dStanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Society of Surgical Oncology. eAlpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. fSmilow Cancer Hospital, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut; American College of Surgeons. gUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. hSutter Medical Group and Sutter Cancer Center, Roseville, California. iUT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; American Society of Clinical Oncology. jEmory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia. kBoston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Primary care physician. lSanford Health of Northern Minnesota, Bemidji, Minnesota. mUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington. nMayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona. oPerelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. pSpecialty Chair, NYU Clinical Cancer Center, New York, New York. The American College of Radiology seeks and encourages collaboration with other organizations on the development of the ACR Appropriateness Criteria through representation of such organizations on expert panels. Participation on the expert panel does not necessarily imply endorsement of the final document by individual contributors or their respective organization. Reprint requests to: publications@acr.org Imaging of the Axilla Special Imaging Considerations There are a few publications reporting on the utilization of elastography, contrast-enhanced US, photoacoustic imaging, and MRI with magnetic nanoparticles [16-18]. These advanced imaging methods are still investigational and not recommended for routine clinical use. CT Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis If a chest wall lesion or an axillary mass invading the chest wall is suspected, CT chest can determine if there is any adjacent bony involvement or any chest wall or pleural space involvement [23]. An axillary mass may also be an incidental imaging finding detected on a CT examination that includes the chest.
Imaging of the Axilla. dStanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Society of Surgical Oncology. eAlpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. fSmilow Cancer Hospital, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut; American College of Surgeons. gUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. hSutter Medical Group and Sutter Cancer Center, Roseville, California. iUT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; American Society of Clinical Oncology. jEmory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia. kBoston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Primary care physician. lSanford Health of Northern Minnesota, Bemidji, Minnesota. mUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington. nMayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona. oPerelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. pSpecialty Chair, NYU Clinical Cancer Center, New York, New York. The American College of Radiology seeks and encourages collaboration with other organizations on the development of the ACR Appropriateness Criteria through representation of such organizations on expert panels. Participation on the expert panel does not necessarily imply endorsement of the final document by individual contributors or their respective organization. Reprint requests to: publications@acr.org Imaging of the Axilla Special Imaging Considerations There are a few publications reporting on the utilization of elastography, contrast-enhanced US, photoacoustic imaging, and MRI with magnetic nanoparticles [16-18]. These advanced imaging methods are still investigational and not recommended for routine clinical use. CT Chest, Abdomen, and Pelvis If a chest wall lesion or an axillary mass invading the chest wall is suspected, CT chest can determine if there is any adjacent bony involvement or any chest wall or pleural space involvement [23]. An axillary mass may also be an incidental imaging finding detected on a CT examination that includes the chest.