However, a contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis remains a study that is not tailored for evaluation of the urothelium and therefore does not optimally evaluate the collecting systems, ureters, and bladder. Moreover, lacking an unenhanced CT component, a contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis can limit the detection of calculi and the characterization of enhancement within masses [24]. The addition of rectal contrast or oral contrast with delayed scanning of an enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis is useful to detect enterovesical fistulas and infected fistulous tracts [28]. CT Pelvis with Bladder Contrast (CT Cystography) CT cystography has supplanted fluoroscopic cystogram for the evaluation of traumatic bladder injuries, including intraperitoneal, extraperitoneal, or combined rupture and bladder contusions [29]. It is also useful for diagnosing bladder fistulas and leaks, particularly colovesical fistulas occurring as a result of sigmoid diverticular disease, which can remain undiagnosed despite evaluation with cystoscopy and contrast-enhanced CT [19]. CTU CTU CTU is a primary test for the evaluation of recurrent complicated UTIs. It includes unenhanced, nephrographic phase, and excretory phase images, with the latter providing a detailed anatomic depiction of each of the major portions of the urinary tract including the kidneys, intrarenal collecting systems, ureters, and bladder [30]. Diuretic administration prior to the excretory phase can augment both urinary tract distention and opacification [30]. CTU has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the identification of renal and urothelial lesions [31]. This allows patients with hematuria to be evaluated comprehensively and can identify abnormalities of the collecting systems [27]. It is also useful for detecting or excluding congenital anomalies or obstruction of the urinary tract in patients with complicated recurrent UTIs.
Recurrent Lower Urinary Tract Infections in Females. However, a contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis remains a study that is not tailored for evaluation of the urothelium and therefore does not optimally evaluate the collecting systems, ureters, and bladder. Moreover, lacking an unenhanced CT component, a contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis can limit the detection of calculi and the characterization of enhancement within masses [24]. The addition of rectal contrast or oral contrast with delayed scanning of an enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis is useful to detect enterovesical fistulas and infected fistulous tracts [28]. CT Pelvis with Bladder Contrast (CT Cystography) CT cystography has supplanted fluoroscopic cystogram for the evaluation of traumatic bladder injuries, including intraperitoneal, extraperitoneal, or combined rupture and bladder contusions [29]. It is also useful for diagnosing bladder fistulas and leaks, particularly colovesical fistulas occurring as a result of sigmoid diverticular disease, which can remain undiagnosed despite evaluation with cystoscopy and contrast-enhanced CT [19]. CTU CTU CTU is a primary test for the evaluation of recurrent complicated UTIs. It includes unenhanced, nephrographic phase, and excretory phase images, with the latter providing a detailed anatomic depiction of each of the major portions of the urinary tract including the kidneys, intrarenal collecting systems, ureters, and bladder [30]. Diuretic administration prior to the excretory phase can augment both urinary tract distention and opacification [30]. CTU has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the identification of renal and urothelial lesions [31]. This allows patients with hematuria to be evaluated comprehensively and can identify abnormalities of the collecting systems [27]. It is also useful for detecting or excluding congenital anomalies or obstruction of the urinary tract in patients with complicated recurrent UTIs.