US Echocardiography Transthoracic Stress There is no relevant literature to support the use of TTE stress for the evaluation of dyspnea due to suspected arrhythmia, ischemia excluded. Variant 3: Dyspnea due to suspected pericardial disease. Ischemia excluded. Initial imaging. Arteriography Coronary with Ventriculography There is no relevant literature to support the use of arteriography coronary with ventriculography for the evaluation of dyspnea due to suspected pericardial disease, ischemia excluded. This is distinguished from right heart catheterization. CT Chest Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT chest without and with IV contrast for the evaluation of dyspnea due to suspected pericardial disease, ischemia excluded. CT Chest With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT chest with IV contrast for the evaluation of dyspnea due to suspected pericardial disease, ischemia excluded. Although this procedure is not a first-line imaging test, it may provide information on pericardial changes such as effusion, thickening, or enhancement. Dyspnea-Suspected Cardiac Origin CT Coronary Calcium There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT coronary calcium for the evaluation of dyspnea due to suspected pericardial disease, ischemia excluded. CT Heart Function and Morphology CT is useful in depiction of abnormal pericardial thickening as well as in defining the extent of pericardial calcification [100]. CT can be considered for assessing size, location, and density of pericardial effusion, which may not be fully demonstrated by echocardiography, and can be used for planning before pericardiocentesis or pericardial cardiectomy. In cases of suspected pericardial masses or tumors, CT can be used for assessment of size and location, involvement or invasion of adjacent structures, and extracardiac findings such as lymphadenopathy [101].
Dyspnea Suspected Cardiac Origin Ischemia Already Excluded . US Echocardiography Transthoracic Stress There is no relevant literature to support the use of TTE stress for the evaluation of dyspnea due to suspected arrhythmia, ischemia excluded. Variant 3: Dyspnea due to suspected pericardial disease. Ischemia excluded. Initial imaging. Arteriography Coronary with Ventriculography There is no relevant literature to support the use of arteriography coronary with ventriculography for the evaluation of dyspnea due to suspected pericardial disease, ischemia excluded. This is distinguished from right heart catheterization. CT Chest Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT chest without and with IV contrast for the evaluation of dyspnea due to suspected pericardial disease, ischemia excluded. CT Chest With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT chest with IV contrast for the evaluation of dyspnea due to suspected pericardial disease, ischemia excluded. Although this procedure is not a first-line imaging test, it may provide information on pericardial changes such as effusion, thickening, or enhancement. Dyspnea-Suspected Cardiac Origin CT Coronary Calcium There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT coronary calcium for the evaluation of dyspnea due to suspected pericardial disease, ischemia excluded. CT Heart Function and Morphology CT is useful in depiction of abnormal pericardial thickening as well as in defining the extent of pericardial calcification [100]. CT can be considered for assessing size, location, and density of pericardial effusion, which may not be fully demonstrated by echocardiography, and can be used for planning before pericardiocentesis or pericardial cardiectomy. In cases of suspected pericardial masses or tumors, CT can be used for assessment of size and location, involvement or invasion of adjacent structures, and extracardiac findings such as lymphadenopathy [101].