58]. Source images of 3-D time-of-flight MRA and DSA can detect moderate to high-flow dAVF; however, it is not as sensitive as catheter angiography [59]. Catheter angiography has better sensitivity and may still be considered if MR studies are negative and dAVF is still suspected [1,23,29]. MRI Head and Internal Auditory Canal With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI head and IAC with IV contrast for evaluation of PT.