MRI Area of Interest Without IV Contrast MRI area of interest without IV contrast as the initial imaging modality for vascular lesion such as tumor or malformation may be helpful as the initial imaging examination and may be performed contemporaneously with US to investigate a soft tissue mass or skin discoloration. MRI without IV contrast typically shows a lobulated and often infiltrative soft tissue mass with T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense signal, variable vascular flow voids, and possibly phleboliths, depending upon the type of lesion. The lack of contrast will limit the ability to characterize the type of vessel and characterization of flow through the lesion (high- versus low-flow) and, therefore, the type of VM being evaluated. The addition of IV contrast and possibly MRA may be beneficial to making a more definitive, accurate characterization of the lesion and eventually the diagnosis [31]. Radiography Area of Interest There is no relevant literature to support the use of radiography area of interest as the initial imaging modality for vascular lesions such as tumor or malformation [35]. Radiographs may reveal calcifications within a soft tissue mass, indicating the diagnosis of VM, but is not typically the initial imaging study when a VA is suspected. Phleboliths occur at the site of microshunts in VMs. US Area of Interest US may be used to distinguish characteristic features of VTs and to differentiate between low-flow and fast-flow VMs. Aside from infantile hemangioma, VTs reveal well-defined solid tissue components with variable echotexture [21]. Venous VMs can be partially characterized with grayscale US, and certain features such as multiple anechoic spaces, echogenic phleboliths, and expanded soft tissue spaces that are compressible (muscle, subcutaneous fat, dermis layers) can be diagnostic.
Soft Tissue Vascular Anomalies Vascular Malformations and Infantile Vascular Tumors Non CNS Child. MRI Area of Interest Without IV Contrast MRI area of interest without IV contrast as the initial imaging modality for vascular lesion such as tumor or malformation may be helpful as the initial imaging examination and may be performed contemporaneously with US to investigate a soft tissue mass or skin discoloration. MRI without IV contrast typically shows a lobulated and often infiltrative soft tissue mass with T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense signal, variable vascular flow voids, and possibly phleboliths, depending upon the type of lesion. The lack of contrast will limit the ability to characterize the type of vessel and characterization of flow through the lesion (high- versus low-flow) and, therefore, the type of VM being evaluated. The addition of IV contrast and possibly MRA may be beneficial to making a more definitive, accurate characterization of the lesion and eventually the diagnosis [31]. Radiography Area of Interest There is no relevant literature to support the use of radiography area of interest as the initial imaging modality for vascular lesions such as tumor or malformation [35]. Radiographs may reveal calcifications within a soft tissue mass, indicating the diagnosis of VM, but is not typically the initial imaging study when a VA is suspected. Phleboliths occur at the site of microshunts in VMs. US Area of Interest US may be used to distinguish characteristic features of VTs and to differentiate between low-flow and fast-flow VMs. Aside from infantile hemangioma, VTs reveal well-defined solid tissue components with variable echotexture [21]. Venous VMs can be partially characterized with grayscale US, and certain features such as multiple anechoic spaces, echogenic phleboliths, and expanded soft tissue spaces that are compressible (muscle, subcutaneous fat, dermis layers) can be diagnostic.