US Duplex Doppler Groin There is no relevant literature to support the use of US with Doppler for the assessment of primary tumor extent. A number of studies evaluated groin US with Doppler and US-guided FNAB for IFLN assessment [25,36-38]. Combined US and US-guided FNAB is the most accurate approach to confirm IFLN metastases that are suspected based on clinical and/or imaging assessment. The advantage of this sampling approach is that it is minimally invasive; the limitation is the potential risk of undersampling in the setting of micrometastases. The aforementioned study by Land et al [25] reported on 44 patients with primary vulvar SCC who were imaged with one or more of the following modalities: CT, US, and/or US-guided FNAB prior to lymphadenectomy. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for US alone was 87%, 69%, 48%, and 94%, respectively, and for US-guided FNAB 80%, 100%, 93%, and 100%, respectively. US-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Groin There is no relevant literature to support the use of US-guided FNAB for the assessment of primary tumor extent. A number of studies evaluated groin US with Doppler and US-guided FNAB for IFLN assessment [25,36-38]. Combined US and US-guided FNAB is the most accurate approach to confirm IFLN metastases that are suspected based on clinical and/or imaging assessment. The advantage of this sampling approach is that it is minimally invasive; the limitation is the potential risk of undersampling in the setting of micrometastases. Staging and Follow-up of Vulvar Cancer the largest or most abnormal lymph node in each groin findings were found on US, US-guided FNAB prior to surgical management. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting metastatic involvement were 86% and 96% for US with Doppler alone but increased to 93% and 100% for US-guided FNAB, respectively.
Staging and Follow up of Vulvar Cancer. US Duplex Doppler Groin There is no relevant literature to support the use of US with Doppler for the assessment of primary tumor extent. A number of studies evaluated groin US with Doppler and US-guided FNAB for IFLN assessment [25,36-38]. Combined US and US-guided FNAB is the most accurate approach to confirm IFLN metastases that are suspected based on clinical and/or imaging assessment. The advantage of this sampling approach is that it is minimally invasive; the limitation is the potential risk of undersampling in the setting of micrometastases. The aforementioned study by Land et al [25] reported on 44 patients with primary vulvar SCC who were imaged with one or more of the following modalities: CT, US, and/or US-guided FNAB prior to lymphadenectomy. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for US alone was 87%, 69%, 48%, and 94%, respectively, and for US-guided FNAB 80%, 100%, 93%, and 100%, respectively. US-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Groin There is no relevant literature to support the use of US-guided FNAB for the assessment of primary tumor extent. A number of studies evaluated groin US with Doppler and US-guided FNAB for IFLN assessment [25,36-38]. Combined US and US-guided FNAB is the most accurate approach to confirm IFLN metastases that are suspected based on clinical and/or imaging assessment. The advantage of this sampling approach is that it is minimally invasive; the limitation is the potential risk of undersampling in the setting of micrometastases. Staging and Follow-up of Vulvar Cancer the largest or most abnormal lymph node in each groin findings were found on US, US-guided FNAB prior to surgical management. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting metastatic involvement were 86% and 96% for US with Doppler alone but increased to 93% and 100% for US-guided FNAB, respectively.