Kroese et al [33] concluded that the detection of distant metastases on restaging FDG- PET/CT after induction of neoadjuvant therapy can considerably impact decision making but that suspicious imaging findings required pathologic confirmation. FDG-PET/MRI Skull Base to Mid-Thigh There is no relevant literature to support the use of FDG-PET/MRI during treatment. Fluoroscopy Upper GI Series There is no relevant literature to support the use of fluoroscopy upper GI series during treatment. Staging and Follow-up of Esophageal Cancer MRI Chest and Abdomen There are limited data from small series investigating the use of MRI for the evaluation of patients undergoing treatment. A prospective study of 26 patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI by Heethuis et al [34] demonstrated that the area under the curve could predict good responders and poor responders with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 77%. Sun et al [35] used dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to evaluate patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the esophagus and reported that the change in Ktrans was a parameter that could be potentially used to assess treatment response. Wang et al [36] studied 38 patients with squamous cell cancer of the esophagus undergoing chemoradiotherapy with weekly MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging. The authors reported that treatment-induced change in apparent diffusion coefficient during the first 2 to 3 weeks could be used to assess response to therapy. Wang et al [37] prospectively studied 79 patients with esophageal cancer who had 3T MRI before and after neoadjuvant therapy and reported a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of more than 90% for several sequences in T staging after neoadjuvant therapy. No studies are available that investigate the performance of MRI for detecting interval metastases in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy.
Staging and Follow up of Esophageal Cancer. Kroese et al [33] concluded that the detection of distant metastases on restaging FDG- PET/CT after induction of neoadjuvant therapy can considerably impact decision making but that suspicious imaging findings required pathologic confirmation. FDG-PET/MRI Skull Base to Mid-Thigh There is no relevant literature to support the use of FDG-PET/MRI during treatment. Fluoroscopy Upper GI Series There is no relevant literature to support the use of fluoroscopy upper GI series during treatment. Staging and Follow-up of Esophageal Cancer MRI Chest and Abdomen There are limited data from small series investigating the use of MRI for the evaluation of patients undergoing treatment. A prospective study of 26 patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer who underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI by Heethuis et al [34] demonstrated that the area under the curve could predict good responders and poor responders with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 77%. Sun et al [35] used dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to evaluate patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the esophagus and reported that the change in Ktrans was a parameter that could be potentially used to assess treatment response. Wang et al [36] studied 38 patients with squamous cell cancer of the esophagus undergoing chemoradiotherapy with weekly MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging. The authors reported that treatment-induced change in apparent diffusion coefficient during the first 2 to 3 weeks could be used to assess response to therapy. Wang et al [37] prospectively studied 79 patients with esophageal cancer who had 3T MRI before and after neoadjuvant therapy and reported a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of more than 90% for several sequences in T staging after neoadjuvant therapy. No studies are available that investigate the performance of MRI for detecting interval metastases in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy.