MRI Abdomen and Pelvis There is no current literature specific to the use of MRI of the abdomen and pelvis in the evaluation of suspected APN in pregnant patients. MRI of the abdomen and pelvis is generally safe in pregnant patients and may be useful in certain situations. MRI does do not expose the embryo, or fetus, or pregnant mother to ionizing radiation and can be useful for detecting APN, scarring, congenital anomalies of the kidneys, renal abscesses, hydronephrosis, and pyonephrosis [28-30]. Although there are no known adverse effects to human fetuses and no known cases of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis linked to the use of clinical doses of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in pregnant patients, GBCAs should only be used if the indication is considered critical and the potential benefits justify the potential unknown risk to the fetus [47]. MRI of the abdomen can be useful for detecting APN, scarring, congenital anomalies of the kidneys, renal abscesses, hydronephrosis, and pyonephrosis [28-30]. DWI [20] and contrast-enhanced MRI have similar benefits in detecting renal abnormalities [27] . Stud ies in adults have shown that DWI can be useful in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis [28-30]. APN, renal abscesses, and pyonephrosis have lower ADC values than normal renal cortical parenchyma [28]. Inclusion of the pelvis could improve detection of abnormalities of the lower urinary tract. MRI may allow for a limited evaluation of the embryo or fetus. However, traditional MRI examinations do n ot provide a comprehensive assessment of the urinary collecting systems [8,31,32]. The main disadvantages of MRI are poor accuracy for the detection of small urothelial calculi and reduced accuracy for detection of emphysematous pyelonephritis, [31,32]. MRI Abdomen There is no current literature specific to the use of MRI of the abdomen in the evaluation of suspected APN in pregnant patients.
Acute Pyelonephritis. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis There is no current literature specific to the use of MRI of the abdomen and pelvis in the evaluation of suspected APN in pregnant patients. MRI of the abdomen and pelvis is generally safe in pregnant patients and may be useful in certain situations. MRI does do not expose the embryo, or fetus, or pregnant mother to ionizing radiation and can be useful for detecting APN, scarring, congenital anomalies of the kidneys, renal abscesses, hydronephrosis, and pyonephrosis [28-30]. Although there are no known adverse effects to human fetuses and no known cases of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis linked to the use of clinical doses of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in pregnant patients, GBCAs should only be used if the indication is considered critical and the potential benefits justify the potential unknown risk to the fetus [47]. MRI of the abdomen can be useful for detecting APN, scarring, congenital anomalies of the kidneys, renal abscesses, hydronephrosis, and pyonephrosis [28-30]. DWI [20] and contrast-enhanced MRI have similar benefits in detecting renal abnormalities [27] . Stud ies in adults have shown that DWI can be useful in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis [28-30]. APN, renal abscesses, and pyonephrosis have lower ADC values than normal renal cortical parenchyma [28]. Inclusion of the pelvis could improve detection of abnormalities of the lower urinary tract. MRI may allow for a limited evaluation of the embryo or fetus. However, traditional MRI examinations do n ot provide a comprehensive assessment of the urinary collecting systems [8,31,32]. The main disadvantages of MRI are poor accuracy for the detection of small urothelial calculi and reduced accuracy for detection of emphysematous pyelonephritis, [31,32]. MRI Abdomen There is no current literature specific to the use of MRI of the abdomen in the evaluation of suspected APN in pregnant patients.