MRA of the head and neck can be performed either without intravenous (IV) contrast, with IV contrast, or as a combination of without and with IV contrast. Although imaging is not required in the setting of typical BPPV, MRA of the head and neck has been used to detect abnormalities of the carotid or vertebrobasilar arteries, which may be associated with symptoms of BPPV. The prevalence of vascular changes is higher in the elderly population with underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in a small prospective study of 126 patients [23]. MRI Cervical and Thoracic Spine With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI cervical and thoracic spine with IV contrast in the evaluation of t-EVS. MRI Cervical and Thoracic Spine Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI cervical and thoracic spine without and with IV contrast in the evaluation of t-EVS. MRI Cervical and Thoracic Spine Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI cervical and thoracic spine without IV contrast in the evaluation of t-EVS. MRI Head and Internal Auditory Canal With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI head and internal auditory canal (IAC) with IV contrast in the evaluation of t-EVS. Dizziness and Ataxia MRI Head and Internal Auditory Canal Without and With IV Contrast Imaging evaluation in BPPV with typical nystagmus on Dix-Hallpike testing is unnecessary. MRI of the head and IACs provides evaluation of the entire brain with the addition of specific sequences tailored toward assessment of the skull base and associated cranial nerves. The addition of these sequences allows improved detection of small masses and compressive vascular lesions (ie, aneurysm, vessel tortuosity) in and around the IACs.
Dizziness and Ataxia. MRA of the head and neck can be performed either without intravenous (IV) contrast, with IV contrast, or as a combination of without and with IV contrast. Although imaging is not required in the setting of typical BPPV, MRA of the head and neck has been used to detect abnormalities of the carotid or vertebrobasilar arteries, which may be associated with symptoms of BPPV. The prevalence of vascular changes is higher in the elderly population with underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in a small prospective study of 126 patients [23]. MRI Cervical and Thoracic Spine With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI cervical and thoracic spine with IV contrast in the evaluation of t-EVS. MRI Cervical and Thoracic Spine Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI cervical and thoracic spine without and with IV contrast in the evaluation of t-EVS. MRI Cervical and Thoracic Spine Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI cervical and thoracic spine without IV contrast in the evaluation of t-EVS. MRI Head and Internal Auditory Canal With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI head and internal auditory canal (IAC) with IV contrast in the evaluation of t-EVS. Dizziness and Ataxia MRI Head and Internal Auditory Canal Without and With IV Contrast Imaging evaluation in BPPV with typical nystagmus on Dix-Hallpike testing is unnecessary. MRI of the head and IACs provides evaluation of the entire brain with the addition of specific sequences tailored toward assessment of the skull base and associated cranial nerves. The addition of these sequences allows improved detection of small masses and compressive vascular lesions (ie, aneurysm, vessel tortuosity) in and around the IACs.