CT Abdomen and Pelvis Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast in the evaluation of a child with established VUR for follow-up imaging. CTU Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CTU in the evaluation of a child with established VUR for follow-up imaging. DMSA Renal Scan Approximately one-fifth of children may have renal damage after UTI, with significant risk for deterioration [85]. DMSA may be considered for follow-up of children with VUR to detect new renal scarring, especially after a febrile UTI or when renal US is abnormal [61]. Fluoroscopy Voiding Cystourethrography VCUG is recommended by the American Urological Association between 12 and 24 months after UTI with longer intervals between follow-up studies in patients in whom evidence supports lower rates of spontaneous resolution (ie, those with higher grades of VUR [grades III-V], bladder/bowel dysfunction, and older age) [61]. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast in the evaluation of a child with established VUR for follow-up imaging. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast in the evaluation of a child with established VUR for follow-up imaging. MRU Without and With IV Contrast MRU has been suggested as a safer alternative to scintigraphy in children with VUR, particularly those who require follow-up imaging [86,87]. This is pertinent for follow-up imaging of VUR causing renal scarring.
Urinary Tract Infection Child. CT Abdomen and Pelvis Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CT abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast in the evaluation of a child with established VUR for follow-up imaging. CTU Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of CTU in the evaluation of a child with established VUR for follow-up imaging. DMSA Renal Scan Approximately one-fifth of children may have renal damage after UTI, with significant risk for deterioration [85]. DMSA may be considered for follow-up of children with VUR to detect new renal scarring, especially after a febrile UTI or when renal US is abnormal [61]. Fluoroscopy Voiding Cystourethrography VCUG is recommended by the American Urological Association between 12 and 24 months after UTI with longer intervals between follow-up studies in patients in whom evidence supports lower rates of spontaneous resolution (ie, those with higher grades of VUR [grades III-V], bladder/bowel dysfunction, and older age) [61]. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast in the evaluation of a child with established VUR for follow-up imaging. MRI Abdomen and Pelvis Without IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRI abdomen and pelvis without IV contrast in the evaluation of a child with established VUR for follow-up imaging. MRU Without and With IV Contrast MRU has been suggested as a safer alternative to scintigraphy in children with VUR, particularly those who require follow-up imaging [86,87]. This is pertinent for follow-up imaging of VUR causing renal scarring.