MRI Abdomen and Pelvis Without IV Contrast Although there is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of NMIBC, it may be useful in some clinical situations. However, CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). MRI Abdomen Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen without and with IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of NMIBC. Pretreatment Staging of Urothelial Cancer MRI Abdomen Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen without IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of NMIBC. MRI Head Without and With IV Contrast Neurological complications arising from bladder cancer are uncommon and typically arise from local extension of the tumor. According to a study on metastatic patterns of MIBC, brain metastases were found in only 5% of patients [45], ranking it as the ninth most common site of metastasis. Consequently, MRI of the brain is not recommended for routine use in asymptomatic patients and should only be considered on an individual basis [46]. MRI Head Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI head without IV contrast in the evaluation of NMIBC. MRI Pelvis Without and With IV Contrast There is some literature discussing the use of imaging, in particular MRI pelvis, in differentiating NMIBC from MIBC, however, most institutions are currently performing that differentiation at TURBT and histologic evaluation. MRI is particularly useful for detecting bladder cancer invasion of the detrusor muscle, perivesical tissues, and nearby organs [5,47,48].
Pretreatment Staging of Urothelial Cancer. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis Without IV Contrast Although there is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of NMIBC, it may be useful in some clinical situations. However, CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). MRI Abdomen Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen without and with IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of NMIBC. Pretreatment Staging of Urothelial Cancer MRI Abdomen Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen without IV contrast (separate from MRU) in the evaluation of NMIBC. MRI Head Without and With IV Contrast Neurological complications arising from bladder cancer are uncommon and typically arise from local extension of the tumor. According to a study on metastatic patterns of MIBC, brain metastases were found in only 5% of patients [45], ranking it as the ninth most common site of metastasis. Consequently, MRI of the brain is not recommended for routine use in asymptomatic patients and should only be considered on an individual basis [46]. MRI Head Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI head without IV contrast in the evaluation of NMIBC. MRI Pelvis Without and With IV Contrast There is some literature discussing the use of imaging, in particular MRI pelvis, in differentiating NMIBC from MIBC, however, most institutions are currently performing that differentiation at TURBT and histologic evaluation. MRI is particularly useful for detecting bladder cancer invasion of the detrusor muscle, perivesical tissues, and nearby organs [5,47,48].