CTA is considered the diagnostic reference standard over catheter angiography for aortic imaging [29,30]. CTA Lower Extremity with IV Contrast CTA is useful in the diagnosis of ALI and peripheral arterial disease [12-18]. CTA in multiple meta-analyses has demonstrated sensitivity and specificity for detecting hemodynamically significant arterial stenosis of up to 96% and 96%, respectively, relative to DSA [15,18,23,24]. This cross-sectional imaging technique has several advantages over catheter arteriography via the manipulation of acquired imaging data, including thin axial, 3-D volume rendering, and maximum intensity projection reconstructions [25]. Additionally, poststenotic or postocclusive vascular anatomy and collateralization may be better demonstrated using CTA than by catheter arteriography. Compared to MRA, CTA demonstrates superior spatial resolution and shorter scan time, contributing to lower likelihood of motion degradation. CTA generally also is less susceptible to severe image degradation due to metal artifact. A major disadvantage of CTA is its limited ability to depict the lumen in heavily calcified arteries. Artifact induced by calcium can lead to an overestimation of stenosis [26]. Dual-energy CTA can be employed to reduce beam- hardening artifact from calcium or vascular stents [27,28]. CTA of the abdomen and pelvis can be obtained in addition to the lower extremity when aortoiliac disease is a concern or if the aorta and iliac arteries have not already been imaged. The lack of visualization of the abdominal Sudden Onset of Cold, Painful Leg aorta and iliac vessels precludes evaluation for suitability before endovascular intervention or if pathology extends cranially beyond the lower extremities. MRA Abdomen and Pelvis with Bilateral Lower Extremity Runoff With IV Contrast The widespread adoption of 3T magnets has allowed for higher spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio acquisitions.
Sudden Onset of Cold Painful Leg. CTA is considered the diagnostic reference standard over catheter angiography for aortic imaging [29,30]. CTA Lower Extremity with IV Contrast CTA is useful in the diagnosis of ALI and peripheral arterial disease [12-18]. CTA in multiple meta-analyses has demonstrated sensitivity and specificity for detecting hemodynamically significant arterial stenosis of up to 96% and 96%, respectively, relative to DSA [15,18,23,24]. This cross-sectional imaging technique has several advantages over catheter arteriography via the manipulation of acquired imaging data, including thin axial, 3-D volume rendering, and maximum intensity projection reconstructions [25]. Additionally, poststenotic or postocclusive vascular anatomy and collateralization may be better demonstrated using CTA than by catheter arteriography. Compared to MRA, CTA demonstrates superior spatial resolution and shorter scan time, contributing to lower likelihood of motion degradation. CTA generally also is less susceptible to severe image degradation due to metal artifact. A major disadvantage of CTA is its limited ability to depict the lumen in heavily calcified arteries. Artifact induced by calcium can lead to an overestimation of stenosis [26]. Dual-energy CTA can be employed to reduce beam- hardening artifact from calcium or vascular stents [27,28]. CTA of the abdomen and pelvis can be obtained in addition to the lower extremity when aortoiliac disease is a concern or if the aorta and iliac arteries have not already been imaged. The lack of visualization of the abdominal Sudden Onset of Cold, Painful Leg aorta and iliac vessels precludes evaluation for suitability before endovascular intervention or if pathology extends cranially beyond the lower extremities. MRA Abdomen and Pelvis with Bilateral Lower Extremity Runoff With IV Contrast The widespread adoption of 3T magnets has allowed for higher spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio acquisitions.