Contrast-enhanced MRA may be an optimal imaging modality for patients at high risk for calcification of the distal arterial vessels, particularly patients with suspected significant arterial calcific plaque burden [16,36]. The imaging-related disadvantages of MRA relative to CTA include lower signal-to-noise ratio, limited spatial resolution, longer acquisition times, and a greater potential for artifact-related image degradation, namely, from motion and susceptibility from metal stents and orthopedic hardware; techniques have been developed to address some of these issues [37-40]. Sudden Onset of Cold, Painful Leg MRA of the abdomen and pelvis can be obtained in addition to bilateral lower extremity runoff when aortoiliac disease is a concern or if the aorta and iliac arteries have not already been imaged. The lack of visualization of the abdominal aorta and iliac vessels precludes evaluation for suitability before endovascular intervention or if pathology extends cranially beyond the lower extremities. MRA Lower Extremity Without IV Contrast The imaging-related disadvantages of MRA relative to CTA include lower signal-to-noise ratio, limited spatial resolution, longer acquisition times, and a greater potential for artifact-related image degradation, namely, from motion and susceptibility from metal stents and orthopedic hardware; numerous techniques have been developed to address some of these issues [37-40]. Compared to MRA abdomen and pelvis with bilateral lower extremity runoff without IV contrast, the lack of visualization of the abdominal aorta and iliac vessels precludes evaluation for suitability for possible endovascular intervention or if pathology extends cranially beyond the lower extremities. US Duplex Doppler Aorta Abdomen Duplex Doppler US is a noninvasive, portable imaging modality that can be quickly performed and repeated without potential risk.
Sudden Onset of Cold Painful Leg. Contrast-enhanced MRA may be an optimal imaging modality for patients at high risk for calcification of the distal arterial vessels, particularly patients with suspected significant arterial calcific plaque burden [16,36]. The imaging-related disadvantages of MRA relative to CTA include lower signal-to-noise ratio, limited spatial resolution, longer acquisition times, and a greater potential for artifact-related image degradation, namely, from motion and susceptibility from metal stents and orthopedic hardware; techniques have been developed to address some of these issues [37-40]. Sudden Onset of Cold, Painful Leg MRA of the abdomen and pelvis can be obtained in addition to bilateral lower extremity runoff when aortoiliac disease is a concern or if the aorta and iliac arteries have not already been imaged. The lack of visualization of the abdominal aorta and iliac vessels precludes evaluation for suitability before endovascular intervention or if pathology extends cranially beyond the lower extremities. MRA Lower Extremity Without IV Contrast The imaging-related disadvantages of MRA relative to CTA include lower signal-to-noise ratio, limited spatial resolution, longer acquisition times, and a greater potential for artifact-related image degradation, namely, from motion and susceptibility from metal stents and orthopedic hardware; numerous techniques have been developed to address some of these issues [37-40]. Compared to MRA abdomen and pelvis with bilateral lower extremity runoff without IV contrast, the lack of visualization of the abdominal aorta and iliac vessels precludes evaluation for suitability for possible endovascular intervention or if pathology extends cranially beyond the lower extremities. US Duplex Doppler Aorta Abdomen Duplex Doppler US is a noninvasive, portable imaging modality that can be quickly performed and repeated without potential risk.