The American College of Radiology seeks and encourages collaboration with other organizations on the development of the ACR Appropriateness Criteria through representation of such organizations on expert panels. Participation on the expert panel does not necessarily imply endorsement of the final document by individual contributors or their respective organization. Reprint requests to: publications@acr.org Transgender Breast Cancer Screening published reports of benign breast entities, such as fibroadenomas, cysts, and lipomas [3,11], as well as breast malignancies that include ductal and lobular carcinomas and malignant phyllodes tumor [3,12]. In addition to planar images, DBT allows for creation and viewing of thin-section reconstructed images that decrease the lesion-masking effect of overlapping normal tissue, thereby decreasing false-positive recalls as well as improving cancer detection rates (CDRs) in breast cancer screening. Transgender Breast Cancer Screening was increased in transgender women who received hormone treatment (31.4 per 100,000 person-years compared with 1.2 per 100,000 person-years for cisgender men and 170 per 100,000 person-years for cisgender women) [1]. Any conclusions drawn from the existing literature are significantly limited by inconsistent dose and length of exposure to hormones as well as small sample size and relatively short duration of follow-up. Large prospective cisgender studies have shown that exogenous hormones, in particular estrogen and progestin, increase breast cancer risk in cisgender postmenopausal females [18-20], which could support a role for screening in this clinical setting. Additionally, in cisgender males, high estrogen levels associated with certain conditions, such as Klinefelter syndrome, liver disease, testicular dysfunction, and obesity, are recognized risk factors for developing breast cancer [21].
Transgender Breast Cancer Screening. The American College of Radiology seeks and encourages collaboration with other organizations on the development of the ACR Appropriateness Criteria through representation of such organizations on expert panels. Participation on the expert panel does not necessarily imply endorsement of the final document by individual contributors or their respective organization. Reprint requests to: publications@acr.org Transgender Breast Cancer Screening published reports of benign breast entities, such as fibroadenomas, cysts, and lipomas [3,11], as well as breast malignancies that include ductal and lobular carcinomas and malignant phyllodes tumor [3,12]. In addition to planar images, DBT allows for creation and viewing of thin-section reconstructed images that decrease the lesion-masking effect of overlapping normal tissue, thereby decreasing false-positive recalls as well as improving cancer detection rates (CDRs) in breast cancer screening. Transgender Breast Cancer Screening was increased in transgender women who received hormone treatment (31.4 per 100,000 person-years compared with 1.2 per 100,000 person-years for cisgender men and 170 per 100,000 person-years for cisgender women) [1]. Any conclusions drawn from the existing literature are significantly limited by inconsistent dose and length of exposure to hormones as well as small sample size and relatively short duration of follow-up. Large prospective cisgender studies have shown that exogenous hormones, in particular estrogen and progestin, increase breast cancer risk in cisgender postmenopausal females [18-20], which could support a role for screening in this clinical setting. Additionally, in cisgender males, high estrogen levels associated with certain conditions, such as Klinefelter syndrome, liver disease, testicular dysfunction, and obesity, are recognized risk factors for developing breast cancer [21].