Arteriography Pulmonary Cardiac catheterization for pulmonary angiography can be performed when pulmonary artery stenosis is detected on echocardiography or MRI and pulmonary artery angioplasty is indicated [52]. CT Heart Function and Morphology CT heart function and morphology is indicated when MRI is limited by the presence of significant metallic susceptibility artifact obscuring the heart or due to the presence of MR-incompatible pacemakers/devices. CTA Chest CTA is useful for assessment of anatomy after stage 3 repair. Anatomic considerations include the presence of thrombus in the circuit, the patency of the extracardiac conduit, stenoses within the caval veins and pulmonary arteries, and the size and location of aortopulmonary collaterals and venovenous collaterals [52,53]. After Fontan surgery, imaging of coronaries, systemic arteries, and Fontan circuit require different timing and dose considerations, and dedicated contrast injection and scanning protocols designed for the Fontan circulation are needed to optimize the study [48]. CTA Coronary Arteries CTA of the coronary arteries is useful and allows for high spatial resolution evaluation of coronary artery anatomy in patients after stage 3 repair [52]. FDG-PET/CT Heart There is no role for routine performance of FDG-PET imaging after stage 3 palliation in single ventricle. FDG- PET/CT of the heart can be performed in the setting of changes of clinical status that might indicate underlying cardiac dysfunction. MRA Abdomen There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRA abdomen after stage 3 repair. MRA Chest MRA chest can provide accurate anatomic characterization of stage 3 repair. Anatomic considerations include the presence of thrombus in the circuit, the patency of the extracardiac conduit, stenoses within the caval veins and pulmonary arteries, and the size and location of aortopulmonary collaterals and venovenous collaterals [52,53].
Congenital or Acquired Heart Disease. Arteriography Pulmonary Cardiac catheterization for pulmonary angiography can be performed when pulmonary artery stenosis is detected on echocardiography or MRI and pulmonary artery angioplasty is indicated [52]. CT Heart Function and Morphology CT heart function and morphology is indicated when MRI is limited by the presence of significant metallic susceptibility artifact obscuring the heart or due to the presence of MR-incompatible pacemakers/devices. CTA Chest CTA is useful for assessment of anatomy after stage 3 repair. Anatomic considerations include the presence of thrombus in the circuit, the patency of the extracardiac conduit, stenoses within the caval veins and pulmonary arteries, and the size and location of aortopulmonary collaterals and venovenous collaterals [52,53]. After Fontan surgery, imaging of coronaries, systemic arteries, and Fontan circuit require different timing and dose considerations, and dedicated contrast injection and scanning protocols designed for the Fontan circulation are needed to optimize the study [48]. CTA Coronary Arteries CTA of the coronary arteries is useful and allows for high spatial resolution evaluation of coronary artery anatomy in patients after stage 3 repair [52]. FDG-PET/CT Heart There is no role for routine performance of FDG-PET imaging after stage 3 palliation in single ventricle. FDG- PET/CT of the heart can be performed in the setting of changes of clinical status that might indicate underlying cardiac dysfunction. MRA Abdomen There is no relevant literature to support the use of MRA abdomen after stage 3 repair. MRA Chest MRA chest can provide accurate anatomic characterization of stage 3 repair. Anatomic considerations include the presence of thrombus in the circuit, the patency of the extracardiac conduit, stenoses within the caval veins and pulmonary arteries, and the size and location of aortopulmonary collaterals and venovenous collaterals [52,53].