The presence of ossific fragments can indicate ligamentous injury or retinaculum avulsion [20], whereas periostitis can occur adjacent to tenosynovitis. Radiographs can also identify synovial osteochondromatosis and erosions from chronic synovitis. CT CT is not routinely used as the first study for the evaluation of chronic ankle pain. MRI MRI MRI is not routinely used as the first study for the evaluation of chronic ankle pain. US US US is not routinely used as the first study for the evaluation of chronic ankle pain. Bone Scan Bone scan is not routinely used as the first study for the evaluation of chronic ankle pain. Variant 2: Chronic ankle pain. Multiple sites of degenerative joint disease in the hindfoot detected by ankle radiographs. Next study. When multiple sites of osteoarthritis are present, it may be important to determine which joint is the cause of symptoms. Image-guided Anesthetic Injection Several reports have indicated the effectiveness of fluoroscopic, CT, or US-guided anesthetic [11] with or without corticosteroid injection of joints to identify a source of pain, which aids in surgical planning [21-25]. MRI When degenerative changes of the ankle joint are diagnosed based on radiographs, MRI may be considered as the next best examination to evaluate cartilage integrity, bone marrow, and associated soft tissues, such as ligaments and tendons, if these injuries are clinically suspected [13-15]. CT CT CT without contrast may be helpful to visualize subchondral cysts [5]. US US is not routinely used for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease. Bone Scan Bone scan is not routinely used for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease. Arthrography Arthrography is not routinely used for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease. MR Arthrography MR arthrography is not routinely used for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease. CT Arthrography CT arthrography is not routinely used for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease. Variant 3: Chronic ankle pain.
Chronic Ankle Pain. The presence of ossific fragments can indicate ligamentous injury or retinaculum avulsion [20], whereas periostitis can occur adjacent to tenosynovitis. Radiographs can also identify synovial osteochondromatosis and erosions from chronic synovitis. CT CT is not routinely used as the first study for the evaluation of chronic ankle pain. MRI MRI MRI is not routinely used as the first study for the evaluation of chronic ankle pain. US US US is not routinely used as the first study for the evaluation of chronic ankle pain. Bone Scan Bone scan is not routinely used as the first study for the evaluation of chronic ankle pain. Variant 2: Chronic ankle pain. Multiple sites of degenerative joint disease in the hindfoot detected by ankle radiographs. Next study. When multiple sites of osteoarthritis are present, it may be important to determine which joint is the cause of symptoms. Image-guided Anesthetic Injection Several reports have indicated the effectiveness of fluoroscopic, CT, or US-guided anesthetic [11] with or without corticosteroid injection of joints to identify a source of pain, which aids in surgical planning [21-25]. MRI When degenerative changes of the ankle joint are diagnosed based on radiographs, MRI may be considered as the next best examination to evaluate cartilage integrity, bone marrow, and associated soft tissues, such as ligaments and tendons, if these injuries are clinically suspected [13-15]. CT CT CT without contrast may be helpful to visualize subchondral cysts [5]. US US is not routinely used for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease. Bone Scan Bone scan is not routinely used for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease. Arthrography Arthrography is not routinely used for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease. MR Arthrography MR arthrography is not routinely used for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease. CT Arthrography CT arthrography is not routinely used for the evaluation of degenerative joint disease. Variant 3: Chronic ankle pain.