US Echocardiography Fetal The decision for the performance of fetal echocardiography, a subspecialized examination, is based on parental and fetal risk factors, as well as abnormal fetal cardiac screening examination. These risk factors include maternal genetic disease or risk, current medical conditions, and chemical exposures, as well as fetal factors such as known or suspected anomaly or cardiac abnormality [49-51]. US Pregnant Uterus Transabdominal Detailed Scan High-risk patients should have a detailed scan, which is an indication-driven examination performed for a known or suspected fetal anatomic abnormality, known fetal growth disorder, genetic abnormality, or increased risk for a fetal anatomic or genetic abnormality [33,52]. Second and Third Trimester Screening for Fetal Anomaly US Pregnant Uterus Transabdominal Anatomy Scan There is no relevant literature to support the use of US pregnant uterus transabdominal anatomy scan for the second and third trimester screening for fetal anomaly in high-risk patients [33]. However, if the chorionic villous sampling, amniocentesis, or NIPT are normal, then the risk is diminished and a routine scan could be performed [8]. Variant 3: Second and third trimester screening for abnormal finding on ultrasound: soft markers. Next imaging study. Soft markers are minor sonographic findings that have little or no pathologic significance, but may be associated with aneuploidy, most commonly trisomies 21 and 18, and other syndromes or pathologies. Soft markers have been used to recalculate the age-related trisomy risk and decrease the need for invasive testing when identified on the anatomy US examination [8,53,54]. MRI Fetal Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of fetal MRI with and without IV contrast in the evaluation of fetuses with soft markers.
Second and Third Trimester Screening for Fetal Anomaly. US Echocardiography Fetal The decision for the performance of fetal echocardiography, a subspecialized examination, is based on parental and fetal risk factors, as well as abnormal fetal cardiac screening examination. These risk factors include maternal genetic disease or risk, current medical conditions, and chemical exposures, as well as fetal factors such as known or suspected anomaly or cardiac abnormality [49-51]. US Pregnant Uterus Transabdominal Detailed Scan High-risk patients should have a detailed scan, which is an indication-driven examination performed for a known or suspected fetal anatomic abnormality, known fetal growth disorder, genetic abnormality, or increased risk for a fetal anatomic or genetic abnormality [33,52]. Second and Third Trimester Screening for Fetal Anomaly US Pregnant Uterus Transabdominal Anatomy Scan There is no relevant literature to support the use of US pregnant uterus transabdominal anatomy scan for the second and third trimester screening for fetal anomaly in high-risk patients [33]. However, if the chorionic villous sampling, amniocentesis, or NIPT are normal, then the risk is diminished and a routine scan could be performed [8]. Variant 3: Second and third trimester screening for abnormal finding on ultrasound: soft markers. Next imaging study. Soft markers are minor sonographic findings that have little or no pathologic significance, but may be associated with aneuploidy, most commonly trisomies 21 and 18, and other syndromes or pathologies. Soft markers have been used to recalculate the age-related trisomy risk and decrease the need for invasive testing when identified on the anatomy US examination [8,53,54]. MRI Fetal Without and With IV Contrast There is no relevant literature to support the use of fetal MRI with and without IV contrast in the evaluation of fetuses with soft markers.