Although CT with IV contrast may be feasible depending on the stage of CKD, it is not appropriate for the diagnosis of and determination of the cause of CKD. There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast for initial evaluation of CKD. CT Abdomen There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CT abdomen in the initial evaluation of CKD. CTA Abdomen and Pelvis In CKD, contrast-enhanced CTA might be carefully considered for vascular thrombosis or stenosis depending on the GFR and risk-benefit ratio. In one study of 1,007 patients with CKD undergoing US, renal artery stenosis was found in 4.3% of patients [39]. There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CTA abdomen and pelvis for initial evaluation of CKD. Renal Failure CT Urography There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CTU in the initial evaluation of CKD. MRA Abdomen MRA is indicated when there is a high suspicion of a renovascular cause of CKD, which is rare. In one study of 1,007 patients with CKD undergoing US, renal artery stenosis was found in 4.3% of patients [39]. Unenhanced MRA techniques may be an option. When compared with contrast-enhanced CTA in the detection of <50% or >50% renal artery stenosis, an unenhanced MRA was reported to have a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 74%, 93%, and 90%, respectively [19]. For contrast-enhanced MRA, a group II contrast agent using lowest dose that obtains a diagnostic study should be used [9]. In the detection o f >60% renal artery stenosis, c ontrast-enhanced MRA has a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 93% compared to 85% and 84%, respectively, for Doppler US [18]. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast in the initial evaluation of CKD. MRI Abdomen Unenhanced MRI may be used for characterization of level and cause of obstruction or evaluation of renal morphologic abnormalities.
Renal Failure. Although CT with IV contrast may be feasible depending on the stage of CKD, it is not appropriate for the diagnosis of and determination of the cause of CKD. There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CT abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast for initial evaluation of CKD. CT Abdomen There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CT abdomen in the initial evaluation of CKD. CTA Abdomen and Pelvis In CKD, contrast-enhanced CTA might be carefully considered for vascular thrombosis or stenosis depending on the GFR and risk-benefit ratio. In one study of 1,007 patients with CKD undergoing US, renal artery stenosis was found in 4.3% of patients [39]. There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CTA abdomen and pelvis for initial evaluation of CKD. Renal Failure CT Urography There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CTU in the initial evaluation of CKD. MRA Abdomen MRA is indicated when there is a high suspicion of a renovascular cause of CKD, which is rare. In one study of 1,007 patients with CKD undergoing US, renal artery stenosis was found in 4.3% of patients [39]. Unenhanced MRA techniques may be an option. When compared with contrast-enhanced CTA in the detection of <50% or >50% renal artery stenosis, an unenhanced MRA was reported to have a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 74%, 93%, and 90%, respectively [19]. For contrast-enhanced MRA, a group II contrast agent using lowest dose that obtains a diagnostic study should be used [9]. In the detection o f >60% renal artery stenosis, c ontrast-enhanced MRA has a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 93% compared to 85% and 84%, respectively, for Doppler US [18]. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast in the initial evaluation of CKD. MRI Abdomen Unenhanced MRI may be used for characterization of level and cause of obstruction or evaluation of renal morphologic abnormalities.