HMPAO SPECT or SPECT/CT Brain There is no relevant literature to support the use of SPECT in the imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. MR Spectroscopy Head There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRS in the imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. MRI Functional (fMRI) Head There is no relevant literature to support the use of fMRI in the imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. MRI Head Please refer to MRV for neurovascular imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. Concurrent MRI may be useful in the clinical setting of suspected intracranial venous injury for assessing structural changes to the brain since the most recent neuroimaging study (eg, new or progressive neurologic deficit). Head Trauma MRI Head with DTI There is no relevant literature to support the use of DTI in the imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. MRV Head In the setting of acute trauma, MRV is considered a second-line noninvasive option behind CTV, which is faster, has fewer safety concerns, and is most useful in the initial imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury [58]. MRV may be useful outside of the acute setting, and noncontrast MRV using time-of-flight or phase- contrast techniques can be used in patients who cannot receive iodinated or gadolinium-based contrast. Radiography Skull There is no relevant literature to support the use of radiographs in the imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. CT Head Cisternography CT cisternography is high-resolution CT (HRCT) of the skull base after a lumbar puncture for intrathecal administration of approximately 10 mL of an iodinated contrast agent (eg, 3 g of iodine).
Head Trauma PCAs. HMPAO SPECT or SPECT/CT Brain There is no relevant literature to support the use of SPECT in the imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. MR Spectroscopy Head There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRS in the imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. MRI Functional (fMRI) Head There is no relevant literature to support the use of fMRI in the imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. MRI Head Please refer to MRV for neurovascular imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. Concurrent MRI may be useful in the clinical setting of suspected intracranial venous injury for assessing structural changes to the brain since the most recent neuroimaging study (eg, new or progressive neurologic deficit). Head Trauma MRI Head with DTI There is no relevant literature to support the use of DTI in the imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. MRV Head In the setting of acute trauma, MRV is considered a second-line noninvasive option behind CTV, which is faster, has fewer safety concerns, and is most useful in the initial imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury [58]. MRV may be useful outside of the acute setting, and noncontrast MRV using time-of-flight or phase- contrast techniques can be used in patients who cannot receive iodinated or gadolinium-based contrast. Radiography Skull There is no relevant literature to support the use of radiographs in the imaging evaluation of suspected intracranial venous injury. CT Head Cisternography CT cisternography is high-resolution CT (HRCT) of the skull base after a lumbar puncture for intrathecal administration of approximately 10 mL of an iodinated contrast agent (eg, 3 g of iodine).