Chagas disease has an acute, a long indeterminate, and a chronic cardiac phase, with one-third of seropositive individuals developing chronic heart disease [135]. Cardiac Chagas presents as HF, arrhythmia, heart block, sudden death, and thromboembolic events [2]. Human immunodeficiency virus can cause cardiomyopathy in 8% of asymptomatic individuals [2]. There is no single test that can accurately diagnose inflammatory cardiomyopathy are evaluated using history, clinical examination, serology, ECG, and noninvasive imaging tests. Nonischemic Myocardial Disease Endomyocardial biopsy with histopathology, immunohistology, and molecular techniques may be necessary for diagnosis. Arteriography Coronary There is no relevant literature to support the use of coronary arteriography for the evaluation of inflammatory myocardial disorders when ischemia has already been excluded. Arteriography Coronary with Ventriculography There is no relevant literature to support the use of coronary arteriography for the evaluation of inflammatory myocardial disorders. CT Chest There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT chest for the evaluation of inflammatory myocardial disorders. CT Coronary Calcium There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT coronary calcium for the evaluation of inflammatory myocardial disorders. CT Heart Function and Morphology CT has been shown to display focal or multifocal enhancement and absence of coronary stenosis correlating with MRI [136]. CTA Coronary There is no relevant literature to support the use of CTA coronary arteries for the evaluation of inflammatory myocardial disorders. FDG-PET/CT Heart FDG-PET/CT may be useful in the evaluation of inflammatory cardiomyopathies, particularly in the evaluation of acute presentation of cardiac sarcoidosis [54,60]. FDG-PET/CT is not commonly used in the diagnosis of myocarditis. However, if performed, high uptake may be seen in FDG-PET/CT.
Nonischemic Myocardial Disease with Clinical Manifestations Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Already Excluded . Chagas disease has an acute, a long indeterminate, and a chronic cardiac phase, with one-third of seropositive individuals developing chronic heart disease [135]. Cardiac Chagas presents as HF, arrhythmia, heart block, sudden death, and thromboembolic events [2]. Human immunodeficiency virus can cause cardiomyopathy in 8% of asymptomatic individuals [2]. There is no single test that can accurately diagnose inflammatory cardiomyopathy are evaluated using history, clinical examination, serology, ECG, and noninvasive imaging tests. Nonischemic Myocardial Disease Endomyocardial biopsy with histopathology, immunohistology, and molecular techniques may be necessary for diagnosis. Arteriography Coronary There is no relevant literature to support the use of coronary arteriography for the evaluation of inflammatory myocardial disorders when ischemia has already been excluded. Arteriography Coronary with Ventriculography There is no relevant literature to support the use of coronary arteriography for the evaluation of inflammatory myocardial disorders. CT Chest There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT chest for the evaluation of inflammatory myocardial disorders. CT Coronary Calcium There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT coronary calcium for the evaluation of inflammatory myocardial disorders. CT Heart Function and Morphology CT has been shown to display focal or multifocal enhancement and absence of coronary stenosis correlating with MRI [136]. CTA Coronary There is no relevant literature to support the use of CTA coronary arteries for the evaluation of inflammatory myocardial disorders. FDG-PET/CT Heart FDG-PET/CT may be useful in the evaluation of inflammatory cardiomyopathies, particularly in the evaluation of acute presentation of cardiac sarcoidosis [54,60]. FDG-PET/CT is not commonly used in the diagnosis of myocarditis. However, if performed, high uptake may be seen in FDG-PET/CT.