These procedures, the majority of which are described in the lumbar and thoracic spine, are used for the palliation of pain related to VCFs and have been shown to be effective compared to medical management [13,21-23]. Minimally invasive percutaneous image-guided techniques for treating spine tumors include newer technologies, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) [37], cryoablation, microwave ablation, alcohol ablation, and laser photocoagulation. These modalities provide an alternative or adjunct therapeutic option for treating spinal tumors beyond medical pain management, surgery, radiation therapy (RT), and standard VA. Curative ablation can be applied to treat specific benign or selected cases of malignant oligometastatic spinal tumors. Pain palliation of primary and secondary bone tumors is also possible with ablation (chemical, thermal, mechanical), cavitation (radiofrequency ionization), and consolidation (VP, BK) techniques performed separately or in combination. Discussion of Procedures by Variant Variant 1: New symptomatic vertebral compression fracture (VCF) identified on radiographs. No known malignancy. Next imaging study. The body regions covered in this clinical scenario are the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. These body regions might be evaluated separately or in combination as guided by physical examination findings, patient history, and other available information, including prior imaging. For some authors, focal tenderness upon palpation in correlation with radiographs of the vertebral column is a satisfactory indication for intervention. However, spine radiographs are often nonspecific with respect to the acuity or cause of the vertebral fracture [38]. CT Spine Area of Interest CT provides osseous details of axial spine fractures before VA [12,39].
Management of Vertebral Compression Fractures PCAs. These procedures, the majority of which are described in the lumbar and thoracic spine, are used for the palliation of pain related to VCFs and have been shown to be effective compared to medical management [13,21-23]. Minimally invasive percutaneous image-guided techniques for treating spine tumors include newer technologies, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) [37], cryoablation, microwave ablation, alcohol ablation, and laser photocoagulation. These modalities provide an alternative or adjunct therapeutic option for treating spinal tumors beyond medical pain management, surgery, radiation therapy (RT), and standard VA. Curative ablation can be applied to treat specific benign or selected cases of malignant oligometastatic spinal tumors. Pain palliation of primary and secondary bone tumors is also possible with ablation (chemical, thermal, mechanical), cavitation (radiofrequency ionization), and consolidation (VP, BK) techniques performed separately or in combination. Discussion of Procedures by Variant Variant 1: New symptomatic vertebral compression fracture (VCF) identified on radiographs. No known malignancy. Next imaging study. The body regions covered in this clinical scenario are the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. These body regions might be evaluated separately or in combination as guided by physical examination findings, patient history, and other available information, including prior imaging. For some authors, focal tenderness upon palpation in correlation with radiographs of the vertebral column is a satisfactory indication for intervention. However, spine radiographs are often nonspecific with respect to the acuity or cause of the vertebral fracture [38]. CT Spine Area of Interest CT provides osseous details of axial spine fractures before VA [12,39].