Other retrospective studies showed a prevalence of 2% to 27% for arteriovenous shunts in patients with PT undergoing DSA [35]. Cervical artery dissection (carotid or vertebral) can also cause PT in 8% to 10% of patients with PT and can be diagnosed by CTA, MRA, or catheter arteriography. Catheter arteriography is rarely required for this indication; however, because of the excellent accuracy of CTA and MRA [37,38]. CT Head With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT head with IV contrast for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. CT Head Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT head without and with IV contrast for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. CT Head Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT head without IV contrast for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. CT Temporal Bone With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT temporal bone with IV contrast for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. IV contrast is not needed in the assessment of semicircular canal dehiscence, enlarged vestibular aqueduct, SSWA, jugular bulb dehiscence, or glomus jugulare paraganglioma. This may detect transverse sinus stenosis and some cases of dAVFs but cannot assess the neck vessels. CT Temporal Bone Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT temporal bone without and with IV contrast for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. CT Temporal Bone Without IV Contrast CT temporal bone without IV contrast does not show the arterial abnormalities in the neck, or intracranial vascular abnormalities such as dAVF, AVM, and transverse sinus stenosis, which are potential causes in this setting.
Tinnitus. Other retrospective studies showed a prevalence of 2% to 27% for arteriovenous shunts in patients with PT undergoing DSA [35]. Cervical artery dissection (carotid or vertebral) can also cause PT in 8% to 10% of patients with PT and can be diagnosed by CTA, MRA, or catheter arteriography. Catheter arteriography is rarely required for this indication; however, because of the excellent accuracy of CTA and MRA [37,38]. CT Head With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT head with IV contrast for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. CT Head Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT head without and with IV contrast for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. CT Head Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT head without IV contrast for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. CT Temporal Bone With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT temporal bone with IV contrast for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. IV contrast is not needed in the assessment of semicircular canal dehiscence, enlarged vestibular aqueduct, SSWA, jugular bulb dehiscence, or glomus jugulare paraganglioma. This may detect transverse sinus stenosis and some cases of dAVFs but cannot assess the neck vessels. CT Temporal Bone Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT temporal bone without and with IV contrast for evaluation of PT when otoscopy does not show a vascular retrotympanic lesion. CT Temporal Bone Without IV Contrast CT temporal bone without IV contrast does not show the arterial abnormalities in the neck, or intracranial vascular abnormalities such as dAVF, AVM, and transverse sinus stenosis, which are potential causes in this setting.