CT Pelvis With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT pelvis with IV contrast in the evaluation of NMIBC. CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). CT Pelvis Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT pelvis without and with IV contrast in the evaluation of NMIBC. CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). CT Pelvis Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT pelvis without IV contrast in the evaluation of NMIBC. CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). CTU Without and With IV Contrast CT, particularly CTU, is the most used imaging modality worldwide for the diagnosis and staging of urothelial malignancies [2]. CTU is commonly used for localizing, locoregional staging, and detecting distant metastases [34], however, in NMIBC, the usefulness is primarily to identify synchronous UCs. According to a recent review by Mirmomen et al [35], CTU demonstrated a 91% diagnostic accuracy in detecting UCs. Studies have indicated that CTU is similarly sensitive overall to cystoscopy (CTU up to 87% sensitive, 99% specific; cystoscopy 87% sensitive, 100% specific), but it may miss very small or flat lesions that are more easily detected by cystoscopy [23]. If cystoscopy is performed first, CTU is used to detect isolated or concurrent upper tract lesions, because approximately 2% to 4% of patients with bladder cancer may have concurrent UTUC.
Pretreatment Staging of Urothelial Cancer. CT Pelvis With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT pelvis with IV contrast in the evaluation of NMIBC. CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). CT Pelvis Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT pelvis without and with IV contrast in the evaluation of NMIBC. CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). CT Pelvis Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT pelvis without IV contrast in the evaluation of NMIBC. CTU and MRU are of greater usefulness because they allow for the comprehensive evaluation of the genitourinary tract, as well as the assessment of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes (see CTU and MRU sections). CTU Without and With IV Contrast CT, particularly CTU, is the most used imaging modality worldwide for the diagnosis and staging of urothelial malignancies [2]. CTU is commonly used for localizing, locoregional staging, and detecting distant metastases [34], however, in NMIBC, the usefulness is primarily to identify synchronous UCs. According to a recent review by Mirmomen et al [35], CTU demonstrated a 91% diagnostic accuracy in detecting UCs. Studies have indicated that CTU is similarly sensitive overall to cystoscopy (CTU up to 87% sensitive, 99% specific; cystoscopy 87% sensitive, 100% specific), but it may miss very small or flat lesions that are more easily detected by cystoscopy [23]. If cystoscopy is performed first, CTU is used to detect isolated or concurrent upper tract lesions, because approximately 2% to 4% of patients with bladder cancer may have concurrent UTUC.