Discussion of Procedures by Variant Isolated Hematuria (nonpainful, nontraumatic) Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (usually defined as five or more red blood cells per high-powered field in either 2 or 3 of 3 consecutive urine specimens [16]) is a common entity, with an incidence estimated to be 0.25% to 1.0% in children 6 to 15 years of age [3-5,7-9,11,14,15]. CT Computed tomography (CT) is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. US US is generally not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. Microscopic hematuria is sometimes associated with hypercalciuria [19] and hyperuricosuria, and some authors advocate renal US to evaluate for renal calculi in these patients [14,20], although others have found little value in this technique [3]. In cases of persistent unexplained microhematuria, US may be used to evaluate for occult anatomic abnormalities (cystic renal disease, nutcracker syndrome, congenital anomalies, etc), although the yield of these examinations is low [7-9,11,14,21]. Isolated microscopic hematuria is very rarely the presenting scenario of Wilms tumor [3]. IVU Intravenous urography (IVU) is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria [14,21]. MRI Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. VCUG VCUG is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. Voiding Urosonography Voiding urosonography is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. Radiography Radiography (abdomen and pelvis [KUB]) is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. Variant 2: Child.
Hematuria Child. Discussion of Procedures by Variant Isolated Hematuria (nonpainful, nontraumatic) Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (usually defined as five or more red blood cells per high-powered field in either 2 or 3 of 3 consecutive urine specimens [16]) is a common entity, with an incidence estimated to be 0.25% to 1.0% in children 6 to 15 years of age [3-5,7-9,11,14,15]. CT Computed tomography (CT) is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. US US is generally not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. Microscopic hematuria is sometimes associated with hypercalciuria [19] and hyperuricosuria, and some authors advocate renal US to evaluate for renal calculi in these patients [14,20], although others have found little value in this technique [3]. In cases of persistent unexplained microhematuria, US may be used to evaluate for occult anatomic abnormalities (cystic renal disease, nutcracker syndrome, congenital anomalies, etc), although the yield of these examinations is low [7-9,11,14,21]. Isolated microscopic hematuria is very rarely the presenting scenario of Wilms tumor [3]. IVU Intravenous urography (IVU) is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria [14,21]. MRI Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. VCUG VCUG is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. Voiding Urosonography Voiding urosonography is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. Radiography Radiography (abdomen and pelvis [KUB]) is not appropriate in the initial evaluation of isolated nonpainful, nontraumatic hematuria without proteinuria. Variant 2: Child.