MRI Fetal Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of fetal MRI without IV contrast in the evaluation of fetuses with soft markers. US Pregnant Uterus Transabdominal Follow-up If one or more required structures are not adequately demonstrated during the detailed fetal anatomic examination, if the study is considered incomplete, or if there is reason for follow-up of an anomaly identified on the screening or detailed examination, the patient may be brought back for a focused follow-up assessment [33]. Even if the fetus is euploid, follow-up US is recommended at 32 weeks for the following soft markers: pyelectasis, short humerus length, short femur length, and echogenic bowel [8,17,59,62,63]. US Pregnant Uterus Transabdominal Detailed Scan If a soft marker is found on the anatomy scan, a detailed US examination can be performed at the same time to look for additional markers and anomalies, or may be scheduled for the near future. For soft markers that relate only to aneuploidy risk, such as echogenic intracardiac focus and choroid plexus cyst, a detailed scan is optional to be certain the finding is isolated. For other soft markers, such as renal pyelectasis, short humerus and femur, nuchal thickening, echogenic bowel, and short or absent nasal bone, a detailed scan is usually indicated [8,17,52,59,61]. Second and Third Trimester Screening for Fetal Anomaly MRI Fetal Without and With IV Contrast MRI abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast is not recommended for fetal evaluation. There are no documented fetal indications for the use of MRI contrast, but there may be rare instances where contrast is potentially helpful in evaluating maternal anatomy or pathology, to be decided on a case by case basis [45].
Second and Third Trimester Screening for Fetal Anomaly. MRI Fetal Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of fetal MRI without IV contrast in the evaluation of fetuses with soft markers. US Pregnant Uterus Transabdominal Follow-up If one or more required structures are not adequately demonstrated during the detailed fetal anatomic examination, if the study is considered incomplete, or if there is reason for follow-up of an anomaly identified on the screening or detailed examination, the patient may be brought back for a focused follow-up assessment [33]. Even if the fetus is euploid, follow-up US is recommended at 32 weeks for the following soft markers: pyelectasis, short humerus length, short femur length, and echogenic bowel [8,17,59,62,63]. US Pregnant Uterus Transabdominal Detailed Scan If a soft marker is found on the anatomy scan, a detailed US examination can be performed at the same time to look for additional markers and anomalies, or may be scheduled for the near future. For soft markers that relate only to aneuploidy risk, such as echogenic intracardiac focus and choroid plexus cyst, a detailed scan is optional to be certain the finding is isolated. For other soft markers, such as renal pyelectasis, short humerus and femur, nuchal thickening, echogenic bowel, and short or absent nasal bone, a detailed scan is usually indicated [8,17,52,59,61]. Second and Third Trimester Screening for Fetal Anomaly MRI Fetal Without and With IV Contrast MRI abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast is not recommended for fetal evaluation. There are no documented fetal indications for the use of MRI contrast, but there may be rare instances where contrast is potentially helpful in evaluating maternal anatomy or pathology, to be decided on a case by case basis [45].