In addition, potential complications such as orbital or preseptal/periorbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, or subdural/epidural collections are inadequately visualized and may be missed in the absence of IV contrast administration. Therefore CT with IV contrast of the sinuses to include the orbits and brain is recommended [23,65]. A reported benefit of contrast-enhanced CT for detection of sinusitis-related complications versus MRI is its significantly shorter scan time, decreasing the need for sedation or general anesthesia in very young children. CT Venography Head When clinical or imaging findings point to potential vascular complications of sinusitis such as venous thrombosis, CT venography (CTV) can be performed, either as a follow-up study or as part of the initial CT imaging protocol [22,23,25]. CTV is not recommended as a stand-alone study but rather a complementary examination to standard head and sinus CT because other potential complications may be missed if CTV alone is used. CTA Head When clinical or imaging findings point to potential vascular complications of sinusitis, such as mycotic aneurysm, CT angiography (CTA) can be performed, either as a follow-up study or as part of the initial CT imaging protocol [66]. CTA is not recommended as a stand-alone study but rather a complementary examination to standard head and sinus CT because other potential complications may be missed when only CTA is used. MR Venography Head When clinical or imaging findings point to potential vascular complications of sinusitis such as venous thrombosis, MR venography (MRV) can be performed, either as a follow-up study or as part of the initial MRI protocol. Noncontrast MRV techniques should be reserved for patients with contraindication to IV contrast or those patients who otherwise did not need IV contrast for the cross-sectional part of the examination.
Sinusitis Child. In addition, potential complications such as orbital or preseptal/periorbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess, or subdural/epidural collections are inadequately visualized and may be missed in the absence of IV contrast administration. Therefore CT with IV contrast of the sinuses to include the orbits and brain is recommended [23,65]. A reported benefit of contrast-enhanced CT for detection of sinusitis-related complications versus MRI is its significantly shorter scan time, decreasing the need for sedation or general anesthesia in very young children. CT Venography Head When clinical or imaging findings point to potential vascular complications of sinusitis such as venous thrombosis, CT venography (CTV) can be performed, either as a follow-up study or as part of the initial CT imaging protocol [22,23,25]. CTV is not recommended as a stand-alone study but rather a complementary examination to standard head and sinus CT because other potential complications may be missed if CTV alone is used. CTA Head When clinical or imaging findings point to potential vascular complications of sinusitis, such as mycotic aneurysm, CT angiography (CTA) can be performed, either as a follow-up study or as part of the initial CT imaging protocol [66]. CTA is not recommended as a stand-alone study but rather a complementary examination to standard head and sinus CT because other potential complications may be missed when only CTA is used. MR Venography Head When clinical or imaging findings point to potential vascular complications of sinusitis such as venous thrombosis, MR venography (MRV) can be performed, either as a follow-up study or as part of the initial MRI protocol. Noncontrast MRV techniques should be reserved for patients with contraindication to IV contrast or those patients who otherwise did not need IV contrast for the cross-sectional part of the examination.