There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CTA abdomen and pelvis in the evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration. CT Urography There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CTU in the evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration and the requirement for IV contrast limits its applicability. MRA Abdomen and Pelvis There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRA abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast in the evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration. MRA may be indicated when there is a high suspicion of a renovascular cause of AKI/CKD, such as renal artery stenosis, thrombosis, or arterial injury after trauma, all of which are rare [4,17]. Unenhanced MRA techniques, such as time-spatial labeling inversion pulse or steady-state free precession, have a sensitivity of 73% to 100%, specificity of 82% to 99%, and negative predictive value of 88% to 100% in the diagnosis of >50% renal artery stenosis [19,20]. Renal Failure There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRA abdomen without IV contrast in the evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration. For contrast-enhanced MRA, a group II contrast agent should be used [9]. For the detection of >60% renal artery stenosis, an contrast-enhanced MRA has a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 93% compared with 85% and 84%, respectively, for Doppler US [18]. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis Unenhanced MRI of the abdomen and pelvis may be used to evaluate extent and cause of suspected urinary tract obstruction. However, there is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis in the initial evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration. MRI Abdomen There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI abdomen without and with IV contrast in the initial evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration. MRI performed without IV contrast can be used for further characterization of the cause and level of obstruction and for evaluation of some renal morphologic abnormalities.
Renal Failure. There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CTA abdomen and pelvis in the evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration. CT Urography There is no relevant literature regarding the use of CTU in the evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration and the requirement for IV contrast limits its applicability. MRA Abdomen and Pelvis There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRA abdomen and pelvis without and with IV contrast in the evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration. MRA may be indicated when there is a high suspicion of a renovascular cause of AKI/CKD, such as renal artery stenosis, thrombosis, or arterial injury after trauma, all of which are rare [4,17]. Unenhanced MRA techniques, such as time-spatial labeling inversion pulse or steady-state free precession, have a sensitivity of 73% to 100%, specificity of 82% to 99%, and negative predictive value of 88% to 100% in the diagnosis of >50% renal artery stenosis [19,20]. Renal Failure There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRA abdomen without IV contrast in the evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration. For contrast-enhanced MRA, a group II contrast agent should be used [9]. For the detection of >60% renal artery stenosis, an contrast-enhanced MRA has a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 93% compared with 85% and 84%, respectively, for Doppler US [18]. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis Unenhanced MRI of the abdomen and pelvis may be used to evaluate extent and cause of suspected urinary tract obstruction. However, there is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis in the initial evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration. MRI Abdomen There is no relevant literature regarding the use of MRI abdomen without and with IV contrast in the initial evaluation of renal failure of unknown duration. MRI performed without IV contrast can be used for further characterization of the cause and level of obstruction and for evaluation of some renal morphologic abnormalities.