{"arc_id": "Mercury_417466", "question": "Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.", "Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.", "Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.", "The producers in all ecosystems are plants."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?\nA. Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.\nB. Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.\nC. Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.\nD. The producers in all ecosystems are plants.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.", "The producers in all ecosystems are plants.", "Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.", "Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?\nA. Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.\nB. The producers in all ecosystems are plants.\nC. Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.\nD. Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.", "Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.", "Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.", "The producers in all ecosystems are plants."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?\n1. Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.\n2. Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.\n3. Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.\n4. The producers in all ecosystems are plants.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.", "Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.", "Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.", "The producers in all ecosystems are plants."], "label": ["R", "V", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?\nR. Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.\nV. Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.\nC. Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.\nY. The producers in all ecosystems are plants.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.", "The producers in all ecosystems are plants.", "Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.", "Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water."], "label": ["R", "V", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why photosynthesis is the foundation of most food webs?\nR. Carbon dioxide is more available than other gases.\nV. The producers in all ecosystems are plants.\nC. Sunlight is the source of energy for nearly all ecosystems.\nY. Most ecosystems are found on land instead of in water.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2821}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7081673", "question": "Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?", "choices": {"text": ["safety goggles", "breathing mask", "rubber gloves", "lead apron"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?\nA. safety goggles\nB. breathing mask\nC. rubber gloves\nD. lead apron\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing mask", "lead apron", "safety goggles", "rubber gloves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?\nA. breathing mask\nB. lead apron\nC. safety goggles\nD. rubber gloves\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?", "choices": {"text": ["safety goggles", "breathing mask", "rubber gloves", "lead apron"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?\n1. safety goggles\n2. breathing mask\n3. rubber gloves\n4. lead apron\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?", "choices": {"text": ["safety goggles", "breathing mask", "rubber gloves", "lead apron"], "label": ["E", "S", "A", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?\nE. safety goggles\nS. breathing mask\nA. rubber gloves\nZ. lead apron\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing mask", "lead apron", "safety goggles", "rubber gloves"], "label": ["E", "S", "A", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which piece of safety equipment is used to keep mold spores from entering the respiratory system?\nE. breathing mask\nS. lead apron\nA. safety goggles\nZ. rubber gloves\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2822}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7239733", "question": "Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["brain cells", "bone cells", "muscle cells", "ovary cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?\nA. brain cells\nB. bone cells\nC. muscle cells\nD. ovary cells\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["ovary cells", "bone cells", "brain cells", "muscle cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?\nA. ovary cells\nB. bone cells\nC. brain cells\nD. muscle cells\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["brain cells", "bone cells", "muscle cells", "ovary cells"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?\n1. brain cells\n2. bone cells\n3. muscle cells\n4. ovary cells\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["brain cells", "bone cells", "muscle cells", "ovary cells"], "label": ["Z", "X", "R", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?\nZ. brain cells\nX. bone cells\nR. muscle cells\nU. ovary cells\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["ovary cells", "bone cells", "brain cells", "muscle cells"], "label": ["Z", "X", "R", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meiosis is a type of cell division in which germ cells divide to produce haploid cells. Where does meiosis occur?\nZ. ovary cells\nX. bone cells\nR. brain cells\nU. muscle cells\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2823}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_8", "question": "Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?", "choices": {"text": ["gray", "warm", "long", "soft"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?\nA. gray\nB. warm\nC. long\nD. soft\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?", "choices": {"text": ["gray", "soft", "long", "warm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?\nA. gray\nB. soft\nC. long\nD. warm\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?", "choices": {"text": ["gray", "warm", "long", "soft"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?\n1. gray\n2. warm\n3. long\n4. soft\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?", "choices": {"text": ["gray", "warm", "long", "soft"], "label": ["B", "D", "M", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?\nB. gray\nD. warm\nM. long\nR. soft\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?", "choices": {"text": ["gray", "soft", "long", "warm"], "label": ["B", "D", "M", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic describes the texture of a kitten's fur?\nB. gray\nD. soft\nM. long\nR. warm\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2824}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7037258", "question": "Which best describes the structure of an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles", "a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles", "a network of interacting positive and negative particles", "overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the structure of an atom?\nA. a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles\nB. a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles\nC. a network of interacting positive and negative particles\nD. overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the structure of an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["a network of interacting positive and negative particles", "overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles", "a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles", "a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the structure of an atom?\nA. a network of interacting positive and negative particles\nB. overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles\nC. a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles\nD. a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the structure of an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles", "a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles", "a network of interacting positive and negative particles", "overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the structure of an atom?\n1. a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles\n2. a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles\n3. a network of interacting positive and negative particles\n4. overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the structure of an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles", "a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles", "a network of interacting positive and negative particles", "overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles"], "label": ["V", "B", "D", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the structure of an atom?\nV. a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles\nB. a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles\nD. a network of interacting positive and negative particles\nX. overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the structure of an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["a network of interacting positive and negative particles", "overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles", "a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles", "a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles"], "label": ["V", "B", "D", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the structure of an atom?\nV. a network of interacting positive and negative particles\nB. overlapping layers of neutral, positive, and negative particles\nD. a massive core surrounded by negatively-charged particles\nX. a lightweight core surrounded by neutral particles\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2825}
{"arc_id": "CSZ20679", "question": "To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the", "choices": {"text": ["meter.", "kilometer.", "light-year.", "astronomical unit."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the\nA. meter.\nB. kilometer.\nC. light-year.\nD. astronomical unit.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the", "choices": {"text": ["astronomical unit.", "kilometer.", "meter.", "light-year."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the\nA. astronomical unit.\nB. kilometer.\nC. meter.\nD. light-year.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the", "choices": {"text": ["meter.", "kilometer.", "light-year.", "astronomical unit."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the\n1. meter.\n2. kilometer.\n3. light-year.\n4. astronomical unit.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the", "choices": {"text": ["meter.", "kilometer.", "light-year.", "astronomical unit."], "label": ["E", "M", "T", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the\nE. meter.\nM. kilometer.\nT. light-year.\nL. astronomical unit.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the", "choices": {"text": ["astronomical unit.", "kilometer.", "meter.", "light-year."], "label": ["E", "M", "T", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the\nE. astronomical unit.\nM. kilometer.\nT. meter.\nL. light-year.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2826}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_182158", "question": "A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands", "turn off all equipment", "put away all glassware", "wash instruments and table tops"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?\nA. wash hands\nB. turn off all equipment\nC. put away all glassware\nD. wash instruments and table tops\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?", "choices": {"text": ["put away all glassware", "turn off all equipment", "wash hands", "wash instruments and table tops"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?\nA. put away all glassware\nB. turn off all equipment\nC. wash hands\nD. wash instruments and table tops\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands", "turn off all equipment", "put away all glassware", "wash instruments and table tops"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?\n1. wash hands\n2. turn off all equipment\n3. put away all glassware\n4. wash instruments and table tops\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands", "turn off all equipment", "put away all glassware", "wash instruments and table tops"], "label": ["T", "K", "N", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?\nT. wash hands\nK. turn off all equipment\nN. put away all glassware\nP. wash instruments and table tops\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?", "choices": {"text": ["put away all glassware", "turn off all equipment", "wash hands", "wash instruments and table tops"], "label": ["T", "K", "N", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student has just completed a laboratory activity. What is the last action that the student should perform before leaving the lab area?\nT. put away all glassware\nK. turn off all equipment\nN. wash hands\nP. wash instruments and table tops\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2827}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7216668", "question": "Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?", "choices": {"text": ["meters", "centimeters", "grams", "milligrams"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?\nA. meters\nB. centimeters\nC. grams\nD. milligrams\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?", "choices": {"text": ["meters", "grams", "centimeters", "milligrams"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?\nA. meters\nB. grams\nC. centimeters\nD. milligrams\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?", "choices": {"text": ["meters", "centimeters", "grams", "milligrams"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?\n1. meters\n2. centimeters\n3. grams\n4. milligrams\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?", "choices": {"text": ["meters", "centimeters", "grams", "milligrams"], "label": ["S", "B", "W", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?\nS. meters\nB. centimeters\nW. grams\nA. milligrams\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?", "choices": {"text": ["meters", "grams", "centimeters", "milligrams"], "label": ["S", "B", "W", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are investigating the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth. Which units would be best to measure the mass of the fertilizer used?\nS. meters\nB. grams\nW. centimeters\nA. milligrams\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2828}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2001_5_19", "question": "Plants use sunlight to make", "choices": {"text": ["soil.", "minerals.", "food.", "water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use sunlight to make\nA. soil.\nB. minerals.\nC. food.\nD. water.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use sunlight to make", "choices": {"text": ["food.", "soil.", "water.", "minerals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use sunlight to make\nA. food.\nB. soil.\nC. water.\nD. minerals.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use sunlight to make", "choices": {"text": ["soil.", "minerals.", "food.", "water."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use sunlight to make\n1. soil.\n2. minerals.\n3. food.\n4. water.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use sunlight to make", "choices": {"text": ["soil.", "minerals.", "food.", "water."], "label": ["T", "R", "V", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use sunlight to make\nT. soil.\nR. minerals.\nV. food.\nY. water.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use sunlight to make", "choices": {"text": ["food.", "soil.", "water.", "minerals."], "label": ["T", "R", "V", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use sunlight to make\nT. food.\nR. soil.\nV. water.\nY. minerals.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2829}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_413631", "question": "Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.", "Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.", "Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.", "Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?\nA. Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.\nB. Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.\nC. Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.\nD. Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems.", "Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.", "Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.", "Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?\nA. Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems.\nB. Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.\nC. Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.\nD. Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.", "Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.", "Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.", "Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?\n1. Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.\n2. Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.\n3. Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.\n4. Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.", "Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.", "Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.", "Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems."], "label": ["G", "B", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?\nG. Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.\nB. Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.\nN. Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.\nJ. Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems.", "Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.", "Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.", "Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves."], "label": ["G", "B", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these correctly identifies the way materials are transported in a plant?\nG. Phloem carries water from the flowers to the stems.\nB. Phloem carries minerals from the roots to the leaves.\nN. Xylem carries sugars from the flowers to the stems.\nJ. Xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2830}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_5_10", "question": "When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?", "choices": {"text": ["Rainfall increases.", "Sunlight is reduced.", "Wind speed increases.", "Animal migration is stopped."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?\nA. Rainfall increases.\nB. Sunlight is reduced.\nC. Wind speed increases.\nD. Animal migration is stopped.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight is reduced.", "Wind speed increases.", "Animal migration is stopped.", "Rainfall increases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?\nA. Sunlight is reduced.\nB. Wind speed increases.\nC. Animal migration is stopped.\nD. Rainfall increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?", "choices": {"text": ["Rainfall increases.", "Sunlight is reduced.", "Wind speed increases.", "Animal migration is stopped."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?\n1. Rainfall increases.\n2. Sunlight is reduced.\n3. Wind speed increases.\n4. Animal migration is stopped.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?", "choices": {"text": ["Rainfall increases.", "Sunlight is reduced.", "Wind speed increases.", "Animal migration is stopped."], "label": ["C", "K", "G", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?\nC. Rainfall increases.\nK. Sunlight is reduced.\nG. Wind speed increases.\nU. Animal migration is stopped.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight is reduced.", "Wind speed increases.", "Animal migration is stopped.", "Rainfall increases."], "label": ["C", "K", "G", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: When trees develop leaves in the spring, 10 changes occur on the forest floor. Why does the development of leaves cause changes on the forest floor?\nC. Sunlight is reduced.\nK. Wind speed increases.\nG. Animal migration is stopped.\nU. Rainfall increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2831}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7166145", "question": "The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?", "choices": {"text": ["taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body", "releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body", "absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body", "collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?\nA. taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body\nB. releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body\nC. absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body\nD. collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?", "choices": {"text": ["releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body", "absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body", "collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body", "taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?\nA. releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body\nB. absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body\nC. collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body\nD. taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?", "choices": {"text": ["taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body", "releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body", "absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body", "collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?\n1. taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body\n2. releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body\n3. absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body\n4. collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?", "choices": {"text": ["taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body", "releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body", "absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body", "collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body"], "label": ["E", "A", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?\nE. taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body\nA. releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body\nW. absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body\nQ. collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?", "choices": {"text": ["releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body", "absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body", "collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body", "taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body"], "label": ["E", "A", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The circulatory system and the endocrine system work together in the human body. Which describes one way in which these systems interact?\nE. releasing hormones and transporting them to cells of the body\nA. absorbing nutrients from food and transporting them to cells in the body\nW. collecting waste products from the cells and transporting it out of the body\nQ. taking in oxygen and transporting it to cells of the body\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2832}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2013_5_6", "question": "A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "gravity", "magnetism", "tension"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?\nA. electricity\nB. gravity\nC. magnetism\nD. tension\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "tension", "electricity", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?\nA. magnetism\nB. tension\nC. electricity\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "gravity", "magnetism", "tension"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?\n1. electricity\n2. gravity\n3. magnetism\n4. tension\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "gravity", "magnetism", "tension"], "label": ["U", "R", "Q", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?\nU. electricity\nR. gravity\nQ. magnetism\nD. tension\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "tension", "electricity", "gravity"], "label": ["U", "R", "Q", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student throws a ball into the air. While the ball travels up, the speed of the ball decreases. What force causes the ball to slow while traveling up?\nU. magnetism\nR. tension\nQ. electricity\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2833}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405199", "question": "Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?", "choices": {"text": ["planting trees", "water pollution", "rainfall", "sunlight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?\nA. planting trees\nB. water pollution\nC. rainfall\nD. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?", "choices": {"text": ["water pollution", "rainfall", "sunlight", "planting trees"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?\nA. water pollution\nB. rainfall\nC. sunlight\nD. planting trees\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?", "choices": {"text": ["planting trees", "water pollution", "rainfall", "sunlight"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?\n1. planting trees\n2. water pollution\n3. rainfall\n4. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?", "choices": {"text": ["planting trees", "water pollution", "rainfall", "sunlight"], "label": ["E", "K", "H", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?\nE. planting trees\nK. water pollution\nH. rainfall\nB. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?", "choices": {"text": ["water pollution", "rainfall", "sunlight", "planting trees"], "label": ["E", "K", "H", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these will most likely harm a habitat?\nE. water pollution\nK. rainfall\nH. sunlight\nB. planting trees\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2834}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_28", "question": "All living and nonliving material is composed of", "choices": {"text": ["air", "elements", "water", "soil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living and nonliving material is composed of\nA. air\nB. elements\nC. water\nD. soil\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All living and nonliving material is composed of", "choices": {"text": ["soil", "air", "elements", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living and nonliving material is composed of\nA. soil\nB. air\nC. elements\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All living and nonliving material is composed of", "choices": {"text": ["air", "elements", "water", "soil"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living and nonliving material is composed of\n1. air\n2. elements\n3. water\n4. soil\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All living and nonliving material is composed of", "choices": {"text": ["air", "elements", "water", "soil"], "label": ["W", "A", "P", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living and nonliving material is composed of\nW. air\nA. elements\nP. water\nQ. soil\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All living and nonliving material is composed of", "choices": {"text": ["soil", "air", "elements", "water"], "label": ["W", "A", "P", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living and nonliving material is composed of\nW. soil\nA. air\nP. elements\nQ. water\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2835}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401777", "question": "Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?", "choices": {"text": ["folding", "erosion", "deposition", "sedimentation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?\nA. folding\nB. erosion\nC. deposition\nD. sedimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?", "choices": {"text": ["sedimentation", "deposition", "erosion", "folding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?\nA. sedimentation\nB. deposition\nC. erosion\nD. folding\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?", "choices": {"text": ["folding", "erosion", "deposition", "sedimentation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?\n1. folding\n2. erosion\n3. deposition\n4. sedimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?", "choices": {"text": ["folding", "erosion", "deposition", "sedimentation"], "label": ["Q", "M", "G", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?\nQ. folding\nM. erosion\nG. deposition\nR. sedimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?", "choices": {"text": ["sedimentation", "deposition", "erosion", "folding"], "label": ["Q", "M", "G", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process best explains how the Grand Canyon became so wide?\nQ. sedimentation\nM. deposition\nG. erosion\nR. folding\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2836}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7198188", "question": "As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?", "choices": {"text": ["birds that eat fish from shallow waters", "fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters", "mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters", "crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?\nA. birds that eat fish from shallow waters\nB. fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters\nC. mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters\nD. crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?", "choices": {"text": ["crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters", "birds that eat fish from shallow waters", "fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters", "mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?\nA. crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters\nB. birds that eat fish from shallow waters\nC. fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters\nD. mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?", "choices": {"text": ["birds that eat fish from shallow waters", "fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters", "mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters", "crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?\n1. birds that eat fish from shallow waters\n2. fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters\n3. mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters\n4. crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?", "choices": {"text": ["birds that eat fish from shallow waters", "fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters", "mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters", "crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters"], "label": ["S", "E", "Q", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?\nS. birds that eat fish from shallow waters\nE. fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters\nQ. mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters\nN. crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?", "choices": {"text": ["crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters", "birds that eat fish from shallow waters", "fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters", "mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters"], "label": ["S", "E", "Q", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: As global temperatures increase, certain organisms will be more affected than others. The changes associated with global warming may result in an increase in sea level. Which organisms will be affected most as a result of the change in sea level?\nS. crustaceans at the bottom of deep sea ocean waters\nE. birds that eat fish from shallow waters\nQ. fish that live in coral reefs in shallow waters\nN. mammals that swim in cold, deep ocean waters\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2837}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1998_4_11", "question": "A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is", "choices": {"text": ["some of the water was absorbed by the dish.", "the air condensed.", "the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.", "the water evaporated."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is\nA. some of the water was absorbed by the dish.\nB. the air condensed.\nC. the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.\nD. the water evaporated.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is", "choices": {"text": ["the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.", "the water evaporated.", "some of the water was absorbed by the dish.", "the air condensed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is\nA. the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.\nB. the water evaporated.\nC. some of the water was absorbed by the dish.\nD. the air condensed.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is", "choices": {"text": ["some of the water was absorbed by the dish.", "the air condensed.", "the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.", "the water evaporated."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is\n1. some of the water was absorbed by the dish.\n2. the air condensed.\n3. the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.\n4. the water evaporated.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is", "choices": {"text": ["some of the water was absorbed by the dish.", "the air condensed.", "the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.", "the water evaporated."], "label": ["B", "F", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is\nB. some of the water was absorbed by the dish.\nF. the air condensed.\nN. the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.\nK. the water evaporated.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is", "choices": {"text": ["the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.", "the water evaporated.", "some of the water was absorbed by the dish.", "the air condensed."], "label": ["B", "F", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dish of sugar water was left on a window sill. One week later, there were only sugar crystals left in the dish. The water was gone. The best explanation for the appearance of sugar crystals is\nB. the light shining on the window sill produced more sugar.\nF. the water evaporated.\nN. some of the water was absorbed by the dish.\nK. the air condensed.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2838}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10784", "question": "Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?", "choices": {"text": ["pulley", "lever", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?\nA. pulley\nB. lever\nC. inclined plane\nD. wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?", "choices": {"text": ["lever", "pulley", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?\nA. lever\nB. pulley\nC. inclined plane\nD. wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?", "choices": {"text": ["pulley", "lever", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?\n1. pulley\n2. lever\n3. inclined plane\n4. wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?", "choices": {"text": ["pulley", "lever", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle"], "label": ["A", "I", "X", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?\nA. pulley\nI. lever\nX. inclined plane\nN. wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?", "choices": {"text": ["lever", "pulley", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle"], "label": ["A", "I", "X", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Using a softball bat to hit a softball is an example of using which simple machine?\nA. lever\nI. pulley\nX. inclined plane\nN. wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2839}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7033548", "question": "When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will", "choices": {"text": ["erode.", "foliate.", "precipitate.", "recrystallize."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will\nA. erode.\nB. foliate.\nC. precipitate.\nD. recrystallize.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will", "choices": {"text": ["recrystallize.", "erode.", "foliate.", "precipitate."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will\nA. recrystallize.\nB. erode.\nC. foliate.\nD. precipitate.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will", "choices": {"text": ["erode.", "foliate.", "precipitate.", "recrystallize."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will\n1. erode.\n2. foliate.\n3. precipitate.\n4. recrystallize.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will", "choices": {"text": ["erode.", "foliate.", "precipitate.", "recrystallize."], "label": ["A", "C", "K", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will\nA. erode.\nC. foliate.\nK. precipitate.\nJ. recrystallize.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will", "choices": {"text": ["recrystallize.", "erode.", "foliate.", "precipitate."], "label": ["A", "C", "K", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an igneous intrusion comes into contact with surrounding rock, the surrounding rock will\nA. recrystallize.\nC. erode.\nK. foliate.\nJ. precipitate.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2840}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7146195", "question": "A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?", "choices": {"text": ["Primary Succession", "Stable Communities", "Climax Communities", "Secondary Succession"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?\nA. Primary Succession\nB. Stable Communities\nC. Climax Communities\nD. Secondary Succession\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?", "choices": {"text": ["Primary Succession", "Secondary Succession", "Stable Communities", "Climax Communities"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?\nA. Primary Succession\nB. Secondary Succession\nC. Stable Communities\nD. Climax Communities\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?", "choices": {"text": ["Primary Succession", "Stable Communities", "Climax Communities", "Secondary Succession"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?\n1. Primary Succession\n2. Stable Communities\n3. Climax Communities\n4. Secondary Succession\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?", "choices": {"text": ["Primary Succession", "Stable Communities", "Climax Communities", "Secondary Succession"], "label": ["Y", "Q", "K", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?\nY. Primary Succession\nQ. Stable Communities\nK. Climax Communities\nJ. Secondary Succession\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?", "choices": {"text": ["Primary Succession", "Secondary Succession", "Stable Communities", "Climax Communities"], "label": ["Y", "Q", "K", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A research scientist writes a paper on the initial regrowth of a forest after a fire has damaged the entire ecosystem. Which title would be best for the paper?\nY. Primary Succession\nQ. Secondary Succession\nK. Stable Communities\nJ. Climax Communities\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2841}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_8_36", "question": "Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "soil", "air", "sunlight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?\nA. water\nB. soil\nC. air\nD. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "sunlight", "soil", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?\nA. air\nB. sunlight\nC. soil\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "soil", "air", "sunlight"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?\n1. water\n2. soil\n3. air\n4. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "soil", "air", "sunlight"], "label": ["T", "I", "Y", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?\nT. water\nI. soil\nY. air\nF. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "sunlight", "soil", "water"], "label": ["T", "I", "Y", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where do plants get most of the energy they need to live and grow?\nT. air\nI. sunlight\nY. soil\nF. water\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2842}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415412", "question": "Which is a statement about climate?", "choices": {"text": ["The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.", "The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.", "The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.", "The average high temperature in May is 20°C."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a statement about climate?\nA. The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.\nB. The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.\nC. The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.\nD. The average high temperature in May is 20°C.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a statement about climate?", "choices": {"text": ["The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.", "The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.", "The average high temperature in May is 20°C.", "The average temperature yesterday was 15°C."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a statement about climate?\nA. The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.\nB. The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.\nC. The average high temperature in May is 20°C.\nD. The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a statement about climate?", "choices": {"text": ["The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.", "The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.", "The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.", "The average high temperature in May is 20°C."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a statement about climate?\n1. The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.\n2. The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.\n3. The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.\n4. The average high temperature in May is 20°C.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a statement about climate?", "choices": {"text": ["The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.", "The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.", "The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.", "The average high temperature in May is 20°C."], "label": ["P", "H", "T", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a statement about climate?\nP. The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.\nH. The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.\nT. The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.\nG. The average high temperature in May is 20°C.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a statement about climate?", "choices": {"text": ["The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.", "The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.", "The average high temperature in May is 20°C.", "The average temperature yesterday was 15°C."], "label": ["P", "H", "T", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a statement about climate?\nP. The high temperature tomorrow will be 14°C.\nH. The temperature range today was 10°C to 20°C.\nT. The average high temperature in May is 20°C.\nG. The average temperature yesterday was 15°C.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2843}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7126840", "question": "While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "wind velocity", "kinetic energy", "potential energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?\nA. gravity\nB. wind velocity\nC. kinetic energy\nD. potential energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy", "wind velocity", "gravity", "potential energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?\nA. kinetic energy\nB. wind velocity\nC. gravity\nD. potential energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "wind velocity", "kinetic energy", "potential energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?\n1. gravity\n2. wind velocity\n3. kinetic energy\n4. potential energy\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "wind velocity", "kinetic energy", "potential energy"], "label": ["S", "M", "W", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?\nS. gravity\nM. wind velocity\nW. kinetic energy\nH. potential energy\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy", "wind velocity", "gravity", "potential energy"], "label": ["S", "M", "W", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: While on a movie set, a stuntman jumps off the roof of a building. As he falls toward an airbag, what is increasing?\nS. kinetic energy\nM. wind velocity\nW. gravity\nH. potential energy\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2844}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408362", "question": "Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?", "choices": {"text": ["binoculars", "microscope", "reading glasses", "magnifying glass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?\nA. binoculars\nB. microscope\nC. reading glasses\nD. magnifying glass\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?", "choices": {"text": ["microscope", "magnifying glass", "binoculars", "reading glasses"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?\nA. microscope\nB. magnifying glass\nC. binoculars\nD. reading glasses\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?", "choices": {"text": ["binoculars", "microscope", "reading glasses", "magnifying glass"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?\n1. binoculars\n2. microscope\n3. reading glasses\n4. magnifying glass\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?", "choices": {"text": ["binoculars", "microscope", "reading glasses", "magnifying glass"], "label": ["P", "H", "E", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?\nP. binoculars\nH. microscope\nE. reading glasses\nB. magnifying glass\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?", "choices": {"text": ["microscope", "magnifying glass", "binoculars", "reading glasses"], "label": ["P", "H", "E", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jessica wants to see cells in an oak tree leaf. Which tool is best for Jessica to use to see the cells?\nP. microscope\nH. magnifying glass\nE. binoculars\nB. reading glasses\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2845}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2008_8_35", "question": "Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation", "limiting the amount of background research before the investigation", "designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation", "obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?\nA. developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation\nB. limiting the amount of background research before the investigation\nC. designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation\nD. obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["limiting the amount of background research before the investigation", "designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation", "developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation", "obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?\nA. limiting the amount of background research before the investigation\nB. designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation\nC. developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation\nD. obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation", "limiting the amount of background research before the investigation", "designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation", "obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?\n1. developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation\n2. limiting the amount of background research before the investigation\n3. designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation\n4. obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation", "limiting the amount of background research before the investigation", "designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation", "obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation"], "label": ["I", "R", "J", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?\nI. developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation\nR. limiting the amount of background research before the investigation\nJ. designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation\nM. obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["limiting the amount of background research before the investigation", "designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation", "developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation", "obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation"], "label": ["I", "R", "J", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biologists conduct investigations to learn about living organisms. Which method helps reduce bias during an investigation?\nI. limiting the amount of background research before the investigation\nR. designing an investigation with repeated trials during the investigation\nJ. developing a hypothesis after collecting data in the investigation\nM. obtaining other opinions concerning what should happen during the investigation\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2846}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_21", "question": "Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?", "choices": {"text": ["less water", "fewer predators", "lack of shelter", "limited food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?\nA. less water\nB. fewer predators\nC. lack of shelter\nD. limited food\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?", "choices": {"text": ["fewer predators", "limited food", "less water", "lack of shelter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?\nA. fewer predators\nB. limited food\nC. less water\nD. lack of shelter\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?", "choices": {"text": ["less water", "fewer predators", "lack of shelter", "limited food"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?\n1. less water\n2. fewer predators\n3. lack of shelter\n4. limited food\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?", "choices": {"text": ["less water", "fewer predators", "lack of shelter", "limited food"], "label": ["S", "Z", "J", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?\nS. less water\nZ. fewer predators\nJ. lack of shelter\nN. limited food\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?", "choices": {"text": ["fewer predators", "limited food", "less water", "lack of shelter"], "label": ["S", "Z", "J", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor is most likely to cause the number of rabbits living in an area to increase?\nS. fewer predators\nZ. limited food\nJ. less water\nN. lack of shelter\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2847}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_5_12", "question": "Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.", "choices": {"text": ["pollen", "dormant", "flowers", "recycled"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.\nA. pollen\nB. dormant\nC. flowers\nD. recycled\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.", "choices": {"text": ["dormant", "pollen", "recycled", "flowers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.\nA. dormant\nB. pollen\nC. recycled\nD. flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.", "choices": {"text": ["pollen", "dormant", "flowers", "recycled"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.\n1. pollen\n2. dormant\n3. flowers\n4. recycled\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.", "choices": {"text": ["pollen", "dormant", "flowers", "recycled"], "label": ["C", "R", "L", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.\nC. pollen\nR. dormant\nL. flowers\nS. recycled\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.", "choices": {"text": ["dormant", "pollen", "recycled", "flowers"], "label": ["C", "R", "L", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seeds that remain inactive until the right conditions of light, water, and soil are present are called ___.\nC. dormant\nR. pollen\nL. recycled\nS. flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2848}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10680", "question": "What allows a light bulb to give off light?", "choices": {"text": ["the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What allows a light bulb to give off light?\nA. the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb\nB. the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery\nC. the light bulb generating heat energy\nD. the battery pushing light through the wire\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What allows a light bulb to give off light?", "choices": {"text": ["the battery pushing light through the wire", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What allows a light bulb to give off light?\nA. the battery pushing light through the wire\nB. the light bulb generating heat energy\nC. the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb\nD. the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What allows a light bulb to give off light?", "choices": {"text": ["the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What allows a light bulb to give off light?\n1. the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb\n2. the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery\n3. the light bulb generating heat energy\n4. the battery pushing light through the wire\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What allows a light bulb to give off light?", "choices": {"text": ["the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire"], "label": ["C", "F", "N", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: What allows a light bulb to give off light?\nC. the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb\nF. the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery\nN. the light bulb generating heat energy\nR. the battery pushing light through the wire\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What allows a light bulb to give off light?", "choices": {"text": ["the battery pushing light through the wire", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery"], "label": ["C", "F", "N", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: What allows a light bulb to give off light?\nC. the battery pushing light through the wire\nF. the light bulb generating heat energy\nN. the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb\nR. the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2849}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2003_5_3", "question": "What causes sound?", "choices": {"text": ["sunlight", "vibrations", "x-rays", "pitch"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes sound?\nA. sunlight\nB. vibrations\nC. x-rays\nD. pitch\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes sound?", "choices": {"text": ["x-rays", "sunlight", "pitch", "vibrations"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes sound?\nA. x-rays\nB. sunlight\nC. pitch\nD. vibrations\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes sound?", "choices": {"text": ["sunlight", "vibrations", "x-rays", "pitch"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes sound?\n1. sunlight\n2. vibrations\n3. x-rays\n4. pitch\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes sound?", "choices": {"text": ["sunlight", "vibrations", "x-rays", "pitch"], "label": ["U", "R", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes sound?\nU. sunlight\nR. vibrations\nC. x-rays\nD. pitch\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes sound?", "choices": {"text": ["x-rays", "sunlight", "pitch", "vibrations"], "label": ["U", "R", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes sound?\nU. x-rays\nR. sunlight\nC. pitch\nD. vibrations\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2850}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2010_5_18", "question": "Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunflower plant", "Mushroom", "Sunfish", "Luna moth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?\nA. Sunflower plant\nB. Mushroom\nC. Sunfish\nD. Luna moth\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Mushroom", "Sunflower plant", "Luna moth", "Sunfish"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?\nA. Mushroom\nB. Sunflower plant\nC. Luna moth\nD. Sunfish\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunflower plant", "Mushroom", "Sunfish", "Luna moth"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?\n1. Sunflower plant\n2. Mushroom\n3. Sunfish\n4. Luna moth\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunflower plant", "Mushroom", "Sunfish", "Luna moth"], "label": ["Z", "X", "Y", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?\nZ. Sunflower plant\nX. Mushroom\nY. Sunfish\nI. Luna moth\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Mushroom", "Sunflower plant", "Luna moth", "Sunfish"], "label": ["Z", "X", "Y", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Photosynthesis occurs in which of these organisms?\nZ. Mushroom\nX. Sunflower plant\nY. Luna moth\nI. Sunfish\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2851}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7074900", "question": "In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must", "choices": {"text": ["take in light.", "be specialized.", "take in nutrients.", "be of similar size."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must\nA. take in light.\nB. be specialized.\nC. take in nutrients.\nD. be of similar size.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must", "choices": {"text": ["take in light.", "take in nutrients.", "be of similar size.", "be specialized."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must\nA. take in light.\nB. take in nutrients.\nC. be of similar size.\nD. be specialized.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must", "choices": {"text": ["take in light.", "be specialized.", "take in nutrients.", "be of similar size."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must\n1. take in light.\n2. be specialized.\n3. take in nutrients.\n4. be of similar size.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must", "choices": {"text": ["take in light.", "be specialized.", "take in nutrients.", "be of similar size."], "label": ["W", "L", "S", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must\nW. take in light.\nL. be specialized.\nS. take in nutrients.\nZ. be of similar size.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must", "choices": {"text": ["take in light.", "take in nutrients.", "be of similar size.", "be specialized."], "label": ["W", "L", "S", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for cells to grow at a normal rate, they must\nW. take in light.\nL. take in nutrients.\nS. be of similar size.\nZ. be specialized.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2852}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408762", "question": "Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?\nA. carbon dioxide\nB. hydrogen\nC. nitrogen\nD. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen", "oxygen", "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?\nA. hydrogen\nB. oxygen\nC. nitrogen\nD. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?\n1. carbon dioxide\n2. hydrogen\n3. nitrogen\n4. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen"], "label": ["Y", "G", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?\nY. carbon dioxide\nG. hydrogen\nI. nitrogen\nU. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen", "oxygen", "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["Y", "G", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marshall learned that plants need a substance from the air to make their own food. What does a plant take from the air in the presence of sunlight?\nY. hydrogen\nG. oxygen\nI. nitrogen\nU. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2853}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2015_5_8", "question": "Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?", "choices": {"text": ["Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.", "Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.", "Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.", "Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?\nA. Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.\nB. Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.\nC. Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.\nD. Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?", "choices": {"text": ["Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.", "Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.", "Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today.", "Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?\nA. Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.\nB. Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.\nC. Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today.\nD. Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?", "choices": {"text": ["Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.", "Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.", "Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.", "Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?\n1. Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.\n2. Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.\n3. Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.\n4. Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?", "choices": {"text": ["Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.", "Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.", "Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.", "Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today."], "label": ["Z", "U", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?\nZ. Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.\nU. Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.\nE. Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.\nV. Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?", "choices": {"text": ["Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.", "Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.", "Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today.", "Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth."], "label": ["Z", "U", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Antarctica is a continent at Earth's south pole. Fossils of tropical fern plants were discovered in Antarctica even though these plants do not grow there today. Which conclusion does the fossil evidence best support?\nZ. Recently, birds stopped carrying the seeds of fern plants to Antarctica.\nU. Recently, a natural disaster killed all of the fern plants in Antarctica.\nE. Millions of years ago, Earth's south pole was much colder than it is today.\nV. Millions of years ago, Antarctica was in a warmer location on Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2854}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7263008", "question": "Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory", "The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory", "The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory", "The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?\nA. The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory\nB. The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory\nC. The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory\nD. The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory", "The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory", "The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory", "The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?\nA. The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory\nB. The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory\nC. The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory\nD. The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory", "The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory", "The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory", "The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?\n1. The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory\n2. The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory\n3. The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory\n4. The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory", "The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory", "The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory", "The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory"], "label": ["C", "V", "N", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?\nC. The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory\nV. The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory\nN. The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory\nU. The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory", "The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory", "The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory", "The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory"], "label": ["C", "V", "N", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two theories of Moon formation propose that much or all of the material comprising the Moon came from Earth?\nC. The Fission Theory and The Coaccretion Theory\nV. The Coaccretion Theory and The Capture Theory\nN. The Capture Theory and the Giant Impact Theory\nU. The Fission Theory and the Giant Impact Theory\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2855}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_4_29", "question": "When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be", "choices": {"text": ["fair.", "stormy.", "foggy.", "rainy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be\nA. fair.\nB. stormy.\nC. foggy.\nD. rainy.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be", "choices": {"text": ["rainy.", "foggy.", "stormy.", "fair."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be\nA. rainy.\nB. foggy.\nC. stormy.\nD. fair.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be", "choices": {"text": ["fair.", "stormy.", "foggy.", "rainy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be\n1. fair.\n2. stormy.\n3. foggy.\n4. rainy.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be", "choices": {"text": ["fair.", "stormy.", "foggy.", "rainy."], "label": ["Q", "M", "J", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be\nQ. fair.\nM. stormy.\nJ. foggy.\nP. rainy.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be", "choices": {"text": ["rainy.", "foggy.", "stormy.", "fair."], "label": ["Q", "M", "J", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When white, fluffy clouds appear in Massachusetts, the weather that day will MOST LIKELY be\nQ. rainy.\nM. foggy.\nJ. stormy.\nP. fair.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2856}
{"arc_id": "CSZ_2008_5_CSZ10233", "question": "Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?", "choices": {"text": ["iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.", "sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.", "helium, neon, argon, krypton.", "carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?\nA. iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.\nB. sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.\nC. helium, neon, argon, krypton.\nD. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.", "iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.", "sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.", "helium, neon, argon, krypton."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?\nA. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.\nB. iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.\nC. sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.\nD. helium, neon, argon, krypton.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?", "choices": {"text": ["iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.", "sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.", "helium, neon, argon, krypton.", "carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?\n1. iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.\n2. sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.\n3. helium, neon, argon, krypton.\n4. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?", "choices": {"text": ["iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.", "sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.", "helium, neon, argon, krypton.", "carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen."], "label": ["D", "Q", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?\nD. iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.\nQ. sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.\nN. helium, neon, argon, krypton.\nK. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.", "iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.", "sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.", "helium, neon, argon, krypton."], "label": ["D", "Q", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants and animals are composed of organic compounds. Which of the following are the common elements found in organic compounds?\nD. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.\nQ. iron, oxygen, nickel, copper.\nN. sodium, potassium, gold, hydrogen.\nK. helium, neon, argon, krypton.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2857}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7128660", "question": "New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?", "choices": {"text": ["remove the old theory from historical records", "change the research notes in the original theory", "use the new information to update the old theory", "ban the public from discussing the old theory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?\nA. remove the old theory from historical records\nB. change the research notes in the original theory\nC. use the new information to update the old theory\nD. ban the public from discussing the old theory\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?", "choices": {"text": ["change the research notes in the original theory", "use the new information to update the old theory", "remove the old theory from historical records", "ban the public from discussing the old theory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?\nA. change the research notes in the original theory\nB. use the new information to update the old theory\nC. remove the old theory from historical records\nD. ban the public from discussing the old theory\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?", "choices": {"text": ["remove the old theory from historical records", "change the research notes in the original theory", "use the new information to update the old theory", "ban the public from discussing the old theory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?\n1. remove the old theory from historical records\n2. change the research notes in the original theory\n3. use the new information to update the old theory\n4. ban the public from discussing the old theory\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?", "choices": {"text": ["remove the old theory from historical records", "change the research notes in the original theory", "use the new information to update the old theory", "ban the public from discussing the old theory"], "label": ["E", "P", "Y", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?\nE. remove the old theory from historical records\nP. change the research notes in the original theory\nY. use the new information to update the old theory\nU. ban the public from discussing the old theory\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?", "choices": {"text": ["change the research notes in the original theory", "use the new information to update the old theory", "remove the old theory from historical records", "ban the public from discussing the old theory"], "label": ["E", "P", "Y", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: New research uncovers information that proves that the data from an old theory is partially incorrect. What should the scientific community do about the old theory?\nE. change the research notes in the original theory\nP. use the new information to update the old theory\nY. remove the old theory from historical records\nU. ban the public from discussing the old theory\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2858}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7100520", "question": "Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["capable of reproducing by meiosis", "ability to reproduce without a mate", "ability to produce genetically different offspring", "capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?\nA. capable of reproducing by meiosis\nB. ability to reproduce without a mate\nC. ability to produce genetically different offspring\nD. capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent", "ability to produce genetically different offspring", "capable of reproducing by meiosis", "ability to reproduce without a mate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?\nA. capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent\nB. ability to produce genetically different offspring\nC. capable of reproducing by meiosis\nD. ability to reproduce without a mate\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["capable of reproducing by meiosis", "ability to reproduce without a mate", "ability to produce genetically different offspring", "capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?\n1. capable of reproducing by meiosis\n2. ability to reproduce without a mate\n3. ability to produce genetically different offspring\n4. capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["capable of reproducing by meiosis", "ability to reproduce without a mate", "ability to produce genetically different offspring", "capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent"], "label": ["Z", "O", "D", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?\nZ. capable of reproducing by meiosis\nO. ability to reproduce without a mate\nD. ability to produce genetically different offspring\nQ. capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent", "ability to produce genetically different offspring", "capable of reproducing by meiosis", "ability to reproduce without a mate"], "label": ["Z", "O", "D", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the greatest benefit of sexual reproduction?\nZ. capable of producing offspring genetically identical to parent\nO. ability to produce genetically different offspring\nD. capable of reproducing by meiosis\nQ. ability to reproduce without a mate\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2859}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7017728", "question": "The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the", "choices": {"text": ["distance between the vibration source and the receiver.", "type of material through which the sound travels.", "size of the object making the sound.", "type of device making the sound."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the\nA. distance between the vibration source and the receiver.\nB. type of material through which the sound travels.\nC. size of the object making the sound.\nD. type of device making the sound.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the", "choices": {"text": ["type of material through which the sound travels.", "type of device making the sound.", "distance between the vibration source and the receiver.", "size of the object making the sound."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the\nA. type of material through which the sound travels.\nB. type of device making the sound.\nC. distance between the vibration source and the receiver.\nD. size of the object making the sound.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the", "choices": {"text": ["distance between the vibration source and the receiver.", "type of material through which the sound travels.", "size of the object making the sound.", "type of device making the sound."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the\n1. distance between the vibration source and the receiver.\n2. type of material through which the sound travels.\n3. size of the object making the sound.\n4. type of device making the sound.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the", "choices": {"text": ["distance between the vibration source and the receiver.", "type of material through which the sound travels.", "size of the object making the sound.", "type of device making the sound."], "label": ["K", "D", "C", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the\nK. distance between the vibration source and the receiver.\nD. type of material through which the sound travels.\nC. size of the object making the sound.\nB. type of device making the sound.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the", "choices": {"text": ["type of material through which the sound travels.", "type of device making the sound.", "distance between the vibration source and the receiver.", "size of the object making the sound."], "label": ["K", "D", "C", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The speed at which sound waves travel depends on the\nK. type of material through which the sound travels.\nD. type of device making the sound.\nC. distance between the vibration source and the receiver.\nB. size of the object making the sound.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2860}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7032865", "question": "Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?", "choices": {"text": ["Galileo Galilei", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Darwin", "Sir Isaac Newton"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?\nA. Galileo Galilei\nB. Albert Einstein\nC. Charles Darwin\nD. Sir Isaac Newton\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?", "choices": {"text": ["Charles Darwin", "Sir Isaac Newton", "Albert Einstein", "Galileo Galilei"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?\nA. Charles Darwin\nB. Sir Isaac Newton\nC. Albert Einstein\nD. Galileo Galilei\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?", "choices": {"text": ["Galileo Galilei", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Darwin", "Sir Isaac Newton"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?\n1. Galileo Galilei\n2. Albert Einstein\n3. Charles Darwin\n4. Sir Isaac Newton\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?", "choices": {"text": ["Galileo Galilei", "Albert Einstein", "Charles Darwin", "Sir Isaac Newton"], "label": ["J", "L", "Q", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?\nJ. Galileo Galilei\nL. Albert Einstein\nQ. Charles Darwin\nK. Sir Isaac Newton\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?", "choices": {"text": ["Charles Darwin", "Sir Isaac Newton", "Albert Einstein", "Galileo Galilei"], "label": ["J", "L", "Q", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist is credited with discovering the first four moons of Jupiter?\nJ. Charles Darwin\nL. Sir Isaac Newton\nQ. Albert Einstein\nK. Galileo Galilei\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2861}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405057", "question": "During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?", "choices": {"text": ["gases", "rocks", "elements", "molecules"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?\nA. gases\nB. rocks\nC. elements\nD. molecules\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?", "choices": {"text": ["elements", "gases", "molecules", "rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?\nA. elements\nB. gases\nC. molecules\nD. rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?", "choices": {"text": ["gases", "rocks", "elements", "molecules"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?\n1. gases\n2. rocks\n3. elements\n4. molecules\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?", "choices": {"text": ["gases", "rocks", "elements", "molecules"], "label": ["U", "W", "B", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?\nU. gases\nW. rocks\nB. elements\nZ. molecules\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?", "choices": {"text": ["elements", "gases", "molecules", "rocks"], "label": ["U", "W", "B", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: During science class, a teacher explains that the samples the students are studying are made of two or more minerals. What are the students studying?\nU. elements\nW. gases\nB. molecules\nZ. rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2862}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7057593", "question": "When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?", "choices": {"text": ["winter", "spring", "summer", "fall"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?\nA. winter\nB. spring\nC. summer\nD. fall\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "winter", "summer", "spring"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?\nA. fall\nB. winter\nC. summer\nD. spring\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?", "choices": {"text": ["winter", "spring", "summer", "fall"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?\n1. winter\n2. spring\n3. summer\n4. fall\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?", "choices": {"text": ["winter", "spring", "summer", "fall"], "label": ["R", "P", "Q", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?\nR. winter\nP. spring\nQ. summer\nV. fall\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "winter", "summer", "spring"], "label": ["R", "P", "Q", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun causing the rays of light to hit Earth at large angles, which season occurs?\nR. fall\nP. winter\nQ. summer\nV. spring\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2863}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405231", "question": "A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?", "choices": {"text": ["The climate was once colder.", "The shells were carried by the wind.", "The mountain was covered by water.", "The shells once lived on dry land."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?\nA. The climate was once colder.\nB. The shells were carried by the wind.\nC. The mountain was covered by water.\nD. The shells once lived on dry land.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?", "choices": {"text": ["The shells once lived on dry land.", "The climate was once colder.", "The shells were carried by the wind.", "The mountain was covered by water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?\nA. The shells once lived on dry land.\nB. The climate was once colder.\nC. The shells were carried by the wind.\nD. The mountain was covered by water.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?", "choices": {"text": ["The climate was once colder.", "The shells were carried by the wind.", "The mountain was covered by water.", "The shells once lived on dry land."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?\n1. The climate was once colder.\n2. The shells were carried by the wind.\n3. The mountain was covered by water.\n4. The shells once lived on dry land.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?", "choices": {"text": ["The climate was once colder.", "The shells were carried by the wind.", "The mountain was covered by water.", "The shells once lived on dry land."], "label": ["Q", "S", "J", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?\nQ. The climate was once colder.\nS. The shells were carried by the wind.\nJ. The mountain was covered by water.\nR. The shells once lived on dry land.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?", "choices": {"text": ["The shells once lived on dry land.", "The climate was once colder.", "The shells were carried by the wind.", "The mountain was covered by water."], "label": ["Q", "S", "J", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist found fossils of ocean shells on a mountain top. Based on this find, which statement can be made?\nQ. The shells once lived on dry land.\nS. The climate was once colder.\nJ. The shells were carried by the wind.\nR. The mountain was covered by water.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2864}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2007_5_38", "question": "A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by", "choices": {"text": ["observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves", "examining the plants for spores", "counting the number of leaves on each stalk", "noticing if the plants are near rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by\nA. observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves\nB. examining the plants for spores\nC. counting the number of leaves on each stalk\nD. noticing if the plants are near rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by", "choices": {"text": ["noticing if the plants are near rocks", "counting the number of leaves on each stalk", "observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves", "examining the plants for spores"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by\nA. noticing if the plants are near rocks\nB. counting the number of leaves on each stalk\nC. observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves\nD. examining the plants for spores\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by", "choices": {"text": ["observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves", "examining the plants for spores", "counting the number of leaves on each stalk", "noticing if the plants are near rocks"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by\n1. observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves\n2. examining the plants for spores\n3. counting the number of leaves on each stalk\n4. noticing if the plants are near rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by", "choices": {"text": ["observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves", "examining the plants for spores", "counting the number of leaves on each stalk", "noticing if the plants are near rocks"], "label": ["T", "V", "M", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by\nT. observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves\nV. examining the plants for spores\nM. counting the number of leaves on each stalk\nQ. noticing if the plants are near rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by", "choices": {"text": ["noticing if the plants are near rocks", "counting the number of leaves on each stalk", "observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves", "examining the plants for spores"], "label": ["T", "V", "M", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student sees many plants around a pond. The student can determine which plants are nonvascular by\nT. noticing if the plants are near rocks\nV. counting the number of leaves on each stalk\nM. observing if they lack true stems, roots, or leaves\nQ. examining the plants for spores\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2865}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_410895", "question": "Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["by freezing the leaves on trees", "by causing rocks to stick together", "by turning acid rain into acid snow", "by freezing water in the cracks of rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?\nA. by freezing the leaves on trees\nB. by causing rocks to stick together\nC. by turning acid rain into acid snow\nD. by freezing water in the cracks of rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["by turning acid rain into acid snow", "by freezing water in the cracks of rocks", "by causing rocks to stick together", "by freezing the leaves on trees"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?\nA. by turning acid rain into acid snow\nB. by freezing water in the cracks of rocks\nC. by causing rocks to stick together\nD. by freezing the leaves on trees\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["by freezing the leaves on trees", "by causing rocks to stick together", "by turning acid rain into acid snow", "by freezing water in the cracks of rocks"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?\n1. by freezing the leaves on trees\n2. by causing rocks to stick together\n3. by turning acid rain into acid snow\n4. by freezing water in the cracks of rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["by freezing the leaves on trees", "by causing rocks to stick together", "by turning acid rain into acid snow", "by freezing water in the cracks of rocks"], "label": ["M", "B", "T", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?\nM. by freezing the leaves on trees\nB. by causing rocks to stick together\nT. by turning acid rain into acid snow\nL. by freezing water in the cracks of rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["by turning acid rain into acid snow", "by freezing water in the cracks of rocks", "by causing rocks to stick together", "by freezing the leaves on trees"], "label": ["M", "B", "T", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Darryl learns that freezing temperatures may help cause weathering. Which statement explains how freezing temperatures most likely cause weathering?\nM. by turning acid rain into acid snow\nB. by freezing water in the cracks of rocks\nT. by causing rocks to stick together\nL. by freezing the leaves on trees\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2866}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7015978", "question": "A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?", "choices": {"text": ["The mass of the atom increases.", "The atom becomes an isotope.", "The atomic number decreases.", "The atom becomes a positive ion."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?\nA. The mass of the atom increases.\nB. The atom becomes an isotope.\nC. The atomic number decreases.\nD. The atom becomes a positive ion.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?", "choices": {"text": ["The atomic number decreases.", "The atom becomes a positive ion.", "The mass of the atom increases.", "The atom becomes an isotope."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?\nA. The atomic number decreases.\nB. The atom becomes a positive ion.\nC. The mass of the atom increases.\nD. The atom becomes an isotope.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?", "choices": {"text": ["The mass of the atom increases.", "The atom becomes an isotope.", "The atomic number decreases.", "The atom becomes a positive ion."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?\n1. The mass of the atom increases.\n2. The atom becomes an isotope.\n3. The atomic number decreases.\n4. The atom becomes a positive ion.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?", "choices": {"text": ["The mass of the atom increases.", "The atom becomes an isotope.", "The atomic number decreases.", "The atom becomes a positive ion."], "label": ["X", "V", "A", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?\nX. The mass of the atom increases.\nV. The atom becomes an isotope.\nA. The atomic number decreases.\nT. The atom becomes a positive ion.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?", "choices": {"text": ["The atomic number decreases.", "The atom becomes a positive ion.", "The mass of the atom increases.", "The atom becomes an isotope."], "label": ["X", "V", "A", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bond is formed when an electron is transferred from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. What happens to the sodium atom during this process?\nX. The atomic number decreases.\nV. The atom becomes a positive ion.\nA. The mass of the atom increases.\nT. The atom becomes an isotope.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2867}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2010_5_5", "question": "A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?", "choices": {"text": ["Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months", "Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day", "Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years", "Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?\nA. Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months\nB. Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day\nC. Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years\nD. Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?", "choices": {"text": ["Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week", "Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years", "Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months", "Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?\nA. Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week\nB. Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years\nC. Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months\nD. Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?", "choices": {"text": ["Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months", "Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day", "Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years", "Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?\n1. Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months\n2. Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day\n3. Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years\n4. Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?", "choices": {"text": ["Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months", "Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day", "Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years", "Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week"], "label": ["F", "C", "J", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?\nF. Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months\nC. Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day\nJ. Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years\nH. Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?", "choices": {"text": ["Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week", "Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years", "Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months", "Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day"], "label": ["F", "C", "J", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of fish was released into a local lake. This species of fish had never lived in the lake before. Scientists want to collect data on how the lake's ecosystem is affected by the new fish. Which method of data collection will give the most accurate results?\nF. Observing the surface of the lake for signs of the new fish after one week\nC. Sampling fish populations in the lake over several years\nJ. Measuring oxygen levels in the lake for two months\nH. Checking the lake water for nutrient levels on one day\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2868}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7080955", "question": "On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?", "choices": {"text": ["earplugs", "rubber gloves", "goggles", "lead aprons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?\nA. earplugs\nB. rubber gloves\nC. goggles\nD. lead aprons\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?", "choices": {"text": ["goggles", "earplugs", "lead aprons", "rubber gloves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?\nA. goggles\nB. earplugs\nC. lead aprons\nD. rubber gloves\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?", "choices": {"text": ["earplugs", "rubber gloves", "goggles", "lead aprons"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?\n1. earplugs\n2. rubber gloves\n3. goggles\n4. lead aprons\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?", "choices": {"text": ["earplugs", "rubber gloves", "goggles", "lead aprons"], "label": ["G", "M", "H", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?\nG. earplugs\nM. rubber gloves\nH. goggles\nV. lead aprons\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?", "choices": {"text": ["goggles", "earplugs", "lead aprons", "rubber gloves"], "label": ["G", "M", "H", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a career day at school, an X-ray technician discusses her daily work with the class. Which equipment would she most likely say she uses on a regular basis to help ensure the safety of patients?\nG. goggles\nM. earplugs\nH. lead aprons\nV. rubber gloves\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2869}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2009_5_4", "question": "In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?", "choices": {"text": ["lever", "pulley", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?\nA. lever\nB. pulley\nC. inclined plane\nD. wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?", "choices": {"text": ["pulley", "wheel and axle", "lever", "inclined plane"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?\nA. pulley\nB. wheel and axle\nC. lever\nD. inclined plane\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?", "choices": {"text": ["lever", "pulley", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?\n1. lever\n2. pulley\n3. inclined plane\n4. wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?", "choices": {"text": ["lever", "pulley", "inclined plane", "wheel and axle"], "label": ["A", "Y", "J", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?\nA. lever\nY. pulley\nJ. inclined plane\nF. wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?", "choices": {"text": ["pulley", "wheel and axle", "lever", "inclined plane"], "label": ["A", "Y", "J", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the United States, windmills have been used for farming for hundreds of years. Which simple machine is the most important part of a windmill?\nA. pulley\nY. wheel and axle\nJ. lever\nF. inclined plane\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2870}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7017010", "question": "Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?", "choices": {"text": ["meter stick, spring scale", "balance, stopwatch", "balance, meter stick", "meter stick, stopwatch"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?\nA. meter stick, spring scale\nB. balance, stopwatch\nC. balance, meter stick\nD. meter stick, stopwatch\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?", "choices": {"text": ["meter stick, stopwatch", "balance, stopwatch", "balance, meter stick", "meter stick, spring scale"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?\nA. meter stick, stopwatch\nB. balance, stopwatch\nC. balance, meter stick\nD. meter stick, spring scale\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?", "choices": {"text": ["meter stick, spring scale", "balance, stopwatch", "balance, meter stick", "meter stick, stopwatch"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?\n1. meter stick, spring scale\n2. balance, stopwatch\n3. balance, meter stick\n4. meter stick, stopwatch\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?", "choices": {"text": ["meter stick, spring scale", "balance, stopwatch", "balance, meter stick", "meter stick, stopwatch"], "label": ["C", "Y", "U", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?\nC. meter stick, spring scale\nY. balance, stopwatch\nU. balance, meter stick\nS. meter stick, stopwatch\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?", "choices": {"text": ["meter stick, stopwatch", "balance, stopwatch", "balance, meter stick", "meter stick, spring scale"], "label": ["C", "Y", "U", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are needed to measure the effects of friction on a block of wood?\nC. meter stick, stopwatch\nY. balance, stopwatch\nU. balance, meter stick\nS. meter stick, spring scale\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2871}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7146108", "question": "Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["radio wave emissions", "a wobble in the rotation of the star", "regular occurring eclipses of its moons", "the discovery of a star as large as our own"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?\nA. radio wave emissions\nB. a wobble in the rotation of the star\nC. regular occurring eclipses of its moons\nD. the discovery of a star as large as our own\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["radio wave emissions", "regular occurring eclipses of its moons", "a wobble in the rotation of the star", "the discovery of a star as large as our own"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?\nA. radio wave emissions\nB. regular occurring eclipses of its moons\nC. a wobble in the rotation of the star\nD. the discovery of a star as large as our own\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["radio wave emissions", "a wobble in the rotation of the star", "regular occurring eclipses of its moons", "the discovery of a star as large as our own"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?\n1. radio wave emissions\n2. a wobble in the rotation of the star\n3. regular occurring eclipses of its moons\n4. the discovery of a star as large as our own\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["radio wave emissions", "a wobble in the rotation of the star", "regular occurring eclipses of its moons", "the discovery of a star as large as our own"], "label": ["X", "I", "Q", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?\nX. radio wave emissions\nI. a wobble in the rotation of the star\nQ. regular occurring eclipses of its moons\nG. the discovery of a star as large as our own\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["radio wave emissions", "regular occurring eclipses of its moons", "a wobble in the rotation of the star", "the discovery of a star as large as our own"], "label": ["X", "I", "Q", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets outside of our solar system have been detected. What suggested the presence of a planet outside of our solar system?\nX. radio wave emissions\nI. regular occurring eclipses of its moons\nQ. a wobble in the rotation of the star\nG. the discovery of a star as large as our own\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2872}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_12", "question": "During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?", "choices": {"text": ["conduction", "deposition", "erosion", "revolution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?\nA. conduction\nB. deposition\nC. erosion\nD. revolution\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?", "choices": {"text": ["conduction", "deposition", "revolution", "erosion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?\nA. conduction\nB. deposition\nC. revolution\nD. erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?", "choices": {"text": ["conduction", "deposition", "erosion", "revolution"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?\n1. conduction\n2. deposition\n3. erosion\n4. revolution\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?", "choices": {"text": ["conduction", "deposition", "erosion", "revolution"], "label": ["H", "E", "U", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?\nH. conduction\nE. deposition\nU. erosion\nO. revolution\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?", "choices": {"text": ["conduction", "deposition", "revolution", "erosion"], "label": ["H", "E", "U", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process are pieces of rock material being moved over Earth's surface by water and wind?\nH. conduction\nE. deposition\nU. revolution\nO. erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2873}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_5_3", "question": "The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts", "choices": {"text": ["land on the Moon", "orbit a planet", "return to Earth", "walk in space"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts\nA. land on the Moon\nB. orbit a planet\nC. return to Earth\nD. walk in space\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts", "choices": {"text": ["return to Earth", "walk in space", "land on the Moon", "orbit a planet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts\nA. return to Earth\nB. walk in space\nC. land on the Moon\nD. orbit a planet\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts", "choices": {"text": ["land on the Moon", "orbit a planet", "return to Earth", "walk in space"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts\n1. land on the Moon\n2. orbit a planet\n3. return to Earth\n4. walk in space\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts", "choices": {"text": ["land on the Moon", "orbit a planet", "return to Earth", "walk in space"], "label": ["H", "Q", "A", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts\nH. land on the Moon\nQ. orbit a planet\nA. return to Earth\nW. walk in space\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts", "choices": {"text": ["return to Earth", "walk in space", "land on the Moon", "orbit a planet"], "label": ["H", "Q", "A", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Apollo 11 mission was able to retrieve samples of the Moon's surface because it was the first mission to have astronauts\nH. return to Earth\nQ. walk in space\nA. land on the Moon\nW. orbit a planet\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2874}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401253", "question": "A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?", "choices": {"text": ["It boils.", "It melts.", "It dissolves.", "It evaporates."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?\nA. It boils.\nB. It melts.\nC. It dissolves.\nD. It evaporates.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?", "choices": {"text": ["It dissolves.", "It boils.", "It evaporates.", "It melts."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?\nA. It dissolves.\nB. It boils.\nC. It evaporates.\nD. It melts.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?", "choices": {"text": ["It boils.", "It melts.", "It dissolves.", "It evaporates."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?\n1. It boils.\n2. It melts.\n3. It dissolves.\n4. It evaporates.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?", "choices": {"text": ["It boils.", "It melts.", "It dissolves.", "It evaporates."], "label": ["M", "P", "H", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?\nM. It boils.\nP. It melts.\nH. It dissolves.\nJ. It evaporates.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?", "choices": {"text": ["It dissolves.", "It boils.", "It evaporates.", "It melts."], "label": ["M", "P", "H", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student mixes a teaspoon of sugar in a large glass of water. What happens to the sugar when it is mixed with the water?\nM. It dissolves.\nP. It boils.\nH. It evaporates.\nJ. It melts.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2875}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7235953", "question": "Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?", "choices": {"text": ["low density", "high energy", "massive nuclei", "circular movement"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?\nA. low density\nB. high energy\nC. massive nuclei\nD. circular movement\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?", "choices": {"text": ["high energy", "circular movement", "low density", "massive nuclei"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?\nA. high energy\nB. circular movement\nC. low density\nD. massive nuclei\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?", "choices": {"text": ["low density", "high energy", "massive nuclei", "circular movement"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?\n1. low density\n2. high energy\n3. massive nuclei\n4. circular movement\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?", "choices": {"text": ["low density", "high energy", "massive nuclei", "circular movement"], "label": ["G", "F", "L", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?\nG. low density\nF. high energy\nL. massive nuclei\nE. circular movement\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?", "choices": {"text": ["high energy", "circular movement", "low density", "massive nuclei"], "label": ["G", "F", "L", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds. These particles move in opposite directions at nearly the speed of light and collide into one another to simulate conditions that were present as the universe formed. Which property of matter in the initial moments of the universe are these accelerators designed to simulate?\nG. high energy\nF. circular movement\nL. low density\nE. massive nuclei\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2876}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_403974", "question": "A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "radiant energy.", "sound energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce\nA. chemical energy.\nB. thermal energy.\nC. radiant energy.\nD. sound energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce", "choices": {"text": ["radiant energy.", "sound energy.", "chemical energy.", "thermal energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce\nA. radiant energy.\nB. sound energy.\nC. chemical energy.\nD. thermal energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "radiant energy.", "sound energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce\n1. chemical energy.\n2. thermal energy.\n3. radiant energy.\n4. sound energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "radiant energy.", "sound energy."], "label": ["H", "I", "T", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce\nH. chemical energy.\nI. thermal energy.\nT. radiant energy.\nX. sound energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce", "choices": {"text": ["radiant energy.", "sound energy.", "chemical energy.", "thermal energy."], "label": ["H", "I", "T", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A doorbell circuit converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is in the form of vibrations that ultimately produce\nH. radiant energy.\nI. sound energy.\nT. chemical energy.\nX. thermal energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2877}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7241063", "question": "Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?", "choices": {"text": ["They live in the same habitat and niche.", "They forage and eat the same type of food.", "They mate and produce fertile offspring.", "They are similar in appearance and color."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?\nA. They live in the same habitat and niche.\nB. They forage and eat the same type of food.\nC. They mate and produce fertile offspring.\nD. They are similar in appearance and color.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?", "choices": {"text": ["They live in the same habitat and niche.", "They mate and produce fertile offspring.", "They forage and eat the same type of food.", "They are similar in appearance and color."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?\nA. They live in the same habitat and niche.\nB. They mate and produce fertile offspring.\nC. They forage and eat the same type of food.\nD. They are similar in appearance and color.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?", "choices": {"text": ["They live in the same habitat and niche.", "They forage and eat the same type of food.", "They mate and produce fertile offspring.", "They are similar in appearance and color."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?\n1. They live in the same habitat and niche.\n2. They forage and eat the same type of food.\n3. They mate and produce fertile offspring.\n4. They are similar in appearance and color.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?", "choices": {"text": ["They live in the same habitat and niche.", "They forage and eat the same type of food.", "They mate and produce fertile offspring.", "They are similar in appearance and color."], "label": ["L", "B", "W", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?\nL. They live in the same habitat and niche.\nB. They forage and eat the same type of food.\nW. They mate and produce fertile offspring.\nJ. They are similar in appearance and color.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?", "choices": {"text": ["They live in the same habitat and niche.", "They mate and produce fertile offspring.", "They forage and eat the same type of food.", "They are similar in appearance and color."], "label": ["L", "B", "W", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor determines if two individuals are members of the same species?\nL. They live in the same habitat and niche.\nB. They mate and produce fertile offspring.\nW. They forage and eat the same type of food.\nJ. They are similar in appearance and color.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2878}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2010_8_12015", "question": "Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Jupiter", "Mercury", "Saturn", "Uranus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?\nA. Jupiter\nB. Mercury\nC. Saturn\nD. Uranus\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Jupiter", "Saturn", "Mercury", "Uranus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?\nA. Jupiter\nB. Saturn\nC. Mercury\nD. Uranus\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Jupiter", "Mercury", "Saturn", "Uranus"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?\n1. Jupiter\n2. Mercury\n3. Saturn\n4. Uranus\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Jupiter", "Mercury", "Saturn", "Uranus"], "label": ["X", "J", "V", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?\nX. Jupiter\nJ. Mercury\nV. Saturn\nZ. Uranus\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Jupiter", "Saturn", "Mercury", "Uranus"], "label": ["X", "J", "V", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following planets is always closer to the Sun than it is to Earth?\nX. Jupiter\nJ. Saturn\nV. Mercury\nZ. Uranus\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2879}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7168350", "question": "Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?\nA. digestive\nB. excretory\nC. circulatory\nD. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "excretory", "respiratory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?\nA. circulatory\nB. digestive\nC. excretory\nD. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?\n1. digestive\n2. excretory\n3. circulatory\n4. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory"], "label": ["J", "E", "T", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?\nJ. digestive\nE. excretory\nT. circulatory\nY. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "excretory", "respiratory"], "label": ["J", "E", "T", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?\nJ. circulatory\nE. digestive\nT. excretory\nY. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2880}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402980", "question": "During which activity should a student wear goggles?", "choices": {"text": ["writing a science report", "mixing baking soda with water", "measuring the length of a shadow", "examining a leaf with a microscope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which activity should a student wear goggles?\nA. writing a science report\nB. mixing baking soda with water\nC. measuring the length of a shadow\nD. examining a leaf with a microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During which activity should a student wear goggles?", "choices": {"text": ["writing a science report", "measuring the length of a shadow", "mixing baking soda with water", "examining a leaf with a microscope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which activity should a student wear goggles?\nA. writing a science report\nB. measuring the length of a shadow\nC. mixing baking soda with water\nD. examining a leaf with a microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During which activity should a student wear goggles?", "choices": {"text": ["writing a science report", "mixing baking soda with water", "measuring the length of a shadow", "examining a leaf with a microscope"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which activity should a student wear goggles?\n1. writing a science report\n2. mixing baking soda with water\n3. measuring the length of a shadow\n4. examining a leaf with a microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During which activity should a student wear goggles?", "choices": {"text": ["writing a science report", "mixing baking soda with water", "measuring the length of a shadow", "examining a leaf with a microscope"], "label": ["A", "J", "N", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which activity should a student wear goggles?\nA. writing a science report\nJ. mixing baking soda with water\nN. measuring the length of a shadow\nX. examining a leaf with a microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During which activity should a student wear goggles?", "choices": {"text": ["writing a science report", "measuring the length of a shadow", "mixing baking soda with water", "examining a leaf with a microscope"], "label": ["A", "J", "N", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which activity should a student wear goggles?\nA. writing a science report\nJ. measuring the length of a shadow\nN. mixing baking soda with water\nX. examining a leaf with a microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2881}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_417126", "question": "Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "fertilizer", "herbicide", "insecticide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?\nA. water\nB. fertilizer\nC. herbicide\nD. insecticide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["fertilizer", "insecticide", "water", "herbicide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?\nA. fertilizer\nB. insecticide\nC. water\nD. herbicide\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "fertilizer", "herbicide", "insecticide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?\n1. water\n2. fertilizer\n3. herbicide\n4. insecticide\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "fertilizer", "herbicide", "insecticide"], "label": ["D", "G", "F", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?\nD. water\nG. fertilizer\nF. herbicide\nQ. insecticide\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["fertilizer", "insecticide", "water", "herbicide"], "label": ["D", "G", "F", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that is toxic to certain insects. Genes from this bacterium have been inserted into cotton to make Bt cotton. Farmers that use Bt cotton would most likely use less of which of the following?\nD. fertilizer\nG. insecticide\nF. water\nQ. herbicide\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2882}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_2", "question": "A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making", "choices": {"text": ["an inference", "a hypothesis", "a prediction", "an observation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making\nA. an inference\nB. a hypothesis\nC. a prediction\nD. an observation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making", "choices": {"text": ["an observation", "a hypothesis", "an inference", "a prediction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making\nA. an observation\nB. a hypothesis\nC. an inference\nD. a prediction\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making", "choices": {"text": ["an inference", "a hypothesis", "a prediction", "an observation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making\n1. an inference\n2. a hypothesis\n3. a prediction\n4. an observation\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making", "choices": {"text": ["an inference", "a hypothesis", "a prediction", "an observation"], "label": ["H", "K", "X", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making\nH. an inference\nK. a hypothesis\nX. a prediction\nT. an observation\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making", "choices": {"text": ["an observation", "a hypothesis", "an inference", "a prediction"], "label": ["H", "K", "X", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student examined a rock sample and described it as having particles of various colors that were 1 millimeter to 12 millimeters in size. The student was making\nH. an observation\nK. a hypothesis\nX. an inference\nT. a prediction\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2883}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_13", "question": "What are genes composed of?", "choices": {"text": ["offspring", "DNA", "cells", "traits"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are genes composed of?\nA. offspring\nB. DNA\nC. cells\nD. traits\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What are genes composed of?", "choices": {"text": ["offspring", "traits", "cells", "DNA"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are genes composed of?\nA. offspring\nB. traits\nC. cells\nD. DNA\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What are genes composed of?", "choices": {"text": ["offspring", "DNA", "cells", "traits"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are genes composed of?\n1. offspring\n2. DNA\n3. cells\n4. traits\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What are genes composed of?", "choices": {"text": ["offspring", "DNA", "cells", "traits"], "label": ["S", "W", "B", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are genes composed of?\nS. offspring\nW. DNA\nB. cells\nJ. traits\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What are genes composed of?", "choices": {"text": ["offspring", "traits", "cells", "DNA"], "label": ["S", "W", "B", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are genes composed of?\nS. offspring\nW. traits\nB. cells\nJ. DNA\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2884}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_177223", "question": "In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "physical", "magnetic", "electric"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?\nA. chemical\nB. physical\nC. magnetic\nD. electric\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?", "choices": {"text": ["electric", "magnetic", "chemical", "physical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?\nA. electric\nB. magnetic\nC. chemical\nD. physical\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "physical", "magnetic", "electric"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?\n1. chemical\n2. physical\n3. magnetic\n4. electric\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "physical", "magnetic", "electric"], "label": ["K", "L", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?\nK. chemical\nL. physical\nB. magnetic\nM. electric\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?", "choices": {"text": ["electric", "magnetic", "chemical", "physical"], "label": ["K", "L", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a classroom demonstration, a teacher pours sulfuric acid on some granulated sugar in a beaker. The sugar turns yellow and then black. Smoke rises and a strong smell is released. This demonstration is an example of what kind of change?\nK. electric\nL. magnetic\nB. chemical\nM. physical\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2885}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7200533", "question": "Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?", "choices": {"text": ["light and sound", "electrical and sound", "chemical and light", "chemical and electrical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?\nA. light and sound\nB. electrical and sound\nC. chemical and light\nD. chemical and electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical and sound", "chemical and electrical", "light and sound", "chemical and light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?\nA. electrical and sound\nB. chemical and electrical\nC. light and sound\nD. chemical and light\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?", "choices": {"text": ["light and sound", "electrical and sound", "chemical and light", "chemical and electrical"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?\n1. light and sound\n2. electrical and sound\n3. chemical and light\n4. chemical and electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?", "choices": {"text": ["light and sound", "electrical and sound", "chemical and light", "chemical and electrical"], "label": ["T", "D", "P", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?\nT. light and sound\nD. electrical and sound\nP. chemical and light\nH. chemical and electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical and sound", "chemical and electrical", "light and sound", "chemical and light"], "label": ["T", "D", "P", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marta studied different forms of energy. Which two types of energy travel in waves?\nT. electrical and sound\nD. chemical and electrical\nP. light and sound\nH. chemical and light\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2886}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400707", "question": "The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by", "choices": {"text": ["rivers flooding along a coastal plain.", "erosion and weathering.", "earthquakes and waves.", "rocks melted underground by lava."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by\nA. rivers flooding along a coastal plain.\nB. erosion and weathering.\nC. earthquakes and waves.\nD. rocks melted underground by lava.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by", "choices": {"text": ["rocks melted underground by lava.", "rivers flooding along a coastal plain.", "erosion and weathering.", "earthquakes and waves."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by\nA. rocks melted underground by lava.\nB. rivers flooding along a coastal plain.\nC. erosion and weathering.\nD. earthquakes and waves.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by", "choices": {"text": ["rivers flooding along a coastal plain.", "erosion and weathering.", "earthquakes and waves.", "rocks melted underground by lava."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by\n1. rivers flooding along a coastal plain.\n2. erosion and weathering.\n3. earthquakes and waves.\n4. rocks melted underground by lava.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by", "choices": {"text": ["rivers flooding along a coastal plain.", "erosion and weathering.", "earthquakes and waves.", "rocks melted underground by lava."], "label": ["G", "M", "W", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by\nG. rivers flooding along a coastal plain.\nM. erosion and weathering.\nW. earthquakes and waves.\nK. rocks melted underground by lava.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by", "choices": {"text": ["rocks melted underground by lava.", "rivers flooding along a coastal plain.", "erosion and weathering.", "earthquakes and waves."], "label": ["G", "M", "W", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The tops of some mountains are sharp and pointed, while the tops of others are smooth and rounded. This difference was most likely caused by\nG. rocks melted underground by lava.\nM. rivers flooding along a coastal plain.\nW. erosion and weathering.\nK. earthquakes and waves.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2887}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400380", "question": "A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use", "choices": {"text": ["coal.", "wind.", "wood.", "natural gas."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use\nA. coal.\nB. wind.\nC. wood.\nD. natural gas.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use", "choices": {"text": ["coal.", "wood.", "wind.", "natural gas."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use\nA. coal.\nB. wood.\nC. wind.\nD. natural gas.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use", "choices": {"text": ["coal.", "wind.", "wood.", "natural gas."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use\n1. coal.\n2. wind.\n3. wood.\n4. natural gas.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use", "choices": {"text": ["coal.", "wind.", "wood.", "natural gas."], "label": ["S", "E", "B", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use\nS. coal.\nE. wind.\nB. wood.\nD. natural gas.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use", "choices": {"text": ["coal.", "wood.", "wind.", "natural gas."], "label": ["S", "E", "B", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student suggests to the school board that they use a renewable energy source. The student suggests they use\nS. coal.\nE. wood.\nB. wind.\nD. natural gas.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2888}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7205590", "question": "Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by", "choices": {"text": ["ocean currents.", "aquatic plants.", "surface winds.", "tectonic plates."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by\nA. ocean currents.\nB. aquatic plants.\nC. surface winds.\nD. tectonic plates.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by", "choices": {"text": ["tectonic plates.", "surface winds.", "ocean currents.", "aquatic plants."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by\nA. tectonic plates.\nB. surface winds.\nC. ocean currents.\nD. aquatic plants.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by", "choices": {"text": ["ocean currents.", "aquatic plants.", "surface winds.", "tectonic plates."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by\n1. ocean currents.\n2. aquatic plants.\n3. surface winds.\n4. tectonic plates.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by", "choices": {"text": ["ocean currents.", "aquatic plants.", "surface winds.", "tectonic plates."], "label": ["K", "Q", "O", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by\nK. ocean currents.\nQ. aquatic plants.\nO. surface winds.\nH. tectonic plates.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by", "choices": {"text": ["tectonic plates.", "surface winds.", "ocean currents.", "aquatic plants."], "label": ["K", "Q", "O", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Solar radiation provides more heat near the equator than near the poles on Earth. The greatest amount of heat is moved away from the equator by\nK. tectonic plates.\nQ. surface winds.\nO. ocean currents.\nH. aquatic plants.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2889}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_30", "question": "Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?", "choices": {"text": ["leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?\nA. leaving the television on all day\nB. recycling plastic bottles\nC. cutting down trees\nD. burning trash in the yard\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?", "choices": {"text": ["recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "leaving the television on all day", "burning trash in the yard"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?\nA. recycling plastic bottles\nB. cutting down trees\nC. leaving the television on all day\nD. burning trash in the yard\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?", "choices": {"text": ["leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?\n1. leaving the television on all day\n2. recycling plastic bottles\n3. cutting down trees\n4. burning trash in the yard\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?", "choices": {"text": ["leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard"], "label": ["S", "G", "K", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?\nS. leaving the television on all day\nG. recycling plastic bottles\nK. cutting down trees\nR. burning trash in the yard\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?", "choices": {"text": ["recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "leaving the television on all day", "burning trash in the yard"], "label": ["S", "G", "K", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?\nS. recycling plastic bottles\nG. cutting down trees\nK. leaving the television on all day\nR. burning trash in the yard\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2890}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_17", "question": "Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?", "choices": {"text": ["strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?\nA. strong odor\nB. poor hearing\nC. weak eyesight\nD. shivering\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?", "choices": {"text": ["shivering", "strong odor", "weak eyesight", "poor hearing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?\nA. shivering\nB. strong odor\nC. weak eyesight\nD. poor hearing\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?", "choices": {"text": ["strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?\n1. strong odor\n2. poor hearing\n3. weak eyesight\n4. shivering\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?", "choices": {"text": ["strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering"], "label": ["C", "O", "Z", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?\nC. strong odor\nO. poor hearing\nZ. weak eyesight\nQ. shivering\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?", "choices": {"text": ["shivering", "strong odor", "weak eyesight", "poor hearing"], "label": ["C", "O", "Z", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?\nC. shivering\nO. strong odor\nZ. weak eyesight\nQ. poor hearing\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2891}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_3_5", "question": "Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.", "choices": {"text": ["leaves", "flowers", "roots", "seeds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.\nA. leaves\nB. flowers\nC. roots\nD. seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.", "choices": {"text": ["seeds", "roots", "leaves", "flowers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.\nA. seeds\nB. roots\nC. leaves\nD. flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.", "choices": {"text": ["leaves", "flowers", "roots", "seeds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.\n1. leaves\n2. flowers\n3. roots\n4. seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.", "choices": {"text": ["leaves", "flowers", "roots", "seeds"], "label": ["Z", "M", "K", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.\nZ. leaves\nM. flowers\nK. roots\nD. seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.", "choices": {"text": ["seeds", "roots", "leaves", "flowers"], "label": ["Z", "M", "K", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most plants begin their life cycle as ___.\nZ. seeds\nM. roots\nK. leaves\nD. flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2892}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415390", "question": "Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?", "choices": {"text": ["iron", "granite", "clay", "wood"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?\nA. iron\nB. granite\nC. clay\nD. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?", "choices": {"text": ["granite", "wood", "clay", "iron"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?\nA. granite\nB. wood\nC. clay\nD. iron\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?", "choices": {"text": ["iron", "granite", "clay", "wood"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?\n1. iron\n2. granite\n3. clay\n4. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?", "choices": {"text": ["iron", "granite", "clay", "wood"], "label": ["M", "A", "T", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?\nM. iron\nA. granite\nT. clay\nB. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?", "choices": {"text": ["granite", "wood", "clay", "iron"], "label": ["M", "A", "T", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Erin wants to make a strong, light chair. Which natural material should she use?\nM. granite\nA. wood\nT. clay\nB. iron\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2893}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408436", "question": "Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?", "choices": {"text": ["how to find food in garbage cans", "how to hibernate during the winter", "how to seek shelter in a hollow log", "how to live in human neighborhoods"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?\nA. how to find food in garbage cans\nB. how to hibernate during the winter\nC. how to seek shelter in a hollow log\nD. how to live in human neighborhoods\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?", "choices": {"text": ["how to live in human neighborhoods", "how to seek shelter in a hollow log", "how to find food in garbage cans", "how to hibernate during the winter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?\nA. how to live in human neighborhoods\nB. how to seek shelter in a hollow log\nC. how to find food in garbage cans\nD. how to hibernate during the winter\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?", "choices": {"text": ["how to find food in garbage cans", "how to hibernate during the winter", "how to seek shelter in a hollow log", "how to live in human neighborhoods"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?\n1. how to find food in garbage cans\n2. how to hibernate during the winter\n3. how to seek shelter in a hollow log\n4. how to live in human neighborhoods\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?", "choices": {"text": ["how to find food in garbage cans", "how to hibernate during the winter", "how to seek shelter in a hollow log", "how to live in human neighborhoods"], "label": ["P", "D", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?\nP. how to find food in garbage cans\nD. how to hibernate during the winter\nL. how to seek shelter in a hollow log\nC. how to live in human neighborhoods\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?", "choices": {"text": ["how to live in human neighborhoods", "how to seek shelter in a hollow log", "how to find food in garbage cans", "how to hibernate during the winter"], "label": ["P", "D", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jonathon was studying bears. He found out that bears are born with some behaviors and learn others from their environment. Which behavior does a bear most likely inherit?\nP. how to live in human neighborhoods\nD. how to seek shelter in a hollow log\nL. how to find food in garbage cans\nC. how to hibernate during the winter\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2894}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401143", "question": "A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's", "choices": {"text": ["swimming speed.", "body temperature.", "chance of survival.", "visibility to predators."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's\nA. swimming speed.\nB. body temperature.\nC. chance of survival.\nD. visibility to predators.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's", "choices": {"text": ["body temperature.", "chance of survival.", "swimming speed.", "visibility to predators."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's\nA. body temperature.\nB. chance of survival.\nC. swimming speed.\nD. visibility to predators.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's", "choices": {"text": ["swimming speed.", "body temperature.", "chance of survival.", "visibility to predators."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's\n1. swimming speed.\n2. body temperature.\n3. chance of survival.\n4. visibility to predators.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's", "choices": {"text": ["swimming speed.", "body temperature.", "chance of survival.", "visibility to predators."], "label": ["R", "E", "U", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's\nR. swimming speed.\nE. body temperature.\nU. chance of survival.\nV. visibility to predators.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's", "choices": {"text": ["body temperature.", "chance of survival.", "swimming speed.", "visibility to predators."], "label": ["R", "E", "U", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of the same species of fish swim together to increase an individual's\nR. body temperature.\nE. chance of survival.\nU. swimming speed.\nV. visibility to predators.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2895}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2005_8_10403", "question": "In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?", "choices": {"text": ["mammals", "fungi", "insects", "plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?\nA. mammals\nB. fungi\nC. insects\nD. plants\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?", "choices": {"text": ["plants", "mammals", "insects", "fungi"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?\nA. plants\nB. mammals\nC. insects\nD. fungi\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?", "choices": {"text": ["mammals", "fungi", "insects", "plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?\n1. mammals\n2. fungi\n3. insects\n4. plants\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?", "choices": {"text": ["mammals", "fungi", "insects", "plants"], "label": ["Y", "J", "W", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?\nY. mammals\nJ. fungi\nW. insects\nB. plants\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?", "choices": {"text": ["plants", "mammals", "insects", "fungi"], "label": ["Y", "J", "W", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the oxygen cycle, which group of organisms replenishes a large portion of the atmospheric oxygen supply?\nY. plants\nJ. mammals\nW. insects\nB. fungi\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2896}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7108045", "question": "Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["chickens that naturally make the antibiotics", "microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics", "microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics", "chickens that are resistant to infection"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?\nA. chickens that naturally make the antibiotics\nB. microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics\nC. microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics\nD. chickens that are resistant to infection\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics", "chickens that are resistant to infection", "chickens that naturally make the antibiotics", "microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?\nA. microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics\nB. chickens that are resistant to infection\nC. chickens that naturally make the antibiotics\nD. microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["chickens that naturally make the antibiotics", "microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics", "microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics", "chickens that are resistant to infection"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?\n1. chickens that naturally make the antibiotics\n2. microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics\n3. microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics\n4. chickens that are resistant to infection\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["chickens that naturally make the antibiotics", "microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics", "microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics", "chickens that are resistant to infection"], "label": ["D", "H", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?\nD. chickens that naturally make the antibiotics\nH. microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics\nO. microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics\nJ. chickens that are resistant to infection\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics", "chickens that are resistant to infection", "chickens that naturally make the antibiotics", "microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics"], "label": ["D", "H", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. The overuse of the antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?\nD. microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics\nH. chickens that are resistant to infection\nO. chickens that naturally make the antibiotics\nJ. microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2897}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402251", "question": "A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?", "choices": {"text": ["to form a good hypothesis", "to increase the accuracy of the results", "to make the results more significant", "to better explain the investigation to others"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?\nA. to form a good hypothesis\nB. to increase the accuracy of the results\nC. to make the results more significant\nD. to better explain the investigation to others\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?", "choices": {"text": ["to better explain the investigation to others", "to form a good hypothesis", "to make the results more significant", "to increase the accuracy of the results"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?\nA. to better explain the investigation to others\nB. to form a good hypothesis\nC. to make the results more significant\nD. to increase the accuracy of the results\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?", "choices": {"text": ["to form a good hypothesis", "to increase the accuracy of the results", "to make the results more significant", "to better explain the investigation to others"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?\n1. to form a good hypothesis\n2. to increase the accuracy of the results\n3. to make the results more significant\n4. to better explain the investigation to others\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?", "choices": {"text": ["to form a good hypothesis", "to increase the accuracy of the results", "to make the results more significant", "to better explain the investigation to others"], "label": ["Y", "I", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?\nY. to form a good hypothesis\nI. to increase the accuracy of the results\nV. to make the results more significant\nB. to better explain the investigation to others\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?", "choices": {"text": ["to better explain the investigation to others", "to form a good hypothesis", "to make the results more significant", "to increase the accuracy of the results"], "label": ["Y", "I", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student performs a lab investigation by measuring the average time it takes for a toy car to travel 10 meters. Why is it best to perform the experiment in three trials?\nY. to better explain the investigation to others\nI. to form a good hypothesis\nV. to make the results more significant\nB. to increase the accuracy of the results\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2898}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7071418", "question": "A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?", "choices": {"text": ["weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks", "pressure on the rock formation inside Earth", "a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded", "a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?\nA. weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks\nB. pressure on the rock formation inside Earth\nC. a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded\nD. a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?", "choices": {"text": ["a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash", "weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks", "pressure on the rock formation inside Earth", "a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?\nA. a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash\nB. weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks\nC. pressure on the rock formation inside Earth\nD. a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?", "choices": {"text": ["weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks", "pressure on the rock formation inside Earth", "a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded", "a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?\n1. weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks\n2. pressure on the rock formation inside Earth\n3. a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded\n4. a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?", "choices": {"text": ["weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks", "pressure on the rock formation inside Earth", "a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded", "a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash"], "label": ["F", "R", "U", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?\nF. weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks\nR. pressure on the rock formation inside Earth\nU. a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded\nS. a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?", "choices": {"text": ["a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash", "weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks", "pressure on the rock formation inside Earth", "a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded"], "label": ["F", "R", "U", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist finds a metamorphic rock formation next to a magma chamber and determines that it was originally a sedimentary rock formation. He concludes that the temperature of the magma chamber caused the rock formation to become metamorphic. Which is another reliable explanation of how the rock formation was changed?\nF. a quick burial of the rocks by tons of volcanic ash\nR. weight of heavy machinery moving over the rocks\nU. pressure on the rock formation inside Earth\nS. a sandstorm that caused the rocks to be eroded\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2899}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407370", "question": "Earth orbiting the Sun causes", "choices": {"text": ["the changing of the seasons.", "daily tidal cycles.", "day to become night.", "the phases of the Moon."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth orbiting the Sun causes\nA. the changing of the seasons.\nB. daily tidal cycles.\nC. day to become night.\nD. the phases of the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth orbiting the Sun causes", "choices": {"text": ["daily tidal cycles.", "the changing of the seasons.", "day to become night.", "the phases of the Moon."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth orbiting the Sun causes\nA. daily tidal cycles.\nB. the changing of the seasons.\nC. day to become night.\nD. the phases of the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth orbiting the Sun causes", "choices": {"text": ["the changing of the seasons.", "daily tidal cycles.", "day to become night.", "the phases of the Moon."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth orbiting the Sun causes\n1. the changing of the seasons.\n2. daily tidal cycles.\n3. day to become night.\n4. the phases of the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth orbiting the Sun causes", "choices": {"text": ["the changing of the seasons.", "daily tidal cycles.", "day to become night.", "the phases of the Moon."], "label": ["Z", "L", "B", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth orbiting the Sun causes\nZ. the changing of the seasons.\nL. daily tidal cycles.\nB. day to become night.\nE. the phases of the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth orbiting the Sun causes", "choices": {"text": ["daily tidal cycles.", "the changing of the seasons.", "day to become night.", "the phases of the Moon."], "label": ["Z", "L", "B", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth orbiting the Sun causes\nZ. daily tidal cycles.\nL. the changing of the seasons.\nB. day to become night.\nE. the phases of the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2900}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7084595", "question": "The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon revolving around Earth.", "Earth revolving around the Sun.", "the Moon rotating on its axis.", "Earth rotating on its axis."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of\nA. the Moon revolving around Earth.\nB. Earth revolving around the Sun.\nC. the Moon rotating on its axis.\nD. Earth rotating on its axis.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of", "choices": {"text": ["Earth revolving around the Sun.", "the Moon rotating on its axis.", "Earth rotating on its axis.", "the Moon revolving around Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of\nA. Earth revolving around the Sun.\nB. the Moon rotating on its axis.\nC. Earth rotating on its axis.\nD. the Moon revolving around Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon revolving around Earth.", "Earth revolving around the Sun.", "the Moon rotating on its axis.", "Earth rotating on its axis."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of\n1. the Moon revolving around Earth.\n2. Earth revolving around the Sun.\n3. the Moon rotating on its axis.\n4. Earth rotating on its axis.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon revolving around Earth.", "Earth revolving around the Sun.", "the Moon rotating on its axis.", "Earth rotating on its axis."], "label": ["F", "U", "Q", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of\nF. the Moon revolving around Earth.\nU. Earth revolving around the Sun.\nQ. the Moon rotating on its axis.\nA. Earth rotating on its axis.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of", "choices": {"text": ["Earth revolving around the Sun.", "the Moon rotating on its axis.", "Earth rotating on its axis.", "the Moon revolving around Earth."], "label": ["F", "U", "Q", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cycle of night and day on Earth is a result of\nF. Earth revolving around the Sun.\nU. the Moon rotating on its axis.\nQ. Earth rotating on its axis.\nA. the Moon revolving around Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2901}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7041335", "question": "Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?", "choices": {"text": ["weight", "hair color", "blood type", "handedness"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?\nA. weight\nB. hair color\nC. blood type\nD. handedness\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?", "choices": {"text": ["blood type", "handedness", "weight", "hair color"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?\nA. blood type\nB. handedness\nC. weight\nD. hair color\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?", "choices": {"text": ["weight", "hair color", "blood type", "handedness"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?\n1. weight\n2. hair color\n3. blood type\n4. handedness\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?", "choices": {"text": ["weight", "hair color", "blood type", "handedness"], "label": ["R", "B", "K", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?\nR. weight\nB. hair color\nK. blood type\nS. handedness\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?", "choices": {"text": ["blood type", "handedness", "weight", "hair color"], "label": ["R", "B", "K", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these traits is most influenced by environment?\nR. blood type\nB. handedness\nK. weight\nS. hair color\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2902}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7236320", "question": "Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen is chemically inert.", "Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.", "Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.", "Argon is unable to react with water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?\nA. Nitrogen is chemically inert.\nB. Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.\nC. Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.\nD. Argon is unable to react with water.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.", "Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.", "Argon is unable to react with water.", "Nitrogen is chemically inert."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?\nA. Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.\nB. Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.\nC. Argon is unable to react with water.\nD. Nitrogen is chemically inert.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen is chemically inert.", "Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.", "Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.", "Argon is unable to react with water."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?\n1. Nitrogen is chemically inert.\n2. Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.\n3. Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.\n4. Argon is unable to react with water.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen is chemically inert.", "Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.", "Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.", "Argon is unable to react with water."], "label": ["Y", "H", "Z", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?\nY. Nitrogen is chemically inert.\nH. Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.\nZ. Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.\nG. Argon is unable to react with water.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.", "Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.", "Argon is unable to react with water.", "Nitrogen is chemically inert."], "label": ["Y", "H", "Z", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes a characteristic of a gas that has a significant effect on the climates of both Earth and Venus?\nY. Carbon dioxide traps solar energy.\nH. Sodium vapor reflects solar energy.\nZ. Argon is unable to react with water.\nG. Nitrogen is chemically inert.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2903}
{"arc_id": "LEAP__5_10308", "question": "DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?", "choices": {"text": ["identifying genetic disorders", "determining the parts of an atom", "observing distant objects in space", "making very accurate measurements"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?\nA. identifying genetic disorders\nB. determining the parts of an atom\nC. observing distant objects in space\nD. making very accurate measurements\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?", "choices": {"text": ["making very accurate measurements", "observing distant objects in space", "identifying genetic disorders", "determining the parts of an atom"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?\nA. making very accurate measurements\nB. observing distant objects in space\nC. identifying genetic disorders\nD. determining the parts of an atom\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?", "choices": {"text": ["identifying genetic disorders", "determining the parts of an atom", "observing distant objects in space", "making very accurate measurements"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?\n1. identifying genetic disorders\n2. determining the parts of an atom\n3. observing distant objects in space\n4. making very accurate measurements\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?", "choices": {"text": ["identifying genetic disorders", "determining the parts of an atom", "observing distant objects in space", "making very accurate measurements"], "label": ["C", "T", "X", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?\nC. identifying genetic disorders\nT. determining the parts of an atom\nX. observing distant objects in space\nU. making very accurate measurements\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?", "choices": {"text": ["making very accurate measurements", "observing distant objects in space", "identifying genetic disorders", "determining the parts of an atom"], "label": ["C", "T", "X", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: DNA technology has improved greatly in the last twenty years. Which task has been made easier by the development of DNA technology?\nC. making very accurate measurements\nT. observing distant objects in space\nX. identifying genetic disorders\nU. determining the parts of an atom\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2904}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7068425", "question": "Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?", "choices": {"text": ["constant weathering and erosion", "extreme pressure and heating", "rapid burial of sediments", "slow cooling of magma"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?\nA. constant weathering and erosion\nB. extreme pressure and heating\nC. rapid burial of sediments\nD. slow cooling of magma\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?", "choices": {"text": ["constant weathering and erosion", "rapid burial of sediments", "slow cooling of magma", "extreme pressure and heating"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?\nA. constant weathering and erosion\nB. rapid burial of sediments\nC. slow cooling of magma\nD. extreme pressure and heating\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?", "choices": {"text": ["constant weathering and erosion", "extreme pressure and heating", "rapid burial of sediments", "slow cooling of magma"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?\n1. constant weathering and erosion\n2. extreme pressure and heating\n3. rapid burial of sediments\n4. slow cooling of magma\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?", "choices": {"text": ["constant weathering and erosion", "extreme pressure and heating", "rapid burial of sediments", "slow cooling of magma"], "label": ["J", "D", "X", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?\nJ. constant weathering and erosion\nD. extreme pressure and heating\nX. rapid burial of sediments\nG. slow cooling of magma\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?", "choices": {"text": ["constant weathering and erosion", "rapid burial of sediments", "slow cooling of magma", "extreme pressure and heating"], "label": ["J", "D", "X", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which condition is necessary for metamorphic rocks to form?\nJ. constant weathering and erosion\nD. rapid burial of sediments\nX. slow cooling of magma\nG. extreme pressure and heating\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2905}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401308", "question": "Which event helps to renew a resource?", "choices": {"text": ["A seed is planted from a tree.", "An offshore rig pumps oil.", "A car is filled with gasoline.", "An office is heated with coal."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event helps to renew a resource?\nA. A seed is planted from a tree.\nB. An offshore rig pumps oil.\nC. A car is filled with gasoline.\nD. An office is heated with coal.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event helps to renew a resource?", "choices": {"text": ["An offshore rig pumps oil.", "A seed is planted from a tree.", "An office is heated with coal.", "A car is filled with gasoline."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event helps to renew a resource?\nA. An offshore rig pumps oil.\nB. A seed is planted from a tree.\nC. An office is heated with coal.\nD. A car is filled with gasoline.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event helps to renew a resource?", "choices": {"text": ["A seed is planted from a tree.", "An offshore rig pumps oil.", "A car is filled with gasoline.", "An office is heated with coal."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event helps to renew a resource?\n1. A seed is planted from a tree.\n2. An offshore rig pumps oil.\n3. A car is filled with gasoline.\n4. An office is heated with coal.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event helps to renew a resource?", "choices": {"text": ["A seed is planted from a tree.", "An offshore rig pumps oil.", "A car is filled with gasoline.", "An office is heated with coal."], "label": ["V", "Z", "I", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event helps to renew a resource?\nV. A seed is planted from a tree.\nZ. An offshore rig pumps oil.\nI. A car is filled with gasoline.\nY. An office is heated with coal.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event helps to renew a resource?", "choices": {"text": ["An offshore rig pumps oil.", "A seed is planted from a tree.", "An office is heated with coal.", "A car is filled with gasoline."], "label": ["V", "Z", "I", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event helps to renew a resource?\nV. An offshore rig pumps oil.\nZ. A seed is planted from a tree.\nI. An office is heated with coal.\nY. A car is filled with gasoline.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2906}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_18", "question": "Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["root", "stem", "flower", "leaf"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?\nA. root\nB. stem\nC. flower\nD. leaf\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["stem", "root", "flower", "leaf"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?\nA. stem\nB. root\nC. flower\nD. leaf\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["root", "stem", "flower", "leaf"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?\n1. root\n2. stem\n3. flower\n4. leaf\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["root", "stem", "flower", "leaf"], "label": ["D", "P", "K", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?\nD. root\nP. stem\nK. flower\nJ. leaf\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["stem", "root", "flower", "leaf"], "label": ["D", "P", "K", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a plant takes in water and nutrients from the soil?\nD. stem\nP. root\nK. flower\nJ. leaf\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2907}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7165550", "question": "A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy converted to potential energy", "chemical energy converted to kinetic energy", "chemical energy converted to thermal energy", "thermal energy converted to potential energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?\nA. kinetic energy converted to potential energy\nB. chemical energy converted to kinetic energy\nC. chemical energy converted to thermal energy\nD. thermal energy converted to potential energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?", "choices": {"text": ["thermal energy converted to potential energy", "kinetic energy converted to potential energy", "chemical energy converted to kinetic energy", "chemical energy converted to thermal energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?\nA. thermal energy converted to potential energy\nB. kinetic energy converted to potential energy\nC. chemical energy converted to kinetic energy\nD. chemical energy converted to thermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy converted to potential energy", "chemical energy converted to kinetic energy", "chemical energy converted to thermal energy", "thermal energy converted to potential energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?\n1. kinetic energy converted to potential energy\n2. chemical energy converted to kinetic energy\n3. chemical energy converted to thermal energy\n4. thermal energy converted to potential energy\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy converted to potential energy", "chemical energy converted to kinetic energy", "chemical energy converted to thermal energy", "thermal energy converted to potential energy"], "label": ["X", "K", "O", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?\nX. kinetic energy converted to potential energy\nK. chemical energy converted to kinetic energy\nO. chemical energy converted to thermal energy\nQ. thermal energy converted to potential energy\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?", "choices": {"text": ["thermal energy converted to potential energy", "kinetic energy converted to potential energy", "chemical energy converted to kinetic energy", "chemical energy converted to thermal energy"], "label": ["X", "K", "O", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A certain type of hybrid car utilizes a braking system in which energy is recovered and stored in batteries. This is an example of which type of energy conversion?\nX. thermal energy converted to potential energy\nK. kinetic energy converted to potential energy\nO. chemical energy converted to kinetic energy\nQ. chemical energy converted to thermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2908}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7114923", "question": "Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?", "choices": {"text": ["parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism", "neutralism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?\nA. parasitism\nB. commensalism\nC. mutualism\nD. neutralism\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?", "choices": {"text": ["neutralism", "parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?\nA. neutralism\nB. parasitism\nC. commensalism\nD. mutualism\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?", "choices": {"text": ["parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism", "neutralism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?\n1. parasitism\n2. commensalism\n3. mutualism\n4. neutralism\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?", "choices": {"text": ["parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism", "neutralism"], "label": ["P", "R", "M", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?\nP. parasitism\nR. commensalism\nM. mutualism\nH. neutralism\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?", "choices": {"text": ["neutralism", "parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism"], "label": ["P", "R", "M", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clownfish take shelter in the tentacles of sea anemones and keep sea anemones clean. Which type of relationship does this represent?\nP. neutralism\nR. parasitism\nM. commensalism\nH. mutualism\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2909}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408434", "question": "Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["a robin that builds a nest", "an owl that calls at night", "a duck that swims in water", "a goose that migrates in winter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?\nA. a robin that builds a nest\nB. an owl that calls at night\nC. a duck that swims in water\nD. a goose that migrates in winter\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["a goose that migrates in winter", "a robin that builds a nest", "a duck that swims in water", "an owl that calls at night"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?\nA. a goose that migrates in winter\nB. a robin that builds a nest\nC. a duck that swims in water\nD. an owl that calls at night\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["a robin that builds a nest", "an owl that calls at night", "a duck that swims in water", "a goose that migrates in winter"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?\n1. a robin that builds a nest\n2. an owl that calls at night\n3. a duck that swims in water\n4. a goose that migrates in winter\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["a robin that builds a nest", "an owl that calls at night", "a duck that swims in water", "a goose that migrates in winter"], "label": ["P", "C", "Q", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?\nP. a robin that builds a nest\nC. an owl that calls at night\nQ. a duck that swims in water\nB. a goose that migrates in winter\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["a goose that migrates in winter", "a robin that builds a nest", "a duck that swims in water", "an owl that calls at night"], "label": ["P", "C", "Q", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some animals have behaviors that help them find food when little is available. Which best describes an animal with this type of behavior?\nP. a goose that migrates in winter\nC. a robin that builds a nest\nQ. a duck that swims in water\nB. an owl that calls at night\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2910}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008453", "question": "Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "hygrometer", "anemometer", "weather vane"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?\nA. barometer\nB. hygrometer\nC. anemometer\nD. weather vane\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "anemometer", "weather vane", "hygrometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?\nA. barometer\nB. anemometer\nC. weather vane\nD. hygrometer\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "hygrometer", "anemometer", "weather vane"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?\n1. barometer\n2. hygrometer\n3. anemometer\n4. weather vane\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "hygrometer", "anemometer", "weather vane"], "label": ["Q", "V", "T", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?\nQ. barometer\nV. hygrometer\nT. anemometer\nS. weather vane\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "anemometer", "weather vane", "hygrometer"], "label": ["Q", "V", "T", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Part of a student's experiment is to measure changes in wind speed several hours before a storm. What piece of equipment should the student use?\nQ. barometer\nV. anemometer\nT. weather vane\nS. hygrometer\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2911}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_14", "question": "An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of", "choices": {"text": ["circulation", "competition", "mutation", "respiration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of\nA. circulation\nB. competition\nC. mutation\nD. respiration\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of", "choices": {"text": ["circulation", "competition", "respiration", "mutation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of\nA. circulation\nB. competition\nC. respiration\nD. mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of", "choices": {"text": ["circulation", "competition", "mutation", "respiration"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of\n1. circulation\n2. competition\n3. mutation\n4. respiration\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of", "choices": {"text": ["circulation", "competition", "mutation", "respiration"], "label": ["S", "Q", "T", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of\nS. circulation\nQ. competition\nT. mutation\nC. respiration\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of", "choices": {"text": ["circulation", "competition", "respiration", "mutation"], "label": ["S", "Q", "T", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: An organism is born with a genetic abnormality not present in any of its ancestors. This abnormality is most likely the result of\nS. circulation\nQ. competition\nT. respiration\nC. mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2912}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_24", "question": "The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon to revolve once", "the Moon to rotate once", "Earth to rotate once", "Earth to revolve once"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes\nA. the Moon to revolve once\nB. the Moon to rotate once\nC. Earth to rotate once\nD. Earth to revolve once\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes", "choices": {"text": ["Earth to rotate once", "Earth to revolve once", "the Moon to revolve once", "the Moon to rotate once"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes\nA. Earth to rotate once\nB. Earth to revolve once\nC. the Moon to revolve once\nD. the Moon to rotate once\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon to revolve once", "the Moon to rotate once", "Earth to rotate once", "Earth to revolve once"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes\n1. the Moon to revolve once\n2. the Moon to rotate once\n3. Earth to rotate once\n4. Earth to revolve once\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon to revolve once", "the Moon to rotate once", "Earth to rotate once", "Earth to revolve once"], "label": ["L", "Q", "F", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes\nL. the Moon to revolve once\nQ. the Moon to rotate once\nF. Earth to rotate once\nZ. Earth to revolve once\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes", "choices": {"text": ["Earth to rotate once", "Earth to revolve once", "the Moon to revolve once", "the Moon to rotate once"], "label": ["L", "Q", "F", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The length of one day on Earth is determined by how long it takes\nL. Earth to rotate once\nQ. Earth to revolve once\nF. the Moon to revolve once\nZ. the Moon to rotate once\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2913}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_6", "question": "When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will", "choices": {"text": ["decrease", "increase", "remain the same"], "label": ["A", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will\nA. decrease\nB. increase\nC. remain the same\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will", "choices": {"text": ["increase", "remain the same", "decrease"], "label": ["A", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will\nA. increase\nB. remain the same\nC. decrease\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will", "choices": {"text": ["decrease", "increase", "remain the same"], "label": ["1", "2", "3"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will\n1. decrease\n2. increase\n3. remain the same\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will", "choices": {"text": ["decrease", "increase", "remain the same"], "label": ["Y", "G", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will\nY. decrease\nG. increase\nV. remain the same\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will", "choices": {"text": ["increase", "remain the same", "decrease"], "label": ["Y", "G", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a rock is placed in a graduated cylinder containing water, the height of the water will\nY. increase\nG. remain the same\nV. decrease\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2914}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400279", "question": "A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will", "choices": {"text": ["evaporate sooner.", "take longer to increase in temperature.", "condense over a longer period.", "chemically break down at a faster rate."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will\nA. evaporate sooner.\nB. take longer to increase in temperature.\nC. condense over a longer period.\nD. chemically break down at a faster rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will", "choices": {"text": ["chemically break down at a faster rate.", "evaporate sooner.", "take longer to increase in temperature.", "condense over a longer period."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will\nA. chemically break down at a faster rate.\nB. evaporate sooner.\nC. take longer to increase in temperature.\nD. condense over a longer period.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will", "choices": {"text": ["evaporate sooner.", "take longer to increase in temperature.", "condense over a longer period.", "chemically break down at a faster rate."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will\n1. evaporate sooner.\n2. take longer to increase in temperature.\n3. condense over a longer period.\n4. chemically break down at a faster rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will", "choices": {"text": ["evaporate sooner.", "take longer to increase in temperature.", "condense over a longer period.", "chemically break down at a faster rate."], "label": ["G", "Y", "S", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will\nG. evaporate sooner.\nY. take longer to increase in temperature.\nS. condense over a longer period.\nP. chemically break down at a faster rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will", "choices": {"text": ["chemically break down at a faster rate.", "evaporate sooner.", "take longer to increase in temperature.", "condense over a longer period."], "label": ["G", "Y", "S", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student heats the same amount of two different liquids over Bunsen burners. Each liquid is at room temperature when the student begins. If liquid 1 has a higher specific heat than liquid 2, then liquid 1 will\nG. chemically break down at a faster rate.\nY. evaporate sooner.\nS. take longer to increase in temperature.\nP. condense over a longer period.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2915}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7092190", "question": "Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?", "choices": {"text": ["eating", "breathing", "running", "sleeping"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?\nA. eating\nB. breathing\nC. running\nD. sleeping\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing", "eating", "sleeping", "running"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?\nA. breathing\nB. eating\nC. sleeping\nD. running\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?", "choices": {"text": ["eating", "breathing", "running", "sleeping"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?\n1. eating\n2. breathing\n3. running\n4. sleeping\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?", "choices": {"text": ["eating", "breathing", "running", "sleeping"], "label": ["M", "A", "Z", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?\nM. eating\nA. breathing\nZ. running\nC. sleeping\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing", "eating", "sleeping", "running"], "label": ["M", "A", "Z", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Through which activity do animals get the carbon that is needed for their bodies?\nM. breathing\nA. eating\nZ. sleeping\nC. running\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2916}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7113890", "question": "Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Archaebacteria", "Fungi", "Plantae", "Protista"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?\nA. Archaebacteria\nB. Fungi\nC. Plantae\nD. Protista\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Plantae", "Fungi", "Archaebacteria", "Protista"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?\nA. Plantae\nB. Fungi\nC. Archaebacteria\nD. Protista\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Archaebacteria", "Fungi", "Plantae", "Protista"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?\n1. Archaebacteria\n2. Fungi\n3. Plantae\n4. Protista\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Archaebacteria", "Fungi", "Plantae", "Protista"], "label": ["T", "J", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?\nT. Archaebacteria\nJ. Fungi\nP. Plantae\nG. Protista\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Plantae", "Fungi", "Archaebacteria", "Protista"], "label": ["T", "J", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have discovered organisms that thrive in hot water that is 90°C (194°F) and do not need sunlight or oxygen to live. Into which kingdom would the scientists classify these organisms?\nT. Plantae\nJ. Fungi\nP. Archaebacteria\nG. Protista\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2917}
{"arc_id": "TAKS_2009_8_17", "question": "A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?", "choices": {"text": ["Integumentary and endocrine systems", "Muscular and respiratory systems", "Nervous and muscular systems", "Skeletal and nervous systems"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?\nA. Integumentary and endocrine systems\nB. Muscular and respiratory systems\nC. Nervous and muscular systems\nD. Skeletal and nervous systems\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?", "choices": {"text": ["Nervous and muscular systems", "Skeletal and nervous systems", "Integumentary and endocrine systems", "Muscular and respiratory systems"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?\nA. Nervous and muscular systems\nB. Skeletal and nervous systems\nC. Integumentary and endocrine systems\nD. Muscular and respiratory systems\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?", "choices": {"text": ["Integumentary and endocrine systems", "Muscular and respiratory systems", "Nervous and muscular systems", "Skeletal and nervous systems"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?\n1. Integumentary and endocrine systems\n2. Muscular and respiratory systems\n3. Nervous and muscular systems\n4. Skeletal and nervous systems\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?", "choices": {"text": ["Integumentary and endocrine systems", "Muscular and respiratory systems", "Nervous and muscular systems", "Skeletal and nervous systems"], "label": ["A", "X", "J", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?\nA. Integumentary and endocrine systems\nX. Muscular and respiratory systems\nJ. Nervous and muscular systems\nR. Skeletal and nervous systems\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?", "choices": {"text": ["Nervous and muscular systems", "Skeletal and nervous systems", "Integumentary and endocrine systems", "Muscular and respiratory systems"], "label": ["A", "X", "J", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cook touches a hot stove and quickly moves his hand away. What are the two primary body systems that work together to produce this response?\nA. Nervous and muscular systems\nX. Skeletal and nervous systems\nJ. Integumentary and endocrine systems\nR. Muscular and respiratory systems\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2918}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_4_3", "question": "Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?", "choices": {"text": ["Their shapes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes change when they are in different containers.", "Their volumes stay the same in any container.", "Their volumes change when they are in different containers."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?\nA. Their shapes stay the same in any container.\nB. Their shapes change when they are in different containers.\nC. Their volumes stay the same in any container.\nD. Their volumes change when they are in different containers.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?", "choices": {"text": ["Their volumes change when they are in different containers.", "Their volumes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes change when they are in different containers."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?\nA. Their volumes change when they are in different containers.\nB. Their volumes stay the same in any container.\nC. Their shapes stay the same in any container.\nD. Their shapes change when they are in different containers.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?", "choices": {"text": ["Their shapes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes change when they are in different containers.", "Their volumes stay the same in any container.", "Their volumes change when they are in different containers."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?\n1. Their shapes stay the same in any container.\n2. Their shapes change when they are in different containers.\n3. Their volumes stay the same in any container.\n4. Their volumes change when they are in different containers.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?", "choices": {"text": ["Their shapes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes change when they are in different containers.", "Their volumes stay the same in any container.", "Their volumes change when they are in different containers."], "label": ["W", "B", "L", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?\nW. Their shapes stay the same in any container.\nB. Their shapes change when they are in different containers.\nL. Their volumes stay the same in any container.\nS. Their volumes change when they are in different containers.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?", "choices": {"text": ["Their volumes change when they are in different containers.", "Their volumes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes stay the same in any container.", "Their shapes change when they are in different containers."], "label": ["W", "B", "L", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement correctly describes both gases and liquids?\nW. Their volumes change when they are in different containers.\nB. Their volumes stay the same in any container.\nL. Their shapes stay the same in any container.\nS. Their shapes change when they are in different containers.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2919}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7202353", "question": "When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?", "choices": {"text": ["learned behavior", "migration instinct", "response to stimuli", "reproductive strategy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?\nA. learned behavior\nB. migration instinct\nC. response to stimuli\nD. reproductive strategy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?", "choices": {"text": ["response to stimuli", "reproductive strategy", "migration instinct", "learned behavior"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?\nA. response to stimuli\nB. reproductive strategy\nC. migration instinct\nD. learned behavior\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?", "choices": {"text": ["learned behavior", "migration instinct", "response to stimuli", "reproductive strategy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?\n1. learned behavior\n2. migration instinct\n3. response to stimuli\n4. reproductive strategy\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?", "choices": {"text": ["learned behavior", "migration instinct", "response to stimuli", "reproductive strategy"], "label": ["D", "Z", "R", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?\nD. learned behavior\nZ. migration instinct\nR. response to stimuli\nO. reproductive strategy\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?", "choices": {"text": ["response to stimuli", "reproductive strategy", "migration instinct", "learned behavior"], "label": ["D", "Z", "R", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the soil is saturated, earthworms move to the top of the soil to obtain oxygen. This behavior is evidence of which biological concept in earthworms?\nD. response to stimuli\nZ. reproductive strategy\nR. migration instinct\nO. learned behavior\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2920}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_9_14", "question": "Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?", "choices": {"text": ["synthesis of enzymes", "formation of cellulose", "breakdown of glucose", "active transport of ions"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?\nA. synthesis of enzymes\nB. formation of cellulose\nC. breakdown of glucose\nD. active transport of ions\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?", "choices": {"text": ["synthesis of enzymes", "active transport of ions", "formation of cellulose", "breakdown of glucose"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?\nA. synthesis of enzymes\nB. active transport of ions\nC. formation of cellulose\nD. breakdown of glucose\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?", "choices": {"text": ["synthesis of enzymes", "formation of cellulose", "breakdown of glucose", "active transport of ions"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?\n1. synthesis of enzymes\n2. formation of cellulose\n3. breakdown of glucose\n4. active transport of ions\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?", "choices": {"text": ["synthesis of enzymes", "formation of cellulose", "breakdown of glucose", "active transport of ions"], "label": ["M", "P", "K", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?\nM. synthesis of enzymes\nP. formation of cellulose\nK. breakdown of glucose\nS. active transport of ions\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?", "choices": {"text": ["synthesis of enzymes", "active transport of ions", "formation of cellulose", "breakdown of glucose"], "label": ["M", "P", "K", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?\nM. synthesis of enzymes\nP. active transport of ions\nK. formation of cellulose\nS. breakdown of glucose\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2921}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2015_5_37", "question": "Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately", "choices": {"text": ["1 day", "28 days", "180 days", "365 days"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately\nA. 1 day\nB. 28 days\nC. 180 days\nD. 365 days\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately", "choices": {"text": ["28 days", "365 days", "180 days", "1 day"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately\nA. 28 days\nB. 365 days\nC. 180 days\nD. 1 day\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately", "choices": {"text": ["1 day", "28 days", "180 days", "365 days"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately\n1. 1 day\n2. 28 days\n3. 180 days\n4. 365 days\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately", "choices": {"text": ["1 day", "28 days", "180 days", "365 days"], "label": ["E", "U", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately\nE. 1 day\nU. 28 days\nZ. 180 days\nW. 365 days\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately", "choices": {"text": ["28 days", "365 days", "180 days", "1 day"], "label": ["E", "U", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth revolves around the sun. The amount of time needed for Earth to complete one revolution around the sun is approximately\nE. 28 days\nU. 365 days\nZ. 180 days\nW. 1 day\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2922}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2010_8_22", "question": "Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?", "choices": {"text": ["fish births increase", "fish populations decrease", "sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases", "the rate of water runoff into the bay increases"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?\nA. fish births increase\nB. fish populations decrease\nC. sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases\nD. the rate of water runoff into the bay increases\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?", "choices": {"text": ["fish populations decrease", "the rate of water runoff into the bay increases", "sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases", "fish births increase"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?\nA. fish populations decrease\nB. the rate of water runoff into the bay increases\nC. sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases\nD. fish births increase\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?", "choices": {"text": ["fish births increase", "fish populations decrease", "sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases", "the rate of water runoff into the bay increases"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?\n1. fish births increase\n2. fish populations decrease\n3. sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases\n4. the rate of water runoff into the bay increases\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?", "choices": {"text": ["fish births increase", "fish populations decrease", "sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases", "the rate of water runoff into the bay increases"], "label": ["L", "V", "Y", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?\nL. fish births increase\nV. fish populations decrease\nY. sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases\nT. the rate of water runoff into the bay increases\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?", "choices": {"text": ["fish populations decrease", "the rate of water runoff into the bay increases", "sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases", "fish births increase"], "label": ["L", "V", "Y", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Excess nitrogen fertilizers sometimes drain into waterways that flow into the Chesapeake Bay. This nitrogen may cause algae blooms, which reduce dissolved oxygen in the water. How does nitrogen negatively affect the Chesapeake Bay?\nL. fish populations decrease\nV. the rate of water runoff into the bay increases\nY. sediment on the bottom of the bay decreases\nT. fish births increase\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2923}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1999_4_4", "question": "Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?", "choices": {"text": ["The heat comes from the Sun.", "The heat comes from pools of underground water.", "The heat comes from deep within Earth.", "The heat comes from decaying plants and animals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?\nA. The heat comes from the Sun.\nB. The heat comes from pools of underground water.\nC. The heat comes from deep within Earth.\nD. The heat comes from decaying plants and animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?", "choices": {"text": ["The heat comes from the Sun.", "The heat comes from pools of underground water.", "The heat comes from decaying plants and animals.", "The heat comes from deep within Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?\nA. The heat comes from the Sun.\nB. The heat comes from pools of underground water.\nC. The heat comes from decaying plants and animals.\nD. The heat comes from deep within Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?", "choices": {"text": ["The heat comes from the Sun.", "The heat comes from pools of underground water.", "The heat comes from deep within Earth.", "The heat comes from decaying plants and animals."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?\n1. The heat comes from the Sun.\n2. The heat comes from pools of underground water.\n3. The heat comes from deep within Earth.\n4. The heat comes from decaying plants and animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?", "choices": {"text": ["The heat comes from the Sun.", "The heat comes from pools of underground water.", "The heat comes from deep within Earth.", "The heat comes from decaying plants and animals."], "label": ["D", "W", "B", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?\nD. The heat comes from the Sun.\nW. The heat comes from pools of underground water.\nB. The heat comes from deep within Earth.\nS. The heat comes from decaying plants and animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?", "choices": {"text": ["The heat comes from the Sun.", "The heat comes from pools of underground water.", "The heat comes from decaying plants and animals.", "The heat comes from deep within Earth."], "label": ["D", "W", "B", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mount Arenal, a volcano in Costa Rica, is erupting. Heat is being released during the eruption. What is the source of the heat?\nD. The heat comes from the Sun.\nW. The heat comes from pools of underground water.\nB. The heat comes from decaying plants and animals.\nS. The heat comes from deep within Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2924}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7247923", "question": "Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?", "choices": {"text": ["It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.", "It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth.", "It provides a navel when the baby is born.", "It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?\nA. It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.\nB. It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth.\nC. It provides a navel when the baby is born.\nD. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?", "choices": {"text": ["It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.", "It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.", "It provides a navel when the baby is born.", "It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?\nA. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.\nB. It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.\nC. It provides a navel when the baby is born.\nD. It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?", "choices": {"text": ["It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.", "It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth.", "It provides a navel when the baby is born.", "It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?\n1. It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.\n2. It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth.\n3. It provides a navel when the baby is born.\n4. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?", "choices": {"text": ["It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.", "It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth.", "It provides a navel when the baby is born.", "It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus."], "label": ["M", "N", "C", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?\nM. It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.\nN. It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth.\nC. It provides a navel when the baby is born.\nG. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?", "choices": {"text": ["It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.", "It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.", "It provides a navel when the baby is born.", "It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth."], "label": ["M", "N", "C", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes how the umbilical cord supports a developing fetus?\nM. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.\nN. It provides a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus.\nC. It provides a navel when the baby is born.\nG. It keeps the fetus inside the mother until birth.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2925}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416124", "question": "Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive and skeletal", "skeletal and circulatory", "circulatory and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?\nA. digestive and skeletal\nB. skeletal and circulatory\nC. circulatory and respiratory\nD. respiratory and digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive and skeletal", "circulatory and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive", "skeletal and circulatory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?\nA. digestive and skeletal\nB. circulatory and respiratory\nC. respiratory and digestive\nD. skeletal and circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive and skeletal", "skeletal and circulatory", "circulatory and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?\n1. digestive and skeletal\n2. skeletal and circulatory\n3. circulatory and respiratory\n4. respiratory and digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive and skeletal", "skeletal and circulatory", "circulatory and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive"], "label": ["H", "S", "J", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?\nH. digestive and skeletal\nS. skeletal and circulatory\nJ. circulatory and respiratory\nZ. respiratory and digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive and skeletal", "circulatory and respiratory", "respiratory and digestive", "skeletal and circulatory"], "label": ["H", "S", "J", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two human body systems are most responsible for getting oxygen to cells?\nH. digestive and skeletal\nS. circulatory and respiratory\nJ. respiratory and digestive\nZ. skeletal and circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2926}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_407530", "question": "In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?", "choices": {"text": ["1 tall plant to 3 short plants", "2 tall plants to 2 short plants", "3 tall plants to 1 short plant", "4 tall plants to 0 short plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?\nA. 1 tall plant to 3 short plants\nB. 2 tall plants to 2 short plants\nC. 3 tall plants to 1 short plant\nD. 4 tall plants to 0 short plants\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?", "choices": {"text": ["2 tall plants to 2 short plants", "4 tall plants to 0 short plants", "3 tall plants to 1 short plant", "1 tall plant to 3 short plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?\nA. 2 tall plants to 2 short plants\nB. 4 tall plants to 0 short plants\nC. 3 tall plants to 1 short plant\nD. 1 tall plant to 3 short plants\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?", "choices": {"text": ["1 tall plant to 3 short plants", "2 tall plants to 2 short plants", "3 tall plants to 1 short plant", "4 tall plants to 0 short plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?\n1. 1 tall plant to 3 short plants\n2. 2 tall plants to 2 short plants\n3. 3 tall plants to 1 short plant\n4. 4 tall plants to 0 short plants\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?", "choices": {"text": ["1 tall plant to 3 short plants", "2 tall plants to 2 short plants", "3 tall plants to 1 short plant", "4 tall plants to 0 short plants"], "label": ["C", "E", "T", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?\nC. 1 tall plant to 3 short plants\nE. 2 tall plants to 2 short plants\nT. 3 tall plants to 1 short plant\nV. 4 tall plants to 0 short plants\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?", "choices": {"text": ["2 tall plants to 2 short plants", "4 tall plants to 0 short plants", "3 tall plants to 1 short plant", "1 tall plant to 3 short plants"], "label": ["C", "E", "T", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In their science classroom, Sam and Julia cross a heterozygous tall (Tt) pea plant with a homozygous short (tt) pea plant. What ratio represents the results Sam and Julia can expect?\nC. 2 tall plants to 2 short plants\nE. 4 tall plants to 0 short plants\nT. 3 tall plants to 1 short plant\nV. 1 tall plant to 3 short plants\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2927}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7271740", "question": "When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become", "choices": {"text": ["warmer.", "cooler.", "more acidic.", "more alkaline."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become\nA. warmer.\nB. cooler.\nC. more acidic.\nD. more alkaline.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become", "choices": {"text": ["more acidic.", "cooler.", "more alkaline.", "warmer."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become\nA. more acidic.\nB. cooler.\nC. more alkaline.\nD. warmer.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become", "choices": {"text": ["warmer.", "cooler.", "more acidic.", "more alkaline."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become\n1. warmer.\n2. cooler.\n3. more acidic.\n4. more alkaline.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become", "choices": {"text": ["warmer.", "cooler.", "more acidic.", "more alkaline."], "label": ["L", "W", "N", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become\nL. warmer.\nW. cooler.\nN. more acidic.\nV. more alkaline.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become", "choices": {"text": ["more acidic.", "cooler.", "more alkaline.", "warmer."], "label": ["L", "W", "N", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, some of the carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean causing the ocean to become\nL. more acidic.\nW. cooler.\nN. more alkaline.\nV. warmer.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2928}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026495", "question": "Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?", "choices": {"text": ["magma", "igneous", "sedimentary", "metamorphic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?\nA. magma\nB. igneous\nC. sedimentary\nD. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphic", "sedimentary", "igneous", "magma"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?\nA. metamorphic\nB. sedimentary\nC. igneous\nD. magma\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?", "choices": {"text": ["magma", "igneous", "sedimentary", "metamorphic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?\n1. magma\n2. igneous\n3. sedimentary\n4. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?", "choices": {"text": ["magma", "igneous", "sedimentary", "metamorphic"], "label": ["P", "O", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?\nP. magma\nO. igneous\nU. sedimentary\nJ. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphic", "sedimentary", "igneous", "magma"], "label": ["P", "O", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over time, dried lava from an old volcano is worn down and broken into small pieces. When these pieces pile up and are cemented together to form new rock, how would this new rock be classified?\nP. metamorphic\nO. sedimentary\nU. igneous\nJ. magma\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2929}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7084315", "question": "When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?", "choices": {"text": ["an element", "a mixture", "a compound", "a new form of matter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?\nA. an element\nB. a mixture\nC. a compound\nD. a new form of matter\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?", "choices": {"text": ["an element", "a compound", "a new form of matter", "a mixture"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?\nA. an element\nB. a compound\nC. a new form of matter\nD. a mixture\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?", "choices": {"text": ["an element", "a mixture", "a compound", "a new form of matter"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?\n1. an element\n2. a mixture\n3. a compound\n4. a new form of matter\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?", "choices": {"text": ["an element", "a mixture", "a compound", "a new form of matter"], "label": ["S", "X", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?\nS. an element\nX. a mixture\nC. a compound\nY. a new form of matter\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?", "choices": {"text": ["an element", "a compound", "a new form of matter", "a mixture"], "label": ["S", "X", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: When potassium and bromine atoms form chemical bonds, which of these is produced?\nS. an element\nX. a compound\nC. a new form of matter\nY. a mixture\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2930}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_4_pg51", "question": "How often does Earth rotate on its axis?", "choices": {"text": ["once every 12 hours", "once every 24 hours", "once every month", "once every year"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How often does Earth rotate on its axis?\nA. once every 12 hours\nB. once every 24 hours\nC. once every month\nD. once every year\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How often does Earth rotate on its axis?", "choices": {"text": ["once every 24 hours", "once every 12 hours", "once every month", "once every year"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How often does Earth rotate on its axis?\nA. once every 24 hours\nB. once every 12 hours\nC. once every month\nD. once every year\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How often does Earth rotate on its axis?", "choices": {"text": ["once every 12 hours", "once every 24 hours", "once every month", "once every year"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How often does Earth rotate on its axis?\n1. once every 12 hours\n2. once every 24 hours\n3. once every month\n4. once every year\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How often does Earth rotate on its axis?", "choices": {"text": ["once every 12 hours", "once every 24 hours", "once every month", "once every year"], "label": ["Q", "P", "D", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: How often does Earth rotate on its axis?\nQ. once every 12 hours\nP. once every 24 hours\nD. once every month\nO. once every year\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How often does Earth rotate on its axis?", "choices": {"text": ["once every 24 hours", "once every 12 hours", "once every month", "once every year"], "label": ["Q", "P", "D", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: How often does Earth rotate on its axis?\nQ. once every 24 hours\nP. once every 12 hours\nD. once every month\nO. once every year\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2931}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7081148", "question": "The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?", "choices": {"text": ["a bar graph", "a pie chart", "a line graph", "a scatterplot"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?\nA. a bar graph\nB. a pie chart\nC. a line graph\nD. a scatterplot\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?", "choices": {"text": ["a pie chart", "a line graph", "a bar graph", "a scatterplot"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?\nA. a pie chart\nB. a line graph\nC. a bar graph\nD. a scatterplot\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?", "choices": {"text": ["a bar graph", "a pie chart", "a line graph", "a scatterplot"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?\n1. a bar graph\n2. a pie chart\n3. a line graph\n4. a scatterplot\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?", "choices": {"text": ["a bar graph", "a pie chart", "a line graph", "a scatterplot"], "label": ["O", "C", "U", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?\nO. a bar graph\nC. a pie chart\nU. a line graph\nZ. a scatterplot\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?", "choices": {"text": ["a pie chart", "a line graph", "a bar graph", "a scatterplot"], "label": ["O", "C", "U", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The elements that make up the atmosphere of Earth can be listed as percentages or can be shown in a graph. Which type of graph would best show this information?\nO. a pie chart\nC. a line graph\nU. a bar graph\nZ. a scatterplot\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2932}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400040", "question": "Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "oxygen", "protein", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?\nA. heat\nB. oxygen\nC. protein\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "protein", "water", "heat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?\nA. oxygen\nB. protein\nC. water\nD. heat\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "oxygen", "protein", "water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?\n1. heat\n2. oxygen\n3. protein\n4. water\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "oxygen", "protein", "water"], "label": ["P", "Z", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?\nP. heat\nZ. oxygen\nX. protein\nQ. water\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "protein", "water", "heat"], "label": ["P", "Z", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals give off carbon dioxide that plants take in through leaves. What do plants give off as a result of photosynthesis that animals need to breathe?\nP. oxygen\nZ. protein\nX. water\nQ. heat\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2933}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2010_7_10", "question": "Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?", "choices": {"text": ["Argon, Ar", "Oxygen, O2", "Water, H2O", "Nitrogen, N2"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?\nA. Argon, Ar\nB. Oxygen, O2\nC. Water, H2O\nD. Nitrogen, N2\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen, N2", "Argon, Ar", "Oxygen, O2", "Water, H2O"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?\nA. Nitrogen, N2\nB. Argon, Ar\nC. Oxygen, O2\nD. Water, H2O\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?", "choices": {"text": ["Argon, Ar", "Oxygen, O2", "Water, H2O", "Nitrogen, N2"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?\n1. Argon, Ar\n2. Oxygen, O2\n3. Water, H2O\n4. Nitrogen, N2\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?", "choices": {"text": ["Argon, Ar", "Oxygen, O2", "Water, H2O", "Nitrogen, N2"], "label": ["T", "M", "Z", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?\nT. Argon, Ar\nM. Oxygen, O2\nZ. Water, H2O\nO. Nitrogen, N2\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen, N2", "Argon, Ar", "Oxygen, O2", "Water, H2O"], "label": ["T", "M", "Z", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air is composed of many different substances. Which of the following components of air is a compound rather than an element?\nT. Nitrogen, N2\nM. Argon, Ar\nZ. Oxygen, O2\nO. Water, H2O\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2934}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2013_7_4", "question": "Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?", "choices": {"text": ["global warming", "asteroid impacts", "tilt of the Earth's axis", "the solar activity cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?\nA. global warming\nB. asteroid impacts\nC. tilt of the Earth's axis\nD. the solar activity cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?", "choices": {"text": ["tilt of the Earth's axis", "the solar activity cycle", "global warming", "asteroid impacts"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?\nA. tilt of the Earth's axis\nB. the solar activity cycle\nC. global warming\nD. asteroid impacts\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?", "choices": {"text": ["global warming", "asteroid impacts", "tilt of the Earth's axis", "the solar activity cycle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?\n1. global warming\n2. asteroid impacts\n3. tilt of the Earth's axis\n4. the solar activity cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?", "choices": {"text": ["global warming", "asteroid impacts", "tilt of the Earth's axis", "the solar activity cycle"], "label": ["W", "A", "O", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?\nW. global warming\nA. asteroid impacts\nO. tilt of the Earth's axis\nC. the solar activity cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?", "choices": {"text": ["tilt of the Earth's axis", "the solar activity cycle", "global warming", "asteroid impacts"], "label": ["W", "A", "O", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor is responsible for the presence of equatorial deserts?\nW. tilt of the Earth's axis\nA. the solar activity cycle\nO. global warming\nC. asteroid impacts\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2935}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405444", "question": "The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because", "choices": {"text": ["it makes food easier to find.", "predators avoid the moth.", "it aids in attracting a mate.", "the moth blends in with its surroundings."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because\nA. it makes food easier to find.\nB. predators avoid the moth.\nC. it aids in attracting a mate.\nD. the moth blends in with its surroundings.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because", "choices": {"text": ["it makes food easier to find.", "it aids in attracting a mate.", "the moth blends in with its surroundings.", "predators avoid the moth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because\nA. it makes food easier to find.\nB. it aids in attracting a mate.\nC. the moth blends in with its surroundings.\nD. predators avoid the moth.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because", "choices": {"text": ["it makes food easier to find.", "predators avoid the moth.", "it aids in attracting a mate.", "the moth blends in with its surroundings."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because\n1. it makes food easier to find.\n2. predators avoid the moth.\n3. it aids in attracting a mate.\n4. the moth blends in with its surroundings.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because", "choices": {"text": ["it makes food easier to find.", "predators avoid the moth.", "it aids in attracting a mate.", "the moth blends in with its surroundings."], "label": ["H", "O", "M", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because\nH. it makes food easier to find.\nO. predators avoid the moth.\nM. it aids in attracting a mate.\nV. the moth blends in with its surroundings.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because", "choices": {"text": ["it makes food easier to find.", "it aids in attracting a mate.", "the moth blends in with its surroundings.", "predators avoid the moth."], "label": ["H", "O", "M", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ash borer moth looks similar to a wasp, but it does not have the ability to sting. This adaptation most likely helps the moth survive because\nH. it makes food easier to find.\nO. it aids in attracting a mate.\nM. the moth blends in with its surroundings.\nV. predators avoid the moth.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2936}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7213675", "question": "Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory system", "nervous system", "respiratory system", "excretory system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?\nA. circulatory system\nB. nervous system\nC. respiratory system\nD. excretory system\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous system", "excretory system", "respiratory system", "circulatory system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?\nA. nervous system\nB. excretory system\nC. respiratory system\nD. circulatory system\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory system", "nervous system", "respiratory system", "excretory system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?\n1. circulatory system\n2. nervous system\n3. respiratory system\n4. excretory system\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory system", "nervous system", "respiratory system", "excretory system"], "label": ["V", "A", "P", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?\nV. circulatory system\nA. nervous system\nP. respiratory system\nO. excretory system\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous system", "excretory system", "respiratory system", "circulatory system"], "label": ["V", "A", "P", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organ system communicates with cells in muscle tissue so that the muscles contract or relax, allowing the body to move?\nV. nervous system\nA. excretory system\nP. respiratory system\nO. circulatory system\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2937}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2010_8_15-v1", "question": "Which device produces mechanical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a battery", "an electric motor", "a light bulb", "a solar cooker"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which device produces mechanical energy?\nA. a battery\nB. an electric motor\nC. a light bulb\nD. a solar cooker\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which device produces mechanical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a battery", "a solar cooker", "a light bulb", "an electric motor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which device produces mechanical energy?\nA. a battery\nB. a solar cooker\nC. a light bulb\nD. an electric motor\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which device produces mechanical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a battery", "an electric motor", "a light bulb", "a solar cooker"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which device produces mechanical energy?\n1. a battery\n2. an electric motor\n3. a light bulb\n4. a solar cooker\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which device produces mechanical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a battery", "an electric motor", "a light bulb", "a solar cooker"], "label": ["P", "U", "Y", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which device produces mechanical energy?\nP. a battery\nU. an electric motor\nY. a light bulb\nX. a solar cooker\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which device produces mechanical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a battery", "a solar cooker", "a light bulb", "an electric motor"], "label": ["P", "U", "Y", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which device produces mechanical energy?\nP. a battery\nU. a solar cooker\nY. a light bulb\nX. an electric motor\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2938}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7094675", "question": "A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?", "choices": {"text": ["Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.", "Beaches would form from different materials.", "Sand dunes would become smaller.", "Deltas would become larger."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?\nA. Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.\nB. Beaches would form from different materials.\nC. Sand dunes would become smaller.\nD. Deltas would become larger.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?", "choices": {"text": ["Beaches would form from different materials.", "Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.", "Sand dunes would become smaller.", "Deltas would become larger."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?\nA. Beaches would form from different materials.\nB. Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.\nC. Sand dunes would become smaller.\nD. Deltas would become larger.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?", "choices": {"text": ["Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.", "Beaches would form from different materials.", "Sand dunes would become smaller.", "Deltas would become larger."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?\n1. Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.\n2. Beaches would form from different materials.\n3. Sand dunes would become smaller.\n4. Deltas would become larger.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?", "choices": {"text": ["Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.", "Beaches would form from different materials.", "Sand dunes would become smaller.", "Deltas would become larger."], "label": ["D", "I", "L", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?\nD. Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.\nI. Beaches would form from different materials.\nL. Sand dunes would become smaller.\nT. Deltas would become larger.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?", "choices": {"text": ["Beaches would form from different materials.", "Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.", "Sand dunes would become smaller.", "Deltas would become larger."], "label": ["D", "I", "L", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A beach is formed when sediment is deposited along a shoreline. What would most likely happen if rivers that empty into the ocean were dammed?\nD. Beaches would form from different materials.\nI. Less sediment would be deposited along the shoreline.\nL. Sand dunes would become smaller.\nT. Deltas would become larger.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2939}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_403912", "question": "Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is", "choices": {"text": ["solid.", "liquid.", "gas.", "plasma."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is\nA. solid.\nB. liquid.\nC. gas.\nD. plasma.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is", "choices": {"text": ["plasma.", "gas.", "liquid.", "solid."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is\nA. plasma.\nB. gas.\nC. liquid.\nD. solid.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is", "choices": {"text": ["solid.", "liquid.", "gas.", "plasma."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is\n1. solid.\n2. liquid.\n3. gas.\n4. plasma.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is", "choices": {"text": ["solid.", "liquid.", "gas.", "plasma."], "label": ["P", "V", "E", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is\nP. solid.\nV. liquid.\nE. gas.\nY. plasma.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is", "choices": {"text": ["plasma.", "gas.", "liquid.", "solid."], "label": ["P", "V", "E", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is\nP. plasma.\nV. gas.\nE. liquid.\nY. solid.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2940}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7009853", "question": "The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by", "choices": {"text": ["measuring its red shift.", "the gravity it exerts.", "contrasting it against nearby stars.", "observing its motion across the sky."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by\nA. measuring its red shift.\nB. the gravity it exerts.\nC. contrasting it against nearby stars.\nD. observing its motion across the sky.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by", "choices": {"text": ["the gravity it exerts.", "contrasting it against nearby stars.", "observing its motion across the sky.", "measuring its red shift."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by\nA. the gravity it exerts.\nB. contrasting it against nearby stars.\nC. observing its motion across the sky.\nD. measuring its red shift.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by", "choices": {"text": ["measuring its red shift.", "the gravity it exerts.", "contrasting it against nearby stars.", "observing its motion across the sky."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by\n1. measuring its red shift.\n2. the gravity it exerts.\n3. contrasting it against nearby stars.\n4. observing its motion across the sky.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by", "choices": {"text": ["measuring its red shift.", "the gravity it exerts.", "contrasting it against nearby stars.", "observing its motion across the sky."], "label": ["S", "C", "Y", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by\nS. measuring its red shift.\nC. the gravity it exerts.\nY. contrasting it against nearby stars.\nV. observing its motion across the sky.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by", "choices": {"text": ["the gravity it exerts.", "contrasting it against nearby stars.", "observing its motion across the sky.", "measuring its red shift."], "label": ["S", "C", "Y", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The speed and general direction of motion of a galaxy relative to the Earth can be determined by\nS. the gravity it exerts.\nC. contrasting it against nearby stars.\nY. observing its motion across the sky.\nV. measuring its red shift.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2941}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10020", "question": "What are the three common states of matter?", "choices": {"text": ["liquid, gas, vapor", "gas, liquid, fluid", "solid, gas, liquid", "solid, vapor, liquid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are the three common states of matter?\nA. liquid, gas, vapor\nB. gas, liquid, fluid\nC. solid, gas, liquid\nD. solid, vapor, liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What are the three common states of matter?", "choices": {"text": ["solid, gas, liquid", "liquid, gas, vapor", "gas, liquid, fluid", "solid, vapor, liquid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are the three common states of matter?\nA. solid, gas, liquid\nB. liquid, gas, vapor\nC. gas, liquid, fluid\nD. solid, vapor, liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What are the three common states of matter?", "choices": {"text": ["liquid, gas, vapor", "gas, liquid, fluid", "solid, gas, liquid", "solid, vapor, liquid"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are the three common states of matter?\n1. liquid, gas, vapor\n2. gas, liquid, fluid\n3. solid, gas, liquid\n4. solid, vapor, liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What are the three common states of matter?", "choices": {"text": ["liquid, gas, vapor", "gas, liquid, fluid", "solid, gas, liquid", "solid, vapor, liquid"], "label": ["Q", "C", "P", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are the three common states of matter?\nQ. liquid, gas, vapor\nC. gas, liquid, fluid\nP. solid, gas, liquid\nI. solid, vapor, liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What are the three common states of matter?", "choices": {"text": ["solid, gas, liquid", "liquid, gas, vapor", "gas, liquid, fluid", "solid, vapor, liquid"], "label": ["Q", "C", "P", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are the three common states of matter?\nQ. solid, gas, liquid\nC. liquid, gas, vapor\nP. gas, liquid, fluid\nI. solid, vapor, liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2942}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2013_8_2", "question": "What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["to absorb water into a cell", "to provide energy for a cell", "to remove wastes from a cell", "to store materials in a cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?\nA. to absorb water into a cell\nB. to provide energy for a cell\nC. to remove wastes from a cell\nD. to store materials in a cell\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["to provide energy for a cell", "to store materials in a cell", "to absorb water into a cell", "to remove wastes from a cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?\nA. to provide energy for a cell\nB. to store materials in a cell\nC. to absorb water into a cell\nD. to remove wastes from a cell\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["to absorb water into a cell", "to provide energy for a cell", "to remove wastes from a cell", "to store materials in a cell"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?\n1. to absorb water into a cell\n2. to provide energy for a cell\n3. to remove wastes from a cell\n4. to store materials in a cell\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["to absorb water into a cell", "to provide energy for a cell", "to remove wastes from a cell", "to store materials in a cell"], "label": ["Q", "X", "E", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?\nQ. to absorb water into a cell\nX. to provide energy for a cell\nE. to remove wastes from a cell\nT. to store materials in a cell\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["to provide energy for a cell", "to store materials in a cell", "to absorb water into a cell", "to remove wastes from a cell"], "label": ["Q", "X", "E", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary reason for breaking down food molecules?\nQ. to provide energy for a cell\nX. to store materials in a cell\nE. to absorb water into a cell\nT. to remove wastes from a cell\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2943}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7068688", "question": "Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a", "choices": {"text": ["low pH level.", "low sand content.", "high organic matter level.", "high parent rock material level."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a\nA. low pH level.\nB. low sand content.\nC. high organic matter level.\nD. high parent rock material level.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a", "choices": {"text": ["high parent rock material level.", "high organic matter level.", "low pH level.", "low sand content."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a\nA. high parent rock material level.\nB. high organic matter level.\nC. low pH level.\nD. low sand content.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a", "choices": {"text": ["low pH level.", "low sand content.", "high organic matter level.", "high parent rock material level."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a\n1. low pH level.\n2. low sand content.\n3. high organic matter level.\n4. high parent rock material level.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a", "choices": {"text": ["low pH level.", "low sand content.", "high organic matter level.", "high parent rock material level."], "label": ["R", "Y", "L", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a\nR. low pH level.\nY. low sand content.\nL. high organic matter level.\nK. high parent rock material level.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a", "choices": {"text": ["high parent rock material level.", "high organic matter level.", "low pH level.", "low sand content."], "label": ["R", "Y", "L", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Topsoil is considered to be most fertile when it has a\nR. high parent rock material level.\nY. high organic matter level.\nL. low pH level.\nK. low sand content.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2944}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7271705", "question": "When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?", "choices": {"text": ["lead", "arsenic", "mercury", "aluminum"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?\nA. lead\nB. arsenic\nC. mercury\nD. aluminum\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?", "choices": {"text": ["aluminum", "mercury", "arsenic", "lead"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?\nA. aluminum\nB. mercury\nC. arsenic\nD. lead\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?", "choices": {"text": ["lead", "arsenic", "mercury", "aluminum"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?\n1. lead\n2. arsenic\n3. mercury\n4. aluminum\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?", "choices": {"text": ["lead", "arsenic", "mercury", "aluminum"], "label": ["J", "X", "N", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?\nJ. lead\nX. arsenic\nN. mercury\nQ. aluminum\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?", "choices": {"text": ["aluminum", "mercury", "arsenic", "lead"], "label": ["J", "X", "N", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: When chemicals in the atmosphere dissolve in water droplets, they precipitate with the water and pollute water reservoirs on Earth. The pollutants enter the food chain when aquatic organisms absorb them. Which of these pollutants eventually contaminates fish after coal is burned?\nJ. aluminum\nX. mercury\nN. arsenic\nQ. lead\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2945}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_402456", "question": "An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?", "choices": {"text": ["It has twice as many protons as electrons.", "It has twice as many neutrons as protons.", "It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.", "It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?\nA. It has twice as many protons as electrons.\nB. It has twice as many neutrons as protons.\nC. It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.\nD. It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?", "choices": {"text": ["It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons.", "It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.", "It has twice as many neutrons as protons.", "It has twice as many protons as electrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?\nA. It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons.\nB. It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.\nC. It has twice as many neutrons as protons.\nD. It has twice as many protons as electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?", "choices": {"text": ["It has twice as many protons as electrons.", "It has twice as many neutrons as protons.", "It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.", "It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?\n1. It has twice as many protons as electrons.\n2. It has twice as many neutrons as protons.\n3. It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.\n4. It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?", "choices": {"text": ["It has twice as many protons as electrons.", "It has twice as many neutrons as protons.", "It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.", "It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons."], "label": ["B", "Q", "J", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?\nB. It has twice as many protons as electrons.\nQ. It has twice as many neutrons as protons.\nJ. It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.\nN. It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?", "choices": {"text": ["It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons.", "It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.", "It has twice as many neutrons as protons.", "It has twice as many protons as electrons."], "label": ["B", "Q", "J", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: An atom has a mass of 24 and a nuclear charge of 12. Which statement about the atom is accurate?\nB. It has equal numbers of nuclear particles and electrons.\nQ. It has equal numbers of neutrons and protons.\nJ. It has twice as many neutrons as protons.\nN. It has twice as many protons as electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2946}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_8_6", "question": "Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?", "choices": {"text": ["biomass", "coal", "gas", "oil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?\nA. biomass\nB. coal\nC. gas\nD. oil\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?", "choices": {"text": ["gas", "coal", "oil", "biomass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?\nA. gas\nB. coal\nC. oil\nD. biomass\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?", "choices": {"text": ["biomass", "coal", "gas", "oil"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?\n1. biomass\n2. coal\n3. gas\n4. oil\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?", "choices": {"text": ["biomass", "coal", "gas", "oil"], "label": ["I", "G", "U", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?\nI. biomass\nG. coal\nU. gas\nH. oil\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?", "choices": {"text": ["gas", "coal", "oil", "biomass"], "label": ["I", "G", "U", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a renewable energy resource?\nI. gas\nG. coal\nU. oil\nH. biomass\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2947}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7230178", "question": "The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?", "choices": {"text": ["initiation of nuclear fusion", "increase in noble gas destabilization", "increase in thermal energy", "initiation of photosynthesis reactions"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?\nA. initiation of nuclear fusion\nB. increase in noble gas destabilization\nC. increase in thermal energy\nD. initiation of photosynthesis reactions\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?", "choices": {"text": ["initiation of photosynthesis reactions", "initiation of nuclear fusion", "increase in noble gas destabilization", "increase in thermal energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?\nA. initiation of photosynthesis reactions\nB. initiation of nuclear fusion\nC. increase in noble gas destabilization\nD. increase in thermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?", "choices": {"text": ["initiation of nuclear fusion", "increase in noble gas destabilization", "increase in thermal energy", "initiation of photosynthesis reactions"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?\n1. initiation of nuclear fusion\n2. increase in noble gas destabilization\n3. increase in thermal energy\n4. initiation of photosynthesis reactions\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?", "choices": {"text": ["initiation of nuclear fusion", "increase in noble gas destabilization", "increase in thermal energy", "initiation of photosynthesis reactions"], "label": ["R", "Z", "O", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?\nR. initiation of nuclear fusion\nZ. increase in noble gas destabilization\nO. increase in thermal energy\nE. initiation of photosynthesis reactions\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?", "choices": {"text": ["initiation of photosynthesis reactions", "initiation of nuclear fusion", "increase in noble gas destabilization", "increase in thermal energy"], "label": ["R", "Z", "O", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: The compression of matter due to gravitational attraction increased as the protoplanets formed. What was a result of this compression within each protoplanet?\nR. initiation of photosynthesis reactions\nZ. initiation of nuclear fusion\nO. increase in noble gas destabilization\nE. increase in thermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2948}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7215233", "question": "The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in flooding downstream", "an increase in regional humidity", "a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems", "a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?\nA. an increase in flooding downstream\nB. an increase in regional humidity\nC. a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems\nD. a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation", "an increase in regional humidity", "an increase in flooding downstream", "a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?\nA. a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation\nB. an increase in regional humidity\nC. an increase in flooding downstream\nD. a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in flooding downstream", "an increase in regional humidity", "a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems", "a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?\n1. an increase in flooding downstream\n2. an increase in regional humidity\n3. a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems\n4. a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in flooding downstream", "an increase in regional humidity", "a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems", "a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation"], "label": ["C", "J", "B", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?\nC. an increase in flooding downstream\nJ. an increase in regional humidity\nB. a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems\nY. a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation", "an increase in regional humidity", "an increase in flooding downstream", "a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems"], "label": ["C", "J", "B", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River resulted in abundant freshwater and electrical power for the region. Which of these is a disadvantage of the construction of Hoover Dam?\nC. a decrease in the amount of water for irrigation\nJ. an increase in regional humidity\nB. an increase in flooding downstream\nY. a decrease in the amount of river ecosystems\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2949}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415535", "question": "If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?", "choices": {"text": ["32°C", "100°C", "200°C", "212°C"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?\nA. 32°C\nB. 100°C\nC. 200°C\nD. 212°C\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?", "choices": {"text": ["32°C", "212°C", "200°C", "100°C"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?\nA. 32°C\nB. 212°C\nC. 200°C\nD. 100°C\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?", "choices": {"text": ["32°C", "100°C", "200°C", "212°C"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?\n1. 32°C\n2. 100°C\n3. 200°C\n4. 212°C\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?", "choices": {"text": ["32°C", "100°C", "200°C", "212°C"], "label": ["X", "D", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?\nX. 32°C\nD. 100°C\nU. 200°C\nJ. 212°C\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?", "choices": {"text": ["32°C", "212°C", "200°C", "100°C"], "label": ["X", "D", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: If you place a thermometer into a glass of boiling water, what temperature should the thermometer read?\nX. 32°C\nD. 212°C\nU. 200°C\nJ. 100°C\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2950}
{"arc_id": "CSZ_2008_8_29", "question": "What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.", "Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.", "Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.", "Carbon exists in radioactive forms."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?\nA. Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.\nB. Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.\nC. Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.\nD. Carbon exists in radioactive forms.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.", "Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.", "Carbon exists in radioactive forms.", "Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?\nA. Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.\nB. Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.\nC. Carbon exists in radioactive forms.\nD. Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.", "Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.", "Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.", "Carbon exists in radioactive forms."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?\n1. Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.\n2. Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.\n3. Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.\n4. Carbon exists in radioactive forms.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.", "Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.", "Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.", "Carbon exists in radioactive forms."], "label": ["G", "J", "S", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?\nG. Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.\nJ. Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.\nS. Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.\nD. Carbon exists in radioactive forms.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.", "Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.", "Carbon exists in radioactive forms.", "Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions."], "label": ["G", "J", "S", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What characteristic of carbon [C] makes it essential to living organisms?\nG. Carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.\nJ. Carbon can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas.\nS. Carbon exists in radioactive forms.\nD. Carbon forms crystal structures under certain conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2951}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2012_5_28", "question": "Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?", "choices": {"text": ["a fossil", "a description", "a photograph", "a cave drawing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?\nA. a fossil\nB. a description\nC. a photograph\nD. a cave drawing\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?", "choices": {"text": ["a cave drawing", "a photograph", "a fossil", "a description"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?\nA. a cave drawing\nB. a photograph\nC. a fossil\nD. a description\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?", "choices": {"text": ["a fossil", "a description", "a photograph", "a cave drawing"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?\n1. a fossil\n2. a description\n3. a photograph\n4. a cave drawing\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?", "choices": {"text": ["a fossil", "a description", "a photograph", "a cave drawing"], "label": ["R", "P", "W", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?\nR. a fossil\nP. a description\nW. a photograph\nU. a cave drawing\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?", "choices": {"text": ["a cave drawing", "a photograph", "a fossil", "a description"], "label": ["R", "P", "W", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found evidence of a fish that lived millions of years ago. The fish had features that were possibly used to move on land. This fish is now extinct. What scientific evidence did the scientists most likely find that confirmed the existence of this fish?\nR. a cave drawing\nP. a photograph\nW. a fossil\nU. a description\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2952}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2010_8_12008", "question": "What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?", "choices": {"text": ["a nucleus", "a molecule", "an element", "an atom"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?\nA. a nucleus\nB. a molecule\nC. an element\nD. an atom\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?", "choices": {"text": ["an element", "an atom", "a nucleus", "a molecule"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?\nA. an element\nB. an atom\nC. a nucleus\nD. a molecule\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?", "choices": {"text": ["a nucleus", "a molecule", "an element", "an atom"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?\n1. a nucleus\n2. a molecule\n3. an element\n4. an atom\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?", "choices": {"text": ["a nucleus", "a molecule", "an element", "an atom"], "label": ["G", "U", "C", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?\nG. a nucleus\nU. a molecule\nC. an element\nV. an atom\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?", "choices": {"text": ["an element", "an atom", "a nucleus", "a molecule"], "label": ["G", "U", "C", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest unit of a chemical compound that still has the properties of that compound?\nG. an element\nU. an atom\nC. a nucleus\nV. a molecule\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2953}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406724", "question": "A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?", "choices": {"text": ["height of the plants", "weight of the soil", "amount of water used", "temperature of the room"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?\nA. height of the plants\nB. weight of the soil\nC. amount of water used\nD. temperature of the room\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature of the room", "height of the plants", "weight of the soil", "amount of water used"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?\nA. temperature of the room\nB. height of the plants\nC. weight of the soil\nD. amount of water used\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?", "choices": {"text": ["height of the plants", "weight of the soil", "amount of water used", "temperature of the room"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?\n1. height of the plants\n2. weight of the soil\n3. amount of water used\n4. temperature of the room\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?", "choices": {"text": ["height of the plants", "weight of the soil", "amount of water used", "temperature of the room"], "label": ["S", "X", "F", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?\nS. height of the plants\nX. weight of the soil\nF. amount of water used\nD. temperature of the room\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature of the room", "height of the plants", "weight of the soil", "amount of water used"], "label": ["S", "X", "F", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating in which type of soil a plant will grow best. Which should the student measure to answer the question?\nS. temperature of the room\nX. height of the plants\nF. weight of the soil\nD. amount of water used\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2954}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_8_pg33", "question": "An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?", "choices": {"text": ["a fish", "a reptile", "a mammal", "an amphibian"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?\nA. a fish\nB. a reptile\nC. a mammal\nD. an amphibian\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?", "choices": {"text": ["an amphibian", "a fish", "a mammal", "a reptile"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?\nA. an amphibian\nB. a fish\nC. a mammal\nD. a reptile\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?", "choices": {"text": ["a fish", "a reptile", "a mammal", "an amphibian"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?\n1. a fish\n2. a reptile\n3. a mammal\n4. an amphibian\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?", "choices": {"text": ["a fish", "a reptile", "a mammal", "an amphibian"], "label": ["X", "S", "N", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?\nX. a fish\nS. a reptile\nN. a mammal\nU. an amphibian\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?", "choices": {"text": ["an amphibian", "a fish", "a mammal", "a reptile"], "label": ["X", "S", "N", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: An animal has scales and uses only its lungs to exchange gases. What is the animal most likely to be classified as?\nX. an amphibian\nS. a fish\nN. a mammal\nU. a reptile\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2955}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7004988", "question": "How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?", "choices": {"text": ["They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?\nA. They are both formed by erosion.\nB. They are both formed from cooled lava.\nC. Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.\nD. Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?", "choices": {"text": ["Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?\nA. Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock.\nB. Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.\nC. They are both formed by erosion.\nD. They are both formed from cooled lava.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?", "choices": {"text": ["They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?\n1. They are both formed by erosion.\n2. They are both formed from cooled lava.\n3. Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.\n4. Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?", "choices": {"text": ["They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock."], "label": ["P", "N", "W", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?\nP. They are both formed by erosion.\nN. They are both formed from cooled lava.\nW. Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.\nZ. Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?", "choices": {"text": ["Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava."], "label": ["P", "N", "W", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?\nP. Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock.\nN. Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.\nW. They are both formed by erosion.\nZ. They are both formed from cooled lava.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2956}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10946", "question": "When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?", "choices": {"text": ["The dominant trait will be visible.", "The recessive trait will be visible.", "Neither trait will be visible.", "It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?\nA. The dominant trait will be visible.\nB. The recessive trait will be visible.\nC. Neither trait will be visible.\nD. It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?", "choices": {"text": ["The recessive trait will be visible.", "Neither trait will be visible.", "The dominant trait will be visible.", "It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?\nA. The recessive trait will be visible.\nB. Neither trait will be visible.\nC. The dominant trait will be visible.\nD. It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?", "choices": {"text": ["The dominant trait will be visible.", "The recessive trait will be visible.", "Neither trait will be visible.", "It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?\n1. The dominant trait will be visible.\n2. The recessive trait will be visible.\n3. Neither trait will be visible.\n4. It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?", "choices": {"text": ["The dominant trait will be visible.", "The recessive trait will be visible.", "Neither trait will be visible.", "It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible."], "label": ["V", "W", "D", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?\nV. The dominant trait will be visible.\nW. The recessive trait will be visible.\nD. Neither trait will be visible.\nI. It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?", "choices": {"text": ["The recessive trait will be visible.", "Neither trait will be visible.", "The dominant trait will be visible.", "It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible."], "label": ["V", "W", "D", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: When both a dominant and recessive gene are present, which of the following is true?\nV. The recessive trait will be visible.\nW. Neither trait will be visible.\nD. The dominant trait will be visible.\nI. It cannot be predicted which trait will be visible.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2957}
{"arc_id": "TAKS_2009_8_39", "question": "Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["predation", "seed distribution", "competition", "seed fossilization"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of\nA. predation\nB. seed distribution\nC. competition\nD. seed fossilization\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["competition", "predation", "seed fossilization", "seed distribution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of\nA. competition\nB. predation\nC. seed fossilization\nD. seed distribution\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["predation", "seed distribution", "competition", "seed fossilization"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of\n1. predation\n2. seed distribution\n3. competition\n4. seed fossilization\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["predation", "seed distribution", "competition", "seed fossilization"], "label": ["Y", "Q", "B", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of\nY. predation\nQ. seed distribution\nB. competition\nV. seed fossilization\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["competition", "predation", "seed fossilization", "seed distribution"], "label": ["Y", "Q", "B", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Squirrels in cold climates gather and store food for winter. The squirrels sometimes bury nuts and then do not return for them. These nuts can grow to become trees. This chain of events is an example of\nY. competition\nQ. predation\nB. seed fossilization\nV. seed distribution\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2958}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408357", "question": "Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "height", "temperature", "volume"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?\nA. density\nB. height\nC. temperature\nD. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["volume", "height", "temperature", "density"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?\nA. volume\nB. height\nC. temperature\nD. density\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "height", "temperature", "volume"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?\n1. density\n2. height\n3. temperature\n4. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "height", "temperature", "volume"], "label": ["X", "D", "N", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?\nX. density\nD. height\nN. temperature\nT. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["volume", "height", "temperature", "density"], "label": ["X", "D", "N", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Kurt drinks frozen fruit juice from a small cup. He measures the amount of fruit juice in the cup. Which property is Kurt measuring?\nX. volume\nD. height\nN. temperature\nT. density\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2959}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_178710", "question": "A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to", "choices": {"text": ["decrease effort.", "decrease work.", "change direction.", "change resistance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to\nA. decrease effort.\nB. decrease work.\nC. change direction.\nD. change resistance.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to", "choices": {"text": ["decrease effort.", "change direction.", "decrease work.", "change resistance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to\nA. decrease effort.\nB. change direction.\nC. decrease work.\nD. change resistance.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to", "choices": {"text": ["decrease effort.", "decrease work.", "change direction.", "change resistance."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to\n1. decrease effort.\n2. decrease work.\n3. change direction.\n4. change resistance.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to", "choices": {"text": ["decrease effort.", "decrease work.", "change direction.", "change resistance."], "label": ["E", "A", "B", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to\nE. decrease effort.\nA. decrease work.\nB. change direction.\nW. change resistance.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to", "choices": {"text": ["decrease effort.", "change direction.", "decrease work.", "change resistance."], "label": ["E", "A", "B", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A simple machine that has a mechanical advantage equal to 1 would most likely be used to\nE. decrease effort.\nA. change direction.\nB. decrease work.\nW. change resistance.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2960}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_410598", "question": "Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?", "choices": {"text": ["atoms", "electrons", "neutrons", "protons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?\nA. atoms\nB. electrons\nC. neutrons\nD. protons\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?", "choices": {"text": ["atoms", "protons", "electrons", "neutrons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?\nA. atoms\nB. protons\nC. electrons\nD. neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?", "choices": {"text": ["atoms", "electrons", "neutrons", "protons"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?\n1. atoms\n2. electrons\n3. neutrons\n4. protons\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?", "choices": {"text": ["atoms", "electrons", "neutrons", "protons"], "label": ["I", "P", "S", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?\nI. atoms\nP. electrons\nS. neutrons\nA. protons\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?", "choices": {"text": ["atoms", "protons", "electrons", "neutrons"], "label": ["I", "P", "S", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Roberto is sliding down a plastic slide on the playground. After he reaches the ground, he feels a small electric shock when he touches a piece of metal. What has been built up on his body that causes the shock?\nI. atoms\nP. protons\nS. electrons\nA. neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2961}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_4_pg15", "question": "Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["grains of sand", "lumps of clay", "layers of gravel", "decaying plants and animals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?\nA. grains of sand\nB. lumps of clay\nC. layers of gravel\nD. decaying plants and animals\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["layers of gravel", "grains of sand", "decaying plants and animals", "lumps of clay"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?\nA. layers of gravel\nB. grains of sand\nC. decaying plants and animals\nD. lumps of clay\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["grains of sand", "lumps of clay", "layers of gravel", "decaying plants and animals"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?\n1. grains of sand\n2. lumps of clay\n3. layers of gravel\n4. decaying plants and animals\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["grains of sand", "lumps of clay", "layers of gravel", "decaying plants and animals"], "label": ["Y", "F", "J", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?\nY. grains of sand\nF. lumps of clay\nJ. layers of gravel\nW. decaying plants and animals\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["layers of gravel", "grains of sand", "decaying plants and animals", "lumps of clay"], "label": ["Y", "F", "J", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants grow best in soils that are rich in which of the following?\nY. layers of gravel\nF. grains of sand\nJ. decaying plants and animals\nW. lumps of clay\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2962}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7217088", "question": "The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and", "choices": {"text": ["the initial velocity of the object.", "the forces acting on the object.", "the direction of movement of the object.", "the change in kinetic energy of the object."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and\nA. the initial velocity of the object.\nB. the forces acting on the object.\nC. the direction of movement of the object.\nD. the change in kinetic energy of the object.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and", "choices": {"text": ["the direction of movement of the object.", "the initial velocity of the object.", "the forces acting on the object.", "the change in kinetic energy of the object."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and\nA. the direction of movement of the object.\nB. the initial velocity of the object.\nC. the forces acting on the object.\nD. the change in kinetic energy of the object.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and", "choices": {"text": ["the initial velocity of the object.", "the forces acting on the object.", "the direction of movement of the object.", "the change in kinetic energy of the object."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and\n1. the initial velocity of the object.\n2. the forces acting on the object.\n3. the direction of movement of the object.\n4. the change in kinetic energy of the object.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and", "choices": {"text": ["the initial velocity of the object.", "the forces acting on the object.", "the direction of movement of the object.", "the change in kinetic energy of the object."], "label": ["A", "U", "Y", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and\nA. the initial velocity of the object.\nU. the forces acting on the object.\nY. the direction of movement of the object.\nI. the change in kinetic energy of the object.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and", "choices": {"text": ["the direction of movement of the object.", "the initial velocity of the object.", "the forces acting on the object.", "the change in kinetic energy of the object."], "label": ["A", "U", "Y", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rate of acceleration of an object is determined by the mass of the object and\nA. the direction of movement of the object.\nU. the initial velocity of the object.\nY. the forces acting on the object.\nI. the change in kinetic energy of the object.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2963}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7143360", "question": "Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?", "choices": {"text": ["wave action", "wind erosion", "tensional faulting", "chemical weathering"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?\nA. wave action\nB. wind erosion\nC. tensional faulting\nD. chemical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical weathering", "wave action", "tensional faulting", "wind erosion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?\nA. chemical weathering\nB. wave action\nC. tensional faulting\nD. wind erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?", "choices": {"text": ["wave action", "wind erosion", "tensional faulting", "chemical weathering"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?\n1. wave action\n2. wind erosion\n3. tensional faulting\n4. chemical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?", "choices": {"text": ["wave action", "wind erosion", "tensional faulting", "chemical weathering"], "label": ["E", "Z", "A", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?\nE. wave action\nZ. wind erosion\nA. tensional faulting\nF. chemical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical weathering", "wave action", "tensional faulting", "wind erosion"], "label": ["E", "Z", "A", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?\nE. chemical weathering\nZ. wave action\nA. tensional faulting\nF. wind erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2964}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2012_8_23645", "question": "Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?", "choices": {"text": ["Rubber is durable.", "Rubber is lightweight.", "Rubber is dark in color.", "Rubber is quickly produced."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?\nA. Rubber is durable.\nB. Rubber is lightweight.\nC. Rubber is dark in color.\nD. Rubber is quickly produced.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?", "choices": {"text": ["Rubber is quickly produced.", "Rubber is durable.", "Rubber is dark in color.", "Rubber is lightweight."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?\nA. Rubber is quickly produced.\nB. Rubber is durable.\nC. Rubber is dark in color.\nD. Rubber is lightweight.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?", "choices": {"text": ["Rubber is durable.", "Rubber is lightweight.", "Rubber is dark in color.", "Rubber is quickly produced."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?\n1. Rubber is durable.\n2. Rubber is lightweight.\n3. Rubber is dark in color.\n4. Rubber is quickly produced.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?", "choices": {"text": ["Rubber is durable.", "Rubber is lightweight.", "Rubber is dark in color.", "Rubber is quickly produced."], "label": ["J", "X", "E", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?\nJ. Rubber is durable.\nX. Rubber is lightweight.\nE. Rubber is dark in color.\nD. Rubber is quickly produced.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?", "choices": {"text": ["Rubber is quickly produced.", "Rubber is durable.", "Rubber is dark in color.", "Rubber is lightweight."], "label": ["J", "X", "E", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Leather basketballs are made for indoor use on smooth surfaces. Rubber basketballs are made for use on many different surfaces. Which of the following properties of rubber makes it better than leather for use on many different surfaces?\nJ. Rubber is quickly produced.\nX. Rubber is durable.\nE. Rubber is dark in color.\nD. Rubber is lightweight.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2965}
{"arc_id": "LEAP__4_10228", "question": "On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it", "choices": {"text": ["has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it\nA. has an odor.\nB. has separate parts.\nC. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.\nD. carries out basic life functions.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it", "choices": {"text": ["carries out basic life functions.", "has separate parts.", "has an odor.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it\nA. carries out basic life functions.\nB. has separate parts.\nC. has an odor.\nD. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it", "choices": {"text": ["has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it\n1. has an odor.\n2. has separate parts.\n3. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.\n4. carries out basic life functions.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it", "choices": {"text": ["has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions."], "label": ["X", "B", "G", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it\nX. has an odor.\nB. has separate parts.\nG. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.\nR. carries out basic life functions.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it", "choices": {"text": ["carries out basic life functions.", "has separate parts.", "has an odor.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color."], "label": ["X", "B", "G", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it\nX. carries out basic life functions.\nB. has separate parts.\nG. has an odor.\nR. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2966}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2012_8_29", "question": "Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it", "choices": {"text": ["reduces air pollution", "increases biodiversity", "reduces sound pollution", "increases ozone emissions"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it\nA. reduces air pollution\nB. increases biodiversity\nC. reduces sound pollution\nD. increases ozone emissions\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it", "choices": {"text": ["increases ozone emissions", "increases biodiversity", "reduces air pollution", "reduces sound pollution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it\nA. increases ozone emissions\nB. increases biodiversity\nC. reduces air pollution\nD. reduces sound pollution\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it", "choices": {"text": ["reduces air pollution", "increases biodiversity", "reduces sound pollution", "increases ozone emissions"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it\n1. reduces air pollution\n2. increases biodiversity\n3. reduces sound pollution\n4. increases ozone emissions\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it", "choices": {"text": ["reduces air pollution", "increases biodiversity", "reduces sound pollution", "increases ozone emissions"], "label": ["D", "P", "F", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it\nD. reduces air pollution\nP. increases biodiversity\nF. reduces sound pollution\nE. increases ozone emissions\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it", "choices": {"text": ["increases ozone emissions", "increases biodiversity", "reduces air pollution", "reduces sound pollution"], "label": ["D", "P", "F", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ethanol is a type of alcohol made from plants. Sugarcane and corn, which are both used in foods such as cereals and breads, are used to make ethanol. Burning ethanol provides a clean source of energy because the products of ethanol are water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, mixing ethanol with gasoline reduces harmful waste products. In the 1970s, many Brazilians drove cars with engines that used an ethanol gasoline mixture. This alternative fuel conserved the limited supply of gasoline available at that time. In the 1990s, gasoline became cheaper than ethanol, and Brazilians returned to driving more gasoline-fueled cars. Recently, Brazilians started driving more cars that use an ethanol-gasoline mixture. Ethanol is a good alternative fuel because it\nD. increases ozone emissions\nP. increases biodiversity\nF. reduces air pollution\nE. reduces sound pollution\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2967}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401774", "question": "A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes", "choices": {"text": ["the whistle material to shake.", "the air inside the whistle to vibrate.", "the air to be absorbed by the whistle.", "the air in the whistle to heat up and expand."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes\nA. the whistle material to shake.\nB. the air inside the whistle to vibrate.\nC. the air to be absorbed by the whistle.\nD. the air in the whistle to heat up and expand.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes", "choices": {"text": ["the air inside the whistle to vibrate.", "the air in the whistle to heat up and expand.", "the whistle material to shake.", "the air to be absorbed by the whistle."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes\nA. the air inside the whistle to vibrate.\nB. the air in the whistle to heat up and expand.\nC. the whistle material to shake.\nD. the air to be absorbed by the whistle.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes", "choices": {"text": ["the whistle material to shake.", "the air inside the whistle to vibrate.", "the air to be absorbed by the whistle.", "the air in the whistle to heat up and expand."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes\n1. the whistle material to shake.\n2. the air inside the whistle to vibrate.\n3. the air to be absorbed by the whistle.\n4. the air in the whistle to heat up and expand.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes", "choices": {"text": ["the whistle material to shake.", "the air inside the whistle to vibrate.", "the air to be absorbed by the whistle.", "the air in the whistle to heat up and expand."], "label": ["T", "B", "E", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes\nT. the whistle material to shake.\nB. the air inside the whistle to vibrate.\nE. the air to be absorbed by the whistle.\nW. the air in the whistle to heat up and expand.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes", "choices": {"text": ["the air inside the whistle to vibrate.", "the air in the whistle to heat up and expand.", "the whistle material to shake.", "the air to be absorbed by the whistle."], "label": ["T", "B", "E", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A whistle produces a sound because blowing air in the whistle causes\nT. the air inside the whistle to vibrate.\nB. the air in the whistle to heat up and expand.\nE. the whistle material to shake.\nW. the air to be absorbed by the whistle.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2968}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg14", "question": "Each year the Earth moves once around", "choices": {"text": ["Mars", "the Sun", "the Moon", "all the other planets"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Each year the Earth moves once around\nA. Mars\nB. the Sun\nC. the Moon\nD. all the other planets\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Each year the Earth moves once around", "choices": {"text": ["all the other planets", "the Moon", "Mars", "the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Each year the Earth moves once around\nA. all the other planets\nB. the Moon\nC. Mars\nD. the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Each year the Earth moves once around", "choices": {"text": ["Mars", "the Sun", "the Moon", "all the other planets"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Each year the Earth moves once around\n1. Mars\n2. the Sun\n3. the Moon\n4. all the other planets\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Each year the Earth moves once around", "choices": {"text": ["Mars", "the Sun", "the Moon", "all the other planets"], "label": ["J", "V", "C", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Each year the Earth moves once around\nJ. Mars\nV. the Sun\nC. the Moon\nU. all the other planets\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Each year the Earth moves once around", "choices": {"text": ["all the other planets", "the Moon", "Mars", "the Sun"], "label": ["J", "V", "C", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Each year the Earth moves once around\nJ. all the other planets\nV. the Moon\nC. Mars\nU. the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2969}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2008_7_13", "question": "According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["inertia", "energy", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?\nA. inertia\nB. energy\nC. friction\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "friction", "energy", "inertia"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?\nA. magnetism\nB. friction\nC. energy\nD. inertia\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["inertia", "energy", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?\n1. inertia\n2. energy\n3. friction\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["inertia", "energy", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["R", "K", "O", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?\nR. inertia\nK. energy\nO. friction\nZ. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "friction", "energy", "inertia"], "label": ["R", "K", "O", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to Newton's first law of motion, what counteracts gravity to keep a satellite in orbit?\nR. magnetism\nK. friction\nO. energy\nZ. inertia\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2970}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416096", "question": "How do plants get water and minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["absorbed from the soil though the roots", "absorbed from the soil through the stem", "absorbed from the air through the flowers", "absorbed from the air through the leaves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do plants get water and minerals?\nA. absorbed from the soil though the roots\nB. absorbed from the soil through the stem\nC. absorbed from the air through the flowers\nD. absorbed from the air through the leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How do plants get water and minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["absorbed from the air through the leaves", "absorbed from the soil through the stem", "absorbed from the air through the flowers", "absorbed from the soil though the roots"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do plants get water and minerals?\nA. absorbed from the air through the leaves\nB. absorbed from the soil through the stem\nC. absorbed from the air through the flowers\nD. absorbed from the soil though the roots\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How do plants get water and minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["absorbed from the soil though the roots", "absorbed from the soil through the stem", "absorbed from the air through the flowers", "absorbed from the air through the leaves"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do plants get water and minerals?\n1. absorbed from the soil though the roots\n2. absorbed from the soil through the stem\n3. absorbed from the air through the flowers\n4. absorbed from the air through the leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do plants get water and minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["absorbed from the soil though the roots", "absorbed from the soil through the stem", "absorbed from the air through the flowers", "absorbed from the air through the leaves"], "label": ["A", "D", "W", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do plants get water and minerals?\nA. absorbed from the soil though the roots\nD. absorbed from the soil through the stem\nW. absorbed from the air through the flowers\nN. absorbed from the air through the leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do plants get water and minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["absorbed from the air through the leaves", "absorbed from the soil through the stem", "absorbed from the air through the flowers", "absorbed from the soil though the roots"], "label": ["A", "D", "W", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do plants get water and minerals?\nA. absorbed from the air through the leaves\nD. absorbed from the soil through the stem\nW. absorbed from the air through the flowers\nN. absorbed from the soil though the roots\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2971}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_12", "question": "A cell's chromosomes contain", "choices": {"text": ["genes", "chlorophyll", "sperm", "eggs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell's chromosomes contain\nA. genes\nB. chlorophyll\nC. sperm\nD. eggs\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell's chromosomes contain", "choices": {"text": ["chlorophyll", "genes", "sperm", "eggs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell's chromosomes contain\nA. chlorophyll\nB. genes\nC. sperm\nD. eggs\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell's chromosomes contain", "choices": {"text": ["genes", "chlorophyll", "sperm", "eggs"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell's chromosomes contain\n1. genes\n2. chlorophyll\n3. sperm\n4. eggs\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell's chromosomes contain", "choices": {"text": ["genes", "chlorophyll", "sperm", "eggs"], "label": ["C", "S", "W", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell's chromosomes contain\nC. genes\nS. chlorophyll\nW. sperm\nK. eggs\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell's chromosomes contain", "choices": {"text": ["chlorophyll", "genes", "sperm", "eggs"], "label": ["C", "S", "W", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell's chromosomes contain\nC. chlorophyll\nS. genes\nW. sperm\nK. eggs\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2972}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7222845", "question": "Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?", "choices": {"text": ["Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight.", "A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.", "An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.", "The average amount of annual precipitation decreases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?\nA. Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight.\nB. A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.\nC. An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.\nD. The average amount of annual precipitation decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?", "choices": {"text": ["The average amount of annual precipitation decreases.", "An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.", "A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.", "Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?\nA. The average amount of annual precipitation decreases.\nB. An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.\nC. A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.\nD. Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?", "choices": {"text": ["Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight.", "A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.", "An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.", "The average amount of annual precipitation decreases."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?\n1. Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight.\n2. A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.\n3. An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.\n4. The average amount of annual precipitation decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?", "choices": {"text": ["Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight.", "A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.", "An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.", "The average amount of annual precipitation decreases."], "label": ["S", "K", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?\nS. Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight.\nK. A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.\nZ. An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.\nW. The average amount of annual precipitation decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?", "choices": {"text": ["The average amount of annual precipitation decreases.", "An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.", "A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.", "Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight."], "label": ["S", "K", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?\nS. The average amount of annual precipitation decreases.\nK. An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form.\nZ. A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period.\nW. Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2973}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401166", "question": "Which object works best when reflecting light?", "choices": {"text": ["mirror", "camera", "binoculars", "eyeglasses"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object works best when reflecting light?\nA. mirror\nB. camera\nC. binoculars\nD. eyeglasses\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object works best when reflecting light?", "choices": {"text": ["eyeglasses", "camera", "mirror", "binoculars"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object works best when reflecting light?\nA. eyeglasses\nB. camera\nC. mirror\nD. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object works best when reflecting light?", "choices": {"text": ["mirror", "camera", "binoculars", "eyeglasses"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object works best when reflecting light?\n1. mirror\n2. camera\n3. binoculars\n4. eyeglasses\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object works best when reflecting light?", "choices": {"text": ["mirror", "camera", "binoculars", "eyeglasses"], "label": ["G", "Q", "A", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object works best when reflecting light?\nG. mirror\nQ. camera\nA. binoculars\nL. eyeglasses\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object works best when reflecting light?", "choices": {"text": ["eyeglasses", "camera", "mirror", "binoculars"], "label": ["G", "Q", "A", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object works best when reflecting light?\nG. eyeglasses\nQ. camera\nA. mirror\nL. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2974}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2005_4_10267", "question": "A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?", "choices": {"text": ["The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.", "The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.", "The toads were frightened and went into the woods.", "The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?\nA. The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.\nB. The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.\nC. The toads were frightened and went into the woods.\nD. The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?", "choices": {"text": ["The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.", "The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem.", "The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.", "The toads were frightened and went into the woods."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?\nA. The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.\nB. The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem.\nC. The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.\nD. The toads were frightened and went into the woods.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?", "choices": {"text": ["The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.", "The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.", "The toads were frightened and went into the woods.", "The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?\n1. The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.\n2. The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.\n3. The toads were frightened and went into the woods.\n4. The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?", "choices": {"text": ["The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.", "The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.", "The toads were frightened and went into the woods.", "The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem."], "label": ["M", "O", "W", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?\nM. The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.\nO. The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.\nW. The toads were frightened and went into the woods.\nS. The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?", "choices": {"text": ["The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.", "The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem.", "The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.", "The toads were frightened and went into the woods."], "label": ["M", "O", "W", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A wetland was drained to build a mall. Two years later, there were no more toads in that area. Why did the toads disappear?\nM. The toads died because toads cannot breathe out of water.\nO. The toads go their food from the wetland ecosystem.\nW. The toads were destroyed by the construction equipment.\nS. The toads were frightened and went into the woods.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2975}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2007_7_18", "question": "Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?", "choices": {"text": ["liquids", "metals", "metals and gases", "nonmetals and gases"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?\nA. liquids\nB. metals\nC. metals and gases\nD. nonmetals and gases\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?", "choices": {"text": ["metals and gases", "nonmetals and gases", "metals", "liquids"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?\nA. metals and gases\nB. nonmetals and gases\nC. metals\nD. liquids\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?", "choices": {"text": ["liquids", "metals", "metals and gases", "nonmetals and gases"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?\n1. liquids\n2. metals\n3. metals and gases\n4. nonmetals and gases\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?", "choices": {"text": ["liquids", "metals", "metals and gases", "nonmetals and gases"], "label": ["Q", "H", "U", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?\nQ. liquids\nH. metals\nU. metals and gases\nX. nonmetals and gases\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?", "choices": {"text": ["metals and gases", "nonmetals and gases", "metals", "liquids"], "label": ["Q", "H", "U", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which elements are found to the right of the zigzag line in the periodic table?\nQ. metals and gases\nH. nonmetals and gases\nU. metals\nX. liquids\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2976}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7188370", "question": "Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["an organ", "a system", "a tissue", "a cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?\nA. an organ\nB. a system\nC. a tissue\nD. a cell\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["a cell", "a system", "an organ", "a tissue"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?\nA. a cell\nB. a system\nC. an organ\nD. a tissue\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["an organ", "a system", "a tissue", "a cell"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?\n1. an organ\n2. a system\n3. a tissue\n4. a cell\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["an organ", "a system", "a tissue", "a cell"], "label": ["S", "L", "M", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?\nS. an organ\nL. a system\nM. a tissue\nT. a cell\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["a cell", "a system", "an organ", "a tissue"], "label": ["S", "L", "M", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Miranda learned how the human body carries out life functions. Which is the most basic level of organization in the human body?\nS. a cell\nL. a system\nM. an organ\nT. a tissue\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2977}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2013_5_5", "question": "Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.", "Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road.", "Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.", "Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?\nA. Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.\nB. Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road.\nC. Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.\nD. Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil.", "Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.", "Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.", "Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?\nA. Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil.\nB. Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.\nC. Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.\nD. Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.", "Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road.", "Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.", "Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?\n1. Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.\n2. Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road.\n3. Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.\n4. Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.", "Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road.", "Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.", "Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil."], "label": ["D", "P", "O", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?\nD. Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.\nP. Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road.\nO. Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.\nL. Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil.", "Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.", "Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.", "Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road."], "label": ["D", "P", "O", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pollutants, such as motor oil and gasoline, are sometimes leaked onto roads by vehicles. How do these pollutants most likely affect the environment?\nD. Winds blow the pollutants to the side of the road and harm the soil.\nP. Animals get stuck in the pollutants when they cross the road.\nO. Storms wash the pollutants into lakes and rivers.\nL. Animals become sick from licking the pollutants on the road.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2978}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_5_8", "question": "Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?", "choices": {"text": ["a ceramic dish", "a wooden block", "a short steel rod", "a new rubber hose"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?\nA. a ceramic dish\nB. a wooden block\nC. a short steel rod\nD. a new rubber hose\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?", "choices": {"text": ["a wooden block", "a short steel rod", "a new rubber hose", "a ceramic dish"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?\nA. a wooden block\nB. a short steel rod\nC. a new rubber hose\nD. a ceramic dish\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?", "choices": {"text": ["a ceramic dish", "a wooden block", "a short steel rod", "a new rubber hose"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?\n1. a ceramic dish\n2. a wooden block\n3. a short steel rod\n4. a new rubber hose\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?", "choices": {"text": ["a ceramic dish", "a wooden block", "a short steel rod", "a new rubber hose"], "label": ["S", "P", "Y", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?\nS. a ceramic dish\nP. a wooden block\nY. a short steel rod\nZ. a new rubber hose\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?", "choices": {"text": ["a wooden block", "a short steel rod", "a new rubber hose", "a ceramic dish"], "label": ["S", "P", "Y", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following objects is probably the most flexible?\nS. a wooden block\nP. a short steel rod\nY. a new rubber hose\nZ. a ceramic dish\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2979}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_184888", "question": "A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in heart rate", "an increase in body temperature", "an increase in oxygen demand", "an increase in breathing rate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?\nA. an increase in heart rate\nB. an increase in body temperature\nC. an increase in oxygen demand\nD. an increase in breathing rate\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in body temperature", "an increase in breathing rate", "an increase in oxygen demand", "an increase in heart rate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?\nA. an increase in body temperature\nB. an increase in breathing rate\nC. an increase in oxygen demand\nD. an increase in heart rate\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in heart rate", "an increase in body temperature", "an increase in oxygen demand", "an increase in breathing rate"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?\n1. an increase in heart rate\n2. an increase in body temperature\n3. an increase in oxygen demand\n4. an increase in breathing rate\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in heart rate", "an increase in body temperature", "an increase in oxygen demand", "an increase in breathing rate"], "label": ["A", "Z", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?\nA. an increase in heart rate\nZ. an increase in body temperature\nP. an increase in oxygen demand\nT. an increase in breathing rate\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in body temperature", "an increase in breathing rate", "an increase in oxygen demand", "an increase in heart rate"], "label": ["A", "Z", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student practicing for the outdoor track team begins to sweat. To what stimulus is the body responding?\nA. an increase in body temperature\nZ. an increase in breathing rate\nP. an increase in oxygen demand\nT. an increase in heart rate\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2980}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7044188", "question": "What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation of the moon", "rotation of the Sun", "revolution of the sun in the galaxy", "revolution of the earth about the sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?\nA. rotation of the moon\nB. rotation of the Sun\nC. revolution of the sun in the galaxy\nD. revolution of the earth about the sun\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation of the Sun", "revolution of the earth about the sun", "revolution of the sun in the galaxy", "rotation of the moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?\nA. rotation of the Sun\nB. revolution of the earth about the sun\nC. revolution of the sun in the galaxy\nD. rotation of the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation of the moon", "rotation of the Sun", "revolution of the sun in the galaxy", "revolution of the earth about the sun"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?\n1. rotation of the moon\n2. rotation of the Sun\n3. revolution of the sun in the galaxy\n4. revolution of the earth about the sun\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation of the moon", "rotation of the Sun", "revolution of the sun in the galaxy", "revolution of the earth about the sun"], "label": ["D", "T", "Y", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?\nD. rotation of the moon\nT. rotation of the Sun\nY. revolution of the sun in the galaxy\nA. revolution of the earth about the sun\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation of the Sun", "revolution of the earth about the sun", "revolution of the sun in the galaxy", "rotation of the moon"], "label": ["D", "T", "Y", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What repeating cycle is responsible for the four seasons that occur on Earth?\nD. rotation of the Sun\nT. revolution of the earth about the sun\nY. revolution of the sun in the galaxy\nA. rotation of the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2981}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7056875", "question": "Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "skeletal", "nervous", "excretory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?\nA. digestive\nB. skeletal\nC. nervous\nD. excretory\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?", "choices": {"text": ["skeletal", "nervous", "digestive", "excretory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?\nA. skeletal\nB. nervous\nC. digestive\nD. excretory\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "skeletal", "nervous", "excretory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?\n1. digestive\n2. skeletal\n3. nervous\n4. excretory\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "skeletal", "nervous", "excretory"], "label": ["O", "C", "Y", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?\nO. digestive\nC. skeletal\nY. nervous\nJ. excretory\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?", "choices": {"text": ["skeletal", "nervous", "digestive", "excretory"], "label": ["O", "C", "Y", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these systems functions to protect and support vital organs?\nO. skeletal\nC. nervous\nY. digestive\nJ. excretory\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2982}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400868", "question": "Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?", "choices": {"text": ["short legs", "dim eyesight", "thick, white fur", "slow movement"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?\nA. short legs\nB. dim eyesight\nC. thick, white fur\nD. slow movement\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?", "choices": {"text": ["thick, white fur", "slow movement", "short legs", "dim eyesight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?\nA. thick, white fur\nB. slow movement\nC. short legs\nD. dim eyesight\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?", "choices": {"text": ["short legs", "dim eyesight", "thick, white fur", "slow movement"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?\n1. short legs\n2. dim eyesight\n3. thick, white fur\n4. slow movement\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?", "choices": {"text": ["short legs", "dim eyesight", "thick, white fur", "slow movement"], "label": ["H", "Y", "X", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?\nH. short legs\nY. dim eyesight\nX. thick, white fur\nF. slow movement\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?", "choices": {"text": ["thick, white fur", "slow movement", "short legs", "dim eyesight"], "label": ["H", "Y", "X", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic would best help a rabbit survive in snow?\nH. thick, white fur\nY. slow movement\nX. short legs\nF. dim eyesight\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2983}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409142", "question": "Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?", "choices": {"text": ["the depth of the lake", "the color of the water", "the volume of the lake", "the temperature of the water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?\nA. the depth of the lake\nB. the color of the water\nC. the volume of the lake\nD. the temperature of the water\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?", "choices": {"text": ["the depth of the lake", "the temperature of the water", "the color of the water", "the volume of the lake"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?\nA. the depth of the lake\nB. the temperature of the water\nC. the color of the water\nD. the volume of the lake\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?", "choices": {"text": ["the depth of the lake", "the color of the water", "the volume of the lake", "the temperature of the water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?\n1. the depth of the lake\n2. the color of the water\n3. the volume of the lake\n4. the temperature of the water\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?", "choices": {"text": ["the depth of the lake", "the color of the water", "the volume of the lake", "the temperature of the water"], "label": ["B", "X", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?\nB. the depth of the lake\nX. the color of the water\nD. the volume of the lake\nE. the temperature of the water\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?", "choices": {"text": ["the depth of the lake", "the temperature of the water", "the color of the water", "the volume of the lake"], "label": ["B", "X", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists are studying a pond. Which property can the scientists measure to understand the amount of energy held by the lake water?\nB. the depth of the lake\nX. the temperature of the water\nD. the color of the water\nE. the volume of the lake\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2984}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408900", "question": "Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?", "choices": {"text": ["rainfall amounts each week", "tiny organisms in pond water", "the high temperatures each day", "the amount of growth in a plant"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?\nA. rainfall amounts each week\nB. tiny organisms in pond water\nC. the high temperatures each day\nD. the amount of growth in a plant\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?", "choices": {"text": ["tiny organisms in pond water", "the high temperatures each day", "the amount of growth in a plant", "rainfall amounts each week"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?\nA. tiny organisms in pond water\nB. the high temperatures each day\nC. the amount of growth in a plant\nD. rainfall amounts each week\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?", "choices": {"text": ["rainfall amounts each week", "tiny organisms in pond water", "the high temperatures each day", "the amount of growth in a plant"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?\n1. rainfall amounts each week\n2. tiny organisms in pond water\n3. the high temperatures each day\n4. the amount of growth in a plant\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?", "choices": {"text": ["rainfall amounts each week", "tiny organisms in pond water", "the high temperatures each day", "the amount of growth in a plant"], "label": ["O", "Q", "X", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?\nO. rainfall amounts each week\nQ. tiny organisms in pond water\nX. the high temperatures each day\nU. the amount of growth in a plant\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?", "choices": {"text": ["tiny organisms in pond water", "the high temperatures each day", "the amount of growth in a plant", "rainfall amounts each week"], "label": ["O", "Q", "X", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Russell wants to observe changes in nature over the next few months. What can a thermometer help Russell investigate?\nO. tiny organisms in pond water\nQ. the high temperatures each day\nX. the amount of growth in a plant\nU. rainfall amounts each week\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2985}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401624", "question": "The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["seed", "spore", "pollen", "immature flower"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?\nA. seed\nB. spore\nC. pollen\nD. immature flower\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["immature flower", "seed", "pollen", "spore"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?\nA. immature flower\nB. seed\nC. pollen\nD. spore\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["seed", "spore", "pollen", "immature flower"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?\n1. seed\n2. spore\n3. pollen\n4. immature flower\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["seed", "spore", "pollen", "immature flower"], "label": ["X", "Q", "S", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?\nX. seed\nQ. spore\nS. pollen\nL. immature flower\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["immature flower", "seed", "pollen", "spore"], "label": ["X", "Q", "S", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: The egg stage in the life cycle of a bird is most like which phase in the life cycle of certain types of flowers?\nX. immature flower\nQ. seed\nS. pollen\nL. spore\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2986}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7188965", "question": "Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "endocrine", "nervous"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?\nA. circulatory\nB. digestive\nC. endocrine\nD. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "endocrine", "nervous", "circulatory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?\nA. digestive\nB. endocrine\nC. nervous\nD. circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "endocrine", "nervous"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?\n1. circulatory\n2. digestive\n3. endocrine\n4. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "endocrine", "nervous"], "label": ["I", "Q", "C", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?\nI. circulatory\nQ. digestive\nC. endocrine\nP. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "endocrine", "nervous", "circulatory"], "label": ["I", "Q", "C", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Peristalsis helps move nutrients through parts of the body by using wavelike contractions. In which system is the function used?\nI. digestive\nQ. endocrine\nC. nervous\nP. circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2987}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_8_32", "question": "Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?", "choices": {"text": ["getting a vaccination", "taking antibiotics", "eating fruits and vegetables", "washing hands often"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?\nA. getting a vaccination\nB. taking antibiotics\nC. eating fruits and vegetables\nD. washing hands often\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?", "choices": {"text": ["washing hands often", "getting a vaccination", "taking antibiotics", "eating fruits and vegetables"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?\nA. washing hands often\nB. getting a vaccination\nC. taking antibiotics\nD. eating fruits and vegetables\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?", "choices": {"text": ["getting a vaccination", "taking antibiotics", "eating fruits and vegetables", "washing hands often"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?\n1. getting a vaccination\n2. taking antibiotics\n3. eating fruits and vegetables\n4. washing hands often\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?", "choices": {"text": ["getting a vaccination", "taking antibiotics", "eating fruits and vegetables", "washing hands often"], "label": ["N", "X", "S", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?\nN. getting a vaccination\nX. taking antibiotics\nS. eating fruits and vegetables\nL. washing hands often\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?", "choices": {"text": ["washing hands often", "getting a vaccination", "taking antibiotics", "eating fruits and vegetables"], "label": ["N", "X", "S", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best way to help prevent the flu from becoming a pandemic?\nN. washing hands often\nX. getting a vaccination\nS. taking antibiotics\nL. eating fruits and vegetables\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2988}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008208", "question": "Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?", "choices": {"text": ["Big Bang", "Steady State", "Astronomical", "Catastrophism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?\nA. Big Bang\nB. Steady State\nC. Astronomical\nD. Catastrophism\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?", "choices": {"text": ["Catastrophism", "Big Bang", "Astronomical", "Steady State"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?\nA. Catastrophism\nB. Big Bang\nC. Astronomical\nD. Steady State\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?", "choices": {"text": ["Big Bang", "Steady State", "Astronomical", "Catastrophism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?\n1. Big Bang\n2. Steady State\n3. Astronomical\n4. Catastrophism\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?", "choices": {"text": ["Big Bang", "Steady State", "Astronomical", "Catastrophism"], "label": ["E", "P", "D", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?\nE. Big Bang\nP. Steady State\nD. Astronomical\nC. Catastrophism\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?", "choices": {"text": ["Catastrophism", "Big Bang", "Astronomical", "Steady State"], "label": ["E", "P", "D", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which theory states that the universe originated as a single mass?\nE. Catastrophism\nP. Big Bang\nD. Astronomical\nC. Steady State\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2989}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7092400", "question": "As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?", "choices": {"text": ["normal faults", "mountain ranges", "U-shaped valleys", "shield volcanoes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?\nA. normal faults\nB. mountain ranges\nC. U-shaped valleys\nD. shield volcanoes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?", "choices": {"text": ["U-shaped valleys", "shield volcanoes", "normal faults", "mountain ranges"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?\nA. U-shaped valleys\nB. shield volcanoes\nC. normal faults\nD. mountain ranges\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?", "choices": {"text": ["normal faults", "mountain ranges", "U-shaped valleys", "shield volcanoes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?\n1. normal faults\n2. mountain ranges\n3. U-shaped valleys\n4. shield volcanoes\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?", "choices": {"text": ["normal faults", "mountain ranges", "U-shaped valleys", "shield volcanoes"], "label": ["S", "O", "L", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?\nS. normal faults\nO. mountain ranges\nL. U-shaped valleys\nX. shield volcanoes\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?", "choices": {"text": ["U-shaped valleys", "shield volcanoes", "normal faults", "mountain ranges"], "label": ["S", "O", "L", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: As two continental plates collide, the edges of the plates are crumpled and uplifted. Which of these landforms is most likely a result of this type of collision?\nS. U-shaped valleys\nO. shield volcanoes\nL. normal faults\nX. mountain ranges\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2990}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_417462", "question": "During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?", "choices": {"text": ["by looking for seed coats on the seeds", "by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds", "by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds", "by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?\nA. by looking for seed coats on the seeds\nB. by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds\nC. by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds\nD. by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?", "choices": {"text": ["by looking for seed coats on the seeds", "by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds", "by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds", "by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?\nA. by looking for seed coats on the seeds\nB. by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds\nC. by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds\nD. by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?", "choices": {"text": ["by looking for seed coats on the seeds", "by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds", "by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds", "by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?\n1. by looking for seed coats on the seeds\n2. by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds\n3. by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds\n4. by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?", "choices": {"text": ["by looking for seed coats on the seeds", "by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds", "by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds", "by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds"], "label": ["I", "Z", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?\nI. by looking for seed coats on the seeds\nZ. by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds\nN. by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds\nK. by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?", "choices": {"text": ["by looking for seed coats on the seeds", "by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds", "by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds", "by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds"], "label": ["I", "Z", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a walk in the woods, Mandy finds a plant structure that had fallen onto the trail. Mandy can tell the object contained seeds, and thinks it came from a flowering plant instead of a conifer. How can she determine if the object came from a flowering plant?\nI. by looking for seed coats on the seeds\nZ. by looking for fruit tissue around the seeds\nN. by looking for wing-like structures on the seeds\nK. by looking for young sporophytes inside the seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2991}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401211", "question": "The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "digestive", "respiratory", "muscular"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?\nA. nervous\nB. digestive\nC. respiratory\nD. muscular\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular", "respiratory", "nervous", "digestive"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?\nA. muscular\nB. respiratory\nC. nervous\nD. digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "digestive", "respiratory", "muscular"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?\n1. nervous\n2. digestive\n3. respiratory\n4. muscular\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "digestive", "respiratory", "muscular"], "label": ["S", "Z", "G", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?\nS. nervous\nZ. digestive\nG. respiratory\nV. muscular\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular", "respiratory", "nervous", "digestive"], "label": ["S", "Z", "G", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The esophagus, stomach, and small intestine are parts of which body system?\nS. muscular\nZ. respiratory\nG. nervous\nV. digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2992}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_178605", "question": "Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?", "choices": {"text": ["malleable", "white metal", "conductor of heat", "reacts with nitric acid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?\nA. malleable\nB. white metal\nC. conductor of heat\nD. reacts with nitric acid\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?", "choices": {"text": ["conductor of heat", "reacts with nitric acid", "malleable", "white metal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?\nA. conductor of heat\nB. reacts with nitric acid\nC. malleable\nD. white metal\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?", "choices": {"text": ["malleable", "white metal", "conductor of heat", "reacts with nitric acid"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?\n1. malleable\n2. white metal\n3. conductor of heat\n4. reacts with nitric acid\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?", "choices": {"text": ["malleable", "white metal", "conductor of heat", "reacts with nitric acid"], "label": ["H", "W", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?\nH. malleable\nW. white metal\nO. conductor of heat\nN. reacts with nitric acid\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?", "choices": {"text": ["conductor of heat", "reacts with nitric acid", "malleable", "white metal"], "label": ["H", "W", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a chemical property of silver?\nH. conductor of heat\nW. reacts with nitric acid\nO. malleable\nN. white metal\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2993}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400364", "question": "If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["a thicker neck and longer tail", "a larger mouth and stronger jaws", "an increase in fur and fat", "an increase in height and speed"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?\nA. a thicker neck and longer tail\nB. a larger mouth and stronger jaws\nC. an increase in fur and fat\nD. an increase in height and speed\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in fur and fat", "an increase in height and speed", "a thicker neck and longer tail", "a larger mouth and stronger jaws"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?\nA. an increase in fur and fat\nB. an increase in height and speed\nC. a thicker neck and longer tail\nD. a larger mouth and stronger jaws\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["a thicker neck and longer tail", "a larger mouth and stronger jaws", "an increase in fur and fat", "an increase in height and speed"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?\n1. a thicker neck and longer tail\n2. a larger mouth and stronger jaws\n3. an increase in fur and fat\n4. an increase in height and speed\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["a thicker neck and longer tail", "a larger mouth and stronger jaws", "an increase in fur and fat", "an increase in height and speed"], "label": ["A", "G", "Y", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?\nA. a thicker neck and longer tail\nG. a larger mouth and stronger jaws\nY. an increase in fur and fat\nR. an increase in height and speed\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in fur and fat", "an increase in height and speed", "a thicker neck and longer tail", "a larger mouth and stronger jaws"], "label": ["A", "G", "Y", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the climate in an area changed over time to become very cold, which change would most likely help a species living there to survive?\nA. an increase in fur and fat\nG. an increase in height and speed\nY. a thicker neck and longer tail\nR. a larger mouth and stronger jaws\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2994}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_15", "question": "A broken bone heals through the process of", "choices": {"text": ["adaptation", "mutation", "cell division", "chemical digestion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A broken bone heals through the process of\nA. adaptation\nB. mutation\nC. cell division\nD. chemical digestion\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A broken bone heals through the process of", "choices": {"text": ["mutation", "chemical digestion", "adaptation", "cell division"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A broken bone heals through the process of\nA. mutation\nB. chemical digestion\nC. adaptation\nD. cell division\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A broken bone heals through the process of", "choices": {"text": ["adaptation", "mutation", "cell division", "chemical digestion"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A broken bone heals through the process of\n1. adaptation\n2. mutation\n3. cell division\n4. chemical digestion\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A broken bone heals through the process of", "choices": {"text": ["adaptation", "mutation", "cell division", "chemical digestion"], "label": ["Q", "C", "P", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A broken bone heals through the process of\nQ. adaptation\nC. mutation\nP. cell division\nB. chemical digestion\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A broken bone heals through the process of", "choices": {"text": ["mutation", "chemical digestion", "adaptation", "cell division"], "label": ["Q", "C", "P", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A broken bone heals through the process of\nQ. mutation\nC. chemical digestion\nP. adaptation\nB. cell division\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2995}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2015_5_7", "question": "Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a plate sitting on a table", "a bird perching in a tree", "a marble rolling down a ramp", "a dam holding back some water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?\nA. a plate sitting on a table\nB. a bird perching in a tree\nC. a marble rolling down a ramp\nD. a dam holding back some water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a dam holding back some water", "a marble rolling down a ramp", "a bird perching in a tree", "a plate sitting on a table"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?\nA. a dam holding back some water\nB. a marble rolling down a ramp\nC. a bird perching in a tree\nD. a plate sitting on a table\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a plate sitting on a table", "a bird perching in a tree", "a marble rolling down a ramp", "a dam holding back some water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?\n1. a plate sitting on a table\n2. a bird perching in a tree\n3. a marble rolling down a ramp\n4. a dam holding back some water\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a plate sitting on a table", "a bird perching in a tree", "a marble rolling down a ramp", "a dam holding back some water"], "label": ["I", "G", "N", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?\nI. a plate sitting on a table\nG. a bird perching in a tree\nN. a marble rolling down a ramp\nT. a dam holding back some water\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a dam holding back some water", "a marble rolling down a ramp", "a bird perching in a tree", "a plate sitting on a table"], "label": ["I", "G", "N", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best example of an object with kinetic energy?\nI. a dam holding back some water\nG. a marble rolling down a ramp\nN. a bird perching in a tree\nT. a plate sitting on a table\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2996}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7180618", "question": "Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?", "choices": {"text": ["overgrazing", "eutrophication", "invasion by non-native species", "overproduction of greenhouse gases"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?\nA. overgrazing\nB. eutrophication\nC. invasion by non-native species\nD. overproduction of greenhouse gases\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?", "choices": {"text": ["eutrophication", "overproduction of greenhouse gases", "invasion by non-native species", "overgrazing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?\nA. eutrophication\nB. overproduction of greenhouse gases\nC. invasion by non-native species\nD. overgrazing\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?", "choices": {"text": ["overgrazing", "eutrophication", "invasion by non-native species", "overproduction of greenhouse gases"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?\n1. overgrazing\n2. eutrophication\n3. invasion by non-native species\n4. overproduction of greenhouse gases\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?", "choices": {"text": ["overgrazing", "eutrophication", "invasion by non-native species", "overproduction of greenhouse gases"], "label": ["M", "V", "X", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?\nM. overgrazing\nV. eutrophication\nX. invasion by non-native species\nI. overproduction of greenhouse gases\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?", "choices": {"text": ["eutrophication", "overproduction of greenhouse gases", "invasion by non-native species", "overgrazing"], "label": ["M", "V", "X", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lions tend to prey on primary consumers like zebras and gazelles. If there were a sudden decline in a population of lions, which ecological imbalance would most likely occur in the habitat?\nM. eutrophication\nV. overproduction of greenhouse gases\nX. invasion by non-native species\nI. overgrazing\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2997}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_415262", "question": "Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?", "choices": {"text": ["replacing wood doors with aluminum doors", "using more insulation in the walls of the home", "removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home", "painting the roof of the home white to reflect light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?\nA. replacing wood doors with aluminum doors\nB. using more insulation in the walls of the home\nC. removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home\nD. painting the roof of the home white to reflect light\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?", "choices": {"text": ["removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home", "painting the roof of the home white to reflect light", "using more insulation in the walls of the home", "replacing wood doors with aluminum doors"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?\nA. removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home\nB. painting the roof of the home white to reflect light\nC. using more insulation in the walls of the home\nD. replacing wood doors with aluminum doors\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?", "choices": {"text": ["replacing wood doors with aluminum doors", "using more insulation in the walls of the home", "removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home", "painting the roof of the home white to reflect light"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?\n1. replacing wood doors with aluminum doors\n2. using more insulation in the walls of the home\n3. removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home\n4. painting the roof of the home white to reflect light\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?", "choices": {"text": ["replacing wood doors with aluminum doors", "using more insulation in the walls of the home", "removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home", "painting the roof of the home white to reflect light"], "label": ["V", "X", "H", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?\nV. replacing wood doors with aluminum doors\nX. using more insulation in the walls of the home\nH. removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home\nN. painting the roof of the home white to reflect light\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?", "choices": {"text": ["removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home", "painting the roof of the home white to reflect light", "using more insulation in the walls of the home", "replacing wood doors with aluminum doors"], "label": ["V", "X", "H", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following could help to reduce a home heating bill in winter?\nV. removing thick rugs and heavy curtains in the home\nX. painting the roof of the home white to reflect light\nH. using more insulation in the walls of the home\nN. replacing wood doors with aluminum doors\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2998}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7200200", "question": "Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed of the sound is too fast.", "The amplitude of the sound is too low.", "The frequency of the sound is too high.", "The wavelength of the sound is too long."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?\nA. The speed of the sound is too fast.\nB. The amplitude of the sound is too low.\nC. The frequency of the sound is too high.\nD. The wavelength of the sound is too long.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?", "choices": {"text": ["The wavelength of the sound is too long.", "The speed of the sound is too fast.", "The amplitude of the sound is too low.", "The frequency of the sound is too high."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?\nA. The wavelength of the sound is too long.\nB. The speed of the sound is too fast.\nC. The amplitude of the sound is too low.\nD. The frequency of the sound is too high.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed of the sound is too fast.", "The amplitude of the sound is too low.", "The frequency of the sound is too high.", "The wavelength of the sound is too long."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?\n1. The speed of the sound is too fast.\n2. The amplitude of the sound is too low.\n3. The frequency of the sound is too high.\n4. The wavelength of the sound is too long.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed of the sound is too fast.", "The amplitude of the sound is too low.", "The frequency of the sound is too high.", "The wavelength of the sound is too long."], "label": ["S", "A", "D", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?\nS. The speed of the sound is too fast.\nA. The amplitude of the sound is too low.\nD. The frequency of the sound is too high.\nW. The wavelength of the sound is too long.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?", "choices": {"text": ["The wavelength of the sound is too long.", "The speed of the sound is too fast.", "The amplitude of the sound is too low.", "The frequency of the sound is too high."], "label": ["S", "A", "D", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Elizabeth uses a specific type of whistle to call her dogs. The noise made by the whistle is heard by the dogs but cannot be heard by the human ear. Which statement best describes why humans cannot hear the sound made by the whistle?\nS. The wavelength of the sound is too long.\nA. The speed of the sound is too fast.\nD. The amplitude of the sound is too low.\nW. The frequency of the sound is too high.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2999}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2008_8_24", "question": "Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["developing highways", "driving large vehicles", "using renewable power sources", "using electricity from coal burning power plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?\nA. developing highways\nB. driving large vehicles\nC. using renewable power sources\nD. using electricity from coal burning power plants\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["using electricity from coal burning power plants", "developing highways", "driving large vehicles", "using renewable power sources"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?\nA. using electricity from coal burning power plants\nB. developing highways\nC. driving large vehicles\nD. using renewable power sources\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["developing highways", "driving large vehicles", "using renewable power sources", "using electricity from coal burning power plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?\n1. developing highways\n2. driving large vehicles\n3. using renewable power sources\n4. using electricity from coal burning power plants\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["developing highways", "driving large vehicles", "using renewable power sources", "using electricity from coal burning power plants"], "label": ["G", "N", "X", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?\nG. developing highways\nN. driving large vehicles\nX. using renewable power sources\nU. using electricity from coal burning power plants\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["using electricity from coal burning power plants", "developing highways", "driving large vehicles", "using renewable power sources"], "label": ["G", "N", "X", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Which action helps reduce global warming?\nG. using electricity from coal burning power plants\nN. developing highways\nX. driving large vehicles\nU. using renewable power sources\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3000}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_185238", "question": "As members of a food web, humans are considered to be", "choices": {"text": ["producers.", "consumers.", "decomposers.", "scavengers."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As members of a food web, humans are considered to be\nA. producers.\nB. consumers.\nC. decomposers.\nD. scavengers.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As members of a food web, humans are considered to be", "choices": {"text": ["scavengers.", "producers.", "consumers.", "decomposers."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As members of a food web, humans are considered to be\nA. scavengers.\nB. producers.\nC. consumers.\nD. decomposers.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As members of a food web, humans are considered to be", "choices": {"text": ["producers.", "consumers.", "decomposers.", "scavengers."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As members of a food web, humans are considered to be\n1. producers.\n2. consumers.\n3. decomposers.\n4. scavengers.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As members of a food web, humans are considered to be", "choices": {"text": ["producers.", "consumers.", "decomposers.", "scavengers."], "label": ["F", "C", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: As members of a food web, humans are considered to be\nF. producers.\nC. consumers.\nG. decomposers.\nY. scavengers.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As members of a food web, humans are considered to be", "choices": {"text": ["scavengers.", "producers.", "consumers.", "decomposers."], "label": ["F", "C", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: As members of a food web, humans are considered to be\nF. scavengers.\nC. producers.\nG. consumers.\nY. decomposers.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3001}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2015_8_6", "question": "Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.", "Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres.", "Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.", "Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?\nA. Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.\nB. Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres.\nC. Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.\nD. Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.", "Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center.", "Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.", "Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?\nA. Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.\nB. Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center.\nC. Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.\nD. Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.", "Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres.", "Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.", "Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?\n1. Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.\n2. Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres.\n3. Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.\n4. Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.", "Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres.", "Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.", "Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center."], "label": ["A", "W", "K", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?\nA. Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.\nW. Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres.\nK. Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.\nI. Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.", "Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center.", "Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.", "Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres."], "label": ["A", "W", "K", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes the role of gravity in the formation of stars?\nA. Gravity converts solid matter into gases and light energy.\nW. Gravity pushes rocks and dust particles outward from a dense center.\nK. Gravity cools gases and liquids until they become one solid mass.\nI. Gravity causes gases and dust particles to condense into spheres.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3002}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7015663", "question": "What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?", "choices": {"text": ["rock cycle", "erosion cycle", "magma cycle", "tectonic cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?\nA. rock cycle\nB. erosion cycle\nC. magma cycle\nD. tectonic cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?", "choices": {"text": ["tectonic cycle", "rock cycle", "magma cycle", "erosion cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?\nA. tectonic cycle\nB. rock cycle\nC. magma cycle\nD. erosion cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?", "choices": {"text": ["rock cycle", "erosion cycle", "magma cycle", "tectonic cycle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?\n1. rock cycle\n2. erosion cycle\n3. magma cycle\n4. tectonic cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?", "choices": {"text": ["rock cycle", "erosion cycle", "magma cycle", "tectonic cycle"], "label": ["J", "N", "R", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?\nJ. rock cycle\nN. erosion cycle\nR. magma cycle\nO. tectonic cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?", "choices": {"text": ["tectonic cycle", "rock cycle", "magma cycle", "erosion cycle"], "label": ["J", "N", "R", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the name of the process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are converted into one another in stages?\nJ. tectonic cycle\nN. rock cycle\nR. magma cycle\nO. erosion cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3003}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10174", "question": "What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering", "deposition", "condensation", "decomposing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?\nA. weathering\nB. deposition\nC. condensation\nD. decomposing\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?", "choices": {"text": ["decomposing", "weathering", "deposition", "condensation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?\nA. decomposing\nB. weathering\nC. deposition\nD. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering", "deposition", "condensation", "decomposing"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?\n1. weathering\n2. deposition\n3. condensation\n4. decomposing\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering", "deposition", "condensation", "decomposing"], "label": ["V", "F", "X", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?\nV. weathering\nF. deposition\nX. condensation\nA. decomposing\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?", "choices": {"text": ["decomposing", "weathering", "deposition", "condensation"], "label": ["V", "F", "X", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is happening when rocks are broken down by both physical and chemical changes?\nV. decomposing\nF. weathering\nX. deposition\nA. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3004}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7024780", "question": "In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "energetic", "exothermic", "endothermic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?\nA. electrical\nB. energetic\nC. exothermic\nD. endothermic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "energetic", "endothermic", "exothermic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?\nA. electrical\nB. energetic\nC. endothermic\nD. exothermic\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "energetic", "exothermic", "endothermic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?\n1. electrical\n2. energetic\n3. exothermic\n4. endothermic\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "energetic", "exothermic", "endothermic"], "label": ["D", "F", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?\nD. electrical\nF. energetic\nN. exothermic\nY. endothermic\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "energetic", "endothermic", "exothermic"], "label": ["D", "F", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a laboratory procedure, students added sodium hydroxide crystals to a beaker of water and allowed the resulting solution to cool. Based on this information, which type of chemical process most likely occurred?\nD. electrical\nF. energetic\nN. endothermic\nY. exothermic\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3005}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_404975", "question": "Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "a convection current", "an electrical circuit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?\nA. friction\nB. gravity\nC. a convection current\nD. an electrical circuit\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "an electrical circuit", "a convection current", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?\nA. friction\nB. an electrical circuit\nC. a convection current\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "a convection current", "an electrical circuit"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?\n1. friction\n2. gravity\n3. a convection current\n4. an electrical circuit\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "a convection current", "an electrical circuit"], "label": ["D", "T", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?\nD. friction\nT. gravity\nS. a convection current\nR. an electrical circuit\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "an electrical circuit", "a convection current", "gravity"], "label": ["D", "T", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are attempting to make a doorbell ring using some wire and a battery. What is needed to make the bell ring?\nD. friction\nT. an electrical circuit\nS. a convection current\nR. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3006}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7098928", "question": "Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?", "choices": {"text": ["size of subatomic particles", "composition of living things", "number of the moons of Jupiter", "formation of sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?\nA. size of subatomic particles\nB. composition of living things\nC. number of the moons of Jupiter\nD. formation of sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?", "choices": {"text": ["size of subatomic particles", "number of the moons of Jupiter", "composition of living things", "formation of sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?\nA. size of subatomic particles\nB. number of the moons of Jupiter\nC. composition of living things\nD. formation of sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?", "choices": {"text": ["size of subatomic particles", "composition of living things", "number of the moons of Jupiter", "formation of sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?\n1. size of subatomic particles\n2. composition of living things\n3. number of the moons of Jupiter\n4. formation of sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?", "choices": {"text": ["size of subatomic particles", "composition of living things", "number of the moons of Jupiter", "formation of sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["B", "F", "U", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?\nB. size of subatomic particles\nF. composition of living things\nU. number of the moons of Jupiter\nX. formation of sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?", "choices": {"text": ["size of subatomic particles", "number of the moons of Jupiter", "composition of living things", "formation of sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["B", "F", "U", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which concept was most likely modified due to the invention of the microscope?\nB. size of subatomic particles\nF. number of the moons of Jupiter\nU. composition of living things\nX. formation of sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3007}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416501", "question": "Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?", "choices": {"text": ["light energy -> chemical energy", "kinetic energy -> potential energy", "chemical energy -> mechanical energy", "mechanical energy -> electrical energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?\nA. light energy -> chemical energy\nB. kinetic energy -> potential energy\nC. chemical energy -> mechanical energy\nD. mechanical energy -> electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy -> mechanical energy", "light energy -> chemical energy", "mechanical energy -> electrical energy", "kinetic energy -> potential energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?\nA. chemical energy -> mechanical energy\nB. light energy -> chemical energy\nC. mechanical energy -> electrical energy\nD. kinetic energy -> potential energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?", "choices": {"text": ["light energy -> chemical energy", "kinetic energy -> potential energy", "chemical energy -> mechanical energy", "mechanical energy -> electrical energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?\n1. light energy -> chemical energy\n2. kinetic energy -> potential energy\n3. chemical energy -> mechanical energy\n4. mechanical energy -> electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?", "choices": {"text": ["light energy -> chemical energy", "kinetic energy -> potential energy", "chemical energy -> mechanical energy", "mechanical energy -> electrical energy"], "label": ["V", "Y", "A", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?\nV. light energy -> chemical energy\nY. kinetic energy -> potential energy\nA. chemical energy -> mechanical energy\nF. mechanical energy -> electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy -> mechanical energy", "light energy -> chemical energy", "mechanical energy -> electrical energy", "kinetic energy -> potential energy"], "label": ["V", "Y", "A", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy transformation occurs during active transport in a cell?\nV. chemical energy -> mechanical energy\nY. light energy -> chemical energy\nA. mechanical energy -> electrical energy\nF. kinetic energy -> potential energy\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3008}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406012", "question": "The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?", "choices": {"text": ["supports body posture", "controls body functions", "supplies the blood with oxygen", "carries blood to and from the heart"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?\nA. supports body posture\nB. controls body functions\nC. supplies the blood with oxygen\nD. carries blood to and from the heart\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?", "choices": {"text": ["controls body functions", "supports body posture", "supplies the blood with oxygen", "carries blood to and from the heart"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?\nA. controls body functions\nB. supports body posture\nC. supplies the blood with oxygen\nD. carries blood to and from the heart\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?", "choices": {"text": ["supports body posture", "controls body functions", "supplies the blood with oxygen", "carries blood to and from the heart"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?\n1. supports body posture\n2. controls body functions\n3. supplies the blood with oxygen\n4. carries blood to and from the heart\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?", "choices": {"text": ["supports body posture", "controls body functions", "supplies the blood with oxygen", "carries blood to and from the heart"], "label": ["U", "V", "G", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?\nU. supports body posture\nV. controls body functions\nG. supplies the blood with oxygen\nN. carries blood to and from the heart\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?", "choices": {"text": ["controls body functions", "supports body posture", "supplies the blood with oxygen", "carries blood to and from the heart"], "label": ["U", "V", "G", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that run throughout the entire body. Which of these is one function of the nervous system?\nU. controls body functions\nV. supports body posture\nG. supplies the blood with oxygen\nN. carries blood to and from the heart\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3009}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407192", "question": "Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?", "choices": {"text": ["rainfall levels could decrease", "air temperatures could increase", "water sources could become polluted", "caterpillars could become extinct"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?\nA. rainfall levels could decrease\nB. air temperatures could increase\nC. water sources could become polluted\nD. caterpillars could become extinct\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?", "choices": {"text": ["caterpillars could become extinct", "water sources could become polluted", "air temperatures could increase", "rainfall levels could decrease"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?\nA. caterpillars could become extinct\nB. water sources could become polluted\nC. air temperatures could increase\nD. rainfall levels could decrease\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?", "choices": {"text": ["rainfall levels could decrease", "air temperatures could increase", "water sources could become polluted", "caterpillars could become extinct"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?\n1. rainfall levels could decrease\n2. air temperatures could increase\n3. water sources could become polluted\n4. caterpillars could become extinct\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?", "choices": {"text": ["rainfall levels could decrease", "air temperatures could increase", "water sources could become polluted", "caterpillars could become extinct"], "label": ["W", "S", "O", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?\nW. rainfall levels could decrease\nS. air temperatures could increase\nO. water sources could become polluted\nT. caterpillars could become extinct\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?", "choices": {"text": ["caterpillars could become extinct", "water sources could become polluted", "air temperatures could increase", "rainfall levels could decrease"], "label": ["W", "S", "O", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely a result of using pesticides on farm crops?\nW. caterpillars could become extinct\nS. water sources could become polluted\nO. air temperatures could increase\nT. rainfall levels could decrease\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3010}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7239890", "question": "The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?", "choices": {"text": ["law of independent assortment", "law of dominance", "law of segregation", "law of recessiveness"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?\nA. law of independent assortment\nB. law of dominance\nC. law of segregation\nD. law of recessiveness\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?", "choices": {"text": ["law of segregation", "law of recessiveness", "law of dominance", "law of independent assortment"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?\nA. law of segregation\nB. law of recessiveness\nC. law of dominance\nD. law of independent assortment\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?", "choices": {"text": ["law of independent assortment", "law of dominance", "law of segregation", "law of recessiveness"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?\n1. law of independent assortment\n2. law of dominance\n3. law of segregation\n4. law of recessiveness\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?", "choices": {"text": ["law of independent assortment", "law of dominance", "law of segregation", "law of recessiveness"], "label": ["M", "J", "K", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?\nM. law of independent assortment\nJ. law of dominance\nK. law of segregation\nP. law of recessiveness\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?", "choices": {"text": ["law of segregation", "law of recessiveness", "law of dominance", "law of independent assortment"], "label": ["M", "J", "K", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The biological selection of a particular allele for a trait to be passed to offspring has nothing do with the selection of the allele for another trait. Which of the following supports this statement?\nM. law of segregation\nJ. law of recessiveness\nK. law of dominance\nP. law of independent assortment\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3011}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7282135", "question": "Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a behavioral influence.", "It is a genetic influence.", "It is an environmental influence.", "It is a dietary influence."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?\nA. It is a behavioral influence.\nB. It is a genetic influence.\nC. It is an environmental influence.\nD. It is a dietary influence.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a behavioral influence.", "It is a dietary influence.", "It is a genetic influence.", "It is an environmental influence."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?\nA. It is a behavioral influence.\nB. It is a dietary influence.\nC. It is a genetic influence.\nD. It is an environmental influence.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a behavioral influence.", "It is a genetic influence.", "It is an environmental influence.", "It is a dietary influence."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?\n1. It is a behavioral influence.\n2. It is a genetic influence.\n3. It is an environmental influence.\n4. It is a dietary influence.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a behavioral influence.", "It is a genetic influence.", "It is an environmental influence.", "It is a dietary influence."], "label": ["O", "E", "V", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?\nO. It is a behavioral influence.\nE. It is a genetic influence.\nV. It is an environmental influence.\nA. It is a dietary influence.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a behavioral influence.", "It is a dietary influence.", "It is a genetic influence.", "It is an environmental influence."], "label": ["O", "E", "V", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air pollution can influence a person's quality of life. Which best identifies the influence of air pollution?\nO. It is a behavioral influence.\nE. It is a dietary influence.\nV. It is a genetic influence.\nA. It is an environmental influence.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3012}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_184328", "question": "What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical composition", "distance from Earth", "size", "speed"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?\nA. chemical composition\nB. distance from Earth\nC. size\nD. speed\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?", "choices": {"text": ["distance from Earth", "speed", "size", "chemical composition"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?\nA. distance from Earth\nB. speed\nC. size\nD. chemical composition\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical composition", "distance from Earth", "size", "speed"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?\n1. chemical composition\n2. distance from Earth\n3. size\n4. speed\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical composition", "distance from Earth", "size", "speed"], "label": ["U", "G", "O", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?\nU. chemical composition\nG. distance from Earth\nO. size\nF. speed\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?", "choices": {"text": ["distance from Earth", "speed", "size", "chemical composition"], "label": ["U", "G", "O", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What information about stars can be learned by using a spectrometer?\nU. distance from Earth\nG. speed\nO. size\nF. chemical composition\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3013}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2007_7_22", "question": "Which is the function of the gallbladder?", "choices": {"text": ["store bile", "produce bile", "store digestive enzymes", "produce digestive enzymes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the function of the gallbladder?\nA. store bile\nB. produce bile\nC. store digestive enzymes\nD. produce digestive enzymes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the function of the gallbladder?", "choices": {"text": ["produce bile", "produce digestive enzymes", "store bile", "store digestive enzymes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the function of the gallbladder?\nA. produce bile\nB. produce digestive enzymes\nC. store bile\nD. store digestive enzymes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the function of the gallbladder?", "choices": {"text": ["store bile", "produce bile", "store digestive enzymes", "produce digestive enzymes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the function of the gallbladder?\n1. store bile\n2. produce bile\n3. store digestive enzymes\n4. produce digestive enzymes\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the function of the gallbladder?", "choices": {"text": ["store bile", "produce bile", "store digestive enzymes", "produce digestive enzymes"], "label": ["J", "K", "U", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the function of the gallbladder?\nJ. store bile\nK. produce bile\nU. store digestive enzymes\nE. produce digestive enzymes\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the function of the gallbladder?", "choices": {"text": ["produce bile", "produce digestive enzymes", "store bile", "store digestive enzymes"], "label": ["J", "K", "U", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the function of the gallbladder?\nJ. produce bile\nK. produce digestive enzymes\nU. store bile\nE. store digestive enzymes\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3014}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2010_8_43", "question": "When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?", "choices": {"text": ["Oxygen levels will increase.", "Carbon dioxide levels will increase.", "The temperature of Earth will decrease.", "The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?\nA. Oxygen levels will increase.\nB. Carbon dioxide levels will increase.\nC. The temperature of Earth will decrease.\nD. The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon dioxide levels will increase.", "The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease.", "The temperature of Earth will decrease.", "Oxygen levels will increase."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?\nA. Carbon dioxide levels will increase.\nB. The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease.\nC. The temperature of Earth will decrease.\nD. Oxygen levels will increase.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?", "choices": {"text": ["Oxygen levels will increase.", "Carbon dioxide levels will increase.", "The temperature of Earth will decrease.", "The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?\n1. Oxygen levels will increase.\n2. Carbon dioxide levels will increase.\n3. The temperature of Earth will decrease.\n4. The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?", "choices": {"text": ["Oxygen levels will increase.", "Carbon dioxide levels will increase.", "The temperature of Earth will decrease.", "The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease."], "label": ["M", "W", "T", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?\nM. Oxygen levels will increase.\nW. Carbon dioxide levels will increase.\nT. The temperature of Earth will decrease.\nV. The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon dioxide levels will increase.", "The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease.", "The temperature of Earth will decrease.", "Oxygen levels will increase."], "label": ["M", "W", "T", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When trees are removed from a tropical rain forest, other plants and animals are affected. Which statement identifies another change that will most likely occur when a rain forest habitat is destroyed?\nM. Carbon dioxide levels will increase.\nW. The air pollution in the atmosphere will decrease.\nT. The temperature of Earth will decrease.\nV. Oxygen levels will increase.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3015}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7044520", "question": "A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?", "choices": {"text": ["size", "mass", "boiling point", "melting point"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?\nA. size\nB. mass\nC. boiling point\nD. melting point\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "melting point", "size", "boiling point"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?\nA. mass\nB. melting point\nC. size\nD. boiling point\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?", "choices": {"text": ["size", "mass", "boiling point", "melting point"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?\n1. size\n2. mass\n3. boiling point\n4. melting point\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?", "choices": {"text": ["size", "mass", "boiling point", "melting point"], "label": ["G", "V", "H", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?\nG. size\nV. mass\nH. boiling point\nY. melting point\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "melting point", "size", "boiling point"], "label": ["G", "V", "H", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student was given the volume and description of a substance and was asked to determine its density. What information is missing?\nG. mass\nV. melting point\nH. size\nY. boiling point\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3016}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400518", "question": "A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?", "choices": {"text": ["The rock was once buried under a swamp.", "Water from a river washed across the rock.", "The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean.", "Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?\nA. The rock was once buried under a swamp.\nB. Water from a river washed across the rock.\nC. The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean.\nD. Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?", "choices": {"text": ["Water from a river washed across the rock.", "The rock was once buried under a swamp.", "Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock.", "The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?\nA. Water from a river washed across the rock.\nB. The rock was once buried under a swamp.\nC. Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock.\nD. The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?", "choices": {"text": ["The rock was once buried under a swamp.", "Water from a river washed across the rock.", "The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean.", "Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?\n1. The rock was once buried under a swamp.\n2. Water from a river washed across the rock.\n3. The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean.\n4. Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?", "choices": {"text": ["The rock was once buried under a swamp.", "Water from a river washed across the rock.", "The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean.", "Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock."], "label": ["L", "Z", "X", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?\nL. The rock was once buried under a swamp.\nZ. Water from a river washed across the rock.\nX. The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean.\nS. Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?", "choices": {"text": ["Water from a river washed across the rock.", "The rock was once buried under a swamp.", "Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock.", "The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean."], "label": ["L", "Z", "X", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A geologist found several types of seashell fossils in a rock layer. Which is the best conclusion about the rock layer?\nL. Water from a river washed across the rock.\nZ. The rock was once buried under a swamp.\nX. Migrating animals dropped the seashell into the rock.\nS. The rock was once sediment at the bottom of an ocean.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3017}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7205573", "question": "All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth has no natural satellites.", "Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.", "Water is found in all three phases on Earth.", "Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?\nA. Earth has no natural satellites.\nB. Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.\nC. Water is found in all three phases on Earth.\nD. Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.", "Earth has no natural satellites.", "Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface.", "Water is found in all three phases on Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?\nA. Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.\nB. Earth has no natural satellites.\nC. Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface.\nD. Water is found in all three phases on Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth has no natural satellites.", "Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.", "Water is found in all three phases on Earth.", "Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?\n1. Earth has no natural satellites.\n2. Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.\n3. Water is found in all three phases on Earth.\n4. Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth has no natural satellites.", "Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.", "Water is found in all three phases on Earth.", "Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface."], "label": ["J", "P", "W", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?\nJ. Earth has no natural satellites.\nP. Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.\nW. Water is found in all three phases on Earth.\nT. Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.", "Earth has no natural satellites.", "Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface.", "Water is found in all three phases on Earth."], "label": ["J", "P", "W", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the planets in the solar system formed at about the same time from a large cloud of gas and dust. How is Earth different from other planets in the solar system?\nJ. Earth's atmosphere is composed of gases.\nP. Earth has no natural satellites.\nW. Volcanoes release liquid rock onto Earth's surface.\nT. Water is found in all three phases on Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3018}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7222863", "question": "When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "sulfur dioxide", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?\nA. carbon dioxide\nB. oxygen\nC. sulfur dioxide\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "sulfur dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?\nA. water\nB. oxygen\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. sulfur dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "sulfur dioxide", "water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?\n1. carbon dioxide\n2. oxygen\n3. sulfur dioxide\n4. water\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "sulfur dioxide", "water"], "label": ["P", "X", "I", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?\nP. carbon dioxide\nX. oxygen\nI. sulfur dioxide\nC. water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "sulfur dioxide"], "label": ["P", "X", "I", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: When light reflects off certain crystals in the atmosphere, effects called halos appear. Which substance in the atmosphere forms these crystals?\nP. water\nX. oxygen\nI. carbon dioxide\nC. sulfur dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3019}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_19", "question": "During which process do animals increase in size?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing", "growing", "shedding", "repairing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process do animals increase in size?\nA. breathing\nB. growing\nC. shedding\nD. repairing\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process do animals increase in size?", "choices": {"text": ["growing", "repairing", "breathing", "shedding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process do animals increase in size?\nA. growing\nB. repairing\nC. breathing\nD. shedding\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process do animals increase in size?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing", "growing", "shedding", "repairing"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process do animals increase in size?\n1. breathing\n2. growing\n3. shedding\n4. repairing\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process do animals increase in size?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing", "growing", "shedding", "repairing"], "label": ["Y", "O", "R", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process do animals increase in size?\nY. breathing\nO. growing\nR. shedding\nS. repairing\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process do animals increase in size?", "choices": {"text": ["growing", "repairing", "breathing", "shedding"], "label": ["Y", "O", "R", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process do animals increase in size?\nY. growing\nO. repairing\nR. breathing\nS. shedding\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3020}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7121905", "question": "In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["radiant", "thermal", "chemical", "mechanical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?\nA. radiant\nB. thermal\nC. chemical\nD. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["radiant", "thermal", "mechanical", "chemical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?\nA. radiant\nB. thermal\nC. mechanical\nD. chemical\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["radiant", "thermal", "chemical", "mechanical"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?\n1. radiant\n2. thermal\n3. chemical\n4. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["radiant", "thermal", "chemical", "mechanical"], "label": ["M", "H", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?\nM. radiant\nH. thermal\nC. chemical\nD. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["radiant", "thermal", "mechanical", "chemical"], "label": ["M", "H", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what form do plants store the energy produced from sunlight?\nM. radiant\nH. thermal\nC. mechanical\nD. chemical\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3021}
{"arc_id": "LEAP__4_10226", "question": "Carmine's mother drinks four cans of soft drink each day. After drinking the soft drinks, Carmine's mother should", "choices": {"text": ["throw the cans in the trash.", "send the cans to a landfill.", "take the cans to be recycled.", "crush the cans before putting them in the trash."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Carmine's mother drinks four cans of soft drink each day. After drinking the soft drinks, Carmine's mother should\nA. throw the cans in the trash.\nB. send the cans to a landfill.\nC. take the cans to be recycled.\nD. crush the cans before putting them in the trash.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Carmine's mother drinks four cans of soft drink each day. After drinking the soft drinks, Carmine's mother should", "choices": {"text": ["take the cans to be recycled.", "throw the cans in the trash.", "send the cans to a landfill.", "crush the cans before putting them in the trash."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Carmine's mother drinks four cans of soft drink each day. After drinking the soft drinks, Carmine's mother should\nA. take the cans to be recycled.\nB. throw the cans in the trash.\nC. send the cans to a landfill.\nD. crush the cans before putting them in the trash.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Carmine's mother drinks four cans of soft drink each day. After drinking the soft drinks, Carmine's mother should", "choices": {"text": ["throw the cans in the trash.", "send the cans to a landfill.", "take the cans to be recycled.", "crush the cans before putting them in the trash."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Carmine's mother drinks four cans of soft drink each day. After drinking the soft drinks, Carmine's mother should\n1. throw the cans in the trash.\n2. send the cans to a landfill.\n3. take the cans to be recycled.\n4. crush the cans before putting them in the trash.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Carmine's mother drinks four cans of soft drink each day. After drinking the soft drinks, Carmine's mother should", "choices": {"text": ["throw the cans in the trash.", "send the cans to a landfill.", "take the cans to be recycled.", "crush the cans before putting them in the trash."], "label": ["H", "Y", "E", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Carmine's mother drinks four cans of soft drink each day. After drinking the soft drinks, Carmine's mother should\nH. throw the cans in the trash.\nY. send the cans to a landfill.\nE. take the cans to be recycled.\nQ. crush the cans before putting them in the trash.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Carmine's mother drinks four cans of soft drink each day. After drinking the soft drinks, Carmine's mother should", "choices": {"text": ["take the cans to be recycled.", "throw the cans in the trash.", "send the cans to a landfill.", "crush the cans before putting them in the trash."], "label": ["H", "Y", "E", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Carmine's mother drinks four cans of soft drink each day. After drinking the soft drinks, Carmine's mother should\nH. take the cans to be recycled.\nY. throw the cans in the trash.\nE. send the cans to a landfill.\nQ. crush the cans before putting them in the trash.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3022}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7210018", "question": "A student observes different characteristics of a rock. Which observation best describes a fact about the rock?", "choices": {"text": ["It has a nice surface.", "It has an interesting shape.", "It is made of several layers.", "It feels warm when touched."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student observes different characteristics of a rock. Which observation best describes a fact about the rock?\nA. It has a nice surface.\nB. It has an interesting shape.\nC. It is made of several layers.\nD. It feels warm when touched.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student observes different characteristics of a rock. Which observation best describes a fact about the rock?", "choices": {"text": ["It has a nice surface.", "It is made of several layers.", "It feels warm when touched.", "It has an interesting shape."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student observes different characteristics of a rock. Which observation best describes a fact about the rock?\nA. It has a nice surface.\nB. It is made of several layers.\nC. It feels warm when touched.\nD. It has an interesting shape.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student observes different characteristics of a rock. Which observation best describes a fact about the rock?", "choices": {"text": ["It has a nice surface.", "It has an interesting shape.", "It is made of several layers.", "It feels warm when touched."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student observes different characteristics of a rock. Which observation best describes a fact about the rock?\n1. It has a nice surface.\n2. It has an interesting shape.\n3. It is made of several layers.\n4. It feels warm when touched.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student observes different characteristics of a rock. Which observation best describes a fact about the rock?", "choices": {"text": ["It has a nice surface.", "It has an interesting shape.", "It is made of several layers.", "It feels warm when touched."], "label": ["S", "T", "M", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student observes different characteristics of a rock. Which observation best describes a fact about the rock?\nS. It has a nice surface.\nT. It has an interesting shape.\nM. It is made of several layers.\nO. It feels warm when touched.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student observes different characteristics of a rock. Which observation best describes a fact about the rock?", "choices": {"text": ["It has a nice surface.", "It is made of several layers.", "It feels warm when touched.", "It has an interesting shape."], "label": ["S", "T", "M", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student observes different characteristics of a rock. Which observation best describes a fact about the rock?\nS. It has a nice surface.\nT. It is made of several layers.\nM. It feels warm when touched.\nO. It has an interesting shape.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3023}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2013_7_13", "question": "Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?", "choices": {"text": ["the skeletal system", "the endocrine system", "the respiratory system", "the integumentary system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?\nA. the skeletal system\nB. the endocrine system\nC. the respiratory system\nD. the integumentary system\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?", "choices": {"text": ["the integumentary system", "the endocrine system", "the respiratory system", "the skeletal system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?\nA. the integumentary system\nB. the endocrine system\nC. the respiratory system\nD. the skeletal system\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?", "choices": {"text": ["the skeletal system", "the endocrine system", "the respiratory system", "the integumentary system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?\n1. the skeletal system\n2. the endocrine system\n3. the respiratory system\n4. the integumentary system\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?", "choices": {"text": ["the skeletal system", "the endocrine system", "the respiratory system", "the integumentary system"], "label": ["K", "V", "N", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?\nK. the skeletal system\nV. the endocrine system\nN. the respiratory system\nU. the integumentary system\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?", "choices": {"text": ["the integumentary system", "the endocrine system", "the respiratory system", "the skeletal system"], "label": ["K", "V", "N", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?\nK. the integumentary system\nV. the endocrine system\nN. the respiratory system\nU. the skeletal system\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3024}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2014_8_11", "question": "At one station in a production line, a worker must drill a hole in each end of wooden boards. At the next station, another worker attaches two of the boards together using metal fasteners that fit in the holes. Which of the following processes will ensure that the wooden boards fit together with the fewest errors?", "choices": {"text": ["placing the parts on a conveyor belt to keep them moving quickly", "using a fixture to hold the boards in place as the holes are drilled", "inspecting the boards after they are attached to each other", "installing equipment to protect workers from debris"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At one station in a production line, a worker must drill a hole in each end of wooden boards. At the next station, another worker attaches two of the boards together using metal fasteners that fit in the holes. Which of the following processes will ensure that the wooden boards fit together with the fewest errors?\nA. placing the parts on a conveyor belt to keep them moving quickly\nB. using a fixture to hold the boards in place as the holes are drilled\nC. inspecting the boards after they are attached to each other\nD. installing equipment to protect workers from debris\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "At one station in a production line, a worker must drill a hole in each end of wooden boards. At the next station, another worker attaches two of the boards together using metal fasteners that fit in the holes. Which of the following processes will ensure that the wooden boards fit together with the fewest errors?", "choices": {"text": ["using a fixture to hold the boards in place as the holes are drilled", "installing equipment to protect workers from debris", "placing the parts on a conveyor belt to keep them moving quickly", "inspecting the boards after they are attached to each other"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At one station in a production line, a worker must drill a hole in each end of wooden boards. At the next station, another worker attaches two of the boards together using metal fasteners that fit in the holes. Which of the following processes will ensure that the wooden boards fit together with the fewest errors?\nA. using a fixture to hold the boards in place as the holes are drilled\nB. installing equipment to protect workers from debris\nC. placing the parts on a conveyor belt to keep them moving quickly\nD. inspecting the boards after they are attached to each other\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "At one station in a production line, a worker must drill a hole in each end of wooden boards. At the next station, another worker attaches two of the boards together using metal fasteners that fit in the holes. Which of the following processes will ensure that the wooden boards fit together with the fewest errors?", "choices": {"text": ["placing the parts on a conveyor belt to keep them moving quickly", "using a fixture to hold the boards in place as the holes are drilled", "inspecting the boards after they are attached to each other", "installing equipment to protect workers from debris"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: At one station in a production line, a worker must drill a hole in each end of wooden boards. At the next station, another worker attaches two of the boards together using metal fasteners that fit in the holes. Which of the following processes will ensure that the wooden boards fit together with the fewest errors?\n1. placing the parts on a conveyor belt to keep them moving quickly\n2. using a fixture to hold the boards in place as the holes are drilled\n3. inspecting the boards after they are attached to each other\n4. installing equipment to protect workers from debris\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At one station in a production line, a worker must drill a hole in each end of wooden boards. At the next station, another worker attaches two of the boards together using metal fasteners that fit in the holes. Which of the following processes will ensure that the wooden boards fit together with the fewest errors?", "choices": {"text": ["placing the parts on a conveyor belt to keep them moving quickly", "using a fixture to hold the boards in place as the holes are drilled", "inspecting the boards after they are attached to each other", "installing equipment to protect workers from debris"], "label": ["N", "X", "K", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: At one station in a production line, a worker must drill a hole in each end of wooden boards. At the next station, another worker attaches two of the boards together using metal fasteners that fit in the holes. Which of the following processes will ensure that the wooden boards fit together with the fewest errors?\nN. placing the parts on a conveyor belt to keep them moving quickly\nX. using a fixture to hold the boards in place as the holes are drilled\nK. inspecting the boards after they are attached to each other\nC. installing equipment to protect workers from debris\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At one station in a production line, a worker must drill a hole in each end of wooden boards. At the next station, another worker attaches two of the boards together using metal fasteners that fit in the holes. Which of the following processes will ensure that the wooden boards fit together with the fewest errors?", "choices": {"text": ["using a fixture to hold the boards in place as the holes are drilled", "installing equipment to protect workers from debris", "placing the parts on a conveyor belt to keep them moving quickly", "inspecting the boards after they are attached to each other"], "label": ["N", "X", "K", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: At one station in a production line, a worker must drill a hole in each end of wooden boards. At the next station, another worker attaches two of the boards together using metal fasteners that fit in the holes. Which of the following processes will ensure that the wooden boards fit together with the fewest errors?\nN. using a fixture to hold the boards in place as the holes are drilled\nX. installing equipment to protect workers from debris\nK. placing the parts on a conveyor belt to keep them moving quickly\nC. inspecting the boards after they are attached to each other\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3025}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2007_5_12", "question": "A student places a ball on the ground and kicks it. The ball moves along the ground. Why does the ball move?", "choices": {"text": ["The kick decreases the weight of the ball.", "The kick applies a contact force to the ball.", "The kick decreases the force of gravity acting on the ball.", "The kick removes friction between the ball and the ground."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student places a ball on the ground and kicks it. The ball moves along the ground. Why does the ball move?\nA. The kick decreases the weight of the ball.\nB. The kick applies a contact force to the ball.\nC. The kick decreases the force of gravity acting on the ball.\nD. The kick removes friction between the ball and the ground.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student places a ball on the ground and kicks it. The ball moves along the ground. Why does the ball move?", "choices": {"text": ["The kick applies a contact force to the ball.", "The kick decreases the force of gravity acting on the ball.", "The kick decreases the weight of the ball.", "The kick removes friction between the ball and the ground."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student places a ball on the ground and kicks it. The ball moves along the ground. Why does the ball move?\nA. The kick applies a contact force to the ball.\nB. The kick decreases the force of gravity acting on the ball.\nC. The kick decreases the weight of the ball.\nD. The kick removes friction between the ball and the ground.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student places a ball on the ground and kicks it. The ball moves along the ground. Why does the ball move?", "choices": {"text": ["The kick decreases the weight of the ball.", "The kick applies a contact force to the ball.", "The kick decreases the force of gravity acting on the ball.", "The kick removes friction between the ball and the ground."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student places a ball on the ground and kicks it. The ball moves along the ground. Why does the ball move?\n1. The kick decreases the weight of the ball.\n2. The kick applies a contact force to the ball.\n3. The kick decreases the force of gravity acting on the ball.\n4. The kick removes friction between the ball and the ground.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student places a ball on the ground and kicks it. The ball moves along the ground. Why does the ball move?", "choices": {"text": ["The kick decreases the weight of the ball.", "The kick applies a contact force to the ball.", "The kick decreases the force of gravity acting on the ball.", "The kick removes friction between the ball and the ground."], "label": ["U", "E", "N", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student places a ball on the ground and kicks it. The ball moves along the ground. Why does the ball move?\nU. The kick decreases the weight of the ball.\nE. The kick applies a contact force to the ball.\nN. The kick decreases the force of gravity acting on the ball.\nM. The kick removes friction between the ball and the ground.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student places a ball on the ground and kicks it. The ball moves along the ground. Why does the ball move?", "choices": {"text": ["The kick applies a contact force to the ball.", "The kick decreases the force of gravity acting on the ball.", "The kick decreases the weight of the ball.", "The kick removes friction between the ball and the ground."], "label": ["U", "E", "N", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student places a ball on the ground and kicks it. The ball moves along the ground. Why does the ball move?\nU. The kick applies a contact force to the ball.\nE. The kick decreases the force of gravity acting on the ball.\nN. The kick decreases the weight of the ball.\nM. The kick removes friction between the ball and the ground.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3026}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_4_24", "question": "Why do identical twins usually look like each other?", "choices": {"text": ["They were born on the same day.", "They have the same kinds of interests.", "They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.", "They were taught the same kinds of things at home."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do identical twins usually look like each other?\nA. They were born on the same day.\nB. They have the same kinds of interests.\nC. They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.\nD. They were taught the same kinds of things at home.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do identical twins usually look like each other?", "choices": {"text": ["They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.", "They have the same kinds of interests.", "They were born on the same day.", "They were taught the same kinds of things at home."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do identical twins usually look like each other?\nA. They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.\nB. They have the same kinds of interests.\nC. They were born on the same day.\nD. They were taught the same kinds of things at home.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do identical twins usually look like each other?", "choices": {"text": ["They were born on the same day.", "They have the same kinds of interests.", "They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.", "They were taught the same kinds of things at home."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do identical twins usually look like each other?\n1. They were born on the same day.\n2. They have the same kinds of interests.\n3. They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.\n4. They were taught the same kinds of things at home.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do identical twins usually look like each other?", "choices": {"text": ["They were born on the same day.", "They have the same kinds of interests.", "They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.", "They were taught the same kinds of things at home."], "label": ["B", "J", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do identical twins usually look like each other?\nB. They were born on the same day.\nJ. They have the same kinds of interests.\nN. They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.\nI. They were taught the same kinds of things at home.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do identical twins usually look like each other?", "choices": {"text": ["They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.", "They have the same kinds of interests.", "They were born on the same day.", "They were taught the same kinds of things at home."], "label": ["B", "J", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do identical twins usually look like each other?\nB. They inherited the same characteristics from their parents.\nJ. They have the same kinds of interests.\nN. They were born on the same day.\nI. They were taught the same kinds of things at home.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3027}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1999_8_31", "question": "The process by which information is encoded, transmitted, stored, decoded, and retrieved is called", "choices": {"text": ["manufacturing technology.", "transportation technology.", "construction technology.", "communication technology."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process by which information is encoded, transmitted, stored, decoded, and retrieved is called\nA. manufacturing technology.\nB. transportation technology.\nC. construction technology.\nD. communication technology.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The process by which information is encoded, transmitted, stored, decoded, and retrieved is called", "choices": {"text": ["communication technology.", "construction technology.", "manufacturing technology.", "transportation technology."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process by which information is encoded, transmitted, stored, decoded, and retrieved is called\nA. communication technology.\nB. construction technology.\nC. manufacturing technology.\nD. transportation technology.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The process by which information is encoded, transmitted, stored, decoded, and retrieved is called", "choices": {"text": ["manufacturing technology.", "transportation technology.", "construction technology.", "communication technology."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process by which information is encoded, transmitted, stored, decoded, and retrieved is called\n1. manufacturing technology.\n2. transportation technology.\n3. construction technology.\n4. communication technology.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The process by which information is encoded, transmitted, stored, decoded, and retrieved is called", "choices": {"text": ["manufacturing technology.", "transportation technology.", "construction technology.", "communication technology."], "label": ["W", "O", "V", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process by which information is encoded, transmitted, stored, decoded, and retrieved is called\nW. manufacturing technology.\nO. transportation technology.\nV. construction technology.\nL. communication technology.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The process by which information is encoded, transmitted, stored, decoded, and retrieved is called", "choices": {"text": ["communication technology.", "construction technology.", "manufacturing technology.", "transportation technology."], "label": ["W", "O", "V", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process by which information is encoded, transmitted, stored, decoded, and retrieved is called\nW. communication technology.\nO. construction technology.\nV. manufacturing technology.\nL. transportation technology.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3028}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7212853", "question": "Elements are organized on the periodic table according to", "choices": {"text": ["electronegativity values.", "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "the number of neutrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Elements are organized on the periodic table according to\nA. electronegativity values.\nB. atomic mass.\nC. atomic number.\nD. the number of neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Elements are organized on the periodic table according to", "choices": {"text": ["electronegativity values.", "atomic mass.", "the number of neutrons.", "atomic number."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Elements are organized on the periodic table according to\nA. electronegativity values.\nB. atomic mass.\nC. the number of neutrons.\nD. atomic number.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Elements are organized on the periodic table according to", "choices": {"text": ["electronegativity values.", "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "the number of neutrons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Elements are organized on the periodic table according to\n1. electronegativity values.\n2. atomic mass.\n3. atomic number.\n4. the number of neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Elements are organized on the periodic table according to", "choices": {"text": ["electronegativity values.", "atomic mass.", "atomic number.", "the number of neutrons."], "label": ["V", "C", "X", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Elements are organized on the periodic table according to\nV. electronegativity values.\nC. atomic mass.\nX. atomic number.\nN. the number of neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Elements are organized on the periodic table according to", "choices": {"text": ["electronegativity values.", "atomic mass.", "the number of neutrons.", "atomic number."], "label": ["V", "C", "X", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Elements are organized on the periodic table according to\nV. electronegativity values.\nC. atomic mass.\nX. the number of neutrons.\nN. atomic number.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3029}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400808", "question": "Chromium is characterized by a very high melting point. Use the Periodic Table of the Elements to identify which of these elements most likely has a similar melting point.", "choices": {"text": ["potassium", "manganese", "bromine", "krypton"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Chromium is characterized by a very high melting point. Use the Periodic Table of the Elements to identify which of these elements most likely has a similar melting point.\nA. potassium\nB. manganese\nC. bromine\nD. krypton\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Chromium is characterized by a very high melting point. Use the Periodic Table of the Elements to identify which of these elements most likely has a similar melting point.", "choices": {"text": ["bromine", "krypton", "manganese", "potassium"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Chromium is characterized by a very high melting point. Use the Periodic Table of the Elements to identify which of these elements most likely has a similar melting point.\nA. bromine\nB. krypton\nC. manganese\nD. potassium\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Chromium is characterized by a very high melting point. Use the Periodic Table of the Elements to identify which of these elements most likely has a similar melting point.", "choices": {"text": ["potassium", "manganese", "bromine", "krypton"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Chromium is characterized by a very high melting point. Use the Periodic Table of the Elements to identify which of these elements most likely has a similar melting point.\n1. potassium\n2. manganese\n3. bromine\n4. krypton\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Chromium is characterized by a very high melting point. Use the Periodic Table of the Elements to identify which of these elements most likely has a similar melting point.", "choices": {"text": ["potassium", "manganese", "bromine", "krypton"], "label": ["N", "X", "P", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Chromium is characterized by a very high melting point. Use the Periodic Table of the Elements to identify which of these elements most likely has a similar melting point.\nN. potassium\nX. manganese\nP. bromine\nZ. krypton\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Chromium is characterized by a very high melting point. Use the Periodic Table of the Elements to identify which of these elements most likely has a similar melting point.", "choices": {"text": ["bromine", "krypton", "manganese", "potassium"], "label": ["N", "X", "P", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Chromium is characterized by a very high melting point. Use the Periodic Table of the Elements to identify which of these elements most likely has a similar melting point.\nN. bromine\nX. krypton\nP. manganese\nZ. potassium\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3030}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_404895", "question": "A scientist finds a plant and states that it is a new species. Which is the best way to verify that it is a new species?", "choices": {"text": ["develop a theory about the plant", "compare the plant to other plants", "observe the plant with a microscope", "determine the best growing conditions for the plant"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist finds a plant and states that it is a new species. Which is the best way to verify that it is a new species?\nA. develop a theory about the plant\nB. compare the plant to other plants\nC. observe the plant with a microscope\nD. determine the best growing conditions for the plant\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist finds a plant and states that it is a new species. Which is the best way to verify that it is a new species?", "choices": {"text": ["develop a theory about the plant", "determine the best growing conditions for the plant", "compare the plant to other plants", "observe the plant with a microscope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist finds a plant and states that it is a new species. Which is the best way to verify that it is a new species?\nA. develop a theory about the plant\nB. determine the best growing conditions for the plant\nC. compare the plant to other plants\nD. observe the plant with a microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist finds a plant and states that it is a new species. Which is the best way to verify that it is a new species?", "choices": {"text": ["develop a theory about the plant", "compare the plant to other plants", "observe the plant with a microscope", "determine the best growing conditions for the plant"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist finds a plant and states that it is a new species. Which is the best way to verify that it is a new species?\n1. develop a theory about the plant\n2. compare the plant to other plants\n3. observe the plant with a microscope\n4. determine the best growing conditions for the plant\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist finds a plant and states that it is a new species. Which is the best way to verify that it is a new species?", "choices": {"text": ["develop a theory about the plant", "compare the plant to other plants", "observe the plant with a microscope", "determine the best growing conditions for the plant"], "label": ["X", "G", "V", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist finds a plant and states that it is a new species. Which is the best way to verify that it is a new species?\nX. develop a theory about the plant\nG. compare the plant to other plants\nV. observe the plant with a microscope\nU. determine the best growing conditions for the plant\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist finds a plant and states that it is a new species. Which is the best way to verify that it is a new species?", "choices": {"text": ["develop a theory about the plant", "determine the best growing conditions for the plant", "compare the plant to other plants", "observe the plant with a microscope"], "label": ["X", "G", "V", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist finds a plant and states that it is a new species. Which is the best way to verify that it is a new species?\nX. develop a theory about the plant\nG. determine the best growing conditions for the plant\nV. compare the plant to other plants\nU. observe the plant with a microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3031}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_8_19", "question": "The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands", "choices": {"text": ["moisture.", "vibration.", "heat.", "light."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands\nA. moisture.\nB. vibration.\nC. heat.\nD. light.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands", "choices": {"text": ["moisture.", "heat.", "vibration.", "light."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands\nA. moisture.\nB. heat.\nC. vibration.\nD. light.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands", "choices": {"text": ["moisture.", "vibration.", "heat.", "light."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands\n1. moisture.\n2. vibration.\n3. heat.\n4. light.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands", "choices": {"text": ["moisture.", "vibration.", "heat.", "light."], "label": ["I", "F", "Z", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands\nI. moisture.\nF. vibration.\nZ. heat.\nP. light.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands", "choices": {"text": ["moisture.", "heat.", "vibration.", "light."], "label": ["I", "F", "Z", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bottom of the space shuttle is covered with ceramic tile. This material was chosen because it withstands\nI. moisture.\nF. heat.\nZ. vibration.\nP. light.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3032}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_415684", "question": "What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?", "choices": {"text": ["sunburn on the skin surface", "disinfection of the skin tissues", "feeling of warmth on the skin", "immediate death of skin cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?\nA. sunburn on the skin surface\nB. disinfection of the skin tissues\nC. feeling of warmth on the skin\nD. immediate death of skin cells\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?", "choices": {"text": ["sunburn on the skin surface", "disinfection of the skin tissues", "immediate death of skin cells", "feeling of warmth on the skin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?\nA. sunburn on the skin surface\nB. disinfection of the skin tissues\nC. immediate death of skin cells\nD. feeling of warmth on the skin\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?", "choices": {"text": ["sunburn on the skin surface", "disinfection of the skin tissues", "feeling of warmth on the skin", "immediate death of skin cells"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?\n1. sunburn on the skin surface\n2. disinfection of the skin tissues\n3. feeling of warmth on the skin\n4. immediate death of skin cells\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?", "choices": {"text": ["sunburn on the skin surface", "disinfection of the skin tissues", "feeling of warmth on the skin", "immediate death of skin cells"], "label": ["W", "O", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?\nW. sunburn on the skin surface\nO. disinfection of the skin tissues\nX. feeling of warmth on the skin\nK. immediate death of skin cells\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?", "choices": {"text": ["sunburn on the skin surface", "disinfection of the skin tissues", "immediate death of skin cells", "feeling of warmth on the skin"], "label": ["W", "O", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the effect of absorption of infrared light by human skin?\nW. sunburn on the skin surface\nO. disinfection of the skin tissues\nX. immediate death of skin cells\nK. feeling of warmth on the skin\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3033}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7068705", "question": "Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?", "choices": {"text": ["sand", "shale", "clay", "silt"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?\nA. sand\nB. shale\nC. clay\nD. silt\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?", "choices": {"text": ["silt", "clay", "shale", "sand"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?\nA. silt\nB. clay\nC. shale\nD. sand\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?", "choices": {"text": ["sand", "shale", "clay", "silt"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?\n1. sand\n2. shale\n3. clay\n4. silt\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?", "choices": {"text": ["sand", "shale", "clay", "silt"], "label": ["T", "Q", "L", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?\nT. sand\nQ. shale\nL. clay\nJ. silt\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?", "choices": {"text": ["silt", "clay", "shale", "sand"], "label": ["T", "Q", "L", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?\nT. silt\nQ. clay\nL. shale\nJ. sand\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3034}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_5_17668", "question": "Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?", "choices": {"text": ["Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.", "Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.", "Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.", "Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?\nA. Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.\nB. Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.\nC. Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.\nD. Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?", "choices": {"text": ["Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.", "Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.", "Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.", "Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?\nA. Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.\nB. Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.\nC. Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.\nD. Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?", "choices": {"text": ["Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.", "Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.", "Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.", "Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?\n1. Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.\n2. Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.\n3. Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.\n4. Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?", "choices": {"text": ["Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.", "Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.", "Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.", "Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter."], "label": ["D", "W", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?\nD. Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.\nW. Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.\nB. Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.\nM. Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?", "choices": {"text": ["Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.", "Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.", "Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.", "Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter."], "label": ["D", "W", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes sandy soils?\nD. Sandy soils hold plant roots tightly in place to prevent erosion.\nW. Sandy soils allow water to drain quickly.\nB. Sandy soils easily break down into clay sediments.\nM. Sandy soils have high levels of decomposed plant and animal matter.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3035}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_402332", "question": "What type of rock was the fossil most likely found in?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous", "volcanic", "sedimentary", "metamorphic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of rock was the fossil most likely found in?\nA. igneous\nB. volcanic\nC. sedimentary\nD. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of rock was the fossil most likely found in?", "choices": {"text": ["sedimentary", "volcanic", "metamorphic", "igneous"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of rock was the fossil most likely found in?\nA. sedimentary\nB. volcanic\nC. metamorphic\nD. igneous\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of rock was the fossil most likely found in?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous", "volcanic", "sedimentary", "metamorphic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of rock was the fossil most likely found in?\n1. igneous\n2. volcanic\n3. sedimentary\n4. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of rock was the fossil most likely found in?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous", "volcanic", "sedimentary", "metamorphic"], "label": ["J", "G", "E", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of rock was the fossil most likely found in?\nJ. igneous\nG. volcanic\nE. sedimentary\nT. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of rock was the fossil most likely found in?", "choices": {"text": ["sedimentary", "volcanic", "metamorphic", "igneous"], "label": ["J", "G", "E", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of rock was the fossil most likely found in?\nJ. sedimentary\nG. volcanic\nE. metamorphic\nT. igneous\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3036}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400601", "question": "Which source produces light from nuclear energy?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun", "a stove burner", "the Moon", "a light bulb"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which source produces light from nuclear energy?\nA. the Sun\nB. a stove burner\nC. the Moon\nD. a light bulb\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which source produces light from nuclear energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a light bulb", "the Sun", "a stove burner", "the Moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which source produces light from nuclear energy?\nA. a light bulb\nB. the Sun\nC. a stove burner\nD. the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which source produces light from nuclear energy?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun", "a stove burner", "the Moon", "a light bulb"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which source produces light from nuclear energy?\n1. the Sun\n2. a stove burner\n3. the Moon\n4. a light bulb\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which source produces light from nuclear energy?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun", "a stove burner", "the Moon", "a light bulb"], "label": ["Y", "T", "N", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which source produces light from nuclear energy?\nY. the Sun\nT. a stove burner\nN. the Moon\nB. a light bulb\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which source produces light from nuclear energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a light bulb", "the Sun", "a stove burner", "the Moon"], "label": ["Y", "T", "N", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which source produces light from nuclear energy?\nY. a light bulb\nT. the Sun\nN. a stove burner\nB. the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3037}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_5_27", "question": "A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop?", "choices": {"text": ["The motion of the ball", "The speed of the ball", "Friction from the ground", "A magnetic field"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop?\nA. The motion of the ball\nB. The speed of the ball\nC. Friction from the ground\nD. A magnetic field\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop?", "choices": {"text": ["Friction from the ground", "The motion of the ball", "The speed of the ball", "A magnetic field"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop?\nA. Friction from the ground\nB. The motion of the ball\nC. The speed of the ball\nD. A magnetic field\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop?", "choices": {"text": ["The motion of the ball", "The speed of the ball", "Friction from the ground", "A magnetic field"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop?\n1. The motion of the ball\n2. The speed of the ball\n3. Friction from the ground\n4. A magnetic field\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop?", "choices": {"text": ["The motion of the ball", "The speed of the ball", "Friction from the ground", "A magnetic field"], "label": ["R", "O", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop?\nR. The motion of the ball\nO. The speed of the ball\nQ. Friction from the ground\nZ. A magnetic field\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop?", "choices": {"text": ["Friction from the ground", "The motion of the ball", "The speed of the ball", "A magnetic field"], "label": ["R", "O", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop?\nR. Friction from the ground\nO. The motion of the ball\nQ. The speed of the ball\nZ. A magnetic field\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3038}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7180705", "question": "In the human body, the circulatory system works with the respiratory system by", "choices": {"text": ["producing red blood cells.", "transporting oxygen to organs.", "providing nutrients to muscles.", "controlling the movement of the lungs."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the human body, the circulatory system works with the respiratory system by\nA. producing red blood cells.\nB. transporting oxygen to organs.\nC. providing nutrients to muscles.\nD. controlling the movement of the lungs.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the human body, the circulatory system works with the respiratory system by", "choices": {"text": ["producing red blood cells.", "controlling the movement of the lungs.", "transporting oxygen to organs.", "providing nutrients to muscles."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the human body, the circulatory system works with the respiratory system by\nA. producing red blood cells.\nB. controlling the movement of the lungs.\nC. transporting oxygen to organs.\nD. providing nutrients to muscles.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the human body, the circulatory system works with the respiratory system by", "choices": {"text": ["producing red blood cells.", "transporting oxygen to organs.", "providing nutrients to muscles.", "controlling the movement of the lungs."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the human body, the circulatory system works with the respiratory system by\n1. producing red blood cells.\n2. transporting oxygen to organs.\n3. providing nutrients to muscles.\n4. controlling the movement of the lungs.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the human body, the circulatory system works with the respiratory system by", "choices": {"text": ["producing red blood cells.", "transporting oxygen to organs.", "providing nutrients to muscles.", "controlling the movement of the lungs."], "label": ["D", "W", "J", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the human body, the circulatory system works with the respiratory system by\nD. producing red blood cells.\nW. transporting oxygen to organs.\nJ. providing nutrients to muscles.\nX. controlling the movement of the lungs.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the human body, the circulatory system works with the respiratory system by", "choices": {"text": ["producing red blood cells.", "controlling the movement of the lungs.", "transporting oxygen to organs.", "providing nutrients to muscles."], "label": ["D", "W", "J", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the human body, the circulatory system works with the respiratory system by\nD. producing red blood cells.\nW. controlling the movement of the lungs.\nJ. transporting oxygen to organs.\nX. providing nutrients to muscles.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3039}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406153", "question": "What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "magnetic", "push"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?\nA. gravity\nB. friction\nC. magnetic\nD. push\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic", "push", "friction", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?\nA. magnetic\nB. push\nC. friction\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "magnetic", "push"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?\n1. gravity\n2. friction\n3. magnetic\n4. push\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "magnetic", "push"], "label": ["O", "T", "N", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?\nO. gravity\nT. friction\nN. magnetic\nG. push\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic", "push", "friction", "gravity"], "label": ["O", "T", "N", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: What kind of force do brakes use to stop a moving bicycle?\nO. magnetic\nT. push\nN. friction\nG. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3040}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408919", "question": "The first powerful telescopes were built during the early 1600s. Scientists at that time were able to learn more about which subject by using the telescope?", "choices": {"text": ["the shape of continents of Earth", "the effect of storms and hurricanes", "forces changing the surface of Earth", "planets and moons in the solar system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The first powerful telescopes were built during the early 1600s. Scientists at that time were able to learn more about which subject by using the telescope?\nA. the shape of continents of Earth\nB. the effect of storms and hurricanes\nC. forces changing the surface of Earth\nD. planets and moons in the solar system\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The first powerful telescopes were built during the early 1600s. Scientists at that time were able to learn more about which subject by using the telescope?", "choices": {"text": ["planets and moons in the solar system", "forces changing the surface of Earth", "the shape of continents of Earth", "the effect of storms and hurricanes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The first powerful telescopes were built during the early 1600s. Scientists at that time were able to learn more about which subject by using the telescope?\nA. planets and moons in the solar system\nB. forces changing the surface of Earth\nC. the shape of continents of Earth\nD. the effect of storms and hurricanes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The first powerful telescopes were built during the early 1600s. Scientists at that time were able to learn more about which subject by using the telescope?", "choices": {"text": ["the shape of continents of Earth", "the effect of storms and hurricanes", "forces changing the surface of Earth", "planets and moons in the solar system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The first powerful telescopes were built during the early 1600s. Scientists at that time were able to learn more about which subject by using the telescope?\n1. the shape of continents of Earth\n2. the effect of storms and hurricanes\n3. forces changing the surface of Earth\n4. planets and moons in the solar system\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The first powerful telescopes were built during the early 1600s. Scientists at that time were able to learn more about which subject by using the telescope?", "choices": {"text": ["the shape of continents of Earth", "the effect of storms and hurricanes", "forces changing the surface of Earth", "planets and moons in the solar system"], "label": ["B", "S", "N", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The first powerful telescopes were built during the early 1600s. Scientists at that time were able to learn more about which subject by using the telescope?\nB. the shape of continents of Earth\nS. the effect of storms and hurricanes\nN. forces changing the surface of Earth\nO. planets and moons in the solar system\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The first powerful telescopes were built during the early 1600s. Scientists at that time were able to learn more about which subject by using the telescope?", "choices": {"text": ["planets and moons in the solar system", "forces changing the surface of Earth", "the shape of continents of Earth", "the effect of storms and hurricanes"], "label": ["B", "S", "N", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The first powerful telescopes were built during the early 1600s. Scientists at that time were able to learn more about which subject by using the telescope?\nB. planets and moons in the solar system\nS. forces changing the surface of Earth\nN. the shape of continents of Earth\nO. the effect of storms and hurricanes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3041}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7024745", "question": "A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?", "choices": {"text": ["rain gauge", "light meter", "tape measure", "thermometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?\nA. rain gauge\nB. light meter\nC. tape measure\nD. thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "rain gauge", "tape measure", "light meter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?\nA. thermometer\nB. rain gauge\nC. tape measure\nD. light meter\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?", "choices": {"text": ["rain gauge", "light meter", "tape measure", "thermometer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?\n1. rain gauge\n2. light meter\n3. tape measure\n4. thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?", "choices": {"text": ["rain gauge", "light meter", "tape measure", "thermometer"], "label": ["J", "I", "B", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?\nJ. rain gauge\nI. light meter\nB. tape measure\nG. thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "rain gauge", "tape measure", "light meter"], "label": ["J", "I", "B", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to perform an experiment to determine what temperature is best for growing tomato plants. Which is the best piece of equipment to use in this experiment to measure the independent variable?\nJ. thermometer\nI. rain gauge\nB. tape measure\nG. light meter\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3042}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2008_5_6", "question": "Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "freezing", "melting", "precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?\nA. evaporation\nB. freezing\nC. melting\nD. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "precipitation", "freezing", "melting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?\nA. evaporation\nB. precipitation\nC. freezing\nD. melting\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "freezing", "melting", "precipitation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?\n1. evaporation\n2. freezing\n3. melting\n4. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "freezing", "melting", "precipitation"], "label": ["R", "S", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?\nR. evaporation\nS. freezing\nZ. melting\nW. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "precipitation", "freezing", "melting"], "label": ["R", "S", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Glaciers are slow-moving sheets of ice found on land. What process occurs when glacial ice is heated to 5° Celsius?\nR. evaporation\nS. precipitation\nZ. freezing\nW. melting\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3043}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7090930", "question": "Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that", "choices": {"text": ["sediments are being deposited.", "water is being polluted.", "rocks are being weathered.", "ground water is being depleted."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that\nA. sediments are being deposited.\nB. water is being polluted.\nC. rocks are being weathered.\nD. ground water is being depleted.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that", "choices": {"text": ["rocks are being weathered.", "ground water is being depleted.", "water is being polluted.", "sediments are being deposited."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that\nA. rocks are being weathered.\nB. ground water is being depleted.\nC. water is being polluted.\nD. sediments are being deposited.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that", "choices": {"text": ["sediments are being deposited.", "water is being polluted.", "rocks are being weathered.", "ground water is being depleted."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that\n1. sediments are being deposited.\n2. water is being polluted.\n3. rocks are being weathered.\n4. ground water is being depleted.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that", "choices": {"text": ["sediments are being deposited.", "water is being polluted.", "rocks are being weathered.", "ground water is being depleted."], "label": ["U", "X", "S", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that\nU. sediments are being deposited.\nX. water is being polluted.\nS. rocks are being weathered.\nG. ground water is being depleted.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that", "choices": {"text": ["rocks are being weathered.", "ground water is being depleted.", "water is being polluted.", "sediments are being deposited."], "label": ["U", "X", "S", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Land subsidence (ground level dropping) is most likely an indication that\nU. rocks are being weathered.\nX. ground water is being depleted.\nS. water is being polluted.\nG. sediments are being deposited.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3044}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7033373", "question": "The United States government limits the use of certain pesticides through laws passed in the Endangered Species Protection Program. Which is the most likely reason to enforce laws that limit pesticide use?", "choices": {"text": ["Some pesticides are expensive.", "Some pesticides fail to control insects.", "Some pesticides give off foul odors.", "Some pesticides can harm non-targeted species."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The United States government limits the use of certain pesticides through laws passed in the Endangered Species Protection Program. Which is the most likely reason to enforce laws that limit pesticide use?\nA. Some pesticides are expensive.\nB. Some pesticides fail to control insects.\nC. Some pesticides give off foul odors.\nD. Some pesticides can harm non-targeted species.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The United States government limits the use of certain pesticides through laws passed in the Endangered Species Protection Program. Which is the most likely reason to enforce laws that limit pesticide use?", "choices": {"text": ["Some pesticides fail to control insects.", "Some pesticides can harm non-targeted species.", "Some pesticides are expensive.", "Some pesticides give off foul odors."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The United States government limits the use of certain pesticides through laws passed in the Endangered Species Protection Program. Which is the most likely reason to enforce laws that limit pesticide use?\nA. Some pesticides fail to control insects.\nB. Some pesticides can harm non-targeted species.\nC. Some pesticides are expensive.\nD. Some pesticides give off foul odors.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The United States government limits the use of certain pesticides through laws passed in the Endangered Species Protection Program. Which is the most likely reason to enforce laws that limit pesticide use?", "choices": {"text": ["Some pesticides are expensive.", "Some pesticides fail to control insects.", "Some pesticides give off foul odors.", "Some pesticides can harm non-targeted species."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The United States government limits the use of certain pesticides through laws passed in the Endangered Species Protection Program. Which is the most likely reason to enforce laws that limit pesticide use?\n1. Some pesticides are expensive.\n2. Some pesticides fail to control insects.\n3. Some pesticides give off foul odors.\n4. Some pesticides can harm non-targeted species.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The United States government limits the use of certain pesticides through laws passed in the Endangered Species Protection Program. Which is the most likely reason to enforce laws that limit pesticide use?", "choices": {"text": ["Some pesticides are expensive.", "Some pesticides fail to control insects.", "Some pesticides give off foul odors.", "Some pesticides can harm non-targeted species."], "label": ["Y", "V", "Z", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The United States government limits the use of certain pesticides through laws passed in the Endangered Species Protection Program. Which is the most likely reason to enforce laws that limit pesticide use?\nY. Some pesticides are expensive.\nV. Some pesticides fail to control insects.\nZ. Some pesticides give off foul odors.\nX. Some pesticides can harm non-targeted species.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The United States government limits the use of certain pesticides through laws passed in the Endangered Species Protection Program. Which is the most likely reason to enforce laws that limit pesticide use?", "choices": {"text": ["Some pesticides fail to control insects.", "Some pesticides can harm non-targeted species.", "Some pesticides are expensive.", "Some pesticides give off foul odors."], "label": ["Y", "V", "Z", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The United States government limits the use of certain pesticides through laws passed in the Endangered Species Protection Program. Which is the most likely reason to enforce laws that limit pesticide use?\nY. Some pesticides fail to control insects.\nV. Some pesticides can harm non-targeted species.\nZ. Some pesticides are expensive.\nX. Some pesticides give off foul odors.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3045}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405219", "question": "Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in", "choices": {"text": ["growing food.", "cleaning food.", "keeping food dry.", "keeping food fresh."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in\nA. growing food.\nB. cleaning food.\nC. keeping food dry.\nD. keeping food fresh.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in", "choices": {"text": ["keeping food fresh.", "keeping food dry.", "growing food.", "cleaning food."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in\nA. keeping food fresh.\nB. keeping food dry.\nC. growing food.\nD. cleaning food.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in", "choices": {"text": ["growing food.", "cleaning food.", "keeping food dry.", "keeping food fresh."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in\n1. growing food.\n2. cleaning food.\n3. keeping food dry.\n4. keeping food fresh.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in", "choices": {"text": ["growing food.", "cleaning food.", "keeping food dry.", "keeping food fresh."], "label": ["F", "C", "G", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in\nF. growing food.\nC. cleaning food.\nG. keeping food dry.\nO. keeping food fresh.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in", "choices": {"text": ["keeping food fresh.", "keeping food dry.", "growing food.", "cleaning food."], "label": ["F", "C", "G", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Refrigerators were invented to keep food cold. This is helpful in\nF. keeping food fresh.\nC. keeping food dry.\nG. growing food.\nO. cleaning food.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3046}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402238", "question": "What safety procedure should a student follow when a thermometer is broken during a lab experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["tell the teacher immediately", "stop the experiment immediately", "sweep the glass into a biohazard container", "use a paper towel to pick up the pieces"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What safety procedure should a student follow when a thermometer is broken during a lab experiment?\nA. tell the teacher immediately\nB. stop the experiment immediately\nC. sweep the glass into a biohazard container\nD. use a paper towel to pick up the pieces\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What safety procedure should a student follow when a thermometer is broken during a lab experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["stop the experiment immediately", "sweep the glass into a biohazard container", "tell the teacher immediately", "use a paper towel to pick up the pieces"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What safety procedure should a student follow when a thermometer is broken during a lab experiment?\nA. stop the experiment immediately\nB. sweep the glass into a biohazard container\nC. tell the teacher immediately\nD. use a paper towel to pick up the pieces\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What safety procedure should a student follow when a thermometer is broken during a lab experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["tell the teacher immediately", "stop the experiment immediately", "sweep the glass into a biohazard container", "use a paper towel to pick up the pieces"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What safety procedure should a student follow when a thermometer is broken during a lab experiment?\n1. tell the teacher immediately\n2. stop the experiment immediately\n3. sweep the glass into a biohazard container\n4. use a paper towel to pick up the pieces\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What safety procedure should a student follow when a thermometer is broken during a lab experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["tell the teacher immediately", "stop the experiment immediately", "sweep the glass into a biohazard container", "use a paper towel to pick up the pieces"], "label": ["O", "D", "V", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: What safety procedure should a student follow when a thermometer is broken during a lab experiment?\nO. tell the teacher immediately\nD. stop the experiment immediately\nV. sweep the glass into a biohazard container\nX. use a paper towel to pick up the pieces\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What safety procedure should a student follow when a thermometer is broken during a lab experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["stop the experiment immediately", "sweep the glass into a biohazard container", "tell the teacher immediately", "use a paper towel to pick up the pieces"], "label": ["O", "D", "V", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: What safety procedure should a student follow when a thermometer is broken during a lab experiment?\nO. stop the experiment immediately\nD. sweep the glass into a biohazard container\nV. tell the teacher immediately\nX. use a paper towel to pick up the pieces\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3047}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7215863", "question": "Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?", "choices": {"text": ["filtration", "evaporation", "magnetic separation", "chemical separation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?\nA. filtration\nB. evaporation\nC. magnetic separation\nD. chemical separation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical separation", "magnetic separation", "filtration", "evaporation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?\nA. chemical separation\nB. magnetic separation\nC. filtration\nD. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?", "choices": {"text": ["filtration", "evaporation", "magnetic separation", "chemical separation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?\n1. filtration\n2. evaporation\n3. magnetic separation\n4. chemical separation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?", "choices": {"text": ["filtration", "evaporation", "magnetic separation", "chemical separation"], "label": ["H", "M", "N", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?\nH. filtration\nM. evaporation\nN. magnetic separation\nE. chemical separation\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical separation", "magnetic separation", "filtration", "evaporation"], "label": ["H", "M", "N", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is most effective for separating sodium chloride from a saltwater solution?\nH. chemical separation\nM. magnetic separation\nN. filtration\nE. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3048}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7041300", "question": "Clear cutting of old growth forests in Oregon provides lumber for housing. In the process of clear cutting, plant diversity decreases and some organisms are pushed to extinction. Clear cutting is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a change in aquatic conditions.", "a change in societal conditions.", "a change in atmospheric conditions.", "a change in environmental conditions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clear cutting of old growth forests in Oregon provides lumber for housing. In the process of clear cutting, plant diversity decreases and some organisms are pushed to extinction. Clear cutting is an example of\nA. a change in aquatic conditions.\nB. a change in societal conditions.\nC. a change in atmospheric conditions.\nD. a change in environmental conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Clear cutting of old growth forests in Oregon provides lumber for housing. In the process of clear cutting, plant diversity decreases and some organisms are pushed to extinction. Clear cutting is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a change in environmental conditions.", "a change in aquatic conditions.", "a change in atmospheric conditions.", "a change in societal conditions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clear cutting of old growth forests in Oregon provides lumber for housing. In the process of clear cutting, plant diversity decreases and some organisms are pushed to extinction. Clear cutting is an example of\nA. a change in environmental conditions.\nB. a change in aquatic conditions.\nC. a change in atmospheric conditions.\nD. a change in societal conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Clear cutting of old growth forests in Oregon provides lumber for housing. In the process of clear cutting, plant diversity decreases and some organisms are pushed to extinction. Clear cutting is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a change in aquatic conditions.", "a change in societal conditions.", "a change in atmospheric conditions.", "a change in environmental conditions."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clear cutting of old growth forests in Oregon provides lumber for housing. In the process of clear cutting, plant diversity decreases and some organisms are pushed to extinction. Clear cutting is an example of\n1. a change in aquatic conditions.\n2. a change in societal conditions.\n3. a change in atmospheric conditions.\n4. a change in environmental conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Clear cutting of old growth forests in Oregon provides lumber for housing. In the process of clear cutting, plant diversity decreases and some organisms are pushed to extinction. Clear cutting is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a change in aquatic conditions.", "a change in societal conditions.", "a change in atmospheric conditions.", "a change in environmental conditions."], "label": ["M", "O", "B", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clear cutting of old growth forests in Oregon provides lumber for housing. In the process of clear cutting, plant diversity decreases and some organisms are pushed to extinction. Clear cutting is an example of\nM. a change in aquatic conditions.\nO. a change in societal conditions.\nB. a change in atmospheric conditions.\nH. a change in environmental conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Clear cutting of old growth forests in Oregon provides lumber for housing. In the process of clear cutting, plant diversity decreases and some organisms are pushed to extinction. Clear cutting is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a change in environmental conditions.", "a change in aquatic conditions.", "a change in atmospheric conditions.", "a change in societal conditions."], "label": ["M", "O", "B", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clear cutting of old growth forests in Oregon provides lumber for housing. In the process of clear cutting, plant diversity decreases and some organisms are pushed to extinction. Clear cutting is an example of\nM. a change in environmental conditions.\nO. a change in aquatic conditions.\nB. a change in atmospheric conditions.\nH. a change in societal conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3049}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7190050", "question": "El Niño is a term that refers to the oceanic phenomenon in which the surface water temperatures increase. The increase in water temperature usually occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Which will most likely occur as a result of this phenomenon to cause environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["melting of the polar ice caps", "varied atmospheric conditions", "an increase in volcanic eruptions", "an increase in the length of summers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: El Niño is a term that refers to the oceanic phenomenon in which the surface water temperatures increase. The increase in water temperature usually occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Which will most likely occur as a result of this phenomenon to cause environmental changes?\nA. melting of the polar ice caps\nB. varied atmospheric conditions\nC. an increase in volcanic eruptions\nD. an increase in the length of summers\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "El Niño is a term that refers to the oceanic phenomenon in which the surface water temperatures increase. The increase in water temperature usually occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Which will most likely occur as a result of this phenomenon to cause environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["varied atmospheric conditions", "an increase in the length of summers", "melting of the polar ice caps", "an increase in volcanic eruptions"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: El Niño is a term that refers to the oceanic phenomenon in which the surface water temperatures increase. The increase in water temperature usually occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Which will most likely occur as a result of this phenomenon to cause environmental changes?\nA. varied atmospheric conditions\nB. an increase in the length of summers\nC. melting of the polar ice caps\nD. an increase in volcanic eruptions\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "El Niño is a term that refers to the oceanic phenomenon in which the surface water temperatures increase. The increase in water temperature usually occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Which will most likely occur as a result of this phenomenon to cause environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["melting of the polar ice caps", "varied atmospheric conditions", "an increase in volcanic eruptions", "an increase in the length of summers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: El Niño is a term that refers to the oceanic phenomenon in which the surface water temperatures increase. The increase in water temperature usually occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Which will most likely occur as a result of this phenomenon to cause environmental changes?\n1. melting of the polar ice caps\n2. varied atmospheric conditions\n3. an increase in volcanic eruptions\n4. an increase in the length of summers\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "El Niño is a term that refers to the oceanic phenomenon in which the surface water temperatures increase. The increase in water temperature usually occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Which will most likely occur as a result of this phenomenon to cause environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["melting of the polar ice caps", "varied atmospheric conditions", "an increase in volcanic eruptions", "an increase in the length of summers"], "label": ["X", "L", "F", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: El Niño is a term that refers to the oceanic phenomenon in which the surface water temperatures increase. The increase in water temperature usually occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Which will most likely occur as a result of this phenomenon to cause environmental changes?\nX. melting of the polar ice caps\nL. varied atmospheric conditions\nF. an increase in volcanic eruptions\nK. an increase in the length of summers\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "El Niño is a term that refers to the oceanic phenomenon in which the surface water temperatures increase. The increase in water temperature usually occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Which will most likely occur as a result of this phenomenon to cause environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["varied atmospheric conditions", "an increase in the length of summers", "melting of the polar ice caps", "an increase in volcanic eruptions"], "label": ["X", "L", "F", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: El Niño is a term that refers to the oceanic phenomenon in which the surface water temperatures increase. The increase in water temperature usually occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Which will most likely occur as a result of this phenomenon to cause environmental changes?\nX. varied atmospheric conditions\nL. an increase in the length of summers\nF. melting of the polar ice caps\nK. an increase in volcanic eruptions\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3050}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1999_4_10", "question": "An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the", "choices": {"text": ["Arctic Ocean.", "Amazon Rain Forest.", "Intracoastal Waterway, Florida.", "Mojave Desert, California."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the\nA. Arctic Ocean.\nB. Amazon Rain Forest.\nC. Intracoastal Waterway, Florida.\nD. Mojave Desert, California.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the", "choices": {"text": ["Amazon Rain Forest.", "Mojave Desert, California.", "Arctic Ocean.", "Intracoastal Waterway, Florida."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the\nA. Amazon Rain Forest.\nB. Mojave Desert, California.\nC. Arctic Ocean.\nD. Intracoastal Waterway, Florida.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the", "choices": {"text": ["Arctic Ocean.", "Amazon Rain Forest.", "Intracoastal Waterway, Florida.", "Mojave Desert, California."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the\n1. Arctic Ocean.\n2. Amazon Rain Forest.\n3. Intracoastal Waterway, Florida.\n4. Mojave Desert, California.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the", "choices": {"text": ["Arctic Ocean.", "Amazon Rain Forest.", "Intracoastal Waterway, Florida.", "Mojave Desert, California."], "label": ["G", "E", "U", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the\nG. Arctic Ocean.\nE. Amazon Rain Forest.\nU. Intracoastal Waterway, Florida.\nF. Mojave Desert, California.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the", "choices": {"text": ["Amazon Rain Forest.", "Mojave Desert, California.", "Arctic Ocean.", "Intracoastal Waterway, Florida."], "label": ["G", "E", "U", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: An animal that has thick fur, webbed feet, and blubber would probably live in the\nG. Amazon Rain Forest.\nE. Mojave Desert, California.\nU. Arctic Ocean.\nF. Intracoastal Waterway, Florida.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3051}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7222320", "question": "The rover Spirit is a robotic probe that NASA has placed on Mars. The gravitational attraction of Mars is approximately 62% less than that of Earth. Compared to its measurements on Earth, on Mars the probe has", "choices": {"text": ["the same weight and the same mass.", "a larger weight, but smaller mass.", "a smaller mass and larger weight.", "a smaller weight and the same mass."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rover Spirit is a robotic probe that NASA has placed on Mars. The gravitational attraction of Mars is approximately 62% less than that of Earth. Compared to its measurements on Earth, on Mars the probe has\nA. the same weight and the same mass.\nB. a larger weight, but smaller mass.\nC. a smaller mass and larger weight.\nD. a smaller weight and the same mass.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The rover Spirit is a robotic probe that NASA has placed on Mars. The gravitational attraction of Mars is approximately 62% less than that of Earth. Compared to its measurements on Earth, on Mars the probe has", "choices": {"text": ["the same weight and the same mass.", "a larger weight, but smaller mass.", "a smaller weight and the same mass.", "a smaller mass and larger weight."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rover Spirit is a robotic probe that NASA has placed on Mars. The gravitational attraction of Mars is approximately 62% less than that of Earth. Compared to its measurements on Earth, on Mars the probe has\nA. the same weight and the same mass.\nB. a larger weight, but smaller mass.\nC. a smaller weight and the same mass.\nD. a smaller mass and larger weight.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The rover Spirit is a robotic probe that NASA has placed on Mars. The gravitational attraction of Mars is approximately 62% less than that of Earth. Compared to its measurements on Earth, on Mars the probe has", "choices": {"text": ["the same weight and the same mass.", "a larger weight, but smaller mass.", "a smaller mass and larger weight.", "a smaller weight and the same mass."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rover Spirit is a robotic probe that NASA has placed on Mars. The gravitational attraction of Mars is approximately 62% less than that of Earth. Compared to its measurements on Earth, on Mars the probe has\n1. the same weight and the same mass.\n2. a larger weight, but smaller mass.\n3. a smaller mass and larger weight.\n4. a smaller weight and the same mass.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The rover Spirit is a robotic probe that NASA has placed on Mars. The gravitational attraction of Mars is approximately 62% less than that of Earth. Compared to its measurements on Earth, on Mars the probe has", "choices": {"text": ["the same weight and the same mass.", "a larger weight, but smaller mass.", "a smaller mass and larger weight.", "a smaller weight and the same mass."], "label": ["J", "M", "H", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rover Spirit is a robotic probe that NASA has placed on Mars. The gravitational attraction of Mars is approximately 62% less than that of Earth. Compared to its measurements on Earth, on Mars the probe has\nJ. the same weight and the same mass.\nM. a larger weight, but smaller mass.\nH. a smaller mass and larger weight.\nF. a smaller weight and the same mass.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The rover Spirit is a robotic probe that NASA has placed on Mars. The gravitational attraction of Mars is approximately 62% less than that of Earth. Compared to its measurements on Earth, on Mars the probe has", "choices": {"text": ["the same weight and the same mass.", "a larger weight, but smaller mass.", "a smaller weight and the same mass.", "a smaller mass and larger weight."], "label": ["J", "M", "H", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rover Spirit is a robotic probe that NASA has placed on Mars. The gravitational attraction of Mars is approximately 62% less than that of Earth. Compared to its measurements on Earth, on Mars the probe has\nJ. the same weight and the same mass.\nM. a larger weight, but smaller mass.\nH. a smaller weight and the same mass.\nF. a smaller mass and larger weight.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3052}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_8_25", "question": "Sal is looking at a map of Massachusetts. He has measured the distance, in inches, from Boston to Salem on the map. He wants to know how many actual miles the inches represent. What feature of the map should he look for?", "choices": {"text": ["key", "scale", "legend", "compass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sal is looking at a map of Massachusetts. He has measured the distance, in inches, from Boston to Salem on the map. He wants to know how many actual miles the inches represent. What feature of the map should he look for?\nA. key\nB. scale\nC. legend\nD. compass\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sal is looking at a map of Massachusetts. He has measured the distance, in inches, from Boston to Salem on the map. He wants to know how many actual miles the inches represent. What feature of the map should he look for?", "choices": {"text": ["legend", "compass", "scale", "key"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sal is looking at a map of Massachusetts. He has measured the distance, in inches, from Boston to Salem on the map. He wants to know how many actual miles the inches represent. What feature of the map should he look for?\nA. legend\nB. compass\nC. scale\nD. key\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sal is looking at a map of Massachusetts. He has measured the distance, in inches, from Boston to Salem on the map. He wants to know how many actual miles the inches represent. What feature of the map should he look for?", "choices": {"text": ["key", "scale", "legend", "compass"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sal is looking at a map of Massachusetts. He has measured the distance, in inches, from Boston to Salem on the map. He wants to know how many actual miles the inches represent. What feature of the map should he look for?\n1. key\n2. scale\n3. legend\n4. compass\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sal is looking at a map of Massachusetts. He has measured the distance, in inches, from Boston to Salem on the map. He wants to know how many actual miles the inches represent. What feature of the map should he look for?", "choices": {"text": ["key", "scale", "legend", "compass"], "label": ["B", "F", "K", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sal is looking at a map of Massachusetts. He has measured the distance, in inches, from Boston to Salem on the map. He wants to know how many actual miles the inches represent. What feature of the map should he look for?\nB. key\nF. scale\nK. legend\nT. compass\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sal is looking at a map of Massachusetts. He has measured the distance, in inches, from Boston to Salem on the map. He wants to know how many actual miles the inches represent. What feature of the map should he look for?", "choices": {"text": ["legend", "compass", "scale", "key"], "label": ["B", "F", "K", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sal is looking at a map of Massachusetts. He has measured the distance, in inches, from Boston to Salem on the map. He wants to know how many actual miles the inches represent. What feature of the map should he look for?\nB. legend\nF. compass\nK. scale\nT. key\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3053}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7206605", "question": "A hammer and a screwdriver are next to each other in the sunlight. After one hour, the hammer is hotter than the screwdriver. The shape and mass of each object may affect the amount of heat each object gains. Another explanation for the difference in temperature may be that the hammer and screwdriver are", "choices": {"text": ["moving at different rates.", "made of different materials.", "used for different purposes.", "picked up in different ways."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hammer and a screwdriver are next to each other in the sunlight. After one hour, the hammer is hotter than the screwdriver. The shape and mass of each object may affect the amount of heat each object gains. Another explanation for the difference in temperature may be that the hammer and screwdriver are\nA. moving at different rates.\nB. made of different materials.\nC. used for different purposes.\nD. picked up in different ways.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A hammer and a screwdriver are next to each other in the sunlight. After one hour, the hammer is hotter than the screwdriver. The shape and mass of each object may affect the amount of heat each object gains. Another explanation for the difference in temperature may be that the hammer and screwdriver are", "choices": {"text": ["made of different materials.", "moving at different rates.", "picked up in different ways.", "used for different purposes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hammer and a screwdriver are next to each other in the sunlight. After one hour, the hammer is hotter than the screwdriver. The shape and mass of each object may affect the amount of heat each object gains. Another explanation for the difference in temperature may be that the hammer and screwdriver are\nA. made of different materials.\nB. moving at different rates.\nC. picked up in different ways.\nD. used for different purposes.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A hammer and a screwdriver are next to each other in the sunlight. After one hour, the hammer is hotter than the screwdriver. The shape and mass of each object may affect the amount of heat each object gains. Another explanation for the difference in temperature may be that the hammer and screwdriver are", "choices": {"text": ["moving at different rates.", "made of different materials.", "used for different purposes.", "picked up in different ways."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hammer and a screwdriver are next to each other in the sunlight. After one hour, the hammer is hotter than the screwdriver. The shape and mass of each object may affect the amount of heat each object gains. Another explanation for the difference in temperature may be that the hammer and screwdriver are\n1. moving at different rates.\n2. made of different materials.\n3. used for different purposes.\n4. picked up in different ways.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A hammer and a screwdriver are next to each other in the sunlight. After one hour, the hammer is hotter than the screwdriver. The shape and mass of each object may affect the amount of heat each object gains. Another explanation for the difference in temperature may be that the hammer and screwdriver are", "choices": {"text": ["moving at different rates.", "made of different materials.", "used for different purposes.", "picked up in different ways."], "label": ["M", "E", "D", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hammer and a screwdriver are next to each other in the sunlight. After one hour, the hammer is hotter than the screwdriver. The shape and mass of each object may affect the amount of heat each object gains. Another explanation for the difference in temperature may be that the hammer and screwdriver are\nM. moving at different rates.\nE. made of different materials.\nD. used for different purposes.\nS. picked up in different ways.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A hammer and a screwdriver are next to each other in the sunlight. After one hour, the hammer is hotter than the screwdriver. The shape and mass of each object may affect the amount of heat each object gains. Another explanation for the difference in temperature may be that the hammer and screwdriver are", "choices": {"text": ["made of different materials.", "moving at different rates.", "picked up in different ways.", "used for different purposes."], "label": ["M", "E", "D", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hammer and a screwdriver are next to each other in the sunlight. After one hour, the hammer is hotter than the screwdriver. The shape and mass of each object may affect the amount of heat each object gains. Another explanation for the difference in temperature may be that the hammer and screwdriver are\nM. made of different materials.\nE. moving at different rates.\nD. picked up in different ways.\nS. used for different purposes.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3054}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408336", "question": "On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?", "choices": {"text": ["because Earth rotates", "because Earth tilts on its axis", "because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun", "because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?\nA. because Earth rotates\nB. because Earth tilts on its axis\nC. because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun\nD. because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?", "choices": {"text": ["because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth", "because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun", "because Earth rotates", "because Earth tilts on its axis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?\nA. because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth\nB. because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun\nC. because Earth rotates\nD. because Earth tilts on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?", "choices": {"text": ["because Earth rotates", "because Earth tilts on its axis", "because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun", "because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?\n1. because Earth rotates\n2. because Earth tilts on its axis\n3. because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun\n4. because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?", "choices": {"text": ["because Earth rotates", "because Earth tilts on its axis", "because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun", "because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth"], "label": ["R", "G", "F", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?\nR. because Earth rotates\nG. because Earth tilts on its axis\nF. because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun\nP. because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?", "choices": {"text": ["because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth", "because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun", "because Earth rotates", "because Earth tilts on its axis"], "label": ["R", "G", "F", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: On January 15th, there were 10 hours and 24 minutes of daylight in Jacksonville, Florida. On the same day, there were only 9 hours and 37 minutes of daylight in New York City. Why did New York have fewer hours of daylight than Florida?\nR. because the Moon reflects sunlight onto Earth\nG. because gravity pulls Earth toward the Sun\nF. because Earth rotates\nP. because Earth tilts on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3055}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416579", "question": "A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?", "choices": {"text": ["obtain food", "defend the cell", "attach to a surface", "perform conjugation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?\nA. obtain food\nB. defend the cell\nC. attach to a surface\nD. perform conjugation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?", "choices": {"text": ["attach to a surface", "perform conjugation", "defend the cell", "obtain food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?\nA. attach to a surface\nB. perform conjugation\nC. defend the cell\nD. obtain food\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?", "choices": {"text": ["obtain food", "defend the cell", "attach to a surface", "perform conjugation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?\n1. obtain food\n2. defend the cell\n3. attach to a surface\n4. perform conjugation\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?", "choices": {"text": ["obtain food", "defend the cell", "attach to a surface", "perform conjugation"], "label": ["H", "G", "O", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?\nH. obtain food\nG. defend the cell\nO. attach to a surface\nU. perform conjugation\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?", "choices": {"text": ["attach to a surface", "perform conjugation", "defend the cell", "obtain food"], "label": ["H", "G", "O", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A euglena has a flagellum and a paramecium has cilia. Both types of organelles help these organisms move through the water. However, a paramecium can also use its cilia to perform another task. What is this task?\nH. attach to a surface\nG. perform conjugation\nO. defend the cell\nU. obtain food\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3056}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7001575", "question": "Which characteristic of wolves is most likely learned?", "choices": {"text": ["fur color", "eyesight", "litter size", "social behavior"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of wolves is most likely learned?\nA. fur color\nB. eyesight\nC. litter size\nD. social behavior\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of wolves is most likely learned?", "choices": {"text": ["social behavior", "litter size", "eyesight", "fur color"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of wolves is most likely learned?\nA. social behavior\nB. litter size\nC. eyesight\nD. fur color\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of wolves is most likely learned?", "choices": {"text": ["fur color", "eyesight", "litter size", "social behavior"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of wolves is most likely learned?\n1. fur color\n2. eyesight\n3. litter size\n4. social behavior\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of wolves is most likely learned?", "choices": {"text": ["fur color", "eyesight", "litter size", "social behavior"], "label": ["B", "P", "Z", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of wolves is most likely learned?\nB. fur color\nP. eyesight\nZ. litter size\nC. social behavior\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of wolves is most likely learned?", "choices": {"text": ["social behavior", "litter size", "eyesight", "fur color"], "label": ["B", "P", "Z", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of wolves is most likely learned?\nB. social behavior\nP. litter size\nZ. eyesight\nC. fur color\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3057}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416142", "question": "Which would most help pollinators find flowers that are pollinated at night?", "choices": {"text": ["shape", "color", "size", "fragrance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would most help pollinators find flowers that are pollinated at night?\nA. shape\nB. color\nC. size\nD. fragrance\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would most help pollinators find flowers that are pollinated at night?", "choices": {"text": ["fragrance", "shape", "color", "size"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would most help pollinators find flowers that are pollinated at night?\nA. fragrance\nB. shape\nC. color\nD. size\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would most help pollinators find flowers that are pollinated at night?", "choices": {"text": ["shape", "color", "size", "fragrance"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would most help pollinators find flowers that are pollinated at night?\n1. shape\n2. color\n3. size\n4. fragrance\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would most help pollinators find flowers that are pollinated at night?", "choices": {"text": ["shape", "color", "size", "fragrance"], "label": ["H", "Q", "A", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would most help pollinators find flowers that are pollinated at night?\nH. shape\nQ. color\nA. size\nU. fragrance\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would most help pollinators find flowers that are pollinated at night?", "choices": {"text": ["fragrance", "shape", "color", "size"], "label": ["H", "Q", "A", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would most help pollinators find flowers that are pollinated at night?\nH. fragrance\nQ. shape\nA. color\nU. size\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3058}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1998_8_19", "question": "A solar eclipse occurs when", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.", "the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.", "Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.", "Earth's shadow falls on the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A solar eclipse occurs when\nA. the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.\nB. the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.\nC. Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.\nD. Earth's shadow falls on the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A solar eclipse occurs when", "choices": {"text": ["the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.", "the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.", "Earth's shadow falls on the Sun.", "Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A solar eclipse occurs when\nA. the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.\nB. the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.\nC. Earth's shadow falls on the Sun.\nD. Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A solar eclipse occurs when", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.", "the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.", "Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.", "Earth's shadow falls on the Sun."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A solar eclipse occurs when\n1. the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.\n2. the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.\n3. Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.\n4. Earth's shadow falls on the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A solar eclipse occurs when", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.", "the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.", "Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.", "Earth's shadow falls on the Sun."], "label": ["E", "O", "Q", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A solar eclipse occurs when\nE. the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.\nO. the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.\nQ. Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.\nR. Earth's shadow falls on the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A solar eclipse occurs when", "choices": {"text": ["the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.", "the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.", "Earth's shadow falls on the Sun.", "Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun."], "label": ["E", "O", "Q", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A solar eclipse occurs when\nE. the first four planets in the solar system are aligned.\nO. the Moon blocks the Earth from the Sun.\nQ. Earth's shadow falls on the Sun.\nR. Earth blocks the Moon from the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3059}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400187", "question": "Which process turns a large rock into a pile of smaller stones?", "choices": {"text": ["deposition", "sedimentation", "fossilizing", "weathering"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process turns a large rock into a pile of smaller stones?\nA. deposition\nB. sedimentation\nC. fossilizing\nD. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process turns a large rock into a pile of smaller stones?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering", "deposition", "fossilizing", "sedimentation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process turns a large rock into a pile of smaller stones?\nA. weathering\nB. deposition\nC. fossilizing\nD. sedimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process turns a large rock into a pile of smaller stones?", "choices": {"text": ["deposition", "sedimentation", "fossilizing", "weathering"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process turns a large rock into a pile of smaller stones?\n1. deposition\n2. sedimentation\n3. fossilizing\n4. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process turns a large rock into a pile of smaller stones?", "choices": {"text": ["deposition", "sedimentation", "fossilizing", "weathering"], "label": ["K", "U", "A", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process turns a large rock into a pile of smaller stones?\nK. deposition\nU. sedimentation\nA. fossilizing\nL. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process turns a large rock into a pile of smaller stones?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering", "deposition", "fossilizing", "sedimentation"], "label": ["K", "U", "A", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process turns a large rock into a pile of smaller stones?\nK. weathering\nU. deposition\nA. fossilizing\nL. sedimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3060}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_8_pg74", "question": "Where are the active volcanoes most likely to be found?", "choices": {"text": ["where rivers form", "where tectonic plates meet", "where oceans are deepest", "where land and water meet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where are the active volcanoes most likely to be found?\nA. where rivers form\nB. where tectonic plates meet\nC. where oceans are deepest\nD. where land and water meet\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Where are the active volcanoes most likely to be found?", "choices": {"text": ["where land and water meet", "where rivers form", "where oceans are deepest", "where tectonic plates meet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where are the active volcanoes most likely to be found?\nA. where land and water meet\nB. where rivers form\nC. where oceans are deepest\nD. where tectonic plates meet\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Where are the active volcanoes most likely to be found?", "choices": {"text": ["where rivers form", "where tectonic plates meet", "where oceans are deepest", "where land and water meet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where are the active volcanoes most likely to be found?\n1. where rivers form\n2. where tectonic plates meet\n3. where oceans are deepest\n4. where land and water meet\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where are the active volcanoes most likely to be found?", "choices": {"text": ["where rivers form", "where tectonic plates meet", "where oceans are deepest", "where land and water meet"], "label": ["C", "D", "Q", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where are the active volcanoes most likely to be found?\nC. where rivers form\nD. where tectonic plates meet\nQ. where oceans are deepest\nK. where land and water meet\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where are the active volcanoes most likely to be found?", "choices": {"text": ["where land and water meet", "where rivers form", "where oceans are deepest", "where tectonic plates meet"], "label": ["C", "D", "Q", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where are the active volcanoes most likely to be found?\nC. where land and water meet\nD. where rivers form\nQ. where oceans are deepest\nK. where tectonic plates meet\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3061}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7013458", "question": "During its lifetime, a star will evolve through several stages. In which stage does a star spend most of its life?", "choices": {"text": ["red giant", "red dwarf", "white dwarf", "main sequence"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During its lifetime, a star will evolve through several stages. In which stage does a star spend most of its life?\nA. red giant\nB. red dwarf\nC. white dwarf\nD. main sequence\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During its lifetime, a star will evolve through several stages. In which stage does a star spend most of its life?", "choices": {"text": ["main sequence", "white dwarf", "red dwarf", "red giant"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During its lifetime, a star will evolve through several stages. In which stage does a star spend most of its life?\nA. main sequence\nB. white dwarf\nC. red dwarf\nD. red giant\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During its lifetime, a star will evolve through several stages. In which stage does a star spend most of its life?", "choices": {"text": ["red giant", "red dwarf", "white dwarf", "main sequence"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During its lifetime, a star will evolve through several stages. In which stage does a star spend most of its life?\n1. red giant\n2. red dwarf\n3. white dwarf\n4. main sequence\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During its lifetime, a star will evolve through several stages. In which stage does a star spend most of its life?", "choices": {"text": ["red giant", "red dwarf", "white dwarf", "main sequence"], "label": ["P", "G", "H", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During its lifetime, a star will evolve through several stages. In which stage does a star spend most of its life?\nP. red giant\nG. red dwarf\nH. white dwarf\nD. main sequence\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During its lifetime, a star will evolve through several stages. In which stage does a star spend most of its life?", "choices": {"text": ["main sequence", "white dwarf", "red dwarf", "red giant"], "label": ["P", "G", "H", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During its lifetime, a star will evolve through several stages. In which stage does a star spend most of its life?\nP. main sequence\nG. white dwarf\nH. red dwarf\nD. red giant\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3062}
{"arc_id": "CSZ30768", "question": "Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["sodium [Na]", "lithium [Li]", "sulfur [S]", "carbon [C]"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?\nA. sodium [Na]\nB. lithium [Li]\nC. sulfur [S]\nD. carbon [C]\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["lithium [Li]", "sodium [Na]", "carbon [C]", "sulfur [S]"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?\nA. lithium [Li]\nB. sodium [Na]\nC. carbon [C]\nD. sulfur [S]\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["sodium [Na]", "lithium [Li]", "sulfur [S]", "carbon [C]"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?\n1. sodium [Na]\n2. lithium [Li]\n3. sulfur [S]\n4. carbon [C]\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["sodium [Na]", "lithium [Li]", "sulfur [S]", "carbon [C]"], "label": ["A", "G", "D", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?\nA. sodium [Na]\nG. lithium [Li]\nD. sulfur [S]\nR. carbon [C]\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["lithium [Li]", "sodium [Na]", "carbon [C]", "sulfur [S]"], "label": ["A", "G", "D", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?\nA. lithium [Li]\nG. sodium [Na]\nD. carbon [C]\nR. sulfur [S]\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3063}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_9_10", "question": "Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?", "choices": {"text": ["a portable radio", "a television screen", "a computer monitor", "a mercury thermometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?\nA. a portable radio\nB. a television screen\nC. a computer monitor\nD. a mercury thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?", "choices": {"text": ["a television screen", "a computer monitor", "a portable radio", "a mercury thermometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?\nA. a television screen\nB. a computer monitor\nC. a portable radio\nD. a mercury thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?", "choices": {"text": ["a portable radio", "a television screen", "a computer monitor", "a mercury thermometer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?\n1. a portable radio\n2. a television screen\n3. a computer monitor\n4. a mercury thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?", "choices": {"text": ["a portable radio", "a television screen", "a computer monitor", "a mercury thermometer"], "label": ["X", "E", "A", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?\nX. a portable radio\nE. a television screen\nA. a computer monitor\nS. a mercury thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?", "choices": {"text": ["a television screen", "a computer monitor", "a portable radio", "a mercury thermometer"], "label": ["X", "E", "A", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is designed to transform an electromagnetic wave into a mechanical wave?\nX. a television screen\nE. a computer monitor\nA. a portable radio\nS. a mercury thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3064}
{"arc_id": "AIMS_2009_4_25", "question": "Four students tried to find out which magnet was the strongest. They each shared one idea. Which idea shows scientific thinking?", "choices": {"text": ["We can pick the longest magnet.", "We can pick the heaviest magnet.", "We can measure the strength of the magnets.", "We can vote for the magnet that we think is the strongest."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Four students tried to find out which magnet was the strongest. They each shared one idea. Which idea shows scientific thinking?\nA. We can pick the longest magnet.\nB. We can pick the heaviest magnet.\nC. We can measure the strength of the magnets.\nD. We can vote for the magnet that we think is the strongest.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Four students tried to find out which magnet was the strongest. They each shared one idea. Which idea shows scientific thinking?", "choices": {"text": ["We can measure the strength of the magnets.", "We can vote for the magnet that we think is the strongest.", "We can pick the heaviest magnet.", "We can pick the longest magnet."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Four students tried to find out which magnet was the strongest. They each shared one idea. Which idea shows scientific thinking?\nA. We can measure the strength of the magnets.\nB. We can vote for the magnet that we think is the strongest.\nC. We can pick the heaviest magnet.\nD. We can pick the longest magnet.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Four students tried to find out which magnet was the strongest. They each shared one idea. Which idea shows scientific thinking?", "choices": {"text": ["We can pick the longest magnet.", "We can pick the heaviest magnet.", "We can measure the strength of the magnets.", "We can vote for the magnet that we think is the strongest."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Four students tried to find out which magnet was the strongest. They each shared one idea. Which idea shows scientific thinking?\n1. We can pick the longest magnet.\n2. We can pick the heaviest magnet.\n3. We can measure the strength of the magnets.\n4. We can vote for the magnet that we think is the strongest.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Four students tried to find out which magnet was the strongest. They each shared one idea. Which idea shows scientific thinking?", "choices": {"text": ["We can pick the longest magnet.", "We can pick the heaviest magnet.", "We can measure the strength of the magnets.", "We can vote for the magnet that we think is the strongest."], "label": ["V", "Z", "B", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Four students tried to find out which magnet was the strongest. They each shared one idea. Which idea shows scientific thinking?\nV. We can pick the longest magnet.\nZ. We can pick the heaviest magnet.\nB. We can measure the strength of the magnets.\nG. We can vote for the magnet that we think is the strongest.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Four students tried to find out which magnet was the strongest. They each shared one idea. Which idea shows scientific thinking?", "choices": {"text": ["We can measure the strength of the magnets.", "We can vote for the magnet that we think is the strongest.", "We can pick the heaviest magnet.", "We can pick the longest magnet."], "label": ["V", "Z", "B", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Four students tried to find out which magnet was the strongest. They each shared one idea. Which idea shows scientific thinking?\nV. We can measure the strength of the magnets.\nZ. We can vote for the magnet that we think is the strongest.\nB. We can pick the heaviest magnet.\nG. We can pick the longest magnet.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3065}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7221498", "question": "Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through", "choices": {"text": ["static protons.", "moving protons.", "static electrons.", "moving electrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through\nA. static protons.\nB. moving protons.\nC. static electrons.\nD. moving electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through", "choices": {"text": ["moving protons.", "static electrons.", "moving electrons.", "static protons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through\nA. moving protons.\nB. static electrons.\nC. moving electrons.\nD. static protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through", "choices": {"text": ["static protons.", "moving protons.", "static electrons.", "moving electrons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through\n1. static protons.\n2. moving protons.\n3. static electrons.\n4. moving electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through", "choices": {"text": ["static protons.", "moving protons.", "static electrons.", "moving electrons."], "label": ["O", "G", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through\nO. static protons.\nG. moving protons.\nX. static electrons.\nK. moving electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through", "choices": {"text": ["moving protons.", "static electrons.", "moving electrons.", "static protons."], "label": ["O", "G", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy is transferred in an electrical circuit through\nO. moving protons.\nG. static electrons.\nX. moving electrons.\nK. static protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3066}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7170853", "question": "The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?", "choices": {"text": ["from fusion in red giants", "in molecular clouds of gas", "in radiation from black holes", "from large fragments of antimatter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?\nA. from fusion in red giants\nB. in molecular clouds of gas\nC. in radiation from black holes\nD. from large fragments of antimatter\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?", "choices": {"text": ["in radiation from black holes", "from large fragments of antimatter", "from fusion in red giants", "in molecular clouds of gas"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?\nA. in radiation from black holes\nB. from large fragments of antimatter\nC. from fusion in red giants\nD. in molecular clouds of gas\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?", "choices": {"text": ["from fusion in red giants", "in molecular clouds of gas", "in radiation from black holes", "from large fragments of antimatter"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?\n1. from fusion in red giants\n2. in molecular clouds of gas\n3. in radiation from black holes\n4. from large fragments of antimatter\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?", "choices": {"text": ["from fusion in red giants", "in molecular clouds of gas", "in radiation from black holes", "from large fragments of antimatter"], "label": ["Q", "S", "F", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?\nQ. from fusion in red giants\nS. in molecular clouds of gas\nF. in radiation from black holes\nD. from large fragments of antimatter\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?", "choices": {"text": ["in radiation from black holes", "from large fragments of antimatter", "from fusion in red giants", "in molecular clouds of gas"], "label": ["Q", "S", "F", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of a star includes formation, life, and death. In the Universe, where do new stars originate?\nQ. in radiation from black holes\nS. from large fragments of antimatter\nF. from fusion in red giants\nD. in molecular clouds of gas\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3067}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7109690", "question": "What would be the initial result if a DNA molecule did not replicate accurately?", "choices": {"text": ["infertility of the organism", "incorrect protein synthesis", "increase in reproduction rate", "immediate death of the organism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What would be the initial result if a DNA molecule did not replicate accurately?\nA. infertility of the organism\nB. incorrect protein synthesis\nC. increase in reproduction rate\nD. immediate death of the organism\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What would be the initial result if a DNA molecule did not replicate accurately?", "choices": {"text": ["immediate death of the organism", "increase in reproduction rate", "infertility of the organism", "incorrect protein synthesis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What would be the initial result if a DNA molecule did not replicate accurately?\nA. immediate death of the organism\nB. increase in reproduction rate\nC. infertility of the organism\nD. incorrect protein synthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What would be the initial result if a DNA molecule did not replicate accurately?", "choices": {"text": ["infertility of the organism", "incorrect protein synthesis", "increase in reproduction rate", "immediate death of the organism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What would be the initial result if a DNA molecule did not replicate accurately?\n1. infertility of the organism\n2. incorrect protein synthesis\n3. increase in reproduction rate\n4. immediate death of the organism\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What would be the initial result if a DNA molecule did not replicate accurately?", "choices": {"text": ["infertility of the organism", "incorrect protein synthesis", "increase in reproduction rate", "immediate death of the organism"], "label": ["B", "Z", "D", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: What would be the initial result if a DNA molecule did not replicate accurately?\nB. infertility of the organism\nZ. incorrect protein synthesis\nD. increase in reproduction rate\nJ. immediate death of the organism\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What would be the initial result if a DNA molecule did not replicate accurately?", "choices": {"text": ["immediate death of the organism", "increase in reproduction rate", "infertility of the organism", "incorrect protein synthesis"], "label": ["B", "Z", "D", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: What would be the initial result if a DNA molecule did not replicate accurately?\nB. immediate death of the organism\nZ. increase in reproduction rate\nD. infertility of the organism\nJ. incorrect protein synthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3068}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400525", "question": "Photosynthesis and respiration are both parts of which cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon cycle", "nitrogen cycle", "phosphorous cycle", "rock cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Photosynthesis and respiration are both parts of which cycle?\nA. carbon cycle\nB. nitrogen cycle\nC. phosphorous cycle\nD. rock cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Photosynthesis and respiration are both parts of which cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["rock cycle", "carbon cycle", "phosphorous cycle", "nitrogen cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Photosynthesis and respiration are both parts of which cycle?\nA. rock cycle\nB. carbon cycle\nC. phosphorous cycle\nD. nitrogen cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Photosynthesis and respiration are both parts of which cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon cycle", "nitrogen cycle", "phosphorous cycle", "rock cycle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Photosynthesis and respiration are both parts of which cycle?\n1. carbon cycle\n2. nitrogen cycle\n3. phosphorous cycle\n4. rock cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Photosynthesis and respiration are both parts of which cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon cycle", "nitrogen cycle", "phosphorous cycle", "rock cycle"], "label": ["R", "V", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Photosynthesis and respiration are both parts of which cycle?\nR. carbon cycle\nV. nitrogen cycle\nB. phosphorous cycle\nM. rock cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Photosynthesis and respiration are both parts of which cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["rock cycle", "carbon cycle", "phosphorous cycle", "nitrogen cycle"], "label": ["R", "V", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Photosynthesis and respiration are both parts of which cycle?\nR. rock cycle\nV. carbon cycle\nB. phosphorous cycle\nM. nitrogen cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3069}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10616", "question": "Earth is tilted as it travels around the Sun. The tilt changes the amount of energy each area gets from the Sun, which makes some months of the year warmer than others. What are the four main temperature changes in a year called?", "choices": {"text": ["seasons", "climate", "weather", "quarters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth is tilted as it travels around the Sun. The tilt changes the amount of energy each area gets from the Sun, which makes some months of the year warmer than others. What are the four main temperature changes in a year called?\nA. seasons\nB. climate\nC. weather\nD. quarters\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth is tilted as it travels around the Sun. The tilt changes the amount of energy each area gets from the Sun, which makes some months of the year warmer than others. What are the four main temperature changes in a year called?", "choices": {"text": ["climate", "seasons", "quarters", "weather"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth is tilted as it travels around the Sun. The tilt changes the amount of energy each area gets from the Sun, which makes some months of the year warmer than others. What are the four main temperature changes in a year called?\nA. climate\nB. seasons\nC. quarters\nD. weather\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth is tilted as it travels around the Sun. The tilt changes the amount of energy each area gets from the Sun, which makes some months of the year warmer than others. What are the four main temperature changes in a year called?", "choices": {"text": ["seasons", "climate", "weather", "quarters"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth is tilted as it travels around the Sun. The tilt changes the amount of energy each area gets from the Sun, which makes some months of the year warmer than others. What are the four main temperature changes in a year called?\n1. seasons\n2. climate\n3. weather\n4. quarters\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth is tilted as it travels around the Sun. The tilt changes the amount of energy each area gets from the Sun, which makes some months of the year warmer than others. What are the four main temperature changes in a year called?", "choices": {"text": ["seasons", "climate", "weather", "quarters"], "label": ["O", "J", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth is tilted as it travels around the Sun. The tilt changes the amount of energy each area gets from the Sun, which makes some months of the year warmer than others. What are the four main temperature changes in a year called?\nO. seasons\nJ. climate\nL. weather\nC. quarters\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth is tilted as it travels around the Sun. The tilt changes the amount of energy each area gets from the Sun, which makes some months of the year warmer than others. What are the four main temperature changes in a year called?", "choices": {"text": ["climate", "seasons", "quarters", "weather"], "label": ["O", "J", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth is tilted as it travels around the Sun. The tilt changes the amount of energy each area gets from the Sun, which makes some months of the year warmer than others. What are the four main temperature changes in a year called?\nO. climate\nJ. seasons\nL. quarters\nC. weather\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3070}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_4_21", "question": "If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by", "choices": {"text": ["insulation.", "magnetism.", "friction.", "conduction."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by\nA. insulation.\nB. magnetism.\nC. friction.\nD. conduction.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by", "choices": {"text": ["insulation.", "conduction.", "magnetism.", "friction."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by\nA. insulation.\nB. conduction.\nC. magnetism.\nD. friction.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by", "choices": {"text": ["insulation.", "magnetism.", "friction.", "conduction."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by\n1. insulation.\n2. magnetism.\n3. friction.\n4. conduction.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by", "choices": {"text": ["insulation.", "magnetism.", "friction.", "conduction."], "label": ["Z", "X", "D", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by\nZ. insulation.\nX. magnetism.\nD. friction.\nJ. conduction.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by", "choices": {"text": ["insulation.", "conduction.", "magnetism.", "friction."], "label": ["Z", "X", "D", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: If your hands are cold, you can warm them by rubbing them together. The heat energy that you produce is caused by\nZ. insulation.\nX. conduction.\nD. magnetism.\nJ. friction.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3071}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1999_8_9", "question": "Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?", "choices": {"text": ["They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.", "They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen.", "They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.", "They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?\nA. They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.\nB. They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen.\nC. They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.\nD. They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?", "choices": {"text": ["They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.", "They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.", "They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time.", "They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?\nA. They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.\nB. They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.\nC. They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time.\nD. They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?", "choices": {"text": ["They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.", "They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen.", "They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.", "They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?\n1. They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.\n2. They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen.\n3. They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.\n4. They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?", "choices": {"text": ["They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.", "They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen.", "They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.", "They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time."], "label": ["K", "Y", "S", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?\nK. They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.\nY. They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen.\nS. They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.\nH. They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?", "choices": {"text": ["They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.", "They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.", "They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time.", "They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen."], "label": ["K", "Y", "S", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Large amounts of industrial gases are released into the atmosphere every day. What happens to those gases?\nK. They are broken down by ultraviolet light from the Sun.\nY. They rise through the atmosphere and go into outer space.\nS. They remain in the atmosphere for long periods of time.\nH. They are converted into nitrogen and oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3072}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_415265", "question": "In which way is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?", "choices": {"text": ["A prokaryotic cell is larger.", "A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.", "A prokaryotic cell can reproduce itself.", "A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which way is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?\nA. A prokaryotic cell is larger.\nB. A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.\nC. A prokaryotic cell can reproduce itself.\nD. A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which way is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?", "choices": {"text": ["A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.", "A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane.", "A prokaryotic cell can reproduce itself.", "A prokaryotic cell is larger."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which way is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?\nA. A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.\nB. A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane.\nC. A prokaryotic cell can reproduce itself.\nD. A prokaryotic cell is larger.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which way is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?", "choices": {"text": ["A prokaryotic cell is larger.", "A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.", "A prokaryotic cell can reproduce itself.", "A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which way is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?\n1. A prokaryotic cell is larger.\n2. A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.\n3. A prokaryotic cell can reproduce itself.\n4. A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which way is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?", "choices": {"text": ["A prokaryotic cell is larger.", "A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.", "A prokaryotic cell can reproduce itself.", "A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane."], "label": ["C", "I", "S", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which way is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?\nC. A prokaryotic cell is larger.\nI. A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.\nS. A prokaryotic cell can reproduce itself.\nZ. A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which way is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?", "choices": {"text": ["A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.", "A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane.", "A prokaryotic cell can reproduce itself.", "A prokaryotic cell is larger."], "label": ["C", "I", "S", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which way is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?\nC. A prokaryotic cell has no nucleus.\nI. A prokaryotic cell has a cell membrane.\nS. A prokaryotic cell can reproduce itself.\nZ. A prokaryotic cell is larger.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3073}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_8_20", "question": "What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.", "They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.", "They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem.", "They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?\nA. They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.\nB. They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.\nC. They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem.\nD. They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.", "They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.", "They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem.", "They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?\nA. They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.\nB. They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.\nC. They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem.\nD. They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.", "They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.", "They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem.", "They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?\n1. They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.\n2. They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.\n3. They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem.\n4. They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.", "They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.", "They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem.", "They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem."], "label": ["X", "V", "K", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?\nX. They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.\nV. They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.\nK. They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem.\nD. They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.", "They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.", "They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem.", "They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem."], "label": ["X", "V", "K", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?\nX. They eliminate matter by taking phosphorus from the ecosystem.\nV. They eliminate matter by taking nitrogen from the ecosystem.\nK. They cycle matter by returning oxygen and other matter to the ecosystem.\nD. They cycle matter by returning carbon and other matter to the ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3074}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_415545", "question": "What chemical symbol represents the element copper?", "choices": {"text": ["C", "Co", "Cp", "Cu"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What chemical symbol represents the element copper?\nA. C\nB. Co\nC. Cp\nD. Cu\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What chemical symbol represents the element copper?", "choices": {"text": ["C", "Cu", "Co", "Cp"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What chemical symbol represents the element copper?\nA. C\nB. Cu\nC. Co\nD. Cp\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What chemical symbol represents the element copper?", "choices": {"text": ["C", "Co", "Cp", "Cu"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What chemical symbol represents the element copper?\n1. C\n2. Co\n3. Cp\n4. Cu\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What chemical symbol represents the element copper?", "choices": {"text": ["C", "Co", "Cp", "Cu"], "label": ["Y", "H", "D", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What chemical symbol represents the element copper?\nY. C\nH. Co\nD. Cp\nP. Cu\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What chemical symbol represents the element copper?", "choices": {"text": ["C", "Cu", "Co", "Cp"], "label": ["Y", "H", "D", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What chemical symbol represents the element copper?\nY. C\nH. Cu\nD. Co\nP. Cp\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3075}
{"arc_id": "AIMS_2008_4_6", "question": "Meteorologists study weather. Which of the following should meteorologists know about?", "choices": {"text": ["types of fronts", "types of fossils", "types of circuits", "types of adaptations"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meteorologists study weather. Which of the following should meteorologists know about?\nA. types of fronts\nB. types of fossils\nC. types of circuits\nD. types of adaptations\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Meteorologists study weather. Which of the following should meteorologists know about?", "choices": {"text": ["types of adaptations", "types of circuits", "types of fronts", "types of fossils"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meteorologists study weather. Which of the following should meteorologists know about?\nA. types of adaptations\nB. types of circuits\nC. types of fronts\nD. types of fossils\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Meteorologists study weather. Which of the following should meteorologists know about?", "choices": {"text": ["types of fronts", "types of fossils", "types of circuits", "types of adaptations"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meteorologists study weather. Which of the following should meteorologists know about?\n1. types of fronts\n2. types of fossils\n3. types of circuits\n4. types of adaptations\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Meteorologists study weather. Which of the following should meteorologists know about?", "choices": {"text": ["types of fronts", "types of fossils", "types of circuits", "types of adaptations"], "label": ["R", "U", "H", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meteorologists study weather. Which of the following should meteorologists know about?\nR. types of fronts\nU. types of fossils\nH. types of circuits\nE. types of adaptations\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Meteorologists study weather. Which of the following should meteorologists know about?", "choices": {"text": ["types of adaptations", "types of circuits", "types of fronts", "types of fossils"], "label": ["R", "U", "H", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meteorologists study weather. Which of the following should meteorologists know about?\nR. types of adaptations\nU. types of circuits\nH. types of fronts\nE. types of fossils\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3076}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_1995_8_L7", "question": "The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting. Why is it impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to do this?", "choices": {"text": ["The sound is reflected more in space.", "The pressure is too high inside the spaceships.", "The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.", "There is no air in space for the sound to travel through."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting. Why is it impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to do this?\nA. The sound is reflected more in space.\nB. The pressure is too high inside the spaceships.\nC. The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.\nD. There is no air in space for the sound to travel through.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting. Why is it impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to do this?", "choices": {"text": ["The sound is reflected more in space.", "There is no air in space for the sound to travel through.", "The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.", "The pressure is too high inside the spaceships."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting. Why is it impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to do this?\nA. The sound is reflected more in space.\nB. There is no air in space for the sound to travel through.\nC. The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.\nD. The pressure is too high inside the spaceships.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting. Why is it impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to do this?", "choices": {"text": ["The sound is reflected more in space.", "The pressure is too high inside the spaceships.", "The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.", "There is no air in space for the sound to travel through."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting. Why is it impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to do this?\n1. The sound is reflected more in space.\n2. The pressure is too high inside the spaceships.\n3. The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.\n4. There is no air in space for the sound to travel through.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting. Why is it impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to do this?", "choices": {"text": ["The sound is reflected more in space.", "The pressure is too high inside the spaceships.", "The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.", "There is no air in space for the sound to travel through."], "label": ["U", "B", "M", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting. Why is it impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to do this?\nU. The sound is reflected more in space.\nB. The pressure is too high inside the spaceships.\nM. The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.\nL. There is no air in space for the sound to travel through.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting. Why is it impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to do this?", "choices": {"text": ["The sound is reflected more in space.", "There is no air in space for the sound to travel through.", "The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.", "The pressure is too high inside the spaceships."], "label": ["U", "B", "M", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: The crews of two boats at sea can communicate with each other by shouting. Why is it impossible for the crews of two spaceships a similar distance apart in space to do this?\nU. The sound is reflected more in space.\nB. There is no air in space for the sound to travel through.\nM. The spaceships are traveling faster than sound.\nL. The pressure is too high inside the spaceships.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3077}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401161", "question": "Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?", "choices": {"text": ["whole milk", "house paint", "mud puddle", "carbonated soda"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?\nA. whole milk\nB. house paint\nC. mud puddle\nD. carbonated soda\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?", "choices": {"text": ["carbonated soda", "whole milk", "house paint", "mud puddle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?\nA. carbonated soda\nB. whole milk\nC. house paint\nD. mud puddle\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?", "choices": {"text": ["whole milk", "house paint", "mud puddle", "carbonated soda"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?\n1. whole milk\n2. house paint\n3. mud puddle\n4. carbonated soda\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?", "choices": {"text": ["whole milk", "house paint", "mud puddle", "carbonated soda"], "label": ["A", "P", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?\nA. whole milk\nP. house paint\nL. mud puddle\nC. carbonated soda\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?", "choices": {"text": ["carbonated soda", "whole milk", "house paint", "mud puddle"], "label": ["A", "P", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which liquid most likely contains a dissolved gas?\nA. carbonated soda\nP. whole milk\nL. house paint\nC. mud puddle\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3078}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7086765", "question": "Silica sand is a resource used in large volume in Nevada. This resource is used to make which product?", "choices": {"text": ["tar", "glass", "plastic", "electricity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Silica sand is a resource used in large volume in Nevada. This resource is used to make which product?\nA. tar\nB. glass\nC. plastic\nD. electricity\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Silica sand is a resource used in large volume in Nevada. This resource is used to make which product?", "choices": {"text": ["glass", "electricity", "plastic", "tar"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Silica sand is a resource used in large volume in Nevada. This resource is used to make which product?\nA. glass\nB. electricity\nC. plastic\nD. tar\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Silica sand is a resource used in large volume in Nevada. This resource is used to make which product?", "choices": {"text": ["tar", "glass", "plastic", "electricity"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Silica sand is a resource used in large volume in Nevada. This resource is used to make which product?\n1. tar\n2. glass\n3. plastic\n4. electricity\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Silica sand is a resource used in large volume in Nevada. This resource is used to make which product?", "choices": {"text": ["tar", "glass", "plastic", "electricity"], "label": ["Q", "O", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Silica sand is a resource used in large volume in Nevada. This resource is used to make which product?\nQ. tar\nO. glass\nA. plastic\nH. electricity\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Silica sand is a resource used in large volume in Nevada. This resource is used to make which product?", "choices": {"text": ["glass", "electricity", "plastic", "tar"], "label": ["Q", "O", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Silica sand is a resource used in large volume in Nevada. This resource is used to make which product?\nQ. glass\nO. electricity\nA. plastic\nH. tar\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3079}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_183768", "question": "Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?", "choices": {"text": ["transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body", "supports and protects tissues and organs", "removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body", "breaks down food into a form that cells can use"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?\nA. transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body\nB. supports and protects tissues and organs\nC. removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body\nD. breaks down food into a form that cells can use\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?", "choices": {"text": ["removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body", "transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body", "breaks down food into a form that cells can use", "supports and protects tissues and organs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?\nA. removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body\nB. transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body\nC. breaks down food into a form that cells can use\nD. supports and protects tissues and organs\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?", "choices": {"text": ["transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body", "supports and protects tissues and organs", "removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body", "breaks down food into a form that cells can use"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?\n1. transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body\n2. supports and protects tissues and organs\n3. removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body\n4. breaks down food into a form that cells can use\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?", "choices": {"text": ["transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body", "supports and protects tissues and organs", "removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body", "breaks down food into a form that cells can use"], "label": ["T", "R", "K", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?\nT. transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body\nR. supports and protects tissues and organs\nK. removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body\nG. breaks down food into a form that cells can use\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?", "choices": {"text": ["removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body", "transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body", "breaks down food into a form that cells can use", "supports and protects tissues and organs"], "label": ["T", "R", "K", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes the function of the skeletal system?\nT. removes harmful wastes from the cells of the body\nR. transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body\nK. breaks down food into a form that cells can use\nG. supports and protects tissues and organs\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3080}
{"arc_id": "TAKS_2009_5_6", "question": "A student wants to find out how many different kinds of birds are found in a park. In addition to a bird identification book, the student should use ___.", "choices": {"text": ["binoculars", "goggles", "a microscope", "a hand lens"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to find out how many different kinds of birds are found in a park. In addition to a bird identification book, the student should use ___.\nA. binoculars\nB. goggles\nC. a microscope\nD. a hand lens\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to find out how many different kinds of birds are found in a park. In addition to a bird identification book, the student should use ___.", "choices": {"text": ["goggles", "a microscope", "a hand lens", "binoculars"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to find out how many different kinds of birds are found in a park. In addition to a bird identification book, the student should use ___.\nA. goggles\nB. a microscope\nC. a hand lens\nD. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to find out how many different kinds of birds are found in a park. In addition to a bird identification book, the student should use ___.", "choices": {"text": ["binoculars", "goggles", "a microscope", "a hand lens"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to find out how many different kinds of birds are found in a park. In addition to a bird identification book, the student should use ___.\n1. binoculars\n2. goggles\n3. a microscope\n4. a hand lens\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to find out how many different kinds of birds are found in a park. In addition to a bird identification book, the student should use ___.", "choices": {"text": ["binoculars", "goggles", "a microscope", "a hand lens"], "label": ["X", "B", "J", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to find out how many different kinds of birds are found in a park. In addition to a bird identification book, the student should use ___.\nX. binoculars\nB. goggles\nJ. a microscope\nZ. a hand lens\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to find out how many different kinds of birds are found in a park. In addition to a bird identification book, the student should use ___.", "choices": {"text": ["goggles", "a microscope", "a hand lens", "binoculars"], "label": ["X", "B", "J", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to find out how many different kinds of birds are found in a park. In addition to a bird identification book, the student should use ___.\nX. goggles\nB. a microscope\nJ. a hand lens\nZ. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3081}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7222775", "question": "Nevada mines produce greater quantities of a particular resource than any other state. What resource is produced from these mines?", "choices": {"text": ["zinc", "copper", "gold", "lead"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Nevada mines produce greater quantities of a particular resource than any other state. What resource is produced from these mines?\nA. zinc\nB. copper\nC. gold\nD. lead\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Nevada mines produce greater quantities of a particular resource than any other state. What resource is produced from these mines?", "choices": {"text": ["zinc", "lead", "copper", "gold"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Nevada mines produce greater quantities of a particular resource than any other state. What resource is produced from these mines?\nA. zinc\nB. lead\nC. copper\nD. gold\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Nevada mines produce greater quantities of a particular resource than any other state. What resource is produced from these mines?", "choices": {"text": ["zinc", "copper", "gold", "lead"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Nevada mines produce greater quantities of a particular resource than any other state. What resource is produced from these mines?\n1. zinc\n2. copper\n3. gold\n4. lead\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Nevada mines produce greater quantities of a particular resource than any other state. What resource is produced from these mines?", "choices": {"text": ["zinc", "copper", "gold", "lead"], "label": ["I", "J", "S", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Nevada mines produce greater quantities of a particular resource than any other state. What resource is produced from these mines?\nI. zinc\nJ. copper\nS. gold\nP. lead\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Nevada mines produce greater quantities of a particular resource than any other state. What resource is produced from these mines?", "choices": {"text": ["zinc", "lead", "copper", "gold"], "label": ["I", "J", "S", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Nevada mines produce greater quantities of a particular resource than any other state. What resource is produced from these mines?\nI. zinc\nJ. lead\nS. copper\nP. gold\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3082}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_5_20", "question": "A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?", "choices": {"text": ["The ball has light energy.", "The ball has kinetic energy.", "The ball is transferring sound energy to the air.", "The ball is transferring light energy to the air."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?\nA. The ball has light energy.\nB. The ball has kinetic energy.\nC. The ball is transferring sound energy to the air.\nD. The ball is transferring light energy to the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?", "choices": {"text": ["The ball has kinetic energy.", "The ball is transferring light energy to the air.", "The ball has light energy.", "The ball is transferring sound energy to the air."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?\nA. The ball has kinetic energy.\nB. The ball is transferring light energy to the air.\nC. The ball has light energy.\nD. The ball is transferring sound energy to the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?", "choices": {"text": ["The ball has light energy.", "The ball has kinetic energy.", "The ball is transferring sound energy to the air.", "The ball is transferring light energy to the air."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?\n1. The ball has light energy.\n2. The ball has kinetic energy.\n3. The ball is transferring sound energy to the air.\n4. The ball is transferring light energy to the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?", "choices": {"text": ["The ball has light energy.", "The ball has kinetic energy.", "The ball is transferring sound energy to the air.", "The ball is transferring light energy to the air."], "label": ["U", "M", "G", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?\nU. The ball has light energy.\nM. The ball has kinetic energy.\nG. The ball is transferring sound energy to the air.\nH. The ball is transferring light energy to the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?", "choices": {"text": ["The ball has kinetic energy.", "The ball is transferring light energy to the air.", "The ball has light energy.", "The ball is transferring sound energy to the air."], "label": ["U", "M", "G", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball?\nU. The ball has kinetic energy.\nM. The ball is transferring light energy to the air.\nG. The ball has light energy.\nH. The ball is transferring sound energy to the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3083}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2010_8_9-v1", "question": "During which process does genetic material come from two parents?", "choices": {"text": ["asexual reproduction", "photosynthesis", "respiration", "sexual reproduction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process does genetic material come from two parents?\nA. asexual reproduction\nB. photosynthesis\nC. respiration\nD. sexual reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process does genetic material come from two parents?", "choices": {"text": ["respiration", "sexual reproduction", "photosynthesis", "asexual reproduction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process does genetic material come from two parents?\nA. respiration\nB. sexual reproduction\nC. photosynthesis\nD. asexual reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process does genetic material come from two parents?", "choices": {"text": ["asexual reproduction", "photosynthesis", "respiration", "sexual reproduction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process does genetic material come from two parents?\n1. asexual reproduction\n2. photosynthesis\n3. respiration\n4. sexual reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process does genetic material come from two parents?", "choices": {"text": ["asexual reproduction", "photosynthesis", "respiration", "sexual reproduction"], "label": ["I", "N", "F", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process does genetic material come from two parents?\nI. asexual reproduction\nN. photosynthesis\nF. respiration\nT. sexual reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During which process does genetic material come from two parents?", "choices": {"text": ["respiration", "sexual reproduction", "photosynthesis", "asexual reproduction"], "label": ["I", "N", "F", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which process does genetic material come from two parents?\nI. respiration\nN. sexual reproduction\nF. photosynthesis\nT. asexual reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3084}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7268030", "question": "Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["predator-prey population cycles", "less biomass at higher levels of the food web", "a shrinking variety of animal and plant species", "competition among some consumer populations"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?\nA. predator-prey population cycles\nB. less biomass at higher levels of the food web\nC. a shrinking variety of animal and plant species\nD. competition among some consumer populations\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["competition among some consumer populations", "predator-prey population cycles", "less biomass at higher levels of the food web", "a shrinking variety of animal and plant species"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?\nA. competition among some consumer populations\nB. predator-prey population cycles\nC. less biomass at higher levels of the food web\nD. a shrinking variety of animal and plant species\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["predator-prey population cycles", "less biomass at higher levels of the food web", "a shrinking variety of animal and plant species", "competition among some consumer populations"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?\n1. predator-prey population cycles\n2. less biomass at higher levels of the food web\n3. a shrinking variety of animal and plant species\n4. competition among some consumer populations\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["predator-prey population cycles", "less biomass at higher levels of the food web", "a shrinking variety of animal and plant species", "competition among some consumer populations"], "label": ["G", "E", "N", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?\nG. predator-prey population cycles\nE. less biomass at higher levels of the food web\nN. a shrinking variety of animal and plant species\nT. competition among some consumer populations\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["competition among some consumer populations", "predator-prey population cycles", "less biomass at higher levels of the food web", "a shrinking variety of animal and plant species"], "label": ["G", "E", "N", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?\nG. competition among some consumer populations\nE. predator-prey population cycles\nN. less biomass at higher levels of the food web\nT. a shrinking variety of animal and plant species\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3085}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_5", "question": "Which human organ system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "nervous", "muscular", "endocrine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions?\nA. digestive\nB. nervous\nC. muscular\nD. endocrine\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular", "nervous", "endocrine", "digestive"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions?\nA. muscular\nB. nervous\nC. endocrine\nD. digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "nervous", "muscular", "endocrine"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions?\n1. digestive\n2. nervous\n3. muscular\n4. endocrine\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "nervous", "muscular", "endocrine"], "label": ["W", "T", "Q", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions?\nW. digestive\nT. nervous\nQ. muscular\nV. endocrine\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular", "nervous", "endocrine", "digestive"], "label": ["W", "T", "Q", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system produces most of the hormones that regulate body functions?\nW. muscular\nT. nervous\nQ. endocrine\nV. digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3086}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7239138", "question": "The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen bonds.", "covalent bonds.", "Brownian motion.", "magnetic fields."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by\nA. hydrogen bonds.\nB. covalent bonds.\nC. Brownian motion.\nD. magnetic fields.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic fields.", "covalent bonds.", "hydrogen bonds.", "Brownian motion."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by\nA. magnetic fields.\nB. covalent bonds.\nC. hydrogen bonds.\nD. Brownian motion.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen bonds.", "covalent bonds.", "Brownian motion.", "magnetic fields."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by\n1. hydrogen bonds.\n2. covalent bonds.\n3. Brownian motion.\n4. magnetic fields.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen bonds.", "covalent bonds.", "Brownian motion.", "magnetic fields."], "label": ["I", "G", "M", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by\nI. hydrogen bonds.\nG. covalent bonds.\nM. Brownian motion.\nO. magnetic fields.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic fields.", "covalent bonds.", "hydrogen bonds.", "Brownian motion."], "label": ["I", "G", "M", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by\nI. magnetic fields.\nG. covalent bonds.\nM. hydrogen bonds.\nO. Brownian motion.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3087}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400662", "question": "A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?", "choices": {"text": ["the types of nests they build", "the lengths of their tails", "the shapes of their beaks", "the colors of their feathers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?\nA. the types of nests they build\nB. the lengths of their tails\nC. the shapes of their beaks\nD. the colors of their feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?", "choices": {"text": ["the shapes of their beaks", "the types of nests they build", "the lengths of their tails", "the colors of their feathers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?\nA. the shapes of their beaks\nB. the types of nests they build\nC. the lengths of their tails\nD. the colors of their feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?", "choices": {"text": ["the types of nests they build", "the lengths of their tails", "the shapes of their beaks", "the colors of their feathers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?\n1. the types of nests they build\n2. the lengths of their tails\n3. the shapes of their beaks\n4. the colors of their feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?", "choices": {"text": ["the types of nests they build", "the lengths of their tails", "the shapes of their beaks", "the colors of their feathers"], "label": ["N", "U", "W", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?\nN. the types of nests they build\nU. the lengths of their tails\nW. the shapes of their beaks\nB. the colors of their feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?", "choices": {"text": ["the shapes of their beaks", "the types of nests they build", "the lengths of their tails", "the colors of their feathers"], "label": ["N", "U", "W", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A few types of birds live in the same ecosystem. Which of these characteristics would most likely affect how they compete with each other for food?\nN. the shapes of their beaks\nU. the types of nests they build\nW. the lengths of their tails\nB. the colors of their feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3088}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_414097", "question": "Most of the United States is a part of which tectonic plate?", "choices": {"text": ["Pacific Plate", "Eurasian Plate", "North American Plate", "South American Plate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most of the United States is a part of which tectonic plate?\nA. Pacific Plate\nB. Eurasian Plate\nC. North American Plate\nD. South American Plate\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Most of the United States is a part of which tectonic plate?", "choices": {"text": ["Pacific Plate", "North American Plate", "South American Plate", "Eurasian Plate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most of the United States is a part of which tectonic plate?\nA. Pacific Plate\nB. North American Plate\nC. South American Plate\nD. Eurasian Plate\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Most of the United States is a part of which tectonic plate?", "choices": {"text": ["Pacific Plate", "Eurasian Plate", "North American Plate", "South American Plate"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most of the United States is a part of which tectonic plate?\n1. Pacific Plate\n2. Eurasian Plate\n3. North American Plate\n4. South American Plate\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most of the United States is a part of which tectonic plate?", "choices": {"text": ["Pacific Plate", "Eurasian Plate", "North American Plate", "South American Plate"], "label": ["Y", "E", "V", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most of the United States is a part of which tectonic plate?\nY. Pacific Plate\nE. Eurasian Plate\nV. North American Plate\nM. South American Plate\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most of the United States is a part of which tectonic plate?", "choices": {"text": ["Pacific Plate", "North American Plate", "South American Plate", "Eurasian Plate"], "label": ["Y", "E", "V", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most of the United States is a part of which tectonic plate?\nY. Pacific Plate\nE. North American Plate\nV. South American Plate\nM. Eurasian Plate\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3089}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7083598", "question": "At one time, scientists believed that living organisms came from nonliving objects. This theory was revised through", "choices": {"text": ["changes in popular belief.", "evidence from experiments.", "information published in books.", "advances in the scientific method."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At one time, scientists believed that living organisms came from nonliving objects. This theory was revised through\nA. changes in popular belief.\nB. evidence from experiments.\nC. information published in books.\nD. advances in the scientific method.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "At one time, scientists believed that living organisms came from nonliving objects. This theory was revised through", "choices": {"text": ["changes in popular belief.", "information published in books.", "advances in the scientific method.", "evidence from experiments."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At one time, scientists believed that living organisms came from nonliving objects. This theory was revised through\nA. changes in popular belief.\nB. information published in books.\nC. advances in the scientific method.\nD. evidence from experiments.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "At one time, scientists believed that living organisms came from nonliving objects. This theory was revised through", "choices": {"text": ["changes in popular belief.", "evidence from experiments.", "information published in books.", "advances in the scientific method."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: At one time, scientists believed that living organisms came from nonliving objects. This theory was revised through\n1. changes in popular belief.\n2. evidence from experiments.\n3. information published in books.\n4. advances in the scientific method.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At one time, scientists believed that living organisms came from nonliving objects. This theory was revised through", "choices": {"text": ["changes in popular belief.", "evidence from experiments.", "information published in books.", "advances in the scientific method."], "label": ["X", "A", "H", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: At one time, scientists believed that living organisms came from nonliving objects. This theory was revised through\nX. changes in popular belief.\nA. evidence from experiments.\nH. information published in books.\nY. advances in the scientific method.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At one time, scientists believed that living organisms came from nonliving objects. This theory was revised through", "choices": {"text": ["changes in popular belief.", "information published in books.", "advances in the scientific method.", "evidence from experiments."], "label": ["X", "A", "H", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: At one time, scientists believed that living organisms came from nonliving objects. This theory was revised through\nX. changes in popular belief.\nA. information published in books.\nH. advances in the scientific method.\nY. evidence from experiments.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3090}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2012_8_36", "question": "The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?", "choices": {"text": ["to digest food", "to help in defense", "to eliminate waste", "to enable movement"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?\nA. to digest food\nB. to help in defense\nC. to eliminate waste\nD. to enable movement\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?", "choices": {"text": ["to digest food", "to eliminate waste", "to enable movement", "to help in defense"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?\nA. to digest food\nB. to eliminate waste\nC. to enable movement\nD. to help in defense\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?", "choices": {"text": ["to digest food", "to help in defense", "to eliminate waste", "to enable movement"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?\n1. to digest food\n2. to help in defense\n3. to eliminate waste\n4. to enable movement\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?", "choices": {"text": ["to digest food", "to help in defense", "to eliminate waste", "to enable movement"], "label": ["F", "H", "B", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?\nF. to digest food\nH. to help in defense\nB. to eliminate waste\nY. to enable movement\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?", "choices": {"text": ["to digest food", "to eliminate waste", "to enable movement", "to help in defense"], "label": ["F", "H", "B", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?\nF. to digest food\nH. to eliminate waste\nB. to enable movement\nY. to help in defense\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3091}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2011_5_36", "question": "Which is the best tool for measuring the temperature of lake water?", "choices": {"text": ["Meter stick", "Balance", "Graduated cylinder", "Thermometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best tool for measuring the temperature of lake water?\nA. Meter stick\nB. Balance\nC. Graduated cylinder\nD. Thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best tool for measuring the temperature of lake water?", "choices": {"text": ["Thermometer", "Meter stick", "Balance", "Graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best tool for measuring the temperature of lake water?\nA. Thermometer\nB. Meter stick\nC. Balance\nD. Graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best tool for measuring the temperature of lake water?", "choices": {"text": ["Meter stick", "Balance", "Graduated cylinder", "Thermometer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best tool for measuring the temperature of lake water?\n1. Meter stick\n2. Balance\n3. Graduated cylinder\n4. Thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best tool for measuring the temperature of lake water?", "choices": {"text": ["Meter stick", "Balance", "Graduated cylinder", "Thermometer"], "label": ["F", "J", "X", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best tool for measuring the temperature of lake water?\nF. Meter stick\nJ. Balance\nX. Graduated cylinder\nV. Thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best tool for measuring the temperature of lake water?", "choices": {"text": ["Thermometer", "Meter stick", "Balance", "Graduated cylinder"], "label": ["F", "J", "X", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best tool for measuring the temperature of lake water?\nF. Thermometer\nJ. Meter stick\nX. Balance\nV. Graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3092}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2010_3_13", "question": "The teeth of a carnivore are MOSTLY -", "choices": {"text": ["pointed", "rounded", "wide", "flat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The teeth of a carnivore are MOSTLY -\nA. pointed\nB. rounded\nC. wide\nD. flat\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The teeth of a carnivore are MOSTLY -", "choices": {"text": ["wide", "flat", "pointed", "rounded"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The teeth of a carnivore are MOSTLY -\nA. wide\nB. flat\nC. pointed\nD. rounded\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The teeth of a carnivore are MOSTLY -", "choices": {"text": ["pointed", "rounded", "wide", "flat"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The teeth of a carnivore are MOSTLY -\n1. pointed\n2. rounded\n3. wide\n4. flat\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The teeth of a carnivore are MOSTLY -", "choices": {"text": ["pointed", "rounded", "wide", "flat"], "label": ["J", "Z", "Y", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: The teeth of a carnivore are MOSTLY -\nJ. pointed\nZ. rounded\nY. wide\nG. flat\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The teeth of a carnivore are MOSTLY -", "choices": {"text": ["wide", "flat", "pointed", "rounded"], "label": ["J", "Z", "Y", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: The teeth of a carnivore are MOSTLY -\nJ. wide\nZ. flat\nY. pointed\nG. rounded\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3093}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405141", "question": "Panels of solar cells are used to collect energy from the Sun and convert it into energy for use in homes. Into what type of energy is the solar energy converted?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "geothermal", "hydroelectric"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Panels of solar cells are used to collect energy from the Sun and convert it into energy for use in homes. Into what type of energy is the solar energy converted?\nA. chemical\nB. electrical\nC. geothermal\nD. hydroelectric\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Panels of solar cells are used to collect energy from the Sun and convert it into energy for use in homes. Into what type of energy is the solar energy converted?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "hydroelectric", "geothermal", "electrical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Panels of solar cells are used to collect energy from the Sun and convert it into energy for use in homes. Into what type of energy is the solar energy converted?\nA. chemical\nB. hydroelectric\nC. geothermal\nD. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Panels of solar cells are used to collect energy from the Sun and convert it into energy for use in homes. Into what type of energy is the solar energy converted?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "geothermal", "hydroelectric"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Panels of solar cells are used to collect energy from the Sun and convert it into energy for use in homes. Into what type of energy is the solar energy converted?\n1. chemical\n2. electrical\n3. geothermal\n4. hydroelectric\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Panels of solar cells are used to collect energy from the Sun and convert it into energy for use in homes. Into what type of energy is the solar energy converted?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "geothermal", "hydroelectric"], "label": ["X", "F", "S", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Panels of solar cells are used to collect energy from the Sun and convert it into energy for use in homes. Into what type of energy is the solar energy converted?\nX. chemical\nF. electrical\nS. geothermal\nZ. hydroelectric\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Panels of solar cells are used to collect energy from the Sun and convert it into energy for use in homes. Into what type of energy is the solar energy converted?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "hydroelectric", "geothermal", "electrical"], "label": ["X", "F", "S", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Panels of solar cells are used to collect energy from the Sun and convert it into energy for use in homes. Into what type of energy is the solar energy converted?\nX. chemical\nF. hydroelectric\nS. geothermal\nZ. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3094}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026968", "question": "A student wants to estimate the number of dandelion plants growing in a field. He counts the number of plants in a 5 square meter section of the field. What other information should he obtain to make his estimate?", "choices": {"text": ["the total area of the field", "average rainfall in the area", "all the organisms living in the field", "energy and nutrient requirements of dandelions"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to estimate the number of dandelion plants growing in a field. He counts the number of plants in a 5 square meter section of the field. What other information should he obtain to make his estimate?\nA. the total area of the field\nB. average rainfall in the area\nC. all the organisms living in the field\nD. energy and nutrient requirements of dandelions\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to estimate the number of dandelion plants growing in a field. He counts the number of plants in a 5 square meter section of the field. What other information should he obtain to make his estimate?", "choices": {"text": ["average rainfall in the area", "all the organisms living in the field", "the total area of the field", "energy and nutrient requirements of dandelions"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to estimate the number of dandelion plants growing in a field. He counts the number of plants in a 5 square meter section of the field. What other information should he obtain to make his estimate?\nA. average rainfall in the area\nB. all the organisms living in the field\nC. the total area of the field\nD. energy and nutrient requirements of dandelions\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to estimate the number of dandelion plants growing in a field. He counts the number of plants in a 5 square meter section of the field. What other information should he obtain to make his estimate?", "choices": {"text": ["the total area of the field", "average rainfall in the area", "all the organisms living in the field", "energy and nutrient requirements of dandelions"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to estimate the number of dandelion plants growing in a field. He counts the number of plants in a 5 square meter section of the field. What other information should he obtain to make his estimate?\n1. the total area of the field\n2. average rainfall in the area\n3. all the organisms living in the field\n4. energy and nutrient requirements of dandelions\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to estimate the number of dandelion plants growing in a field. He counts the number of plants in a 5 square meter section of the field. What other information should he obtain to make his estimate?", "choices": {"text": ["the total area of the field", "average rainfall in the area", "all the organisms living in the field", "energy and nutrient requirements of dandelions"], "label": ["J", "Q", "R", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to estimate the number of dandelion plants growing in a field. He counts the number of plants in a 5 square meter section of the field. What other information should he obtain to make his estimate?\nJ. the total area of the field\nQ. average rainfall in the area\nR. all the organisms living in the field\nN. energy and nutrient requirements of dandelions\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to estimate the number of dandelion plants growing in a field. He counts the number of plants in a 5 square meter section of the field. What other information should he obtain to make his estimate?", "choices": {"text": ["average rainfall in the area", "all the organisms living in the field", "the total area of the field", "energy and nutrient requirements of dandelions"], "label": ["J", "Q", "R", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to estimate the number of dandelion plants growing in a field. He counts the number of plants in a 5 square meter section of the field. What other information should he obtain to make his estimate?\nJ. average rainfall in the area\nQ. all the organisms living in the field\nR. the total area of the field\nN. energy and nutrient requirements of dandelions\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3095}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7234395", "question": "Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?", "choices": {"text": ["ocean water", "aquifer water", "river water", "lake water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?\nA. ocean water\nB. aquifer water\nC. river water\nD. lake water\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?", "choices": {"text": ["river water", "lake water", "ocean water", "aquifer water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?\nA. river water\nB. lake water\nC. ocean water\nD. aquifer water\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?", "choices": {"text": ["ocean water", "aquifer water", "river water", "lake water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?\n1. ocean water\n2. aquifer water\n3. river water\n4. lake water\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?", "choices": {"text": ["ocean water", "aquifer water", "river water", "lake water"], "label": ["F", "C", "L", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?\nF. ocean water\nC. aquifer water\nL. river water\nB. lake water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?", "choices": {"text": ["river water", "lake water", "ocean water", "aquifer water"], "label": ["F", "C", "L", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Overuse of which water resource tends to cause land to subside?\nF. river water\nC. lake water\nL. ocean water\nB. aquifer water\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3096}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_402535", "question": "Students are preparing to determine the boiling points of several aqueous solutions. In addition to proper lab attire, what devices or instruments will the students need to conduct this experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["hot plate, beaker, masking tape", "thermometer, hot plate, beaker", "matches, beaker, thermometer", "balance, hot plate, thermometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are preparing to determine the boiling points of several aqueous solutions. In addition to proper lab attire, what devices or instruments will the students need to conduct this experiment?\nA. hot plate, beaker, masking tape\nB. thermometer, hot plate, beaker\nC. matches, beaker, thermometer\nD. balance, hot plate, thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are preparing to determine the boiling points of several aqueous solutions. In addition to proper lab attire, what devices or instruments will the students need to conduct this experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["matches, beaker, thermometer", "hot plate, beaker, masking tape", "thermometer, hot plate, beaker", "balance, hot plate, thermometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are preparing to determine the boiling points of several aqueous solutions. In addition to proper lab attire, what devices or instruments will the students need to conduct this experiment?\nA. matches, beaker, thermometer\nB. hot plate, beaker, masking tape\nC. thermometer, hot plate, beaker\nD. balance, hot plate, thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are preparing to determine the boiling points of several aqueous solutions. In addition to proper lab attire, what devices or instruments will the students need to conduct this experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["hot plate, beaker, masking tape", "thermometer, hot plate, beaker", "matches, beaker, thermometer", "balance, hot plate, thermometer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are preparing to determine the boiling points of several aqueous solutions. In addition to proper lab attire, what devices or instruments will the students need to conduct this experiment?\n1. hot plate, beaker, masking tape\n2. thermometer, hot plate, beaker\n3. matches, beaker, thermometer\n4. balance, hot plate, thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are preparing to determine the boiling points of several aqueous solutions. In addition to proper lab attire, what devices or instruments will the students need to conduct this experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["hot plate, beaker, masking tape", "thermometer, hot plate, beaker", "matches, beaker, thermometer", "balance, hot plate, thermometer"], "label": ["E", "O", "A", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are preparing to determine the boiling points of several aqueous solutions. In addition to proper lab attire, what devices or instruments will the students need to conduct this experiment?\nE. hot plate, beaker, masking tape\nO. thermometer, hot plate, beaker\nA. matches, beaker, thermometer\nN. balance, hot plate, thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are preparing to determine the boiling points of several aqueous solutions. In addition to proper lab attire, what devices or instruments will the students need to conduct this experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["matches, beaker, thermometer", "hot plate, beaker, masking tape", "thermometer, hot plate, beaker", "balance, hot plate, thermometer"], "label": ["E", "O", "A", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are preparing to determine the boiling points of several aqueous solutions. In addition to proper lab attire, what devices or instruments will the students need to conduct this experiment?\nE. matches, beaker, thermometer\nO. hot plate, beaker, masking tape\nA. thermometer, hot plate, beaker\nN. balance, hot plate, thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3097}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2011_8_2", "question": "One solar day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 50 minutes. What causes a solar day?", "choices": {"text": ["diameter of the planet", "rotational speed of the planet", "speed of a planet in orbit around the sun", "diameter of the orbit of a planet around the sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One solar day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 50 minutes. What causes a solar day?\nA. diameter of the planet\nB. rotational speed of the planet\nC. speed of a planet in orbit around the sun\nD. diameter of the orbit of a planet around the sun\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One solar day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 50 minutes. What causes a solar day?", "choices": {"text": ["rotational speed of the planet", "diameter of the orbit of a planet around the sun", "speed of a planet in orbit around the sun", "diameter of the planet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One solar day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 50 minutes. What causes a solar day?\nA. rotational speed of the planet\nB. diameter of the orbit of a planet around the sun\nC. speed of a planet in orbit around the sun\nD. diameter of the planet\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One solar day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 50 minutes. What causes a solar day?", "choices": {"text": ["diameter of the planet", "rotational speed of the planet", "speed of a planet in orbit around the sun", "diameter of the orbit of a planet around the sun"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One solar day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 50 minutes. What causes a solar day?\n1. diameter of the planet\n2. rotational speed of the planet\n3. speed of a planet in orbit around the sun\n4. diameter of the orbit of a planet around the sun\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One solar day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 50 minutes. What causes a solar day?", "choices": {"text": ["diameter of the planet", "rotational speed of the planet", "speed of a planet in orbit around the sun", "diameter of the orbit of a planet around the sun"], "label": ["H", "G", "J", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: One solar day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 50 minutes. What causes a solar day?\nH. diameter of the planet\nG. rotational speed of the planet\nJ. speed of a planet in orbit around the sun\nT. diameter of the orbit of a planet around the sun\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One solar day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 50 minutes. What causes a solar day?", "choices": {"text": ["rotational speed of the planet", "diameter of the orbit of a planet around the sun", "speed of a planet in orbit around the sun", "diameter of the planet"], "label": ["H", "G", "J", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: One solar day on Jupiter lasts only 9 hours and 50 minutes. What causes a solar day?\nH. rotational speed of the planet\nG. diameter of the orbit of a planet around the sun\nJ. speed of a planet in orbit around the sun\nT. diameter of the planet\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3098}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7086783", "question": "The finest-grained soils are richest in", "choices": {"text": ["sand.", "humus.", "clay.", "iron."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The finest-grained soils are richest in\nA. sand.\nB. humus.\nC. clay.\nD. iron.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The finest-grained soils are richest in", "choices": {"text": ["humus.", "clay.", "sand.", "iron."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The finest-grained soils are richest in\nA. humus.\nB. clay.\nC. sand.\nD. iron.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The finest-grained soils are richest in", "choices": {"text": ["sand.", "humus.", "clay.", "iron."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The finest-grained soils are richest in\n1. sand.\n2. humus.\n3. clay.\n4. iron.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The finest-grained soils are richest in", "choices": {"text": ["sand.", "humus.", "clay.", "iron."], "label": ["A", "V", "L", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: The finest-grained soils are richest in\nA. sand.\nV. humus.\nL. clay.\nR. iron.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The finest-grained soils are richest in", "choices": {"text": ["humus.", "clay.", "sand.", "iron."], "label": ["A", "V", "L", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: The finest-grained soils are richest in\nA. humus.\nV. clay.\nL. sand.\nR. iron.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3099}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405164", "question": "Wind and water are examples of renewable energy sources because", "choices": {"text": ["they will stop producing energy.", "they were formed millions of years ago.", "they are always available to produce energy.", "they take millions of years to start producing energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wind and water are examples of renewable energy sources because\nA. they will stop producing energy.\nB. they were formed millions of years ago.\nC. they are always available to produce energy.\nD. they take millions of years to start producing energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Wind and water are examples of renewable energy sources because", "choices": {"text": ["they were formed millions of years ago.", "they take millions of years to start producing energy.", "they will stop producing energy.", "they are always available to produce energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wind and water are examples of renewable energy sources because\nA. they were formed millions of years ago.\nB. they take millions of years to start producing energy.\nC. they will stop producing energy.\nD. they are always available to produce energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Wind and water are examples of renewable energy sources because", "choices": {"text": ["they will stop producing energy.", "they were formed millions of years ago.", "they are always available to produce energy.", "they take millions of years to start producing energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wind and water are examples of renewable energy sources because\n1. they will stop producing energy.\n2. they were formed millions of years ago.\n3. they are always available to produce energy.\n4. they take millions of years to start producing energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Wind and water are examples of renewable energy sources because", "choices": {"text": ["they will stop producing energy.", "they were formed millions of years ago.", "they are always available to produce energy.", "they take millions of years to start producing energy."], "label": ["I", "V", "B", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wind and water are examples of renewable energy sources because\nI. they will stop producing energy.\nV. they were formed millions of years ago.\nB. they are always available to produce energy.\nD. they take millions of years to start producing energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Wind and water are examples of renewable energy sources because", "choices": {"text": ["they were formed millions of years ago.", "they take millions of years to start producing energy.", "they will stop producing energy.", "they are always available to produce energy."], "label": ["I", "V", "B", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wind and water are examples of renewable energy sources because\nI. they were formed millions of years ago.\nV. they take millions of years to start producing energy.\nB. they will stop producing energy.\nD. they are always available to produce energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3100}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7018340", "question": "Gregor Mendel contributed to the study of biology by the careful, objective study of", "choices": {"text": ["heredity.", "bacteria.", "pedigrees.", "environment."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gregor Mendel contributed to the study of biology by the careful, objective study of\nA. heredity.\nB. bacteria.\nC. pedigrees.\nD. environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Gregor Mendel contributed to the study of biology by the careful, objective study of", "choices": {"text": ["environment.", "pedigrees.", "bacteria.", "heredity."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gregor Mendel contributed to the study of biology by the careful, objective study of\nA. environment.\nB. pedigrees.\nC. bacteria.\nD. heredity.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Gregor Mendel contributed to the study of biology by the careful, objective study of", "choices": {"text": ["heredity.", "bacteria.", "pedigrees.", "environment."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gregor Mendel contributed to the study of biology by the careful, objective study of\n1. heredity.\n2. bacteria.\n3. pedigrees.\n4. environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Gregor Mendel contributed to the study of biology by the careful, objective study of", "choices": {"text": ["heredity.", "bacteria.", "pedigrees.", "environment."], "label": ["Y", "Z", "P", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gregor Mendel contributed to the study of biology by the careful, objective study of\nY. heredity.\nZ. bacteria.\nP. pedigrees.\nM. environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Gregor Mendel contributed to the study of biology by the careful, objective study of", "choices": {"text": ["environment.", "pedigrees.", "bacteria.", "heredity."], "label": ["Y", "Z", "P", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gregor Mendel contributed to the study of biology by the careful, objective study of\nY. environment.\nZ. pedigrees.\nP. bacteria.\nM. heredity.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3101}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7240923", "question": "Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?", "choices": {"text": ["Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.", "Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.", "Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.", "Transformed bacteria become a new species."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?\nA. Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.\nB. Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.\nC. Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.\nD. Transformed bacteria become a new species.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?", "choices": {"text": ["Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.", "Transformed bacteria become a new species.", "Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.", "Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?\nA. Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.\nB. Transformed bacteria become a new species.\nC. Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.\nD. Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?", "choices": {"text": ["Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.", "Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.", "Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.", "Transformed bacteria become a new species."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?\n1. Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.\n2. Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.\n3. Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.\n4. Transformed bacteria become a new species.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?", "choices": {"text": ["Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.", "Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.", "Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.", "Transformed bacteria become a new species."], "label": ["X", "Z", "N", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?\nX. Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.\nZ. Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.\nN. Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.\nF. Transformed bacteria become a new species.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?", "choices": {"text": ["Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.", "Transformed bacteria become a new species.", "Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.", "Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes."], "label": ["X", "Z", "N", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?\nX. Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.\nZ. Transformed bacteria become a new species.\nN. Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.\nF. Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3102}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401122", "question": "A metal pan will heat up quickly when placed over a gas or electric burner. The metal pan is a good", "choices": {"text": ["resistor.", "insulator.", "conductor.", "accelerator."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal pan will heat up quickly when placed over a gas or electric burner. The metal pan is a good\nA. resistor.\nB. insulator.\nC. conductor.\nD. accelerator.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal pan will heat up quickly when placed over a gas or electric burner. The metal pan is a good", "choices": {"text": ["insulator.", "conductor.", "resistor.", "accelerator."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal pan will heat up quickly when placed over a gas or electric burner. The metal pan is a good\nA. insulator.\nB. conductor.\nC. resistor.\nD. accelerator.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal pan will heat up quickly when placed over a gas or electric burner. The metal pan is a good", "choices": {"text": ["resistor.", "insulator.", "conductor.", "accelerator."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal pan will heat up quickly when placed over a gas or electric burner. The metal pan is a good\n1. resistor.\n2. insulator.\n3. conductor.\n4. accelerator.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal pan will heat up quickly when placed over a gas or electric burner. The metal pan is a good", "choices": {"text": ["resistor.", "insulator.", "conductor.", "accelerator."], "label": ["J", "Z", "K", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal pan will heat up quickly when placed over a gas or electric burner. The metal pan is a good\nJ. resistor.\nZ. insulator.\nK. conductor.\nA. accelerator.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal pan will heat up quickly when placed over a gas or electric burner. The metal pan is a good", "choices": {"text": ["insulator.", "conductor.", "resistor.", "accelerator."], "label": ["J", "Z", "K", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal pan will heat up quickly when placed over a gas or electric burner. The metal pan is a good\nJ. insulator.\nZ. conductor.\nK. resistor.\nA. accelerator.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3103}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7080465", "question": "Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["Earthquakes occur along fault lines.", "Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.", "Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.", "Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?\nA. Earthquakes occur along fault lines.\nB. Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.\nC. Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.\nD. Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes.", "Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.", "Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.", "Earthquakes occur along fault lines."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?\nA. Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes.\nB. Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.\nC. Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.\nD. Earthquakes occur along fault lines.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["Earthquakes occur along fault lines.", "Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.", "Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.", "Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?\n1. Earthquakes occur along fault lines.\n2. Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.\n3. Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.\n4. Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["Earthquakes occur along fault lines.", "Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.", "Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.", "Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes."], "label": ["D", "O", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?\nD. Earthquakes occur along fault lines.\nO. Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.\nX. Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.\nK. Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes.", "Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.", "Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.", "Earthquakes occur along fault lines."], "label": ["D", "O", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a fact rather than an opinion about earthquakes?\nD. Earthquakes always cause major damage to homes.\nO. Earthquakes are bad for all local businesses.\nX. Earthquakes are worse than hurricanes.\nK. Earthquakes occur along fault lines.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3104}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2014_7_4", "question": "Which statement best describes the development of a human embryo?", "choices": {"text": ["A single cell becomes many cells.", "Each cell has a different function.", "Many cells combine to form one cell.", "All the cells have the same function."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the development of a human embryo?\nA. A single cell becomes many cells.\nB. Each cell has a different function.\nC. Many cells combine to form one cell.\nD. All the cells have the same function.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the development of a human embryo?", "choices": {"text": ["All the cells have the same function.", "Each cell has a different function.", "Many cells combine to form one cell.", "A single cell becomes many cells."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the development of a human embryo?\nA. All the cells have the same function.\nB. Each cell has a different function.\nC. Many cells combine to form one cell.\nD. A single cell becomes many cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the development of a human embryo?", "choices": {"text": ["A single cell becomes many cells.", "Each cell has a different function.", "Many cells combine to form one cell.", "All the cells have the same function."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the development of a human embryo?\n1. A single cell becomes many cells.\n2. Each cell has a different function.\n3. Many cells combine to form one cell.\n4. All the cells have the same function.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the development of a human embryo?", "choices": {"text": ["A single cell becomes many cells.", "Each cell has a different function.", "Many cells combine to form one cell.", "All the cells have the same function."], "label": ["U", "C", "X", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the development of a human embryo?\nU. A single cell becomes many cells.\nC. Each cell has a different function.\nX. Many cells combine to form one cell.\nS. All the cells have the same function.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the development of a human embryo?", "choices": {"text": ["All the cells have the same function.", "Each cell has a different function.", "Many cells combine to form one cell.", "A single cell becomes many cells."], "label": ["U", "C", "X", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the development of a human embryo?\nU. All the cells have the same function.\nC. Each cell has a different function.\nX. Many cells combine to form one cell.\nS. A single cell becomes many cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3105}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7267540", "question": "Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a flood", "a tornado", "a hurricane", "an earthquake"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?\nA. a flood\nB. a tornado\nC. a hurricane\nD. an earthquake\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a flood", "an earthquake", "a hurricane", "a tornado"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?\nA. a flood\nB. an earthquake\nC. a hurricane\nD. a tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a flood", "a tornado", "a hurricane", "an earthquake"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?\n1. a flood\n2. a tornado\n3. a hurricane\n4. an earthquake\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a flood", "a tornado", "a hurricane", "an earthquake"], "label": ["L", "B", "R", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?\nL. a flood\nB. a tornado\nR. a hurricane\nM. an earthquake\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a flood", "an earthquake", "a hurricane", "a tornado"], "label": ["L", "B", "R", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?\nL. a flood\nB. an earthquake\nR. a hurricane\nM. a tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3106}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406684", "question": "The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?", "choices": {"text": ["molting", "migration", "photosynthesis", "metamorphosis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?\nA. molting\nB. migration\nC. photosynthesis\nD. metamorphosis\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphosis", "migration", "molting", "photosynthesis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?\nA. metamorphosis\nB. migration\nC. molting\nD. photosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?", "choices": {"text": ["molting", "migration", "photosynthesis", "metamorphosis"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?\n1. molting\n2. migration\n3. photosynthesis\n4. metamorphosis\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?", "choices": {"text": ["molting", "migration", "photosynthesis", "metamorphosis"], "label": ["R", "Q", "I", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?\nR. molting\nQ. migration\nI. photosynthesis\nC. metamorphosis\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphosis", "migration", "molting", "photosynthesis"], "label": ["R", "Q", "I", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of a beetle is similar to the butterfly. Which process changes the beetle from larva to adult?\nR. metamorphosis\nQ. migration\nI. molting\nC. photosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3107}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401771", "question": "Which adaptation helps a bird fly?", "choices": {"text": ["larger feet", "bigger eyes", "longer beaks", "hollow bones"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which adaptation helps a bird fly?\nA. larger feet\nB. bigger eyes\nC. longer beaks\nD. hollow bones\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which adaptation helps a bird fly?", "choices": {"text": ["hollow bones", "longer beaks", "bigger eyes", "larger feet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which adaptation helps a bird fly?\nA. hollow bones\nB. longer beaks\nC. bigger eyes\nD. larger feet\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which adaptation helps a bird fly?", "choices": {"text": ["larger feet", "bigger eyes", "longer beaks", "hollow bones"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which adaptation helps a bird fly?\n1. larger feet\n2. bigger eyes\n3. longer beaks\n4. hollow bones\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which adaptation helps a bird fly?", "choices": {"text": ["larger feet", "bigger eyes", "longer beaks", "hollow bones"], "label": ["A", "E", "F", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which adaptation helps a bird fly?\nA. larger feet\nE. bigger eyes\nF. longer beaks\nQ. hollow bones\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which adaptation helps a bird fly?", "choices": {"text": ["hollow bones", "longer beaks", "bigger eyes", "larger feet"], "label": ["A", "E", "F", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which adaptation helps a bird fly?\nA. hollow bones\nE. longer beaks\nF. bigger eyes\nQ. larger feet\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3108}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7228690", "question": "Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?", "choices": {"text": ["rate of genetic mutations", "survival benefit of specific genes", "pressure of selection on base pairs", "number of bases in species' genomes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?\nA. rate of genetic mutations\nB. survival benefit of specific genes\nC. pressure of selection on base pairs\nD. number of bases in species' genomes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?", "choices": {"text": ["survival benefit of specific genes", "rate of genetic mutations", "pressure of selection on base pairs", "number of bases in species' genomes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?\nA. survival benefit of specific genes\nB. rate of genetic mutations\nC. pressure of selection on base pairs\nD. number of bases in species' genomes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?", "choices": {"text": ["rate of genetic mutations", "survival benefit of specific genes", "pressure of selection on base pairs", "number of bases in species' genomes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?\n1. rate of genetic mutations\n2. survival benefit of specific genes\n3. pressure of selection on base pairs\n4. number of bases in species' genomes\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?", "choices": {"text": ["rate of genetic mutations", "survival benefit of specific genes", "pressure of selection on base pairs", "number of bases in species' genomes"], "label": ["F", "B", "E", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?\nF. rate of genetic mutations\nB. survival benefit of specific genes\nE. pressure of selection on base pairs\nI. number of bases in species' genomes\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?", "choices": {"text": ["survival benefit of specific genes", "rate of genetic mutations", "pressure of selection on base pairs", "number of bases in species' genomes"], "label": ["F", "B", "E", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists are able to correlate time and the amount of difference between homologous genes when studying the divergence of two species because scientists have reliable estimates for which value?\nF. survival benefit of specific genes\nB. rate of genetic mutations\nE. pressure of selection on base pairs\nI. number of bases in species' genomes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3109}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7216720", "question": "Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["budding", "regeneration", "pollination", "fragmentation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?\nA. budding\nB. regeneration\nC. pollination\nD. fragmentation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["fragmentation", "budding", "regeneration", "pollination"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?\nA. fragmentation\nB. budding\nC. regeneration\nD. pollination\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["budding", "regeneration", "pollination", "fragmentation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?\n1. budding\n2. regeneration\n3. pollination\n4. fragmentation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["budding", "regeneration", "pollination", "fragmentation"], "label": ["P", "D", "Y", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?\nP. budding\nD. regeneration\nY. pollination\nA. fragmentation\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["fragmentation", "budding", "regeneration", "pollination"], "label": ["P", "D", "Y", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a part of the process of sexual reproduction?\nP. fragmentation\nD. budding\nY. regeneration\nA. pollination\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3110}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7057785", "question": "Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?", "choices": {"text": ["The infected animals do not show symptoms.", "The person in direct contact is the only one infected.", "Humans do not become sick from animal diseases.", "The diseases are treatable with antibiotics."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?\nA. The infected animals do not show symptoms.\nB. The person in direct contact is the only one infected.\nC. Humans do not become sick from animal diseases.\nD. The diseases are treatable with antibiotics.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?", "choices": {"text": ["The person in direct contact is the only one infected.", "The diseases are treatable with antibiotics.", "The infected animals do not show symptoms.", "Humans do not become sick from animal diseases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?\nA. The person in direct contact is the only one infected.\nB. The diseases are treatable with antibiotics.\nC. The infected animals do not show symptoms.\nD. Humans do not become sick from animal diseases.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?", "choices": {"text": ["The infected animals do not show symptoms.", "The person in direct contact is the only one infected.", "Humans do not become sick from animal diseases.", "The diseases are treatable with antibiotics."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?\n1. The infected animals do not show symptoms.\n2. The person in direct contact is the only one infected.\n3. Humans do not become sick from animal diseases.\n4. The diseases are treatable with antibiotics.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?", "choices": {"text": ["The infected animals do not show symptoms.", "The person in direct contact is the only one infected.", "Humans do not become sick from animal diseases.", "The diseases are treatable with antibiotics."], "label": ["C", "P", "Z", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?\nC. The infected animals do not show symptoms.\nP. The person in direct contact is the only one infected.\nZ. Humans do not become sick from animal diseases.\nK. The diseases are treatable with antibiotics.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?", "choices": {"text": ["The person in direct contact is the only one infected.", "The diseases are treatable with antibiotics.", "The infected animals do not show symptoms.", "Humans do not become sick from animal diseases."], "label": ["C", "P", "Z", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?\nC. The person in direct contact is the only one infected.\nP. The diseases are treatable with antibiotics.\nZ. The infected animals do not show symptoms.\nK. Humans do not become sick from animal diseases.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3111}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7236495", "question": "Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen and argon", "hydrogen and helium", "carbon dioxide and nitrogen", "sulfur dioxide and water vapor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?\nA. oxygen and argon\nB. hydrogen and helium\nC. carbon dioxide and nitrogen\nD. sulfur dioxide and water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide and nitrogen", "sulfur dioxide and water vapor", "oxygen and argon", "hydrogen and helium"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?\nA. carbon dioxide and nitrogen\nB. sulfur dioxide and water vapor\nC. oxygen and argon\nD. hydrogen and helium\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen and argon", "hydrogen and helium", "carbon dioxide and nitrogen", "sulfur dioxide and water vapor"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?\n1. oxygen and argon\n2. hydrogen and helium\n3. carbon dioxide and nitrogen\n4. sulfur dioxide and water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen and argon", "hydrogen and helium", "carbon dioxide and nitrogen", "sulfur dioxide and water vapor"], "label": ["A", "O", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?\nA. oxygen and argon\nO. hydrogen and helium\nN. carbon dioxide and nitrogen\nJ. sulfur dioxide and water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide and nitrogen", "sulfur dioxide and water vapor", "oxygen and argon", "hydrogen and helium"], "label": ["A", "O", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of which two gases?\nA. carbon dioxide and nitrogen\nO. sulfur dioxide and water vapor\nN. oxygen and argon\nJ. hydrogen and helium\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3112}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_9", "question": "Which human body systems work directly together to allow locomotion?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory, excretory, and respiratory", "circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive", "skeletal, muscular, and nervous", "skeletal, digestive, and respiratory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems work directly together to allow locomotion?\nA. circulatory, excretory, and respiratory\nB. circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive\nC. skeletal, muscular, and nervous\nD. skeletal, digestive, and respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems work directly together to allow locomotion?", "choices": {"text": ["skeletal, digestive, and respiratory", "circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive", "circulatory, excretory, and respiratory", "skeletal, muscular, and nervous"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems work directly together to allow locomotion?\nA. skeletal, digestive, and respiratory\nB. circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive\nC. circulatory, excretory, and respiratory\nD. skeletal, muscular, and nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems work directly together to allow locomotion?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory, excretory, and respiratory", "circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive", "skeletal, muscular, and nervous", "skeletal, digestive, and respiratory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems work directly together to allow locomotion?\n1. circulatory, excretory, and respiratory\n2. circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive\n3. skeletal, muscular, and nervous\n4. skeletal, digestive, and respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems work directly together to allow locomotion?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory, excretory, and respiratory", "circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive", "skeletal, muscular, and nervous", "skeletal, digestive, and respiratory"], "label": ["F", "O", "Q", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems work directly together to allow locomotion?\nF. circulatory, excretory, and respiratory\nO. circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive\nQ. skeletal, muscular, and nervous\nY. skeletal, digestive, and respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems work directly together to allow locomotion?", "choices": {"text": ["skeletal, digestive, and respiratory", "circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive", "circulatory, excretory, and respiratory", "skeletal, muscular, and nervous"], "label": ["F", "O", "Q", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems work directly together to allow locomotion?\nF. skeletal, digestive, and respiratory\nO. circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive\nQ. circulatory, excretory, and respiratory\nY. skeletal, muscular, and nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3113}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_8_24", "question": "Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?", "choices": {"text": ["the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide", "earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another", "cases where a species exists in only one isolated place", "fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?\nA. the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide\nB. earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another\nC. cases where a species exists in only one isolated place\nD. fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?", "choices": {"text": ["cases where a species exists in only one isolated place", "fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents", "earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another", "the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?\nA. cases where a species exists in only one isolated place\nB. fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents\nC. earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another\nD. the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?", "choices": {"text": ["the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide", "earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another", "cases where a species exists in only one isolated place", "fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?\n1. the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide\n2. earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another\n3. cases where a species exists in only one isolated place\n4. fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?", "choices": {"text": ["the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide", "earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another", "cases where a species exists in only one isolated place", "fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents"], "label": ["D", "F", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?\nD. the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide\nF. earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another\nP. cases where a species exists in only one isolated place\nT. fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?", "choices": {"text": ["cases where a species exists in only one isolated place", "fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents", "earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another", "the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide"], "label": ["D", "F", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best evidence for the theory of continental drift?\nD. cases where a species exists in only one isolated place\nF. fossils of the same species found on widely separated continents\nP. earthquakes at boundaries where one plate slides past another\nT. the appearance of volcanoes at the boundaries where plates collide\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3114}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400298", "question": "Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not", "choices": {"text": ["explore alone.", "listen to instructions.", "take notes.", "bring water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not\nA. explore alone.\nB. listen to instructions.\nC. take notes.\nD. bring water.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not", "choices": {"text": ["listen to instructions.", "explore alone.", "take notes.", "bring water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not\nA. listen to instructions.\nB. explore alone.\nC. take notes.\nD. bring water.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not", "choices": {"text": ["explore alone.", "listen to instructions.", "take notes.", "bring water."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not\n1. explore alone.\n2. listen to instructions.\n3. take notes.\n4. bring water.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not", "choices": {"text": ["explore alone.", "listen to instructions.", "take notes.", "bring water."], "label": ["L", "N", "F", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not\nL. explore alone.\nN. listen to instructions.\nF. take notes.\nJ. bring water.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not", "choices": {"text": ["listen to instructions.", "explore alone.", "take notes.", "bring water."], "label": ["L", "N", "F", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students go on a field trip to observe salmon spawning in a river. For safety reasons, the students should not\nL. listen to instructions.\nN. explore alone.\nF. take notes.\nJ. bring water.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3115}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026425", "question": "Which of the following involves a learned behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["laying eggs to reproduce", "having hollow, light-weight bones", "avoiding insects that taste bad", "having white feathers on the throat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following involves a learned behavior?\nA. laying eggs to reproduce\nB. having hollow, light-weight bones\nC. avoiding insects that taste bad\nD. having white feathers on the throat\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following involves a learned behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["having hollow, light-weight bones", "avoiding insects that taste bad", "having white feathers on the throat", "laying eggs to reproduce"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following involves a learned behavior?\nA. having hollow, light-weight bones\nB. avoiding insects that taste bad\nC. having white feathers on the throat\nD. laying eggs to reproduce\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following involves a learned behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["laying eggs to reproduce", "having hollow, light-weight bones", "avoiding insects that taste bad", "having white feathers on the throat"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following involves a learned behavior?\n1. laying eggs to reproduce\n2. having hollow, light-weight bones\n3. avoiding insects that taste bad\n4. having white feathers on the throat\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following involves a learned behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["laying eggs to reproduce", "having hollow, light-weight bones", "avoiding insects that taste bad", "having white feathers on the throat"], "label": ["S", "N", "V", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following involves a learned behavior?\nS. laying eggs to reproduce\nN. having hollow, light-weight bones\nV. avoiding insects that taste bad\nQ. having white feathers on the throat\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following involves a learned behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["having hollow, light-weight bones", "avoiding insects that taste bad", "having white feathers on the throat", "laying eggs to reproduce"], "label": ["S", "N", "V", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following involves a learned behavior?\nS. having hollow, light-weight bones\nN. avoiding insects that taste bad\nV. having white feathers on the throat\nQ. laying eggs to reproduce\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3116}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_9_13-v1", "question": "Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "blue", "green", "orange"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?\nA. red\nB. blue\nC. green\nD. orange\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?", "choices": {"text": ["green", "orange", "blue", "red"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?\nA. green\nB. orange\nC. blue\nD. red\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "blue", "green", "orange"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?\n1. red\n2. blue\n3. green\n4. orange\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "blue", "green", "orange"], "label": ["U", "T", "Y", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?\nU. red\nT. blue\nY. green\nG. orange\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?", "choices": {"text": ["green", "orange", "blue", "red"], "label": ["U", "T", "Y", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following colors of visible light has the longest wavelength?\nU. green\nT. orange\nY. blue\nG. red\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3117}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402084", "question": "Which is an example of a form of electrical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["lightning", "windmill", "radio waves", "sound waves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a form of electrical energy?\nA. lightning\nB. windmill\nC. radio waves\nD. sound waves\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a form of electrical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["radio waves", "windmill", "lightning", "sound waves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a form of electrical energy?\nA. radio waves\nB. windmill\nC. lightning\nD. sound waves\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a form of electrical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["lightning", "windmill", "radio waves", "sound waves"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a form of electrical energy?\n1. lightning\n2. windmill\n3. radio waves\n4. sound waves\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a form of electrical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["lightning", "windmill", "radio waves", "sound waves"], "label": ["S", "K", "R", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a form of electrical energy?\nS. lightning\nK. windmill\nR. radio waves\nM. sound waves\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a form of electrical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["radio waves", "windmill", "lightning", "sound waves"], "label": ["S", "K", "R", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a form of electrical energy?\nS. radio waves\nK. windmill\nR. lightning\nM. sound waves\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3118}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405595", "question": "Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest?", "choices": {"text": ["light-year, astronomical unit, kilometer, angstrom", "angstrom, kilometer, astronomical unit, light-year", "astronomical unit, angstrom, kilometer, light-year", "kilometer, angstrom, light-year, astronomical unit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest?\nA. light-year, astronomical unit, kilometer, angstrom\nB. angstrom, kilometer, astronomical unit, light-year\nC. astronomical unit, angstrom, kilometer, light-year\nD. kilometer, angstrom, light-year, astronomical unit\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest?", "choices": {"text": ["light-year, astronomical unit, kilometer, angstrom", "kilometer, angstrom, light-year, astronomical unit", "angstrom, kilometer, astronomical unit, light-year", "astronomical unit, angstrom, kilometer, light-year"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest?\nA. light-year, astronomical unit, kilometer, angstrom\nB. kilometer, angstrom, light-year, astronomical unit\nC. angstrom, kilometer, astronomical unit, light-year\nD. astronomical unit, angstrom, kilometer, light-year\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest?", "choices": {"text": ["light-year, astronomical unit, kilometer, angstrom", "angstrom, kilometer, astronomical unit, light-year", "astronomical unit, angstrom, kilometer, light-year", "kilometer, angstrom, light-year, astronomical unit"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest?\n1. light-year, astronomical unit, kilometer, angstrom\n2. angstrom, kilometer, astronomical unit, light-year\n3. astronomical unit, angstrom, kilometer, light-year\n4. kilometer, angstrom, light-year, astronomical unit\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest?", "choices": {"text": ["light-year, astronomical unit, kilometer, angstrom", "angstrom, kilometer, astronomical unit, light-year", "astronomical unit, angstrom, kilometer, light-year", "kilometer, angstrom, light-year, astronomical unit"], "label": ["L", "M", "F", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest?\nL. light-year, astronomical unit, kilometer, angstrom\nM. angstrom, kilometer, astronomical unit, light-year\nF. astronomical unit, angstrom, kilometer, light-year\nU. kilometer, angstrom, light-year, astronomical unit\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest?", "choices": {"text": ["light-year, astronomical unit, kilometer, angstrom", "kilometer, angstrom, light-year, astronomical unit", "angstrom, kilometer, astronomical unit, light-year", "astronomical unit, angstrom, kilometer, light-year"], "label": ["L", "M", "F", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following lists units of length from smallest to largest?\nL. light-year, astronomical unit, kilometer, angstrom\nM. kilometer, angstrom, light-year, astronomical unit\nF. angstrom, kilometer, astronomical unit, light-year\nU. astronomical unit, angstrom, kilometer, light-year\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3119}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2013_8_2", "question": "Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The mantle lies below the core.", "The mantle is composed of hot gases.", "The mantle lies between the core and the crust.", "The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?\nA. The mantle lies below the core.\nB. The mantle is composed of hot gases.\nC. The mantle lies between the core and the crust.\nD. The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature.", "The mantle lies below the core.", "The mantle is composed of hot gases.", "The mantle lies between the core and the crust."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?\nA. The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature.\nB. The mantle lies below the core.\nC. The mantle is composed of hot gases.\nD. The mantle lies between the core and the crust.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The mantle lies below the core.", "The mantle is composed of hot gases.", "The mantle lies between the core and the crust.", "The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?\n1. The mantle lies below the core.\n2. The mantle is composed of hot gases.\n3. The mantle lies between the core and the crust.\n4. The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The mantle lies below the core.", "The mantle is composed of hot gases.", "The mantle lies between the core and the crust.", "The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature."], "label": ["M", "P", "B", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?\nM. The mantle lies below the core.\nP. The mantle is composed of hot gases.\nB. The mantle lies between the core and the crust.\nE. The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature.", "The mantle lies below the core.", "The mantle is composed of hot gases.", "The mantle lies between the core and the crust."], "label": ["M", "P", "B", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Each layer of Earth has different properties. Which statement best describes the mantle of Earth?\nM. The mantle temperature is lower than the crust temperature.\nP. The mantle lies below the core.\nB. The mantle is composed of hot gases.\nE. The mantle lies between the core and the crust.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3120}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7213868", "question": "Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["binary fission", "budding", "fusing gametes", "fragmentation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction?\nA. binary fission\nB. budding\nC. fusing gametes\nD. fragmentation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["fragmentation", "fusing gametes", "binary fission", "budding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction?\nA. fragmentation\nB. fusing gametes\nC. binary fission\nD. budding\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["binary fission", "budding", "fusing gametes", "fragmentation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction?\n1. binary fission\n2. budding\n3. fusing gametes\n4. fragmentation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["binary fission", "budding", "fusing gametes", "fragmentation"], "label": ["J", "Z", "A", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction?\nJ. binary fission\nZ. budding\nA. fusing gametes\nB. fragmentation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["fragmentation", "fusing gametes", "binary fission", "budding"], "label": ["J", "Z", "A", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best example of sexual reproduction?\nJ. fragmentation\nZ. fusing gametes\nA. binary fission\nB. budding\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3121}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416375", "question": "Which of these events during a storm at sea can add oxygen from the atmosphere to ocean water?", "choices": {"text": ["high winds", "lightning", "pressure change", "temperature change"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these events during a storm at sea can add oxygen from the atmosphere to ocean water?\nA. high winds\nB. lightning\nC. pressure change\nD. temperature change\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these events during a storm at sea can add oxygen from the atmosphere to ocean water?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature change", "high winds", "pressure change", "lightning"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these events during a storm at sea can add oxygen from the atmosphere to ocean water?\nA. temperature change\nB. high winds\nC. pressure change\nD. lightning\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these events during a storm at sea can add oxygen from the atmosphere to ocean water?", "choices": {"text": ["high winds", "lightning", "pressure change", "temperature change"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these events during a storm at sea can add oxygen from the atmosphere to ocean water?\n1. high winds\n2. lightning\n3. pressure change\n4. temperature change\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these events during a storm at sea can add oxygen from the atmosphere to ocean water?", "choices": {"text": ["high winds", "lightning", "pressure change", "temperature change"], "label": ["D", "L", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these events during a storm at sea can add oxygen from the atmosphere to ocean water?\nD. high winds\nL. lightning\nM. pressure change\nX. temperature change\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these events during a storm at sea can add oxygen from the atmosphere to ocean water?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature change", "high winds", "pressure change", "lightning"], "label": ["D", "L", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these events during a storm at sea can add oxygen from the atmosphere to ocean water?\nD. temperature change\nL. high winds\nM. pressure change\nX. lightning\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3122}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2011_5_34", "question": "Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?", "choices": {"text": ["Inner core", "Crust", "Outer core", "Mantle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?\nA. Inner core\nB. Crust\nC. Outer core\nD. Mantle\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?", "choices": {"text": ["Crust", "Outer core", "Mantle", "Inner core"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?\nA. Crust\nB. Outer core\nC. Mantle\nD. Inner core\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?", "choices": {"text": ["Inner core", "Crust", "Outer core", "Mantle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?\n1. Inner core\n2. Crust\n3. Outer core\n4. Mantle\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?", "choices": {"text": ["Inner core", "Crust", "Outer core", "Mantle"], "label": ["I", "S", "J", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?\nI. Inner core\nS. Crust\nJ. Outer core\nG. Mantle\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?", "choices": {"text": ["Crust", "Outer core", "Mantle", "Inner core"], "label": ["I", "S", "J", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?\nI. Crust\nS. Outer core\nJ. Mantle\nG. Inner core\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3123}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_411731", "question": "Based on the Periodic Table of the Elements, which of these elements has properties most similar to calcium (Ca)?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon [C]", "barium [Ba]", "sodium [Na]", "manganese [Mn]"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Based on the Periodic Table of the Elements, which of these elements has properties most similar to calcium (Ca)?\nA. carbon [C]\nB. barium [Ba]\nC. sodium [Na]\nD. manganese [Mn]\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Based on the Periodic Table of the Elements, which of these elements has properties most similar to calcium (Ca)?", "choices": {"text": ["barium [Ba]", "carbon [C]", "sodium [Na]", "manganese [Mn]"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Based on the Periodic Table of the Elements, which of these elements has properties most similar to calcium (Ca)?\nA. barium [Ba]\nB. carbon [C]\nC. sodium [Na]\nD. manganese [Mn]\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Based on the Periodic Table of the Elements, which of these elements has properties most similar to calcium (Ca)?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon [C]", "barium [Ba]", "sodium [Na]", "manganese [Mn]"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Based on the Periodic Table of the Elements, which of these elements has properties most similar to calcium (Ca)?\n1. carbon [C]\n2. barium [Ba]\n3. sodium [Na]\n4. manganese [Mn]\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Based on the Periodic Table of the Elements, which of these elements has properties most similar to calcium (Ca)?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon [C]", "barium [Ba]", "sodium [Na]", "manganese [Mn]"], "label": ["U", "T", "R", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Based on the Periodic Table of the Elements, which of these elements has properties most similar to calcium (Ca)?\nU. carbon [C]\nT. barium [Ba]\nR. sodium [Na]\nC. manganese [Mn]\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Based on the Periodic Table of the Elements, which of these elements has properties most similar to calcium (Ca)?", "choices": {"text": ["barium [Ba]", "carbon [C]", "sodium [Na]", "manganese [Mn]"], "label": ["U", "T", "R", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Based on the Periodic Table of the Elements, which of these elements has properties most similar to calcium (Ca)?\nU. barium [Ba]\nT. carbon [C]\nR. sodium [Na]\nC. manganese [Mn]\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3124}
{"arc_id": "TAKS_2009_8_24", "question": "As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?", "choices": {"text": ["Cave", "Mountain", "Delta", "Valley"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?\nA. Cave\nB. Mountain\nC. Delta\nD. Valley\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?", "choices": {"text": ["Cave", "Valley", "Mountain", "Delta"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?\nA. Cave\nB. Valley\nC. Mountain\nD. Delta\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?", "choices": {"text": ["Cave", "Mountain", "Delta", "Valley"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?\n1. Cave\n2. Mountain\n3. Delta\n4. Valley\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?", "choices": {"text": ["Cave", "Mountain", "Delta", "Valley"], "label": ["D", "M", "N", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?\nD. Cave\nM. Mountain\nN. Delta\nL. Valley\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?", "choices": {"text": ["Cave", "Valley", "Mountain", "Delta"], "label": ["D", "M", "N", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a river enters a larger body of water, sediments are deposited over a wide area. Which of these landforms is likely to be formed at the site of deposition?\nD. Cave\nM. Valley\nN. Mountain\nL. Delta\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3125}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7018060", "question": "Which of these is a chemical property of a material?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "flammability", "color", "brittleness"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a chemical property of a material?\nA. density\nB. flammability\nC. color\nD. brittleness\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a chemical property of a material?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "color", "brittleness", "flammability"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a chemical property of a material?\nA. density\nB. color\nC. brittleness\nD. flammability\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a chemical property of a material?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "flammability", "color", "brittleness"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a chemical property of a material?\n1. density\n2. flammability\n3. color\n4. brittleness\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a chemical property of a material?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "flammability", "color", "brittleness"], "label": ["E", "T", "D", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a chemical property of a material?\nE. density\nT. flammability\nD. color\nA. brittleness\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a chemical property of a material?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "color", "brittleness", "flammability"], "label": ["E", "T", "D", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a chemical property of a material?\nE. density\nT. color\nD. brittleness\nA. flammability\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3126}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402044", "question": "About how long is a lunar cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["1 day", "1 week", "28 days", "52 weeks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long is a lunar cycle?\nA. 1 day\nB. 1 week\nC. 28 days\nD. 52 weeks\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long is a lunar cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["1 day", "52 weeks", "1 week", "28 days"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long is a lunar cycle?\nA. 1 day\nB. 52 weeks\nC. 1 week\nD. 28 days\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long is a lunar cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["1 day", "1 week", "28 days", "52 weeks"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long is a lunar cycle?\n1. 1 day\n2. 1 week\n3. 28 days\n4. 52 weeks\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long is a lunar cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["1 day", "1 week", "28 days", "52 weeks"], "label": ["F", "B", "H", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long is a lunar cycle?\nF. 1 day\nB. 1 week\nH. 28 days\nU. 52 weeks\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long is a lunar cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["1 day", "52 weeks", "1 week", "28 days"], "label": ["F", "B", "H", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long is a lunar cycle?\nF. 1 day\nB. 52 weeks\nH. 1 week\nU. 28 days\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3127}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_178938", "question": "Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?", "choices": {"text": ["bone", "muscle", "nerve", "skin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?\nA. bone\nB. muscle\nC. nerve\nD. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?", "choices": {"text": ["skin", "bone", "muscle", "nerve"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?\nA. skin\nB. bone\nC. muscle\nD. nerve\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?", "choices": {"text": ["bone", "muscle", "nerve", "skin"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?\n1. bone\n2. muscle\n3. nerve\n4. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?", "choices": {"text": ["bone", "muscle", "nerve", "skin"], "label": ["Y", "D", "U", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?\nY. bone\nD. muscle\nU. nerve\nP. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?", "choices": {"text": ["skin", "bone", "muscle", "nerve"], "label": ["Y", "D", "U", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Of the following types of cells, which has the highest concentration of mitochondria?\nY. skin\nD. bone\nU. muscle\nP. nerve\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3128}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416166", "question": "What helps skin feel heat and pressure?", "choices": {"text": ["muscle cells", "blood cells", "nerve cells", "bone cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What helps skin feel heat and pressure?\nA. muscle cells\nB. blood cells\nC. nerve cells\nD. bone cells\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What helps skin feel heat and pressure?", "choices": {"text": ["blood cells", "bone cells", "muscle cells", "nerve cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What helps skin feel heat and pressure?\nA. blood cells\nB. bone cells\nC. muscle cells\nD. nerve cells\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What helps skin feel heat and pressure?", "choices": {"text": ["muscle cells", "blood cells", "nerve cells", "bone cells"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What helps skin feel heat and pressure?\n1. muscle cells\n2. blood cells\n3. nerve cells\n4. bone cells\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What helps skin feel heat and pressure?", "choices": {"text": ["muscle cells", "blood cells", "nerve cells", "bone cells"], "label": ["Y", "A", "J", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What helps skin feel heat and pressure?\nY. muscle cells\nA. blood cells\nJ. nerve cells\nH. bone cells\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What helps skin feel heat and pressure?", "choices": {"text": ["blood cells", "bone cells", "muscle cells", "nerve cells"], "label": ["Y", "A", "J", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What helps skin feel heat and pressure?\nY. blood cells\nA. bone cells\nJ. muscle cells\nH. nerve cells\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3129}
{"arc_id": "FCAT_2008_5_7", "question": "Erosion and weathering can both cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which of the following happens only because of erosion and NOT because of weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks form deep underground.", "Rocks become smooth and round.", "Rocks are broken apart into small pieces.", "Rocks are moved from one place to another."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Erosion and weathering can both cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which of the following happens only because of erosion and NOT because of weathering?\nA. Rocks form deep underground.\nB. Rocks become smooth and round.\nC. Rocks are broken apart into small pieces.\nD. Rocks are moved from one place to another.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Erosion and weathering can both cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which of the following happens only because of erosion and NOT because of weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks are moved from one place to another.", "Rocks are broken apart into small pieces.", "Rocks form deep underground.", "Rocks become smooth and round."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Erosion and weathering can both cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which of the following happens only because of erosion and NOT because of weathering?\nA. Rocks are moved from one place to another.\nB. Rocks are broken apart into small pieces.\nC. Rocks form deep underground.\nD. Rocks become smooth and round.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Erosion and weathering can both cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which of the following happens only because of erosion and NOT because of weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks form deep underground.", "Rocks become smooth and round.", "Rocks are broken apart into small pieces.", "Rocks are moved from one place to another."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Erosion and weathering can both cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which of the following happens only because of erosion and NOT because of weathering?\n1. Rocks form deep underground.\n2. Rocks become smooth and round.\n3. Rocks are broken apart into small pieces.\n4. Rocks are moved from one place to another.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Erosion and weathering can both cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which of the following happens only because of erosion and NOT because of weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks form deep underground.", "Rocks become smooth and round.", "Rocks are broken apart into small pieces.", "Rocks are moved from one place to another."], "label": ["K", "W", "L", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Erosion and weathering can both cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which of the following happens only because of erosion and NOT because of weathering?\nK. Rocks form deep underground.\nW. Rocks become smooth and round.\nL. Rocks are broken apart into small pieces.\nY. Rocks are moved from one place to another.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Erosion and weathering can both cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which of the following happens only because of erosion and NOT because of weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks are moved from one place to another.", "Rocks are broken apart into small pieces.", "Rocks form deep underground.", "Rocks become smooth and round."], "label": ["K", "W", "L", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Erosion and weathering can both cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which of the following happens only because of erosion and NOT because of weathering?\nK. Rocks are moved from one place to another.\nW. Rocks are broken apart into small pieces.\nL. Rocks form deep underground.\nY. Rocks become smooth and round.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3130}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2013_7_15", "question": "Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?", "choices": {"text": ["prevents mutation", "maintains genetic diversity", "reduces the number of genes", "creates competition between siblings"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?\nA. prevents mutation\nB. maintains genetic diversity\nC. reduces the number of genes\nD. creates competition between siblings\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?", "choices": {"text": ["maintains genetic diversity", "reduces the number of genes", "creates competition between siblings", "prevents mutation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?\nA. maintains genetic diversity\nB. reduces the number of genes\nC. creates competition between siblings\nD. prevents mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?", "choices": {"text": ["prevents mutation", "maintains genetic diversity", "reduces the number of genes", "creates competition between siblings"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?\n1. prevents mutation\n2. maintains genetic diversity\n3. reduces the number of genes\n4. creates competition between siblings\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?", "choices": {"text": ["prevents mutation", "maintains genetic diversity", "reduces the number of genes", "creates competition between siblings"], "label": ["D", "Q", "X", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?\nD. prevents mutation\nQ. maintains genetic diversity\nX. reduces the number of genes\nJ. creates competition between siblings\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?", "choices": {"text": ["maintains genetic diversity", "reduces the number of genes", "creates competition between siblings", "prevents mutation"], "label": ["D", "Q", "X", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction in the survival of a population?\nD. maintains genetic diversity\nQ. reduces the number of genes\nX. creates competition between siblings\nJ. prevents mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3131}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_8_2015_14", "question": "A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws. Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas?", "choices": {"text": ["The moth populations went extinct.", "The moth populations migrated south.", "The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.", "The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws. Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas?\nA. The moth populations went extinct.\nB. The moth populations migrated south.\nC. The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.\nD. The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws. Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas?", "choices": {"text": ["The moth populations migrated south.", "The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased.", "The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.", "The moth populations went extinct."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws. Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas?\nA. The moth populations migrated south.\nB. The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased.\nC. The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.\nD. The moth populations went extinct.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws. Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas?", "choices": {"text": ["The moth populations went extinct.", "The moth populations migrated south.", "The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.", "The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws. Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas?\n1. The moth populations went extinct.\n2. The moth populations migrated south.\n3. The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.\n4. The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws. Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas?", "choices": {"text": ["The moth populations went extinct.", "The moth populations migrated south.", "The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.", "The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased."], "label": ["O", "J", "T", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws. Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas?\nO. The moth populations went extinct.\nJ. The moth populations migrated south.\nT. The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.\nY. The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws. Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas?", "choices": {"text": ["The moth populations migrated south.", "The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased.", "The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.", "The moth populations went extinct."], "label": ["O", "J", "T", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws. Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas?\nO. The moth populations migrated south.\nJ. The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased.\nT. The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.\nY. The moth populations went extinct.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3132}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_5_32", "question": "Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical energy", "mechanical energy", "magnetic energy", "sound energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?\nA. electrical energy\nB. mechanical energy\nC. magnetic energy\nD. sound energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy", "magnetic energy", "electrical energy", "sound energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?\nA. mechanical energy\nB. magnetic energy\nC. electrical energy\nD. sound energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical energy", "mechanical energy", "magnetic energy", "sound energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?\n1. electrical energy\n2. mechanical energy\n3. magnetic energy\n4. sound energy\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical energy", "mechanical energy", "magnetic energy", "sound energy"], "label": ["P", "I", "C", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?\nP. electrical energy\nI. mechanical energy\nC. magnetic energy\nK. sound energy\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy", "magnetic energy", "electrical energy", "sound energy"], "label": ["P", "I", "C", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?\nP. mechanical energy\nI. magnetic energy\nC. electrical energy\nK. sound energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3133}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401214", "question": "People take in and release gases from the air when they breathe. Which exhaled gas is a waste product of respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "helium", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: People take in and release gases from the air when they breathe. Which exhaled gas is a waste product of respiration?\nA. oxygen\nB. helium\nC. hydrogen\nD. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "People take in and release gases from the air when they breathe. Which exhaled gas is a waste product of respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "helium", "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: People take in and release gases from the air when they breathe. Which exhaled gas is a waste product of respiration?\nA. oxygen\nB. helium\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. hydrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "People take in and release gases from the air when they breathe. Which exhaled gas is a waste product of respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "helium", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: People take in and release gases from the air when they breathe. Which exhaled gas is a waste product of respiration?\n1. oxygen\n2. helium\n3. hydrogen\n4. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "People take in and release gases from the air when they breathe. Which exhaled gas is a waste product of respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "helium", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["D", "H", "L", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: People take in and release gases from the air when they breathe. Which exhaled gas is a waste product of respiration?\nD. oxygen\nH. helium\nL. hydrogen\nU. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "People take in and release gases from the air when they breathe. Which exhaled gas is a waste product of respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "helium", "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen"], "label": ["D", "H", "L", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: People take in and release gases from the air when they breathe. Which exhaled gas is a waste product of respiration?\nD. oxygen\nH. helium\nL. carbon dioxide\nU. hydrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3134}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7074953", "question": "A unicellular organism is best described as being", "choices": {"text": ["a complex organism.", "a microorganism.", "an organism with specialized cells.", "an organism with different types of tissues."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A unicellular organism is best described as being\nA. a complex organism.\nB. a microorganism.\nC. an organism with specialized cells.\nD. an organism with different types of tissues.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A unicellular organism is best described as being", "choices": {"text": ["a microorganism.", "an organism with specialized cells.", "an organism with different types of tissues.", "a complex organism."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A unicellular organism is best described as being\nA. a microorganism.\nB. an organism with specialized cells.\nC. an organism with different types of tissues.\nD. a complex organism.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A unicellular organism is best described as being", "choices": {"text": ["a complex organism.", "a microorganism.", "an organism with specialized cells.", "an organism with different types of tissues."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A unicellular organism is best described as being\n1. a complex organism.\n2. a microorganism.\n3. an organism with specialized cells.\n4. an organism with different types of tissues.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A unicellular organism is best described as being", "choices": {"text": ["a complex organism.", "a microorganism.", "an organism with specialized cells.", "an organism with different types of tissues."], "label": ["H", "Z", "A", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A unicellular organism is best described as being\nH. a complex organism.\nZ. a microorganism.\nA. an organism with specialized cells.\nM. an organism with different types of tissues.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A unicellular organism is best described as being", "choices": {"text": ["a microorganism.", "an organism with specialized cells.", "an organism with different types of tissues.", "a complex organism."], "label": ["H", "Z", "A", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A unicellular organism is best described as being\nH. a microorganism.\nZ. an organism with specialized cells.\nA. an organism with different types of tissues.\nM. a complex organism.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3135}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2008_5_5632", "question": "Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["They change water into heat.", "They produce their own food.", "They make minerals for their roots.", "They break down nutrients into rocks."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?\nA. They change water into heat.\nB. They produce their own food.\nC. They make minerals for their roots.\nD. They break down nutrients into rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["They make minerals for their roots.", "They break down nutrients into rocks.", "They produce their own food.", "They change water into heat."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?\nA. They make minerals for their roots.\nB. They break down nutrients into rocks.\nC. They produce their own food.\nD. They change water into heat.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["They change water into heat.", "They produce their own food.", "They make minerals for their roots.", "They break down nutrients into rocks."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?\n1. They change water into heat.\n2. They produce their own food.\n3. They make minerals for their roots.\n4. They break down nutrients into rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["They change water into heat.", "They produce their own food.", "They make minerals for their roots.", "They break down nutrients into rocks."], "label": ["W", "R", "N", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?\nW. They change water into heat.\nR. They produce their own food.\nN. They make minerals for their roots.\nG. They break down nutrients into rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["They make minerals for their roots.", "They break down nutrients into rocks.", "They produce their own food.", "They change water into heat."], "label": ["W", "R", "N", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes how plants use the energy they receive from sunlight?\nW. They make minerals for their roots.\nR. They break down nutrients into rocks.\nN. They produce their own food.\nG. They change water into heat.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3136}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400556", "question": "What can be inferred from a food product advertisement that claims \"30% less fat than our leading competitors\"?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a sugar-free product.", "It will help a person lose weight.", "It is the healthiest choice available.", "The fat content of the item is reduced."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What can be inferred from a food product advertisement that claims \"30% less fat than our leading competitors\"?\nA. It is a sugar-free product.\nB. It will help a person lose weight.\nC. It is the healthiest choice available.\nD. The fat content of the item is reduced.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What can be inferred from a food product advertisement that claims \"30% less fat than our leading competitors\"?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a sugar-free product.", "It will help a person lose weight.", "The fat content of the item is reduced.", "It is the healthiest choice available."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What can be inferred from a food product advertisement that claims \"30% less fat than our leading competitors\"?\nA. It is a sugar-free product.\nB. It will help a person lose weight.\nC. The fat content of the item is reduced.\nD. It is the healthiest choice available.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What can be inferred from a food product advertisement that claims \"30% less fat than our leading competitors\"?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a sugar-free product.", "It will help a person lose weight.", "It is the healthiest choice available.", "The fat content of the item is reduced."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What can be inferred from a food product advertisement that claims \"30% less fat than our leading competitors\"?\n1. It is a sugar-free product.\n2. It will help a person lose weight.\n3. It is the healthiest choice available.\n4. The fat content of the item is reduced.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What can be inferred from a food product advertisement that claims \"30% less fat than our leading competitors\"?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a sugar-free product.", "It will help a person lose weight.", "It is the healthiest choice available.", "The fat content of the item is reduced."], "label": ["D", "H", "F", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: What can be inferred from a food product advertisement that claims \"30% less fat than our leading competitors\"?\nD. It is a sugar-free product.\nH. It will help a person lose weight.\nF. It is the healthiest choice available.\nI. The fat content of the item is reduced.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What can be inferred from a food product advertisement that claims \"30% less fat than our leading competitors\"?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a sugar-free product.", "It will help a person lose weight.", "The fat content of the item is reduced.", "It is the healthiest choice available."], "label": ["D", "H", "F", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: What can be inferred from a food product advertisement that claims \"30% less fat than our leading competitors\"?\nD. It is a sugar-free product.\nH. It will help a person lose weight.\nF. The fat content of the item is reduced.\nI. It is the healthiest choice available.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3137}
{"arc_id": "NAEP_2009_4_S11+1", "question": "Which material is the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["Wood", "Metal", "Stone", "Plastic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which material is the best conductor of electricity?\nA. Wood\nB. Metal\nC. Stone\nD. Plastic\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which material is the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["Plastic", "Wood", "Stone", "Metal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which material is the best conductor of electricity?\nA. Plastic\nB. Wood\nC. Stone\nD. Metal\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which material is the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["Wood", "Metal", "Stone", "Plastic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which material is the best conductor of electricity?\n1. Wood\n2. Metal\n3. Stone\n4. Plastic\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which material is the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["Wood", "Metal", "Stone", "Plastic"], "label": ["K", "U", "Z", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which material is the best conductor of electricity?\nK. Wood\nU. Metal\nZ. Stone\nS. Plastic\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which material is the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["Plastic", "Wood", "Stone", "Metal"], "label": ["K", "U", "Z", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which material is the best conductor of electricity?\nK. Plastic\nU. Wood\nZ. Stone\nS. Metal\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3138}
{"arc_id": "CSZ30263", "question": "A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will", "choices": {"text": ["flatten due to the forces.", "fall at a constant speed.", "continue to speed up.", "slow to a stop."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will\nA. flatten due to the forces.\nB. fall at a constant speed.\nC. continue to speed up.\nD. slow to a stop.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will", "choices": {"text": ["fall at a constant speed.", "flatten due to the forces.", "slow to a stop.", "continue to speed up."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will\nA. fall at a constant speed.\nB. flatten due to the forces.\nC. slow to a stop.\nD. continue to speed up.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will", "choices": {"text": ["flatten due to the forces.", "fall at a constant speed.", "continue to speed up.", "slow to a stop."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will\n1. flatten due to the forces.\n2. fall at a constant speed.\n3. continue to speed up.\n4. slow to a stop.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will", "choices": {"text": ["flatten due to the forces.", "fall at a constant speed.", "continue to speed up.", "slow to a stop."], "label": ["Q", "K", "L", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will\nQ. flatten due to the forces.\nK. fall at a constant speed.\nL. continue to speed up.\nJ. slow to a stop.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will", "choices": {"text": ["fall at a constant speed.", "flatten due to the forces.", "slow to a stop.", "continue to speed up."], "label": ["Q", "K", "L", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ball is dropped from the top of a tall building. As the ball falls, the upward force of air resistance becomes equal to the downward pull of gravity. When these two forces become equal in magnitude, the ball will\nQ. fall at a constant speed.\nK. flatten due to the forces.\nL. slow to a stop.\nJ. continue to speed up.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3139}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2014_8_2", "question": "Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.", "Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.", "Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight.", "Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?\nA. Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.\nB. Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.\nC. Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight.\nD. Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.", "Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds.", "Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.", "Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?\nA. Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.\nB. Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds.\nC. Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.\nD. Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.", "Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.", "Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight.", "Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?\n1. Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.\n2. Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.\n3. Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight.\n4. Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.", "Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.", "Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight.", "Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds."], "label": ["D", "H", "U", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?\nD. Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.\nH. Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.\nU. Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight.\nK. Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.", "Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds.", "Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.", "Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight."], "label": ["D", "H", "U", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere?\nD. Lava from an underwater volcano cools to form a mountain.\nH. Water vapor rises from the ocean to form clouds.\nU. Flowing water carves through rock to form a canyon.\nK. Ashes rise from a volcanic eruption to block sunlight.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3140}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_179200", "question": "Often organisms seem similar in their outward appearances. For example, a porpoise and a shark seem closely related, but they are not. Such similarity is the result of", "choices": {"text": ["convergent evolution.", "adaptive radiation.", "artificial selection.", "genetic equilibrium."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Often organisms seem similar in their outward appearances. For example, a porpoise and a shark seem closely related, but they are not. Such similarity is the result of\nA. convergent evolution.\nB. adaptive radiation.\nC. artificial selection.\nD. genetic equilibrium.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Often organisms seem similar in their outward appearances. For example, a porpoise and a shark seem closely related, but they are not. Such similarity is the result of", "choices": {"text": ["genetic equilibrium.", "adaptive radiation.", "convergent evolution.", "artificial selection."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Often organisms seem similar in their outward appearances. For example, a porpoise and a shark seem closely related, but they are not. Such similarity is the result of\nA. genetic equilibrium.\nB. adaptive radiation.\nC. convergent evolution.\nD. artificial selection.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Often organisms seem similar in their outward appearances. For example, a porpoise and a shark seem closely related, but they are not. Such similarity is the result of", "choices": {"text": ["convergent evolution.", "adaptive radiation.", "artificial selection.", "genetic equilibrium."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Often organisms seem similar in their outward appearances. For example, a porpoise and a shark seem closely related, but they are not. Such similarity is the result of\n1. convergent evolution.\n2. adaptive radiation.\n3. artificial selection.\n4. genetic equilibrium.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Often organisms seem similar in their outward appearances. For example, a porpoise and a shark seem closely related, but they are not. Such similarity is the result of", "choices": {"text": ["convergent evolution.", "adaptive radiation.", "artificial selection.", "genetic equilibrium."], "label": ["A", "S", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Often organisms seem similar in their outward appearances. For example, a porpoise and a shark seem closely related, but they are not. Such similarity is the result of\nA. convergent evolution.\nS. adaptive radiation.\nN. artificial selection.\nY. genetic equilibrium.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Often organisms seem similar in their outward appearances. For example, a porpoise and a shark seem closely related, but they are not. Such similarity is the result of", "choices": {"text": ["genetic equilibrium.", "adaptive radiation.", "convergent evolution.", "artificial selection."], "label": ["A", "S", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Often organisms seem similar in their outward appearances. For example, a porpoise and a shark seem closely related, but they are not. Such similarity is the result of\nA. genetic equilibrium.\nS. adaptive radiation.\nN. convergent evolution.\nY. artificial selection.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3141}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407706", "question": "A group of frogs live together near a small pond. The frogs compete with each other most for which resource?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "insects", "plants", "sunlight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of frogs live together near a small pond. The frogs compete with each other most for which resource?\nA. air\nB. insects\nC. plants\nD. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of frogs live together near a small pond. The frogs compete with each other most for which resource?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "sunlight", "plants", "insects"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of frogs live together near a small pond. The frogs compete with each other most for which resource?\nA. air\nB. sunlight\nC. plants\nD. insects\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of frogs live together near a small pond. The frogs compete with each other most for which resource?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "insects", "plants", "sunlight"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of frogs live together near a small pond. The frogs compete with each other most for which resource?\n1. air\n2. insects\n3. plants\n4. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of frogs live together near a small pond. The frogs compete with each other most for which resource?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "insects", "plants", "sunlight"], "label": ["H", "Q", "Y", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of frogs live together near a small pond. The frogs compete with each other most for which resource?\nH. air\nQ. insects\nY. plants\nD. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of frogs live together near a small pond. The frogs compete with each other most for which resource?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "sunlight", "plants", "insects"], "label": ["H", "Q", "Y", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of frogs live together near a small pond. The frogs compete with each other most for which resource?\nH. air\nQ. sunlight\nY. plants\nD. insects\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3142}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7090755", "question": "Which process converts organic nitrogen into an inorganic form that can be used by plants?", "choices": {"text": ["decomposition", "sedimentation", "absorption", "radiation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process converts organic nitrogen into an inorganic form that can be used by plants?\nA. decomposition\nB. sedimentation\nC. absorption\nD. radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process converts organic nitrogen into an inorganic form that can be used by plants?", "choices": {"text": ["absorption", "sedimentation", "radiation", "decomposition"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process converts organic nitrogen into an inorganic form that can be used by plants?\nA. absorption\nB. sedimentation\nC. radiation\nD. decomposition\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process converts organic nitrogen into an inorganic form that can be used by plants?", "choices": {"text": ["decomposition", "sedimentation", "absorption", "radiation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process converts organic nitrogen into an inorganic form that can be used by plants?\n1. decomposition\n2. sedimentation\n3. absorption\n4. radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process converts organic nitrogen into an inorganic form that can be used by plants?", "choices": {"text": ["decomposition", "sedimentation", "absorption", "radiation"], "label": ["M", "Q", "F", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process converts organic nitrogen into an inorganic form that can be used by plants?\nM. decomposition\nQ. sedimentation\nF. absorption\nC. radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process converts organic nitrogen into an inorganic form that can be used by plants?", "choices": {"text": ["absorption", "sedimentation", "radiation", "decomposition"], "label": ["M", "Q", "F", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process converts organic nitrogen into an inorganic form that can be used by plants?\nM. absorption\nQ. sedimentation\nF. radiation\nC. decomposition\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3143}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_406811", "question": "In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from", "choices": {"text": ["sperm.", "seeds.", "pollen.", "eggs."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from\nA. sperm.\nB. seeds.\nC. pollen.\nD. eggs.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from", "choices": {"text": ["sperm.", "seeds.", "eggs.", "pollen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from\nA. sperm.\nB. seeds.\nC. eggs.\nD. pollen.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from", "choices": {"text": ["sperm.", "seeds.", "pollen.", "eggs."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from\n1. sperm.\n2. seeds.\n3. pollen.\n4. eggs.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from", "choices": {"text": ["sperm.", "seeds.", "pollen.", "eggs."], "label": ["I", "W", "T", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from\nI. sperm.\nW. seeds.\nT. pollen.\nM. eggs.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from", "choices": {"text": ["sperm.", "seeds.", "eggs.", "pollen."], "label": ["I", "W", "T", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: In animals, female traits are passed down to offspring from\nI. sperm.\nW. seeds.\nT. eggs.\nM. pollen.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3144}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7082670", "question": "The visible light spectrum can be subdivided according to", "choices": {"text": ["the types of waves.", "the sizes of particles.", "a range of colors.", "a type of energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The visible light spectrum can be subdivided according to\nA. the types of waves.\nB. the sizes of particles.\nC. a range of colors.\nD. a type of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The visible light spectrum can be subdivided according to", "choices": {"text": ["the types of waves.", "a range of colors.", "a type of energy.", "the sizes of particles."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The visible light spectrum can be subdivided according to\nA. the types of waves.\nB. a range of colors.\nC. a type of energy.\nD. the sizes of particles.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The visible light spectrum can be subdivided according to", "choices": {"text": ["the types of waves.", "the sizes of particles.", "a range of colors.", "a type of energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The visible light spectrum can be subdivided according to\n1. the types of waves.\n2. the sizes of particles.\n3. a range of colors.\n4. a type of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The visible light spectrum can be subdivided according to", "choices": {"text": ["the types of waves.", "the sizes of particles.", "a range of colors.", "a type of energy."], "label": ["R", "Q", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The visible light spectrum can be subdivided according to\nR. the types of waves.\nQ. the sizes of particles.\nK. a range of colors.\nO. a type of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The visible light spectrum can be subdivided according to", "choices": {"text": ["the types of waves.", "a range of colors.", "a type of energy.", "the sizes of particles."], "label": ["R", "Q", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The visible light spectrum can be subdivided according to\nR. the types of waves.\nQ. a range of colors.\nK. a type of energy.\nO. the sizes of particles.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3145}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7124320", "question": "Three scientists conducted the same experiment to analyze the effectiveness of a cleaning agent on household bacteria. What is the main advantage of having the experiment repeated?", "choices": {"text": ["More bacteria will be destroyed.", "The results will be more reliable.", "A scientific journal will publish their work.", "The conclusion will lead to new discoveries."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Three scientists conducted the same experiment to analyze the effectiveness of a cleaning agent on household bacteria. What is the main advantage of having the experiment repeated?\nA. More bacteria will be destroyed.\nB. The results will be more reliable.\nC. A scientific journal will publish their work.\nD. The conclusion will lead to new discoveries.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Three scientists conducted the same experiment to analyze the effectiveness of a cleaning agent on household bacteria. What is the main advantage of having the experiment repeated?", "choices": {"text": ["A scientific journal will publish their work.", "More bacteria will be destroyed.", "The conclusion will lead to new discoveries.", "The results will be more reliable."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Three scientists conducted the same experiment to analyze the effectiveness of a cleaning agent on household bacteria. What is the main advantage of having the experiment repeated?\nA. A scientific journal will publish their work.\nB. More bacteria will be destroyed.\nC. The conclusion will lead to new discoveries.\nD. The results will be more reliable.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Three scientists conducted the same experiment to analyze the effectiveness of a cleaning agent on household bacteria. What is the main advantage of having the experiment repeated?", "choices": {"text": ["More bacteria will be destroyed.", "The results will be more reliable.", "A scientific journal will publish their work.", "The conclusion will lead to new discoveries."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Three scientists conducted the same experiment to analyze the effectiveness of a cleaning agent on household bacteria. What is the main advantage of having the experiment repeated?\n1. More bacteria will be destroyed.\n2. The results will be more reliable.\n3. A scientific journal will publish their work.\n4. The conclusion will lead to new discoveries.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Three scientists conducted the same experiment to analyze the effectiveness of a cleaning agent on household bacteria. What is the main advantage of having the experiment repeated?", "choices": {"text": ["More bacteria will be destroyed.", "The results will be more reliable.", "A scientific journal will publish their work.", "The conclusion will lead to new discoveries."], "label": ["M", "W", "S", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Three scientists conducted the same experiment to analyze the effectiveness of a cleaning agent on household bacteria. What is the main advantage of having the experiment repeated?\nM. More bacteria will be destroyed.\nW. The results will be more reliable.\nS. A scientific journal will publish their work.\nA. The conclusion will lead to new discoveries.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Three scientists conducted the same experiment to analyze the effectiveness of a cleaning agent on household bacteria. What is the main advantage of having the experiment repeated?", "choices": {"text": ["A scientific journal will publish their work.", "More bacteria will be destroyed.", "The conclusion will lead to new discoveries.", "The results will be more reliable."], "label": ["M", "W", "S", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Three scientists conducted the same experiment to analyze the effectiveness of a cleaning agent on household bacteria. What is the main advantage of having the experiment repeated?\nM. A scientific journal will publish their work.\nW. More bacteria will be destroyed.\nS. The conclusion will lead to new discoveries.\nA. The results will be more reliable.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3146}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409251", "question": "Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?", "choices": {"text": ["It decreases the cost of cars.", "It increases the speed at which cars can travel.", "It decreases injuries to passengers in cars.", "It increases the comfort of passengers in cars."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?\nA. It decreases the cost of cars.\nB. It increases the speed at which cars can travel.\nC. It decreases injuries to passengers in cars.\nD. It increases the comfort of passengers in cars.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?", "choices": {"text": ["It decreases the cost of cars.", "It increases the speed at which cars can travel.", "It increases the comfort of passengers in cars.", "It decreases injuries to passengers in cars."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?\nA. It decreases the cost of cars.\nB. It increases the speed at which cars can travel.\nC. It increases the comfort of passengers in cars.\nD. It decreases injuries to passengers in cars.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?", "choices": {"text": ["It decreases the cost of cars.", "It increases the speed at which cars can travel.", "It decreases injuries to passengers in cars.", "It increases the comfort of passengers in cars."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?\n1. It decreases the cost of cars.\n2. It increases the speed at which cars can travel.\n3. It decreases injuries to passengers in cars.\n4. It increases the comfort of passengers in cars.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?", "choices": {"text": ["It decreases the cost of cars.", "It increases the speed at which cars can travel.", "It decreases injuries to passengers in cars.", "It increases the comfort of passengers in cars."], "label": ["Z", "I", "Q", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?\nZ. It decreases the cost of cars.\nI. It increases the speed at which cars can travel.\nQ. It decreases injuries to passengers in cars.\nK. It increases the comfort of passengers in cars.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?", "choices": {"text": ["It decreases the cost of cars.", "It increases the speed at which cars can travel.", "It increases the comfort of passengers in cars.", "It decreases injuries to passengers in cars."], "label": ["Z", "I", "Q", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Today, almost all cars have seat belts. How does improving the design of seat belts help people the most?\nZ. It decreases the cost of cars.\nI. It increases the speed at which cars can travel.\nQ. It increases the comfort of passengers in cars.\nK. It decreases injuries to passengers in cars.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3147}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2014_5_15", "question": "Which type of organism is made of one cell?", "choices": {"text": ["trees", "bacteria", "fern", "fish"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of organism is made of one cell?\nA. trees\nB. bacteria\nC. fern\nD. fish\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of organism is made of one cell?", "choices": {"text": ["fish", "trees", "bacteria", "fern"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of organism is made of one cell?\nA. fish\nB. trees\nC. bacteria\nD. fern\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of organism is made of one cell?", "choices": {"text": ["trees", "bacteria", "fern", "fish"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of organism is made of one cell?\n1. trees\n2. bacteria\n3. fern\n4. fish\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of organism is made of one cell?", "choices": {"text": ["trees", "bacteria", "fern", "fish"], "label": ["M", "L", "K", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of organism is made of one cell?\nM. trees\nL. bacteria\nK. fern\nU. fish\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of organism is made of one cell?", "choices": {"text": ["fish", "trees", "bacteria", "fern"], "label": ["M", "L", "K", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of organism is made of one cell?\nM. fish\nL. trees\nK. bacteria\nU. fern\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3148}
{"arc_id": "WASL_2003_5_8", "question": "At camp, Raj sees a lightning storm. He sees the lightning before he hears the thunder. What does this show?", "choices": {"text": ["Light moves faster than sound", "Light moves slower than sound", "Light and sound move at the same speed"], "label": ["A", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: At camp, Raj sees a lightning storm. He sees the lightning before he hears the thunder. What does this show?\nA. Light moves faster than sound\nB. Light moves slower than sound\nC. Light and sound move at the same speed\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "At camp, Raj sees a lightning storm. He sees the lightning before he hears the thunder. What does this show?", "choices": {"text": ["Light moves slower than sound", "Light and sound move at the same speed", "Light moves faster than sound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: At camp, Raj sees a lightning storm. He sees the lightning before he hears the thunder. What does this show?\nA. Light moves slower than sound\nB. Light and sound move at the same speed\nC. Light moves faster than sound\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "At camp, Raj sees a lightning storm. He sees the lightning before he hears the thunder. What does this show?", "choices": {"text": ["Light moves faster than sound", "Light moves slower than sound", "Light and sound move at the same speed"], "label": ["1", "2", "3"]}, "prompt": "Question: At camp, Raj sees a lightning storm. He sees the lightning before he hears the thunder. What does this show?\n1. Light moves faster than sound\n2. Light moves slower than sound\n3. Light and sound move at the same speed\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At camp, Raj sees a lightning storm. He sees the lightning before he hears the thunder. What does this show?", "choices": {"text": ["Light moves faster than sound", "Light moves slower than sound", "Light and sound move at the same speed"], "label": ["K", "C", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: At camp, Raj sees a lightning storm. He sees the lightning before he hears the thunder. What does this show?\nK. Light moves faster than sound\nC. Light moves slower than sound\nZ. Light and sound move at the same speed\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At camp, Raj sees a lightning storm. He sees the lightning before he hears the thunder. What does this show?", "choices": {"text": ["Light moves slower than sound", "Light and sound move at the same speed", "Light moves faster than sound"], "label": ["K", "C", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: At camp, Raj sees a lightning storm. He sees the lightning before he hears the thunder. What does this show?\nK. Light moves slower than sound\nC. Light and sound move at the same speed\nZ. Light moves faster than sound\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3149}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7106610", "question": "What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?", "choices": {"text": ["Reproduction occurs rapidly.", "Reproductive competition is increased.", "Mating compatibility improves.", "Diversity increases between generations."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?\nA. Reproduction occurs rapidly.\nB. Reproductive competition is increased.\nC. Mating compatibility improves.\nD. Diversity increases between generations.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?", "choices": {"text": ["Reproductive competition is increased.", "Reproduction occurs rapidly.", "Mating compatibility improves.", "Diversity increases between generations."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?\nA. Reproductive competition is increased.\nB. Reproduction occurs rapidly.\nC. Mating compatibility improves.\nD. Diversity increases between generations.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?", "choices": {"text": ["Reproduction occurs rapidly.", "Reproductive competition is increased.", "Mating compatibility improves.", "Diversity increases between generations."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?\n1. Reproduction occurs rapidly.\n2. Reproductive competition is increased.\n3. Mating compatibility improves.\n4. Diversity increases between generations.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?", "choices": {"text": ["Reproduction occurs rapidly.", "Reproductive competition is increased.", "Mating compatibility improves.", "Diversity increases between generations."], "label": ["D", "O", "P", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?\nD. Reproduction occurs rapidly.\nO. Reproductive competition is increased.\nP. Mating compatibility improves.\nC. Diversity increases between generations.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?", "choices": {"text": ["Reproductive competition is increased.", "Reproduction occurs rapidly.", "Mating compatibility improves.", "Diversity increases between generations."], "label": ["D", "O", "P", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: What advantage do the offspring of a dandelion have by reproducing asexually?\nD. Reproductive competition is increased.\nO. Reproduction occurs rapidly.\nP. Mating compatibility improves.\nC. Diversity increases between generations.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3150}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2010_8_12012", "question": "Which of the following statements best describes a result of using interchangeable parts to manufacture automobiles?", "choices": {"text": ["The automobiles are identical.", "The automobiles wear out quickly.", "The automobiles are difficult to design.", "The automobiles can be produced on an assembly line."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes a result of using interchangeable parts to manufacture automobiles?\nA. The automobiles are identical.\nB. The automobiles wear out quickly.\nC. The automobiles are difficult to design.\nD. The automobiles can be produced on an assembly line.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes a result of using interchangeable parts to manufacture automobiles?", "choices": {"text": ["The automobiles are identical.", "The automobiles can be produced on an assembly line.", "The automobiles are difficult to design.", "The automobiles wear out quickly."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes a result of using interchangeable parts to manufacture automobiles?\nA. The automobiles are identical.\nB. The automobiles can be produced on an assembly line.\nC. The automobiles are difficult to design.\nD. The automobiles wear out quickly.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes a result of using interchangeable parts to manufacture automobiles?", "choices": {"text": ["The automobiles are identical.", "The automobiles wear out quickly.", "The automobiles are difficult to design.", "The automobiles can be produced on an assembly line."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes a result of using interchangeable parts to manufacture automobiles?\n1. The automobiles are identical.\n2. The automobiles wear out quickly.\n3. The automobiles are difficult to design.\n4. The automobiles can be produced on an assembly line.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes a result of using interchangeable parts to manufacture automobiles?", "choices": {"text": ["The automobiles are identical.", "The automobiles wear out quickly.", "The automobiles are difficult to design.", "The automobiles can be produced on an assembly line."], "label": ["Y", "A", "F", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes a result of using interchangeable parts to manufacture automobiles?\nY. The automobiles are identical.\nA. The automobiles wear out quickly.\nF. The automobiles are difficult to design.\nE. The automobiles can be produced on an assembly line.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes a result of using interchangeable parts to manufacture automobiles?", "choices": {"text": ["The automobiles are identical.", "The automobiles can be produced on an assembly line.", "The automobiles are difficult to design.", "The automobiles wear out quickly."], "label": ["Y", "A", "F", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes a result of using interchangeable parts to manufacture automobiles?\nY. The automobiles are identical.\nA. The automobiles can be produced on an assembly line.\nF. The automobiles are difficult to design.\nE. The automobiles wear out quickly.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3151}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2010_8_12019", "question": "A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?", "choices": {"text": ["bending", "compression", "tension", "torsion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?\nA. bending\nB. compression\nC. tension\nD. torsion\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?", "choices": {"text": ["torsion", "bending", "tension", "compression"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?\nA. torsion\nB. bending\nC. tension\nD. compression\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?", "choices": {"text": ["bending", "compression", "tension", "torsion"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?\n1. bending\n2. compression\n3. tension\n4. torsion\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?", "choices": {"text": ["bending", "compression", "tension", "torsion"], "label": ["M", "V", "J", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?\nM. bending\nV. compression\nJ. tension\nG. torsion\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?", "choices": {"text": ["torsion", "bending", "tension", "compression"], "label": ["M", "V", "J", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A stone arch bridge relies primarily on which of the following for its load strength?\nM. torsion\nV. bending\nJ. tension\nG. compression\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3152}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7159425", "question": "After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy to electrical energy", "thermal energy to mechanical energy", "nuclear energy to mechanical energy", "thermal energy to electrical energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?\nA. mechanical energy to electrical energy\nB. thermal energy to mechanical energy\nC. nuclear energy to mechanical energy\nD. thermal energy to electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy to mechanical energy", "mechanical energy to electrical energy", "thermal energy to electrical energy", "thermal energy to mechanical energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?\nA. nuclear energy to mechanical energy\nB. mechanical energy to electrical energy\nC. thermal energy to electrical energy\nD. thermal energy to mechanical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy to electrical energy", "thermal energy to mechanical energy", "nuclear energy to mechanical energy", "thermal energy to electrical energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?\n1. mechanical energy to electrical energy\n2. thermal energy to mechanical energy\n3. nuclear energy to mechanical energy\n4. thermal energy to electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy to electrical energy", "thermal energy to mechanical energy", "nuclear energy to mechanical energy", "thermal energy to electrical energy"], "label": ["F", "L", "N", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?\nF. mechanical energy to electrical energy\nL. thermal energy to mechanical energy\nN. nuclear energy to mechanical energy\nB. thermal energy to electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy to mechanical energy", "mechanical energy to electrical energy", "thermal energy to electrical energy", "thermal energy to mechanical energy"], "label": ["F", "L", "N", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a storm, a hospital may have to rely on backup generators to power some equipment. Which is the energy conversion provided by the generators?\nF. nuclear energy to mechanical energy\nL. mechanical energy to electrical energy\nN. thermal energy to electrical energy\nB. thermal energy to mechanical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3153}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_192343", "question": "Many flowers attract bees. Bees consume nectar from the flower for energy. How does this interaction benefit the plant?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing photosynthesis", "by pollinating it", "by limiting growth", "by reducing competition"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many flowers attract bees. Bees consume nectar from the flower for energy. How does this interaction benefit the plant?\nA. by increasing photosynthesis\nB. by pollinating it\nC. by limiting growth\nD. by reducing competition\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many flowers attract bees. Bees consume nectar from the flower for energy. How does this interaction benefit the plant?", "choices": {"text": ["by limiting growth", "by increasing photosynthesis", "by reducing competition", "by pollinating it"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many flowers attract bees. Bees consume nectar from the flower for energy. How does this interaction benefit the plant?\nA. by limiting growth\nB. by increasing photosynthesis\nC. by reducing competition\nD. by pollinating it\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many flowers attract bees. Bees consume nectar from the flower for energy. How does this interaction benefit the plant?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing photosynthesis", "by pollinating it", "by limiting growth", "by reducing competition"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many flowers attract bees. Bees consume nectar from the flower for energy. How does this interaction benefit the plant?\n1. by increasing photosynthesis\n2. by pollinating it\n3. by limiting growth\n4. by reducing competition\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many flowers attract bees. Bees consume nectar from the flower for energy. How does this interaction benefit the plant?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing photosynthesis", "by pollinating it", "by limiting growth", "by reducing competition"], "label": ["T", "S", "I", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many flowers attract bees. Bees consume nectar from the flower for energy. How does this interaction benefit the plant?\nT. by increasing photosynthesis\nS. by pollinating it\nI. by limiting growth\nV. by reducing competition\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many flowers attract bees. Bees consume nectar from the flower for energy. How does this interaction benefit the plant?", "choices": {"text": ["by limiting growth", "by increasing photosynthesis", "by reducing competition", "by pollinating it"], "label": ["T", "S", "I", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many flowers attract bees. Bees consume nectar from the flower for energy. How does this interaction benefit the plant?\nT. by limiting growth\nS. by increasing photosynthesis\nI. by reducing competition\nV. by pollinating it\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3154}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_9", "question": "In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of", "choices": {"text": ["blood", "minerals", "Calories", "DNA"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of\nA. blood\nB. minerals\nC. Calories\nD. DNA\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of", "choices": {"text": ["blood", "minerals", "DNA", "Calories"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of\nA. blood\nB. minerals\nC. DNA\nD. Calories\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of", "choices": {"text": ["blood", "minerals", "Calories", "DNA"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of\n1. blood\n2. minerals\n3. Calories\n4. DNA\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of", "choices": {"text": ["blood", "minerals", "Calories", "DNA"], "label": ["Q", "G", "W", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of\nQ. blood\nG. minerals\nW. Calories\nB. DNA\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of", "choices": {"text": ["blood", "minerals", "DNA", "Calories"], "label": ["Q", "G", "W", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In living things, traits are passed on from one generation to the next by the transfer of\nQ. blood\nG. minerals\nW. DNA\nB. Calories\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3155}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405783", "question": "Every organism in an ecosystem receives energy from another source. Which of these organisms receives its energy directly from the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "fungus", "grass", "hawk"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Every organism in an ecosystem receives energy from another source. Which of these organisms receives its energy directly from the Sun?\nA. deer\nB. fungus\nC. grass\nD. hawk\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Every organism in an ecosystem receives energy from another source. Which of these organisms receives its energy directly from the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "fungus", "hawk", "grass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Every organism in an ecosystem receives energy from another source. Which of these organisms receives its energy directly from the Sun?\nA. deer\nB. fungus\nC. hawk\nD. grass\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Every organism in an ecosystem receives energy from another source. Which of these organisms receives its energy directly from the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "fungus", "grass", "hawk"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Every organism in an ecosystem receives energy from another source. Which of these organisms receives its energy directly from the Sun?\n1. deer\n2. fungus\n3. grass\n4. hawk\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Every organism in an ecosystem receives energy from another source. Which of these organisms receives its energy directly from the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "fungus", "grass", "hawk"], "label": ["Z", "A", "F", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Every organism in an ecosystem receives energy from another source. Which of these organisms receives its energy directly from the Sun?\nZ. deer\nA. fungus\nF. grass\nT. hawk\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Every organism in an ecosystem receives energy from another source. Which of these organisms receives its energy directly from the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "fungus", "hawk", "grass"], "label": ["Z", "A", "F", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Every organism in an ecosystem receives energy from another source. Which of these organisms receives its energy directly from the Sun?\nZ. deer\nA. fungus\nF. hawk\nT. grass\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3156}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2013_7_1", "question": "Aristotle taught that a force was always required to keep an object moving. Which of the following states what Newton believed?", "choices": {"text": ["Aristotle was correct.", "Aristotle was correct for objects on Earth but not in space.", "An object will keep moving unless an unbalanced force stops it.", "A moving object will eventually stop even though an unbalanced force keeps pushing on it."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aristotle taught that a force was always required to keep an object moving. Which of the following states what Newton believed?\nA. Aristotle was correct.\nB. Aristotle was correct for objects on Earth but not in space.\nC. An object will keep moving unless an unbalanced force stops it.\nD. A moving object will eventually stop even though an unbalanced force keeps pushing on it.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Aristotle taught that a force was always required to keep an object moving. Which of the following states what Newton believed?", "choices": {"text": ["An object will keep moving unless an unbalanced force stops it.", "Aristotle was correct for objects on Earth but not in space.", "Aristotle was correct.", "A moving object will eventually stop even though an unbalanced force keeps pushing on it."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aristotle taught that a force was always required to keep an object moving. Which of the following states what Newton believed?\nA. An object will keep moving unless an unbalanced force stops it.\nB. Aristotle was correct for objects on Earth but not in space.\nC. Aristotle was correct.\nD. A moving object will eventually stop even though an unbalanced force keeps pushing on it.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Aristotle taught that a force was always required to keep an object moving. Which of the following states what Newton believed?", "choices": {"text": ["Aristotle was correct.", "Aristotle was correct for objects on Earth but not in space.", "An object will keep moving unless an unbalanced force stops it.", "A moving object will eventually stop even though an unbalanced force keeps pushing on it."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aristotle taught that a force was always required to keep an object moving. Which of the following states what Newton believed?\n1. Aristotle was correct.\n2. Aristotle was correct for objects on Earth but not in space.\n3. An object will keep moving unless an unbalanced force stops it.\n4. A moving object will eventually stop even though an unbalanced force keeps pushing on it.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Aristotle taught that a force was always required to keep an object moving. Which of the following states what Newton believed?", "choices": {"text": ["Aristotle was correct.", "Aristotle was correct for objects on Earth but not in space.", "An object will keep moving unless an unbalanced force stops it.", "A moving object will eventually stop even though an unbalanced force keeps pushing on it."], "label": ["B", "F", "D", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aristotle taught that a force was always required to keep an object moving. Which of the following states what Newton believed?\nB. Aristotle was correct.\nF. Aristotle was correct for objects on Earth but not in space.\nD. An object will keep moving unless an unbalanced force stops it.\nT. A moving object will eventually stop even though an unbalanced force keeps pushing on it.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Aristotle taught that a force was always required to keep an object moving. Which of the following states what Newton believed?", "choices": {"text": ["An object will keep moving unless an unbalanced force stops it.", "Aristotle was correct for objects on Earth but not in space.", "Aristotle was correct.", "A moving object will eventually stop even though an unbalanced force keeps pushing on it."], "label": ["B", "F", "D", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aristotle taught that a force was always required to keep an object moving. Which of the following states what Newton believed?\nB. An object will keep moving unless an unbalanced force stops it.\nF. Aristotle was correct for objects on Earth but not in space.\nD. Aristotle was correct.\nT. A moving object will eventually stop even though an unbalanced force keeps pushing on it.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3157}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2008_8_13", "question": "The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["The planets rotate around the sun.", "The sun rotates around the planets.", "The planets revolve around the sun.", "The sun revolves around the planets."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system?\nA. The planets rotate around the sun.\nB. The sun rotates around the planets.\nC. The planets revolve around the sun.\nD. The sun revolves around the planets.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["The planets revolve around the sun.", "The planets rotate around the sun.", "The sun revolves around the planets.", "The sun rotates around the planets."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system?\nA. The planets revolve around the sun.\nB. The planets rotate around the sun.\nC. The sun revolves around the planets.\nD. The sun rotates around the planets.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["The planets rotate around the sun.", "The sun rotates around the planets.", "The planets revolve around the sun.", "The sun revolves around the planets."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system?\n1. The planets rotate around the sun.\n2. The sun rotates around the planets.\n3. The planets revolve around the sun.\n4. The sun revolves around the planets.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["The planets rotate around the sun.", "The sun rotates around the planets.", "The planets revolve around the sun.", "The sun revolves around the planets."], "label": ["L", "S", "E", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system?\nL. The planets rotate around the sun.\nS. The sun rotates around the planets.\nE. The planets revolve around the sun.\nC. The sun revolves around the planets.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["The planets revolve around the sun.", "The planets rotate around the sun.", "The sun revolves around the planets.", "The sun rotates around the planets."], "label": ["L", "S", "E", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The solar system containing Earth consists of a sun and planets. Which statement best describes the motion of the planets in our solar system?\nL. The planets revolve around the sun.\nS. The planets rotate around the sun.\nE. The sun revolves around the planets.\nC. The sun rotates around the planets.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3158}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2011_5_35", "question": "Animal wastes contain bacteria that make organisms sick. These wastes are often washed into water supplies by storms. How might a pet owner prevent these bacteria from polluting water supplies?", "choices": {"text": ["Brush the pet daily to remove bacteria.", "Feed pets food that produces less waste.", "Bag the pet waste and throw it in the trash.", "Wash the pet with shampoo to kill the bacteria."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animal wastes contain bacteria that make organisms sick. These wastes are often washed into water supplies by storms. How might a pet owner prevent these bacteria from polluting water supplies?\nA. Brush the pet daily to remove bacteria.\nB. Feed pets food that produces less waste.\nC. Bag the pet waste and throw it in the trash.\nD. Wash the pet with shampoo to kill the bacteria.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Animal wastes contain bacteria that make organisms sick. These wastes are often washed into water supplies by storms. How might a pet owner prevent these bacteria from polluting water supplies?", "choices": {"text": ["Bag the pet waste and throw it in the trash.", "Brush the pet daily to remove bacteria.", "Feed pets food that produces less waste.", "Wash the pet with shampoo to kill the bacteria."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animal wastes contain bacteria that make organisms sick. These wastes are often washed into water supplies by storms. How might a pet owner prevent these bacteria from polluting water supplies?\nA. Bag the pet waste and throw it in the trash.\nB. Brush the pet daily to remove bacteria.\nC. Feed pets food that produces less waste.\nD. Wash the pet with shampoo to kill the bacteria.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Animal wastes contain bacteria that make organisms sick. These wastes are often washed into water supplies by storms. How might a pet owner prevent these bacteria from polluting water supplies?", "choices": {"text": ["Brush the pet daily to remove bacteria.", "Feed pets food that produces less waste.", "Bag the pet waste and throw it in the trash.", "Wash the pet with shampoo to kill the bacteria."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animal wastes contain bacteria that make organisms sick. These wastes are often washed into water supplies by storms. How might a pet owner prevent these bacteria from polluting water supplies?\n1. Brush the pet daily to remove bacteria.\n2. Feed pets food that produces less waste.\n3. Bag the pet waste and throw it in the trash.\n4. Wash the pet with shampoo to kill the bacteria.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animal wastes contain bacteria that make organisms sick. These wastes are often washed into water supplies by storms. How might a pet owner prevent these bacteria from polluting water supplies?", "choices": {"text": ["Brush the pet daily to remove bacteria.", "Feed pets food that produces less waste.", "Bag the pet waste and throw it in the trash.", "Wash the pet with shampoo to kill the bacteria."], "label": ["Y", "S", "U", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animal wastes contain bacteria that make organisms sick. These wastes are often washed into water supplies by storms. How might a pet owner prevent these bacteria from polluting water supplies?\nY. Brush the pet daily to remove bacteria.\nS. Feed pets food that produces less waste.\nU. Bag the pet waste and throw it in the trash.\nD. Wash the pet with shampoo to kill the bacteria.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animal wastes contain bacteria that make organisms sick. These wastes are often washed into water supplies by storms. How might a pet owner prevent these bacteria from polluting water supplies?", "choices": {"text": ["Bag the pet waste and throw it in the trash.", "Brush the pet daily to remove bacteria.", "Feed pets food that produces less waste.", "Wash the pet with shampoo to kill the bacteria."], "label": ["Y", "S", "U", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animal wastes contain bacteria that make organisms sick. These wastes are often washed into water supplies by storms. How might a pet owner prevent these bacteria from polluting water supplies?\nY. Bag the pet waste and throw it in the trash.\nS. Brush the pet daily to remove bacteria.\nU. Feed pets food that produces less waste.\nD. Wash the pet with shampoo to kill the bacteria.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3159}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_8_17", "question": "Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?", "choices": {"text": ["applying the varnish", "assembling the parts", "cutting the material", "inspecting the finish"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?\nA. applying the varnish\nB. assembling the parts\nC. cutting the material\nD. inspecting the finish\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?", "choices": {"text": ["inspecting the finish", "applying the varnish", "assembling the parts", "cutting the material"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?\nA. inspecting the finish\nB. applying the varnish\nC. assembling the parts\nD. cutting the material\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?", "choices": {"text": ["applying the varnish", "assembling the parts", "cutting the material", "inspecting the finish"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?\n1. applying the varnish\n2. assembling the parts\n3. cutting the material\n4. inspecting the finish\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?", "choices": {"text": ["applying the varnish", "assembling the parts", "cutting the material", "inspecting the finish"], "label": ["X", "H", "N", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?\nX. applying the varnish\nH. assembling the parts\nN. cutting the material\nE. inspecting the finish\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?", "choices": {"text": ["inspecting the finish", "applying the varnish", "assembling the parts", "cutting the material"], "label": ["X", "H", "N", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is performed by the quality control division of a company that is manufacturing a chair?\nX. inspecting the finish\nH. applying the varnish\nN. assembling the parts\nE. cutting the material\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3160}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_5_24", "question": "Which type of storm causes the most flooding in areas located near an ocean coastline?", "choices": {"text": ["Tornado", "Hurricane", "Blizzard", "Freezing rain"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of storm causes the most flooding in areas located near an ocean coastline?\nA. Tornado\nB. Hurricane\nC. Blizzard\nD. Freezing rain\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of storm causes the most flooding in areas located near an ocean coastline?", "choices": {"text": ["Hurricane", "Blizzard", "Freezing rain", "Tornado"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of storm causes the most flooding in areas located near an ocean coastline?\nA. Hurricane\nB. Blizzard\nC. Freezing rain\nD. Tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of storm causes the most flooding in areas located near an ocean coastline?", "choices": {"text": ["Tornado", "Hurricane", "Blizzard", "Freezing rain"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of storm causes the most flooding in areas located near an ocean coastline?\n1. Tornado\n2. Hurricane\n3. Blizzard\n4. Freezing rain\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of storm causes the most flooding in areas located near an ocean coastline?", "choices": {"text": ["Tornado", "Hurricane", "Blizzard", "Freezing rain"], "label": ["W", "J", "R", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of storm causes the most flooding in areas located near an ocean coastline?\nW. Tornado\nJ. Hurricane\nR. Blizzard\nP. Freezing rain\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of storm causes the most flooding in areas located near an ocean coastline?", "choices": {"text": ["Hurricane", "Blizzard", "Freezing rain", "Tornado"], "label": ["W", "J", "R", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of storm causes the most flooding in areas located near an ocean coastline?\nW. Hurricane\nJ. Blizzard\nR. Freezing rain\nP. Tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3161}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2008_4_10287", "question": "Anne and her father find a 30-million year-old tropical plant fossil in Louisiana. Which question does the fossil help them answer?", "choices": {"text": ["Were there mountains in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "What was the climate like in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "What kind of animals lived in Louisiana 30 million years ago?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Anne and her father find a 30-million year-old tropical plant fossil in Louisiana. Which question does the fossil help them answer?\nA. Were there mountains in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nB. What was the climate like in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nC. Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nD. What kind of animals lived in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Anne and her father find a 30-million year-old tropical plant fossil in Louisiana. Which question does the fossil help them answer?", "choices": {"text": ["Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "What kind of animals lived in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "What was the climate like in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "Were there mountains in Louisiana 30 million years ago?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Anne and her father find a 30-million year-old tropical plant fossil in Louisiana. Which question does the fossil help them answer?\nA. Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nB. What kind of animals lived in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nC. What was the climate like in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nD. Were there mountains in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Anne and her father find a 30-million year-old tropical plant fossil in Louisiana. Which question does the fossil help them answer?", "choices": {"text": ["Were there mountains in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "What was the climate like in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "What kind of animals lived in Louisiana 30 million years ago?"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Anne and her father find a 30-million year-old tropical plant fossil in Louisiana. Which question does the fossil help them answer?\n1. Were there mountains in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\n2. What was the climate like in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\n3. Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\n4. What kind of animals lived in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Anne and her father find a 30-million year-old tropical plant fossil in Louisiana. Which question does the fossil help them answer?", "choices": {"text": ["Were there mountains in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "What was the climate like in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "What kind of animals lived in Louisiana 30 million years ago?"], "label": ["V", "G", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Anne and her father find a 30-million year-old tropical plant fossil in Louisiana. Which question does the fossil help them answer?\nV. Were there mountains in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nG. What was the climate like in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nB. Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nM. What kind of animals lived in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Anne and her father find a 30-million year-old tropical plant fossil in Louisiana. Which question does the fossil help them answer?", "choices": {"text": ["Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "What kind of animals lived in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "What was the climate like in Louisiana 30 million years ago?", "Were there mountains in Louisiana 30 million years ago?"], "label": ["V", "G", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Anne and her father find a 30-million year-old tropical plant fossil in Louisiana. Which question does the fossil help them answer?\nV. Were there earthquakes in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nG. What kind of animals lived in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nB. What was the climate like in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nM. Were there mountains in Louisiana 30 million years ago?\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3162}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_192868", "question": "In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphic", "sedimentary", "igneous", "weathered"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?\nA. metamorphic\nB. sedimentary\nC. igneous\nD. weathered\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?", "choices": {"text": ["sedimentary", "igneous", "weathered", "metamorphic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?\nA. sedimentary\nB. igneous\nC. weathered\nD. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphic", "sedimentary", "igneous", "weathered"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?\n1. metamorphic\n2. sedimentary\n3. igneous\n4. weathered\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphic", "sedimentary", "igneous", "weathered"], "label": ["L", "C", "R", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?\nL. metamorphic\nC. sedimentary\nR. igneous\nV. weathered\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?", "choices": {"text": ["sedimentary", "igneous", "weathered", "metamorphic"], "label": ["L", "C", "R", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this?\nL. sedimentary\nC. igneous\nR. weathered\nV. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3163}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_8_22", "question": "The heath hen, an extinct small wild fowl, was a relative of the prairie chicken. Which of the following most likely caused extinction of the heath hen?", "choices": {"text": ["overhunting", "stable climate", "plentiful food supply", "abundant nesting sites"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The heath hen, an extinct small wild fowl, was a relative of the prairie chicken. Which of the following most likely caused extinction of the heath hen?\nA. overhunting\nB. stable climate\nC. plentiful food supply\nD. abundant nesting sites\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The heath hen, an extinct small wild fowl, was a relative of the prairie chicken. Which of the following most likely caused extinction of the heath hen?", "choices": {"text": ["stable climate", "abundant nesting sites", "overhunting", "plentiful food supply"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The heath hen, an extinct small wild fowl, was a relative of the prairie chicken. Which of the following most likely caused extinction of the heath hen?\nA. stable climate\nB. abundant nesting sites\nC. overhunting\nD. plentiful food supply\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The heath hen, an extinct small wild fowl, was a relative of the prairie chicken. Which of the following most likely caused extinction of the heath hen?", "choices": {"text": ["overhunting", "stable climate", "plentiful food supply", "abundant nesting sites"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The heath hen, an extinct small wild fowl, was a relative of the prairie chicken. Which of the following most likely caused extinction of the heath hen?\n1. overhunting\n2. stable climate\n3. plentiful food supply\n4. abundant nesting sites\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The heath hen, an extinct small wild fowl, was a relative of the prairie chicken. Which of the following most likely caused extinction of the heath hen?", "choices": {"text": ["overhunting", "stable climate", "plentiful food supply", "abundant nesting sites"], "label": ["A", "S", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The heath hen, an extinct small wild fowl, was a relative of the prairie chicken. Which of the following most likely caused extinction of the heath hen?\nA. overhunting\nS. stable climate\nB. plentiful food supply\nX. abundant nesting sites\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The heath hen, an extinct small wild fowl, was a relative of the prairie chicken. Which of the following most likely caused extinction of the heath hen?", "choices": {"text": ["stable climate", "abundant nesting sites", "overhunting", "plentiful food supply"], "label": ["A", "S", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The heath hen, an extinct small wild fowl, was a relative of the prairie chicken. Which of the following most likely caused extinction of the heath hen?\nA. stable climate\nS. abundant nesting sites\nB. overhunting\nX. plentiful food supply\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3164}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7013195", "question": "A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be", "choices": {"text": ["warm and dry.", "warm and humid.", "cool and dry.", "cool and humid."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be\nA. warm and dry.\nB. warm and humid.\nC. cool and dry.\nD. cool and humid.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be", "choices": {"text": ["warm and humid.", "warm and dry.", "cool and dry.", "cool and humid."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be\nA. warm and humid.\nB. warm and dry.\nC. cool and dry.\nD. cool and humid.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be", "choices": {"text": ["warm and dry.", "warm and humid.", "cool and dry.", "cool and humid."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be\n1. warm and dry.\n2. warm and humid.\n3. cool and dry.\n4. cool and humid.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be", "choices": {"text": ["warm and dry.", "warm and humid.", "cool and dry.", "cool and humid."], "label": ["S", "X", "R", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be\nS. warm and dry.\nX. warm and humid.\nR. cool and dry.\nM. cool and humid.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be", "choices": {"text": ["warm and humid.", "warm and dry.", "cool and dry.", "cool and humid."], "label": ["S", "X", "R", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A stationary air mass over the Gulf of Mexico would typically be\nS. warm and humid.\nX. warm and dry.\nR. cool and dry.\nM. cool and humid.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3165}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2010_5_14", "question": "Which of the following metals will be attracted to a magnet?", "choices": {"text": ["copper", "gold", "iron", "silver"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following metals will be attracted to a magnet?\nA. copper\nB. gold\nC. iron\nD. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following metals will be attracted to a magnet?", "choices": {"text": ["gold", "copper", "silver", "iron"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following metals will be attracted to a magnet?\nA. gold\nB. copper\nC. silver\nD. iron\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following metals will be attracted to a magnet?", "choices": {"text": ["copper", "gold", "iron", "silver"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following metals will be attracted to a magnet?\n1. copper\n2. gold\n3. iron\n4. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following metals will be attracted to a magnet?", "choices": {"text": ["copper", "gold", "iron", "silver"], "label": ["C", "Y", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following metals will be attracted to a magnet?\nC. copper\nY. gold\nI. iron\nL. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following metals will be attracted to a magnet?", "choices": {"text": ["gold", "copper", "silver", "iron"], "label": ["C", "Y", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following metals will be attracted to a magnet?\nC. gold\nY. copper\nI. silver\nL. iron\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3166}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7220343", "question": "A student wants to create a drawing of the water cycle. Which image can the student use to represent water cycling through the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["a cloud", "a stream", "a frozen lake", "a drop of dew"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to create a drawing of the water cycle. Which image can the student use to represent water cycling through the atmosphere?\nA. a cloud\nB. a stream\nC. a frozen lake\nD. a drop of dew\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to create a drawing of the water cycle. Which image can the student use to represent water cycling through the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["a drop of dew", "a stream", "a frozen lake", "a cloud"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to create a drawing of the water cycle. Which image can the student use to represent water cycling through the atmosphere?\nA. a drop of dew\nB. a stream\nC. a frozen lake\nD. a cloud\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to create a drawing of the water cycle. Which image can the student use to represent water cycling through the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["a cloud", "a stream", "a frozen lake", "a drop of dew"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to create a drawing of the water cycle. Which image can the student use to represent water cycling through the atmosphere?\n1. a cloud\n2. a stream\n3. a frozen lake\n4. a drop of dew\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to create a drawing of the water cycle. Which image can the student use to represent water cycling through the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["a cloud", "a stream", "a frozen lake", "a drop of dew"], "label": ["B", "H", "L", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to create a drawing of the water cycle. Which image can the student use to represent water cycling through the atmosphere?\nB. a cloud\nH. a stream\nL. a frozen lake\nY. a drop of dew\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to create a drawing of the water cycle. Which image can the student use to represent water cycling through the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["a drop of dew", "a stream", "a frozen lake", "a cloud"], "label": ["B", "H", "L", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to create a drawing of the water cycle. Which image can the student use to represent water cycling through the atmosphere?\nB. a drop of dew\nH. a stream\nL. a frozen lake\nY. a cloud\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3167}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_1995_8_K16", "question": "Which is made with the help of bacteria?", "choices": {"text": ["Yogurt", "Cream", "Soap", "Cooking oil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is made with the help of bacteria?\nA. Yogurt\nB. Cream\nC. Soap\nD. Cooking oil\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is made with the help of bacteria?", "choices": {"text": ["Cream", "Cooking oil", "Soap", "Yogurt"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is made with the help of bacteria?\nA. Cream\nB. Cooking oil\nC. Soap\nD. Yogurt\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is made with the help of bacteria?", "choices": {"text": ["Yogurt", "Cream", "Soap", "Cooking oil"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is made with the help of bacteria?\n1. Yogurt\n2. Cream\n3. Soap\n4. Cooking oil\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is made with the help of bacteria?", "choices": {"text": ["Yogurt", "Cream", "Soap", "Cooking oil"], "label": ["K", "G", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is made with the help of bacteria?\nK. Yogurt\nG. Cream\nQ. Soap\nZ. Cooking oil\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is made with the help of bacteria?", "choices": {"text": ["Cream", "Cooking oil", "Soap", "Yogurt"], "label": ["K", "G", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is made with the help of bacteria?\nK. Cream\nG. Cooking oil\nQ. Soap\nZ. Yogurt\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3168}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408031", "question": "Lamar learned that birds, mammals, and reptiles are all vertebrates. Which characteristic do all vertebrates share?", "choices": {"text": ["They all lay eggs.", "They all have feathers.", "They all have a backbone.", "They are all warm-blooded."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lamar learned that birds, mammals, and reptiles are all vertebrates. Which characteristic do all vertebrates share?\nA. They all lay eggs.\nB. They all have feathers.\nC. They all have a backbone.\nD. They are all warm-blooded.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Lamar learned that birds, mammals, and reptiles are all vertebrates. Which characteristic do all vertebrates share?", "choices": {"text": ["They all have a backbone.", "They all have feathers.", "They all lay eggs.", "They are all warm-blooded."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lamar learned that birds, mammals, and reptiles are all vertebrates. Which characteristic do all vertebrates share?\nA. They all have a backbone.\nB. They all have feathers.\nC. They all lay eggs.\nD. They are all warm-blooded.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Lamar learned that birds, mammals, and reptiles are all vertebrates. Which characteristic do all vertebrates share?", "choices": {"text": ["They all lay eggs.", "They all have feathers.", "They all have a backbone.", "They are all warm-blooded."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lamar learned that birds, mammals, and reptiles are all vertebrates. Which characteristic do all vertebrates share?\n1. They all lay eggs.\n2. They all have feathers.\n3. They all have a backbone.\n4. They are all warm-blooded.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Lamar learned that birds, mammals, and reptiles are all vertebrates. Which characteristic do all vertebrates share?", "choices": {"text": ["They all lay eggs.", "They all have feathers.", "They all have a backbone.", "They are all warm-blooded."], "label": ["D", "N", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lamar learned that birds, mammals, and reptiles are all vertebrates. Which characteristic do all vertebrates share?\nD. They all lay eggs.\nN. They all have feathers.\nT. They all have a backbone.\nK. They are all warm-blooded.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Lamar learned that birds, mammals, and reptiles are all vertebrates. Which characteristic do all vertebrates share?", "choices": {"text": ["They all have a backbone.", "They all have feathers.", "They all lay eggs.", "They are all warm-blooded."], "label": ["D", "N", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lamar learned that birds, mammals, and reptiles are all vertebrates. Which characteristic do all vertebrates share?\nD. They all have a backbone.\nN. They all have feathers.\nT. They all lay eggs.\nK. They are all warm-blooded.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3169}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7015925", "question": "Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?", "choices": {"text": ["eruptions of volcanoes", "extraction of ground water", "global warming", "greenhouse effect"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?\nA. eruptions of volcanoes\nB. extraction of ground water\nC. global warming\nD. greenhouse effect\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?", "choices": {"text": ["greenhouse effect", "eruptions of volcanoes", "global warming", "extraction of ground water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?\nA. greenhouse effect\nB. eruptions of volcanoes\nC. global warming\nD. extraction of ground water\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?", "choices": {"text": ["eruptions of volcanoes", "extraction of ground water", "global warming", "greenhouse effect"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?\n1. eruptions of volcanoes\n2. extraction of ground water\n3. global warming\n4. greenhouse effect\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?", "choices": {"text": ["eruptions of volcanoes", "extraction of ground water", "global warming", "greenhouse effect"], "label": ["H", "P", "R", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?\nH. eruptions of volcanoes\nP. extraction of ground water\nR. global warming\nT. greenhouse effect\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?", "choices": {"text": ["greenhouse effect", "eruptions of volcanoes", "global warming", "extraction of ground water"], "label": ["H", "P", "R", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?\nH. greenhouse effect\nP. eruptions of volcanoes\nR. global warming\nT. extraction of ground water\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3170}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7085873", "question": "Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?", "choices": {"text": ["molecule", "compound", "solution", "mixture"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?\nA. molecule\nB. compound\nC. solution\nD. mixture\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?", "choices": {"text": ["mixture", "solution", "molecule", "compound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?\nA. mixture\nB. solution\nC. molecule\nD. compound\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?", "choices": {"text": ["molecule", "compound", "solution", "mixture"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?\n1. molecule\n2. compound\n3. solution\n4. mixture\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?", "choices": {"text": ["molecule", "compound", "solution", "mixture"], "label": ["Z", "S", "A", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?\nZ. molecule\nS. compound\nA. solution\nE. mixture\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?", "choices": {"text": ["mixture", "solution", "molecule", "compound"], "label": ["Z", "S", "A", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes two atoms of oxygen that are chemically bonded to each other?\nZ. mixture\nS. solution\nA. molecule\nE. compound\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3171}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7217035", "question": "If the climate in an area were to become much drier, which plant variation would be most advantageous to the survival of the species?", "choices": {"text": ["bigger branches", "larger flowers", "thicker leaves", "longer stems"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the climate in an area were to become much drier, which plant variation would be most advantageous to the survival of the species?\nA. bigger branches\nB. larger flowers\nC. thicker leaves\nD. longer stems\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If the climate in an area were to become much drier, which plant variation would be most advantageous to the survival of the species?", "choices": {"text": ["bigger branches", "longer stems", "larger flowers", "thicker leaves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the climate in an area were to become much drier, which plant variation would be most advantageous to the survival of the species?\nA. bigger branches\nB. longer stems\nC. larger flowers\nD. thicker leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If the climate in an area were to become much drier, which plant variation would be most advantageous to the survival of the species?", "choices": {"text": ["bigger branches", "larger flowers", "thicker leaves", "longer stems"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the climate in an area were to become much drier, which plant variation would be most advantageous to the survival of the species?\n1. bigger branches\n2. larger flowers\n3. thicker leaves\n4. longer stems\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If the climate in an area were to become much drier, which plant variation would be most advantageous to the survival of the species?", "choices": {"text": ["bigger branches", "larger flowers", "thicker leaves", "longer stems"], "label": ["W", "O", "R", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the climate in an area were to become much drier, which plant variation would be most advantageous to the survival of the species?\nW. bigger branches\nO. larger flowers\nR. thicker leaves\nS. longer stems\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If the climate in an area were to become much drier, which plant variation would be most advantageous to the survival of the species?", "choices": {"text": ["bigger branches", "longer stems", "larger flowers", "thicker leaves"], "label": ["W", "O", "R", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the climate in an area were to become much drier, which plant variation would be most advantageous to the survival of the species?\nW. bigger branches\nO. longer stems\nR. larger flowers\nS. thicker leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3172}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7003728", "question": "Which form of energy is in firewood?", "choices": {"text": ["light", "sound", "kinetic", "potential"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is in firewood?\nA. light\nB. sound\nC. kinetic\nD. potential\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is in firewood?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic", "light", "potential", "sound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is in firewood?\nA. kinetic\nB. light\nC. potential\nD. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is in firewood?", "choices": {"text": ["light", "sound", "kinetic", "potential"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is in firewood?\n1. light\n2. sound\n3. kinetic\n4. potential\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is in firewood?", "choices": {"text": ["light", "sound", "kinetic", "potential"], "label": ["U", "J", "V", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is in firewood?\nU. light\nJ. sound\nV. kinetic\nK. potential\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is in firewood?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic", "light", "potential", "sound"], "label": ["U", "J", "V", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is in firewood?\nU. kinetic\nJ. light\nV. potential\nK. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3173}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg10", "question": "What covers most of the Earth's surface?", "choices": {"text": ["Water", "Bare rock", "Farm land", "Cities and towns"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What covers most of the Earth's surface?\nA. Water\nB. Bare rock\nC. Farm land\nD. Cities and towns\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What covers most of the Earth's surface?", "choices": {"text": ["Cities and towns", "Farm land", "Bare rock", "Water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What covers most of the Earth's surface?\nA. Cities and towns\nB. Farm land\nC. Bare rock\nD. Water\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What covers most of the Earth's surface?", "choices": {"text": ["Water", "Bare rock", "Farm land", "Cities and towns"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What covers most of the Earth's surface?\n1. Water\n2. Bare rock\n3. Farm land\n4. Cities and towns\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What covers most of the Earth's surface?", "choices": {"text": ["Water", "Bare rock", "Farm land", "Cities and towns"], "label": ["G", "W", "Z", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: What covers most of the Earth's surface?\nG. Water\nW. Bare rock\nZ. Farm land\nR. Cities and towns\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What covers most of the Earth's surface?", "choices": {"text": ["Cities and towns", "Farm land", "Bare rock", "Water"], "label": ["G", "W", "Z", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: What covers most of the Earth's surface?\nG. Cities and towns\nW. Farm land\nZ. Bare rock\nR. Water\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3174}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401120", "question": "Which tool is best used to observe a soil sample?", "choices": {"text": ["camera", "compass", "hand lens", "telescope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool is best used to observe a soil sample?\nA. camera\nB. compass\nC. hand lens\nD. telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool is best used to observe a soil sample?", "choices": {"text": ["telescope", "hand lens", "camera", "compass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool is best used to observe a soil sample?\nA. telescope\nB. hand lens\nC. camera\nD. compass\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool is best used to observe a soil sample?", "choices": {"text": ["camera", "compass", "hand lens", "telescope"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool is best used to observe a soil sample?\n1. camera\n2. compass\n3. hand lens\n4. telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool is best used to observe a soil sample?", "choices": {"text": ["camera", "compass", "hand lens", "telescope"], "label": ["K", "A", "P", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool is best used to observe a soil sample?\nK. camera\nA. compass\nP. hand lens\nO. telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool is best used to observe a soil sample?", "choices": {"text": ["telescope", "hand lens", "camera", "compass"], "label": ["K", "A", "P", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool is best used to observe a soil sample?\nK. telescope\nA. hand lens\nP. camera\nO. compass\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3175}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_407132", "question": "A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?", "choices": {"text": ["Fog is rising from the lake.", "The water is too cold for swimming.", "The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.", "The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?\nA. Fog is rising from the lake.\nB. The water is too cold for swimming.\nC. The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.\nD. The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?", "choices": {"text": ["The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.", "Fog is rising from the lake.", "The water is too cold for swimming.", "The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?\nA. The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.\nB. Fog is rising from the lake.\nC. The water is too cold for swimming.\nD. The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?", "choices": {"text": ["Fog is rising from the lake.", "The water is too cold for swimming.", "The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.", "The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?\n1. Fog is rising from the lake.\n2. The water is too cold for swimming.\n3. The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.\n4. The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?", "choices": {"text": ["Fog is rising from the lake.", "The water is too cold for swimming.", "The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.", "The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out."], "label": ["S", "M", "X", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?\nS. Fog is rising from the lake.\nM. The water is too cold for swimming.\nX. The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.\nL. The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?", "choices": {"text": ["The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.", "Fog is rising from the lake.", "The water is too cold for swimming.", "The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out."], "label": ["S", "M", "X", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student walks along a trail by a lake on a cool summer morning. Which statement is an observation the student could make?\nS. The water is cold because it comes from melted snow.\nM. Fog is rising from the lake.\nX. The water is too cold for swimming.\nL. The temperature of the air is rising because the Sun is out.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3176}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7074988", "question": "Eating food that is undercooked can lead to a disease that affects the digestive system. Which body part is directly affected by the disease?", "choices": {"text": ["intestines", "arteries", "nerves", "sinuses"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eating food that is undercooked can lead to a disease that affects the digestive system. Which body part is directly affected by the disease?\nA. intestines\nB. arteries\nC. nerves\nD. sinuses\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Eating food that is undercooked can lead to a disease that affects the digestive system. Which body part is directly affected by the disease?", "choices": {"text": ["arteries", "intestines", "sinuses", "nerves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eating food that is undercooked can lead to a disease that affects the digestive system. Which body part is directly affected by the disease?\nA. arteries\nB. intestines\nC. sinuses\nD. nerves\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Eating food that is undercooked can lead to a disease that affects the digestive system. Which body part is directly affected by the disease?", "choices": {"text": ["intestines", "arteries", "nerves", "sinuses"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eating food that is undercooked can lead to a disease that affects the digestive system. Which body part is directly affected by the disease?\n1. intestines\n2. arteries\n3. nerves\n4. sinuses\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Eating food that is undercooked can lead to a disease that affects the digestive system. Which body part is directly affected by the disease?", "choices": {"text": ["intestines", "arteries", "nerves", "sinuses"], "label": ["Z", "M", "N", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eating food that is undercooked can lead to a disease that affects the digestive system. Which body part is directly affected by the disease?\nZ. intestines\nM. arteries\nN. nerves\nU. sinuses\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Eating food that is undercooked can lead to a disease that affects the digestive system. Which body part is directly affected by the disease?", "choices": {"text": ["arteries", "intestines", "sinuses", "nerves"], "label": ["Z", "M", "N", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eating food that is undercooked can lead to a disease that affects the digestive system. Which body part is directly affected by the disease?\nZ. arteries\nM. intestines\nN. sinuses\nU. nerves\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3177}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7227798", "question": "Which property supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic mitochondria were once prokaryotic organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["They lack genetic material.", "They lack a mechanism of motility.", "They lack internal membrane-bound organelles.", "They lack a need for proteins in their life functions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic mitochondria were once prokaryotic organisms?\nA. They lack genetic material.\nB. They lack a mechanism of motility.\nC. They lack internal membrane-bound organelles.\nD. They lack a need for proteins in their life functions.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic mitochondria were once prokaryotic organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["They lack internal membrane-bound organelles.", "They lack a need for proteins in their life functions.", "They lack genetic material.", "They lack a mechanism of motility."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic mitochondria were once prokaryotic organisms?\nA. They lack internal membrane-bound organelles.\nB. They lack a need for proteins in their life functions.\nC. They lack genetic material.\nD. They lack a mechanism of motility.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic mitochondria were once prokaryotic organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["They lack genetic material.", "They lack a mechanism of motility.", "They lack internal membrane-bound organelles.", "They lack a need for proteins in their life functions."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic mitochondria were once prokaryotic organisms?\n1. They lack genetic material.\n2. They lack a mechanism of motility.\n3. They lack internal membrane-bound organelles.\n4. They lack a need for proteins in their life functions.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic mitochondria were once prokaryotic organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["They lack genetic material.", "They lack a mechanism of motility.", "They lack internal membrane-bound organelles.", "They lack a need for proteins in their life functions."], "label": ["I", "R", "B", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic mitochondria were once prokaryotic organisms?\nI. They lack genetic material.\nR. They lack a mechanism of motility.\nB. They lack internal membrane-bound organelles.\nZ. They lack a need for proteins in their life functions.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic mitochondria were once prokaryotic organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["They lack internal membrane-bound organelles.", "They lack a need for proteins in their life functions.", "They lack genetic material.", "They lack a mechanism of motility."], "label": ["I", "R", "B", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property supports the hypothesis that eukaryotic mitochondria were once prokaryotic organisms?\nI. They lack internal membrane-bound organelles.\nR. They lack a need for proteins in their life functions.\nB. They lack genetic material.\nZ. They lack a mechanism of motility.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3178}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401827", "question": "Metals that easily transfer electricity are called", "choices": {"text": ["resistors.", "magnets.", "insulators.", "conductors."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Metals that easily transfer electricity are called\nA. resistors.\nB. magnets.\nC. insulators.\nD. conductors.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Metals that easily transfer electricity are called", "choices": {"text": ["resistors.", "insulators.", "conductors.", "magnets."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Metals that easily transfer electricity are called\nA. resistors.\nB. insulators.\nC. conductors.\nD. magnets.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Metals that easily transfer electricity are called", "choices": {"text": ["resistors.", "magnets.", "insulators.", "conductors."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Metals that easily transfer electricity are called\n1. resistors.\n2. magnets.\n3. insulators.\n4. conductors.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Metals that easily transfer electricity are called", "choices": {"text": ["resistors.", "magnets.", "insulators.", "conductors."], "label": ["R", "L", "I", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Metals that easily transfer electricity are called\nR. resistors.\nL. magnets.\nI. insulators.\nX. conductors.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Metals that easily transfer electricity are called", "choices": {"text": ["resistors.", "insulators.", "conductors.", "magnets."], "label": ["R", "L", "I", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Metals that easily transfer electricity are called\nR. resistors.\nL. insulators.\nI. conductors.\nX. magnets.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3179}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401403", "question": "Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?\nA. the carbon cycle\nB. the nitrogen cycle\nC. the water cycle\nD. the rock cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["the rock cycle", "the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?\nA. the rock cycle\nB. the carbon cycle\nC. the nitrogen cycle\nD. the water cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?\n1. the carbon cycle\n2. the nitrogen cycle\n3. the water cycle\n4. the rock cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle"], "label": ["Z", "E", "W", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?\nZ. the carbon cycle\nE. the nitrogen cycle\nW. the water cycle\nM. the rock cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["the rock cycle", "the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle"], "label": ["Z", "E", "W", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?\nZ. the rock cycle\nE. the carbon cycle\nW. the nitrogen cycle\nM. the water cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3180}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2010_5_19", "question": "The Statue of Liberty was built in France and then taken apart into 350 pieces for shipping. When the pieces arrived in New York, the statue was put together. Which statement describes the relationship between the mass of the 350 pieces and the mass of the whole statue?", "choices": {"text": ["The mass of the pieces is greater than the mass of the statue.", "The mass of the pieces is the same as the mass of the statue.", "The mass of the statue is greater than the mass of the pieces.", "The mass of the statue is not related to the mass of the pieces."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Statue of Liberty was built in France and then taken apart into 350 pieces for shipping. When the pieces arrived in New York, the statue was put together. Which statement describes the relationship between the mass of the 350 pieces and the mass of the whole statue?\nA. The mass of the pieces is greater than the mass of the statue.\nB. The mass of the pieces is the same as the mass of the statue.\nC. The mass of the statue is greater than the mass of the pieces.\nD. The mass of the statue is not related to the mass of the pieces.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Statue of Liberty was built in France and then taken apart into 350 pieces for shipping. When the pieces arrived in New York, the statue was put together. Which statement describes the relationship between the mass of the 350 pieces and the mass of the whole statue?", "choices": {"text": ["The mass of the pieces is greater than the mass of the statue.", "The mass of the statue is not related to the mass of the pieces.", "The mass of the pieces is the same as the mass of the statue.", "The mass of the statue is greater than the mass of the pieces."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Statue of Liberty was built in France and then taken apart into 350 pieces for shipping. When the pieces arrived in New York, the statue was put together. Which statement describes the relationship between the mass of the 350 pieces and the mass of the whole statue?\nA. The mass of the pieces is greater than the mass of the statue.\nB. The mass of the statue is not related to the mass of the pieces.\nC. The mass of the pieces is the same as the mass of the statue.\nD. The mass of the statue is greater than the mass of the pieces.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Statue of Liberty was built in France and then taken apart into 350 pieces for shipping. When the pieces arrived in New York, the statue was put together. Which statement describes the relationship between the mass of the 350 pieces and the mass of the whole statue?", "choices": {"text": ["The mass of the pieces is greater than the mass of the statue.", "The mass of the pieces is the same as the mass of the statue.", "The mass of the statue is greater than the mass of the pieces.", "The mass of the statue is not related to the mass of the pieces."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Statue of Liberty was built in France and then taken apart into 350 pieces for shipping. When the pieces arrived in New York, the statue was put together. Which statement describes the relationship between the mass of the 350 pieces and the mass of the whole statue?\n1. The mass of the pieces is greater than the mass of the statue.\n2. The mass of the pieces is the same as the mass of the statue.\n3. The mass of the statue is greater than the mass of the pieces.\n4. The mass of the statue is not related to the mass of the pieces.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Statue of Liberty was built in France and then taken apart into 350 pieces for shipping. When the pieces arrived in New York, the statue was put together. Which statement describes the relationship between the mass of the 350 pieces and the mass of the whole statue?", "choices": {"text": ["The mass of the pieces is greater than the mass of the statue.", "The mass of the pieces is the same as the mass of the statue.", "The mass of the statue is greater than the mass of the pieces.", "The mass of the statue is not related to the mass of the pieces."], "label": ["O", "U", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Statue of Liberty was built in France and then taken apart into 350 pieces for shipping. When the pieces arrived in New York, the statue was put together. Which statement describes the relationship between the mass of the 350 pieces and the mass of the whole statue?\nO. The mass of the pieces is greater than the mass of the statue.\nU. The mass of the pieces is the same as the mass of the statue.\nX. The mass of the statue is greater than the mass of the pieces.\nK. The mass of the statue is not related to the mass of the pieces.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Statue of Liberty was built in France and then taken apart into 350 pieces for shipping. When the pieces arrived in New York, the statue was put together. Which statement describes the relationship between the mass of the 350 pieces and the mass of the whole statue?", "choices": {"text": ["The mass of the pieces is greater than the mass of the statue.", "The mass of the statue is not related to the mass of the pieces.", "The mass of the pieces is the same as the mass of the statue.", "The mass of the statue is greater than the mass of the pieces."], "label": ["O", "U", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Statue of Liberty was built in France and then taken apart into 350 pieces for shipping. When the pieces arrived in New York, the statue was put together. Which statement describes the relationship between the mass of the 350 pieces and the mass of the whole statue?\nO. The mass of the pieces is greater than the mass of the statue.\nU. The mass of the statue is not related to the mass of the pieces.\nX. The mass of the pieces is the same as the mass of the statue.\nK. The mass of the statue is greater than the mass of the pieces.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3181}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2014_5_12", "question": "Which statement describes the weather when water droplets in clouds become heavy and the temperature is 20°C (68°F)?", "choices": {"text": ["It is clear and breezy.", "It is raining.", "It is snowing.", "It is sunny and clear."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the weather when water droplets in clouds become heavy and the temperature is 20°C (68°F)?\nA. It is clear and breezy.\nB. It is raining.\nC. It is snowing.\nD. It is sunny and clear.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the weather when water droplets in clouds become heavy and the temperature is 20°C (68°F)?", "choices": {"text": ["It is raining.", "It is snowing.", "It is sunny and clear.", "It is clear and breezy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the weather when water droplets in clouds become heavy and the temperature is 20°C (68°F)?\nA. It is raining.\nB. It is snowing.\nC. It is sunny and clear.\nD. It is clear and breezy.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the weather when water droplets in clouds become heavy and the temperature is 20°C (68°F)?", "choices": {"text": ["It is clear and breezy.", "It is raining.", "It is snowing.", "It is sunny and clear."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the weather when water droplets in clouds become heavy and the temperature is 20°C (68°F)?\n1. It is clear and breezy.\n2. It is raining.\n3. It is snowing.\n4. It is sunny and clear.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the weather when water droplets in clouds become heavy and the temperature is 20°C (68°F)?", "choices": {"text": ["It is clear and breezy.", "It is raining.", "It is snowing.", "It is sunny and clear."], "label": ["Y", "G", "I", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the weather when water droplets in clouds become heavy and the temperature is 20°C (68°F)?\nY. It is clear and breezy.\nG. It is raining.\nI. It is snowing.\nZ. It is sunny and clear.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the weather when water droplets in clouds become heavy and the temperature is 20°C (68°F)?", "choices": {"text": ["It is raining.", "It is snowing.", "It is sunny and clear.", "It is clear and breezy."], "label": ["Y", "G", "I", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the weather when water droplets in clouds become heavy and the temperature is 20°C (68°F)?\nY. It is raining.\nG. It is snowing.\nI. It is sunny and clear.\nZ. It is clear and breezy.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3182}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2012_5_22", "question": "Scientists use different tools during their investigations. What tool does a scientist use to study cells?", "choices": {"text": ["a balance", "a microscope", "a centimeter ruler", "a graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists use different tools during their investigations. What tool does a scientist use to study cells?\nA. a balance\nB. a microscope\nC. a centimeter ruler\nD. a graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists use different tools during their investigations. What tool does a scientist use to study cells?", "choices": {"text": ["a microscope", "a centimeter ruler", "a balance", "a graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists use different tools during their investigations. What tool does a scientist use to study cells?\nA. a microscope\nB. a centimeter ruler\nC. a balance\nD. a graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists use different tools during their investigations. What tool does a scientist use to study cells?", "choices": {"text": ["a balance", "a microscope", "a centimeter ruler", "a graduated cylinder"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists use different tools during their investigations. What tool does a scientist use to study cells?\n1. a balance\n2. a microscope\n3. a centimeter ruler\n4. a graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists use different tools during their investigations. What tool does a scientist use to study cells?", "choices": {"text": ["a balance", "a microscope", "a centimeter ruler", "a graduated cylinder"], "label": ["S", "U", "G", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists use different tools during their investigations. What tool does a scientist use to study cells?\nS. a balance\nU. a microscope\nG. a centimeter ruler\nI. a graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists use different tools during their investigations. What tool does a scientist use to study cells?", "choices": {"text": ["a microscope", "a centimeter ruler", "a balance", "a graduated cylinder"], "label": ["S", "U", "G", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists use different tools during their investigations. What tool does a scientist use to study cells?\nS. a microscope\nU. a centimeter ruler\nG. a balance\nI. a graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3183}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407577", "question": "Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?", "choices": {"text": ["sharp claws", "curved beaks", "large, yellow eyes", "thick, white feathers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?\nA. sharp claws\nB. curved beaks\nC. large, yellow eyes\nD. thick, white feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?", "choices": {"text": ["thick, white feathers", "large, yellow eyes", "curved beaks", "sharp claws"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?\nA. thick, white feathers\nB. large, yellow eyes\nC. curved beaks\nD. sharp claws\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?", "choices": {"text": ["sharp claws", "curved beaks", "large, yellow eyes", "thick, white feathers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?\n1. sharp claws\n2. curved beaks\n3. large, yellow eyes\n4. thick, white feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?", "choices": {"text": ["sharp claws", "curved beaks", "large, yellow eyes", "thick, white feathers"], "label": ["T", "H", "O", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?\nT. sharp claws\nH. curved beaks\nO. large, yellow eyes\nE. thick, white feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?", "choices": {"text": ["thick, white feathers", "large, yellow eyes", "curved beaks", "sharp claws"], "label": ["T", "H", "O", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Snowy owls live in very cold areas. Which adaptation is most likely a result of living in this type of environment?\nT. thick, white feathers\nH. large, yellow eyes\nO. curved beaks\nE. sharp claws\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3184}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_401760", "question": "Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) will neutralize stomach acid (HCl) in a double replacement reaction as follows: NaHCO_{3} + HCl -> NaCl + CO_{2} + \\Box What is the product necessary to make this reaction complete?", "choices": {"text": ["2HO", "HO_{2}", "H_{2}O_{2}", "H_{2}O"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) will neutralize stomach acid (HCl) in a double replacement reaction as follows: NaHCO_{3} + HCl -> NaCl + CO_{2} + \\Box What is the product necessary to make this reaction complete?\nA. 2HO\nB. HO_{2}\nC. H_{2}O_{2}\nD. H_{2}O\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) will neutralize stomach acid (HCl) in a double replacement reaction as follows: NaHCO_{3} + HCl -> NaCl + CO_{2} + \\Box What is the product necessary to make this reaction complete?", "choices": {"text": ["HO_{2}", "2HO", "H_{2}O", "H_{2}O_{2}"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) will neutralize stomach acid (HCl) in a double replacement reaction as follows: NaHCO_{3} + HCl -> NaCl + CO_{2} + \\Box What is the product necessary to make this reaction complete?\nA. HO_{2}\nB. 2HO\nC. H_{2}O\nD. H_{2}O_{2}\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) will neutralize stomach acid (HCl) in a double replacement reaction as follows: NaHCO_{3} + HCl -> NaCl + CO_{2} + \\Box What is the product necessary to make this reaction complete?", "choices": {"text": ["2HO", "HO_{2}", "H_{2}O_{2}", "H_{2}O"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) will neutralize stomach acid (HCl) in a double replacement reaction as follows: NaHCO_{3} + HCl -> NaCl + CO_{2} + \\Box What is the product necessary to make this reaction complete?\n1. 2HO\n2. HO_{2}\n3. H_{2}O_{2}\n4. H_{2}O\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) will neutralize stomach acid (HCl) in a double replacement reaction as follows: NaHCO_{3} + HCl -> NaCl + CO_{2} + \\Box What is the product necessary to make this reaction complete?", "choices": {"text": ["2HO", "HO_{2}", "H_{2}O_{2}", "H_{2}O"], "label": ["D", "R", "H", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) will neutralize stomach acid (HCl) in a double replacement reaction as follows: NaHCO_{3} + HCl -> NaCl + CO_{2} + \\Box What is the product necessary to make this reaction complete?\nD. 2HO\nR. HO_{2}\nH. H_{2}O_{2}\nI. H_{2}O\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) will neutralize stomach acid (HCl) in a double replacement reaction as follows: NaHCO_{3} + HCl -> NaCl + CO_{2} + \\Box What is the product necessary to make this reaction complete?", "choices": {"text": ["HO_{2}", "2HO", "H_{2}O", "H_{2}O_{2}"], "label": ["D", "R", "H", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) will neutralize stomach acid (HCl) in a double replacement reaction as follows: NaHCO_{3} + HCl -> NaCl + CO_{2} + \\Box What is the product necessary to make this reaction complete?\nD. HO_{2}\nR. 2HO\nH. H_{2}O\nI. H_{2}O_{2}\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3185}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_33", "question": "Heat transfer by conduction occurs when molecules", "choices": {"text": ["flow as currents through liquids", "form waves that travel through space", "become less dense and rise", "collide with other molecules"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Heat transfer by conduction occurs when molecules\nA. flow as currents through liquids\nB. form waves that travel through space\nC. become less dense and rise\nD. collide with other molecules\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Heat transfer by conduction occurs when molecules", "choices": {"text": ["form waves that travel through space", "become less dense and rise", "collide with other molecules", "flow as currents through liquids"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Heat transfer by conduction occurs when molecules\nA. form waves that travel through space\nB. become less dense and rise\nC. collide with other molecules\nD. flow as currents through liquids\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Heat transfer by conduction occurs when molecules", "choices": {"text": ["flow as currents through liquids", "form waves that travel through space", "become less dense and rise", "collide with other molecules"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Heat transfer by conduction occurs when molecules\n1. flow as currents through liquids\n2. form waves that travel through space\n3. become less dense and rise\n4. collide with other molecules\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Heat transfer by conduction occurs when molecules", "choices": {"text": ["flow as currents through liquids", "form waves that travel through space", "become less dense and rise", "collide with other molecules"], "label": ["Z", "H", "U", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Heat transfer by conduction occurs when molecules\nZ. flow as currents through liquids\nH. form waves that travel through space\nU. become less dense and rise\nT. collide with other molecules\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Heat transfer by conduction occurs when molecules", "choices": {"text": ["form waves that travel through space", "become less dense and rise", "collide with other molecules", "flow as currents through liquids"], "label": ["Z", "H", "U", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Heat transfer by conduction occurs when molecules\nZ. form waves that travel through space\nH. become less dense and rise\nU. collide with other molecules\nT. flow as currents through liquids\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3186}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_8_pg34", "question": "The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves", "choices": {"text": ["that travel through the object", "that are absorbed by the object", "that are reflected by the object", "that travel around the object"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves\nA. that travel through the object\nB. that are absorbed by the object\nC. that are reflected by the object\nD. that travel around the object\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves", "choices": {"text": ["that travel through the object", "that are reflected by the object", "that travel around the object", "that are absorbed by the object"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves\nA. that travel through the object\nB. that are reflected by the object\nC. that travel around the object\nD. that are absorbed by the object\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves", "choices": {"text": ["that travel through the object", "that are absorbed by the object", "that are reflected by the object", "that travel around the object"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves\n1. that travel through the object\n2. that are absorbed by the object\n3. that are reflected by the object\n4. that travel around the object\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves", "choices": {"text": ["that travel through the object", "that are absorbed by the object", "that are reflected by the object", "that travel around the object"], "label": ["V", "R", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves\nV. that travel through the object\nR. that are absorbed by the object\nO. that are reflected by the object\nJ. that travel around the object\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves", "choices": {"text": ["that travel through the object", "that are reflected by the object", "that travel around the object", "that are absorbed by the object"], "label": ["V", "R", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: The color of an object such as an apple is the same as the color the light waves\nV. that travel through the object\nR. that are reflected by the object\nO. that travel around the object\nJ. that are absorbed by the object\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3187}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7090633", "question": "What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?", "choices": {"text": ["convection currents in the mantle", "volcanic and seismic activity in the crust", "strong winds and storms", "rotation of the solid core"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?\nA. convection currents in the mantle\nB. volcanic and seismic activity in the crust\nC. strong winds and storms\nD. rotation of the solid core\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic and seismic activity in the crust", "rotation of the solid core", "strong winds and storms", "convection currents in the mantle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?\nA. volcanic and seismic activity in the crust\nB. rotation of the solid core\nC. strong winds and storms\nD. convection currents in the mantle\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?", "choices": {"text": ["convection currents in the mantle", "volcanic and seismic activity in the crust", "strong winds and storms", "rotation of the solid core"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?\n1. convection currents in the mantle\n2. volcanic and seismic activity in the crust\n3. strong winds and storms\n4. rotation of the solid core\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?", "choices": {"text": ["convection currents in the mantle", "volcanic and seismic activity in the crust", "strong winds and storms", "rotation of the solid core"], "label": ["B", "H", "Z", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?\nB. convection currents in the mantle\nH. volcanic and seismic activity in the crust\nZ. strong winds and storms\nA. rotation of the solid core\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic and seismic activity in the crust", "rotation of the solid core", "strong winds and storms", "convection currents in the mantle"], "label": ["B", "H", "Z", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes the tectonic plates of Earth to continually move?\nB. volcanic and seismic activity in the crust\nH. rotation of the solid core\nZ. strong winds and storms\nA. convection currents in the mantle\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3188}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_404924", "question": "Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?", "choices": {"text": ["compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition", "compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation", "weathering, deposition, cementation, burial", "weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?\nA. compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition\nB. compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation\nC. weathering, deposition, cementation, burial\nD. weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?", "choices": {"text": ["compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation", "weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction", "compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition", "weathering, deposition, cementation, burial"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?\nA. compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation\nB. weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction\nC. compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition\nD. weathering, deposition, cementation, burial\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?", "choices": {"text": ["compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition", "compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation", "weathering, deposition, cementation, burial", "weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?\n1. compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition\n2. compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation\n3. weathering, deposition, cementation, burial\n4. weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?", "choices": {"text": ["compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition", "compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation", "weathering, deposition, cementation, burial", "weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction"], "label": ["V", "J", "Z", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?\nV. compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition\nJ. compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation\nZ. weathering, deposition, cementation, burial\nB. weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?", "choices": {"text": ["compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation", "weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction", "compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition", "weathering, deposition, cementation, burial"], "label": ["V", "J", "Z", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the correct order in the process of sedimentary rock formation?\nV. compaction, weathering, erosion, cementation\nJ. weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction\nZ. compaction, erosion, cementation, deposition\nB. weathering, deposition, cementation, burial\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3189}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7218488", "question": "The discovery of tectonic plates and the cause of their movement is best described as a result of which scientific procedure?", "choices": {"text": ["direct observation of the important properties of the Earth system", "controlled laboratory experimentation on a simulation of geological systems", "methodical testing of a valid hypothesis statement", "inquiry into the causes of observed geological phenomena"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The discovery of tectonic plates and the cause of their movement is best described as a result of which scientific procedure?\nA. direct observation of the important properties of the Earth system\nB. controlled laboratory experimentation on a simulation of geological systems\nC. methodical testing of a valid hypothesis statement\nD. inquiry into the causes of observed geological phenomena\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The discovery of tectonic plates and the cause of their movement is best described as a result of which scientific procedure?", "choices": {"text": ["methodical testing of a valid hypothesis statement", "direct observation of the important properties of the Earth system", "inquiry into the causes of observed geological phenomena", "controlled laboratory experimentation on a simulation of geological systems"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The discovery of tectonic plates and the cause of their movement is best described as a result of which scientific procedure?\nA. methodical testing of a valid hypothesis statement\nB. direct observation of the important properties of the Earth system\nC. inquiry into the causes of observed geological phenomena\nD. controlled laboratory experimentation on a simulation of geological systems\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The discovery of tectonic plates and the cause of their movement is best described as a result of which scientific procedure?", "choices": {"text": ["direct observation of the important properties of the Earth system", "controlled laboratory experimentation on a simulation of geological systems", "methodical testing of a valid hypothesis statement", "inquiry into the causes of observed geological phenomena"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The discovery of tectonic plates and the cause of their movement is best described as a result of which scientific procedure?\n1. direct observation of the important properties of the Earth system\n2. controlled laboratory experimentation on a simulation of geological systems\n3. methodical testing of a valid hypothesis statement\n4. inquiry into the causes of observed geological phenomena\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The discovery of tectonic plates and the cause of their movement is best described as a result of which scientific procedure?", "choices": {"text": ["direct observation of the important properties of the Earth system", "controlled laboratory experimentation on a simulation of geological systems", "methodical testing of a valid hypothesis statement", "inquiry into the causes of observed geological phenomena"], "label": ["W", "K", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The discovery of tectonic plates and the cause of their movement is best described as a result of which scientific procedure?\nW. direct observation of the important properties of the Earth system\nK. controlled laboratory experimentation on a simulation of geological systems\nD. methodical testing of a valid hypothesis statement\nB. inquiry into the causes of observed geological phenomena\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The discovery of tectonic plates and the cause of their movement is best described as a result of which scientific procedure?", "choices": {"text": ["methodical testing of a valid hypothesis statement", "direct observation of the important properties of the Earth system", "inquiry into the causes of observed geological phenomena", "controlled laboratory experimentation on a simulation of geological systems"], "label": ["W", "K", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The discovery of tectonic plates and the cause of their movement is best described as a result of which scientific procedure?\nW. methodical testing of a valid hypothesis statement\nK. direct observation of the important properties of the Earth system\nD. inquiry into the causes of observed geological phenomena\nB. controlled laboratory experimentation on a simulation of geological systems\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3190}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_12", "question": "Cancer is most often the result of", "choices": {"text": ["abnormal cell division", "natural selection", "bacterial infection", "biological adaptation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cancer is most often the result of\nA. abnormal cell division\nB. natural selection\nC. bacterial infection\nD. biological adaptation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Cancer is most often the result of", "choices": {"text": ["biological adaptation", "bacterial infection", "natural selection", "abnormal cell division"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cancer is most often the result of\nA. biological adaptation\nB. bacterial infection\nC. natural selection\nD. abnormal cell division\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Cancer is most often the result of", "choices": {"text": ["abnormal cell division", "natural selection", "bacterial infection", "biological adaptation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cancer is most often the result of\n1. abnormal cell division\n2. natural selection\n3. bacterial infection\n4. biological adaptation\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cancer is most often the result of", "choices": {"text": ["abnormal cell division", "natural selection", "bacterial infection", "biological adaptation"], "label": ["R", "E", "M", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cancer is most often the result of\nR. abnormal cell division\nE. natural selection\nM. bacterial infection\nP. biological adaptation\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cancer is most often the result of", "choices": {"text": ["biological adaptation", "bacterial infection", "natural selection", "abnormal cell division"], "label": ["R", "E", "M", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cancer is most often the result of\nR. biological adaptation\nE. bacterial infection\nM. natural selection\nP. abnormal cell division\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3191}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2011_4_16", "question": "All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Food provides skin color.", "Food provides oxygen for life.", "Food provides water for energy.", "Food provides energy for growth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?\nA. Food provides skin color.\nB. Food provides oxygen for life.\nC. Food provides water for energy.\nD. Food provides energy for growth.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Food provides energy for growth.", "Food provides skin color.", "Food provides oxygen for life.", "Food provides water for energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?\nA. Food provides energy for growth.\nB. Food provides skin color.\nC. Food provides oxygen for life.\nD. Food provides water for energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Food provides skin color.", "Food provides oxygen for life.", "Food provides water for energy.", "Food provides energy for growth."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?\n1. Food provides skin color.\n2. Food provides oxygen for life.\n3. Food provides water for energy.\n4. Food provides energy for growth.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Food provides skin color.", "Food provides oxygen for life.", "Food provides water for energy.", "Food provides energy for growth."], "label": ["K", "X", "B", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?\nK. Food provides skin color.\nX. Food provides oxygen for life.\nB. Food provides water for energy.\nP. Food provides energy for growth.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Food provides energy for growth.", "Food provides skin color.", "Food provides oxygen for life.", "Food provides water for energy."], "label": ["K", "X", "B", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: All organisms need food to survive. Which statement best describes the purpose of food for organisms?\nK. Food provides energy for growth.\nX. Food provides skin color.\nB. Food provides oxygen for life.\nP. Food provides water for energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3192}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_3_33", "question": "Soil is important to a forest because the soil ___.", "choices": {"text": ["stores sunlight in the leaves", "attracts insects that eat leaves", "provides nutrients to the trees", "warms the air around the trees"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil is important to a forest because the soil ___.\nA. stores sunlight in the leaves\nB. attracts insects that eat leaves\nC. provides nutrients to the trees\nD. warms the air around the trees\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil is important to a forest because the soil ___.", "choices": {"text": ["warms the air around the trees", "provides nutrients to the trees", "stores sunlight in the leaves", "attracts insects that eat leaves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil is important to a forest because the soil ___.\nA. warms the air around the trees\nB. provides nutrients to the trees\nC. stores sunlight in the leaves\nD. attracts insects that eat leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil is important to a forest because the soil ___.", "choices": {"text": ["stores sunlight in the leaves", "attracts insects that eat leaves", "provides nutrients to the trees", "warms the air around the trees"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil is important to a forest because the soil ___.\n1. stores sunlight in the leaves\n2. attracts insects that eat leaves\n3. provides nutrients to the trees\n4. warms the air around the trees\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil is important to a forest because the soil ___.", "choices": {"text": ["stores sunlight in the leaves", "attracts insects that eat leaves", "provides nutrients to the trees", "warms the air around the trees"], "label": ["O", "U", "F", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil is important to a forest because the soil ___.\nO. stores sunlight in the leaves\nU. attracts insects that eat leaves\nF. provides nutrients to the trees\nZ. warms the air around the trees\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil is important to a forest because the soil ___.", "choices": {"text": ["warms the air around the trees", "provides nutrients to the trees", "stores sunlight in the leaves", "attracts insects that eat leaves"], "label": ["O", "U", "F", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil is important to a forest because the soil ___.\nO. warms the air around the trees\nU. provides nutrients to the trees\nF. stores sunlight in the leaves\nZ. attracts insects that eat leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3193}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7247853", "question": "How do muscles and bones work together to create body movement?", "choices": {"text": ["The muscles pull on the bones.", "The muscles protect the bones.", "Muscles grow at the same rate as bones.", "Muscles send electrical impulses to bones."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do muscles and bones work together to create body movement?\nA. The muscles pull on the bones.\nB. The muscles protect the bones.\nC. Muscles grow at the same rate as bones.\nD. Muscles send electrical impulses to bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How do muscles and bones work together to create body movement?", "choices": {"text": ["Muscles grow at the same rate as bones.", "Muscles send electrical impulses to bones.", "The muscles pull on the bones.", "The muscles protect the bones."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do muscles and bones work together to create body movement?\nA. Muscles grow at the same rate as bones.\nB. Muscles send electrical impulses to bones.\nC. The muscles pull on the bones.\nD. The muscles protect the bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How do muscles and bones work together to create body movement?", "choices": {"text": ["The muscles pull on the bones.", "The muscles protect the bones.", "Muscles grow at the same rate as bones.", "Muscles send electrical impulses to bones."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do muscles and bones work together to create body movement?\n1. The muscles pull on the bones.\n2. The muscles protect the bones.\n3. Muscles grow at the same rate as bones.\n4. Muscles send electrical impulses to bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do muscles and bones work together to create body movement?", "choices": {"text": ["The muscles pull on the bones.", "The muscles protect the bones.", "Muscles grow at the same rate as bones.", "Muscles send electrical impulses to bones."], "label": ["F", "C", "L", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do muscles and bones work together to create body movement?\nF. The muscles pull on the bones.\nC. The muscles protect the bones.\nL. Muscles grow at the same rate as bones.\nU. Muscles send electrical impulses to bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do muscles and bones work together to create body movement?", "choices": {"text": ["Muscles grow at the same rate as bones.", "Muscles send electrical impulses to bones.", "The muscles pull on the bones.", "The muscles protect the bones."], "label": ["F", "C", "L", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do muscles and bones work together to create body movement?\nF. Muscles grow at the same rate as bones.\nC. Muscles send electrical impulses to bones.\nL. The muscles pull on the bones.\nU. The muscles protect the bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3194}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7094553", "question": "Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["increased digestion rate", "growth of additional teeth", "reduction of respiration rate", "production of more red blood cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?\nA. increased digestion rate\nB. growth of additional teeth\nC. reduction of respiration rate\nD. production of more red blood cells\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["production of more red blood cells", "increased digestion rate", "growth of additional teeth", "reduction of respiration rate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?\nA. production of more red blood cells\nB. increased digestion rate\nC. growth of additional teeth\nD. reduction of respiration rate\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["increased digestion rate", "growth of additional teeth", "reduction of respiration rate", "production of more red blood cells"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?\n1. increased digestion rate\n2. growth of additional teeth\n3. reduction of respiration rate\n4. production of more red blood cells\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["increased digestion rate", "growth of additional teeth", "reduction of respiration rate", "production of more red blood cells"], "label": ["X", "M", "I", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?\nX. increased digestion rate\nM. growth of additional teeth\nI. reduction of respiration rate\nD. production of more red blood cells\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["production of more red blood cells", "increased digestion rate", "growth of additional teeth", "reduction of respiration rate"], "label": ["X", "M", "I", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biologists moved a predator from sea level to a higher altitude, where they noticed that the predator became tired more quickly. If this predator had to live at a higher altitude, which adaptation would be necessary for it to survive?\nX. production of more red blood cells\nM. increased digestion rate\nI. growth of additional teeth\nD. reduction of respiration rate\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3195}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415492", "question": "Ernie made a diagram to model Earth's orbit. What shape is most like what Ernie drew for the orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["square", "oval", "triangle", "rectangle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ernie made a diagram to model Earth's orbit. What shape is most like what Ernie drew for the orbit?\nA. square\nB. oval\nC. triangle\nD. rectangle\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Ernie made a diagram to model Earth's orbit. What shape is most like what Ernie drew for the orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["oval", "rectangle", "triangle", "square"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ernie made a diagram to model Earth's orbit. What shape is most like what Ernie drew for the orbit?\nA. oval\nB. rectangle\nC. triangle\nD. square\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Ernie made a diagram to model Earth's orbit. What shape is most like what Ernie drew for the orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["square", "oval", "triangle", "rectangle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ernie made a diagram to model Earth's orbit. What shape is most like what Ernie drew for the orbit?\n1. square\n2. oval\n3. triangle\n4. rectangle\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ernie made a diagram to model Earth's orbit. What shape is most like what Ernie drew for the orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["square", "oval", "triangle", "rectangle"], "label": ["U", "X", "K", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ernie made a diagram to model Earth's orbit. What shape is most like what Ernie drew for the orbit?\nU. square\nX. oval\nK. triangle\nV. rectangle\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ernie made a diagram to model Earth's orbit. What shape is most like what Ernie drew for the orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["oval", "rectangle", "triangle", "square"], "label": ["U", "X", "K", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ernie made a diagram to model Earth's orbit. What shape is most like what Ernie drew for the orbit?\nU. oval\nX. rectangle\nK. triangle\nV. square\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3196}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7135853", "question": "Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the galaxy", "the shape of the galaxy", "how many stars make up the galaxy", "how many planets make up the galaxy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?\nA. the color of the galaxy\nB. the shape of the galaxy\nC. how many stars make up the galaxy\nD. how many planets make up the galaxy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?", "choices": {"text": ["the shape of the galaxy", "how many planets make up the galaxy", "how many stars make up the galaxy", "the color of the galaxy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?\nA. the shape of the galaxy\nB. how many planets make up the galaxy\nC. how many stars make up the galaxy\nD. the color of the galaxy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the galaxy", "the shape of the galaxy", "how many stars make up the galaxy", "how many planets make up the galaxy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?\n1. the color of the galaxy\n2. the shape of the galaxy\n3. how many stars make up the galaxy\n4. how many planets make up the galaxy\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the galaxy", "the shape of the galaxy", "how many stars make up the galaxy", "how many planets make up the galaxy"], "label": ["X", "S", "K", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?\nX. the color of the galaxy\nS. the shape of the galaxy\nK. how many stars make up the galaxy\nQ. how many planets make up the galaxy\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?", "choices": {"text": ["the shape of the galaxy", "how many planets make up the galaxy", "how many stars make up the galaxy", "the color of the galaxy"], "label": ["X", "S", "K", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Classification of galaxies is based on which characteristic?\nX. the shape of the galaxy\nS. how many planets make up the galaxy\nK. how many stars make up the galaxy\nQ. the color of the galaxy\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3197}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400363", "question": "Which physical characteristic of a puppy is most likely inherited from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["coat color", "desire to play fetch", "body weight", "ability to follow commands"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which physical characteristic of a puppy is most likely inherited from its parents?\nA. coat color\nB. desire to play fetch\nC. body weight\nD. ability to follow commands\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which physical characteristic of a puppy is most likely inherited from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["ability to follow commands", "body weight", "coat color", "desire to play fetch"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which physical characteristic of a puppy is most likely inherited from its parents?\nA. ability to follow commands\nB. body weight\nC. coat color\nD. desire to play fetch\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which physical characteristic of a puppy is most likely inherited from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["coat color", "desire to play fetch", "body weight", "ability to follow commands"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which physical characteristic of a puppy is most likely inherited from its parents?\n1. coat color\n2. desire to play fetch\n3. body weight\n4. ability to follow commands\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which physical characteristic of a puppy is most likely inherited from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["coat color", "desire to play fetch", "body weight", "ability to follow commands"], "label": ["N", "K", "S", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which physical characteristic of a puppy is most likely inherited from its parents?\nN. coat color\nK. desire to play fetch\nS. body weight\nO. ability to follow commands\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which physical characteristic of a puppy is most likely inherited from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["ability to follow commands", "body weight", "coat color", "desire to play fetch"], "label": ["N", "K", "S", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which physical characteristic of a puppy is most likely inherited from its parents?\nN. ability to follow commands\nK. body weight\nS. coat color\nO. desire to play fetch\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3198}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_10", "question": "A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["competition", "natural selection", "selective breeding", "ecological succession"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of\nA. competition\nB. natural selection\nC. selective breeding\nD. ecological succession\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "natural selection", "competition", "ecological succession"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of\nA. selective breeding\nB. natural selection\nC. competition\nD. ecological succession\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["competition", "natural selection", "selective breeding", "ecological succession"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of\n1. competition\n2. natural selection\n3. selective breeding\n4. ecological succession\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["competition", "natural selection", "selective breeding", "ecological succession"], "label": ["E", "A", "B", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of\nE. competition\nA. natural selection\nB. selective breeding\nY. ecological succession\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "natural selection", "competition", "ecological succession"], "label": ["E", "A", "B", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist crosses two different varieties of corn to produce a single variety that has traits from both parents. This technique is an example of\nE. selective breeding\nA. natural selection\nB. competition\nY. ecological succession\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3199}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415584", "question": "A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?", "choices": {"text": ["The truck that starts moving first is faster.", "The truck that takes less time is faster.", "The truck that has bigger tires is faster.", "The truck that takes more time is faster."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?\nA. The truck that starts moving first is faster.\nB. The truck that takes less time is faster.\nC. The truck that has bigger tires is faster.\nD. The truck that takes more time is faster.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?", "choices": {"text": ["The truck that takes less time is faster.", "The truck that starts moving first is faster.", "The truck that has bigger tires is faster.", "The truck that takes more time is faster."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?\nA. The truck that takes less time is faster.\nB. The truck that starts moving first is faster.\nC. The truck that has bigger tires is faster.\nD. The truck that takes more time is faster.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?", "choices": {"text": ["The truck that starts moving first is faster.", "The truck that takes less time is faster.", "The truck that has bigger tires is faster.", "The truck that takes more time is faster."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?\n1. The truck that starts moving first is faster.\n2. The truck that takes less time is faster.\n3. The truck that has bigger tires is faster.\n4. The truck that takes more time is faster.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?", "choices": {"text": ["The truck that starts moving first is faster.", "The truck that takes less time is faster.", "The truck that has bigger tires is faster.", "The truck that takes more time is faster."], "label": ["E", "L", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?\nE. The truck that starts moving first is faster.\nL. The truck that takes less time is faster.\nN. The truck that has bigger tires is faster.\nJ. The truck that takes more time is faster.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?", "choices": {"text": ["The truck that takes less time is faster.", "The truck that starts moving first is faster.", "The truck that has bigger tires is faster.", "The truck that takes more time is faster."], "label": ["E", "L", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?\nE. The truck that takes less time is faster.\nL. The truck that starts moving first is faster.\nN. The truck that has bigger tires is faster.\nJ. The truck that takes more time is faster.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3200}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg12", "question": "The fossils of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago can be found in", "choices": {"text": ["the water of oceans.", "the ice on ponds.", "the trunks of trees.", "rocks in the ground."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossils of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago can be found in\nA. the water of oceans.\nB. the ice on ponds.\nC. the trunks of trees.\nD. rocks in the ground.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossils of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago can be found in", "choices": {"text": ["the ice on ponds.", "rocks in the ground.", "the water of oceans.", "the trunks of trees."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossils of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago can be found in\nA. the ice on ponds.\nB. rocks in the ground.\nC. the water of oceans.\nD. the trunks of trees.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossils of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago can be found in", "choices": {"text": ["the water of oceans.", "the ice on ponds.", "the trunks of trees.", "rocks in the ground."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossils of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago can be found in\n1. the water of oceans.\n2. the ice on ponds.\n3. the trunks of trees.\n4. rocks in the ground.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossils of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago can be found in", "choices": {"text": ["the water of oceans.", "the ice on ponds.", "the trunks of trees.", "rocks in the ground."], "label": ["L", "V", "O", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossils of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago can be found in\nL. the water of oceans.\nV. the ice on ponds.\nO. the trunks of trees.\nH. rocks in the ground.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossils of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago can be found in", "choices": {"text": ["the ice on ponds.", "rocks in the ground.", "the water of oceans.", "the trunks of trees."], "label": ["L", "V", "O", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossils of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago can be found in\nL. the ice on ponds.\nV. rocks in the ground.\nO. the water of oceans.\nH. the trunks of trees.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3201}
{"arc_id": "AIMS_2008_4_18", "question": "Which of the following contains salt water?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans", "raindrops", "groundwater", "polar icecaps"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following contains salt water?\nA. oceans\nB. raindrops\nC. groundwater\nD. polar icecaps\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following contains salt water?", "choices": {"text": ["raindrops", "groundwater", "oceans", "polar icecaps"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following contains salt water?\nA. raindrops\nB. groundwater\nC. oceans\nD. polar icecaps\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following contains salt water?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans", "raindrops", "groundwater", "polar icecaps"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following contains salt water?\n1. oceans\n2. raindrops\n3. groundwater\n4. polar icecaps\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following contains salt water?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans", "raindrops", "groundwater", "polar icecaps"], "label": ["J", "F", "A", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following contains salt water?\nJ. oceans\nF. raindrops\nA. groundwater\nI. polar icecaps\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following contains salt water?", "choices": {"text": ["raindrops", "groundwater", "oceans", "polar icecaps"], "label": ["J", "F", "A", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following contains salt water?\nJ. raindrops\nF. groundwater\nA. oceans\nI. polar icecaps\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3202}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7246960", "question": "During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?", "choices": {"text": ["proteins", "vitamins", "triglycerides", "carbohydrates"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?\nA. proteins\nB. vitamins\nC. triglycerides\nD. carbohydrates\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?", "choices": {"text": ["carbohydrates", "vitamins", "proteins", "triglycerides"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?\nA. carbohydrates\nB. vitamins\nC. proteins\nD. triglycerides\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?", "choices": {"text": ["proteins", "vitamins", "triglycerides", "carbohydrates"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?\n1. proteins\n2. vitamins\n3. triglycerides\n4. carbohydrates\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?", "choices": {"text": ["proteins", "vitamins", "triglycerides", "carbohydrates"], "label": ["B", "P", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?\nB. proteins\nP. vitamins\nU. triglycerides\nJ. carbohydrates\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?", "choices": {"text": ["carbohydrates", "vitamins", "proteins", "triglycerides"], "label": ["B", "P", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: During digestion, fructose is produced by the breakdown of larger molecules. Which type of molecule could be broken down to increase the body's fructose levels?\nB. carbohydrates\nP. vitamins\nU. proteins\nJ. triglycerides\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3203}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7217350", "question": "Which is the most important reason for scientists to publish their data and findings that result from a scientific investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["to become famous", "to get paid for their research", "to allow other scientists to try to replicate their results", "to gain respect from their peers in the scientific community"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most important reason for scientists to publish their data and findings that result from a scientific investigation?\nA. to become famous\nB. to get paid for their research\nC. to allow other scientists to try to replicate their results\nD. to gain respect from their peers in the scientific community\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most important reason for scientists to publish their data and findings that result from a scientific investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["to allow other scientists to try to replicate their results", "to gain respect from their peers in the scientific community", "to get paid for their research", "to become famous"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most important reason for scientists to publish their data and findings that result from a scientific investigation?\nA. to allow other scientists to try to replicate their results\nB. to gain respect from their peers in the scientific community\nC. to get paid for their research\nD. to become famous\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most important reason for scientists to publish their data and findings that result from a scientific investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["to become famous", "to get paid for their research", "to allow other scientists to try to replicate their results", "to gain respect from their peers in the scientific community"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most important reason for scientists to publish their data and findings that result from a scientific investigation?\n1. to become famous\n2. to get paid for their research\n3. to allow other scientists to try to replicate their results\n4. to gain respect from their peers in the scientific community\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most important reason for scientists to publish their data and findings that result from a scientific investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["to become famous", "to get paid for their research", "to allow other scientists to try to replicate their results", "to gain respect from their peers in the scientific community"], "label": ["Q", "L", "S", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most important reason for scientists to publish their data and findings that result from a scientific investigation?\nQ. to become famous\nL. to get paid for their research\nS. to allow other scientists to try to replicate their results\nN. to gain respect from their peers in the scientific community\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most important reason for scientists to publish their data and findings that result from a scientific investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["to allow other scientists to try to replicate their results", "to gain respect from their peers in the scientific community", "to get paid for their research", "to become famous"], "label": ["Q", "L", "S", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most important reason for scientists to publish their data and findings that result from a scientific investigation?\nQ. to allow other scientists to try to replicate their results\nL. to gain respect from their peers in the scientific community\nS. to get paid for their research\nN. to become famous\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3204}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402052", "question": "Which reflects light?", "choices": {"text": ["mirror", "camera", "telescope", "eyeglasses"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which reflects light?\nA. mirror\nB. camera\nC. telescope\nD. eyeglasses\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which reflects light?", "choices": {"text": ["eyeglasses", "camera", "mirror", "telescope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which reflects light?\nA. eyeglasses\nB. camera\nC. mirror\nD. telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which reflects light?", "choices": {"text": ["mirror", "camera", "telescope", "eyeglasses"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which reflects light?\n1. mirror\n2. camera\n3. telescope\n4. eyeglasses\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which reflects light?", "choices": {"text": ["mirror", "camera", "telescope", "eyeglasses"], "label": ["D", "B", "Z", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which reflects light?\nD. mirror\nB. camera\nZ. telescope\nH. eyeglasses\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which reflects light?", "choices": {"text": ["eyeglasses", "camera", "mirror", "telescope"], "label": ["D", "B", "Z", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which reflects light?\nD. eyeglasses\nB. camera\nZ. mirror\nH. telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3205}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2003_8_5", "question": "Which of the following is a necessary condition for a lunar eclipse to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon must be full.", "The Moon must be waxing.", "It must be the beginning of the month.", "It must be winter in the Northern Hemisphere."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a necessary condition for a lunar eclipse to occur?\nA. The Moon must be full.\nB. The Moon must be waxing.\nC. It must be the beginning of the month.\nD. It must be winter in the Northern Hemisphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a necessary condition for a lunar eclipse to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["It must be the beginning of the month.", "The Moon must be waxing.", "The Moon must be full.", "It must be winter in the Northern Hemisphere."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a necessary condition for a lunar eclipse to occur?\nA. It must be the beginning of the month.\nB. The Moon must be waxing.\nC. The Moon must be full.\nD. It must be winter in the Northern Hemisphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a necessary condition for a lunar eclipse to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon must be full.", "The Moon must be waxing.", "It must be the beginning of the month.", "It must be winter in the Northern Hemisphere."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a necessary condition for a lunar eclipse to occur?\n1. The Moon must be full.\n2. The Moon must be waxing.\n3. It must be the beginning of the month.\n4. It must be winter in the Northern Hemisphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a necessary condition for a lunar eclipse to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon must be full.", "The Moon must be waxing.", "It must be the beginning of the month.", "It must be winter in the Northern Hemisphere."], "label": ["B", "C", "L", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a necessary condition for a lunar eclipse to occur?\nB. The Moon must be full.\nC. The Moon must be waxing.\nL. It must be the beginning of the month.\nN. It must be winter in the Northern Hemisphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a necessary condition for a lunar eclipse to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["It must be the beginning of the month.", "The Moon must be waxing.", "The Moon must be full.", "It must be winter in the Northern Hemisphere."], "label": ["B", "C", "L", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a necessary condition for a lunar eclipse to occur?\nB. It must be the beginning of the month.\nC. The Moon must be waxing.\nL. The Moon must be full.\nN. It must be winter in the Northern Hemisphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3206}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7015733", "question": "The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers causes runoff that increases the nitrogen content of lakes and bays. These nitrogen compounds directly affect the aquatic ecosystems by", "choices": {"text": ["interfering with the water cycle.", "decreasing the predator population.", "increasing the rate of algae growth.", "causing aquatic animals to grow larger."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers causes runoff that increases the nitrogen content of lakes and bays. These nitrogen compounds directly affect the aquatic ecosystems by\nA. interfering with the water cycle.\nB. decreasing the predator population.\nC. increasing the rate of algae growth.\nD. causing aquatic animals to grow larger.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers causes runoff that increases the nitrogen content of lakes and bays. These nitrogen compounds directly affect the aquatic ecosystems by", "choices": {"text": ["decreasing the predator population.", "increasing the rate of algae growth.", "causing aquatic animals to grow larger.", "interfering with the water cycle."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers causes runoff that increases the nitrogen content of lakes and bays. These nitrogen compounds directly affect the aquatic ecosystems by\nA. decreasing the predator population.\nB. increasing the rate of algae growth.\nC. causing aquatic animals to grow larger.\nD. interfering with the water cycle.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers causes runoff that increases the nitrogen content of lakes and bays. These nitrogen compounds directly affect the aquatic ecosystems by", "choices": {"text": ["interfering with the water cycle.", "decreasing the predator population.", "increasing the rate of algae growth.", "causing aquatic animals to grow larger."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers causes runoff that increases the nitrogen content of lakes and bays. These nitrogen compounds directly affect the aquatic ecosystems by\n1. interfering with the water cycle.\n2. decreasing the predator population.\n3. increasing the rate of algae growth.\n4. causing aquatic animals to grow larger.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers causes runoff that increases the nitrogen content of lakes and bays. These nitrogen compounds directly affect the aquatic ecosystems by", "choices": {"text": ["interfering with the water cycle.", "decreasing the predator population.", "increasing the rate of algae growth.", "causing aquatic animals to grow larger."], "label": ["K", "M", "D", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers causes runoff that increases the nitrogen content of lakes and bays. These nitrogen compounds directly affect the aquatic ecosystems by\nK. interfering with the water cycle.\nM. decreasing the predator population.\nD. increasing the rate of algae growth.\nV. causing aquatic animals to grow larger.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers causes runoff that increases the nitrogen content of lakes and bays. These nitrogen compounds directly affect the aquatic ecosystems by", "choices": {"text": ["decreasing the predator population.", "increasing the rate of algae growth.", "causing aquatic animals to grow larger.", "interfering with the water cycle."], "label": ["K", "M", "D", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers causes runoff that increases the nitrogen content of lakes and bays. These nitrogen compounds directly affect the aquatic ecosystems by\nK. decreasing the predator population.\nM. increasing the rate of algae growth.\nD. causing aquatic animals to grow larger.\nV. interfering with the water cycle.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3207}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2014_5_12", "question": "A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?", "choices": {"text": ["The wheel weighs less than the rod.", "The wheel weighs more than the rod.", "The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.", "The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?\nA. The wheel weighs less than the rod.\nB. The wheel weighs more than the rod.\nC. The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.\nD. The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?", "choices": {"text": ["The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod.", "The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.", "The wheel weighs less than the rod.", "The wheel weighs more than the rod."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?\nA. The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod.\nB. The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.\nC. The wheel weighs less than the rod.\nD. The wheel weighs more than the rod.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?", "choices": {"text": ["The wheel weighs less than the rod.", "The wheel weighs more than the rod.", "The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.", "The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?\n1. The wheel weighs less than the rod.\n2. The wheel weighs more than the rod.\n3. The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.\n4. The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?", "choices": {"text": ["The wheel weighs less than the rod.", "The wheel weighs more than the rod.", "The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.", "The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod."], "label": ["P", "T", "L", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?\nP. The wheel weighs less than the rod.\nT. The wheel weighs more than the rod.\nL. The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.\nF. The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?", "choices": {"text": ["The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod.", "The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.", "The wheel weighs less than the rod.", "The wheel weighs more than the rod."], "label": ["P", "T", "L", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A blacksmith bends a metal rod into a round wheel. Which statement best describes the wheel?\nP. The wheel is made of a different substance than the rod.\nT. The wheel is made of the same substance as the rod.\nL. The wheel weighs less than the rod.\nF. The wheel weighs more than the rod.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3208}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7214428", "question": "Which moon phase occurs approximately 14 days after a full moon?", "choices": {"text": ["waxing gibbous", "waning crescent", "first quarter", "new moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which moon phase occurs approximately 14 days after a full moon?\nA. waxing gibbous\nB. waning crescent\nC. first quarter\nD. new moon\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which moon phase occurs approximately 14 days after a full moon?", "choices": {"text": ["waxing gibbous", "first quarter", "new moon", "waning crescent"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which moon phase occurs approximately 14 days after a full moon?\nA. waxing gibbous\nB. first quarter\nC. new moon\nD. waning crescent\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which moon phase occurs approximately 14 days after a full moon?", "choices": {"text": ["waxing gibbous", "waning crescent", "first quarter", "new moon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which moon phase occurs approximately 14 days after a full moon?\n1. waxing gibbous\n2. waning crescent\n3. first quarter\n4. new moon\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which moon phase occurs approximately 14 days after a full moon?", "choices": {"text": ["waxing gibbous", "waning crescent", "first quarter", "new moon"], "label": ["U", "N", "V", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which moon phase occurs approximately 14 days after a full moon?\nU. waxing gibbous\nN. waning crescent\nV. first quarter\nQ. new moon\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which moon phase occurs approximately 14 days after a full moon?", "choices": {"text": ["waxing gibbous", "first quarter", "new moon", "waning crescent"], "label": ["U", "N", "V", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which moon phase occurs approximately 14 days after a full moon?\nU. waxing gibbous\nN. first quarter\nV. new moon\nQ. waning crescent\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3209}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405465", "question": "After a person eats, the food is converted into energy by", "choices": {"text": ["muscles.", "tissues.", "bones.", "cells."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a person eats, the food is converted into energy by\nA. muscles.\nB. tissues.\nC. bones.\nD. cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After a person eats, the food is converted into energy by", "choices": {"text": ["cells.", "bones.", "muscles.", "tissues."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a person eats, the food is converted into energy by\nA. cells.\nB. bones.\nC. muscles.\nD. tissues.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After a person eats, the food is converted into energy by", "choices": {"text": ["muscles.", "tissues.", "bones.", "cells."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a person eats, the food is converted into energy by\n1. muscles.\n2. tissues.\n3. bones.\n4. cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a person eats, the food is converted into energy by", "choices": {"text": ["muscles.", "tissues.", "bones.", "cells."], "label": ["A", "Q", "T", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a person eats, the food is converted into energy by\nA. muscles.\nQ. tissues.\nT. bones.\nD. cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a person eats, the food is converted into energy by", "choices": {"text": ["cells.", "bones.", "muscles.", "tissues."], "label": ["A", "Q", "T", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a person eats, the food is converted into energy by\nA. cells.\nQ. bones.\nT. muscles.\nD. tissues.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3210}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7101518", "question": "Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["Perspiration rids the body of excess water.", "Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.", "Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen.", "Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?\nA. Perspiration rids the body of excess water.\nB. Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.\nC. Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen.\nD. Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["Perspiration rids the body of excess water.", "Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature.", "Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.", "Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?\nA. Perspiration rids the body of excess water.\nB. Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature.\nC. Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.\nD. Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["Perspiration rids the body of excess water.", "Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.", "Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen.", "Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?\n1. Perspiration rids the body of excess water.\n2. Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.\n3. Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen.\n4. Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["Perspiration rids the body of excess water.", "Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.", "Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen.", "Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature."], "label": ["R", "H", "W", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?\nR. Perspiration rids the body of excess water.\nH. Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.\nW. Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen.\nO. Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["Perspiration rids the body of excess water.", "Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature.", "Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.", "Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen."], "label": ["R", "H", "W", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the primary role of perspiration in humans?\nR. Perspiration rids the body of excess water.\nH. Perspiration helps to maintain a stable body temperature.\nW. Perspiration eliminates bacteria from the skin.\nO. Perspiration opens skin pores to absorb more oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3211}
{"arc_id": "NAEP_2005_8_S11+11", "question": "A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave?", "choices": {"text": ["Frequency", "Amplitude", "Wavelength", "Speed in air"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave?\nA. Frequency\nB. Amplitude\nC. Wavelength\nD. Speed in air\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave?", "choices": {"text": ["Wavelength", "Frequency", "Speed in air", "Amplitude"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave?\nA. Wavelength\nB. Frequency\nC. Speed in air\nD. Amplitude\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave?", "choices": {"text": ["Frequency", "Amplitude", "Wavelength", "Speed in air"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave?\n1. Frequency\n2. Amplitude\n3. Wavelength\n4. Speed in air\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave?", "choices": {"text": ["Frequency", "Amplitude", "Wavelength", "Speed in air"], "label": ["H", "T", "D", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave?\nH. Frequency\nT. Amplitude\nD. Wavelength\nF. Speed in air\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave?", "choices": {"text": ["Wavelength", "Frequency", "Speed in air", "Amplitude"], "label": ["H", "T", "D", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A person produces two sound waves with a flute, one immediately after the other. Both sound waves have the same pitch, but the second one is louder. Which of the following properties is greater for the second sound wave?\nH. Wavelength\nT. Frequency\nD. Speed in air\nF. Amplitude\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3212}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7005058", "question": "Why is the light year often used to describe distances between objects in the universe?", "choices": {"text": ["because of the way planets reflect light", "because of the great number of bright stars", "because of the way objects rotate and revolve", "because of the large distance between objects in space"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why is the light year often used to describe distances between objects in the universe?\nA. because of the way planets reflect light\nB. because of the great number of bright stars\nC. because of the way objects rotate and revolve\nD. because of the large distance between objects in space\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Why is the light year often used to describe distances between objects in the universe?", "choices": {"text": ["because of the great number of bright stars", "because of the way objects rotate and revolve", "because of the large distance between objects in space", "because of the way planets reflect light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why is the light year often used to describe distances between objects in the universe?\nA. because of the great number of bright stars\nB. because of the way objects rotate and revolve\nC. because of the large distance between objects in space\nD. because of the way planets reflect light\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Why is the light year often used to describe distances between objects in the universe?", "choices": {"text": ["because of the way planets reflect light", "because of the great number of bright stars", "because of the way objects rotate and revolve", "because of the large distance between objects in space"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why is the light year often used to describe distances between objects in the universe?\n1. because of the way planets reflect light\n2. because of the great number of bright stars\n3. because of the way objects rotate and revolve\n4. because of the large distance between objects in space\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why is the light year often used to describe distances between objects in the universe?", "choices": {"text": ["because of the way planets reflect light", "because of the great number of bright stars", "because of the way objects rotate and revolve", "because of the large distance between objects in space"], "label": ["C", "M", "K", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why is the light year often used to describe distances between objects in the universe?\nC. because of the way planets reflect light\nM. because of the great number of bright stars\nK. because of the way objects rotate and revolve\nG. because of the large distance between objects in space\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why is the light year often used to describe distances between objects in the universe?", "choices": {"text": ["because of the great number of bright stars", "because of the way objects rotate and revolve", "because of the large distance between objects in space", "because of the way planets reflect light"], "label": ["C", "M", "K", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why is the light year often used to describe distances between objects in the universe?\nC. because of the great number of bright stars\nM. because of the way objects rotate and revolve\nK. because of the large distance between objects in space\nG. because of the way planets reflect light\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3213}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7058503", "question": "Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["grasses and trees", "rabbits and deer", "lions and alligators", "mushrooms and bacteria"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?\nA. grasses and trees\nB. rabbits and deer\nC. lions and alligators\nD. mushrooms and bacteria\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["lions and alligators", "rabbits and deer", "mushrooms and bacteria", "grasses and trees"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?\nA. lions and alligators\nB. rabbits and deer\nC. mushrooms and bacteria\nD. grasses and trees\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["grasses and trees", "rabbits and deer", "lions and alligators", "mushrooms and bacteria"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?\n1. grasses and trees\n2. rabbits and deer\n3. lions and alligators\n4. mushrooms and bacteria\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["grasses and trees", "rabbits and deer", "lions and alligators", "mushrooms and bacteria"], "label": ["R", "W", "G", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?\nR. grasses and trees\nW. rabbits and deer\nG. lions and alligators\nV. mushrooms and bacteria\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["lions and alligators", "rabbits and deer", "mushrooms and bacteria", "grasses and trees"], "label": ["R", "W", "G", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organisms break down dead matter and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem?\nR. lions and alligators\nW. rabbits and deer\nG. mushrooms and bacteria\nV. grasses and trees\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3214}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_2", "question": "A student viewing a cell with a microscope observes a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a nucleus. The presence of these structures indicates that the student is looking at a cell from a", "choices": {"text": ["rabbit", "carrot", "worm", "fly"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student viewing a cell with a microscope observes a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a nucleus. The presence of these structures indicates that the student is looking at a cell from a\nA. rabbit\nB. carrot\nC. worm\nD. fly\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student viewing a cell with a microscope observes a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a nucleus. The presence of these structures indicates that the student is looking at a cell from a", "choices": {"text": ["rabbit", "fly", "worm", "carrot"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student viewing a cell with a microscope observes a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a nucleus. The presence of these structures indicates that the student is looking at a cell from a\nA. rabbit\nB. fly\nC. worm\nD. carrot\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student viewing a cell with a microscope observes a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a nucleus. The presence of these structures indicates that the student is looking at a cell from a", "choices": {"text": ["rabbit", "carrot", "worm", "fly"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student viewing a cell with a microscope observes a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a nucleus. The presence of these structures indicates that the student is looking at a cell from a\n1. rabbit\n2. carrot\n3. worm\n4. fly\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student viewing a cell with a microscope observes a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a nucleus. The presence of these structures indicates that the student is looking at a cell from a", "choices": {"text": ["rabbit", "carrot", "worm", "fly"], "label": ["P", "Z", "X", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student viewing a cell with a microscope observes a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a nucleus. The presence of these structures indicates that the student is looking at a cell from a\nP. rabbit\nZ. carrot\nX. worm\nI. fly\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student viewing a cell with a microscope observes a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a nucleus. The presence of these structures indicates that the student is looking at a cell from a", "choices": {"text": ["rabbit", "fly", "worm", "carrot"], "label": ["P", "Z", "X", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student viewing a cell with a microscope observes a cell wall, a cell membrane, and a nucleus. The presence of these structures indicates that the student is looking at a cell from a\nP. rabbit\nZ. fly\nX. worm\nI. carrot\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3215}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_407259", "question": "Which action results in a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["apples being cut into slices", "wood burning in a fireplace", "wet clothes drying on a clothesline", "snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action results in a chemical change?\nA. apples being cut into slices\nB. wood burning in a fireplace\nC. wet clothes drying on a clothesline\nD. snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action results in a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["wet clothes drying on a clothesline", "snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk", "apples being cut into slices", "wood burning in a fireplace"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action results in a chemical change?\nA. wet clothes drying on a clothesline\nB. snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk\nC. apples being cut into slices\nD. wood burning in a fireplace\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action results in a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["apples being cut into slices", "wood burning in a fireplace", "wet clothes drying on a clothesline", "snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action results in a chemical change?\n1. apples being cut into slices\n2. wood burning in a fireplace\n3. wet clothes drying on a clothesline\n4. snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action results in a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["apples being cut into slices", "wood burning in a fireplace", "wet clothes drying on a clothesline", "snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk"], "label": ["B", "R", "L", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action results in a chemical change?\nB. apples being cut into slices\nR. wood burning in a fireplace\nL. wet clothes drying on a clothesline\nU. snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action results in a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["wet clothes drying on a clothesline", "snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk", "apples being cut into slices", "wood burning in a fireplace"], "label": ["B", "R", "L", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action results in a chemical change?\nB. wet clothes drying on a clothesline\nR. snow being shoveled off of a sidewalk\nL. apples being cut into slices\nU. wood burning in a fireplace\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3216}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7017798", "question": "What has occurred when bubbles form in a liquid that is being heated?", "choices": {"text": ["Oxygen is absorbed from the air.", "Heat is radiating in the liquid.", "The boiling point has been reached.", "Molecular stability in the liquid is increasing."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What has occurred when bubbles form in a liquid that is being heated?\nA. Oxygen is absorbed from the air.\nB. Heat is radiating in the liquid.\nC. The boiling point has been reached.\nD. Molecular stability in the liquid is increasing.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What has occurred when bubbles form in a liquid that is being heated?", "choices": {"text": ["Molecular stability in the liquid is increasing.", "Heat is radiating in the liquid.", "Oxygen is absorbed from the air.", "The boiling point has been reached."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What has occurred when bubbles form in a liquid that is being heated?\nA. Molecular stability in the liquid is increasing.\nB. Heat is radiating in the liquid.\nC. Oxygen is absorbed from the air.\nD. The boiling point has been reached.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What has occurred when bubbles form in a liquid that is being heated?", "choices": {"text": ["Oxygen is absorbed from the air.", "Heat is radiating in the liquid.", "The boiling point has been reached.", "Molecular stability in the liquid is increasing."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What has occurred when bubbles form in a liquid that is being heated?\n1. Oxygen is absorbed from the air.\n2. Heat is radiating in the liquid.\n3. The boiling point has been reached.\n4. Molecular stability in the liquid is increasing.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What has occurred when bubbles form in a liquid that is being heated?", "choices": {"text": ["Oxygen is absorbed from the air.", "Heat is radiating in the liquid.", "The boiling point has been reached.", "Molecular stability in the liquid is increasing."], "label": ["X", "E", "S", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: What has occurred when bubbles form in a liquid that is being heated?\nX. Oxygen is absorbed from the air.\nE. Heat is radiating in the liquid.\nS. The boiling point has been reached.\nK. Molecular stability in the liquid is increasing.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What has occurred when bubbles form in a liquid that is being heated?", "choices": {"text": ["Molecular stability in the liquid is increasing.", "Heat is radiating in the liquid.", "Oxygen is absorbed from the air.", "The boiling point has been reached."], "label": ["X", "E", "S", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: What has occurred when bubbles form in a liquid that is being heated?\nX. Molecular stability in the liquid is increasing.\nE. Heat is radiating in the liquid.\nS. Oxygen is absorbed from the air.\nK. The boiling point has been reached.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3217}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7124128", "question": "The breakfast that a student ate provided energy for bicycling later in the day. Which energy transformation most likely occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["radiant to nuclear", "chemical to nuclear", "radiant to mechanical", "chemical to mechanical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The breakfast that a student ate provided energy for bicycling later in the day. Which energy transformation most likely occurred?\nA. radiant to nuclear\nB. chemical to nuclear\nC. radiant to mechanical\nD. chemical to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The breakfast that a student ate provided energy for bicycling later in the day. Which energy transformation most likely occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical to nuclear", "radiant to nuclear", "chemical to mechanical", "radiant to mechanical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The breakfast that a student ate provided energy for bicycling later in the day. Which energy transformation most likely occurred?\nA. chemical to nuclear\nB. radiant to nuclear\nC. chemical to mechanical\nD. radiant to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The breakfast that a student ate provided energy for bicycling later in the day. Which energy transformation most likely occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["radiant to nuclear", "chemical to nuclear", "radiant to mechanical", "chemical to mechanical"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The breakfast that a student ate provided energy for bicycling later in the day. Which energy transformation most likely occurred?\n1. radiant to nuclear\n2. chemical to nuclear\n3. radiant to mechanical\n4. chemical to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The breakfast that a student ate provided energy for bicycling later in the day. Which energy transformation most likely occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["radiant to nuclear", "chemical to nuclear", "radiant to mechanical", "chemical to mechanical"], "label": ["Z", "C", "W", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: The breakfast that a student ate provided energy for bicycling later in the day. Which energy transformation most likely occurred?\nZ. radiant to nuclear\nC. chemical to nuclear\nW. radiant to mechanical\nE. chemical to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The breakfast that a student ate provided energy for bicycling later in the day. Which energy transformation most likely occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical to nuclear", "radiant to nuclear", "chemical to mechanical", "radiant to mechanical"], "label": ["Z", "C", "W", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: The breakfast that a student ate provided energy for bicycling later in the day. Which energy transformation most likely occurred?\nZ. chemical to nuclear\nC. radiant to nuclear\nW. chemical to mechanical\nE. radiant to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3218}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402258", "question": "In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?", "choices": {"text": ["filter the salt", "freeze the mixture", "evaporate the water", "pour the water out of the container"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?\nA. filter the salt\nB. freeze the mixture\nC. evaporate the water\nD. pour the water out of the container\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?", "choices": {"text": ["pour the water out of the container", "evaporate the water", "freeze the mixture", "filter the salt"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?\nA. pour the water out of the container\nB. evaporate the water\nC. freeze the mixture\nD. filter the salt\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?", "choices": {"text": ["filter the salt", "freeze the mixture", "evaporate the water", "pour the water out of the container"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?\n1. filter the salt\n2. freeze the mixture\n3. evaporate the water\n4. pour the water out of the container\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?", "choices": {"text": ["filter the salt", "freeze the mixture", "evaporate the water", "pour the water out of the container"], "label": ["C", "N", "T", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?\nC. filter the salt\nN. freeze the mixture\nT. evaporate the water\nO. pour the water out of the container\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?", "choices": {"text": ["pour the water out of the container", "evaporate the water", "freeze the mixture", "filter the salt"], "label": ["C", "N", "T", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an experiment, water and salt are mixed together. What is the best way to separate the salt from the water?\nC. pour the water out of the container\nN. evaporate the water\nT. freeze the mixture\nO. filter the salt\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3219}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_4_pg97", "question": "A metal spoon and a wooden spoon are used to stir a pot of hot soup. After a few minutes, the metal spoon feels hotter than the wooden spoon. What explains this?", "choices": {"text": ["Metal is always hotter than wood.", "Metal conducts heat better than wood.", "Metal conducts electricity better than wood.", "Metal heats up the water better than the wood."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal spoon and a wooden spoon are used to stir a pot of hot soup. After a few minutes, the metal spoon feels hotter than the wooden spoon. What explains this?\nA. Metal is always hotter than wood.\nB. Metal conducts heat better than wood.\nC. Metal conducts electricity better than wood.\nD. Metal heats up the water better than the wood.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal spoon and a wooden spoon are used to stir a pot of hot soup. After a few minutes, the metal spoon feels hotter than the wooden spoon. What explains this?", "choices": {"text": ["Metal heats up the water better than the wood.", "Metal conducts electricity better than wood.", "Metal is always hotter than wood.", "Metal conducts heat better than wood."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal spoon and a wooden spoon are used to stir a pot of hot soup. After a few minutes, the metal spoon feels hotter than the wooden spoon. What explains this?\nA. Metal heats up the water better than the wood.\nB. Metal conducts electricity better than wood.\nC. Metal is always hotter than wood.\nD. Metal conducts heat better than wood.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal spoon and a wooden spoon are used to stir a pot of hot soup. After a few minutes, the metal spoon feels hotter than the wooden spoon. What explains this?", "choices": {"text": ["Metal is always hotter than wood.", "Metal conducts heat better than wood.", "Metal conducts electricity better than wood.", "Metal heats up the water better than the wood."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal spoon and a wooden spoon are used to stir a pot of hot soup. After a few minutes, the metal spoon feels hotter than the wooden spoon. What explains this?\n1. Metal is always hotter than wood.\n2. Metal conducts heat better than wood.\n3. Metal conducts electricity better than wood.\n4. Metal heats up the water better than the wood.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal spoon and a wooden spoon are used to stir a pot of hot soup. After a few minutes, the metal spoon feels hotter than the wooden spoon. What explains this?", "choices": {"text": ["Metal is always hotter than wood.", "Metal conducts heat better than wood.", "Metal conducts electricity better than wood.", "Metal heats up the water better than the wood."], "label": ["J", "X", "L", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal spoon and a wooden spoon are used to stir a pot of hot soup. After a few minutes, the metal spoon feels hotter than the wooden spoon. What explains this?\nJ. Metal is always hotter than wood.\nX. Metal conducts heat better than wood.\nL. Metal conducts electricity better than wood.\nN. Metal heats up the water better than the wood.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal spoon and a wooden spoon are used to stir a pot of hot soup. After a few minutes, the metal spoon feels hotter than the wooden spoon. What explains this?", "choices": {"text": ["Metal heats up the water better than the wood.", "Metal conducts electricity better than wood.", "Metal is always hotter than wood.", "Metal conducts heat better than wood."], "label": ["J", "X", "L", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal spoon and a wooden spoon are used to stir a pot of hot soup. After a few minutes, the metal spoon feels hotter than the wooden spoon. What explains this?\nJ. Metal heats up the water better than the wood.\nX. Metal conducts electricity better than wood.\nL. Metal is always hotter than wood.\nN. Metal conducts heat better than wood.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3220}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7162558", "question": "Materials made of the same substance will have characteristics in common. Which property is most likely to remain constant in different samples of the same material?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "mass", "shape", "volume"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Materials made of the same substance will have characteristics in common. Which property is most likely to remain constant in different samples of the same material?\nA. density\nB. mass\nC. shape\nD. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Materials made of the same substance will have characteristics in common. Which property is most likely to remain constant in different samples of the same material?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "volume", "shape", "density"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Materials made of the same substance will have characteristics in common. Which property is most likely to remain constant in different samples of the same material?\nA. mass\nB. volume\nC. shape\nD. density\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Materials made of the same substance will have characteristics in common. Which property is most likely to remain constant in different samples of the same material?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "mass", "shape", "volume"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Materials made of the same substance will have characteristics in common. Which property is most likely to remain constant in different samples of the same material?\n1. density\n2. mass\n3. shape\n4. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Materials made of the same substance will have characteristics in common. Which property is most likely to remain constant in different samples of the same material?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "mass", "shape", "volume"], "label": ["R", "J", "I", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Materials made of the same substance will have characteristics in common. Which property is most likely to remain constant in different samples of the same material?\nR. density\nJ. mass\nI. shape\nF. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Materials made of the same substance will have characteristics in common. Which property is most likely to remain constant in different samples of the same material?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "volume", "shape", "density"], "label": ["R", "J", "I", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Materials made of the same substance will have characteristics in common. Which property is most likely to remain constant in different samples of the same material?\nR. mass\nJ. volume\nI. shape\nF. density\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3221}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416414", "question": "Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "rivers", "oceans", "aquifers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?\nA. lakes\nB. rivers\nC. oceans\nD. aquifers\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "oceans", "aquifers", "rivers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?\nA. lakes\nB. oceans\nC. aquifers\nD. rivers\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "rivers", "oceans", "aquifers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?\n1. lakes\n2. rivers\n3. oceans\n4. aquifers\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "rivers", "oceans", "aquifers"], "label": ["F", "J", "Y", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?\nF. lakes\nJ. rivers\nY. oceans\nD. aquifers\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "oceans", "aquifers", "rivers"], "label": ["F", "J", "Y", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is Earth's largest source of drinkable water?\nF. lakes\nJ. oceans\nY. aquifers\nD. rivers\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3222}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405081", "question": "Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them", "choices": {"text": ["play games.", "watch movies.", "listen to music.", "find information."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them\nA. play games.\nB. watch movies.\nC. listen to music.\nD. find information.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them", "choices": {"text": ["play games.", "listen to music.", "find information.", "watch movies."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them\nA. play games.\nB. listen to music.\nC. find information.\nD. watch movies.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them", "choices": {"text": ["play games.", "watch movies.", "listen to music.", "find information."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them\n1. play games.\n2. watch movies.\n3. listen to music.\n4. find information.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them", "choices": {"text": ["play games.", "watch movies.", "listen to music.", "find information."], "label": ["S", "J", "X", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them\nS. play games.\nJ. watch movies.\nX. listen to music.\nO. find information.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them", "choices": {"text": ["play games.", "listen to music.", "find information.", "watch movies."], "label": ["S", "J", "X", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some classrooms have computers. The computer is most useful to the students because it helps them\nS. play games.\nJ. listen to music.\nX. find information.\nO. watch movies.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3223}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_3_20", "question": "Which of these is an example of something being recycled?", "choices": {"text": ["Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles", "Using the same foil to cover food several times", "Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box", "Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an example of something being recycled?\nA. Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles\nB. Using the same foil to cover food several times\nC. Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box\nD. Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an example of something being recycled?", "choices": {"text": ["Using the same foil to cover food several times", "Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag", "Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles", "Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an example of something being recycled?\nA. Using the same foil to cover food several times\nB. Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag\nC. Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles\nD. Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an example of something being recycled?", "choices": {"text": ["Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles", "Using the same foil to cover food several times", "Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box", "Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an example of something being recycled?\n1. Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles\n2. Using the same foil to cover food several times\n3. Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box\n4. Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an example of something being recycled?", "choices": {"text": ["Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles", "Using the same foil to cover food several times", "Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box", "Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag"], "label": ["I", "X", "B", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an example of something being recycled?\nI. Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles\nX. Using the same foil to cover food several times\nB. Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box\nF. Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an example of something being recycled?", "choices": {"text": ["Using the same foil to cover food several times", "Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag", "Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles", "Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box"], "label": ["I", "X", "B", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an example of something being recycled?\nI. Using the same foil to cover food several times\nX. Carrying lunch to school every day in the same plastic bag\nB. Taking glass bottles to a place that makes them into new bottles\nF. Wrapping glasses with newspaper to put them in a moving box\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3224}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_177345", "question": "Which of the following is an example of a compound?", "choices": {"text": ["copper", "iron", "carbon", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of a compound?\nA. copper\nB. iron\nC. carbon\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of a compound?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "copper", "carbon", "iron"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of a compound?\nA. water\nB. copper\nC. carbon\nD. iron\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of a compound?", "choices": {"text": ["copper", "iron", "carbon", "water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of a compound?\n1. copper\n2. iron\n3. carbon\n4. water\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of a compound?", "choices": {"text": ["copper", "iron", "carbon", "water"], "label": ["A", "N", "W", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of a compound?\nA. copper\nN. iron\nW. carbon\nF. water\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of a compound?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "copper", "carbon", "iron"], "label": ["A", "N", "W", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of a compound?\nA. water\nN. copper\nW. carbon\nF. iron\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3225}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408033", "question": "One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?", "choices": {"text": ["by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter", "by helping the rabbit blend with its environment", "by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food", "by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?\nA. by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter\nB. by helping the rabbit blend with its environment\nC. by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food\nD. by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?", "choices": {"text": ["by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators", "by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter", "by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food", "by helping the rabbit blend with its environment"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?\nA. by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators\nB. by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter\nC. by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food\nD. by helping the rabbit blend with its environment\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?", "choices": {"text": ["by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter", "by helping the rabbit blend with its environment", "by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food", "by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?\n1. by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter\n2. by helping the rabbit blend with its environment\n3. by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food\n4. by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?", "choices": {"text": ["by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter", "by helping the rabbit blend with its environment", "by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food", "by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators"], "label": ["F", "V", "U", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?\nF. by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter\nV. by helping the rabbit blend with its environment\nU. by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food\nB. by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?", "choices": {"text": ["by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators", "by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter", "by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food", "by helping the rabbit blend with its environment"], "label": ["F", "V", "U", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: One rabbit runs faster than other rabbits in its population. How will the ability to run fast most likely benefit the rabbit?\nF. by making it easier for the rabbit to escape from predators\nV. by keeping the rabbit warmer in the winter\nU. by allowing the rabbit to find more sources of food\nB. by helping the rabbit blend with its environment\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3226}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_1995_8_I10", "question": "What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?", "choices": {"text": ["They have a high water content.", "They are the best source of protein.", "They are rich in minerals and vitamins.", "They are the best source of carbohydrates."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?\nA. They have a high water content.\nB. They are the best source of protein.\nC. They are rich in minerals and vitamins.\nD. They are the best source of carbohydrates.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?", "choices": {"text": ["They are the best source of carbohydrates.", "They are rich in minerals and vitamins.", "They are the best source of protein.", "They have a high water content."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?\nA. They are the best source of carbohydrates.\nB. They are rich in minerals and vitamins.\nC. They are the best source of protein.\nD. They have a high water content.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?", "choices": {"text": ["They have a high water content.", "They are the best source of protein.", "They are rich in minerals and vitamins.", "They are the best source of carbohydrates."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?\n1. They have a high water content.\n2. They are the best source of protein.\n3. They are rich in minerals and vitamins.\n4. They are the best source of carbohydrates.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?", "choices": {"text": ["They have a high water content.", "They are the best source of protein.", "They are rich in minerals and vitamins.", "They are the best source of carbohydrates."], "label": ["E", "G", "N", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?\nE. They have a high water content.\nG. They are the best source of protein.\nN. They are rich in minerals and vitamins.\nF. They are the best source of carbohydrates.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?", "choices": {"text": ["They are the best source of carbohydrates.", "They are rich in minerals and vitamins.", "They are the best source of protein.", "They have a high water content."], "label": ["E", "G", "N", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the BEST reason for including fruits and leafy vegetables in a healthy diet?\nE. They are the best source of carbohydrates.\nG. They are rich in minerals and vitamins.\nN. They are the best source of protein.\nF. They have a high water content.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3227}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_415085", "question": "In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?", "choices": {"text": ["10 km/h", "20 km/h", "40 km/h", "50 km/h"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?\nA. 10 km/h\nB. 20 km/h\nC. 40 km/h\nD. 50 km/h\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?", "choices": {"text": ["10 km/h", "50 km/h", "20 km/h", "40 km/h"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?\nA. 10 km/h\nB. 50 km/h\nC. 20 km/h\nD. 40 km/h\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?", "choices": {"text": ["10 km/h", "20 km/h", "40 km/h", "50 km/h"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?\n1. 10 km/h\n2. 20 km/h\n3. 40 km/h\n4. 50 km/h\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?", "choices": {"text": ["10 km/h", "20 km/h", "40 km/h", "50 km/h"], "label": ["W", "O", "L", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?\nW. 10 km/h\nO. 20 km/h\nL. 40 km/h\nV. 50 km/h\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?", "choices": {"text": ["10 km/h", "50 km/h", "20 km/h", "40 km/h"], "label": ["W", "O", "L", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In one day, a family in a car rode for 2 hours, stopped for 3 hours, and then rode for another 5 hours. During the day, the family traveled a total distance of 400 kilometers. What was their average speed for the whole trip?\nW. 10 km/h\nO. 50 km/h\nL. 20 km/h\nV. 40 km/h\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3228}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416550", "question": "A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?", "choices": {"text": ["pH", "turbidity", "nitrate concentration", "phosphate concentration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?\nA. pH\nB. turbidity\nC. nitrate concentration\nD. phosphate concentration\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?", "choices": {"text": ["pH", "nitrate concentration", "phosphate concentration", "turbidity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?\nA. pH\nB. nitrate concentration\nC. phosphate concentration\nD. turbidity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?", "choices": {"text": ["pH", "turbidity", "nitrate concentration", "phosphate concentration"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?\n1. pH\n2. turbidity\n3. nitrate concentration\n4. phosphate concentration\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?", "choices": {"text": ["pH", "turbidity", "nitrate concentration", "phosphate concentration"], "label": ["J", "Q", "P", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?\nJ. pH\nQ. turbidity\nP. nitrate concentration\nS. phosphate concentration\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?", "choices": {"text": ["pH", "nitrate concentration", "phosphate concentration", "turbidity"], "label": ["J", "Q", "P", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A Raleigh man turned on his kitchen faucet and filled a glass with water. When he looked at the water, he thought that it might not be safe to drink, so he called the water company to find out. What factor did the man use to evaluate the safety of the water?\nJ. pH\nQ. nitrate concentration\nP. phosphate concentration\nS. turbidity\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3229}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7137043", "question": "Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?", "choices": {"text": ["battery", "wind", "sun", "coal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?\nA. battery\nB. wind\nC. sun\nD. coal\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?", "choices": {"text": ["coal", "sun", "battery", "wind"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?\nA. coal\nB. sun\nC. battery\nD. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?", "choices": {"text": ["battery", "wind", "sun", "coal"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?\n1. battery\n2. wind\n3. sun\n4. coal\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?", "choices": {"text": ["battery", "wind", "sun", "coal"], "label": ["Y", "P", "E", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?\nY. battery\nP. wind\nE. sun\nJ. coal\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?", "choices": {"text": ["coal", "sun", "battery", "wind"], "label": ["Y", "P", "E", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the main source of the electromagnetic energy we use?\nY. coal\nP. sun\nE. battery\nJ. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3230}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7216633", "question": "Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["identifying experimental variables", "forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis", "conducting repeated trials and graphing the data", "writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?\nA. identifying experimental variables\nB. forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis\nC. conducting repeated trials and graphing the data\nD. writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["conducting repeated trials and graphing the data", "writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment", "forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis", "identifying experimental variables"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?\nA. conducting repeated trials and graphing the data\nB. writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment\nC. forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis\nD. identifying experimental variables\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["identifying experimental variables", "forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis", "conducting repeated trials and graphing the data", "writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?\n1. identifying experimental variables\n2. forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis\n3. conducting repeated trials and graphing the data\n4. writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["identifying experimental variables", "forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis", "conducting repeated trials and graphing the data", "writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment"], "label": ["J", "D", "H", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?\nJ. identifying experimental variables\nD. forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis\nH. conducting repeated trials and graphing the data\nS. writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["conducting repeated trials and graphing the data", "writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment", "forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis", "identifying experimental variables"], "label": ["J", "D", "H", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the starting point for a new scientific investigation?\nJ. conducting repeated trials and graphing the data\nD. writing out a procedure and collecting the needed equipment\nH. forming a question that is the basis of a hypothesis\nS. identifying experimental variables\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3231}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408620", "question": "All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["Fish -> Plants -> Birds", "Plants -> Birds -> Fish", "Plants -> Fish -> Birds", "Fish -> Birds -> Plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?\nA. Fish -> Plants -> Birds\nB. Plants -> Birds -> Fish\nC. Plants -> Fish -> Birds\nD. Fish -> Birds -> Plants\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants -> Birds -> Fish", "Fish -> Plants -> Birds", "Fish -> Birds -> Plants", "Plants -> Fish -> Birds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?\nA. Plants -> Birds -> Fish\nB. Fish -> Plants -> Birds\nC. Fish -> Birds -> Plants\nD. Plants -> Fish -> Birds\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["Fish -> Plants -> Birds", "Plants -> Birds -> Fish", "Plants -> Fish -> Birds", "Fish -> Birds -> Plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?\n1. Fish -> Plants -> Birds\n2. Plants -> Birds -> Fish\n3. Plants -> Fish -> Birds\n4. Fish -> Birds -> Plants\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["Fish -> Plants -> Birds", "Plants -> Birds -> Fish", "Plants -> Fish -> Birds", "Fish -> Birds -> Plants"], "label": ["Q", "B", "S", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?\nQ. Fish -> Plants -> Birds\nB. Plants -> Birds -> Fish\nS. Plants -> Fish -> Birds\nY. Fish -> Birds -> Plants\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants -> Birds -> Fish", "Fish -> Plants -> Birds", "Fish -> Birds -> Plants", "Plants -> Fish -> Birds"], "label": ["Q", "B", "S", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: All organisms depend on the transfer of energy to survive. Which best shows the energy transfer between animals in a shoreline ecosystem?\nQ. Plants -> Birds -> Fish\nB. Fish -> Plants -> Birds\nS. Fish -> Birds -> Plants\nY. Plants -> Fish -> Birds\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3232}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2009_7_5", "question": "Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.", "Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.", "Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.", "Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?\nA. Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.\nB. Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.\nC. Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.\nD. Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.", "Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.", "Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.", "Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?\nA. Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.\nB. Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.\nC. Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.\nD. Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.", "Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.", "Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.", "Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?\n1. Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.\n2. Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.\n3. Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.\n4. Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.", "Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.", "Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.", "Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom."], "label": ["S", "P", "Z", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?\nS. Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.\nP. Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.\nZ. Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.\nH. Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.", "Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.", "Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.", "Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom."], "label": ["S", "P", "Z", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which investigation might be used to demonstrate potential energy?\nS. Roll one ball toward another, and see what happens when they collide.\nP. Compress a spring by different amounts, and see how far it can launch a ball into the air.\nZ. Place a glass of water in the freezer, and see how long the water takes to become solid.\nH. Roll a ball from the top of an inclined plane and determine the amount of time it takes to get to the bottom.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3233}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406674", "question": "The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?", "choices": {"text": ["The environment has changed.", "Animals need leafy trees.", "Rocks can destroy trees.", "Trees give off oxygen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?\nA. The environment has changed.\nB. Animals need leafy trees.\nC. Rocks can destroy trees.\nD. Trees give off oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?", "choices": {"text": ["Animals need leafy trees.", "The environment has changed.", "Rocks can destroy trees.", "Trees give off oxygen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?\nA. Animals need leafy trees.\nB. The environment has changed.\nC. Rocks can destroy trees.\nD. Trees give off oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?", "choices": {"text": ["The environment has changed.", "Animals need leafy trees.", "Rocks can destroy trees.", "Trees give off oxygen."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?\n1. The environment has changed.\n2. Animals need leafy trees.\n3. Rocks can destroy trees.\n4. Trees give off oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?", "choices": {"text": ["The environment has changed.", "Animals need leafy trees.", "Rocks can destroy trees.", "Trees give off oxygen."], "label": ["N", "C", "E", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?\nN. The environment has changed.\nC. Animals need leafy trees.\nE. Rocks can destroy trees.\nU. Trees give off oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?", "choices": {"text": ["Animals need leafy trees.", "The environment has changed.", "Rocks can destroy trees.", "Trees give off oxygen."], "label": ["N", "C", "E", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossil record shows that trees have changed throughout the years. Which of the following conclusions would be best supported by the fossil record?\nN. Animals need leafy trees.\nC. The environment has changed.\nE. Rocks can destroy trees.\nU. Trees give off oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3234}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7099348", "question": "An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?", "choices": {"text": ["the time of day the seeds are planted", "the amount of fruit picked after dark", "the type of soil in which the crops are grown", "the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?\nA. the time of day the seeds are planted\nB. the amount of fruit picked after dark\nC. the type of soil in which the crops are grown\nD. the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?", "choices": {"text": ["the time of day the seeds are planted", "the type of soil in which the crops are grown", "the amount of fruit picked after dark", "the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?\nA. the time of day the seeds are planted\nB. the type of soil in which the crops are grown\nC. the amount of fruit picked after dark\nD. the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?", "choices": {"text": ["the time of day the seeds are planted", "the amount of fruit picked after dark", "the type of soil in which the crops are grown", "the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?\n1. the time of day the seeds are planted\n2. the amount of fruit picked after dark\n3. the type of soil in which the crops are grown\n4. the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?", "choices": {"text": ["the time of day the seeds are planted", "the amount of fruit picked after dark", "the type of soil in which the crops are grown", "the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop"], "label": ["K", "Z", "E", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?\nK. the time of day the seeds are planted\nZ. the amount of fruit picked after dark\nE. the type of soil in which the crops are grown\nX. the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?", "choices": {"text": ["the time of day the seeds are planted", "the type of soil in which the crops are grown", "the amount of fruit picked after dark", "the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop"], "label": ["K", "Z", "E", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: An agriculturalist predicts that the tomato harvest will be very good this year. Which has the greatest effect on the size of the tomato harvest?\nK. the time of day the seeds are planted\nZ. the type of soil in which the crops are grown\nE. the amount of fruit picked after dark\nX. the number of times daily that the farmer observes the crop\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3235}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_403937", "question": "A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student", "choices": {"text": ["uses more than one caterpillar.", "performs the investigation on a wet surface.", "uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.", "performs the investigation at the same time on four days."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student\nA. uses more than one caterpillar.\nB. performs the investigation on a wet surface.\nC. uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.\nD. performs the investigation at the same time on four days.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student", "choices": {"text": ["performs the investigation on a wet surface.", "performs the investigation at the same time on four days.", "uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.", "uses more than one caterpillar."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student\nA. performs the investigation on a wet surface.\nB. performs the investigation at the same time on four days.\nC. uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.\nD. uses more than one caterpillar.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student", "choices": {"text": ["uses more than one caterpillar.", "performs the investigation on a wet surface.", "uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.", "performs the investigation at the same time on four days."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student\n1. uses more than one caterpillar.\n2. performs the investigation on a wet surface.\n3. uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.\n4. performs the investigation at the same time on four days.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student", "choices": {"text": ["uses more than one caterpillar.", "performs the investigation on a wet surface.", "uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.", "performs the investigation at the same time on four days."], "label": ["Q", "X", "A", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student\nQ. uses more than one caterpillar.\nX. performs the investigation on a wet surface.\nA. uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.\nN. performs the investigation at the same time on four days.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student", "choices": {"text": ["performs the investigation on a wet surface.", "performs the investigation at the same time on four days.", "uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.", "uses more than one caterpillar."], "label": ["Q", "X", "A", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student investigates the effect of temperature on the distance a caterpillar travels in one minute. The student performs the investigation at four different times of day using one caterpillar. This experiment could be improved if the student\nQ. performs the investigation on a wet surface.\nX. performs the investigation at the same time on four days.\nA. uses earthworms instead of caterpillars.\nN. uses more than one caterpillar.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3236}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_26", "question": "A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["a planet", "a star", "an asteroid", "a comet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely\nA. a planet\nB. a star\nC. an asteroid\nD. a comet\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["a star", "a planet", "a comet", "an asteroid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely\nA. a star\nB. a planet\nC. a comet\nD. an asteroid\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["a planet", "a star", "an asteroid", "a comet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely\n1. a planet\n2. a star\n3. an asteroid\n4. a comet\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["a planet", "a star", "an asteroid", "a comet"], "label": ["F", "N", "P", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely\nF. a planet\nN. a star\nP. an asteroid\nK. a comet\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["a star", "a planet", "a comet", "an asteroid"], "label": ["F", "N", "P", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bright object with a long tail of glowing gases is in orbit around the Sun. This object is most likely\nF. a star\nN. a planet\nP. a comet\nK. an asteroid\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3237}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_8_2015_17", "question": "A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?", "choices": {"text": ["the amplifier", "the battery", "the microphone", "the speaker"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?\nA. the amplifier\nB. the battery\nC. the microphone\nD. the speaker\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?", "choices": {"text": ["the microphone", "the battery", "the amplifier", "the speaker"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?\nA. the microphone\nB. the battery\nC. the amplifier\nD. the speaker\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?", "choices": {"text": ["the amplifier", "the battery", "the microphone", "the speaker"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?\n1. the amplifier\n2. the battery\n3. the microphone\n4. the speaker\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?", "choices": {"text": ["the amplifier", "the battery", "the microphone", "the speaker"], "label": ["Z", "Q", "X", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?\nZ. the amplifier\nQ. the battery\nX. the microphone\nT. the speaker\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?", "choices": {"text": ["the microphone", "the battery", "the amplifier", "the speaker"], "label": ["Z", "Q", "X", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hearing aid is a small device that contains an amplifier, a battery, a microphone, and a speaker. Which part of a hearing aid functions to detect sounds in the user's environment?\nZ. the microphone\nQ. the battery\nX. the amplifier\nT. the speaker\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3238}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7228393", "question": "In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?", "choices": {"text": ["recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons", "discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?\nA. recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons\nB. reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons\nC. discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons\nD. reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?", "choices": {"text": ["recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?\nA. recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons\nB. discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons\nC. reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons\nD. reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?", "choices": {"text": ["recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons", "discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?\n1. recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons\n2. reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons\n3. discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons\n4. reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?", "choices": {"text": ["recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons", "discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons"], "label": ["A", "D", "S", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?\nA. recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons\nD. reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons\nS. discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons\nV. reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?", "choices": {"text": ["recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons", "reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons"], "label": ["A", "D", "S", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an experiment studying phototropism, students grew bean plants in labeled cardboard milk cartons. Afterward, the plants and soil were properly discarded. Which instruction line BEST conserves the remaining resources?\nA. recycle the markers, reuse the milk cartons\nD. discard the markers, reuse the milk cartons\nS. reuse the markers, recycle the milk cartons\nV. reuse the markers, discard the milk cartons\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3239}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_415745", "question": "How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?", "choices": {"text": ["They have very short wavelengths.", "They transmit energy instead of matter.", "They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.", "They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?\nA. They have very short wavelengths.\nB. They transmit energy instead of matter.\nC. They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.\nD. They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?", "choices": {"text": ["They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.", "They have very short wavelengths.", "They transmit energy instead of matter.", "They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?\nA. They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.\nB. They have very short wavelengths.\nC. They transmit energy instead of matter.\nD. They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?", "choices": {"text": ["They have very short wavelengths.", "They transmit energy instead of matter.", "They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.", "They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?\n1. They have very short wavelengths.\n2. They transmit energy instead of matter.\n3. They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.\n4. They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?", "choices": {"text": ["They have very short wavelengths.", "They transmit energy instead of matter.", "They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.", "They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object."], "label": ["K", "X", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?\nK. They have very short wavelengths.\nX. They transmit energy instead of matter.\nU. They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.\nJ. They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?", "choices": {"text": ["They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.", "They have very short wavelengths.", "They transmit energy instead of matter.", "They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object."], "label": ["K", "X", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: How are electromagnetic waves different from other waves?\nK. They can travel through a vacuum and through matter.\nX. They have very short wavelengths.\nU. They transmit energy instead of matter.\nJ. They can change direction by reflection when they strike an object.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3240}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415338", "question": "The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?", "choices": {"text": ["The energy makes liquid water freeze.", "The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.", "The energy makes clouds release rain.", "The energy makes water collect into puddles."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?\nA. The energy makes liquid water freeze.\nB. The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.\nC. The energy makes clouds release rain.\nD. The energy makes water collect into puddles.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?", "choices": {"text": ["The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.", "The energy makes clouds release rain.", "The energy makes liquid water freeze.", "The energy makes water collect into puddles."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?\nA. The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.\nB. The energy makes clouds release rain.\nC. The energy makes liquid water freeze.\nD. The energy makes water collect into puddles.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?", "choices": {"text": ["The energy makes liquid water freeze.", "The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.", "The energy makes clouds release rain.", "The energy makes water collect into puddles."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?\n1. The energy makes liquid water freeze.\n2. The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.\n3. The energy makes clouds release rain.\n4. The energy makes water collect into puddles.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?", "choices": {"text": ["The energy makes liquid water freeze.", "The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.", "The energy makes clouds release rain.", "The energy makes water collect into puddles."], "label": ["E", "J", "N", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?\nE. The energy makes liquid water freeze.\nJ. The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.\nN. The energy makes clouds release rain.\nT. The energy makes water collect into puddles.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?", "choices": {"text": ["The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.", "The energy makes clouds release rain.", "The energy makes liquid water freeze.", "The energy makes water collect into puddles."], "label": ["E", "J", "N", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun releases light and heat energy that cause changes on Earth. How does the Sun's energy change water?\nE. The energy makes water vapor from liquid water.\nJ. The energy makes clouds release rain.\nN. The energy makes liquid water freeze.\nT. The energy makes water collect into puddles.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3241}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7108238", "question": "In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?", "choices": {"text": ["vaccination", "gene therapy", "chemotherapy", "genetic engineering"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?\nA. vaccination\nB. gene therapy\nC. chemotherapy\nD. genetic engineering\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?", "choices": {"text": ["gene therapy", "genetic engineering", "vaccination", "chemotherapy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?\nA. gene therapy\nB. genetic engineering\nC. vaccination\nD. chemotherapy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?", "choices": {"text": ["vaccination", "gene therapy", "chemotherapy", "genetic engineering"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?\n1. vaccination\n2. gene therapy\n3. chemotherapy\n4. genetic engineering\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?", "choices": {"text": ["vaccination", "gene therapy", "chemotherapy", "genetic engineering"], "label": ["W", "K", "Y", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?\nW. vaccination\nK. gene therapy\nY. chemotherapy\nH. genetic engineering\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?", "choices": {"text": ["gene therapy", "genetic engineering", "vaccination", "chemotherapy"], "label": ["W", "K", "Y", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the 18th century, smallpox was a common and deadly disease. A country doctor, Edward Jenner, observed that patients working with cattle who contracted a mild disease called cowpox, never came down with the more serious smallpox. When Jenner obtained liquid from cowpox sores and injected it into healthy patients, they became immune to smallpox. What term best describes Jenner's treatment for smallpox?\nW. gene therapy\nK. genetic engineering\nY. vaccination\nH. chemotherapy\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3242}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_177485", "question": "What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?", "choices": {"text": ["closed circuit", "parallel circuit", "series circuit", "short circuit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?\nA. closed circuit\nB. parallel circuit\nC. series circuit\nD. short circuit\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?", "choices": {"text": ["series circuit", "short circuit", "closed circuit", "parallel circuit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?\nA. series circuit\nB. short circuit\nC. closed circuit\nD. parallel circuit\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?", "choices": {"text": ["closed circuit", "parallel circuit", "series circuit", "short circuit"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?\n1. closed circuit\n2. parallel circuit\n3. series circuit\n4. short circuit\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?", "choices": {"text": ["closed circuit", "parallel circuit", "series circuit", "short circuit"], "label": ["V", "F", "D", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?\nV. closed circuit\nF. parallel circuit\nD. series circuit\nZ. short circuit\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?", "choices": {"text": ["series circuit", "short circuit", "closed circuit", "parallel circuit"], "label": ["V", "F", "D", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the name of a circuit in which the current splits at the junctions?\nV. series circuit\nF. short circuit\nD. closed circuit\nZ. parallel circuit\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3243}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405120", "question": "A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?", "choices": {"text": ["the time of day", "the distance of the race", "the time it took to run the race", "the number of steps taken by the runners"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?\nA. the time of day\nB. the distance of the race\nC. the time it took to run the race\nD. the number of steps taken by the runners\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?", "choices": {"text": ["the distance of the race", "the time it took to run the race", "the time of day", "the number of steps taken by the runners"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?\nA. the distance of the race\nB. the time it took to run the race\nC. the time of day\nD. the number of steps taken by the runners\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?", "choices": {"text": ["the time of day", "the distance of the race", "the time it took to run the race", "the number of steps taken by the runners"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?\n1. the time of day\n2. the distance of the race\n3. the time it took to run the race\n4. the number of steps taken by the runners\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?", "choices": {"text": ["the time of day", "the distance of the race", "the time it took to run the race", "the number of steps taken by the runners"], "label": ["L", "S", "D", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?\nL. the time of day\nS. the distance of the race\nD. the time it took to run the race\nA. the number of steps taken by the runners\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?", "choices": {"text": ["the distance of the race", "the time it took to run the race", "the time of day", "the number of steps taken by the runners"], "label": ["L", "S", "D", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: A coach is standing at the finish line of a race. He is holding a stopwatch. What is the coach most likely measuring with the stopwatch?\nL. the distance of the race\nS. the time it took to run the race\nD. the time of day\nA. the number of steps taken by the runners\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3244}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2009_8_25", "question": "A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become", "choices": {"text": ["colder", "deeper", "larger", "smaller"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become\nA. colder\nB. deeper\nC. larger\nD. smaller\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become", "choices": {"text": ["smaller", "deeper", "colder", "larger"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become\nA. smaller\nB. deeper\nC. colder\nD. larger\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become", "choices": {"text": ["colder", "deeper", "larger", "smaller"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become\n1. colder\n2. deeper\n3. larger\n4. smaller\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become", "choices": {"text": ["colder", "deeper", "larger", "smaller"], "label": ["D", "M", "W", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become\nD. colder\nM. deeper\nW. larger\nA. smaller\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become", "choices": {"text": ["smaller", "deeper", "colder", "larger"], "label": ["D", "M", "W", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: A growing community relies on a nearby lake to provide fresh water for drinking and bathing. An increase in the use of fresh water will cause the lake to become\nD. smaller\nM. deeper\nW. colder\nA. larger\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3245}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_3_26", "question": "Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?", "choices": {"text": ["Taste", "Touch", "Smell", "Hearing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?\nA. Taste\nB. Touch\nC. Smell\nD. Hearing\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?", "choices": {"text": ["Hearing", "Smell", "Taste", "Touch"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?\nA. Hearing\nB. Smell\nC. Taste\nD. Touch\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?", "choices": {"text": ["Taste", "Touch", "Smell", "Hearing"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?\n1. Taste\n2. Touch\n3. Smell\n4. Hearing\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?", "choices": {"text": ["Taste", "Touch", "Smell", "Hearing"], "label": ["O", "G", "U", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?\nO. Taste\nG. Touch\nU. Smell\nX. Hearing\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?", "choices": {"text": ["Hearing", "Smell", "Taste", "Touch"], "label": ["O", "G", "U", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these senses lets Dora know when a skunk has been close to her house?\nO. Hearing\nG. Smell\nU. Taste\nX. Touch\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3246}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7264180", "question": "In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?", "choices": {"text": ["infrared", "microwave", "ultraviolet", "visible"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?\nA. infrared\nB. microwave\nC. ultraviolet\nD. visible\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?", "choices": {"text": ["infrared", "visible", "microwave", "ultraviolet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?\nA. infrared\nB. visible\nC. microwave\nD. ultraviolet\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?", "choices": {"text": ["infrared", "microwave", "ultraviolet", "visible"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?\n1. infrared\n2. microwave\n3. ultraviolet\n4. visible\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?", "choices": {"text": ["infrared", "microwave", "ultraviolet", "visible"], "label": ["Z", "V", "G", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?\nZ. infrared\nV. microwave\nG. ultraviolet\nS. visible\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?", "choices": {"text": ["infrared", "visible", "microwave", "ultraviolet"], "label": ["Z", "V", "G", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 2001, NASA launched a probe to investigate very low-energy radiation emitted when the universe began. What part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this probe observe and record?\nZ. infrared\nV. visible\nG. microwave\nS. ultraviolet\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3247}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7004183", "question": "What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["+2", "+1", "-1", "-2"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?\nA. +2\nB. +1\nC. -1\nD. -2\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["-2", "+2", "+1", "-1"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?\nA. -2\nB. +2\nC. +1\nD. -1\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["+2", "+1", "-1", "-2"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?\n1. +2\n2. +1\n3. -1\n4. -2\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["+2", "+1", "-1", "-2"], "label": ["Q", "N", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?\nQ. +2\nN. +1\nO. -1\nJ. -2\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["-2", "+2", "+1", "-1"], "label": ["Q", "N", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: What electrical charge does a proton have in an atom?\nQ. -2\nN. +2\nO. +1\nJ. -1\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3248}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10026", "question": "Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?", "choices": {"text": ["sitting at a desk", "pushing on a wall", "riding a bike", "reading a book"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?\nA. sitting at a desk\nB. pushing on a wall\nC. riding a bike\nD. reading a book\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?", "choices": {"text": ["reading a book", "pushing on a wall", "sitting at a desk", "riding a bike"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?\nA. reading a book\nB. pushing on a wall\nC. sitting at a desk\nD. riding a bike\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?", "choices": {"text": ["sitting at a desk", "pushing on a wall", "riding a bike", "reading a book"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?\n1. sitting at a desk\n2. pushing on a wall\n3. riding a bike\n4. reading a book\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?", "choices": {"text": ["sitting at a desk", "pushing on a wall", "riding a bike", "reading a book"], "label": ["J", "M", "U", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?\nJ. sitting at a desk\nM. pushing on a wall\nU. riding a bike\nG. reading a book\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?", "choices": {"text": ["reading a book", "pushing on a wall", "sitting at a desk", "riding a bike"], "label": ["J", "M", "U", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Work is a product of force and distance. Which of the following is an example of work?\nJ. reading a book\nM. pushing on a wall\nU. sitting at a desk\nG. riding a bike\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3249}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_20", "question": "All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up", "choices": {"text": ["a community", "a population", "the water cycle", "the habitat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up\nA. a community\nB. a population\nC. the water cycle\nD. the habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up", "choices": {"text": ["a population", "the water cycle", "a community", "the habitat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up\nA. a population\nB. the water cycle\nC. a community\nD. the habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up", "choices": {"text": ["a community", "a population", "the water cycle", "the habitat"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up\n1. a community\n2. a population\n3. the water cycle\n4. the habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up", "choices": {"text": ["a community", "a population", "the water cycle", "the habitat"], "label": ["P", "D", "N", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up\nP. a community\nD. a population\nN. the water cycle\nG. the habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up", "choices": {"text": ["a population", "the water cycle", "a community", "the habitat"], "label": ["P", "D", "N", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the different organisms interacting in a pond make up\nP. a population\nD. the water cycle\nN. a community\nG. the habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3250}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_407359", "question": "If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?", "choices": {"text": ["bass", "minnows", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?\nA. bass\nB. minnows\nC. aquatic plants\nD. fish-eating birds\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?", "choices": {"text": ["bass", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds", "minnows"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?\nA. bass\nB. aquatic plants\nC. fish-eating birds\nD. minnows\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?", "choices": {"text": ["bass", "minnows", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?\n1. bass\n2. minnows\n3. aquatic plants\n4. fish-eating birds\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?", "choices": {"text": ["bass", "minnows", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds"], "label": ["I", "J", "G", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?\nI. bass\nJ. minnows\nG. aquatic plants\nW. fish-eating birds\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?", "choices": {"text": ["bass", "aquatic plants", "fish-eating birds", "minnows"], "label": ["I", "J", "G", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a lake is polluted, which organisms would most likely accumulate the highest concentration of contaminants?\nI. bass\nJ. aquatic plants\nG. fish-eating birds\nW. minnows\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3251}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_4_39", "question": "Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth", "the growth of animals", "the decay of large trees", "the weathering of rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?\nA. the rotation of Earth\nB. the growth of animals\nC. the decay of large trees\nD. the weathering of rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth", "the weathering of rocks", "the growth of animals", "the decay of large trees"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?\nA. the rotation of Earth\nB. the weathering of rocks\nC. the growth of animals\nD. the decay of large trees\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth", "the growth of animals", "the decay of large trees", "the weathering of rocks"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?\n1. the rotation of Earth\n2. the growth of animals\n3. the decay of large trees\n4. the weathering of rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth", "the growth of animals", "the decay of large trees", "the weathering of rocks"], "label": ["B", "N", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?\nB. the rotation of Earth\nN. the growth of animals\nS. the decay of large trees\nC. the weathering of rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth", "the weathering of rocks", "the growth of animals", "the decay of large trees"], "label": ["B", "N", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sand is a type of soil that is made of very tiny pieces of material. Which process most likely forms sand?\nB. the rotation of Earth\nN. the weathering of rocks\nS. the growth of animals\nC. the decay of large trees\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3252}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7034790", "question": "What is needed to change ice into water?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "energy", "stirring", "chemicals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is needed to change ice into water?\nA. air\nB. energy\nC. stirring\nD. chemicals\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is needed to change ice into water?", "choices": {"text": ["energy", "stirring", "chemicals", "air"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is needed to change ice into water?\nA. energy\nB. stirring\nC. chemicals\nD. air\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is needed to change ice into water?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "energy", "stirring", "chemicals"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is needed to change ice into water?\n1. air\n2. energy\n3. stirring\n4. chemicals\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is needed to change ice into water?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "energy", "stirring", "chemicals"], "label": ["S", "I", "H", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is needed to change ice into water?\nS. air\nI. energy\nH. stirring\nL. chemicals\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is needed to change ice into water?", "choices": {"text": ["energy", "stirring", "chemicals", "air"], "label": ["S", "I", "H", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is needed to change ice into water?\nS. energy\nI. stirring\nH. chemicals\nL. air\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3253}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7194268", "question": "Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?", "choices": {"text": ["age", "location", "mass", "shape"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?\nA. age\nB. location\nC. mass\nD. shape\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?", "choices": {"text": ["location", "mass", "age", "shape"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?\nA. location\nB. mass\nC. age\nD. shape\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?", "choices": {"text": ["age", "location", "mass", "shape"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?\n1. age\n2. location\n3. mass\n4. shape\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?", "choices": {"text": ["age", "location", "mass", "shape"], "label": ["Q", "X", "M", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?\nQ. age\nX. location\nM. mass\nZ. shape\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?", "choices": {"text": ["location", "mass", "age", "shape"], "label": ["Q", "X", "M", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Stars form from nebulae of dust and gases. Depending on its properties, a star may become a red, yellow, white, or blue star. Which property determines this star type?\nQ. location\nX. mass\nM. age\nZ. shape\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3254}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_3_21", "question": "Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?", "choices": {"text": ["A pencil", "A bicycle", "A paper clip", "A pair of shoes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?\nA. A pencil\nB. A bicycle\nC. A paper clip\nD. A pair of shoes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?", "choices": {"text": ["A paper clip", "A pair of shoes", "A bicycle", "A pencil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?\nA. A paper clip\nB. A pair of shoes\nC. A bicycle\nD. A pencil\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?", "choices": {"text": ["A pencil", "A bicycle", "A paper clip", "A pair of shoes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?\n1. A pencil\n2. A bicycle\n3. A paper clip\n4. A pair of shoes\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?", "choices": {"text": ["A pencil", "A bicycle", "A paper clip", "A pair of shoes"], "label": ["Q", "O", "D", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?\nQ. A pencil\nO. A bicycle\nD. A paper clip\nK. A pair of shoes\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?", "choices": {"text": ["A paper clip", "A pair of shoes", "A bicycle", "A pencil"], "label": ["Q", "O", "D", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is MOST likely made from only one material?\nQ. A paper clip\nO. A pair of shoes\nD. A bicycle\nK. A pencil\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3255}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2010_5_11981", "question": "Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "heat", "magnetic", "sound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?\nA. chemical\nB. heat\nC. magnetic\nD. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "chemical", "sound", "magnetic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?\nA. heat\nB. chemical\nC. sound\nD. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "heat", "magnetic", "sound"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?\n1. chemical\n2. heat\n3. magnetic\n4. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "heat", "magnetic", "sound"], "label": ["F", "Y", "S", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?\nF. chemical\nY. heat\nS. magnetic\nB. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "chemical", "sound", "magnetic"], "label": ["F", "Y", "S", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Francis plugged a toaster into an electric outlet. He put a piece of bread in the toaster and turned the toaster on. While the toaster was on, it changed the electrical energy from the outlet into other forms of energy. Which form of energy toasted the bread?\nF. heat\nY. chemical\nS. sound\nB. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3256}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402241", "question": "A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?", "choices": {"text": ["pounds", "meters", "grams", "milliliters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?\nA. pounds\nB. meters\nC. grams\nD. milliliters\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?", "choices": {"text": ["milliliters", "meters", "grams", "pounds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?\nA. milliliters\nB. meters\nC. grams\nD. pounds\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?", "choices": {"text": ["pounds", "meters", "grams", "milliliters"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?\n1. pounds\n2. meters\n3. grams\n4. milliliters\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?", "choices": {"text": ["pounds", "meters", "grams", "milliliters"], "label": ["A", "C", "N", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?\nA. pounds\nC. meters\nN. grams\nX. milliliters\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?", "choices": {"text": ["milliliters", "meters", "grams", "pounds"], "label": ["A", "C", "N", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student measured liquid with a graduated cylinder. Which of the following units could be used to record the volume of the liquid?\nA. milliliters\nC. meters\nN. grams\nX. pounds\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3257}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_23", "question": "Which term is an example of a life process?", "choices": {"text": ["coloration", "camouflage", "migration", "reproduction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term is an example of a life process?\nA. coloration\nB. camouflage\nC. migration\nD. reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term is an example of a life process?", "choices": {"text": ["camouflage", "migration", "reproduction", "coloration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term is an example of a life process?\nA. camouflage\nB. migration\nC. reproduction\nD. coloration\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term is an example of a life process?", "choices": {"text": ["coloration", "camouflage", "migration", "reproduction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term is an example of a life process?\n1. coloration\n2. camouflage\n3. migration\n4. reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term is an example of a life process?", "choices": {"text": ["coloration", "camouflage", "migration", "reproduction"], "label": ["U", "H", "S", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term is an example of a life process?\nU. coloration\nH. camouflage\nS. migration\nX. reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term is an example of a life process?", "choices": {"text": ["camouflage", "migration", "reproduction", "coloration"], "label": ["U", "H", "S", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term is an example of a life process?\nU. camouflage\nH. migration\nS. reproduction\nX. coloration\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3258}
{"arc_id": "CSZ40385", "question": "A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?", "choices": {"text": ["weight", "density", "conductivity", "mass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?\nA. weight\nB. density\nC. conductivity\nD. mass\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "conductivity", "weight", "mass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?\nA. density\nB. conductivity\nC. weight\nD. mass\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?", "choices": {"text": ["weight", "density", "conductivity", "mass"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?\n1. weight\n2. density\n3. conductivity\n4. mass\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?", "choices": {"text": ["weight", "density", "conductivity", "mass"], "label": ["U", "D", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?\nU. weight\nD. density\nN. conductivity\nY. mass\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "conductivity", "weight", "mass"], "label": ["U", "D", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student divides several cubes into two groups, based on whether or not each cube can float in later. What property is the student using to classify the cubes?\nU. density\nD. conductivity\nN. weight\nY. mass\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3259}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2007_8_4", "question": "Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?", "choices": {"text": ["calcium (Ca)", "iodine (I)", "sodium (Na)", "sulfur (S)"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?\nA. calcium (Ca)\nB. iodine (I)\nC. sodium (Na)\nD. sulfur (S)\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?", "choices": {"text": ["sodium (Na)", "sulfur (S)", "calcium (Ca)", "iodine (I)"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?\nA. sodium (Na)\nB. sulfur (S)\nC. calcium (Ca)\nD. iodine (I)\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?", "choices": {"text": ["calcium (Ca)", "iodine (I)", "sodium (Na)", "sulfur (S)"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?\n1. calcium (Ca)\n2. iodine (I)\n3. sodium (Na)\n4. sulfur (S)\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?", "choices": {"text": ["calcium (Ca)", "iodine (I)", "sodium (Na)", "sulfur (S)"], "label": ["E", "A", "L", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?\nE. calcium (Ca)\nA. iodine (I)\nL. sodium (Na)\nU. sulfur (S)\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?", "choices": {"text": ["sodium (Na)", "sulfur (S)", "calcium (Ca)", "iodine (I)"], "label": ["E", "A", "L", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use The Periodic Table of the Elements and the information below to answer the question. Magnesium metal (Mg) is grayish-white in color and reacts actively with water. Fluorine (F2) is a greenish-yellow gas at room temperature and is a member of the halogen family. These two elements react to produce magnesium fluoride (MgF2), a chemical commonly used in making windows and lenses. According to the Periodic Table of the Elements, which element is most similar to magnesium (Mg)?\nE. sodium (Na)\nA. sulfur (S)\nL. calcium (Ca)\nU. iodine (I)\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3260}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405469", "question": "How do word processors on computers benefit most students?", "choices": {"text": ["It makes them understand how to write a good story.", "It helps them gather historical information.", "It exposes them to data that is hard to find.", "It allows them to edit papers quickly."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do word processors on computers benefit most students?\nA. It makes them understand how to write a good story.\nB. It helps them gather historical information.\nC. It exposes them to data that is hard to find.\nD. It allows them to edit papers quickly.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How do word processors on computers benefit most students?", "choices": {"text": ["It exposes them to data that is hard to find.", "It allows them to edit papers quickly.", "It makes them understand how to write a good story.", "It helps them gather historical information."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do word processors on computers benefit most students?\nA. It exposes them to data that is hard to find.\nB. It allows them to edit papers quickly.\nC. It makes them understand how to write a good story.\nD. It helps them gather historical information.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How do word processors on computers benefit most students?", "choices": {"text": ["It makes them understand how to write a good story.", "It helps them gather historical information.", "It exposes them to data that is hard to find.", "It allows them to edit papers quickly."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do word processors on computers benefit most students?\n1. It makes them understand how to write a good story.\n2. It helps them gather historical information.\n3. It exposes them to data that is hard to find.\n4. It allows them to edit papers quickly.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do word processors on computers benefit most students?", "choices": {"text": ["It makes them understand how to write a good story.", "It helps them gather historical information.", "It exposes them to data that is hard to find.", "It allows them to edit papers quickly."], "label": ["R", "I", "T", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do word processors on computers benefit most students?\nR. It makes them understand how to write a good story.\nI. It helps them gather historical information.\nT. It exposes them to data that is hard to find.\nM. It allows them to edit papers quickly.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do word processors on computers benefit most students?", "choices": {"text": ["It exposes them to data that is hard to find.", "It allows them to edit papers quickly.", "It makes them understand how to write a good story.", "It helps them gather historical information."], "label": ["R", "I", "T", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do word processors on computers benefit most students?\nR. It exposes them to data that is hard to find.\nI. It allows them to edit papers quickly.\nT. It makes them understand how to write a good story.\nM. It helps them gather historical information.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3261}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402036", "question": "Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?", "choices": {"text": ["Diamonds have sharp edges.", "Talc is softer than diamonds.", "Diamonds are very valuable.", "Talc and diamonds are both minerals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?\nA. Diamonds have sharp edges.\nB. Talc is softer than diamonds.\nC. Diamonds are very valuable.\nD. Talc and diamonds are both minerals.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?", "choices": {"text": ["Talc is softer than diamonds.", "Talc and diamonds are both minerals.", "Diamonds have sharp edges.", "Diamonds are very valuable."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?\nA. Talc is softer than diamonds.\nB. Talc and diamonds are both minerals.\nC. Diamonds have sharp edges.\nD. Diamonds are very valuable.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?", "choices": {"text": ["Diamonds have sharp edges.", "Talc is softer than diamonds.", "Diamonds are very valuable.", "Talc and diamonds are both minerals."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?\n1. Diamonds have sharp edges.\n2. Talc is softer than diamonds.\n3. Diamonds are very valuable.\n4. Talc and diamonds are both minerals.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?", "choices": {"text": ["Diamonds have sharp edges.", "Talc is softer than diamonds.", "Diamonds are very valuable.", "Talc and diamonds are both minerals."], "label": ["W", "X", "Z", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?\nW. Diamonds have sharp edges.\nX. Talc is softer than diamonds.\nZ. Diamonds are very valuable.\nT. Talc and diamonds are both minerals.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?", "choices": {"text": ["Talc is softer than diamonds.", "Talc and diamonds are both minerals.", "Diamonds have sharp edges.", "Diamonds are very valuable."], "label": ["W", "X", "Z", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students observed that a diamond was able to scratch a piece of talc. What does this observation best support?\nW. Talc is softer than diamonds.\nX. Talc and diamonds are both minerals.\nZ. Diamonds have sharp edges.\nT. Diamonds are very valuable.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3262}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7230423", "question": "Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?", "choices": {"text": ["increase in available ecological niches", "increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels", "increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms", "increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?\nA. increase in available ecological niches\nB. increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels\nC. increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms\nD. increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?", "choices": {"text": ["increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels", "increase in available ecological niches", "increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms", "increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?\nA. increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels\nB. increase in available ecological niches\nC. increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms\nD. increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?", "choices": {"text": ["increase in available ecological niches", "increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels", "increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms", "increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?\n1. increase in available ecological niches\n2. increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels\n3. increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms\n4. increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?", "choices": {"text": ["increase in available ecological niches", "increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels", "increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms", "increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species"], "label": ["K", "X", "P", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?\nK. increase in available ecological niches\nX. increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels\nP. increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms\nN. increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?", "choices": {"text": ["increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels", "increase in available ecological niches", "increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms", "increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species"], "label": ["K", "X", "P", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which was a main force driving extensive speciation when the environment became hospitable to life after the Permian mass extinction?\nK. increase of atmospheric oxygen to present levels\nX. increase in available ecological niches\nP. increase in genetic diversity among surviving organisms\nN. increase in interbreeding between organisms of different species\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3263}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2012_8_23649", "question": "Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?", "choices": {"text": ["the slow movement of tectonic plates", "the varying temperatures of each season", "an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans", "an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?\nA. the slow movement of tectonic plates\nB. the varying temperatures of each season\nC. an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans\nD. an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?", "choices": {"text": ["the varying temperatures of each season", "an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms", "an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans", "the slow movement of tectonic plates"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?\nA. the varying temperatures of each season\nB. an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms\nC. an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans\nD. the slow movement of tectonic plates\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?", "choices": {"text": ["the slow movement of tectonic plates", "the varying temperatures of each season", "an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans", "an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?\n1. the slow movement of tectonic plates\n2. the varying temperatures of each season\n3. an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans\n4. an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?", "choices": {"text": ["the slow movement of tectonic plates", "the varying temperatures of each season", "an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans", "an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms"], "label": ["E", "F", "J", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?\nE. the slow movement of tectonic plates\nF. the varying temperatures of each season\nJ. an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans\nZ. an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?", "choices": {"text": ["the varying temperatures of each season", "an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms", "an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans", "the slow movement of tectonic plates"], "label": ["E", "F", "J", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some types of bacteria can only live where oxygen is not present. These bacteria were well adapted to life on Earth over 2 billion years ago. Which of the following changes caused many of these bacteria to become extinct?\nE. the varying temperatures of each season\nF. an increase in the number of photosynthetic organisms\nJ. an increase in volcanic activity under the oceans\nZ. the slow movement of tectonic plates\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3264}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416135", "question": "Which two are functions of flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["attract pollinators and make seeds", "make seeds and store food", "store food and take in water", "take in water and attract pollinators"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two are functions of flowers?\nA. attract pollinators and make seeds\nB. make seeds and store food\nC. store food and take in water\nD. take in water and attract pollinators\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two are functions of flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["store food and take in water", "take in water and attract pollinators", "make seeds and store food", "attract pollinators and make seeds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two are functions of flowers?\nA. store food and take in water\nB. take in water and attract pollinators\nC. make seeds and store food\nD. attract pollinators and make seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two are functions of flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["attract pollinators and make seeds", "make seeds and store food", "store food and take in water", "take in water and attract pollinators"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two are functions of flowers?\n1. attract pollinators and make seeds\n2. make seeds and store food\n3. store food and take in water\n4. take in water and attract pollinators\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two are functions of flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["attract pollinators and make seeds", "make seeds and store food", "store food and take in water", "take in water and attract pollinators"], "label": ["L", "G", "Z", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two are functions of flowers?\nL. attract pollinators and make seeds\nG. make seeds and store food\nZ. store food and take in water\nV. take in water and attract pollinators\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two are functions of flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["store food and take in water", "take in water and attract pollinators", "make seeds and store food", "attract pollinators and make seeds"], "label": ["L", "G", "Z", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two are functions of flowers?\nL. store food and take in water\nG. take in water and attract pollinators\nZ. make seeds and store food\nV. attract pollinators and make seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3265}
{"arc_id": "MEAP_2005_8_33", "question": "When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called", "choices": {"text": ["runoff.", "filtration.", "groundwater.", "condensation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called\nA. runoff.\nB. filtration.\nC. groundwater.\nD. condensation.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called", "choices": {"text": ["condensation.", "filtration.", "runoff.", "groundwater."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called\nA. condensation.\nB. filtration.\nC. runoff.\nD. groundwater.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called", "choices": {"text": ["runoff.", "filtration.", "groundwater.", "condensation."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called\n1. runoff.\n2. filtration.\n3. groundwater.\n4. condensation.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called", "choices": {"text": ["runoff.", "filtration.", "groundwater.", "condensation."], "label": ["V", "Z", "G", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called\nV. runoff.\nZ. filtration.\nG. groundwater.\nM. condensation.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called", "choices": {"text": ["condensation.", "filtration.", "runoff.", "groundwater."], "label": ["V", "Z", "G", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: When soil becomes saturated during rainfall, excess water begins to collect on the surface. Downslope movement of this excess water to rivers, lakes, and streams is called\nV. condensation.\nZ. filtration.\nG. runoff.\nM. groundwater.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3266}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_415686", "question": "What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?", "choices": {"text": ["heat energy", "kinetic energy", "electrical energy", "electromagnetic energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?\nA. heat energy\nB. kinetic energy\nC. electrical energy\nD. electromagnetic energy\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy", "electromagnetic energy", "heat energy", "electrical energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?\nA. kinetic energy\nB. electromagnetic energy\nC. heat energy\nD. electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?", "choices": {"text": ["heat energy", "kinetic energy", "electrical energy", "electromagnetic energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?\n1. heat energy\n2. kinetic energy\n3. electrical energy\n4. electromagnetic energy\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?", "choices": {"text": ["heat energy", "kinetic energy", "electrical energy", "electromagnetic energy"], "label": ["X", "I", "K", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?\nX. heat energy\nI. kinetic energy\nK. electrical energy\nT. electromagnetic energy\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy", "electromagnetic energy", "heat energy", "electrical energy"], "label": ["X", "I", "K", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of energy is transmitted from the Sun to Earth through space?\nX. kinetic energy\nI. electromagnetic energy\nK. heat energy\nT. electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3267}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_5_49", "question": "What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?", "choices": {"text": ["the Gulf Stream", "the jet stream", "La Niña", "El Niño"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?\nA. the Gulf Stream\nB. the jet stream\nC. La Niña\nD. El Niño\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?", "choices": {"text": ["El Niño", "the Gulf Stream", "La Niña", "the jet stream"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?\nA. El Niño\nB. the Gulf Stream\nC. La Niña\nD. the jet stream\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?", "choices": {"text": ["the Gulf Stream", "the jet stream", "La Niña", "El Niño"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?\n1. the Gulf Stream\n2. the jet stream\n3. La Niña\n4. El Niño\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?", "choices": {"text": ["the Gulf Stream", "the jet stream", "La Niña", "El Niño"], "label": ["G", "B", "D", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?\nG. the Gulf Stream\nB. the jet stream\nD. La Niña\nH. El Niño\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?", "choices": {"text": ["El Niño", "the Gulf Stream", "La Niña", "the jet stream"], "label": ["G", "B", "D", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the cause of rising surface temperatures of the Pacific Ocean, drought in the western United States, and flooding on the Pacific coast of South America?\nG. El Niño\nB. the Gulf Stream\nD. La Niña\nH. the jet stream\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3268}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7027265", "question": "Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?", "choices": {"text": ["ozone thinning", "landfill creation", "shoreline erosion", "greenhouse heating"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?\nA. ozone thinning\nB. landfill creation\nC. shoreline erosion\nD. greenhouse heating\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?", "choices": {"text": ["landfill creation", "greenhouse heating", "ozone thinning", "shoreline erosion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?\nA. landfill creation\nB. greenhouse heating\nC. ozone thinning\nD. shoreline erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?", "choices": {"text": ["ozone thinning", "landfill creation", "shoreline erosion", "greenhouse heating"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?\n1. ozone thinning\n2. landfill creation\n3. shoreline erosion\n4. greenhouse heating\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?", "choices": {"text": ["ozone thinning", "landfill creation", "shoreline erosion", "greenhouse heating"], "label": ["Q", "K", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?\nQ. ozone thinning\nK. landfill creation\nI. shoreline erosion\nU. greenhouse heating\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?", "choices": {"text": ["landfill creation", "greenhouse heating", "ozone thinning", "shoreline erosion"], "label": ["Q", "K", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use of nuclear fuel would most likely reduce human contributions to which environmental problem?\nQ. landfill creation\nK. greenhouse heating\nI. ozone thinning\nU. shoreline erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3269}
{"arc_id": "MEAP_2004_8_48", "question": "What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?", "choices": {"text": ["degrees Celsius", "kilograms", "milliliters", "centimeters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?\nA. degrees Celsius\nB. kilograms\nC. milliliters\nD. centimeters\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?", "choices": {"text": ["milliliters", "centimeters", "kilograms", "degrees Celsius"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?\nA. milliliters\nB. centimeters\nC. kilograms\nD. degrees Celsius\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?", "choices": {"text": ["degrees Celsius", "kilograms", "milliliters", "centimeters"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?\n1. degrees Celsius\n2. kilograms\n3. milliliters\n4. centimeters\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?", "choices": {"text": ["degrees Celsius", "kilograms", "milliliters", "centimeters"], "label": ["Y", "L", "H", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?\nY. degrees Celsius\nL. kilograms\nH. milliliters\nF. centimeters\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?", "choices": {"text": ["milliliters", "centimeters", "kilograms", "degrees Celsius"], "label": ["Y", "L", "H", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What unit of measure should Jerry use to report the volume of a liquid?\nY. milliliters\nL. centimeters\nH. kilograms\nF. degrees Celsius\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3270}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2001_8_9", "question": "Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except", "choices": {"text": ["melting iron ore.", "producing lumber.", "molding plastic.", "crushing rock into gravel."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except\nA. melting iron ore.\nB. producing lumber.\nC. molding plastic.\nD. crushing rock into gravel.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except", "choices": {"text": ["crushing rock into gravel.", "molding plastic.", "melting iron ore.", "producing lumber."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except\nA. crushing rock into gravel.\nB. molding plastic.\nC. melting iron ore.\nD. producing lumber.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except", "choices": {"text": ["melting iron ore.", "producing lumber.", "molding plastic.", "crushing rock into gravel."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except\n1. melting iron ore.\n2. producing lumber.\n3. molding plastic.\n4. crushing rock into gravel.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except", "choices": {"text": ["melting iron ore.", "producing lumber.", "molding plastic.", "crushing rock into gravel."], "label": ["L", "I", "E", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except\nL. melting iron ore.\nI. producing lumber.\nE. molding plastic.\nF. crushing rock into gravel.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except", "choices": {"text": ["crushing rock into gravel.", "molding plastic.", "melting iron ore.", "producing lumber."], "label": ["L", "I", "E", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Manufacturing uses many steps to change natural resources into products. Some of these steps change natural resources into industrial materials. These steps are called primary processes. All of the following are primary processes except\nL. crushing rock into gravel.\nI. molding plastic.\nE. melting iron ore.\nF. producing lumber.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3271}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_9_20", "question": "What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?", "choices": {"text": ["decoder", "encoder", "receiver", "transmitter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?\nA. decoder\nB. encoder\nC. receiver\nD. transmitter\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?", "choices": {"text": ["receiver", "encoder", "transmitter", "decoder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?\nA. receiver\nB. encoder\nC. transmitter\nD. decoder\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?", "choices": {"text": ["decoder", "encoder", "receiver", "transmitter"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?\n1. decoder\n2. encoder\n3. receiver\n4. transmitter\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?", "choices": {"text": ["decoder", "encoder", "receiver", "transmitter"], "label": ["G", "C", "N", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?\nG. decoder\nC. encoder\nN. receiver\nD. transmitter\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?", "choices": {"text": ["receiver", "encoder", "transmitter", "decoder"], "label": ["G", "C", "N", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of a communication system converts binary codes in a computer into recognizable characters?\nG. receiver\nC. encoder\nN. transmitter\nD. decoder\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3272}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_27", "question": "Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?", "choices": {"text": ["faulting", "tilting", "weathering", "erupting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?\nA. faulting\nB. tilting\nC. weathering\nD. erupting\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?", "choices": {"text": ["erupting", "tilting", "faulting", "weathering"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?\nA. erupting\nB. tilting\nC. faulting\nD. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?", "choices": {"text": ["faulting", "tilting", "weathering", "erupting"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?\n1. faulting\n2. tilting\n3. weathering\n4. erupting\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?", "choices": {"text": ["faulting", "tilting", "weathering", "erupting"], "label": ["G", "W", "O", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?\nG. faulting\nW. tilting\nO. weathering\nP. erupting\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?", "choices": {"text": ["erupting", "tilting", "faulting", "weathering"], "label": ["G", "W", "O", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which geologic process occurs when the acid in precipitation dissolves certain types of rock?\nG. erupting\nW. tilting\nO. faulting\nP. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3273}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400871", "question": "Water evaporates mostly from", "choices": {"text": ["land.", "snow.", "clouds.", "oceans."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water evaporates mostly from\nA. land.\nB. snow.\nC. clouds.\nD. oceans.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Water evaporates mostly from", "choices": {"text": ["clouds.", "land.", "oceans.", "snow."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water evaporates mostly from\nA. clouds.\nB. land.\nC. oceans.\nD. snow.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Water evaporates mostly from", "choices": {"text": ["land.", "snow.", "clouds.", "oceans."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water evaporates mostly from\n1. land.\n2. snow.\n3. clouds.\n4. oceans.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Water evaporates mostly from", "choices": {"text": ["land.", "snow.", "clouds.", "oceans."], "label": ["B", "N", "U", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water evaporates mostly from\nB. land.\nN. snow.\nU. clouds.\nO. oceans.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Water evaporates mostly from", "choices": {"text": ["clouds.", "land.", "oceans.", "snow."], "label": ["B", "N", "U", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water evaporates mostly from\nB. clouds.\nN. land.\nU. oceans.\nO. snow.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3274}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408250", "question": "Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "mass", "temperature", "volume"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?\nA. density\nB. mass\nC. temperature\nD. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "density", "temperature", "volume"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?\nA. mass\nB. density\nC. temperature\nD. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "mass", "temperature", "volume"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?\n1. density\n2. mass\n3. temperature\n4. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?", "choices": {"text": ["density", "mass", "temperature", "volume"], "label": ["X", "C", "B", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?\nX. density\nC. mass\nB. temperature\nJ. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "density", "temperature", "volume"], "label": ["X", "C", "B", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Robin compared the properties of some rocks. Which property did she most likely compare with a balance?\nX. mass\nC. density\nB. temperature\nJ. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3275}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_36", "question": "Because copper is a metal, it is", "choices": {"text": ["liquid at room temperature", "nonreactive with other substances", "a poor conductor of electricity", "a good conductor of heat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Because copper is a metal, it is\nA. liquid at room temperature\nB. nonreactive with other substances\nC. a poor conductor of electricity\nD. a good conductor of heat\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Because copper is a metal, it is", "choices": {"text": ["a good conductor of heat", "liquid at room temperature", "a poor conductor of electricity", "nonreactive with other substances"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Because copper is a metal, it is\nA. a good conductor of heat\nB. liquid at room temperature\nC. a poor conductor of electricity\nD. nonreactive with other substances\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Because copper is a metal, it is", "choices": {"text": ["liquid at room temperature", "nonreactive with other substances", "a poor conductor of electricity", "a good conductor of heat"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Because copper is a metal, it is\n1. liquid at room temperature\n2. nonreactive with other substances\n3. a poor conductor of electricity\n4. a good conductor of heat\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Because copper is a metal, it is", "choices": {"text": ["liquid at room temperature", "nonreactive with other substances", "a poor conductor of electricity", "a good conductor of heat"], "label": ["U", "I", "P", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Because copper is a metal, it is\nU. liquid at room temperature\nI. nonreactive with other substances\nP. a poor conductor of electricity\nZ. a good conductor of heat\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Because copper is a metal, it is", "choices": {"text": ["a good conductor of heat", "liquid at room temperature", "a poor conductor of electricity", "nonreactive with other substances"], "label": ["U", "I", "P", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Because copper is a metal, it is\nU. a good conductor of heat\nI. liquid at room temperature\nP. a poor conductor of electricity\nZ. nonreactive with other substances\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3276}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_LBS10523", "question": "What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering", "erosion", "decomposition", "succession"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?\nA. weathering\nB. erosion\nC. decomposition\nD. succession\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?", "choices": {"text": ["succession", "weathering", "erosion", "decomposition"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?\nA. succession\nB. weathering\nC. erosion\nD. decomposition\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering", "erosion", "decomposition", "succession"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?\n1. weathering\n2. erosion\n3. decomposition\n4. succession\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering", "erosion", "decomposition", "succession"], "label": ["Y", "B", "S", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?\nY. weathering\nB. erosion\nS. decomposition\nE. succession\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?", "choices": {"text": ["succession", "weathering", "erosion", "decomposition"], "label": ["Y", "B", "S", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: What process makes it possible for the nutrients from organic material to be added to soil?\nY. succession\nB. weathering\nS. erosion\nE. decomposition\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3277}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7044083", "question": "Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?", "choices": {"text": ["Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.", "The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer.", "The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.", "If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?\nA. Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.\nB. The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer.\nC. The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.\nD. If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?", "choices": {"text": ["If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated.", "The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.", "Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.", "The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?\nA. If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated.\nB. The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.\nC. Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.\nD. The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?", "choices": {"text": ["Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.", "The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer.", "The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.", "If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?\n1. Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.\n2. The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer.\n3. The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.\n4. If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?", "choices": {"text": ["Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.", "The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer.", "The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.", "If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated."], "label": ["N", "C", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?\nN. Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.\nC. The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer.\nR. The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.\nH. If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?", "choices": {"text": ["If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated.", "The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.", "Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.", "The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer."], "label": ["N", "C", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why is it not a safe practice to place a fuel depot over an aquifer?\nN. If the fuel leaks, the water in the aquifer will become contaminated.\nC. The fumes escaping from the fuel depot are explosive.\nR. Aquifers are too high up in the mountains.\nH. The weight of the depot is too great over the aquifer.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3278}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_402144", "question": "Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?", "choices": {"text": ["heat being added to oxygen", "helium mixing with oxygen", "heat combining with oxygen", "hydrogen and oxygen combining"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?\nA. heat being added to oxygen\nB. helium mixing with oxygen\nC. heat combining with oxygen\nD. hydrogen and oxygen combining\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?", "choices": {"text": ["heat being added to oxygen", "hydrogen and oxygen combining", "helium mixing with oxygen", "heat combining with oxygen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?\nA. heat being added to oxygen\nB. hydrogen and oxygen combining\nC. helium mixing with oxygen\nD. heat combining with oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?", "choices": {"text": ["heat being added to oxygen", "helium mixing with oxygen", "heat combining with oxygen", "hydrogen and oxygen combining"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?\n1. heat being added to oxygen\n2. helium mixing with oxygen\n3. heat combining with oxygen\n4. hydrogen and oxygen combining\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?", "choices": {"text": ["heat being added to oxygen", "helium mixing with oxygen", "heat combining with oxygen", "hydrogen and oxygen combining"], "label": ["F", "Q", "O", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?\nF. heat being added to oxygen\nQ. helium mixing with oxygen\nO. heat combining with oxygen\nV. hydrogen and oxygen combining\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?", "choices": {"text": ["heat being added to oxygen", "hydrogen and oxygen combining", "helium mixing with oxygen", "heat combining with oxygen"], "label": ["F", "Q", "O", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Look at the equation. 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> 2H_{2}O What does the equation show?\nF. heat being added to oxygen\nQ. hydrogen and oxygen combining\nO. helium mixing with oxygen\nV. heat combining with oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3279}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_8_49", "question": "Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?", "choices": {"text": ["Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.", "Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?\nA. Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.\nB. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.\nC. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.\nD. Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?", "choices": {"text": ["In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.", "Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.", "Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?\nA. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.\nB. Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.\nC. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.\nD. Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?", "choices": {"text": ["Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.", "Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?\n1. Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.\n2. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.\n3. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.\n4. Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?", "choices": {"text": ["Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.", "Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock."], "label": ["H", "J", "T", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?\nH. Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.\nJ. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.\nT. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.\nM. Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?", "choices": {"text": ["In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.", "Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.", "In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.", "Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock."], "label": ["H", "J", "T", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the Law of Superposition?\nH. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the lowest layers contain the older rocks.\nJ. Each sedimentary layer of rock represents 1,000 years of Earth's age, much like the rings of a tree.\nT. In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the upper rock layers are older than the lower rock layers.\nM. Rocks that form near volcanoes are older than surrounding rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3280}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_12", "question": "Which object is the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["glass rod", "wooden stick", "plastic straw", "metal nail"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is the best conductor of electricity?\nA. glass rod\nB. wooden stick\nC. plastic straw\nD. metal nail\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["metal nail", "glass rod", "wooden stick", "plastic straw"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is the best conductor of electricity?\nA. metal nail\nB. glass rod\nC. wooden stick\nD. plastic straw\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["glass rod", "wooden stick", "plastic straw", "metal nail"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is the best conductor of electricity?\n1. glass rod\n2. wooden stick\n3. plastic straw\n4. metal nail\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["glass rod", "wooden stick", "plastic straw", "metal nail"], "label": ["N", "F", "L", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is the best conductor of electricity?\nN. glass rod\nF. wooden stick\nL. plastic straw\nA. metal nail\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["metal nail", "glass rod", "wooden stick", "plastic straw"], "label": ["N", "F", "L", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is the best conductor of electricity?\nN. metal nail\nF. glass rod\nL. wooden stick\nA. plastic straw\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3281}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_20", "question": "Green plants get the energy they need to make food from", "choices": {"text": ["water", "air", "soil", "sunlight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Green plants get the energy they need to make food from\nA. water\nB. air\nC. soil\nD. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Green plants get the energy they need to make food from", "choices": {"text": ["sunlight", "water", "soil", "air"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Green plants get the energy they need to make food from\nA. sunlight\nB. water\nC. soil\nD. air\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Green plants get the energy they need to make food from", "choices": {"text": ["water", "air", "soil", "sunlight"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Green plants get the energy they need to make food from\n1. water\n2. air\n3. soil\n4. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Green plants get the energy they need to make food from", "choices": {"text": ["water", "air", "soil", "sunlight"], "label": ["D", "E", "U", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Green plants get the energy they need to make food from\nD. water\nE. air\nU. soil\nT. sunlight\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Green plants get the energy they need to make food from", "choices": {"text": ["sunlight", "water", "soil", "air"], "label": ["D", "E", "U", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Green plants get the energy they need to make food from\nD. sunlight\nE. water\nU. soil\nT. air\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3282}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7068600", "question": "Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?", "choices": {"text": ["color", "hardness", "cleavage", "luster"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?\nA. color\nB. hardness\nC. cleavage\nD. luster\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?", "choices": {"text": ["color", "cleavage", "luster", "hardness"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?\nA. color\nB. cleavage\nC. luster\nD. hardness\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?", "choices": {"text": ["color", "hardness", "cleavage", "luster"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?\n1. color\n2. hardness\n3. cleavage\n4. luster\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?", "choices": {"text": ["color", "hardness", "cleavage", "luster"], "label": ["Q", "H", "R", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?\nQ. color\nH. hardness\nR. cleavage\nN. luster\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?", "choices": {"text": ["color", "cleavage", "luster", "hardness"], "label": ["Q", "H", "R", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property of a mineral is most likely being tested when it is scratched with a nail?\nQ. color\nH. cleavage\nR. luster\nN. hardness\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3283}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_5_14", "question": "Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?", "choices": {"text": ["in a volcano", "on a forest floor", "on a coral reef", "at the bottom of a river"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?\nA. in a volcano\nB. on a forest floor\nC. on a coral reef\nD. at the bottom of a river\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?", "choices": {"text": ["on a coral reef", "on a forest floor", "at the bottom of a river", "in a volcano"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?\nA. on a coral reef\nB. on a forest floor\nC. at the bottom of a river\nD. in a volcano\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?", "choices": {"text": ["in a volcano", "on a forest floor", "on a coral reef", "at the bottom of a river"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?\n1. in a volcano\n2. on a forest floor\n3. on a coral reef\n4. at the bottom of a river\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?", "choices": {"text": ["in a volcano", "on a forest floor", "on a coral reef", "at the bottom of a river"], "label": ["M", "Q", "N", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?\nM. in a volcano\nQ. on a forest floor\nN. on a coral reef\nB. at the bottom of a river\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?", "choices": {"text": ["on a coral reef", "on a forest floor", "at the bottom of a river", "in a volcano"], "label": ["M", "Q", "N", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?\nM. on a coral reef\nQ. on a forest floor\nN. at the bottom of a river\nB. in a volcano\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3284}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409024", "question": "Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "salt", "sugar"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?\nA. carbon dioxide\nB. oxygen\nC. salt\nD. sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "sugar", "carbon dioxide", "salt"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?\nA. oxygen\nB. sugar\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. salt\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "salt", "sugar"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?\n1. carbon dioxide\n2. oxygen\n3. salt\n4. sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "salt", "sugar"], "label": ["X", "A", "T", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?\nX. carbon dioxide\nA. oxygen\nT. salt\nG. sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "sugar", "carbon dioxide", "salt"], "label": ["X", "A", "T", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals get energy from eating food that comes from plants. Plants survive by taking in substances that are released by animals. What substance do animals release that plants take in?\nX. oxygen\nA. sugar\nT. carbon dioxide\nG. salt\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3285}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7007928", "question": "Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?", "choices": {"text": ["wind", "humidity", "air pressure", "temperature"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?\nA. wind\nB. humidity\nC. air pressure\nD. temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?", "choices": {"text": ["air pressure", "humidity", "temperature", "wind"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?\nA. air pressure\nB. humidity\nC. temperature\nD. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?", "choices": {"text": ["wind", "humidity", "air pressure", "temperature"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?\n1. wind\n2. humidity\n3. air pressure\n4. temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?", "choices": {"text": ["wind", "humidity", "air pressure", "temperature"], "label": ["D", "V", "R", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?\nD. wind\nV. humidity\nR. air pressure\nZ. temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?", "choices": {"text": ["air pressure", "humidity", "temperature", "wind"], "label": ["D", "V", "R", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor determines whether precipitation will be in the form of rain or snow?\nD. air pressure\nV. humidity\nR. temperature\nZ. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3286}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7038850", "question": "Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?", "choices": {"text": ["metal", "glass", "plastic", "wood"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?\nA. metal\nB. glass\nC. plastic\nD. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?", "choices": {"text": ["wood", "metal", "plastic", "glass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?\nA. wood\nB. metal\nC. plastic\nD. glass\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?", "choices": {"text": ["metal", "glass", "plastic", "wood"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?\n1. metal\n2. glass\n3. plastic\n4. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?", "choices": {"text": ["metal", "glass", "plastic", "wood"], "label": ["D", "U", "Y", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?\nD. metal\nU. glass\nY. plastic\nO. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?", "choices": {"text": ["wood", "metal", "plastic", "glass"], "label": ["D", "U", "Y", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these materials transfers heat energy quickest?\nD. wood\nU. metal\nY. plastic\nO. glass\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3287}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400598", "question": "Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good", "choices": {"text": ["resistors.", "magnets.", "insulators.", "conductors."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good\nA. resistors.\nB. magnets.\nC. insulators.\nD. conductors.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good", "choices": {"text": ["magnets.", "conductors.", "resistors.", "insulators."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good\nA. magnets.\nB. conductors.\nC. resistors.\nD. insulators.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good", "choices": {"text": ["resistors.", "magnets.", "insulators.", "conductors."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good\n1. resistors.\n2. magnets.\n3. insulators.\n4. conductors.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good", "choices": {"text": ["resistors.", "magnets.", "insulators.", "conductors."], "label": ["Z", "T", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good\nZ. resistors.\nT. magnets.\nX. insulators.\nQ. conductors.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good", "choices": {"text": ["magnets.", "conductors.", "resistors.", "insulators."], "label": ["Z", "T", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical wires are coated with a rubber or plastic because these materials are good\nZ. magnets.\nT. conductors.\nX. resistors.\nQ. insulators.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3288}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7239313", "question": "An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?", "choices": {"text": ["emigration", "immigration", "number of births", "amount of food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?\nA. emigration\nB. immigration\nC. number of births\nD. amount of food\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?", "choices": {"text": ["amount of food", "emigration", "number of births", "immigration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?\nA. amount of food\nB. emigration\nC. number of births\nD. immigration\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?", "choices": {"text": ["emigration", "immigration", "number of births", "amount of food"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?\n1. emigration\n2. immigration\n3. number of births\n4. amount of food\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?", "choices": {"text": ["emigration", "immigration", "number of births", "amount of food"], "label": ["R", "H", "Y", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?\nR. emigration\nH. immigration\nY. number of births\nF. amount of food\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?", "choices": {"text": ["amount of food", "emigration", "number of births", "immigration"], "label": ["R", "H", "Y", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in which ecosystem factor could cause a population decline in a bird species?\nR. amount of food\nH. emigration\nY. number of births\nF. immigration\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3289}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7011760", "question": "Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of", "choices": {"text": ["polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes.", "osteoporosis."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of\nA. polio.\nB. stroke.\nC. diabetes.\nD. osteoporosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of", "choices": {"text": ["diabetes.", "polio.", "osteoporosis.", "stroke."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of\nA. diabetes.\nB. polio.\nC. osteoporosis.\nD. stroke.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of", "choices": {"text": ["polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes.", "osteoporosis."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of\n1. polio.\n2. stroke.\n3. diabetes.\n4. osteoporosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of", "choices": {"text": ["polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes.", "osteoporosis."], "label": ["B", "U", "V", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of\nB. polio.\nU. stroke.\nV. diabetes.\nE. osteoporosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of", "choices": {"text": ["diabetes.", "polio.", "osteoporosis.", "stroke."], "label": ["B", "U", "V", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twentieth-century research and development of vaccines significantly reduced the threat of\nB. diabetes.\nU. polio.\nV. osteoporosis.\nE. stroke.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3290}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008785", "question": "The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to", "choices": {"text": ["the number of valence electrons.", "the ratio of protons to neutrons.", "how tightly atoms are packed.", "the number of neutrons in atoms."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to\nA. the number of valence electrons.\nB. the ratio of protons to neutrons.\nC. how tightly atoms are packed.\nD. the number of neutrons in atoms.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to", "choices": {"text": ["how tightly atoms are packed.", "the number of valence electrons.", "the number of neutrons in atoms.", "the ratio of protons to neutrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to\nA. how tightly atoms are packed.\nB. the number of valence electrons.\nC. the number of neutrons in atoms.\nD. the ratio of protons to neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to", "choices": {"text": ["the number of valence electrons.", "the ratio of protons to neutrons.", "how tightly atoms are packed.", "the number of neutrons in atoms."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to\n1. the number of valence electrons.\n2. the ratio of protons to neutrons.\n3. how tightly atoms are packed.\n4. the number of neutrons in atoms.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to", "choices": {"text": ["the number of valence electrons.", "the ratio of protons to neutrons.", "how tightly atoms are packed.", "the number of neutrons in atoms."], "label": ["Q", "N", "Z", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to\nQ. the number of valence electrons.\nN. the ratio of protons to neutrons.\nZ. how tightly atoms are packed.\nK. the number of neutrons in atoms.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to", "choices": {"text": ["how tightly atoms are packed.", "the number of valence electrons.", "the number of neutrons in atoms.", "the ratio of protons to neutrons."], "label": ["Q", "N", "Z", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to\nQ. how tightly atoms are packed.\nN. the number of valence electrons.\nZ. the number of neutrons in atoms.\nK. the ratio of protons to neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3291}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_180863", "question": "Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?", "choices": {"text": ["architectural design", "pollution control", "fire prevention", "space exploration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?\nA. architectural design\nB. pollution control\nC. fire prevention\nD. space exploration\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?", "choices": {"text": ["fire prevention", "architectural design", "space exploration", "pollution control"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?\nA. fire prevention\nB. architectural design\nC. space exploration\nD. pollution control\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?", "choices": {"text": ["architectural design", "pollution control", "fire prevention", "space exploration"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?\n1. architectural design\n2. pollution control\n3. fire prevention\n4. space exploration\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?", "choices": {"text": ["architectural design", "pollution control", "fire prevention", "space exploration"], "label": ["S", "D", "Z", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?\nS. architectural design\nD. pollution control\nZ. fire prevention\nO. space exploration\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?", "choices": {"text": ["fire prevention", "architectural design", "space exploration", "pollution control"], "label": ["S", "D", "Z", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Modern submarines have advanced atmosphere-control systems that enable submarine crews to stay below the surface of the ocean for months at a time. Which of the following also benefits from this technology?\nS. fire prevention\nD. architectural design\nZ. space exploration\nO. pollution control\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3292}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7014560", "question": "Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?", "choices": {"text": ["a ruler and a protractor", "a magnet and a thermometer", "a graduated cylinder and a balance", "an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?\nA. a ruler and a protractor\nB. a magnet and a thermometer\nC. a graduated cylinder and a balance\nD. an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?", "choices": {"text": ["an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner", "a magnet and a thermometer", "a ruler and a protractor", "a graduated cylinder and a balance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?\nA. an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner\nB. a magnet and a thermometer\nC. a ruler and a protractor\nD. a graduated cylinder and a balance\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?", "choices": {"text": ["a ruler and a protractor", "a magnet and a thermometer", "a graduated cylinder and a balance", "an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?\n1. a ruler and a protractor\n2. a magnet and a thermometer\n3. a graduated cylinder and a balance\n4. an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?", "choices": {"text": ["a ruler and a protractor", "a magnet and a thermometer", "a graduated cylinder and a balance", "an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner"], "label": ["D", "C", "V", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?\nD. a ruler and a protractor\nC. a magnet and a thermometer\nV. a graduated cylinder and a balance\nQ. an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?", "choices": {"text": ["an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner", "a magnet and a thermometer", "a ruler and a protractor", "a graduated cylinder and a balance"], "label": ["D", "C", "V", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?\nD. an Erlenmeyer flask and a Bunsen burner\nC. a magnet and a thermometer\nV. a ruler and a protractor\nQ. a graduated cylinder and a balance\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3293}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405059", "question": "Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "hydrogen", "natural gas", "water vapor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?\nA. oil\nB. hydrogen\nC. natural gas\nD. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen", "oil", "water vapor", "natural gas"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?\nA. hydrogen\nB. oil\nC. water vapor\nD. natural gas\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "hydrogen", "natural gas", "water vapor"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?\n1. oil\n2. hydrogen\n3. natural gas\n4. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "hydrogen", "natural gas", "water vapor"], "label": ["I", "H", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?\nI. oil\nH. hydrogen\nS. natural gas\nW. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen", "oil", "water vapor", "natural gas"], "label": ["I", "H", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gasoline is a nonrenewable energy resource used in most cars and trucks. Gasoline is made from which source?\nI. hydrogen\nH. oil\nS. water vapor\nW. natural gas\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3294}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_179130", "question": "The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere", "lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere", "higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere", "lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?\nA. higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere\nB. lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere\nC. higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere\nD. lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere", "higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere", "lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere", "higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?\nA. lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere\nB. higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere\nC. lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere\nD. higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere", "lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere", "higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere", "lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?\n1. higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere\n2. lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere\n3. higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere\n4. lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere", "lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere", "higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere", "lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere"], "label": ["N", "D", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?\nN. higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere\nD. lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere\nK. higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere\nO. lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere", "higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere", "lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere", "higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere"], "label": ["N", "D", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The average temperature of Earth's surface has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which of the following can best explain this increase in temperature?\nN. lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere\nD. higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere\nK. lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere\nO. higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3295}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_5_17671", "question": "The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.", "choices": {"text": ["moon", "planet", "satellite", "star"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.\nA. moon\nB. planet\nC. satellite\nD. star\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.", "choices": {"text": ["moon", "star", "planet", "satellite"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.\nA. moon\nB. star\nC. planet\nD. satellite\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.", "choices": {"text": ["moon", "planet", "satellite", "star"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.\n1. moon\n2. planet\n3. satellite\n4. star\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.", "choices": {"text": ["moon", "planet", "satellite", "star"], "label": ["K", "D", "J", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.\nK. moon\nD. planet\nJ. satellite\nC. star\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.", "choices": {"text": ["moon", "star", "planet", "satellite"], "label": ["K", "D", "J", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun is the largest body in the solar system. The Sun is a ___.\nK. moon\nD. star\nJ. planet\nC. satellite\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3296}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_14", "question": "Which activity is a good health habit?", "choices": {"text": ["drinking alcohol", "exercising regularly", "sleeping only 5 hours daily", "smoking cigarettes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which activity is a good health habit?\nA. drinking alcohol\nB. exercising regularly\nC. sleeping only 5 hours daily\nD. smoking cigarettes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which activity is a good health habit?", "choices": {"text": ["exercising regularly", "sleeping only 5 hours daily", "drinking alcohol", "smoking cigarettes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which activity is a good health habit?\nA. exercising regularly\nB. sleeping only 5 hours daily\nC. drinking alcohol\nD. smoking cigarettes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which activity is a good health habit?", "choices": {"text": ["drinking alcohol", "exercising regularly", "sleeping only 5 hours daily", "smoking cigarettes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which activity is a good health habit?\n1. drinking alcohol\n2. exercising regularly\n3. sleeping only 5 hours daily\n4. smoking cigarettes\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which activity is a good health habit?", "choices": {"text": ["drinking alcohol", "exercising regularly", "sleeping only 5 hours daily", "smoking cigarettes"], "label": ["Z", "V", "G", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which activity is a good health habit?\nZ. drinking alcohol\nV. exercising regularly\nG. sleeping only 5 hours daily\nW. smoking cigarettes\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which activity is a good health habit?", "choices": {"text": ["exercising regularly", "sleeping only 5 hours daily", "drinking alcohol", "smoking cigarettes"], "label": ["Z", "V", "G", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which activity is a good health habit?\nZ. exercising regularly\nV. sleeping only 5 hours daily\nG. drinking alcohol\nW. smoking cigarettes\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3297}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_6", "question": "The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["extinction", "competition", "biological adaptation", "ecological succession"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of\nA. extinction\nB. competition\nC. biological adaptation\nD. ecological succession\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["biological adaptation", "ecological succession", "extinction", "competition"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of\nA. biological adaptation\nB. ecological succession\nC. extinction\nD. competition\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["extinction", "competition", "biological adaptation", "ecological succession"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of\n1. extinction\n2. competition\n3. biological adaptation\n4. ecological succession\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["extinction", "competition", "biological adaptation", "ecological succession"], "label": ["J", "C", "H", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of\nJ. extinction\nC. competition\nH. biological adaptation\nI. ecological succession\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["biological adaptation", "ecological succession", "extinction", "competition"], "label": ["J", "C", "H", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This change is an example of\nJ. biological adaptation\nC. ecological succession\nH. extinction\nI. competition\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3298}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407227", "question": "What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["soil, water, and oxygen", "oxygen, sunlight, and soil", "carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil", "sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?\nA. soil, water, and oxygen\nB. oxygen, sunlight, and soil\nC. carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil\nD. sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide", "soil, water, and oxygen", "carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil", "oxygen, sunlight, and soil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?\nA. sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide\nB. soil, water, and oxygen\nC. carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil\nD. oxygen, sunlight, and soil\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["soil, water, and oxygen", "oxygen, sunlight, and soil", "carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil", "sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?\n1. soil, water, and oxygen\n2. oxygen, sunlight, and soil\n3. carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil\n4. sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["soil, water, and oxygen", "oxygen, sunlight, and soil", "carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil", "sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide"], "label": ["R", "A", "Q", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?\nR. soil, water, and oxygen\nA. oxygen, sunlight, and soil\nQ. carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil\nF. sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide", "soil, water, and oxygen", "carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil", "oxygen, sunlight, and soil"], "label": ["R", "A", "Q", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What does a plant need to make sugar through photosynthesis?\nR. sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide\nA. soil, water, and oxygen\nQ. carbon dioxide, sunlight, and soil\nF. oxygen, sunlight, and soil\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3299}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_27", "question": "Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["migration", "camouflage", "hibernation", "growth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of\nA. migration\nB. camouflage\nC. hibernation\nD. growth\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["growth", "migration", "hibernation", "camouflage"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of\nA. growth\nB. migration\nC. hibernation\nD. camouflage\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["migration", "camouflage", "hibernation", "growth"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of\n1. migration\n2. camouflage\n3. hibernation\n4. growth\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["migration", "camouflage", "hibernation", "growth"], "label": ["X", "B", "I", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of\nX. migration\nB. camouflage\nI. hibernation\nS. growth\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["growth", "migration", "hibernation", "camouflage"], "label": ["X", "B", "I", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some birds fly south in the fall and return in the spring. This is an example of\nX. growth\nB. migration\nI. hibernation\nS. camouflage\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3300}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401779", "question": "Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?", "choices": {"text": ["oven mitts", "a metal bowl", "a wooden spoon", "rubber soled shoes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?\nA. oven mitts\nB. a metal bowl\nC. a wooden spoon\nD. rubber soled shoes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?", "choices": {"text": ["oven mitts", "rubber soled shoes", "a wooden spoon", "a metal bowl"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?\nA. oven mitts\nB. rubber soled shoes\nC. a wooden spoon\nD. a metal bowl\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?", "choices": {"text": ["oven mitts", "a metal bowl", "a wooden spoon", "rubber soled shoes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?\n1. oven mitts\n2. a metal bowl\n3. a wooden spoon\n4. rubber soled shoes\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?", "choices": {"text": ["oven mitts", "a metal bowl", "a wooden spoon", "rubber soled shoes"], "label": ["B", "U", "K", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?\nB. oven mitts\nU. a metal bowl\nK. a wooden spoon\nG. rubber soled shoes\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?", "choices": {"text": ["oven mitts", "rubber soled shoes", "a wooden spoon", "a metal bowl"], "label": ["B", "U", "K", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the best conductor of heat?\nB. oven mitts\nU. rubber soled shoes\nK. a wooden spoon\nG. a metal bowl\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3301}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2008_5_30", "question": "Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?", "choices": {"text": ["Glaciers melt and form rivers.", "Wind weathers rocks into sand.", "Earthquakes move land and rocks.", "Rivers carry sediment and build deltas."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?\nA. Glaciers melt and form rivers.\nB. Wind weathers rocks into sand.\nC. Earthquakes move land and rocks.\nD. Rivers carry sediment and build deltas.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?", "choices": {"text": ["Wind weathers rocks into sand.", "Glaciers melt and form rivers.", "Rivers carry sediment and build deltas.", "Earthquakes move land and rocks."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?\nA. Wind weathers rocks into sand.\nB. Glaciers melt and form rivers.\nC. Rivers carry sediment and build deltas.\nD. Earthquakes move land and rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?", "choices": {"text": ["Glaciers melt and form rivers.", "Wind weathers rocks into sand.", "Earthquakes move land and rocks.", "Rivers carry sediment and build deltas."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?\n1. Glaciers melt and form rivers.\n2. Wind weathers rocks into sand.\n3. Earthquakes move land and rocks.\n4. Rivers carry sediment and build deltas.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?", "choices": {"text": ["Glaciers melt and form rivers.", "Wind weathers rocks into sand.", "Earthquakes move land and rocks.", "Rivers carry sediment and build deltas."], "label": ["R", "B", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?\nR. Glaciers melt and form rivers.\nB. Wind weathers rocks into sand.\nP. Earthquakes move land and rocks.\nY. Rivers carry sediment and build deltas.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?", "choices": {"text": ["Wind weathers rocks into sand.", "Glaciers melt and form rivers.", "Rivers carry sediment and build deltas.", "Earthquakes move land and rocks."], "label": ["R", "B", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some processes that shape Earth's surface are slow. Other processes are rapid. Which statement describes a rapid change?\nR. Wind weathers rocks into sand.\nB. Glaciers melt and form rivers.\nP. Rivers carry sediment and build deltas.\nY. Earthquakes move land and rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3302}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400181", "question": "Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?", "choices": {"text": ["shape", "texture", "melting point", "state of matter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?\nA. shape\nB. texture\nC. melting point\nD. state of matter\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?", "choices": {"text": ["melting point", "shape", "state of matter", "texture"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?\nA. melting point\nB. shape\nC. state of matter\nD. texture\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?", "choices": {"text": ["shape", "texture", "melting point", "state of matter"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?\n1. shape\n2. texture\n3. melting point\n4. state of matter\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?", "choices": {"text": ["shape", "texture", "melting point", "state of matter"], "label": ["G", "H", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?\nG. shape\nH. texture\nS. melting point\nW. state of matter\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?", "choices": {"text": ["melting point", "shape", "state of matter", "texture"], "label": ["G", "H", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic best identifies a pure substance?\nG. melting point\nH. shape\nS. state of matter\nW. texture\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3303}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7222670", "question": "Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?", "choices": {"text": ["Jovian planets", "Halley's comet", "Milky Way galaxy", "Orion's belt"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?\nA. Jovian planets\nB. Halley's comet\nC. Milky Way galaxy\nD. Orion's belt\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?", "choices": {"text": ["Milky Way galaxy", "Halley's comet", "Orion's belt", "Jovian planets"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?\nA. Milky Way galaxy\nB. Halley's comet\nC. Orion's belt\nD. Jovian planets\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?", "choices": {"text": ["Jovian planets", "Halley's comet", "Milky Way galaxy", "Orion's belt"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?\n1. Jovian planets\n2. Halley's comet\n3. Milky Way galaxy\n4. Orion's belt\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?", "choices": {"text": ["Jovian planets", "Halley's comet", "Milky Way galaxy", "Orion's belt"], "label": ["U", "T", "Z", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?\nU. Jovian planets\nT. Halley's comet\nZ. Milky Way galaxy\nJ. Orion's belt\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?", "choices": {"text": ["Milky Way galaxy", "Halley's comet", "Orion's belt", "Jovian planets"], "label": ["U", "T", "Z", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?\nU. Milky Way galaxy\nT. Halley's comet\nZ. Orion's belt\nJ. Jovian planets\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3304}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7016328", "question": "Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?", "choices": {"text": ["electron", "neutron", "nucleus", "proton"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?\nA. electron\nB. neutron\nC. nucleus\nD. proton\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?", "choices": {"text": ["proton", "nucleus", "neutron", "electron"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?\nA. proton\nB. nucleus\nC. neutron\nD. electron\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?", "choices": {"text": ["electron", "neutron", "nucleus", "proton"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?\n1. electron\n2. neutron\n3. nucleus\n4. proton\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?", "choices": {"text": ["electron", "neutron", "nucleus", "proton"], "label": ["R", "L", "Q", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?\nR. electron\nL. neutron\nQ. nucleus\nG. proton\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?", "choices": {"text": ["proton", "nucleus", "neutron", "electron"], "label": ["R", "L", "Q", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which atomic structure has the greatest mass?\nR. proton\nL. nucleus\nQ. neutron\nG. electron\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3305}
{"arc_id": "MEAP_2005_8_14", "question": "When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?", "choices": {"text": ["farming", "restoring wetlands", "species reintroduction", "excessive groundwater use"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?\nA. farming\nB. restoring wetlands\nC. species reintroduction\nD. excessive groundwater use\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?", "choices": {"text": ["restoring wetlands", "species reintroduction", "excessive groundwater use", "farming"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?\nA. restoring wetlands\nB. species reintroduction\nC. excessive groundwater use\nD. farming\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?", "choices": {"text": ["farming", "restoring wetlands", "species reintroduction", "excessive groundwater use"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?\n1. farming\n2. restoring wetlands\n3. species reintroduction\n4. excessive groundwater use\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?", "choices": {"text": ["farming", "restoring wetlands", "species reintroduction", "excessive groundwater use"], "label": ["V", "P", "H", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?\nV. farming\nP. restoring wetlands\nH. species reintroduction\nE. excessive groundwater use\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?", "choices": {"text": ["restoring wetlands", "species reintroduction", "excessive groundwater use", "farming"], "label": ["V", "P", "H", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: When European settlers first came to North America, the average thickness of the top layer of soil was approximately 23 cm. Today, the average thickness of the top layer of soil is less than 15 cm. Which of the following factors has most likely had the greatest effect on erosion of the top layer of soil?\nV. restoring wetlands\nP. species reintroduction\nH. excessive groundwater use\nE. farming\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3306}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_8_pg4", "question": "Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?", "choices": {"text": ["100%", "90%", "70%", "3%"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?\nA. 100%\nB. 90%\nC. 70%\nD. 3%\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?", "choices": {"text": ["70%", "3%", "90%", "100%"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?\nA. 70%\nB. 3%\nC. 90%\nD. 100%\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?", "choices": {"text": ["100%", "90%", "70%", "3%"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?\n1. 100%\n2. 90%\n3. 70%\n4. 3%\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?", "choices": {"text": ["100%", "90%", "70%", "3%"], "label": ["Z", "Y", "R", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?\nZ. 100%\nY. 90%\nR. 70%\nN. 3%\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?", "choices": {"text": ["70%", "3%", "90%", "100%"], "label": ["Z", "Y", "R", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the total water on earth that is freshwater?\nZ. 70%\nY. 3%\nR. 90%\nN. 100%\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3307}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_34", "question": "Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in sea level", "a decrease in average surface temperatures", "an increase in melting of polar ice caps", "an increase in crustal plate movement"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes\nA. a decrease in sea level\nB. a decrease in average surface temperatures\nC. an increase in melting of polar ice caps\nD. an increase in crustal plate movement\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in melting of polar ice caps", "a decrease in sea level", "an increase in crustal plate movement", "a decrease in average surface temperatures"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes\nA. an increase in melting of polar ice caps\nB. a decrease in sea level\nC. an increase in crustal plate movement\nD. a decrease in average surface temperatures\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in sea level", "a decrease in average surface temperatures", "an increase in melting of polar ice caps", "an increase in crustal plate movement"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes\n1. a decrease in sea level\n2. a decrease in average surface temperatures\n3. an increase in melting of polar ice caps\n4. an increase in crustal plate movement\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in sea level", "a decrease in average surface temperatures", "an increase in melting of polar ice caps", "an increase in crustal plate movement"], "label": ["S", "B", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes\nS. a decrease in sea level\nB. a decrease in average surface temperatures\nK. an increase in melting of polar ice caps\nO. an increase in crustal plate movement\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in melting of polar ice caps", "a decrease in sea level", "an increase in crustal plate movement", "a decrease in average surface temperatures"], "label": ["S", "B", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most scientists agree that an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases entering Earth's atmosphere causes\nS. an increase in melting of polar ice caps\nB. a decrease in sea level\nK. an increase in crustal plate movement\nO. a decrease in average surface temperatures\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3308}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7202125", "question": "Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption", "to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth", "to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer", "to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?\nA. to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption\nB. to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth\nC. to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer\nD. to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth", "to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption", "to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups", "to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?\nA. to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth\nB. to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption\nC. to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups\nD. to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption", "to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth", "to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer", "to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?\n1. to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption\n2. to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth\n3. to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer\n4. to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption", "to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth", "to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer", "to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups"], "label": ["Z", "N", "R", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?\nZ. to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption\nN. to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth\nR. to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer\nW. to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth", "to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption", "to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups", "to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer"], "label": ["Z", "N", "R", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists determined that cabbages grown using Fertilizer A grew bigger than cabbages grown using Fertilizer B or no fertilizer at all. The scientists repeated the investigation and produced the same results. Which best explains the purpose of repeating this investigation?\nZ. to discover the scientific principle that causes the increased growth\nN. to ensure that the cabbages are safe for human consumption\nR. to determine the difference between the experimental and control groups\nW. to confirm that the observed differences were caused by the fertilizer\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3309}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7242900", "question": "When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is", "choices": {"text": ["natural selection.", "disruptive selection.", "genetic drift.", "genetic equilibrium."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is\nA. natural selection.\nB. disruptive selection.\nC. genetic drift.\nD. genetic equilibrium.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is", "choices": {"text": ["disruptive selection.", "natural selection.", "genetic equilibrium.", "genetic drift."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is\nA. disruptive selection.\nB. natural selection.\nC. genetic equilibrium.\nD. genetic drift.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is", "choices": {"text": ["natural selection.", "disruptive selection.", "genetic drift.", "genetic equilibrium."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is\n1. natural selection.\n2. disruptive selection.\n3. genetic drift.\n4. genetic equilibrium.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is", "choices": {"text": ["natural selection.", "disruptive selection.", "genetic drift.", "genetic equilibrium."], "label": ["I", "Q", "W", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is\nI. natural selection.\nQ. disruptive selection.\nW. genetic drift.\nU. genetic equilibrium.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is", "choices": {"text": ["disruptive selection.", "natural selection.", "genetic equilibrium.", "genetic drift."], "label": ["I", "Q", "W", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a small group of organisms colonizes a new habitat, the population may be genetically different from the parent population due to differences in allele frequencies. The process responsible for this is\nI. disruptive selection.\nQ. natural selection.\nW. genetic equilibrium.\nU. genetic drift.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3310}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400588", "question": "When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to", "choices": {"text": ["completely clear the area.", "leave the area as you found it.", "take anything you may need later.", "destroy specimens once you have observed them."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to\nA. completely clear the area.\nB. leave the area as you found it.\nC. take anything you may need later.\nD. destroy specimens once you have observed them.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to", "choices": {"text": ["completely clear the area.", "destroy specimens once you have observed them.", "leave the area as you found it.", "take anything you may need later."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to\nA. completely clear the area.\nB. destroy specimens once you have observed them.\nC. leave the area as you found it.\nD. take anything you may need later.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to", "choices": {"text": ["completely clear the area.", "leave the area as you found it.", "take anything you may need later.", "destroy specimens once you have observed them."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to\n1. completely clear the area.\n2. leave the area as you found it.\n3. take anything you may need later.\n4. destroy specimens once you have observed them.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to", "choices": {"text": ["completely clear the area.", "leave the area as you found it.", "take anything you may need later.", "destroy specimens once you have observed them."], "label": ["I", "K", "F", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to\nI. completely clear the area.\nK. leave the area as you found it.\nF. take anything you may need later.\nC. destroy specimens once you have observed them.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to", "choices": {"text": ["completely clear the area.", "destroy specimens once you have observed them.", "leave the area as you found it.", "take anything you may need later."], "label": ["I", "K", "F", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: When conducting a scientific experiment in the field, you are expected to\nI. completely clear the area.\nK. destroy specimens once you have observed them.\nF. leave the area as you found it.\nC. take anything you may need later.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3311}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7282695", "question": "Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?", "choices": {"text": ["reducing consumption, recycling wastes", "increasing consumption, discarding wastes", "reducing consumption, discarding wastes", "increasing consumption, recycling wastes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?\nA. reducing consumption, recycling wastes\nB. increasing consumption, discarding wastes\nC. reducing consumption, discarding wastes\nD. increasing consumption, recycling wastes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?", "choices": {"text": ["reducing consumption, discarding wastes", "increasing consumption, recycling wastes", "increasing consumption, discarding wastes", "reducing consumption, recycling wastes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?\nA. reducing consumption, discarding wastes\nB. increasing consumption, recycling wastes\nC. increasing consumption, discarding wastes\nD. reducing consumption, recycling wastes\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?", "choices": {"text": ["reducing consumption, recycling wastes", "increasing consumption, discarding wastes", "reducing consumption, discarding wastes", "increasing consumption, recycling wastes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?\n1. reducing consumption, recycling wastes\n2. increasing consumption, discarding wastes\n3. reducing consumption, discarding wastes\n4. increasing consumption, recycling wastes\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?", "choices": {"text": ["reducing consumption, recycling wastes", "increasing consumption, discarding wastes", "reducing consumption, discarding wastes", "increasing consumption, recycling wastes"], "label": ["G", "Z", "R", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?\nG. reducing consumption, recycling wastes\nZ. increasing consumption, discarding wastes\nR. reducing consumption, discarding wastes\nO. increasing consumption, recycling wastes\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?", "choices": {"text": ["reducing consumption, discarding wastes", "increasing consumption, recycling wastes", "increasing consumption, discarding wastes", "reducing consumption, recycling wastes"], "label": ["G", "Z", "R", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two behaviors best demonstrate stewardship?\nG. reducing consumption, discarding wastes\nZ. increasing consumption, recycling wastes\nR. increasing consumption, discarding wastes\nO. reducing consumption, recycling wastes\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3312}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7018498", "question": "Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "density.", "volume.", "viscosity."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure\nA. mass.\nB. density.\nC. volume.\nD. viscosity.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure", "choices": {"text": ["volume.", "viscosity.", "mass.", "density."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure\nA. volume.\nB. viscosity.\nC. mass.\nD. density.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "density.", "volume.", "viscosity."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure\n1. mass.\n2. density.\n3. volume.\n4. viscosity.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "density.", "volume.", "viscosity."], "label": ["B", "L", "Q", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure\nB. mass.\nL. density.\nQ. volume.\nH. viscosity.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure", "choices": {"text": ["volume.", "viscosity.", "mass.", "density."], "label": ["B", "L", "Q", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure\nB. volume.\nL. viscosity.\nQ. mass.\nH. density.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3313}
{"arc_id": "CSZ20770", "question": "Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?", "choices": {"text": ["I and O", "Ir and O", "Fe and O", "Pb and O"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?\nA. I and O\nB. Ir and O\nC. Fe and O\nD. Pb and O\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?", "choices": {"text": ["Pb and O", "Fe and O", "Ir and O", "I and O"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?\nA. Pb and O\nB. Fe and O\nC. Ir and O\nD. I and O\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?", "choices": {"text": ["I and O", "Ir and O", "Fe and O", "Pb and O"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?\n1. I and O\n2. Ir and O\n3. Fe and O\n4. Pb and O\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?", "choices": {"text": ["I and O", "Ir and O", "Fe and O", "Pb and O"], "label": ["E", "B", "H", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?\nE. I and O\nB. Ir and O\nH. Fe and O\nR. Pb and O\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?", "choices": {"text": ["Pb and O", "Fe and O", "Ir and O", "I and O"], "label": ["E", "B", "H", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Iron oxides, such as rust, form when iron metal reacts with oxygen in the air. What are the chemical symbols for the two elements found in iron oxide?\nE. Pb and O\nB. Fe and O\nH. Ir and O\nR. I and O\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3314}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7174895", "question": "Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?", "choices": {"text": ["to reduce the amount of work for all involved", "to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people", "to obtain results quickly in a short period of time", "to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?\nA. to reduce the amount of work for all involved\nB. to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people\nC. to obtain results quickly in a short period of time\nD. to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?", "choices": {"text": ["to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people", "to reduce the amount of work for all involved", "to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects", "to obtain results quickly in a short period of time"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?\nA. to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people\nB. to reduce the amount of work for all involved\nC. to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects\nD. to obtain results quickly in a short period of time\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?", "choices": {"text": ["to reduce the amount of work for all involved", "to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people", "to obtain results quickly in a short period of time", "to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?\n1. to reduce the amount of work for all involved\n2. to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people\n3. to obtain results quickly in a short period of time\n4. to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?", "choices": {"text": ["to reduce the amount of work for all involved", "to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people", "to obtain results quickly in a short period of time", "to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects"], "label": ["T", "E", "X", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?\nT. to reduce the amount of work for all involved\nE. to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people\nX. to obtain results quickly in a short period of time\nV. to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?", "choices": {"text": ["to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people", "to reduce the amount of work for all involved", "to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects", "to obtain results quickly in a short period of time"], "label": ["T", "E", "X", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists often use mathematical models and computer simulations to study systems. What is the main advantage of using these techniques for studying the spread of infectious diseases?\nT. to reduce the cost of conducting experiments on people\nE. to reduce the amount of work for all involved\nX. to perform experiments that would be irresponsible using human subjects\nV. to obtain results quickly in a short period of time\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3315}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400375", "question": "Which of these actions causes wind?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation of Earth on its axis", "movement of air from water to land", "uneven heating of Earth's surface", "air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these actions causes wind?\nA. rotation of Earth on its axis\nB. movement of air from water to land\nC. uneven heating of Earth's surface\nD. air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these actions causes wind?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation of Earth on its axis", "uneven heating of Earth's surface", "air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun", "movement of air from water to land"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these actions causes wind?\nA. rotation of Earth on its axis\nB. uneven heating of Earth's surface\nC. air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun\nD. movement of air from water to land\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these actions causes wind?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation of Earth on its axis", "movement of air from water to land", "uneven heating of Earth's surface", "air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these actions causes wind?\n1. rotation of Earth on its axis\n2. movement of air from water to land\n3. uneven heating of Earth's surface\n4. air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these actions causes wind?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation of Earth on its axis", "movement of air from water to land", "uneven heating of Earth's surface", "air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun"], "label": ["Z", "R", "F", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these actions causes wind?\nZ. rotation of Earth on its axis\nR. movement of air from water to land\nF. uneven heating of Earth's surface\nK. air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these actions causes wind?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation of Earth on its axis", "uneven heating of Earth's surface", "air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun", "movement of air from water to land"], "label": ["Z", "R", "F", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these actions causes wind?\nZ. rotation of Earth on its axis\nR. uneven heating of Earth's surface\nF. air passing Earth as it revolves around the Sun\nK. movement of air from water to land\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3316}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415394", "question": "A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?", "choices": {"text": ["cardboard", "glass", "steel", "wood"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?\nA. cardboard\nB. glass\nC. steel\nD. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?", "choices": {"text": ["cardboard", "steel", "glass", "wood"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?\nA. cardboard\nB. steel\nC. glass\nD. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?", "choices": {"text": ["cardboard", "glass", "steel", "wood"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?\n1. cardboard\n2. glass\n3. steel\n4. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?", "choices": {"text": ["cardboard", "glass", "steel", "wood"], "label": ["Y", "G", "R", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?\nY. cardboard\nG. glass\nR. steel\nB. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?", "choices": {"text": ["cardboard", "steel", "glass", "wood"], "label": ["Y", "G", "R", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A company wants to make a game that uses a magnet that sticks to a board. Which material should it use for the board?\nY. cardboard\nG. steel\nR. glass\nB. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3317}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_412693", "question": "Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?", "choices": {"text": ["solid -> gas -> liquid", "gas -> liquid -> solid", "liquid -> solid -> gas", "solid -> liquid -> gas"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?\nA. solid -> gas -> liquid\nB. gas -> liquid -> solid\nC. liquid -> solid -> gas\nD. solid -> liquid -> gas\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?", "choices": {"text": ["solid -> gas -> liquid", "liquid -> solid -> gas", "solid -> liquid -> gas", "gas -> liquid -> solid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?\nA. solid -> gas -> liquid\nB. liquid -> solid -> gas\nC. solid -> liquid -> gas\nD. gas -> liquid -> solid\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?", "choices": {"text": ["solid -> gas -> liquid", "gas -> liquid -> solid", "liquid -> solid -> gas", "solid -> liquid -> gas"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?\n1. solid -> gas -> liquid\n2. gas -> liquid -> solid\n3. liquid -> solid -> gas\n4. solid -> liquid -> gas\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?", "choices": {"text": ["solid -> gas -> liquid", "gas -> liquid -> solid", "liquid -> solid -> gas", "solid -> liquid -> gas"], "label": ["P", "T", "O", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?\nP. solid -> gas -> liquid\nT. gas -> liquid -> solid\nO. liquid -> solid -> gas\nE. solid -> liquid -> gas\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?", "choices": {"text": ["solid -> gas -> liquid", "liquid -> solid -> gas", "solid -> liquid -> gas", "gas -> liquid -> solid"], "label": ["P", "T", "O", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence has the states of matter listed from least to greatest kinetic energy?\nP. solid -> gas -> liquid\nT. liquid -> solid -> gas\nO. solid -> liquid -> gas\nE. gas -> liquid -> solid\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3318}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7056665", "question": "A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?", "choices": {"text": ["a scale and weights", "a magnet", "a sieve", "a battery and wire"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?\nA. a scale and weights\nB. a magnet\nC. a sieve\nD. a battery and wire\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?", "choices": {"text": ["a scale and weights", "a sieve", "a battery and wire", "a magnet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?\nA. a scale and weights\nB. a sieve\nC. a battery and wire\nD. a magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?", "choices": {"text": ["a scale and weights", "a magnet", "a sieve", "a battery and wire"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?\n1. a scale and weights\n2. a magnet\n3. a sieve\n4. a battery and wire\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?", "choices": {"text": ["a scale and weights", "a magnet", "a sieve", "a battery and wire"], "label": ["J", "G", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?\nJ. a scale and weights\nG. a magnet\nA. a sieve\nH. a battery and wire\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?", "choices": {"text": ["a scale and weights", "a sieve", "a battery and wire", "a magnet"], "label": ["J", "G", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is given a mixture of gravel and sand and instructed to separate them. Which tool should the student use to best complete this task?\nJ. a scale and weights\nG. a sieve\nA. a battery and wire\nH. a magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3319}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2003_8_26", "question": "A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?", "choices": {"text": ["-10°C", "-1°C", "0°C", "10°C"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?\nA. -10°C\nB. -1°C\nC. 0°C\nD. 10°C\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?", "choices": {"text": ["-10°C", "0°C", "10°C", "-1°C"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?\nA. -10°C\nB. 0°C\nC. 10°C\nD. -1°C\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?", "choices": {"text": ["-10°C", "-1°C", "0°C", "10°C"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?\n1. -10°C\n2. -1°C\n3. 0°C\n4. 10°C\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?", "choices": {"text": ["-10°C", "-1°C", "0°C", "10°C"], "label": ["J", "F", "A", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?\nJ. -10°C\nF. -1°C\nA. 0°C\nG. 10°C\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?", "choices": {"text": ["-10°C", "0°C", "10°C", "-1°C"], "label": ["J", "F", "A", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A container is filled with 100 mL of water and placed in a freezer. The water in the container freezes at 0°C. A second container filled with 90 mL of water is placed in a second freezer. At what temperature does this second container of water freeze?\nJ. -10°C\nF. 0°C\nA. 10°C\nG. -1°C\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3320}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg35", "question": "What gas in the air do we need to breathe in order to live?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "water vapor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: What gas in the air do we need to breathe in order to live?\nA. nitrogen\nB. oxygen\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. hydrogen\nE. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What gas in the air do we need to breathe in order to live?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide", "water vapor", "nitrogen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: What gas in the air do we need to breathe in order to live?\nA. oxygen\nB. hydrogen\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. water vapor\nE. nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What gas in the air do we need to breathe in order to live?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "water vapor"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]}, "prompt": "Question: What gas in the air do we need to breathe in order to live?\n1. nitrogen\n2. oxygen\n3. carbon dioxide\n4. hydrogen\n5. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What gas in the air do we need to breathe in order to live?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "water vapor"], "label": ["B", "I", "W", "D", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: What gas in the air do we need to breathe in order to live?\nB. nitrogen\nI. oxygen\nW. carbon dioxide\nD. hydrogen\nL. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What gas in the air do we need to breathe in order to live?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide", "water vapor", "nitrogen"], "label": ["B", "I", "W", "D", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: What gas in the air do we need to breathe in order to live?\nB. oxygen\nI. hydrogen\nW. carbon dioxide\nD. water vapor\nL. nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3321}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7218050", "question": "A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?", "choices": {"text": ["dry line", "cold front", "tropical cyclone", "temperature inversion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?\nA. dry line\nB. cold front\nC. tropical cyclone\nD. temperature inversion\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?", "choices": {"text": ["cold front", "temperature inversion", "dry line", "tropical cyclone"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?\nA. cold front\nB. temperature inversion\nC. dry line\nD. tropical cyclone\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?", "choices": {"text": ["dry line", "cold front", "tropical cyclone", "temperature inversion"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?\n1. dry line\n2. cold front\n3. tropical cyclone\n4. temperature inversion\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?", "choices": {"text": ["dry line", "cold front", "tropical cyclone", "temperature inversion"], "label": ["C", "I", "M", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?\nC. dry line\nI. cold front\nM. tropical cyclone\nH. temperature inversion\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?", "choices": {"text": ["cold front", "temperature inversion", "dry line", "tropical cyclone"], "label": ["C", "I", "M", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog?\nC. cold front\nI. temperature inversion\nM. dry line\nH. tropical cyclone\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3322}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7010063", "question": "Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by", "choices": {"text": ["spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.", "ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.", "carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.", "transferring heat to and from various regions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by\nA. spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.\nB. ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.\nC. carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.\nD. transferring heat to and from various regions.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by", "choices": {"text": ["ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.", "transferring heat to and from various regions.", "spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.", "carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by\nA. ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.\nB. transferring heat to and from various regions.\nC. spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.\nD. carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by", "choices": {"text": ["spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.", "ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.", "carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.", "transferring heat to and from various regions."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by\n1. spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.\n2. ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.\n3. carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.\n4. transferring heat to and from various regions.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by", "choices": {"text": ["spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.", "ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.", "carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.", "transferring heat to and from various regions."], "label": ["U", "V", "F", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by\nU. spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.\nV. ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.\nF. carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.\nJ. transferring heat to and from various regions.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by", "choices": {"text": ["ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.", "transferring heat to and from various regions.", "spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.", "carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins."], "label": ["U", "V", "F", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by\nU. ensuring ocean density is not the same globally.\nV. transferring heat to and from various regions.\nF. spreading plant and animal life over a wider area.\nJ. carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3323}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405499", "question": "Jagged mountains would most likely become rounded hills through which process?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "deposition", "volcanic activity", "chemical change"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jagged mountains would most likely become rounded hills through which process?\nA. erosion\nB. deposition\nC. volcanic activity\nD. chemical change\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Jagged mountains would most likely become rounded hills through which process?", "choices": {"text": ["deposition", "erosion", "volcanic activity", "chemical change"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jagged mountains would most likely become rounded hills through which process?\nA. deposition\nB. erosion\nC. volcanic activity\nD. chemical change\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Jagged mountains would most likely become rounded hills through which process?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "deposition", "volcanic activity", "chemical change"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jagged mountains would most likely become rounded hills through which process?\n1. erosion\n2. deposition\n3. volcanic activity\n4. chemical change\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jagged mountains would most likely become rounded hills through which process?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "deposition", "volcanic activity", "chemical change"], "label": ["B", "O", "Z", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jagged mountains would most likely become rounded hills through which process?\nB. erosion\nO. deposition\nZ. volcanic activity\nK. chemical change\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jagged mountains would most likely become rounded hills through which process?", "choices": {"text": ["deposition", "erosion", "volcanic activity", "chemical change"], "label": ["B", "O", "Z", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jagged mountains would most likely become rounded hills through which process?\nB. deposition\nO. erosion\nZ. volcanic activity\nK. chemical change\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3324}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401172", "question": "While performing an experiment involving four different clear liquids, a student forgets to label the test tubes. What should the student do?", "choices": {"text": ["try to identify the liquids by smell", "ask another student to identify the liquids", "ask the teacher how to dispose of the liquids", "continue the experiment with the unidentified liquids"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: While performing an experiment involving four different clear liquids, a student forgets to label the test tubes. What should the student do?\nA. try to identify the liquids by smell\nB. ask another student to identify the liquids\nC. ask the teacher how to dispose of the liquids\nD. continue the experiment with the unidentified liquids\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "While performing an experiment involving four different clear liquids, a student forgets to label the test tubes. What should the student do?", "choices": {"text": ["try to identify the liquids by smell", "ask another student to identify the liquids", "continue the experiment with the unidentified liquids", "ask the teacher how to dispose of the liquids"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: While performing an experiment involving four different clear liquids, a student forgets to label the test tubes. What should the student do?\nA. try to identify the liquids by smell\nB. ask another student to identify the liquids\nC. continue the experiment with the unidentified liquids\nD. ask the teacher how to dispose of the liquids\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "While performing an experiment involving four different clear liquids, a student forgets to label the test tubes. What should the student do?", "choices": {"text": ["try to identify the liquids by smell", "ask another student to identify the liquids", "ask the teacher how to dispose of the liquids", "continue the experiment with the unidentified liquids"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: While performing an experiment involving four different clear liquids, a student forgets to label the test tubes. What should the student do?\n1. try to identify the liquids by smell\n2. ask another student to identify the liquids\n3. ask the teacher how to dispose of the liquids\n4. continue the experiment with the unidentified liquids\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "While performing an experiment involving four different clear liquids, a student forgets to label the test tubes. What should the student do?", "choices": {"text": ["try to identify the liquids by smell", "ask another student to identify the liquids", "ask the teacher how to dispose of the liquids", "continue the experiment with the unidentified liquids"], "label": ["J", "C", "D", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: While performing an experiment involving four different clear liquids, a student forgets to label the test tubes. What should the student do?\nJ. try to identify the liquids by smell\nC. ask another student to identify the liquids\nD. ask the teacher how to dispose of the liquids\nY. continue the experiment with the unidentified liquids\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "While performing an experiment involving four different clear liquids, a student forgets to label the test tubes. What should the student do?", "choices": {"text": ["try to identify the liquids by smell", "ask another student to identify the liquids", "continue the experiment with the unidentified liquids", "ask the teacher how to dispose of the liquids"], "label": ["J", "C", "D", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: While performing an experiment involving four different clear liquids, a student forgets to label the test tubes. What should the student do?\nJ. try to identify the liquids by smell\nC. ask another student to identify the liquids\nD. continue the experiment with the unidentified liquids\nY. ask the teacher how to dispose of the liquids\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3325}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7056315", "question": "During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called", "choices": {"text": ["the Calvin cycle.", "carbon fixation.", "respiration.", "transpiration."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called\nA. the Calvin cycle.\nB. carbon fixation.\nC. respiration.\nD. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called", "choices": {"text": ["respiration.", "the Calvin cycle.", "carbon fixation.", "transpiration."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called\nA. respiration.\nB. the Calvin cycle.\nC. carbon fixation.\nD. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called", "choices": {"text": ["the Calvin cycle.", "carbon fixation.", "respiration.", "transpiration."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called\n1. the Calvin cycle.\n2. carbon fixation.\n3. respiration.\n4. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called", "choices": {"text": ["the Calvin cycle.", "carbon fixation.", "respiration.", "transpiration."], "label": ["M", "W", "B", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called\nM. the Calvin cycle.\nW. carbon fixation.\nB. respiration.\nR. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called", "choices": {"text": ["respiration.", "the Calvin cycle.", "carbon fixation.", "transpiration."], "label": ["M", "W", "B", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: During the light reactions of photosynthesis, energy is stored in the compounds ATP and NADPH. A second set of reactions uses this stored energy to produce vital compounds such as glucose. This second set of reactions involves a biochemical pathway called\nM. respiration.\nW. the Calvin cycle.\nB. carbon fixation.\nR. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3326}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7271198", "question": "What is the relationship between an ecosystem and a community?", "choices": {"text": ["A community is a very large ecosystem.", "An ecosystem is a very large community.", "An ecosystem includes a community and abiotic factors.", "A community includes an ecosystem and abiotic factors."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the relationship between an ecosystem and a community?\nA. A community is a very large ecosystem.\nB. An ecosystem is a very large community.\nC. An ecosystem includes a community and abiotic factors.\nD. A community includes an ecosystem and abiotic factors.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the relationship between an ecosystem and a community?", "choices": {"text": ["A community is a very large ecosystem.", "An ecosystem is a very large community.", "A community includes an ecosystem and abiotic factors.", "An ecosystem includes a community and abiotic factors."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the relationship between an ecosystem and a community?\nA. A community is a very large ecosystem.\nB. An ecosystem is a very large community.\nC. A community includes an ecosystem and abiotic factors.\nD. An ecosystem includes a community and abiotic factors.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the relationship between an ecosystem and a community?", "choices": {"text": ["A community is a very large ecosystem.", "An ecosystem is a very large community.", "An ecosystem includes a community and abiotic factors.", "A community includes an ecosystem and abiotic factors."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the relationship between an ecosystem and a community?\n1. A community is a very large ecosystem.\n2. An ecosystem is a very large community.\n3. An ecosystem includes a community and abiotic factors.\n4. A community includes an ecosystem and abiotic factors.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the relationship between an ecosystem and a community?", "choices": {"text": ["A community is a very large ecosystem.", "An ecosystem is a very large community.", "An ecosystem includes a community and abiotic factors.", "A community includes an ecosystem and abiotic factors."], "label": ["U", "G", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the relationship between an ecosystem and a community?\nU. A community is a very large ecosystem.\nG. An ecosystem is a very large community.\nQ. An ecosystem includes a community and abiotic factors.\nZ. A community includes an ecosystem and abiotic factors.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the relationship between an ecosystem and a community?", "choices": {"text": ["A community is a very large ecosystem.", "An ecosystem is a very large community.", "A community includes an ecosystem and abiotic factors.", "An ecosystem includes a community and abiotic factors."], "label": ["U", "G", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the relationship between an ecosystem and a community?\nU. A community is a very large ecosystem.\nG. An ecosystem is a very large community.\nQ. A community includes an ecosystem and abiotic factors.\nZ. An ecosystem includes a community and abiotic factors.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3327}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7248203", "question": "Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical isolation", "behavioral isolation", "habitat isolation", "allopatric isolation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?\nA. mechanical isolation\nB. behavioral isolation\nC. habitat isolation\nD. allopatric isolation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?", "choices": {"text": ["behavioral isolation", "mechanical isolation", "allopatric isolation", "habitat isolation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?\nA. behavioral isolation\nB. mechanical isolation\nC. allopatric isolation\nD. habitat isolation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical isolation", "behavioral isolation", "habitat isolation", "allopatric isolation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?\n1. mechanical isolation\n2. behavioral isolation\n3. habitat isolation\n4. allopatric isolation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical isolation", "behavioral isolation", "habitat isolation", "allopatric isolation"], "label": ["Q", "M", "H", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?\nQ. mechanical isolation\nM. behavioral isolation\nH. habitat isolation\nN. allopatric isolation\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?", "choices": {"text": ["behavioral isolation", "mechanical isolation", "allopatric isolation", "habitat isolation"], "label": ["Q", "M", "H", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two species of garter snake in the genus Thamnophis originated from a single ancestor. These two species live in the same geographic area, however, one lives in arid land and the other lives in water.Which of the following best identifies the cause of speciation between these two garter snakes?\nQ. behavioral isolation\nM. mechanical isolation\nH. allopatric isolation\nN. habitat isolation\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3328}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_1995_8_I16", "question": "A metal spoon, a wooden spoon, and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. After 15 seconds, which spoon will feel hottest?", "choices": {"text": ["The metal spoon", "The wooden spoon", "The plastic spoon", "The three spoons will feel the same."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal spoon, a wooden spoon, and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. After 15 seconds, which spoon will feel hottest?\nA. The metal spoon\nB. The wooden spoon\nC. The plastic spoon\nD. The three spoons will feel the same.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal spoon, a wooden spoon, and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. After 15 seconds, which spoon will feel hottest?", "choices": {"text": ["The wooden spoon", "The metal spoon", "The three spoons will feel the same.", "The plastic spoon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal spoon, a wooden spoon, and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. After 15 seconds, which spoon will feel hottest?\nA. The wooden spoon\nB. The metal spoon\nC. The three spoons will feel the same.\nD. The plastic spoon\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal spoon, a wooden spoon, and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. After 15 seconds, which spoon will feel hottest?", "choices": {"text": ["The metal spoon", "The wooden spoon", "The plastic spoon", "The three spoons will feel the same."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal spoon, a wooden spoon, and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. After 15 seconds, which spoon will feel hottest?\n1. The metal spoon\n2. The wooden spoon\n3. The plastic spoon\n4. The three spoons will feel the same.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal spoon, a wooden spoon, and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. After 15 seconds, which spoon will feel hottest?", "choices": {"text": ["The metal spoon", "The wooden spoon", "The plastic spoon", "The three spoons will feel the same."], "label": ["X", "M", "Y", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal spoon, a wooden spoon, and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. After 15 seconds, which spoon will feel hottest?\nX. The metal spoon\nM. The wooden spoon\nY. The plastic spoon\nI. The three spoons will feel the same.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A metal spoon, a wooden spoon, and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. After 15 seconds, which spoon will feel hottest?", "choices": {"text": ["The wooden spoon", "The metal spoon", "The three spoons will feel the same.", "The plastic spoon"], "label": ["X", "M", "Y", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A metal spoon, a wooden spoon, and a plastic spoon are placed in hot water. After 15 seconds, which spoon will feel hottest?\nX. The wooden spoon\nM. The metal spoon\nY. The three spoons will feel the same.\nI. The plastic spoon\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3329}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7201163", "question": "The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely be described?", "choices": {"text": ["as a behavioral adaptation", "as a survival disadvantage", "as a response to a stimulus", "as an acquired characteristic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely be described?\nA. as a behavioral adaptation\nB. as a survival disadvantage\nC. as a response to a stimulus\nD. as an acquired characteristic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely be described?", "choices": {"text": ["as a response to a stimulus", "as a behavioral adaptation", "as a survival disadvantage", "as an acquired characteristic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely be described?\nA. as a response to a stimulus\nB. as a behavioral adaptation\nC. as a survival disadvantage\nD. as an acquired characteristic\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely be described?", "choices": {"text": ["as a behavioral adaptation", "as a survival disadvantage", "as a response to a stimulus", "as an acquired characteristic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely be described?\n1. as a behavioral adaptation\n2. as a survival disadvantage\n3. as a response to a stimulus\n4. as an acquired characteristic\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely be described?", "choices": {"text": ["as a behavioral adaptation", "as a survival disadvantage", "as a response to a stimulus", "as an acquired characteristic"], "label": ["O", "G", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely be described?\nO. as a behavioral adaptation\nG. as a survival disadvantage\nS. as a response to a stimulus\nW. as an acquired characteristic\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely be described?", "choices": {"text": ["as a response to a stimulus", "as a behavioral adaptation", "as a survival disadvantage", "as an acquired characteristic"], "label": ["O", "G", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bacterium Brucella abortus causes fever in humans. Biologists studying this bacterium found that when exposed to light, the bacterium becomes more virulent. How can this change in virulence most likely be described?\nO. as a response to a stimulus\nG. as a behavioral adaptation\nS. as a survival disadvantage\nW. as an acquired characteristic\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3330}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7064698", "question": "When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a", "choices": {"text": ["chemical reaction.", "physical reaction.", "change in density.", "change in temperature."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a\nA. chemical reaction.\nB. physical reaction.\nC. change in density.\nD. change in temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a", "choices": {"text": ["change in temperature.", "physical reaction.", "change in density.", "chemical reaction."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a\nA. change in temperature.\nB. physical reaction.\nC. change in density.\nD. chemical reaction.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a", "choices": {"text": ["chemical reaction.", "physical reaction.", "change in density.", "change in temperature."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a\n1. chemical reaction.\n2. physical reaction.\n3. change in density.\n4. change in temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a", "choices": {"text": ["chemical reaction.", "physical reaction.", "change in density.", "change in temperature."], "label": ["G", "V", "I", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a\nG. chemical reaction.\nV. physical reaction.\nI. change in density.\nS. change in temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a", "choices": {"text": ["change in temperature.", "physical reaction.", "change in density.", "chemical reaction."], "label": ["G", "V", "I", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: When iron combines with oxygen in a moist environment, rust forms because of a\nG. change in temperature.\nV. physical reaction.\nI. change in density.\nS. chemical reaction.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3331}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7081550", "question": "A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?", "choices": {"text": ["pie chart", "data table", "bar graph", "scatterplot"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?\nA. pie chart\nB. data table\nC. bar graph\nD. scatterplot\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?", "choices": {"text": ["scatterplot", "pie chart", "bar graph", "data table"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?\nA. scatterplot\nB. pie chart\nC. bar graph\nD. data table\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?", "choices": {"text": ["pie chart", "data table", "bar graph", "scatterplot"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?\n1. pie chart\n2. data table\n3. bar graph\n4. scatterplot\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?", "choices": {"text": ["pie chart", "data table", "bar graph", "scatterplot"], "label": ["E", "Z", "O", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?\nE. pie chart\nZ. data table\nO. bar graph\nH. scatterplot\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?", "choices": {"text": ["scatterplot", "pie chart", "bar graph", "data table"], "label": ["E", "Z", "O", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student counts ants in an ant colony every day at the same time. The student writes the date of observation in one column in a notebook and the number of ants counted on each date in a second column. Which best describes how the student arranged the information?\nE. scatterplot\nZ. pie chart\nO. bar graph\nH. data table\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3332}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2015_7_7", "question": "Which human body systems work together to send messages?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular and skeletal", "nervous and endocrine", "excretory and digestive", "circulatory and respiratory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems work together to send messages?\nA. muscular and skeletal\nB. nervous and endocrine\nC. excretory and digestive\nD. circulatory and respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems work together to send messages?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and endocrine", "circulatory and respiratory", "excretory and digestive", "muscular and skeletal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems work together to send messages?\nA. nervous and endocrine\nB. circulatory and respiratory\nC. excretory and digestive\nD. muscular and skeletal\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems work together to send messages?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular and skeletal", "nervous and endocrine", "excretory and digestive", "circulatory and respiratory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems work together to send messages?\n1. muscular and skeletal\n2. nervous and endocrine\n3. excretory and digestive\n4. circulatory and respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems work together to send messages?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular and skeletal", "nervous and endocrine", "excretory and digestive", "circulatory and respiratory"], "label": ["K", "O", "Q", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems work together to send messages?\nK. muscular and skeletal\nO. nervous and endocrine\nQ. excretory and digestive\nF. circulatory and respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems work together to send messages?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and endocrine", "circulatory and respiratory", "excretory and digestive", "muscular and skeletal"], "label": ["K", "O", "Q", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems work together to send messages?\nK. nervous and endocrine\nO. circulatory and respiratory\nQ. excretory and digestive\nF. muscular and skeletal\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3333}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400278", "question": "In order for a material to be effective for cooking, it must have which physical property?", "choices": {"text": ["low melting point", "high electric charge", "high reactivity with water", "low thermal expansion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for a material to be effective for cooking, it must have which physical property?\nA. low melting point\nB. high electric charge\nC. high reactivity with water\nD. low thermal expansion\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for a material to be effective for cooking, it must have which physical property?", "choices": {"text": ["low thermal expansion", "high reactivity with water", "low melting point", "high electric charge"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for a material to be effective for cooking, it must have which physical property?\nA. low thermal expansion\nB. high reactivity with water\nC. low melting point\nD. high electric charge\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for a material to be effective for cooking, it must have which physical property?", "choices": {"text": ["low melting point", "high electric charge", "high reactivity with water", "low thermal expansion"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for a material to be effective for cooking, it must have which physical property?\n1. low melting point\n2. high electric charge\n3. high reactivity with water\n4. low thermal expansion\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for a material to be effective for cooking, it must have which physical property?", "choices": {"text": ["low melting point", "high electric charge", "high reactivity with water", "low thermal expansion"], "label": ["D", "H", "I", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for a material to be effective for cooking, it must have which physical property?\nD. low melting point\nH. high electric charge\nI. high reactivity with water\nF. low thermal expansion\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for a material to be effective for cooking, it must have which physical property?", "choices": {"text": ["low thermal expansion", "high reactivity with water", "low melting point", "high electric charge"], "label": ["D", "H", "I", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for a material to be effective for cooking, it must have which physical property?\nD. low thermal expansion\nH. high reactivity with water\nI. low melting point\nF. high electric charge\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3334}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_24", "question": "Which sequence shows the life cycle of some insects?", "choices": {"text": ["adult -> pupa -> larva -> egg", "egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult", "larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult", "egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence shows the life cycle of some insects?\nA. adult -> pupa -> larva -> egg\nB. egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult\nC. larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult\nD. egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence shows the life cycle of some insects?", "choices": {"text": ["adult -> pupa -> larva -> egg", "egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult", "egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult", "larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence shows the life cycle of some insects?\nA. adult -> pupa -> larva -> egg\nB. egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult\nC. egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult\nD. larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence shows the life cycle of some insects?", "choices": {"text": ["adult -> pupa -> larva -> egg", "egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult", "larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult", "egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence shows the life cycle of some insects?\n1. adult -> pupa -> larva -> egg\n2. egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult\n3. larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult\n4. egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence shows the life cycle of some insects?", "choices": {"text": ["adult -> pupa -> larva -> egg", "egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult", "larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult", "egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult"], "label": ["E", "Z", "Q", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence shows the life cycle of some insects?\nE. adult -> pupa -> larva -> egg\nZ. egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult\nQ. larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult\nD. egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence shows the life cycle of some insects?", "choices": {"text": ["adult -> pupa -> larva -> egg", "egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult", "egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult", "larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult"], "label": ["E", "Z", "Q", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence shows the life cycle of some insects?\nE. adult -> pupa -> larva -> egg\nZ. egg -> pupa -> larva -> adult\nQ. egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult\nD. larva -> pupa -> egg -> adult\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3335}
{"arc_id": "LEAP__7_10341", "question": "A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?", "choices": {"text": ["how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet", "how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet", "how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings", "how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?\nA. how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet\nB. how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet\nC. how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings\nD. how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?", "choices": {"text": ["how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet", "how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet", "how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet", "how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?\nA. how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet\nB. how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet\nC. how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet\nD. how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?", "choices": {"text": ["how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet", "how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet", "how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings", "how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?\n1. how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet\n2. how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet\n3. how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings\n4. how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?", "choices": {"text": ["how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet", "how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet", "how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings", "how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet"], "label": ["O", "P", "Z", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?\nO. how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet\nP. how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet\nZ. how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings\nX. how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?", "choices": {"text": ["how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet", "how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet", "how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet", "how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings"], "label": ["O", "P", "Z", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist studied a species of fish. She found that when a certain nutrient was added to the diet of the fish just after hatching, the fish gained an average of 3 kilograms in the first year. What additional information is needed to determine whether the nutrient is affecting the growth of the fish?\nO. how much newly hatched fish in this species gain in the first year without the nutrient in their diet\nP. how much other species of fish gain in the first year when the nutrient is added to their diet\nZ. how much adult fish gained on average when the same nutrient was added to their diet\nX. how much of the nutrient is available for the fish species in their natural surroundings\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3336}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg8", "question": "Humans interpret seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling in the", "choices": {"text": ["brain", "spinal cord", "receptors", "skin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans interpret seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling in the\nA. brain\nB. spinal cord\nC. receptors\nD. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans interpret seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling in the", "choices": {"text": ["receptors", "skin", "spinal cord", "brain"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans interpret seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling in the\nA. receptors\nB. skin\nC. spinal cord\nD. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans interpret seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling in the", "choices": {"text": ["brain", "spinal cord", "receptors", "skin"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans interpret seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling in the\n1. brain\n2. spinal cord\n3. receptors\n4. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans interpret seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling in the", "choices": {"text": ["brain", "spinal cord", "receptors", "skin"], "label": ["B", "E", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans interpret seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling in the\nB. brain\nE. spinal cord\nU. receptors\nJ. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans interpret seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling in the", "choices": {"text": ["receptors", "skin", "spinal cord", "brain"], "label": ["B", "E", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans interpret seeing, hearing, tasting, and smelling in the\nB. receptors\nE. skin\nU. spinal cord\nJ. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3337}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409577", "question": "Dan knows the Earth is tilted 23.5° on its axis. Which is caused because of this tilt?", "choices": {"text": ["day can become night", "different seasons occur", "low tide can become high tide", "the change in phases of the Moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Dan knows the Earth is tilted 23.5° on its axis. Which is caused because of this tilt?\nA. day can become night\nB. different seasons occur\nC. low tide can become high tide\nD. the change in phases of the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Dan knows the Earth is tilted 23.5° on its axis. Which is caused because of this tilt?", "choices": {"text": ["different seasons occur", "low tide can become high tide", "the change in phases of the Moon", "day can become night"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Dan knows the Earth is tilted 23.5° on its axis. Which is caused because of this tilt?\nA. different seasons occur\nB. low tide can become high tide\nC. the change in phases of the Moon\nD. day can become night\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Dan knows the Earth is tilted 23.5° on its axis. Which is caused because of this tilt?", "choices": {"text": ["day can become night", "different seasons occur", "low tide can become high tide", "the change in phases of the Moon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Dan knows the Earth is tilted 23.5° on its axis. Which is caused because of this tilt?\n1. day can become night\n2. different seasons occur\n3. low tide can become high tide\n4. the change in phases of the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Dan knows the Earth is tilted 23.5° on its axis. Which is caused because of this tilt?", "choices": {"text": ["day can become night", "different seasons occur", "low tide can become high tide", "the change in phases of the Moon"], "label": ["P", "U", "L", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Dan knows the Earth is tilted 23.5° on its axis. Which is caused because of this tilt?\nP. day can become night\nU. different seasons occur\nL. low tide can become high tide\nB. the change in phases of the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Dan knows the Earth is tilted 23.5° on its axis. Which is caused because of this tilt?", "choices": {"text": ["different seasons occur", "low tide can become high tide", "the change in phases of the Moon", "day can become night"], "label": ["P", "U", "L", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Dan knows the Earth is tilted 23.5° on its axis. Which is caused because of this tilt?\nP. different seasons occur\nU. low tide can become high tide\nL. the change in phases of the Moon\nB. day can become night\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3338}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7198993", "question": "Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "medical gene repair", "genetic engineering", "cell metabolism analysis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?\nA. selective breeding\nB. medical gene repair\nC. genetic engineering\nD. cell metabolism analysis\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic engineering", "selective breeding", "medical gene repair", "cell metabolism analysis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?\nA. genetic engineering\nB. selective breeding\nC. medical gene repair\nD. cell metabolism analysis\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "medical gene repair", "genetic engineering", "cell metabolism analysis"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?\n1. selective breeding\n2. medical gene repair\n3. genetic engineering\n4. cell metabolism analysis\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "medical gene repair", "genetic engineering", "cell metabolism analysis"], "label": ["L", "P", "R", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?\nL. selective breeding\nP. medical gene repair\nR. genetic engineering\nY. cell metabolism analysis\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic engineering", "selective breeding", "medical gene repair", "cell metabolism analysis"], "label": ["L", "P", "R", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?\nL. genetic engineering\nP. selective breeding\nR. medical gene repair\nY. cell metabolism analysis\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3339}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409272", "question": "Some sea grasses grow near a group of palm trees on a sandy shore. Which best describes the role of both the palm trees and sea grasses?", "choices": {"text": ["They get energy from living organisms.", "They turn decaying matter into nutrients.", "They provide food for other organisms.", "They absorb oxygen from the environment."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some sea grasses grow near a group of palm trees on a sandy shore. Which best describes the role of both the palm trees and sea grasses?\nA. They get energy from living organisms.\nB. They turn decaying matter into nutrients.\nC. They provide food for other organisms.\nD. They absorb oxygen from the environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some sea grasses grow near a group of palm trees on a sandy shore. Which best describes the role of both the palm trees and sea grasses?", "choices": {"text": ["They get energy from living organisms.", "They turn decaying matter into nutrients.", "They absorb oxygen from the environment.", "They provide food for other organisms."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some sea grasses grow near a group of palm trees on a sandy shore. Which best describes the role of both the palm trees and sea grasses?\nA. They get energy from living organisms.\nB. They turn decaying matter into nutrients.\nC. They absorb oxygen from the environment.\nD. They provide food for other organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some sea grasses grow near a group of palm trees on a sandy shore. Which best describes the role of both the palm trees and sea grasses?", "choices": {"text": ["They get energy from living organisms.", "They turn decaying matter into nutrients.", "They provide food for other organisms.", "They absorb oxygen from the environment."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some sea grasses grow near a group of palm trees on a sandy shore. Which best describes the role of both the palm trees and sea grasses?\n1. They get energy from living organisms.\n2. They turn decaying matter into nutrients.\n3. They provide food for other organisms.\n4. They absorb oxygen from the environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some sea grasses grow near a group of palm trees on a sandy shore. Which best describes the role of both the palm trees and sea grasses?", "choices": {"text": ["They get energy from living organisms.", "They turn decaying matter into nutrients.", "They provide food for other organisms.", "They absorb oxygen from the environment."], "label": ["R", "E", "M", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some sea grasses grow near a group of palm trees on a sandy shore. Which best describes the role of both the palm trees and sea grasses?\nR. They get energy from living organisms.\nE. They turn decaying matter into nutrients.\nM. They provide food for other organisms.\nG. They absorb oxygen from the environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some sea grasses grow near a group of palm trees on a sandy shore. Which best describes the role of both the palm trees and sea grasses?", "choices": {"text": ["They get energy from living organisms.", "They turn decaying matter into nutrients.", "They absorb oxygen from the environment.", "They provide food for other organisms."], "label": ["R", "E", "M", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some sea grasses grow near a group of palm trees on a sandy shore. Which best describes the role of both the palm trees and sea grasses?\nR. They get energy from living organisms.\nE. They turn decaying matter into nutrients.\nM. They absorb oxygen from the environment.\nG. They provide food for other organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3340}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_5_11", "question": "Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?", "choices": {"text": ["Grams", "Meters", "Milliliters", "Centimeters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?\nA. Grams\nB. Meters\nC. Milliliters\nD. Centimeters\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?", "choices": {"text": ["Milliliters", "Centimeters", "Meters", "Grams"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?\nA. Milliliters\nB. Centimeters\nC. Meters\nD. Grams\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?", "choices": {"text": ["Grams", "Meters", "Milliliters", "Centimeters"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?\n1. Grams\n2. Meters\n3. Milliliters\n4. Centimeters\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?", "choices": {"text": ["Grams", "Meters", "Milliliters", "Centimeters"], "label": ["Y", "Q", "S", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?\nY. Grams\nQ. Meters\nS. Milliliters\nU. Centimeters\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?", "choices": {"text": ["Milliliters", "Centimeters", "Meters", "Grams"], "label": ["Y", "Q", "S", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students collect pond water in their beakers. Which is the best unit of measurement for the volume of water they collect?\nY. Milliliters\nQ. Centimeters\nS. Meters\nU. Grams\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3341}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7199938", "question": "When tectonic plates move, they can form different landforms. Which is least likely to be associated with the tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?", "choices": {"text": ["hot spot", "rift valley", "subduction zone", "transform boundary"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When tectonic plates move, they can form different landforms. Which is least likely to be associated with the tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?\nA. hot spot\nB. rift valley\nC. subduction zone\nD. transform boundary\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When tectonic plates move, they can form different landforms. Which is least likely to be associated with the tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?", "choices": {"text": ["transform boundary", "hot spot", "subduction zone", "rift valley"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When tectonic plates move, they can form different landforms. Which is least likely to be associated with the tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?\nA. transform boundary\nB. hot spot\nC. subduction zone\nD. rift valley\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When tectonic plates move, they can form different landforms. Which is least likely to be associated with the tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?", "choices": {"text": ["hot spot", "rift valley", "subduction zone", "transform boundary"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When tectonic plates move, they can form different landforms. Which is least likely to be associated with the tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?\n1. hot spot\n2. rift valley\n3. subduction zone\n4. transform boundary\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When tectonic plates move, they can form different landforms. Which is least likely to be associated with the tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?", "choices": {"text": ["hot spot", "rift valley", "subduction zone", "transform boundary"], "label": ["Y", "O", "X", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: When tectonic plates move, they can form different landforms. Which is least likely to be associated with the tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?\nY. hot spot\nO. rift valley\nX. subduction zone\nF. transform boundary\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When tectonic plates move, they can form different landforms. Which is least likely to be associated with the tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?", "choices": {"text": ["transform boundary", "hot spot", "subduction zone", "rift valley"], "label": ["Y", "O", "X", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: When tectonic plates move, they can form different landforms. Which is least likely to be associated with the tectonic plate movement that forms volcanoes?\nY. transform boundary\nO. hot spot\nX. subduction zone\nF. rift valley\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3342}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_27", "question": "The thin layer of rock on Earth's surface is the", "choices": {"text": ["atmosphere", "hemisphere", "hydrosphere", "lithosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The thin layer of rock on Earth's surface is the\nA. atmosphere\nB. hemisphere\nC. hydrosphere\nD. lithosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The thin layer of rock on Earth's surface is the", "choices": {"text": ["atmosphere", "lithosphere", "hemisphere", "hydrosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The thin layer of rock on Earth's surface is the\nA. atmosphere\nB. lithosphere\nC. hemisphere\nD. hydrosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The thin layer of rock on Earth's surface is the", "choices": {"text": ["atmosphere", "hemisphere", "hydrosphere", "lithosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The thin layer of rock on Earth's surface is the\n1. atmosphere\n2. hemisphere\n3. hydrosphere\n4. lithosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The thin layer of rock on Earth's surface is the", "choices": {"text": ["atmosphere", "hemisphere", "hydrosphere", "lithosphere"], "label": ["C", "K", "F", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: The thin layer of rock on Earth's surface is the\nC. atmosphere\nK. hemisphere\nF. hydrosphere\nN. lithosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The thin layer of rock on Earth's surface is the", "choices": {"text": ["atmosphere", "lithosphere", "hemisphere", "hydrosphere"], "label": ["C", "K", "F", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: The thin layer of rock on Earth's surface is the\nC. atmosphere\nK. lithosphere\nF. hemisphere\nN. hydrosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3343}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7264145", "question": "Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?", "choices": {"text": ["gamma radiation", "infrared radiation", "radio waves", "visible light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?\nA. gamma radiation\nB. infrared radiation\nC. radio waves\nD. visible light\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?", "choices": {"text": ["radio waves", "infrared radiation", "gamma radiation", "visible light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?\nA. radio waves\nB. infrared radiation\nC. gamma radiation\nD. visible light\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?", "choices": {"text": ["gamma radiation", "infrared radiation", "radio waves", "visible light"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?\n1. gamma radiation\n2. infrared radiation\n3. radio waves\n4. visible light\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?", "choices": {"text": ["gamma radiation", "infrared radiation", "radio waves", "visible light"], "label": ["X", "A", "C", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?\nX. gamma radiation\nA. infrared radiation\nC. radio waves\nK. visible light\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?", "choices": {"text": ["radio waves", "infrared radiation", "gamma radiation", "visible light"], "label": ["X", "A", "C", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of radiation provides astronomers with the most useful information about high-energy events such as stars colliding?\nX. radio waves\nA. infrared radiation\nC. gamma radiation\nK. visible light\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3344}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_192990", "question": "All of the following are renewable resources except", "choices": {"text": ["minerals.", "trees.", "wind.", "water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the following are renewable resources except\nA. minerals.\nB. trees.\nC. wind.\nD. water.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the following are renewable resources except", "choices": {"text": ["trees.", "water.", "wind.", "minerals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the following are renewable resources except\nA. trees.\nB. water.\nC. wind.\nD. minerals.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the following are renewable resources except", "choices": {"text": ["minerals.", "trees.", "wind.", "water."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the following are renewable resources except\n1. minerals.\n2. trees.\n3. wind.\n4. water.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the following are renewable resources except", "choices": {"text": ["minerals.", "trees.", "wind.", "water."], "label": ["I", "S", "G", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the following are renewable resources except\nI. minerals.\nS. trees.\nG. wind.\nN. water.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the following are renewable resources except", "choices": {"text": ["trees.", "water.", "wind.", "minerals."], "label": ["I", "S", "G", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the following are renewable resources except\nI. trees.\nS. water.\nG. wind.\nN. minerals.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3345}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405777", "question": "What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?", "choices": {"text": ["thermal properties", "chemical properties", "electrical properties", "acoustical properties"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?\nA. thermal properties\nB. chemical properties\nC. electrical properties\nD. acoustical properties\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?", "choices": {"text": ["thermal properties", "acoustical properties", "electrical properties", "chemical properties"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?\nA. thermal properties\nB. acoustical properties\nC. electrical properties\nD. chemical properties\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?", "choices": {"text": ["thermal properties", "chemical properties", "electrical properties", "acoustical properties"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?\n1. thermal properties\n2. chemical properties\n3. electrical properties\n4. acoustical properties\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?", "choices": {"text": ["thermal properties", "chemical properties", "electrical properties", "acoustical properties"], "label": ["Y", "O", "X", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?\nY. thermal properties\nO. chemical properties\nX. electrical properties\nP. acoustical properties\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?", "choices": {"text": ["thermal properties", "acoustical properties", "electrical properties", "chemical properties"], "label": ["Y", "O", "X", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?\nY. thermal properties\nO. acoustical properties\nX. electrical properties\nP. chemical properties\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3346}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409153", "question": "Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["grass to sleep in", "large trees to climb", "predators to chase it", "small animals to eat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?\nA. grass to sleep in\nB. large trees to climb\nC. predators to chase it\nD. small animals to eat\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["grass to sleep in", "small animals to eat", "predators to chase it", "large trees to climb"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?\nA. grass to sleep in\nB. small animals to eat\nC. predators to chase it\nD. large trees to climb\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["grass to sleep in", "large trees to climb", "predators to chase it", "small animals to eat"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?\n1. grass to sleep in\n2. large trees to climb\n3. predators to chase it\n4. small animals to eat\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["grass to sleep in", "large trees to climb", "predators to chase it", "small animals to eat"], "label": ["Y", "G", "E", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?\nY. grass to sleep in\nG. large trees to climb\nE. predators to chase it\nW. small animals to eat\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["grass to sleep in", "small animals to eat", "predators to chase it", "large trees to climb"], "label": ["Y", "G", "E", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eduardo saw some cats living in an alley. Which of these does a cat need to survive?\nY. grass to sleep in\nG. small animals to eat\nE. predators to chase it\nW. large trees to climb\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3347}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_3_27", "question": "A puddle of water on a concrete driveway will disappear after a few hours during a sunny day. Where does the water go as it disappears?", "choices": {"text": ["It goes into the air.", "Animals drink it.", "It soaks into the concrete.", "It becomes a different substance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A puddle of water on a concrete driveway will disappear after a few hours during a sunny day. Where does the water go as it disappears?\nA. It goes into the air.\nB. Animals drink it.\nC. It soaks into the concrete.\nD. It becomes a different substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A puddle of water on a concrete driveway will disappear after a few hours during a sunny day. Where does the water go as it disappears?", "choices": {"text": ["Animals drink it.", "It goes into the air.", "It soaks into the concrete.", "It becomes a different substance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A puddle of water on a concrete driveway will disappear after a few hours during a sunny day. Where does the water go as it disappears?\nA. Animals drink it.\nB. It goes into the air.\nC. It soaks into the concrete.\nD. It becomes a different substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A puddle of water on a concrete driveway will disappear after a few hours during a sunny day. Where does the water go as it disappears?", "choices": {"text": ["It goes into the air.", "Animals drink it.", "It soaks into the concrete.", "It becomes a different substance."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A puddle of water on a concrete driveway will disappear after a few hours during a sunny day. Where does the water go as it disappears?\n1. It goes into the air.\n2. Animals drink it.\n3. It soaks into the concrete.\n4. It becomes a different substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A puddle of water on a concrete driveway will disappear after a few hours during a sunny day. Where does the water go as it disappears?", "choices": {"text": ["It goes into the air.", "Animals drink it.", "It soaks into the concrete.", "It becomes a different substance."], "label": ["H", "K", "E", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: A puddle of water on a concrete driveway will disappear after a few hours during a sunny day. Where does the water go as it disappears?\nH. It goes into the air.\nK. Animals drink it.\nE. It soaks into the concrete.\nO. It becomes a different substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A puddle of water on a concrete driveway will disappear after a few hours during a sunny day. Where does the water go as it disappears?", "choices": {"text": ["Animals drink it.", "It goes into the air.", "It soaks into the concrete.", "It becomes a different substance."], "label": ["H", "K", "E", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: A puddle of water on a concrete driveway will disappear after a few hours during a sunny day. Where does the water go as it disappears?\nH. Animals drink it.\nK. It goes into the air.\nE. It soaks into the concrete.\nO. It becomes a different substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3348}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2009_8_32", "question": "Science students investigated the cause of the different phases of the moon. The model that would best demonstrate the cause of the phases of the moon would include representations of", "choices": {"text": ["the moon and Earth", "the moon and the sun", "the moon, the sun, and Earth", "the moon, the sun, and Venus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Science students investigated the cause of the different phases of the moon. The model that would best demonstrate the cause of the phases of the moon would include representations of\nA. the moon and Earth\nB. the moon and the sun\nC. the moon, the sun, and Earth\nD. the moon, the sun, and Venus\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Science students investigated the cause of the different phases of the moon. The model that would best demonstrate the cause of the phases of the moon would include representations of", "choices": {"text": ["the moon, the sun, and Earth", "the moon, the sun, and Venus", "the moon and the sun", "the moon and Earth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Science students investigated the cause of the different phases of the moon. The model that would best demonstrate the cause of the phases of the moon would include representations of\nA. the moon, the sun, and Earth\nB. the moon, the sun, and Venus\nC. the moon and the sun\nD. the moon and Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Science students investigated the cause of the different phases of the moon. The model that would best demonstrate the cause of the phases of the moon would include representations of", "choices": {"text": ["the moon and Earth", "the moon and the sun", "the moon, the sun, and Earth", "the moon, the sun, and Venus"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Science students investigated the cause of the different phases of the moon. The model that would best demonstrate the cause of the phases of the moon would include representations of\n1. the moon and Earth\n2. the moon and the sun\n3. the moon, the sun, and Earth\n4. the moon, the sun, and Venus\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Science students investigated the cause of the different phases of the moon. The model that would best demonstrate the cause of the phases of the moon would include representations of", "choices": {"text": ["the moon and Earth", "the moon and the sun", "the moon, the sun, and Earth", "the moon, the sun, and Venus"], "label": ["F", "S", "W", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Science students investigated the cause of the different phases of the moon. The model that would best demonstrate the cause of the phases of the moon would include representations of\nF. the moon and Earth\nS. the moon and the sun\nW. the moon, the sun, and Earth\nP. the moon, the sun, and Venus\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Science students investigated the cause of the different phases of the moon. The model that would best demonstrate the cause of the phases of the moon would include representations of", "choices": {"text": ["the moon, the sun, and Earth", "the moon, the sun, and Venus", "the moon and the sun", "the moon and Earth"], "label": ["F", "S", "W", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Science students investigated the cause of the different phases of the moon. The model that would best demonstrate the cause of the phases of the moon would include representations of\nF. the moon, the sun, and Earth\nS. the moon, the sun, and Venus\nW. the moon and the sun\nP. the moon and Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3349}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400115", "question": "Electrical energy is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["coming from the Sun.", "attracting objects.", "moving negative charges.", "developing radiation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical energy is best described as\nA. coming from the Sun.\nB. attracting objects.\nC. moving negative charges.\nD. developing radiation.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical energy is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["moving negative charges.", "attracting objects.", "developing radiation.", "coming from the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical energy is best described as\nA. moving negative charges.\nB. attracting objects.\nC. developing radiation.\nD. coming from the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical energy is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["coming from the Sun.", "attracting objects.", "moving negative charges.", "developing radiation."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical energy is best described as\n1. coming from the Sun.\n2. attracting objects.\n3. moving negative charges.\n4. developing radiation.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical energy is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["coming from the Sun.", "attracting objects.", "moving negative charges.", "developing radiation."], "label": ["W", "I", "V", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical energy is best described as\nW. coming from the Sun.\nI. attracting objects.\nV. moving negative charges.\nJ. developing radiation.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical energy is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["moving negative charges.", "attracting objects.", "developing radiation.", "coming from the Sun."], "label": ["W", "I", "V", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical energy is best described as\nW. moving negative charges.\nI. attracting objects.\nV. developing radiation.\nJ. coming from the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3350}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2012_5_21", "question": "A car and a truck are traveling at the same rate of speed. The vehicles approach a stop sign. Which statement best explains why the car stops in a shorter distance than the truck?", "choices": {"text": ["The car has a larger mass requiring less force to stop.", "The car has a smaller mass requiring more force to stop.", "The truck has a smaller mass requiring less force to stop.", "The truck has a larger mass requiring more force to stop."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A car and a truck are traveling at the same rate of speed. The vehicles approach a stop sign. Which statement best explains why the car stops in a shorter distance than the truck?\nA. The car has a larger mass requiring less force to stop.\nB. The car has a smaller mass requiring more force to stop.\nC. The truck has a smaller mass requiring less force to stop.\nD. The truck has a larger mass requiring more force to stop.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A car and a truck are traveling at the same rate of speed. The vehicles approach a stop sign. Which statement best explains why the car stops in a shorter distance than the truck?", "choices": {"text": ["The truck has a smaller mass requiring less force to stop.", "The truck has a larger mass requiring more force to stop.", "The car has a larger mass requiring less force to stop.", "The car has a smaller mass requiring more force to stop."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A car and a truck are traveling at the same rate of speed. The vehicles approach a stop sign. Which statement best explains why the car stops in a shorter distance than the truck?\nA. The truck has a smaller mass requiring less force to stop.\nB. The truck has a larger mass requiring more force to stop.\nC. The car has a larger mass requiring less force to stop.\nD. The car has a smaller mass requiring more force to stop.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A car and a truck are traveling at the same rate of speed. The vehicles approach a stop sign. Which statement best explains why the car stops in a shorter distance than the truck?", "choices": {"text": ["The car has a larger mass requiring less force to stop.", "The car has a smaller mass requiring more force to stop.", "The truck has a smaller mass requiring less force to stop.", "The truck has a larger mass requiring more force to stop."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A car and a truck are traveling at the same rate of speed. The vehicles approach a stop sign. Which statement best explains why the car stops in a shorter distance than the truck?\n1. The car has a larger mass requiring less force to stop.\n2. The car has a smaller mass requiring more force to stop.\n3. The truck has a smaller mass requiring less force to stop.\n4. The truck has a larger mass requiring more force to stop.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A car and a truck are traveling at the same rate of speed. The vehicles approach a stop sign. Which statement best explains why the car stops in a shorter distance than the truck?", "choices": {"text": ["The car has a larger mass requiring less force to stop.", "The car has a smaller mass requiring more force to stop.", "The truck has a smaller mass requiring less force to stop.", "The truck has a larger mass requiring more force to stop."], "label": ["L", "Y", "E", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A car and a truck are traveling at the same rate of speed. The vehicles approach a stop sign. Which statement best explains why the car stops in a shorter distance than the truck?\nL. The car has a larger mass requiring less force to stop.\nY. The car has a smaller mass requiring more force to stop.\nE. The truck has a smaller mass requiring less force to stop.\nB. The truck has a larger mass requiring more force to stop.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A car and a truck are traveling at the same rate of speed. The vehicles approach a stop sign. Which statement best explains why the car stops in a shorter distance than the truck?", "choices": {"text": ["The truck has a smaller mass requiring less force to stop.", "The truck has a larger mass requiring more force to stop.", "The car has a larger mass requiring less force to stop.", "The car has a smaller mass requiring more force to stop."], "label": ["L", "Y", "E", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A car and a truck are traveling at the same rate of speed. The vehicles approach a stop sign. Which statement best explains why the car stops in a shorter distance than the truck?\nL. The truck has a smaller mass requiring less force to stop.\nY. The truck has a larger mass requiring more force to stop.\nE. The car has a larger mass requiring less force to stop.\nB. The car has a smaller mass requiring more force to stop.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3351}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_5_24", "question": "After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation", "transpiration", "evaporation", "condensation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?\nA. precipitation\nB. transpiration\nC. evaporation\nD. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "condensation", "transpiration", "precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?\nA. evaporation\nB. condensation\nC. transpiration\nD. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation", "transpiration", "evaporation", "condensation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?\n1. precipitation\n2. transpiration\n3. evaporation\n4. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation", "transpiration", "evaporation", "condensation"], "label": ["O", "B", "R", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?\nO. precipitation\nB. transpiration\nR. evaporation\nK. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "condensation", "transpiration", "precipitation"], "label": ["O", "B", "R", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?\nO. evaporation\nB. condensation\nR. transpiration\nK. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3352}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7245245", "question": "After which event will primary succession most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["thunderstorm", "crop harvest", "volcanic eruption", "urban development"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After which event will primary succession most likely occur?\nA. thunderstorm\nB. crop harvest\nC. volcanic eruption\nD. urban development\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After which event will primary succession most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["thunderstorm", "volcanic eruption", "urban development", "crop harvest"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After which event will primary succession most likely occur?\nA. thunderstorm\nB. volcanic eruption\nC. urban development\nD. crop harvest\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After which event will primary succession most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["thunderstorm", "crop harvest", "volcanic eruption", "urban development"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After which event will primary succession most likely occur?\n1. thunderstorm\n2. crop harvest\n3. volcanic eruption\n4. urban development\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After which event will primary succession most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["thunderstorm", "crop harvest", "volcanic eruption", "urban development"], "label": ["R", "M", "B", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: After which event will primary succession most likely occur?\nR. thunderstorm\nM. crop harvest\nB. volcanic eruption\nU. urban development\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After which event will primary succession most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["thunderstorm", "volcanic eruption", "urban development", "crop harvest"], "label": ["R", "M", "B", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: After which event will primary succession most likely occur?\nR. thunderstorm\nM. volcanic eruption\nB. urban development\nU. crop harvest\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3353}
{"arc_id": "FCAT_2012_8_4", "question": "An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed and direction of the object will both change.", "The speed and direction of the object will remain constant.", "The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant.", "The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced?\nA. The speed and direction of the object will both change.\nB. The speed and direction of the object will remain constant.\nC. The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant.\nD. The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant.", "The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change.", "The speed and direction of the object will remain constant.", "The speed and direction of the object will both change."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced?\nA. The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant.\nB. The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change.\nC. The speed and direction of the object will remain constant.\nD. The speed and direction of the object will both change.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed and direction of the object will both change.", "The speed and direction of the object will remain constant.", "The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant.", "The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced?\n1. The speed and direction of the object will both change.\n2. The speed and direction of the object will remain constant.\n3. The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant.\n4. The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed and direction of the object will both change.", "The speed and direction of the object will remain constant.", "The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant.", "The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change."], "label": ["Z", "U", "M", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced?\nZ. The speed and direction of the object will both change.\nU. The speed and direction of the object will remain constant.\nM. The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant.\nV. The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant.", "The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change.", "The speed and direction of the object will remain constant.", "The speed and direction of the object will both change."], "label": ["Z", "U", "M", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object moves through space with balanced forces acting on it. Which statement best describes the speed and direction of the object as long as the forces acting on it remain balanced?\nZ. The speed will change, but the direction will remain constant.\nU. The speed will remain constant, but the direction will change.\nM. The speed and direction of the object will remain constant.\nV. The speed and direction of the object will both change.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3354}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402124", "question": "About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["1 year", "1 week", "1 day", "1 hour"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?\nA. 1 year\nB. 1 week\nC. 1 day\nD. 1 hour\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["1 hour", "1 week", "1 day", "1 year"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?\nA. 1 hour\nB. 1 week\nC. 1 day\nD. 1 year\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["1 year", "1 week", "1 day", "1 hour"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?\n1. 1 year\n2. 1 week\n3. 1 day\n4. 1 hour\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["1 year", "1 week", "1 day", "1 hour"], "label": ["D", "V", "R", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?\nD. 1 year\nV. 1 week\nR. 1 day\nF. 1 hour\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["1 hour", "1 week", "1 day", "1 year"], "label": ["D", "V", "R", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long does it take Earth to make a complete revolution around the Sun?\nD. 1 hour\nV. 1 week\nR. 1 day\nF. 1 year\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3355}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7219695", "question": "Scientists found trilobite and brachiopod index fossils in cliffs a great distance apart from each other. What can scientists infer about the rocks in which these fossils were found?", "choices": {"text": ["the age of the rock", "the slope of the rock", "the density of the rock", "the weathering of the rock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found trilobite and brachiopod index fossils in cliffs a great distance apart from each other. What can scientists infer about the rocks in which these fossils were found?\nA. the age of the rock\nB. the slope of the rock\nC. the density of the rock\nD. the weathering of the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found trilobite and brachiopod index fossils in cliffs a great distance apart from each other. What can scientists infer about the rocks in which these fossils were found?", "choices": {"text": ["the density of the rock", "the weathering of the rock", "the slope of the rock", "the age of the rock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found trilobite and brachiopod index fossils in cliffs a great distance apart from each other. What can scientists infer about the rocks in which these fossils were found?\nA. the density of the rock\nB. the weathering of the rock\nC. the slope of the rock\nD. the age of the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found trilobite and brachiopod index fossils in cliffs a great distance apart from each other. What can scientists infer about the rocks in which these fossils were found?", "choices": {"text": ["the age of the rock", "the slope of the rock", "the density of the rock", "the weathering of the rock"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found trilobite and brachiopod index fossils in cliffs a great distance apart from each other. What can scientists infer about the rocks in which these fossils were found?\n1. the age of the rock\n2. the slope of the rock\n3. the density of the rock\n4. the weathering of the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found trilobite and brachiopod index fossils in cliffs a great distance apart from each other. What can scientists infer about the rocks in which these fossils were found?", "choices": {"text": ["the age of the rock", "the slope of the rock", "the density of the rock", "the weathering of the rock"], "label": ["Z", "F", "E", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found trilobite and brachiopod index fossils in cliffs a great distance apart from each other. What can scientists infer about the rocks in which these fossils were found?\nZ. the age of the rock\nF. the slope of the rock\nE. the density of the rock\nJ. the weathering of the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found trilobite and brachiopod index fossils in cliffs a great distance apart from each other. What can scientists infer about the rocks in which these fossils were found?", "choices": {"text": ["the density of the rock", "the weathering of the rock", "the slope of the rock", "the age of the rock"], "label": ["Z", "F", "E", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found trilobite and brachiopod index fossils in cliffs a great distance apart from each other. What can scientists infer about the rocks in which these fossils were found?\nZ. the density of the rock\nF. the weathering of the rock\nE. the slope of the rock\nJ. the age of the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3356}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402122", "question": "Which of the following is a function of the digestive system of the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["carrying oxygen to the lungs", "sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord", "breaking down food into nutrients", "providing support for the body"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a function of the digestive system of the human body?\nA. carrying oxygen to the lungs\nB. sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord\nC. breaking down food into nutrients\nD. providing support for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a function of the digestive system of the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord", "breaking down food into nutrients", "carrying oxygen to the lungs", "providing support for the body"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a function of the digestive system of the human body?\nA. sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord\nB. breaking down food into nutrients\nC. carrying oxygen to the lungs\nD. providing support for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a function of the digestive system of the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["carrying oxygen to the lungs", "sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord", "breaking down food into nutrients", "providing support for the body"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a function of the digestive system of the human body?\n1. carrying oxygen to the lungs\n2. sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord\n3. breaking down food into nutrients\n4. providing support for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a function of the digestive system of the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["carrying oxygen to the lungs", "sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord", "breaking down food into nutrients", "providing support for the body"], "label": ["J", "Q", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a function of the digestive system of the human body?\nJ. carrying oxygen to the lungs\nQ. sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord\nI. breaking down food into nutrients\nL. providing support for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a function of the digestive system of the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord", "breaking down food into nutrients", "carrying oxygen to the lungs", "providing support for the body"], "label": ["J", "Q", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a function of the digestive system of the human body?\nJ. sending signals from the brain to the spinal cord\nQ. breaking down food into nutrients\nI. carrying oxygen to the lungs\nL. providing support for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3357}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405800", "question": "A person must lift a heavy load of bricks to the top of a building. Which simple machine is best used for this task?", "choices": {"text": ["a wedge", "a pulley", "an inclined plane", "a wheel and axle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A person must lift a heavy load of bricks to the top of a building. Which simple machine is best used for this task?\nA. a wedge\nB. a pulley\nC. an inclined plane\nD. a wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A person must lift a heavy load of bricks to the top of a building. Which simple machine is best used for this task?", "choices": {"text": ["a wheel and axle", "a wedge", "an inclined plane", "a pulley"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A person must lift a heavy load of bricks to the top of a building. Which simple machine is best used for this task?\nA. a wheel and axle\nB. a wedge\nC. an inclined plane\nD. a pulley\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A person must lift a heavy load of bricks to the top of a building. Which simple machine is best used for this task?", "choices": {"text": ["a wedge", "a pulley", "an inclined plane", "a wheel and axle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A person must lift a heavy load of bricks to the top of a building. Which simple machine is best used for this task?\n1. a wedge\n2. a pulley\n3. an inclined plane\n4. a wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A person must lift a heavy load of bricks to the top of a building. Which simple machine is best used for this task?", "choices": {"text": ["a wedge", "a pulley", "an inclined plane", "a wheel and axle"], "label": ["P", "W", "Z", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A person must lift a heavy load of bricks to the top of a building. Which simple machine is best used for this task?\nP. a wedge\nW. a pulley\nZ. an inclined plane\nM. a wheel and axle\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A person must lift a heavy load of bricks to the top of a building. Which simple machine is best used for this task?", "choices": {"text": ["a wheel and axle", "a wedge", "an inclined plane", "a pulley"], "label": ["P", "W", "Z", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A person must lift a heavy load of bricks to the top of a building. Which simple machine is best used for this task?\nP. a wheel and axle\nW. a wedge\nZ. an inclined plane\nM. a pulley\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3358}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400048", "question": "Which form of energy is required for a television set to work?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "heat", "light", "solar"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is required for a television set to work?\nA. electrical\nB. heat\nC. light\nD. solar\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is required for a television set to work?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "light", "electrical", "solar"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is required for a television set to work?\nA. heat\nB. light\nC. electrical\nD. solar\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is required for a television set to work?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "heat", "light", "solar"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is required for a television set to work?\n1. electrical\n2. heat\n3. light\n4. solar\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is required for a television set to work?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "heat", "light", "solar"], "label": ["L", "Z", "N", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is required for a television set to work?\nL. electrical\nZ. heat\nN. light\nM. solar\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is required for a television set to work?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "light", "electrical", "solar"], "label": ["L", "Z", "N", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is required for a television set to work?\nL. heat\nZ. light\nN. electrical\nM. solar\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3359}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7163870", "question": "The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["river flooding", "glacier melting", "ocean evaporation", "plant transpiration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?\nA. river flooding\nB. glacier melting\nC. ocean evaporation\nD. plant transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["plant transpiration", "ocean evaporation", "glacier melting", "river flooding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?\nA. plant transpiration\nB. ocean evaporation\nC. glacier melting\nD. river flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["river flooding", "glacier melting", "ocean evaporation", "plant transpiration"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?\n1. river flooding\n2. glacier melting\n3. ocean evaporation\n4. plant transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["river flooding", "glacier melting", "ocean evaporation", "plant transpiration"], "label": ["B", "S", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?\nB. river flooding\nS. glacier melting\nW. ocean evaporation\nQ. plant transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["plant transpiration", "ocean evaporation", "glacier melting", "river flooding"], "label": ["B", "S", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The water cycle is important for recycling the water on Earth. Which of these is the source of most of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?\nB. plant transpiration\nS. ocean evaporation\nW. glacier melting\nQ. river flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3360}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_9_2", "question": "The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?", "choices": {"text": ["aluminum", "calcium", "phosphorus", "tin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?\nA. aluminum\nB. calcium\nC. phosphorus\nD. tin\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?", "choices": {"text": ["phosphorus", "aluminum", "calcium", "tin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?\nA. phosphorus\nB. aluminum\nC. calcium\nD. tin\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?", "choices": {"text": ["aluminum", "calcium", "phosphorus", "tin"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?\n1. aluminum\n2. calcium\n3. phosphorus\n4. tin\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?", "choices": {"text": ["aluminum", "calcium", "phosphorus", "tin"], "label": ["C", "Q", "N", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?\nC. aluminum\nQ. calcium\nN. phosphorus\nZ. tin\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?", "choices": {"text": ["phosphorus", "aluminum", "calcium", "tin"], "label": ["C", "Q", "N", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The molecule ATP is composed of elements commonly found in organic molecules. Which of the following is one of these elements?\nC. phosphorus\nQ. aluminum\nN. calcium\nZ. tin\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3361}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_7", "question": "Which energy transformation occurs when a person hits a drum with a drumstick?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical to light", "sound to electrical", "light to mechanical", "mechanical to sound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy transformation occurs when a person hits a drum with a drumstick?\nA. electrical to light\nB. sound to electrical\nC. light to mechanical\nD. mechanical to sound\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy transformation occurs when a person hits a drum with a drumstick?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical to light", "sound to electrical", "mechanical to sound", "light to mechanical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy transformation occurs when a person hits a drum with a drumstick?\nA. electrical to light\nB. sound to electrical\nC. mechanical to sound\nD. light to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy transformation occurs when a person hits a drum with a drumstick?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical to light", "sound to electrical", "light to mechanical", "mechanical to sound"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy transformation occurs when a person hits a drum with a drumstick?\n1. electrical to light\n2. sound to electrical\n3. light to mechanical\n4. mechanical to sound\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy transformation occurs when a person hits a drum with a drumstick?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical to light", "sound to electrical", "light to mechanical", "mechanical to sound"], "label": ["O", "X", "I", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy transformation occurs when a person hits a drum with a drumstick?\nO. electrical to light\nX. sound to electrical\nI. light to mechanical\nQ. mechanical to sound\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy transformation occurs when a person hits a drum with a drumstick?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical to light", "sound to electrical", "mechanical to sound", "light to mechanical"], "label": ["O", "X", "I", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy transformation occurs when a person hits a drum with a drumstick?\nO. electrical to light\nX. sound to electrical\nI. mechanical to sound\nQ. light to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3362}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401170", "question": "Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical to heat", "heat to chemical", "electrical to chemical", "heat to mechanical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?\nA. electrical to heat\nB. heat to chemical\nC. electrical to chemical\nD. heat to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?", "choices": {"text": ["heat to chemical", "electrical to heat", "electrical to chemical", "heat to mechanical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?\nA. heat to chemical\nB. electrical to heat\nC. electrical to chemical\nD. heat to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical to heat", "heat to chemical", "electrical to chemical", "heat to mechanical"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?\n1. electrical to heat\n2. heat to chemical\n3. electrical to chemical\n4. heat to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical to heat", "heat to chemical", "electrical to chemical", "heat to mechanical"], "label": ["Y", "M", "G", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?\nY. electrical to heat\nM. heat to chemical\nG. electrical to chemical\nI. heat to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?", "choices": {"text": ["heat to chemical", "electrical to heat", "electrical to chemical", "heat to mechanical"], "label": ["Y", "M", "G", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the energy conversion by a household toaster?\nY. heat to chemical\nM. electrical to heat\nG. electrical to chemical\nI. heat to mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3363}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_24", "question": "In late fall, a rabbit's fur grows thicker. This adaptation occurs to", "choices": {"text": ["keep the rabbit's body warm", "keep the rabbit safe from predators", "help the rabbit find a mate", "help the rabbit find green plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In late fall, a rabbit's fur grows thicker. This adaptation occurs to\nA. keep the rabbit's body warm\nB. keep the rabbit safe from predators\nC. help the rabbit find a mate\nD. help the rabbit find green plants\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In late fall, a rabbit's fur grows thicker. This adaptation occurs to", "choices": {"text": ["help the rabbit find a mate", "keep the rabbit safe from predators", "help the rabbit find green plants", "keep the rabbit's body warm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In late fall, a rabbit's fur grows thicker. This adaptation occurs to\nA. help the rabbit find a mate\nB. keep the rabbit safe from predators\nC. help the rabbit find green plants\nD. keep the rabbit's body warm\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In late fall, a rabbit's fur grows thicker. This adaptation occurs to", "choices": {"text": ["keep the rabbit's body warm", "keep the rabbit safe from predators", "help the rabbit find a mate", "help the rabbit find green plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In late fall, a rabbit's fur grows thicker. This adaptation occurs to\n1. keep the rabbit's body warm\n2. keep the rabbit safe from predators\n3. help the rabbit find a mate\n4. help the rabbit find green plants\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In late fall, a rabbit's fur grows thicker. This adaptation occurs to", "choices": {"text": ["keep the rabbit's body warm", "keep the rabbit safe from predators", "help the rabbit find a mate", "help the rabbit find green plants"], "label": ["C", "J", "S", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In late fall, a rabbit's fur grows thicker. This adaptation occurs to\nC. keep the rabbit's body warm\nJ. keep the rabbit safe from predators\nS. help the rabbit find a mate\nD. help the rabbit find green plants\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In late fall, a rabbit's fur grows thicker. This adaptation occurs to", "choices": {"text": ["help the rabbit find a mate", "keep the rabbit safe from predators", "help the rabbit find green plants", "keep the rabbit's body warm"], "label": ["C", "J", "S", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In late fall, a rabbit's fur grows thicker. This adaptation occurs to\nC. help the rabbit find a mate\nJ. keep the rabbit safe from predators\nS. help the rabbit find green plants\nD. keep the rabbit's body warm\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3364}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401238", "question": "Many birds avoid eating the viceroy butterfly because it looks like the monarch butterfly. Monarch butterflies contain a substance that makes the birds sick when monarchs are eaten. The development of the pattern of the viceroy butterfly to look like the monarch butterfly is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["camouflage.", "coloration.", "diversity.", "mimicry."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many birds avoid eating the viceroy butterfly because it looks like the monarch butterfly. Monarch butterflies contain a substance that makes the birds sick when monarchs are eaten. The development of the pattern of the viceroy butterfly to look like the monarch butterfly is an example of\nA. camouflage.\nB. coloration.\nC. diversity.\nD. mimicry.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many birds avoid eating the viceroy butterfly because it looks like the monarch butterfly. Monarch butterflies contain a substance that makes the birds sick when monarchs are eaten. The development of the pattern of the viceroy butterfly to look like the monarch butterfly is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["camouflage.", "diversity.", "mimicry.", "coloration."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many birds avoid eating the viceroy butterfly because it looks like the monarch butterfly. Monarch butterflies contain a substance that makes the birds sick when monarchs are eaten. The development of the pattern of the viceroy butterfly to look like the monarch butterfly is an example of\nA. camouflage.\nB. diversity.\nC. mimicry.\nD. coloration.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many birds avoid eating the viceroy butterfly because it looks like the monarch butterfly. Monarch butterflies contain a substance that makes the birds sick when monarchs are eaten. The development of the pattern of the viceroy butterfly to look like the monarch butterfly is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["camouflage.", "coloration.", "diversity.", "mimicry."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many birds avoid eating the viceroy butterfly because it looks like the monarch butterfly. Monarch butterflies contain a substance that makes the birds sick when monarchs are eaten. The development of the pattern of the viceroy butterfly to look like the monarch butterfly is an example of\n1. camouflage.\n2. coloration.\n3. diversity.\n4. mimicry.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many birds avoid eating the viceroy butterfly because it looks like the monarch butterfly. Monarch butterflies contain a substance that makes the birds sick when monarchs are eaten. The development of the pattern of the viceroy butterfly to look like the monarch butterfly is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["camouflage.", "coloration.", "diversity.", "mimicry."], "label": ["O", "M", "X", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many birds avoid eating the viceroy butterfly because it looks like the monarch butterfly. Monarch butterflies contain a substance that makes the birds sick when monarchs are eaten. The development of the pattern of the viceroy butterfly to look like the monarch butterfly is an example of\nO. camouflage.\nM. coloration.\nX. diversity.\nH. mimicry.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many birds avoid eating the viceroy butterfly because it looks like the monarch butterfly. Monarch butterflies contain a substance that makes the birds sick when monarchs are eaten. The development of the pattern of the viceroy butterfly to look like the monarch butterfly is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["camouflage.", "diversity.", "mimicry.", "coloration."], "label": ["O", "M", "X", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many birds avoid eating the viceroy butterfly because it looks like the monarch butterfly. Monarch butterflies contain a substance that makes the birds sick when monarchs are eaten. The development of the pattern of the viceroy butterfly to look like the monarch butterfly is an example of\nO. camouflage.\nM. diversity.\nX. mimicry.\nH. coloration.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3365}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7218663", "question": "Which difference between water and ice results in ice floating on cold water?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "shape", "density", "volume"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which difference between water and ice results in ice floating on cold water?\nA. heat\nB. shape\nC. density\nD. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which difference between water and ice results in ice floating on cold water?", "choices": {"text": ["volume", "density", "shape", "heat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which difference between water and ice results in ice floating on cold water?\nA. volume\nB. density\nC. shape\nD. heat\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which difference between water and ice results in ice floating on cold water?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "shape", "density", "volume"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which difference between water and ice results in ice floating on cold water?\n1. heat\n2. shape\n3. density\n4. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which difference between water and ice results in ice floating on cold water?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "shape", "density", "volume"], "label": ["U", "B", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which difference between water and ice results in ice floating on cold water?\nU. heat\nB. shape\nN. density\nY. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which difference between water and ice results in ice floating on cold water?", "choices": {"text": ["volume", "density", "shape", "heat"], "label": ["U", "B", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which difference between water and ice results in ice floating on cold water?\nU. volume\nB. density\nN. shape\nY. heat\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3366}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7024938", "question": "When buying a sunscreen, which is the best question to keep in mind while reading the label for maximum effectiveness?", "choices": {"text": ["What is the cost per ounce?", "Who is the manufacturer?", "Is the product waterproof?", "How much protection does it provide?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When buying a sunscreen, which is the best question to keep in mind while reading the label for maximum effectiveness?\nA. What is the cost per ounce?\nB. Who is the manufacturer?\nC. Is the product waterproof?\nD. How much protection does it provide?\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When buying a sunscreen, which is the best question to keep in mind while reading the label for maximum effectiveness?", "choices": {"text": ["How much protection does it provide?", "What is the cost per ounce?", "Is the product waterproof?", "Who is the manufacturer?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When buying a sunscreen, which is the best question to keep in mind while reading the label for maximum effectiveness?\nA. How much protection does it provide?\nB. What is the cost per ounce?\nC. Is the product waterproof?\nD. Who is the manufacturer?\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When buying a sunscreen, which is the best question to keep in mind while reading the label for maximum effectiveness?", "choices": {"text": ["What is the cost per ounce?", "Who is the manufacturer?", "Is the product waterproof?", "How much protection does it provide?"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When buying a sunscreen, which is the best question to keep in mind while reading the label for maximum effectiveness?\n1. What is the cost per ounce?\n2. Who is the manufacturer?\n3. Is the product waterproof?\n4. How much protection does it provide?\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When buying a sunscreen, which is the best question to keep in mind while reading the label for maximum effectiveness?", "choices": {"text": ["What is the cost per ounce?", "Who is the manufacturer?", "Is the product waterproof?", "How much protection does it provide?"], "label": ["R", "E", "D", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: When buying a sunscreen, which is the best question to keep in mind while reading the label for maximum effectiveness?\nR. What is the cost per ounce?\nE. Who is the manufacturer?\nD. Is the product waterproof?\nF. How much protection does it provide?\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When buying a sunscreen, which is the best question to keep in mind while reading the label for maximum effectiveness?", "choices": {"text": ["How much protection does it provide?", "What is the cost per ounce?", "Is the product waterproof?", "Who is the manufacturer?"], "label": ["R", "E", "D", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: When buying a sunscreen, which is the best question to keep in mind while reading the label for maximum effectiveness?\nR. How much protection does it provide?\nE. What is the cost per ounce?\nD. Is the product waterproof?\nF. Who is the manufacturer?\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3367}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_182263", "question": "Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?", "choices": {"text": ["A sunflower grows toward the Sun.", "A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.", "An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.", "A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?\nA. A sunflower grows toward the Sun.\nB. A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.\nC. An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.\nD. A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?", "choices": {"text": ["A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.", "An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.", "A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one.", "A sunflower grows toward the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?\nA. A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.\nB. An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.\nC. A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one.\nD. A sunflower grows toward the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?", "choices": {"text": ["A sunflower grows toward the Sun.", "A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.", "An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.", "A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?\n1. A sunflower grows toward the Sun.\n2. A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.\n3. An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.\n4. A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?", "choices": {"text": ["A sunflower grows toward the Sun.", "A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.", "An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.", "A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one."], "label": ["F", "L", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?\nF. A sunflower grows toward the Sun.\nL. A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.\nX. An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.\nM. A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?", "choices": {"text": ["A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.", "An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.", "A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one.", "A sunflower grows toward the Sun."], "label": ["F", "L", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a description of an organism's development?\nF. A Venus's-flytrap plant closes its leaves around a fly.\nL. An egg hatches, grows into a tadpole and then into a frog.\nX. A lizard loses its tail and grows a new one.\nM. A sunflower grows toward the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3368}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7086800", "question": "Soil that drains slowly most likely has a high amount of", "choices": {"text": ["ash.", "sand.", "clay.", "peat."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil that drains slowly most likely has a high amount of\nA. ash.\nB. sand.\nC. clay.\nD. peat.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil that drains slowly most likely has a high amount of", "choices": {"text": ["ash.", "sand.", "peat.", "clay."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil that drains slowly most likely has a high amount of\nA. ash.\nB. sand.\nC. peat.\nD. clay.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil that drains slowly most likely has a high amount of", "choices": {"text": ["ash.", "sand.", "clay.", "peat."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil that drains slowly most likely has a high amount of\n1. ash.\n2. sand.\n3. clay.\n4. peat.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil that drains slowly most likely has a high amount of", "choices": {"text": ["ash.", "sand.", "clay.", "peat."], "label": ["H", "F", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil that drains slowly most likely has a high amount of\nH. ash.\nF. sand.\nW. clay.\nQ. peat.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil that drains slowly most likely has a high amount of", "choices": {"text": ["ash.", "sand.", "peat.", "clay."], "label": ["H", "F", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil that drains slowly most likely has a high amount of\nH. ash.\nF. sand.\nW. peat.\nQ. clay.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3369}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7248308", "question": "Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the best description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?", "choices": {"text": ["digestion and absorption of proteins in the liver", "digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine", "digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the liver", "digestion and absorption of cholesterol in the large intestine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the best description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?\nA. digestion and absorption of proteins in the liver\nB. digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine\nC. digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the liver\nD. digestion and absorption of cholesterol in the large intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the best description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?", "choices": {"text": ["digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the liver", "digestion and absorption of cholesterol in the large intestine", "digestion and absorption of proteins in the liver", "digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the best description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?\nA. digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the liver\nB. digestion and absorption of cholesterol in the large intestine\nC. digestion and absorption of proteins in the liver\nD. digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the best description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?", "choices": {"text": ["digestion and absorption of proteins in the liver", "digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine", "digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the liver", "digestion and absorption of cholesterol in the large intestine"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the best description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?\n1. digestion and absorption of proteins in the liver\n2. digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine\n3. digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the liver\n4. digestion and absorption of cholesterol in the large intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the best description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?", "choices": {"text": ["digestion and absorption of proteins in the liver", "digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine", "digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the liver", "digestion and absorption of cholesterol in the large intestine"], "label": ["V", "X", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the best description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?\nV. digestion and absorption of proteins in the liver\nX. digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine\nI. digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the liver\nT. digestion and absorption of cholesterol in the large intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the best description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?", "choices": {"text": ["digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the liver", "digestion and absorption of cholesterol in the large intestine", "digestion and absorption of proteins in the liver", "digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine"], "label": ["V", "X", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the best description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?\nV. digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the liver\nX. digestion and absorption of cholesterol in the large intestine\nI. digestion and absorption of proteins in the liver\nT. digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3370}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_31", "question": "Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear", "light", "chemical", "sound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?\nA. nuclear\nB. light\nC. chemical\nD. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?", "choices": {"text": ["sound", "light", "chemical", "nuclear"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?\nA. sound\nB. light\nC. chemical\nD. nuclear\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear", "light", "chemical", "sound"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?\n1. nuclear\n2. light\n3. chemical\n4. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear", "light", "chemical", "sound"], "label": ["X", "I", "E", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?\nX. nuclear\nI. light\nE. chemical\nP. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?", "choices": {"text": ["sound", "light", "chemical", "nuclear"], "label": ["X", "I", "E", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy is transferred by vibrational waves?\nX. sound\nI. light\nE. chemical\nP. nuclear\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3371}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7228078", "question": "The process of gene regulation directly impacts", "choices": {"text": ["how much DNA is stored.", "how much DNA is replicated.", "which mRNA is produced.", "which tRNA is produced."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process of gene regulation directly impacts\nA. how much DNA is stored.\nB. how much DNA is replicated.\nC. which mRNA is produced.\nD. which tRNA is produced.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The process of gene regulation directly impacts", "choices": {"text": ["how much DNA is replicated.", "how much DNA is stored.", "which tRNA is produced.", "which mRNA is produced."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process of gene regulation directly impacts\nA. how much DNA is replicated.\nB. how much DNA is stored.\nC. which tRNA is produced.\nD. which mRNA is produced.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The process of gene regulation directly impacts", "choices": {"text": ["how much DNA is stored.", "how much DNA is replicated.", "which mRNA is produced.", "which tRNA is produced."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process of gene regulation directly impacts\n1. how much DNA is stored.\n2. how much DNA is replicated.\n3. which mRNA is produced.\n4. which tRNA is produced.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The process of gene regulation directly impacts", "choices": {"text": ["how much DNA is stored.", "how much DNA is replicated.", "which mRNA is produced.", "which tRNA is produced."], "label": ["N", "T", "Q", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process of gene regulation directly impacts\nN. how much DNA is stored.\nT. how much DNA is replicated.\nQ. which mRNA is produced.\nM. which tRNA is produced.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The process of gene regulation directly impacts", "choices": {"text": ["how much DNA is replicated.", "how much DNA is stored.", "which tRNA is produced.", "which mRNA is produced."], "label": ["N", "T", "Q", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process of gene regulation directly impacts\nN. how much DNA is replicated.\nT. how much DNA is stored.\nQ. which tRNA is produced.\nM. which mRNA is produced.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3372}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402040", "question": "What is the most important thing a cylinder, a measuring cup, and a beaker all have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They all hold liquids.", "They can all be made of glass.", "They can all be marked in milliliters.", "They can all be used to measure the volume of a liquid."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most important thing a cylinder, a measuring cup, and a beaker all have in common?\nA. They all hold liquids.\nB. They can all be made of glass.\nC. They can all be marked in milliliters.\nD. They can all be used to measure the volume of a liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most important thing a cylinder, a measuring cup, and a beaker all have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They can all be marked in milliliters.", "They all hold liquids.", "They can all be used to measure the volume of a liquid.", "They can all be made of glass."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most important thing a cylinder, a measuring cup, and a beaker all have in common?\nA. They can all be marked in milliliters.\nB. They all hold liquids.\nC. They can all be used to measure the volume of a liquid.\nD. They can all be made of glass.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most important thing a cylinder, a measuring cup, and a beaker all have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They all hold liquids.", "They can all be made of glass.", "They can all be marked in milliliters.", "They can all be used to measure the volume of a liquid."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most important thing a cylinder, a measuring cup, and a beaker all have in common?\n1. They all hold liquids.\n2. They can all be made of glass.\n3. They can all be marked in milliliters.\n4. They can all be used to measure the volume of a liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most important thing a cylinder, a measuring cup, and a beaker all have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They all hold liquids.", "They can all be made of glass.", "They can all be marked in milliliters.", "They can all be used to measure the volume of a liquid."], "label": ["U", "M", "Z", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most important thing a cylinder, a measuring cup, and a beaker all have in common?\nU. They all hold liquids.\nM. They can all be made of glass.\nZ. They can all be marked in milliliters.\nQ. They can all be used to measure the volume of a liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most important thing a cylinder, a measuring cup, and a beaker all have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They can all be marked in milliliters.", "They all hold liquids.", "They can all be used to measure the volume of a liquid.", "They can all be made of glass."], "label": ["U", "M", "Z", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most important thing a cylinder, a measuring cup, and a beaker all have in common?\nU. They can all be marked in milliliters.\nM. They all hold liquids.\nZ. They can all be used to measure the volume of a liquid.\nQ. They can all be made of glass.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3373}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026758", "question": "Scientists have shown that clearing the forest in the Amazon for farming is causing the extinction of native species. Which is the most direct cause of extinction from clear-cutting of land?", "choices": {"text": ["pollution", "habitat loss", "climate change", "use of fertilizers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have shown that clearing the forest in the Amazon for farming is causing the extinction of native species. Which is the most direct cause of extinction from clear-cutting of land?\nA. pollution\nB. habitat loss\nC. climate change\nD. use of fertilizers\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have shown that clearing the forest in the Amazon for farming is causing the extinction of native species. Which is the most direct cause of extinction from clear-cutting of land?", "choices": {"text": ["climate change", "pollution", "use of fertilizers", "habitat loss"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have shown that clearing the forest in the Amazon for farming is causing the extinction of native species. Which is the most direct cause of extinction from clear-cutting of land?\nA. climate change\nB. pollution\nC. use of fertilizers\nD. habitat loss\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have shown that clearing the forest in the Amazon for farming is causing the extinction of native species. Which is the most direct cause of extinction from clear-cutting of land?", "choices": {"text": ["pollution", "habitat loss", "climate change", "use of fertilizers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have shown that clearing the forest in the Amazon for farming is causing the extinction of native species. Which is the most direct cause of extinction from clear-cutting of land?\n1. pollution\n2. habitat loss\n3. climate change\n4. use of fertilizers\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have shown that clearing the forest in the Amazon for farming is causing the extinction of native species. Which is the most direct cause of extinction from clear-cutting of land?", "choices": {"text": ["pollution", "habitat loss", "climate change", "use of fertilizers"], "label": ["E", "V", "N", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have shown that clearing the forest in the Amazon for farming is causing the extinction of native species. Which is the most direct cause of extinction from clear-cutting of land?\nE. pollution\nV. habitat loss\nN. climate change\nD. use of fertilizers\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have shown that clearing the forest in the Amazon for farming is causing the extinction of native species. Which is the most direct cause of extinction from clear-cutting of land?", "choices": {"text": ["climate change", "pollution", "use of fertilizers", "habitat loss"], "label": ["E", "V", "N", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have shown that clearing the forest in the Amazon for farming is causing the extinction of native species. Which is the most direct cause of extinction from clear-cutting of land?\nE. climate change\nV. pollution\nN. use of fertilizers\nD. habitat loss\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3374}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409676", "question": "James read that plants benefit animals by changing the atmosphere. How do plants most likely change the atmosphere in a way that is beneficial for animals?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants release oxygen.", "Plants absorb sunlight.", "Plants produce heat energy.", "Plants make carbon dioxide."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: James read that plants benefit animals by changing the atmosphere. How do plants most likely change the atmosphere in a way that is beneficial for animals?\nA. Plants release oxygen.\nB. Plants absorb sunlight.\nC. Plants produce heat energy.\nD. Plants make carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "James read that plants benefit animals by changing the atmosphere. How do plants most likely change the atmosphere in a way that is beneficial for animals?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants produce heat energy.", "Plants absorb sunlight.", "Plants release oxygen.", "Plants make carbon dioxide."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: James read that plants benefit animals by changing the atmosphere. How do plants most likely change the atmosphere in a way that is beneficial for animals?\nA. Plants produce heat energy.\nB. Plants absorb sunlight.\nC. Plants release oxygen.\nD. Plants make carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "James read that plants benefit animals by changing the atmosphere. How do plants most likely change the atmosphere in a way that is beneficial for animals?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants release oxygen.", "Plants absorb sunlight.", "Plants produce heat energy.", "Plants make carbon dioxide."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: James read that plants benefit animals by changing the atmosphere. How do plants most likely change the atmosphere in a way that is beneficial for animals?\n1. Plants release oxygen.\n2. Plants absorb sunlight.\n3. Plants produce heat energy.\n4. Plants make carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "James read that plants benefit animals by changing the atmosphere. How do plants most likely change the atmosphere in a way that is beneficial for animals?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants release oxygen.", "Plants absorb sunlight.", "Plants produce heat energy.", "Plants make carbon dioxide."], "label": ["V", "W", "K", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: James read that plants benefit animals by changing the atmosphere. How do plants most likely change the atmosphere in a way that is beneficial for animals?\nV. Plants release oxygen.\nW. Plants absorb sunlight.\nK. Plants produce heat energy.\nU. Plants make carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "James read that plants benefit animals by changing the atmosphere. How do plants most likely change the atmosphere in a way that is beneficial for animals?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants produce heat energy.", "Plants absorb sunlight.", "Plants release oxygen.", "Plants make carbon dioxide."], "label": ["V", "W", "K", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: James read that plants benefit animals by changing the atmosphere. How do plants most likely change the atmosphere in a way that is beneficial for animals?\nV. Plants produce heat energy.\nW. Plants absorb sunlight.\nK. Plants release oxygen.\nU. Plants make carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3375}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_9", "question": "What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?", "choices": {"text": ["pedigree chart", "dichotomous key", "energy pyramid", "line graph"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?\nA. pedigree chart\nB. dichotomous key\nC. energy pyramid\nD. line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?", "choices": {"text": ["line graph", "pedigree chart", "dichotomous key", "energy pyramid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?\nA. line graph\nB. pedigree chart\nC. dichotomous key\nD. energy pyramid\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?", "choices": {"text": ["pedigree chart", "dichotomous key", "energy pyramid", "line graph"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?\n1. pedigree chart\n2. dichotomous key\n3. energy pyramid\n4. line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?", "choices": {"text": ["pedigree chart", "dichotomous key", "energy pyramid", "line graph"], "label": ["Z", "S", "W", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?\nZ. pedigree chart\nS. dichotomous key\nW. energy pyramid\nX. line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?", "choices": {"text": ["line graph", "pedigree chart", "dichotomous key", "energy pyramid"], "label": ["Z", "S", "W", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: What model is used to show the pattern of traits that are passed from one generation to the next in a family?\nZ. line graph\nS. pedigree chart\nW. dichotomous key\nX. energy pyramid\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3376}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10906", "question": "Tiny droplets of water seen floating in the air can give scientists a clue about the weather. What are groups of these droplets called?", "choices": {"text": ["hail", "rain", "a front", "a cloud"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tiny droplets of water seen floating in the air can give scientists a clue about the weather. What are groups of these droplets called?\nA. hail\nB. rain\nC. a front\nD. a cloud\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Tiny droplets of water seen floating in the air can give scientists a clue about the weather. What are groups of these droplets called?", "choices": {"text": ["a front", "rain", "a cloud", "hail"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tiny droplets of water seen floating in the air can give scientists a clue about the weather. What are groups of these droplets called?\nA. a front\nB. rain\nC. a cloud\nD. hail\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Tiny droplets of water seen floating in the air can give scientists a clue about the weather. What are groups of these droplets called?", "choices": {"text": ["hail", "rain", "a front", "a cloud"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tiny droplets of water seen floating in the air can give scientists a clue about the weather. What are groups of these droplets called?\n1. hail\n2. rain\n3. a front\n4. a cloud\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tiny droplets of water seen floating in the air can give scientists a clue about the weather. What are groups of these droplets called?", "choices": {"text": ["hail", "rain", "a front", "a cloud"], "label": ["P", "I", "Z", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tiny droplets of water seen floating in the air can give scientists a clue about the weather. What are groups of these droplets called?\nP. hail\nI. rain\nZ. a front\nR. a cloud\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tiny droplets of water seen floating in the air can give scientists a clue about the weather. What are groups of these droplets called?", "choices": {"text": ["a front", "rain", "a cloud", "hail"], "label": ["P", "I", "Z", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tiny droplets of water seen floating in the air can give scientists a clue about the weather. What are groups of these droplets called?\nP. a front\nI. rain\nZ. a cloud\nR. hail\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3377}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2010_8_38", "question": "When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?", "choices": {"text": ["Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.", "Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.", "Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.", "Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?\nA. Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.\nB. Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.\nC. Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.\nD. Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?", "choices": {"text": ["Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.", "Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.", "Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.", "Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?\nA. Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.\nB. Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.\nC. Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.\nD. Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?", "choices": {"text": ["Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.", "Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.", "Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.", "Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?\n1. Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.\n2. Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.\n3. Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.\n4. Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?", "choices": {"text": ["Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.", "Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.", "Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.", "Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources."], "label": ["J", "N", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?\nJ. Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.\nN. Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.\nP. Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.\nY. Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?", "choices": {"text": ["Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.", "Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.", "Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.", "Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly."], "label": ["J", "N", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat. Why do non-native plants threaten native plants?\nJ. Non-native plants cause native animals to relocate.\nN. Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources.\nP. Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine.\nY. Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3378}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416672", "question": "Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?", "choices": {"text": ["dialysis machine", "electrocardiogram", "electroencephalogram", "automatic external defibrillator"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?\nA. dialysis machine\nB. electrocardiogram\nC. electroencephalogram\nD. automatic external defibrillator\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?", "choices": {"text": ["automatic external defibrillator", "electroencephalogram", "dialysis machine", "electrocardiogram"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?\nA. automatic external defibrillator\nB. electroencephalogram\nC. dialysis machine\nD. electrocardiogram\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?", "choices": {"text": ["dialysis machine", "electrocardiogram", "electroencephalogram", "automatic external defibrillator"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?\n1. dialysis machine\n2. electrocardiogram\n3. electroencephalogram\n4. automatic external defibrillator\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?", "choices": {"text": ["dialysis machine", "electrocardiogram", "electroencephalogram", "automatic external defibrillator"], "label": ["P", "M", "W", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?\nP. dialysis machine\nM. electrocardiogram\nW. electroencephalogram\nY. automatic external defibrillator\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?", "choices": {"text": ["automatic external defibrillator", "electroencephalogram", "dialysis machine", "electrocardiogram"], "label": ["P", "M", "W", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technology enables doctors to monitor the function of the heart?\nP. automatic external defibrillator\nM. electroencephalogram\nW. dialysis machine\nY. electrocardiogram\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3379}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2014_7_12", "question": "Which substance contributes most to the greenhouse effect?", "choices": {"text": ["wood smoke", "nitrous oxides", "carbon dioxide", "nuclear radiation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which substance contributes most to the greenhouse effect?\nA. wood smoke\nB. nitrous oxides\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. nuclear radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which substance contributes most to the greenhouse effect?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrous oxides", "carbon dioxide", "wood smoke", "nuclear radiation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which substance contributes most to the greenhouse effect?\nA. nitrous oxides\nB. carbon dioxide\nC. wood smoke\nD. nuclear radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which substance contributes most to the greenhouse effect?", "choices": {"text": ["wood smoke", "nitrous oxides", "carbon dioxide", "nuclear radiation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which substance contributes most to the greenhouse effect?\n1. wood smoke\n2. nitrous oxides\n3. carbon dioxide\n4. nuclear radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which substance contributes most to the greenhouse effect?", "choices": {"text": ["wood smoke", "nitrous oxides", "carbon dioxide", "nuclear radiation"], "label": ["S", "D", "J", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which substance contributes most to the greenhouse effect?\nS. wood smoke\nD. nitrous oxides\nJ. carbon dioxide\nU. nuclear radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which substance contributes most to the greenhouse effect?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrous oxides", "carbon dioxide", "wood smoke", "nuclear radiation"], "label": ["S", "D", "J", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which substance contributes most to the greenhouse effect?\nS. nitrous oxides\nD. carbon dioxide\nJ. wood smoke\nU. nuclear radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3380}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_26", "question": "A large amount of oil was spilled in a lake environment. Within a few weeks, the number of plants and animals living in the area where the oil was spilled will most likely", "choices": {"text": ["decrease", "increase", "remain the same"], "label": ["A", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large amount of oil was spilled in a lake environment. Within a few weeks, the number of plants and animals living in the area where the oil was spilled will most likely\nA. decrease\nB. increase\nC. remain the same\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A large amount of oil was spilled in a lake environment. Within a few weeks, the number of plants and animals living in the area where the oil was spilled will most likely", "choices": {"text": ["increase", "decrease", "remain the same"], "label": ["A", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large amount of oil was spilled in a lake environment. Within a few weeks, the number of plants and animals living in the area where the oil was spilled will most likely\nA. increase\nB. decrease\nC. remain the same\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A large amount of oil was spilled in a lake environment. Within a few weeks, the number of plants and animals living in the area where the oil was spilled will most likely", "choices": {"text": ["decrease", "increase", "remain the same"], "label": ["1", "2", "3"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large amount of oil was spilled in a lake environment. Within a few weeks, the number of plants and animals living in the area where the oil was spilled will most likely\n1. decrease\n2. increase\n3. remain the same\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A large amount of oil was spilled in a lake environment. Within a few weeks, the number of plants and animals living in the area where the oil was spilled will most likely", "choices": {"text": ["decrease", "increase", "remain the same"], "label": ["B", "Z", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large amount of oil was spilled in a lake environment. Within a few weeks, the number of plants and animals living in the area where the oil was spilled will most likely\nB. decrease\nZ. increase\nJ. remain the same\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A large amount of oil was spilled in a lake environment. Within a few weeks, the number of plants and animals living in the area where the oil was spilled will most likely", "choices": {"text": ["increase", "decrease", "remain the same"], "label": ["B", "Z", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large amount of oil was spilled in a lake environment. Within a few weeks, the number of plants and animals living in the area where the oil was spilled will most likely\nB. increase\nZ. decrease\nJ. remain the same\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3381}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2008_8_29", "question": "Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth on its axis", "the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun", "the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system", "the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?\nA. the rotation of Earth on its axis\nB. the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun\nC. the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system\nD. the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?", "choices": {"text": ["the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun", "the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth", "the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system", "the rotation of Earth on its axis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?\nA. the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun\nB. the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth\nC. the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system\nD. the rotation of Earth on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth on its axis", "the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun", "the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system", "the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?\n1. the rotation of Earth on its axis\n2. the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun\n3. the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system\n4. the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth on its axis", "the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun", "the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system", "the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth"], "label": ["D", "I", "K", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?\nD. the rotation of Earth on its axis\nI. the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun\nK. the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system\nA. the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?", "choices": {"text": ["the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun", "the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth", "the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system", "the rotation of Earth on its axis"], "label": ["D", "I", "K", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which explains the relationship between hours of sunlight and seasons?\nD. the tilt of Earth's axis relative to the sun\nI. the motion of the moon as it travels around Earth\nK. the location of Earth's orbit in the solar system\nA. the rotation of Earth on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3382}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_184170", "question": "The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen.", "water vapor.", "ozone.", "carbon monoxide."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of\nA. nitrogen.\nB. water vapor.\nC. ozone.\nD. carbon monoxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of", "choices": {"text": ["ozone.", "carbon monoxide.", "water vapor.", "nitrogen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of\nA. ozone.\nB. carbon monoxide.\nC. water vapor.\nD. nitrogen.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen.", "water vapor.", "ozone.", "carbon monoxide."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of\n1. nitrogen.\n2. water vapor.\n3. ozone.\n4. carbon monoxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen.", "water vapor.", "ozone.", "carbon monoxide."], "label": ["B", "R", "Y", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of\nB. nitrogen.\nR. water vapor.\nY. ozone.\nG. carbon monoxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of", "choices": {"text": ["ozone.", "carbon monoxide.", "water vapor.", "nitrogen."], "label": ["B", "R", "Y", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperature of the stratosphere increases with altitude because of the presence of\nB. ozone.\nR. carbon monoxide.\nY. water vapor.\nG. nitrogen.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3383}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405769", "question": "Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?", "choices": {"text": ["virus", "tissue", "organ", "nucleus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?\nA. virus\nB. tissue\nC. organ\nD. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "organ", "tissue", "virus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?\nA. nucleus\nB. organ\nC. tissue\nD. virus\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?", "choices": {"text": ["virus", "tissue", "organ", "nucleus"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?\n1. virus\n2. tissue\n3. organ\n4. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?", "choices": {"text": ["virus", "tissue", "organ", "nucleus"], "label": ["X", "K", "P", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?\nX. virus\nK. tissue\nP. organ\nN. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "organ", "tissue", "virus"], "label": ["X", "K", "P", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure refers to a group of specialized cells that all perform the same function?\nX. nucleus\nK. organ\nP. tissue\nN. virus\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3384}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400359", "question": "Which event occurs only twice each year?", "choices": {"text": ["lunar eclipse", "full moon", "equinox", "low tide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event occurs only twice each year?\nA. lunar eclipse\nB. full moon\nC. equinox\nD. low tide\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event occurs only twice each year?", "choices": {"text": ["low tide", "full moon", "lunar eclipse", "equinox"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event occurs only twice each year?\nA. low tide\nB. full moon\nC. lunar eclipse\nD. equinox\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event occurs only twice each year?", "choices": {"text": ["lunar eclipse", "full moon", "equinox", "low tide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event occurs only twice each year?\n1. lunar eclipse\n2. full moon\n3. equinox\n4. low tide\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event occurs only twice each year?", "choices": {"text": ["lunar eclipse", "full moon", "equinox", "low tide"], "label": ["Z", "U", "F", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event occurs only twice each year?\nZ. lunar eclipse\nU. full moon\nF. equinox\nY. low tide\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event occurs only twice each year?", "choices": {"text": ["low tide", "full moon", "lunar eclipse", "equinox"], "label": ["Z", "U", "F", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event occurs only twice each year?\nZ. low tide\nU. full moon\nF. lunar eclipse\nY. equinox\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3385}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7011393", "question": "What would be the phenotype of a cross between a homozygous dominant tall plant and a homozygous recessive short plant?", "choices": {"text": ["100% tall", "100% short", "25% short, 75% tall", "50% short, 50% tall"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What would be the phenotype of a cross between a homozygous dominant tall plant and a homozygous recessive short plant?\nA. 100% tall\nB. 100% short\nC. 25% short, 75% tall\nD. 50% short, 50% tall\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What would be the phenotype of a cross between a homozygous dominant tall plant and a homozygous recessive short plant?", "choices": {"text": ["50% short, 50% tall", "25% short, 75% tall", "100% short", "100% tall"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What would be the phenotype of a cross between a homozygous dominant tall plant and a homozygous recessive short plant?\nA. 50% short, 50% tall\nB. 25% short, 75% tall\nC. 100% short\nD. 100% tall\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What would be the phenotype of a cross between a homozygous dominant tall plant and a homozygous recessive short plant?", "choices": {"text": ["100% tall", "100% short", "25% short, 75% tall", "50% short, 50% tall"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What would be the phenotype of a cross between a homozygous dominant tall plant and a homozygous recessive short plant?\n1. 100% tall\n2. 100% short\n3. 25% short, 75% tall\n4. 50% short, 50% tall\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What would be the phenotype of a cross between a homozygous dominant tall plant and a homozygous recessive short plant?", "choices": {"text": ["100% tall", "100% short", "25% short, 75% tall", "50% short, 50% tall"], "label": ["X", "B", "N", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What would be the phenotype of a cross between a homozygous dominant tall plant and a homozygous recessive short plant?\nX. 100% tall\nB. 100% short\nN. 25% short, 75% tall\nH. 50% short, 50% tall\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What would be the phenotype of a cross between a homozygous dominant tall plant and a homozygous recessive short plant?", "choices": {"text": ["50% short, 50% tall", "25% short, 75% tall", "100% short", "100% tall"], "label": ["X", "B", "N", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What would be the phenotype of a cross between a homozygous dominant tall plant and a homozygous recessive short plant?\nX. 50% short, 50% tall\nB. 25% short, 75% tall\nN. 100% short\nH. 100% tall\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3386}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409682", "question": "Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?", "choices": {"text": ["element", "compound", "mixture", "solution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?\nA. element\nB. compound\nC. mixture\nD. solution\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?", "choices": {"text": ["solution", "mixture", "compound", "element"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?\nA. solution\nB. mixture\nC. compound\nD. element\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?", "choices": {"text": ["element", "compound", "mixture", "solution"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?\n1. element\n2. compound\n3. mixture\n4. solution\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?", "choices": {"text": ["element", "compound", "mixture", "solution"], "label": ["Y", "B", "E", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?\nY. element\nB. compound\nE. mixture\nU. solution\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?", "choices": {"text": ["solution", "mixture", "compound", "element"], "label": ["Y", "B", "E", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joey is making breakfast and pours a glass of milk over a bowl of dry cereal. Which best describes what Joey made for breakfast?\nY. solution\nB. mixture\nE. compound\nU. element\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3387}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7220028", "question": "Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?", "choices": {"text": ["the disease-causing particles", "cells exposed to the disease", "toxins released by diseased cells", "disease-specific antibodies"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?\nA. the disease-causing particles\nB. cells exposed to the disease\nC. toxins released by diseased cells\nD. disease-specific antibodies\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?", "choices": {"text": ["toxins released by diseased cells", "the disease-causing particles", "disease-specific antibodies", "cells exposed to the disease"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?\nA. toxins released by diseased cells\nB. the disease-causing particles\nC. disease-specific antibodies\nD. cells exposed to the disease\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?", "choices": {"text": ["the disease-causing particles", "cells exposed to the disease", "toxins released by diseased cells", "disease-specific antibodies"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?\n1. the disease-causing particles\n2. cells exposed to the disease\n3. toxins released by diseased cells\n4. disease-specific antibodies\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?", "choices": {"text": ["the disease-causing particles", "cells exposed to the disease", "toxins released by diseased cells", "disease-specific antibodies"], "label": ["T", "S", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?\nT. the disease-causing particles\nS. cells exposed to the disease\nW. toxins released by diseased cells\nQ. disease-specific antibodies\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?", "choices": {"text": ["toxins released by diseased cells", "the disease-causing particles", "disease-specific antibodies", "cells exposed to the disease"], "label": ["T", "S", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists determined that specific agents produce specific diseases, and many are transmitted by sneezing. What must the droplets contain for a disease to be transmitted by sneezing?\nT. toxins released by diseased cells\nS. the disease-causing particles\nW. disease-specific antibodies\nQ. cells exposed to the disease\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3388}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_5_15", "question": "Which of the following organisms would most likely get its food energy only from consumers?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "grass", "hawk", "mushroom"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following organisms would most likely get its food energy only from consumers?\nA. deer\nB. grass\nC. hawk\nD. mushroom\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following organisms would most likely get its food energy only from consumers?", "choices": {"text": ["hawk", "deer", "mushroom", "grass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following organisms would most likely get its food energy only from consumers?\nA. hawk\nB. deer\nC. mushroom\nD. grass\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following organisms would most likely get its food energy only from consumers?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "grass", "hawk", "mushroom"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following organisms would most likely get its food energy only from consumers?\n1. deer\n2. grass\n3. hawk\n4. mushroom\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following organisms would most likely get its food energy only from consumers?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "grass", "hawk", "mushroom"], "label": ["W", "K", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following organisms would most likely get its food energy only from consumers?\nW. deer\nK. grass\nX. hawk\nM. mushroom\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following organisms would most likely get its food energy only from consumers?", "choices": {"text": ["hawk", "deer", "mushroom", "grass"], "label": ["W", "K", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following organisms would most likely get its food energy only from consumers?\nW. hawk\nK. deer\nX. mushroom\nM. grass\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3389}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400217", "question": "Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from", "choices": {"text": ["water eroding the land.", "meteors hitting Earth.", "repeated volcanic eruptions.", "the decay of organic material."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from\nA. water eroding the land.\nB. meteors hitting Earth.\nC. repeated volcanic eruptions.\nD. the decay of organic material.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from", "choices": {"text": ["the decay of organic material.", "water eroding the land.", "repeated volcanic eruptions.", "meteors hitting Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from\nA. the decay of organic material.\nB. water eroding the land.\nC. repeated volcanic eruptions.\nD. meteors hitting Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from", "choices": {"text": ["water eroding the land.", "meteors hitting Earth.", "repeated volcanic eruptions.", "the decay of organic material."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from\n1. water eroding the land.\n2. meteors hitting Earth.\n3. repeated volcanic eruptions.\n4. the decay of organic material.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from", "choices": {"text": ["water eroding the land.", "meteors hitting Earth.", "repeated volcanic eruptions.", "the decay of organic material."], "label": ["J", "T", "W", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from\nJ. water eroding the land.\nT. meteors hitting Earth.\nW. repeated volcanic eruptions.\nX. the decay of organic material.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from", "choices": {"text": ["the decay of organic material.", "water eroding the land.", "repeated volcanic eruptions.", "meteors hitting Earth."], "label": ["J", "T", "W", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal is a fossil fuel that is formed from\nJ. the decay of organic material.\nT. water eroding the land.\nW. repeated volcanic eruptions.\nX. meteors hitting Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3390}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_4_pg7", "question": "What do birds, bats and butterflies have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["feathers", "hair", "internal skeleton", "wings"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What do birds, bats and butterflies have in common?\nA. feathers\nB. hair\nC. internal skeleton\nD. wings\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What do birds, bats and butterflies have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["wings", "feathers", "internal skeleton", "hair"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What do birds, bats and butterflies have in common?\nA. wings\nB. feathers\nC. internal skeleton\nD. hair\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What do birds, bats and butterflies have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["feathers", "hair", "internal skeleton", "wings"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What do birds, bats and butterflies have in common?\n1. feathers\n2. hair\n3. internal skeleton\n4. wings\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What do birds, bats and butterflies have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["feathers", "hair", "internal skeleton", "wings"], "label": ["J", "S", "U", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What do birds, bats and butterflies have in common?\nJ. feathers\nS. hair\nU. internal skeleton\nF. wings\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What do birds, bats and butterflies have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["wings", "feathers", "internal skeleton", "hair"], "label": ["J", "S", "U", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What do birds, bats and butterflies have in common?\nJ. wings\nS. feathers\nU. internal skeleton\nF. hair\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3391}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7263515", "question": "Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?", "choices": {"text": ["diabetes", "leukemia", "pneumonia", "hemophilia"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?\nA. diabetes\nB. leukemia\nC. pneumonia\nD. hemophilia\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?", "choices": {"text": ["hemophilia", "pneumonia", "diabetes", "leukemia"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?\nA. hemophilia\nB. pneumonia\nC. diabetes\nD. leukemia\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?", "choices": {"text": ["diabetes", "leukemia", "pneumonia", "hemophilia"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?\n1. diabetes\n2. leukemia\n3. pneumonia\n4. hemophilia\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?", "choices": {"text": ["diabetes", "leukemia", "pneumonia", "hemophilia"], "label": ["N", "C", "Q", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?\nN. diabetes\nC. leukemia\nQ. pneumonia\nO. hemophilia\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?", "choices": {"text": ["hemophilia", "pneumonia", "diabetes", "leukemia"], "label": ["N", "C", "Q", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Changes at the molecular level can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. These changes cause unregulated cell division. Which disease is caused by this transformation?\nN. hemophilia\nC. pneumonia\nQ. diabetes\nO. leukemia\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3392}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7018463", "question": "Which characteristic of sound makes it possible for bats to fly in the dark without hitting any objects?", "choices": {"text": ["refraction", "reflection", "conduction", "amplification"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of sound makes it possible for bats to fly in the dark without hitting any objects?\nA. refraction\nB. reflection\nC. conduction\nD. amplification\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of sound makes it possible for bats to fly in the dark without hitting any objects?", "choices": {"text": ["reflection", "conduction", "refraction", "amplification"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of sound makes it possible for bats to fly in the dark without hitting any objects?\nA. reflection\nB. conduction\nC. refraction\nD. amplification\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of sound makes it possible for bats to fly in the dark without hitting any objects?", "choices": {"text": ["refraction", "reflection", "conduction", "amplification"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of sound makes it possible for bats to fly in the dark without hitting any objects?\n1. refraction\n2. reflection\n3. conduction\n4. amplification\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of sound makes it possible for bats to fly in the dark without hitting any objects?", "choices": {"text": ["refraction", "reflection", "conduction", "amplification"], "label": ["D", "L", "H", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of sound makes it possible for bats to fly in the dark without hitting any objects?\nD. refraction\nL. reflection\nH. conduction\nG. amplification\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of sound makes it possible for bats to fly in the dark without hitting any objects?", "choices": {"text": ["reflection", "conduction", "refraction", "amplification"], "label": ["D", "L", "H", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of sound makes it possible for bats to fly in the dark without hitting any objects?\nD. reflection\nL. conduction\nH. refraction\nG. amplification\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3393}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401833", "question": "Students went on a class field trip to Natural Bridge Caverns. They noticed rock formations in the cave called stalactites. Which of these processes caused the stalactites to form?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "pressure", "freezing", "deposition"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students went on a class field trip to Natural Bridge Caverns. They noticed rock formations in the cave called stalactites. Which of these processes caused the stalactites to form?\nA. heat\nB. pressure\nC. freezing\nD. deposition\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students went on a class field trip to Natural Bridge Caverns. They noticed rock formations in the cave called stalactites. Which of these processes caused the stalactites to form?", "choices": {"text": ["deposition", "pressure", "heat", "freezing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students went on a class field trip to Natural Bridge Caverns. They noticed rock formations in the cave called stalactites. Which of these processes caused the stalactites to form?\nA. deposition\nB. pressure\nC. heat\nD. freezing\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students went on a class field trip to Natural Bridge Caverns. They noticed rock formations in the cave called stalactites. Which of these processes caused the stalactites to form?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "pressure", "freezing", "deposition"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students went on a class field trip to Natural Bridge Caverns. They noticed rock formations in the cave called stalactites. Which of these processes caused the stalactites to form?\n1. heat\n2. pressure\n3. freezing\n4. deposition\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students went on a class field trip to Natural Bridge Caverns. They noticed rock formations in the cave called stalactites. Which of these processes caused the stalactites to form?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "pressure", "freezing", "deposition"], "label": ["S", "N", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students went on a class field trip to Natural Bridge Caverns. They noticed rock formations in the cave called stalactites. Which of these processes caused the stalactites to form?\nS. heat\nN. pressure\nI. freezing\nT. deposition\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students went on a class field trip to Natural Bridge Caverns. They noticed rock formations in the cave called stalactites. Which of these processes caused the stalactites to form?", "choices": {"text": ["deposition", "pressure", "heat", "freezing"], "label": ["S", "N", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students went on a class field trip to Natural Bridge Caverns. They noticed rock formations in the cave called stalactites. Which of these processes caused the stalactites to form?\nS. deposition\nN. pressure\nI. heat\nT. freezing\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3394}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_187460", "question": "A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to", "choices": {"text": ["increase the amount of current.", "reverse the current's direction.", "stop the current.", "accelerate the current."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to\nA. increase the amount of current.\nB. reverse the current's direction.\nC. stop the current.\nD. accelerate the current.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to", "choices": {"text": ["stop the current.", "increase the amount of current.", "reverse the current's direction.", "accelerate the current."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to\nA. stop the current.\nB. increase the amount of current.\nC. reverse the current's direction.\nD. accelerate the current.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to", "choices": {"text": ["increase the amount of current.", "reverse the current's direction.", "stop the current.", "accelerate the current."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to\n1. increase the amount of current.\n2. reverse the current's direction.\n3. stop the current.\n4. accelerate the current.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to", "choices": {"text": ["increase the amount of current.", "reverse the current's direction.", "stop the current.", "accelerate the current."], "label": ["P", "R", "S", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to\nP. increase the amount of current.\nR. reverse the current's direction.\nS. stop the current.\nL. accelerate the current.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to", "choices": {"text": ["stop the current.", "increase the amount of current.", "reverse the current's direction.", "accelerate the current."], "label": ["P", "R", "S", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A switch that can open or close an electric circuit can be used to\nP. stop the current.\nR. increase the amount of current.\nS. reverse the current's direction.\nL. accelerate the current.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3395}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409149", "question": "Jesus learned that a space probe named Voyager 1 was launched from Earth in 1977. It will take Voyager 1 more than 500 years to travel 1 light year. What is a light year used to measure in space?", "choices": {"text": ["distance", "energy", "force", "time"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jesus learned that a space probe named Voyager 1 was launched from Earth in 1977. It will take Voyager 1 more than 500 years to travel 1 light year. What is a light year used to measure in space?\nA. distance\nB. energy\nC. force\nD. time\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Jesus learned that a space probe named Voyager 1 was launched from Earth in 1977. It will take Voyager 1 more than 500 years to travel 1 light year. What is a light year used to measure in space?", "choices": {"text": ["energy", "time", "distance", "force"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jesus learned that a space probe named Voyager 1 was launched from Earth in 1977. It will take Voyager 1 more than 500 years to travel 1 light year. What is a light year used to measure in space?\nA. energy\nB. time\nC. distance\nD. force\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Jesus learned that a space probe named Voyager 1 was launched from Earth in 1977. It will take Voyager 1 more than 500 years to travel 1 light year. What is a light year used to measure in space?", "choices": {"text": ["distance", "energy", "force", "time"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jesus learned that a space probe named Voyager 1 was launched from Earth in 1977. It will take Voyager 1 more than 500 years to travel 1 light year. What is a light year used to measure in space?\n1. distance\n2. energy\n3. force\n4. time\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jesus learned that a space probe named Voyager 1 was launched from Earth in 1977. It will take Voyager 1 more than 500 years to travel 1 light year. What is a light year used to measure in space?", "choices": {"text": ["distance", "energy", "force", "time"], "label": ["O", "Z", "N", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jesus learned that a space probe named Voyager 1 was launched from Earth in 1977. It will take Voyager 1 more than 500 years to travel 1 light year. What is a light year used to measure in space?\nO. distance\nZ. energy\nN. force\nL. time\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jesus learned that a space probe named Voyager 1 was launched from Earth in 1977. It will take Voyager 1 more than 500 years to travel 1 light year. What is a light year used to measure in space?", "choices": {"text": ["energy", "time", "distance", "force"], "label": ["O", "Z", "N", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jesus learned that a space probe named Voyager 1 was launched from Earth in 1977. It will take Voyager 1 more than 500 years to travel 1 light year. What is a light year used to measure in space?\nO. energy\nZ. time\nN. distance\nL. force\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3396}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_417589", "question": "Scientists think that the rise in global temperature during the last one hundred years is due to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which question would best help scientists assess the claim that humans are responsible for the rising global temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["What is the mechanism by which carbon dioxide heats Earth?", "What is the source of most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?", "What is the source of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?", "What is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists think that the rise in global temperature during the last one hundred years is due to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which question would best help scientists assess the claim that humans are responsible for the rising global temperature?\nA. What is the mechanism by which carbon dioxide heats Earth?\nB. What is the source of most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nC. What is the source of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nD. What is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists think that the rise in global temperature during the last one hundred years is due to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which question would best help scientists assess the claim that humans are responsible for the rising global temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["What is the mechanism by which carbon dioxide heats Earth?", "What is the source of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?", "What is the source of most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?", "What is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists think that the rise in global temperature during the last one hundred years is due to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which question would best help scientists assess the claim that humans are responsible for the rising global temperature?\nA. What is the mechanism by which carbon dioxide heats Earth?\nB. What is the source of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nC. What is the source of most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nD. What is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists think that the rise in global temperature during the last one hundred years is due to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which question would best help scientists assess the claim that humans are responsible for the rising global temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["What is the mechanism by which carbon dioxide heats Earth?", "What is the source of most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?", "What is the source of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?", "What is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists think that the rise in global temperature during the last one hundred years is due to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which question would best help scientists assess the claim that humans are responsible for the rising global temperature?\n1. What is the mechanism by which carbon dioxide heats Earth?\n2. What is the source of most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\n3. What is the source of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\n4. What is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists think that the rise in global temperature during the last one hundred years is due to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which question would best help scientists assess the claim that humans are responsible for the rising global temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["What is the mechanism by which carbon dioxide heats Earth?", "What is the source of most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?", "What is the source of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?", "What is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?"], "label": ["B", "S", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists think that the rise in global temperature during the last one hundred years is due to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which question would best help scientists assess the claim that humans are responsible for the rising global temperature?\nB. What is the mechanism by which carbon dioxide heats Earth?\nS. What is the source of most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nO. What is the source of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nJ. What is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists think that the rise in global temperature during the last one hundred years is due to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which question would best help scientists assess the claim that humans are responsible for the rising global temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["What is the mechanism by which carbon dioxide heats Earth?", "What is the source of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?", "What is the source of most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?", "What is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?"], "label": ["B", "S", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists think that the rise in global temperature during the last one hundred years is due to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Which question would best help scientists assess the claim that humans are responsible for the rising global temperature?\nB. What is the mechanism by which carbon dioxide heats Earth?\nS. What is the source of the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nO. What is the source of most of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nJ. What is the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3397}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2011_5_14", "question": "Which structure controls what enters both plant cells and animal cells?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cell wall", "chloroplast", "cell membrane"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure controls what enters both plant cells and animal cells?\nA. nucleus\nB. cell wall\nC. chloroplast\nD. cell membrane\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure controls what enters both plant cells and animal cells?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cell membrane", "cell wall", "chloroplast"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure controls what enters both plant cells and animal cells?\nA. nucleus\nB. cell membrane\nC. cell wall\nD. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure controls what enters both plant cells and animal cells?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cell wall", "chloroplast", "cell membrane"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure controls what enters both plant cells and animal cells?\n1. nucleus\n2. cell wall\n3. chloroplast\n4. cell membrane\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure controls what enters both plant cells and animal cells?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cell wall", "chloroplast", "cell membrane"], "label": ["V", "C", "H", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure controls what enters both plant cells and animal cells?\nV. nucleus\nC. cell wall\nH. chloroplast\nB. cell membrane\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure controls what enters both plant cells and animal cells?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cell membrane", "cell wall", "chloroplast"], "label": ["V", "C", "H", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure controls what enters both plant cells and animal cells?\nV. nucleus\nC. cell membrane\nH. cell wall\nB. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3398}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400837", "question": "Appearance, texture, and density are classified as", "choices": {"text": ["physical properties.", "chemical properties.", "magnetic properties.", "thermal properties."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Appearance, texture, and density are classified as\nA. physical properties.\nB. chemical properties.\nC. magnetic properties.\nD. thermal properties.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Appearance, texture, and density are classified as", "choices": {"text": ["thermal properties.", "magnetic properties.", "physical properties.", "chemical properties."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Appearance, texture, and density are classified as\nA. thermal properties.\nB. magnetic properties.\nC. physical properties.\nD. chemical properties.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Appearance, texture, and density are classified as", "choices": {"text": ["physical properties.", "chemical properties.", "magnetic properties.", "thermal properties."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Appearance, texture, and density are classified as\n1. physical properties.\n2. chemical properties.\n3. magnetic properties.\n4. thermal properties.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Appearance, texture, and density are classified as", "choices": {"text": ["physical properties.", "chemical properties.", "magnetic properties.", "thermal properties."], "label": ["E", "Z", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Appearance, texture, and density are classified as\nE. physical properties.\nZ. chemical properties.\nA. magnetic properties.\nD. thermal properties.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Appearance, texture, and density are classified as", "choices": {"text": ["thermal properties.", "magnetic properties.", "physical properties.", "chemical properties."], "label": ["E", "Z", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Appearance, texture, and density are classified as\nE. thermal properties.\nZ. magnetic properties.\nA. physical properties.\nD. chemical properties.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3399}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405942", "question": "A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplast", "nucleus", "mitochondrion", "cytoplasm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?\nA. chloroplast\nB. nucleus\nC. mitochondrion\nD. cytoplasm\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "chloroplast", "nucleus", "cytoplasm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?\nA. mitochondrion\nB. chloroplast\nC. nucleus\nD. cytoplasm\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplast", "nucleus", "mitochondrion", "cytoplasm"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?\n1. chloroplast\n2. nucleus\n3. mitochondrion\n4. cytoplasm\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplast", "nucleus", "mitochondrion", "cytoplasm"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "B", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?\nQ. chloroplast\nZ. nucleus\nB. mitochondrion\nG. cytoplasm\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "chloroplast", "nucleus", "cytoplasm"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "B", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student compares a plant cell to an animal cell. Which structure will the student find ONLY in the plant cell?\nQ. mitochondrion\nZ. chloroplast\nB. nucleus\nG. cytoplasm\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3400}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7186935", "question": "One hot summer, a grassland experienced a drought. Which most likely happened in the ecosystem during this time?", "choices": {"text": ["The competition for food among primary consumers increased.", "Nutrients cycled through the system at a faster rate.", "Less solar radiation was able to enter the system.", "Secondary consumers became extinct."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One hot summer, a grassland experienced a drought. Which most likely happened in the ecosystem during this time?\nA. The competition for food among primary consumers increased.\nB. Nutrients cycled through the system at a faster rate.\nC. Less solar radiation was able to enter the system.\nD. Secondary consumers became extinct.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One hot summer, a grassland experienced a drought. Which most likely happened in the ecosystem during this time?", "choices": {"text": ["Less solar radiation was able to enter the system.", "The competition for food among primary consumers increased.", "Secondary consumers became extinct.", "Nutrients cycled through the system at a faster rate."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One hot summer, a grassland experienced a drought. Which most likely happened in the ecosystem during this time?\nA. Less solar radiation was able to enter the system.\nB. The competition for food among primary consumers increased.\nC. Secondary consumers became extinct.\nD. Nutrients cycled through the system at a faster rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One hot summer, a grassland experienced a drought. Which most likely happened in the ecosystem during this time?", "choices": {"text": ["The competition for food among primary consumers increased.", "Nutrients cycled through the system at a faster rate.", "Less solar radiation was able to enter the system.", "Secondary consumers became extinct."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One hot summer, a grassland experienced a drought. Which most likely happened in the ecosystem during this time?\n1. The competition for food among primary consumers increased.\n2. Nutrients cycled through the system at a faster rate.\n3. Less solar radiation was able to enter the system.\n4. Secondary consumers became extinct.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One hot summer, a grassland experienced a drought. Which most likely happened in the ecosystem during this time?", "choices": {"text": ["The competition for food among primary consumers increased.", "Nutrients cycled through the system at a faster rate.", "Less solar radiation was able to enter the system.", "Secondary consumers became extinct."], "label": ["B", "X", "P", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: One hot summer, a grassland experienced a drought. Which most likely happened in the ecosystem during this time?\nB. The competition for food among primary consumers increased.\nX. Nutrients cycled through the system at a faster rate.\nP. Less solar radiation was able to enter the system.\nQ. Secondary consumers became extinct.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One hot summer, a grassland experienced a drought. Which most likely happened in the ecosystem during this time?", "choices": {"text": ["Less solar radiation was able to enter the system.", "The competition for food among primary consumers increased.", "Secondary consumers became extinct.", "Nutrients cycled through the system at a faster rate."], "label": ["B", "X", "P", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: One hot summer, a grassland experienced a drought. Which most likely happened in the ecosystem during this time?\nB. Less solar radiation was able to enter the system.\nX. The competition for food among primary consumers increased.\nP. Secondary consumers became extinct.\nQ. Nutrients cycled through the system at a faster rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3401}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2011_8_13", "question": "The need for farmland in Brazil has led to the cutting of the rain forests in the Amazon. Cutting trees in the Amazon rain forest might have a global effect by", "choices": {"text": ["decreasing the amount of fresh water", "increasing the number of animal species", "decreasing the average yearly temperatures", "increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The need for farmland in Brazil has led to the cutting of the rain forests in the Amazon. Cutting trees in the Amazon rain forest might have a global effect by\nA. decreasing the amount of fresh water\nB. increasing the number of animal species\nC. decreasing the average yearly temperatures\nD. increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The need for farmland in Brazil has led to the cutting of the rain forests in the Amazon. Cutting trees in the Amazon rain forest might have a global effect by", "choices": {"text": ["increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere", "increasing the number of animal species", "decreasing the average yearly temperatures", "decreasing the amount of fresh water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The need for farmland in Brazil has led to the cutting of the rain forests in the Amazon. Cutting trees in the Amazon rain forest might have a global effect by\nA. increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere\nB. increasing the number of animal species\nC. decreasing the average yearly temperatures\nD. decreasing the amount of fresh water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The need for farmland in Brazil has led to the cutting of the rain forests in the Amazon. Cutting trees in the Amazon rain forest might have a global effect by", "choices": {"text": ["decreasing the amount of fresh water", "increasing the number of animal species", "decreasing the average yearly temperatures", "increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The need for farmland in Brazil has led to the cutting of the rain forests in the Amazon. Cutting trees in the Amazon rain forest might have a global effect by\n1. decreasing the amount of fresh water\n2. increasing the number of animal species\n3. decreasing the average yearly temperatures\n4. increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The need for farmland in Brazil has led to the cutting of the rain forests in the Amazon. Cutting trees in the Amazon rain forest might have a global effect by", "choices": {"text": ["decreasing the amount of fresh water", "increasing the number of animal species", "decreasing the average yearly temperatures", "increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere"], "label": ["Q", "W", "R", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The need for farmland in Brazil has led to the cutting of the rain forests in the Amazon. Cutting trees in the Amazon rain forest might have a global effect by\nQ. decreasing the amount of fresh water\nW. increasing the number of animal species\nR. decreasing the average yearly temperatures\nX. increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The need for farmland in Brazil has led to the cutting of the rain forests in the Amazon. Cutting trees in the Amazon rain forest might have a global effect by", "choices": {"text": ["increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere", "increasing the number of animal species", "decreasing the average yearly temperatures", "decreasing the amount of fresh water"], "label": ["Q", "W", "R", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The need for farmland in Brazil has led to the cutting of the rain forests in the Amazon. Cutting trees in the Amazon rain forest might have a global effect by\nQ. increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere\nW. increasing the number of animal species\nR. decreasing the average yearly temperatures\nX. decreasing the amount of fresh water\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3402}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7252263", "question": "Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and respiratory systems", "digestive and endocrine systems", "muscular and immune systems", "skeletal and cardiac systems"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?\nA. nervous and respiratory systems\nB. digestive and endocrine systems\nC. muscular and immune systems\nD. skeletal and cardiac systems\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and respiratory systems", "skeletal and cardiac systems", "muscular and immune systems", "digestive and endocrine systems"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?\nA. nervous and respiratory systems\nB. skeletal and cardiac systems\nC. muscular and immune systems\nD. digestive and endocrine systems\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and respiratory systems", "digestive and endocrine systems", "muscular and immune systems", "skeletal and cardiac systems"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?\n1. nervous and respiratory systems\n2. digestive and endocrine systems\n3. muscular and immune systems\n4. skeletal and cardiac systems\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and respiratory systems", "digestive and endocrine systems", "muscular and immune systems", "skeletal and cardiac systems"], "label": ["X", "L", "W", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?\nX. nervous and respiratory systems\nL. digestive and endocrine systems\nW. muscular and immune systems\nI. skeletal and cardiac systems\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and respiratory systems", "skeletal and cardiac systems", "muscular and immune systems", "digestive and endocrine systems"], "label": ["X", "L", "W", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two body systems maintain the level of glucose in the blood?\nX. nervous and respiratory systems\nL. skeletal and cardiac systems\nW. muscular and immune systems\nI. digestive and endocrine systems\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3403}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_45", "question": "A student writes in a laboratory notebook: I placed a piece of iron in a beaker of water and the iron sank to the bottom of the beaker. What the student wrote in the laboratory notebook is an example of a(n)", "choices": {"text": ["observation", "prediction", "inference", "hypothesis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student writes in a laboratory notebook: I placed a piece of iron in a beaker of water and the iron sank to the bottom of the beaker. What the student wrote in the laboratory notebook is an example of a(n)\nA. observation\nB. prediction\nC. inference\nD. hypothesis\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student writes in a laboratory notebook: I placed a piece of iron in a beaker of water and the iron sank to the bottom of the beaker. What the student wrote in the laboratory notebook is an example of a(n)", "choices": {"text": ["hypothesis", "observation", "prediction", "inference"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student writes in a laboratory notebook: I placed a piece of iron in a beaker of water and the iron sank to the bottom of the beaker. What the student wrote in the laboratory notebook is an example of a(n)\nA. hypothesis\nB. observation\nC. prediction\nD. inference\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student writes in a laboratory notebook: I placed a piece of iron in a beaker of water and the iron sank to the bottom of the beaker. What the student wrote in the laboratory notebook is an example of a(n)", "choices": {"text": ["observation", "prediction", "inference", "hypothesis"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student writes in a laboratory notebook: I placed a piece of iron in a beaker of water and the iron sank to the bottom of the beaker. What the student wrote in the laboratory notebook is an example of a(n)\n1. observation\n2. prediction\n3. inference\n4. hypothesis\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student writes in a laboratory notebook: I placed a piece of iron in a beaker of water and the iron sank to the bottom of the beaker. What the student wrote in the laboratory notebook is an example of a(n)", "choices": {"text": ["observation", "prediction", "inference", "hypothesis"], "label": ["R", "Q", "X", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student writes in a laboratory notebook: I placed a piece of iron in a beaker of water and the iron sank to the bottom of the beaker. What the student wrote in the laboratory notebook is an example of a(n)\nR. observation\nQ. prediction\nX. inference\nW. hypothesis\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student writes in a laboratory notebook: I placed a piece of iron in a beaker of water and the iron sank to the bottom of the beaker. What the student wrote in the laboratory notebook is an example of a(n)", "choices": {"text": ["hypothesis", "observation", "prediction", "inference"], "label": ["R", "Q", "X", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student writes in a laboratory notebook: I placed a piece of iron in a beaker of water and the iron sank to the bottom of the beaker. What the student wrote in the laboratory notebook is an example of a(n)\nR. hypothesis\nQ. observation\nX. prediction\nW. inference\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3404}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_412625", "question": "Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?", "choices": {"text": ["cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue", "cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system", "tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs", "tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?\nA. cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue\nB. cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system\nC. tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs\nD. tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?", "choices": {"text": ["cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system", "tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs", "tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs", "cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?\nA. cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system\nB. tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs\nC. tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs\nD. cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?", "choices": {"text": ["cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue", "cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system", "tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs", "tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?\n1. cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue\n2. cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system\n3. tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs\n4. tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?", "choices": {"text": ["cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue", "cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system", "tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs", "tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs"], "label": ["F", "M", "T", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?\nF. cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue\nM. cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system\nT. tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs\nC. tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?", "choices": {"text": ["cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system", "tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs", "tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs", "cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue"], "label": ["F", "M", "T", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which series correctly represents the levels of organization in an organism?\nF. cells -> tissue -> organs -> organ system\nM. tissue -> organ system -> cells -> organs\nT. tissue -> cells -> organ system -> organs\nC. cells -> organs -> organ system -> tissue\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3405}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406672", "question": "Which is a function of a seed?", "choices": {"text": ["forming fruit", "making pollen", "storing food for a new plant", "taking in water from the ground"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a function of a seed?\nA. forming fruit\nB. making pollen\nC. storing food for a new plant\nD. taking in water from the ground\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a function of a seed?", "choices": {"text": ["storing food for a new plant", "forming fruit", "taking in water from the ground", "making pollen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a function of a seed?\nA. storing food for a new plant\nB. forming fruit\nC. taking in water from the ground\nD. making pollen\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a function of a seed?", "choices": {"text": ["forming fruit", "making pollen", "storing food for a new plant", "taking in water from the ground"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a function of a seed?\n1. forming fruit\n2. making pollen\n3. storing food for a new plant\n4. taking in water from the ground\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a function of a seed?", "choices": {"text": ["forming fruit", "making pollen", "storing food for a new plant", "taking in water from the ground"], "label": ["X", "K", "N", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a function of a seed?\nX. forming fruit\nK. making pollen\nN. storing food for a new plant\nG. taking in water from the ground\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a function of a seed?", "choices": {"text": ["storing food for a new plant", "forming fruit", "taking in water from the ground", "making pollen"], "label": ["X", "K", "N", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a function of a seed?\nX. storing food for a new plant\nK. forming fruit\nN. taking in water from the ground\nG. making pollen\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3406}
{"arc_id": "TAKS_2009_8_12", "question": "Which process below uses carbon dioxide and the sun's radiant energy to produce chemical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Evaporation", "Photosynthesis", "Respiration", "Decomposition"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process below uses carbon dioxide and the sun's radiant energy to produce chemical energy?\nA. Evaporation\nB. Photosynthesis\nC. Respiration\nD. Decomposition\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process below uses carbon dioxide and the sun's radiant energy to produce chemical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Decomposition", "Respiration", "Photosynthesis", "Evaporation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process below uses carbon dioxide and the sun's radiant energy to produce chemical energy?\nA. Decomposition\nB. Respiration\nC. Photosynthesis\nD. Evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process below uses carbon dioxide and the sun's radiant energy to produce chemical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Evaporation", "Photosynthesis", "Respiration", "Decomposition"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process below uses carbon dioxide and the sun's radiant energy to produce chemical energy?\n1. Evaporation\n2. Photosynthesis\n3. Respiration\n4. Decomposition\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process below uses carbon dioxide and the sun's radiant energy to produce chemical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Evaporation", "Photosynthesis", "Respiration", "Decomposition"], "label": ["Q", "G", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process below uses carbon dioxide and the sun's radiant energy to produce chemical energy?\nQ. Evaporation\nG. Photosynthesis\nR. Respiration\nH. Decomposition\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process below uses carbon dioxide and the sun's radiant energy to produce chemical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Decomposition", "Respiration", "Photosynthesis", "Evaporation"], "label": ["Q", "G", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process below uses carbon dioxide and the sun's radiant energy to produce chemical energy?\nQ. Decomposition\nG. Respiration\nR. Photosynthesis\nH. Evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3407}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7270270", "question": "A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?", "choices": {"text": ["after a drought", "after a heat wave", "after a forest fire", "after a tornado"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?\nA. after a drought\nB. after a heat wave\nC. after a forest fire\nD. after a tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?", "choices": {"text": ["after a drought", "after a forest fire", "after a heat wave", "after a tornado"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?\nA. after a drought\nB. after a forest fire\nC. after a heat wave\nD. after a tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?", "choices": {"text": ["after a drought", "after a heat wave", "after a forest fire", "after a tornado"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?\n1. after a drought\n2. after a heat wave\n3. after a forest fire\n4. after a tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?", "choices": {"text": ["after a drought", "after a heat wave", "after a forest fire", "after a tornado"], "label": ["N", "M", "E", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?\nN. after a drought\nM. after a heat wave\nE. after a forest fire\nJ. after a tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?", "choices": {"text": ["after a drought", "after a forest fire", "after a heat wave", "after a tornado"], "label": ["N", "M", "E", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A serotinous cone is a seed enclosure that requires intense heat to open. When would a population of trees most benefit from having serotinous cones?\nN. after a drought\nM. after a forest fire\nE. after a heat wave\nJ. after a tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3408}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS11008", "question": "A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["conserving resources.", "consuming resources.", "recycling resources.", "replacing resources."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of\nA. conserving resources.\nB. consuming resources.\nC. recycling resources.\nD. replacing resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["replacing resources.", "conserving resources.", "consuming resources.", "recycling resources."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of\nA. replacing resources.\nB. conserving resources.\nC. consuming resources.\nD. recycling resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["conserving resources.", "consuming resources.", "recycling resources.", "replacing resources."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of\n1. conserving resources.\n2. consuming resources.\n3. recycling resources.\n4. replacing resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["conserving resources.", "consuming resources.", "recycling resources.", "replacing resources."], "label": ["U", "L", "V", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of\nU. conserving resources.\nL. consuming resources.\nV. recycling resources.\nS. replacing resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["replacing resources.", "conserving resources.", "consuming resources.", "recycling resources."], "label": ["U", "L", "V", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lumber company plants new trees where a forest once stood. This is an example of\nU. replacing resources.\nL. conserving resources.\nV. consuming resources.\nS. recycling resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3409}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_414087", "question": "Some pea plants always have peas with smooth skin. Other pea plants always have peas with wrinkled skin. How can a student best predict which kind of pea will grow from a seed that is planted?", "choices": {"text": ["by checking the amount of water in the soil", "by checking how often the pea plant receives sunlight", "by checking how much space the plant will have to grow", "by checking the type of peas growing on the parent plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some pea plants always have peas with smooth skin. Other pea plants always have peas with wrinkled skin. How can a student best predict which kind of pea will grow from a seed that is planted?\nA. by checking the amount of water in the soil\nB. by checking how often the pea plant receives sunlight\nC. by checking how much space the plant will have to grow\nD. by checking the type of peas growing on the parent plants\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some pea plants always have peas with smooth skin. Other pea plants always have peas with wrinkled skin. How can a student best predict which kind of pea will grow from a seed that is planted?", "choices": {"text": ["by checking how often the pea plant receives sunlight", "by checking how much space the plant will have to grow", "by checking the type of peas growing on the parent plants", "by checking the amount of water in the soil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some pea plants always have peas with smooth skin. Other pea plants always have peas with wrinkled skin. How can a student best predict which kind of pea will grow from a seed that is planted?\nA. by checking how often the pea plant receives sunlight\nB. by checking how much space the plant will have to grow\nC. by checking the type of peas growing on the parent plants\nD. by checking the amount of water in the soil\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some pea plants always have peas with smooth skin. Other pea plants always have peas with wrinkled skin. How can a student best predict which kind of pea will grow from a seed that is planted?", "choices": {"text": ["by checking the amount of water in the soil", "by checking how often the pea plant receives sunlight", "by checking how much space the plant will have to grow", "by checking the type of peas growing on the parent plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some pea plants always have peas with smooth skin. Other pea plants always have peas with wrinkled skin. How can a student best predict which kind of pea will grow from a seed that is planted?\n1. by checking the amount of water in the soil\n2. by checking how often the pea plant receives sunlight\n3. by checking how much space the plant will have to grow\n4. by checking the type of peas growing on the parent plants\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some pea plants always have peas with smooth skin. Other pea plants always have peas with wrinkled skin. How can a student best predict which kind of pea will grow from a seed that is planted?", "choices": {"text": ["by checking the amount of water in the soil", "by checking how often the pea plant receives sunlight", "by checking how much space the plant will have to grow", "by checking the type of peas growing on the parent plants"], "label": ["Q", "L", "T", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some pea plants always have peas with smooth skin. Other pea plants always have peas with wrinkled skin. How can a student best predict which kind of pea will grow from a seed that is planted?\nQ. by checking the amount of water in the soil\nL. by checking how often the pea plant receives sunlight\nT. by checking how much space the plant will have to grow\nR. by checking the type of peas growing on the parent plants\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some pea plants always have peas with smooth skin. Other pea plants always have peas with wrinkled skin. How can a student best predict which kind of pea will grow from a seed that is planted?", "choices": {"text": ["by checking how often the pea plant receives sunlight", "by checking how much space the plant will have to grow", "by checking the type of peas growing on the parent plants", "by checking the amount of water in the soil"], "label": ["Q", "L", "T", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some pea plants always have peas with smooth skin. Other pea plants always have peas with wrinkled skin. How can a student best predict which kind of pea will grow from a seed that is planted?\nQ. by checking how often the pea plant receives sunlight\nL. by checking how much space the plant will have to grow\nT. by checking the type of peas growing on the parent plants\nR. by checking the amount of water in the soil\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3410}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2016_5_8", "question": "How do plants affect their environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants clean the soil.", "Plants make sunlight brighter.", "Plants make food used by other organisms.", "Plants create water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do plants affect their environment?\nA. Plants clean the soil.\nB. Plants make sunlight brighter.\nC. Plants make food used by other organisms.\nD. Plants create water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How do plants affect their environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants make sunlight brighter.", "Plants make food used by other organisms.", "Plants clean the soil.", "Plants create water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do plants affect their environment?\nA. Plants make sunlight brighter.\nB. Plants make food used by other organisms.\nC. Plants clean the soil.\nD. Plants create water\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How do plants affect their environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants clean the soil.", "Plants make sunlight brighter.", "Plants make food used by other organisms.", "Plants create water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do plants affect their environment?\n1. Plants clean the soil.\n2. Plants make sunlight brighter.\n3. Plants make food used by other organisms.\n4. Plants create water\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do plants affect their environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants clean the soil.", "Plants make sunlight brighter.", "Plants make food used by other organisms.", "Plants create water"], "label": ["C", "V", "F", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do plants affect their environment?\nC. Plants clean the soil.\nV. Plants make sunlight brighter.\nF. Plants make food used by other organisms.\nY. Plants create water\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do plants affect their environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Plants make sunlight brighter.", "Plants make food used by other organisms.", "Plants clean the soil.", "Plants create water"], "label": ["C", "V", "F", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do plants affect their environment?\nC. Plants make sunlight brighter.\nV. Plants make food used by other organisms.\nF. Plants clean the soil.\nY. Plants create water\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3411}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2014_5_13", "question": "Which is an example of a physical property of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["The object bends without breaking.", "The object bubbles when put into an acid.", "The object burns when touched by a flame.", "The object gives off sparks when put into water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a physical property of an object?\nA. The object bends without breaking.\nB. The object bubbles when put into an acid.\nC. The object burns when touched by a flame.\nD. The object gives off sparks when put into water.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a physical property of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["The object burns when touched by a flame.", "The object bubbles when put into an acid.", "The object bends without breaking.", "The object gives off sparks when put into water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a physical property of an object?\nA. The object burns when touched by a flame.\nB. The object bubbles when put into an acid.\nC. The object bends without breaking.\nD. The object gives off sparks when put into water.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a physical property of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["The object bends without breaking.", "The object bubbles when put into an acid.", "The object burns when touched by a flame.", "The object gives off sparks when put into water."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a physical property of an object?\n1. The object bends without breaking.\n2. The object bubbles when put into an acid.\n3. The object burns when touched by a flame.\n4. The object gives off sparks when put into water.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a physical property of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["The object bends without breaking.", "The object bubbles when put into an acid.", "The object burns when touched by a flame.", "The object gives off sparks when put into water."], "label": ["V", "J", "Z", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a physical property of an object?\nV. The object bends without breaking.\nJ. The object bubbles when put into an acid.\nZ. The object burns when touched by a flame.\nF. The object gives off sparks when put into water.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of a physical property of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["The object burns when touched by a flame.", "The object bubbles when put into an acid.", "The object bends without breaking.", "The object gives off sparks when put into water."], "label": ["V", "J", "Z", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of a physical property of an object?\nV. The object burns when touched by a flame.\nJ. The object bubbles when put into an acid.\nZ. The object bends without breaking.\nF. The object gives off sparks when put into water.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3412}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2014_5_3", "question": "What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?", "choices": {"text": ["The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?\nA. The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.\nB. The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.\nC. The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.\nD. The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?", "choices": {"text": ["The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?\nA. The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.\nB. The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.\nC. The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.\nD. The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?", "choices": {"text": ["The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?\n1. The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.\n2. The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.\n3. The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.\n4. The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?", "choices": {"text": ["The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature."], "label": ["Q", "S", "U", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?\nQ. The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.\nS. The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.\nU. The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.\nM. The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?", "choices": {"text": ["The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature."], "label": ["Q", "S", "U", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?\nQ. The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy until both objects are the same temperature.\nS. The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.\nU. The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.\nM. The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy until both objects are the same temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3413}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401125", "question": "Newborn white-tailed deer have hundreds of spots on their coats which gradually disappear at three to four months of age. The spots on their coats make the newborns blend in with the environment through", "choices": {"text": ["mimicry.", "migration.", "hibernation.", "camouflage."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Newborn white-tailed deer have hundreds of spots on their coats which gradually disappear at three to four months of age. The spots on their coats make the newborns blend in with the environment through\nA. mimicry.\nB. migration.\nC. hibernation.\nD. camouflage.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Newborn white-tailed deer have hundreds of spots on their coats which gradually disappear at three to four months of age. The spots on their coats make the newborns blend in with the environment through", "choices": {"text": ["migration.", "camouflage.", "hibernation.", "mimicry."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Newborn white-tailed deer have hundreds of spots on their coats which gradually disappear at three to four months of age. The spots on their coats make the newborns blend in with the environment through\nA. migration.\nB. camouflage.\nC. hibernation.\nD. mimicry.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Newborn white-tailed deer have hundreds of spots on their coats which gradually disappear at three to four months of age. The spots on their coats make the newborns blend in with the environment through", "choices": {"text": ["mimicry.", "migration.", "hibernation.", "camouflage."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Newborn white-tailed deer have hundreds of spots on their coats which gradually disappear at three to four months of age. The spots on their coats make the newborns blend in with the environment through\n1. mimicry.\n2. migration.\n3. hibernation.\n4. camouflage.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Newborn white-tailed deer have hundreds of spots on their coats which gradually disappear at three to four months of age. The spots on their coats make the newborns blend in with the environment through", "choices": {"text": ["mimicry.", "migration.", "hibernation.", "camouflage."], "label": ["X", "B", "R", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Newborn white-tailed deer have hundreds of spots on their coats which gradually disappear at three to four months of age. The spots on their coats make the newborns blend in with the environment through\nX. mimicry.\nB. migration.\nR. hibernation.\nE. camouflage.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Newborn white-tailed deer have hundreds of spots on their coats which gradually disappear at three to four months of age. The spots on their coats make the newborns blend in with the environment through", "choices": {"text": ["migration.", "camouflage.", "hibernation.", "mimicry."], "label": ["X", "B", "R", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Newborn white-tailed deer have hundreds of spots on their coats which gradually disappear at three to four months of age. The spots on their coats make the newborns blend in with the environment through\nX. migration.\nB. camouflage.\nR. hibernation.\nE. mimicry.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3414}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7212625", "question": "What is the smallest particle of an element that still exhibits all the properties of that element?", "choices": {"text": ["an electron", "an atom", "a molecule", "a proton"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest particle of an element that still exhibits all the properties of that element?\nA. an electron\nB. an atom\nC. a molecule\nD. a proton\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest particle of an element that still exhibits all the properties of that element?", "choices": {"text": ["a molecule", "a proton", "an atom", "an electron"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest particle of an element that still exhibits all the properties of that element?\nA. a molecule\nB. a proton\nC. an atom\nD. an electron\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest particle of an element that still exhibits all the properties of that element?", "choices": {"text": ["an electron", "an atom", "a molecule", "a proton"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest particle of an element that still exhibits all the properties of that element?\n1. an electron\n2. an atom\n3. a molecule\n4. a proton\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest particle of an element that still exhibits all the properties of that element?", "choices": {"text": ["an electron", "an atom", "a molecule", "a proton"], "label": ["E", "T", "X", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest particle of an element that still exhibits all the properties of that element?\nE. an electron\nT. an atom\nX. a molecule\nF. a proton\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest particle of an element that still exhibits all the properties of that element?", "choices": {"text": ["a molecule", "a proton", "an atom", "an electron"], "label": ["E", "T", "X", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest particle of an element that still exhibits all the properties of that element?\nE. a molecule\nT. a proton\nX. an atom\nF. an electron\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3415}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7250285", "question": "A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?", "choices": {"text": ["gene flow", "natural selection", "genetic drift", "mutation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?\nA. gene flow\nB. natural selection\nC. genetic drift\nD. mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic drift", "natural selection", "mutation", "gene flow"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?\nA. genetic drift\nB. natural selection\nC. mutation\nD. gene flow\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?", "choices": {"text": ["gene flow", "natural selection", "genetic drift", "mutation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?\n1. gene flow\n2. natural selection\n3. genetic drift\n4. mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?", "choices": {"text": ["gene flow", "natural selection", "genetic drift", "mutation"], "label": ["L", "Z", "I", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?\nL. gene flow\nZ. natural selection\nI. genetic drift\nJ. mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic drift", "natural selection", "mutation", "gene flow"], "label": ["L", "Z", "I", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A population of tree-climbing lizard lives on one bank of a large river. The other bank of the river is a treeless prairie. During a flood, 40 lizards were transferred to the prairie side of the river. After 200 generations, this transferred population of lizard lost the ability to climb.Which mechanism is most likely responsible for this loss of function within the transferred population?\nL. genetic drift\nZ. natural selection\nI. mutation\nJ. gene flow\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3416}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_7", "question": "When a cup of water at room temperature is put in a freezer, the water's state of matter will change from", "choices": {"text": ["liquid to gas", "gas to liquid", "liquid to solid", "solid to liquid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a cup of water at room temperature is put in a freezer, the water's state of matter will change from\nA. liquid to gas\nB. gas to liquid\nC. liquid to solid\nD. solid to liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a cup of water at room temperature is put in a freezer, the water's state of matter will change from", "choices": {"text": ["liquid to solid", "liquid to gas", "gas to liquid", "solid to liquid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a cup of water at room temperature is put in a freezer, the water's state of matter will change from\nA. liquid to solid\nB. liquid to gas\nC. gas to liquid\nD. solid to liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a cup of water at room temperature is put in a freezer, the water's state of matter will change from", "choices": {"text": ["liquid to gas", "gas to liquid", "liquid to solid", "solid to liquid"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a cup of water at room temperature is put in a freezer, the water's state of matter will change from\n1. liquid to gas\n2. gas to liquid\n3. liquid to solid\n4. solid to liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a cup of water at room temperature is put in a freezer, the water's state of matter will change from", "choices": {"text": ["liquid to gas", "gas to liquid", "liquid to solid", "solid to liquid"], "label": ["Z", "J", "R", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a cup of water at room temperature is put in a freezer, the water's state of matter will change from\nZ. liquid to gas\nJ. gas to liquid\nR. liquid to solid\nV. solid to liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a cup of water at room temperature is put in a freezer, the water's state of matter will change from", "choices": {"text": ["liquid to solid", "liquid to gas", "gas to liquid", "solid to liquid"], "label": ["Z", "J", "R", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a cup of water at room temperature is put in a freezer, the water's state of matter will change from\nZ. liquid to solid\nJ. liquid to gas\nR. gas to liquid\nV. solid to liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3417}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7168718", "question": "The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational", "electrical", "magnetic", "friction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?\nA. gravitational\nB. electrical\nC. magnetic\nD. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "magnetic", "gravitational", "electrical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?\nA. friction\nB. magnetic\nC. gravitational\nD. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational", "electrical", "magnetic", "friction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?\n1. gravitational\n2. electrical\n3. magnetic\n4. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational", "electrical", "magnetic", "friction"], "label": ["O", "P", "H", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?\nO. gravitational\nP. electrical\nH. magnetic\nE. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "magnetic", "gravitational", "electrical"], "label": ["O", "P", "H", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: The weight of an object can change because of the force that acts on that object. Which force causes the weight of an object to change?\nO. friction\nP. magnetic\nH. gravitational\nE. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3418}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2012_8_36", "question": "Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?", "choices": {"text": ["to digest food", "to help in defense", "to eliminate waste", "to enable movement"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?\nA. to digest food\nB. to help in defense\nC. to eliminate waste\nD. to enable movement\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?", "choices": {"text": ["to enable movement", "to help in defense", "to digest food", "to eliminate waste"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?\nA. to enable movement\nB. to help in defense\nC. to digest food\nD. to eliminate waste\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?", "choices": {"text": ["to digest food", "to help in defense", "to eliminate waste", "to enable movement"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?\n1. to digest food\n2. to help in defense\n3. to eliminate waste\n4. to enable movement\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?", "choices": {"text": ["to digest food", "to help in defense", "to eliminate waste", "to enable movement"], "label": ["F", "N", "E", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?\nF. to digest food\nN. to help in defense\nE. to eliminate waste\nQ. to enable movement\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?", "choices": {"text": ["to enable movement", "to help in defense", "to digest food", "to eliminate waste"], "label": ["F", "N", "E", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. The human body is composed of different systems made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Each of these structures has a specific function that aids in the survival of the human species. What is the primary function of the excretory system?\nF. to enable movement\nN. to help in defense\nE. to digest food\nQ. to eliminate waste\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3419}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7044065", "question": "What is the MAJOR cause of acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["smelting ore", "evaporation of polluted water", "jet airplane exhaust high in the sky", "sulfur combining with water vapor in the atmosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the MAJOR cause of acid rain?\nA. smelting ore\nB. evaporation of polluted water\nC. jet airplane exhaust high in the sky\nD. sulfur combining with water vapor in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the MAJOR cause of acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation of polluted water", "smelting ore", "sulfur combining with water vapor in the atmosphere", "jet airplane exhaust high in the sky"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the MAJOR cause of acid rain?\nA. evaporation of polluted water\nB. smelting ore\nC. sulfur combining with water vapor in the atmosphere\nD. jet airplane exhaust high in the sky\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the MAJOR cause of acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["smelting ore", "evaporation of polluted water", "jet airplane exhaust high in the sky", "sulfur combining with water vapor in the atmosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the MAJOR cause of acid rain?\n1. smelting ore\n2. evaporation of polluted water\n3. jet airplane exhaust high in the sky\n4. sulfur combining with water vapor in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the MAJOR cause of acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["smelting ore", "evaporation of polluted water", "jet airplane exhaust high in the sky", "sulfur combining with water vapor in the atmosphere"], "label": ["A", "R", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the MAJOR cause of acid rain?\nA. smelting ore\nR. evaporation of polluted water\nB. jet airplane exhaust high in the sky\nM. sulfur combining with water vapor in the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the MAJOR cause of acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation of polluted water", "smelting ore", "sulfur combining with water vapor in the atmosphere", "jet airplane exhaust high in the sky"], "label": ["A", "R", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the MAJOR cause of acid rain?\nA. evaporation of polluted water\nR. smelting ore\nB. sulfur combining with water vapor in the atmosphere\nM. jet airplane exhaust high in the sky\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3420}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_410619", "question": "In 1921, Earl Dickson invented a bandage after he noticed his wife was unable to easily cover cuts on her hands. He covered the bandage with a chemical that sealed it so air would not enter the cut. How did solving this problem benefit others medically?", "choices": {"text": ["People relied on bandages more than doctors.", "The bandages cured cuts that were infected.", "The bandages helped keep cuts clean.", "People cut themselves less often."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 1921, Earl Dickson invented a bandage after he noticed his wife was unable to easily cover cuts on her hands. He covered the bandage with a chemical that sealed it so air would not enter the cut. How did solving this problem benefit others medically?\nA. People relied on bandages more than doctors.\nB. The bandages cured cuts that were infected.\nC. The bandages helped keep cuts clean.\nD. People cut themselves less often.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In 1921, Earl Dickson invented a bandage after he noticed his wife was unable to easily cover cuts on her hands. He covered the bandage with a chemical that sealed it so air would not enter the cut. How did solving this problem benefit others medically?", "choices": {"text": ["People cut themselves less often.", "The bandages helped keep cuts clean.", "People relied on bandages more than doctors.", "The bandages cured cuts that were infected."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 1921, Earl Dickson invented a bandage after he noticed his wife was unable to easily cover cuts on her hands. He covered the bandage with a chemical that sealed it so air would not enter the cut. How did solving this problem benefit others medically?\nA. People cut themselves less often.\nB. The bandages helped keep cuts clean.\nC. People relied on bandages more than doctors.\nD. The bandages cured cuts that were infected.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In 1921, Earl Dickson invented a bandage after he noticed his wife was unable to easily cover cuts on her hands. He covered the bandage with a chemical that sealed it so air would not enter the cut. How did solving this problem benefit others medically?", "choices": {"text": ["People relied on bandages more than doctors.", "The bandages cured cuts that were infected.", "The bandages helped keep cuts clean.", "People cut themselves less often."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 1921, Earl Dickson invented a bandage after he noticed his wife was unable to easily cover cuts on her hands. He covered the bandage with a chemical that sealed it so air would not enter the cut. How did solving this problem benefit others medically?\n1. People relied on bandages more than doctors.\n2. The bandages cured cuts that were infected.\n3. The bandages helped keep cuts clean.\n4. People cut themselves less often.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In 1921, Earl Dickson invented a bandage after he noticed his wife was unable to easily cover cuts on her hands. He covered the bandage with a chemical that sealed it so air would not enter the cut. How did solving this problem benefit others medically?", "choices": {"text": ["People relied on bandages more than doctors.", "The bandages cured cuts that were infected.", "The bandages helped keep cuts clean.", "People cut themselves less often."], "label": ["W", "U", "X", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 1921, Earl Dickson invented a bandage after he noticed his wife was unable to easily cover cuts on her hands. He covered the bandage with a chemical that sealed it so air would not enter the cut. How did solving this problem benefit others medically?\nW. People relied on bandages more than doctors.\nU. The bandages cured cuts that were infected.\nX. The bandages helped keep cuts clean.\nB. People cut themselves less often.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In 1921, Earl Dickson invented a bandage after he noticed his wife was unable to easily cover cuts on her hands. He covered the bandage with a chemical that sealed it so air would not enter the cut. How did solving this problem benefit others medically?", "choices": {"text": ["People cut themselves less often.", "The bandages helped keep cuts clean.", "People relied on bandages more than doctors.", "The bandages cured cuts that were infected."], "label": ["W", "U", "X", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 1921, Earl Dickson invented a bandage after he noticed his wife was unable to easily cover cuts on her hands. He covered the bandage with a chemical that sealed it so air would not enter the cut. How did solving this problem benefit others medically?\nW. People cut themselves less often.\nU. The bandages helped keep cuts clean.\nX. People relied on bandages more than doctors.\nB. The bandages cured cuts that were infected.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3421}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406026", "question": "Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?", "choices": {"text": ["amount of lightning", "distance from an ocean", "number of earthquakes", "shape of the shoreline"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?\nA. amount of lightning\nB. distance from an ocean\nC. number of earthquakes\nD. shape of the shoreline\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?", "choices": {"text": ["distance from an ocean", "shape of the shoreline", "amount of lightning", "number of earthquakes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?\nA. distance from an ocean\nB. shape of the shoreline\nC. amount of lightning\nD. number of earthquakes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?", "choices": {"text": ["amount of lightning", "distance from an ocean", "number of earthquakes", "shape of the shoreline"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?\n1. amount of lightning\n2. distance from an ocean\n3. number of earthquakes\n4. shape of the shoreline\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?", "choices": {"text": ["amount of lightning", "distance from an ocean", "number of earthquakes", "shape of the shoreline"], "label": ["L", "M", "W", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?\nL. amount of lightning\nM. distance from an ocean\nW. number of earthquakes\nO. shape of the shoreline\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?", "choices": {"text": ["distance from an ocean", "shape of the shoreline", "amount of lightning", "number of earthquakes"], "label": ["L", "M", "W", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a factor that most likely would affect the climate in a particular area?\nL. distance from an ocean\nM. shape of the shoreline\nW. amount of lightning\nO. number of earthquakes\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3422}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406024", "question": "Pond ecosystems depend on the water cycle to ensure the survival of the animals that live in or near the pond. If a drought reduces the water level, which population of animals would be most affected?", "choices": {"text": ["duck", "fish", "mouse", "snake"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pond ecosystems depend on the water cycle to ensure the survival of the animals that live in or near the pond. If a drought reduces the water level, which population of animals would be most affected?\nA. duck\nB. fish\nC. mouse\nD. snake\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Pond ecosystems depend on the water cycle to ensure the survival of the animals that live in or near the pond. If a drought reduces the water level, which population of animals would be most affected?", "choices": {"text": ["snake", "mouse", "duck", "fish"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pond ecosystems depend on the water cycle to ensure the survival of the animals that live in or near the pond. If a drought reduces the water level, which population of animals would be most affected?\nA. snake\nB. mouse\nC. duck\nD. fish\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Pond ecosystems depend on the water cycle to ensure the survival of the animals that live in or near the pond. If a drought reduces the water level, which population of animals would be most affected?", "choices": {"text": ["duck", "fish", "mouse", "snake"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pond ecosystems depend on the water cycle to ensure the survival of the animals that live in or near the pond. If a drought reduces the water level, which population of animals would be most affected?\n1. duck\n2. fish\n3. mouse\n4. snake\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Pond ecosystems depend on the water cycle to ensure the survival of the animals that live in or near the pond. If a drought reduces the water level, which population of animals would be most affected?", "choices": {"text": ["duck", "fish", "mouse", "snake"], "label": ["E", "O", "U", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pond ecosystems depend on the water cycle to ensure the survival of the animals that live in or near the pond. If a drought reduces the water level, which population of animals would be most affected?\nE. duck\nO. fish\nU. mouse\nI. snake\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Pond ecosystems depend on the water cycle to ensure the survival of the animals that live in or near the pond. If a drought reduces the water level, which population of animals would be most affected?", "choices": {"text": ["snake", "mouse", "duck", "fish"], "label": ["E", "O", "U", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pond ecosystems depend on the water cycle to ensure the survival of the animals that live in or near the pond. If a drought reduces the water level, which population of animals would be most affected?\nE. snake\nO. mouse\nU. duck\nI. fish\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3423}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_406773", "question": "Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?", "choices": {"text": ["They would die within hours.", "They would become endangered.", "They would need to migrate.", "They would grow at a slower rate."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?\nA. They would die within hours.\nB. They would become endangered.\nC. They would need to migrate.\nD. They would grow at a slower rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?", "choices": {"text": ["They would become endangered.", "They would grow at a slower rate.", "They would need to migrate.", "They would die within hours."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?\nA. They would become endangered.\nB. They would grow at a slower rate.\nC. They would need to migrate.\nD. They would die within hours.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?", "choices": {"text": ["They would die within hours.", "They would become endangered.", "They would need to migrate.", "They would grow at a slower rate."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?\n1. They would die within hours.\n2. They would become endangered.\n3. They would need to migrate.\n4. They would grow at a slower rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?", "choices": {"text": ["They would die within hours.", "They would become endangered.", "They would need to migrate.", "They would grow at a slower rate."], "label": ["S", "D", "A", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?\nS. They would die within hours.\nD. They would become endangered.\nA. They would need to migrate.\nR. They would grow at a slower rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?", "choices": {"text": ["They would become endangered.", "They would grow at a slower rate.", "They would need to migrate.", "They would die within hours."], "label": ["S", "D", "A", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some plants rely on hummingbirds for pollination. If a deadly disease infected the hummingbird population, what would most likely happen to the plants?\nS. They would become endangered.\nD. They would grow at a slower rate.\nA. They would need to migrate.\nR. They would die within hours.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3424}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400857", "question": "When salt is added to ice, the ice begins to melt because the salt", "choices": {"text": ["raises the freezing point.", "lowers the freezing point.", "raises the boiling point.", "lowers the boiling point."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When salt is added to ice, the ice begins to melt because the salt\nA. raises the freezing point.\nB. lowers the freezing point.\nC. raises the boiling point.\nD. lowers the boiling point.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When salt is added to ice, the ice begins to melt because the salt", "choices": {"text": ["lowers the freezing point.", "lowers the boiling point.", "raises the freezing point.", "raises the boiling point."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When salt is added to ice, the ice begins to melt because the salt\nA. lowers the freezing point.\nB. lowers the boiling point.\nC. raises the freezing point.\nD. raises the boiling point.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When salt is added to ice, the ice begins to melt because the salt", "choices": {"text": ["raises the freezing point.", "lowers the freezing point.", "raises the boiling point.", "lowers the boiling point."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When salt is added to ice, the ice begins to melt because the salt\n1. raises the freezing point.\n2. lowers the freezing point.\n3. raises the boiling point.\n4. lowers the boiling point.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When salt is added to ice, the ice begins to melt because the salt", "choices": {"text": ["raises the freezing point.", "lowers the freezing point.", "raises the boiling point.", "lowers the boiling point."], "label": ["J", "Y", "S", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When salt is added to ice, the ice begins to melt because the salt\nJ. raises the freezing point.\nY. lowers the freezing point.\nS. raises the boiling point.\nV. lowers the boiling point.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When salt is added to ice, the ice begins to melt because the salt", "choices": {"text": ["lowers the freezing point.", "lowers the boiling point.", "raises the freezing point.", "raises the boiling point."], "label": ["J", "Y", "S", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When salt is added to ice, the ice begins to melt because the salt\nJ. lowers the freezing point.\nY. lowers the boiling point.\nS. raises the freezing point.\nV. raises the boiling point.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3425}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2008_8_29", "question": "Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a growing leaf cell?", "choices": {"text": ["evolution", "adaptation", "sugar production", "sexual reproduction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a growing leaf cell?\nA. evolution\nB. adaptation\nC. sugar production\nD. sexual reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a growing leaf cell?", "choices": {"text": ["sugar production", "evolution", "sexual reproduction", "adaptation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a growing leaf cell?\nA. sugar production\nB. evolution\nC. sexual reproduction\nD. adaptation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a growing leaf cell?", "choices": {"text": ["evolution", "adaptation", "sugar production", "sexual reproduction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a growing leaf cell?\n1. evolution\n2. adaptation\n3. sugar production\n4. sexual reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a growing leaf cell?", "choices": {"text": ["evolution", "adaptation", "sugar production", "sexual reproduction"], "label": ["S", "Z", "C", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a growing leaf cell?\nS. evolution\nZ. adaptation\nC. sugar production\nT. sexual reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a growing leaf cell?", "choices": {"text": ["sugar production", "evolution", "sexual reproduction", "adaptation"], "label": ["S", "Z", "C", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Leaf cells are one type of tree cell. Which process occurs in a growing leaf cell?\nS. sugar production\nZ. evolution\nC. sexual reproduction\nT. adaptation\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3426}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407219", "question": "Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?", "choices": {"text": ["Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer", "Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer", "Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer", "Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?\nA. Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer\nB. Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer\nC. Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer\nD. Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?", "choices": {"text": ["Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer", "Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer", "Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer", "Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?\nA. Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer\nB. Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer\nC. Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer\nD. Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?", "choices": {"text": ["Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer", "Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer", "Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer", "Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?\n1. Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer\n2. Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer\n3. Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer\n4. Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?", "choices": {"text": ["Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer", "Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer", "Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer", "Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer"], "label": ["Y", "O", "R", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?\nY. Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer\nO. Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer\nR. Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer\nF. Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?", "choices": {"text": ["Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer", "Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer", "Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer", "Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer"], "label": ["Y", "O", "R", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which diagram correctly shows the flow of energy in a food chain?\nY. Producer -> Consumer -> Decomposer\nO. Consumer -> Producer -> Decomposer\nR. Decomposer -> Consumer -> Producer\nF. Producer -> Decomposer -> Consumer\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3427}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_8", "question": "Which form of energy is produced when paper is burned?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "magnetic", "electrical", "chemical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is produced when paper is burned?\nA. heat\nB. magnetic\nC. electrical\nD. chemical\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is produced when paper is burned?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "heat", "chemical", "magnetic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is produced when paper is burned?\nA. electrical\nB. heat\nC. chemical\nD. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is produced when paper is burned?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "magnetic", "electrical", "chemical"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is produced when paper is burned?\n1. heat\n2. magnetic\n3. electrical\n4. chemical\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is produced when paper is burned?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "magnetic", "electrical", "chemical"], "label": ["J", "G", "L", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is produced when paper is burned?\nJ. heat\nG. magnetic\nL. electrical\nO. chemical\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy is produced when paper is burned?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "heat", "chemical", "magnetic"], "label": ["J", "G", "L", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy is produced when paper is burned?\nJ. electrical\nG. heat\nL. chemical\nO. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3428}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7083405", "question": "A group of cells performing the same function in the body is called", "choices": {"text": ["a tissue.", "an organelle.", "an organism.", "a system."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of cells performing the same function in the body is called\nA. a tissue.\nB. an organelle.\nC. an organism.\nD. a system.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of cells performing the same function in the body is called", "choices": {"text": ["an organism.", "a system.", "a tissue.", "an organelle."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of cells performing the same function in the body is called\nA. an organism.\nB. a system.\nC. a tissue.\nD. an organelle.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of cells performing the same function in the body is called", "choices": {"text": ["a tissue.", "an organelle.", "an organism.", "a system."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of cells performing the same function in the body is called\n1. a tissue.\n2. an organelle.\n3. an organism.\n4. a system.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of cells performing the same function in the body is called", "choices": {"text": ["a tissue.", "an organelle.", "an organism.", "a system."], "label": ["N", "O", "L", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of cells performing the same function in the body is called\nN. a tissue.\nO. an organelle.\nL. an organism.\nV. a system.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of cells performing the same function in the body is called", "choices": {"text": ["an organism.", "a system.", "a tissue.", "an organelle."], "label": ["N", "O", "L", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of cells performing the same function in the body is called\nN. an organism.\nO. a system.\nL. a tissue.\nV. an organelle.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3429}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402079", "question": "Which material is a good conductor of heat?", "choices": {"text": ["plastic", "rubber", "glass", "copper"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which material is a good conductor of heat?\nA. plastic\nB. rubber\nC. glass\nD. copper\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which material is a good conductor of heat?", "choices": {"text": ["plastic", "copper", "glass", "rubber"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which material is a good conductor of heat?\nA. plastic\nB. copper\nC. glass\nD. rubber\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which material is a good conductor of heat?", "choices": {"text": ["plastic", "rubber", "glass", "copper"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which material is a good conductor of heat?\n1. plastic\n2. rubber\n3. glass\n4. copper\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which material is a good conductor of heat?", "choices": {"text": ["plastic", "rubber", "glass", "copper"], "label": ["E", "Y", "F", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which material is a good conductor of heat?\nE. plastic\nY. rubber\nF. glass\nS. copper\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which material is a good conductor of heat?", "choices": {"text": ["plastic", "copper", "glass", "rubber"], "label": ["E", "Y", "F", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which material is a good conductor of heat?\nE. plastic\nY. copper\nF. glass\nS. rubber\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3430}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2007_7_17", "question": "All living organisms have certain needs in order to stay alive. Which is most necessary for both plants and animals?", "choices": {"text": ["food", "water", "chlorophyll", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living organisms have certain needs in order to stay alive. Which is most necessary for both plants and animals?\nA. food\nB. water\nC. chlorophyll\nD. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All living organisms have certain needs in order to stay alive. Which is most necessary for both plants and animals?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "food", "carbon dioxide", "chlorophyll"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living organisms have certain needs in order to stay alive. Which is most necessary for both plants and animals?\nA. water\nB. food\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. chlorophyll\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All living organisms have certain needs in order to stay alive. Which is most necessary for both plants and animals?", "choices": {"text": ["food", "water", "chlorophyll", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living organisms have certain needs in order to stay alive. Which is most necessary for both plants and animals?\n1. food\n2. water\n3. chlorophyll\n4. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All living organisms have certain needs in order to stay alive. Which is most necessary for both plants and animals?", "choices": {"text": ["food", "water", "chlorophyll", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["Q", "F", "O", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living organisms have certain needs in order to stay alive. Which is most necessary for both plants and animals?\nQ. food\nF. water\nO. chlorophyll\nR. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All living organisms have certain needs in order to stay alive. Which is most necessary for both plants and animals?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "food", "carbon dioxide", "chlorophyll"], "label": ["Q", "F", "O", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living organisms have certain needs in order to stay alive. Which is most necessary for both plants and animals?\nQ. water\nF. food\nO. carbon dioxide\nR. chlorophyll\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3431}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7093013", "question": "Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the", "choices": {"text": ["lithosphere.", "biosphere.", "hydrosphere.", "atmosphere."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the\nA. lithosphere.\nB. biosphere.\nC. hydrosphere.\nD. atmosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the", "choices": {"text": ["atmosphere.", "hydrosphere.", "biosphere.", "lithosphere."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the\nA. atmosphere.\nB. hydrosphere.\nC. biosphere.\nD. lithosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the", "choices": {"text": ["lithosphere.", "biosphere.", "hydrosphere.", "atmosphere."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the\n1. lithosphere.\n2. biosphere.\n3. hydrosphere.\n4. atmosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the", "choices": {"text": ["lithosphere.", "biosphere.", "hydrosphere.", "atmosphere."], "label": ["A", "B", "H", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the\nA. lithosphere.\nB. biosphere.\nH. hydrosphere.\nS. atmosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the", "choices": {"text": ["atmosphere.", "hydrosphere.", "biosphere.", "lithosphere."], "label": ["A", "B", "H", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plant leaves have tiny pores. These pores help plants release water from their tissues into the\nA. atmosphere.\nB. hydrosphere.\nH. biosphere.\nS. lithosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3432}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg17", "question": "How can washing your hands help keep you from getting sick?", "choices": {"text": ["It washes away germs.", "It makes your hands look nice.", "It keeps your skin from drying out.", "It makes your hands warmer."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How can washing your hands help keep you from getting sick?\nA. It washes away germs.\nB. It makes your hands look nice.\nC. It keeps your skin from drying out.\nD. It makes your hands warmer.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How can washing your hands help keep you from getting sick?", "choices": {"text": ["It makes your hands look nice.", "It keeps your skin from drying out.", "It washes away germs.", "It makes your hands warmer."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How can washing your hands help keep you from getting sick?\nA. It makes your hands look nice.\nB. It keeps your skin from drying out.\nC. It washes away germs.\nD. It makes your hands warmer.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How can washing your hands help keep you from getting sick?", "choices": {"text": ["It washes away germs.", "It makes your hands look nice.", "It keeps your skin from drying out.", "It makes your hands warmer."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How can washing your hands help keep you from getting sick?\n1. It washes away germs.\n2. It makes your hands look nice.\n3. It keeps your skin from drying out.\n4. It makes your hands warmer.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How can washing your hands help keep you from getting sick?", "choices": {"text": ["It washes away germs.", "It makes your hands look nice.", "It keeps your skin from drying out.", "It makes your hands warmer."], "label": ["J", "L", "D", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: How can washing your hands help keep you from getting sick?\nJ. It washes away germs.\nL. It makes your hands look nice.\nD. It keeps your skin from drying out.\nY. It makes your hands warmer.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How can washing your hands help keep you from getting sick?", "choices": {"text": ["It makes your hands look nice.", "It keeps your skin from drying out.", "It washes away germs.", "It makes your hands warmer."], "label": ["J", "L", "D", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: How can washing your hands help keep you from getting sick?\nJ. It makes your hands look nice.\nL. It keeps your skin from drying out.\nD. It washes away germs.\nY. It makes your hands warmer.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3433}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416527", "question": "Which part of a plant makes sugar from carbon dioxide?", "choices": {"text": ["stem", "leaf", "root", "flower"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a plant makes sugar from carbon dioxide?\nA. stem\nB. leaf\nC. root\nD. flower\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a plant makes sugar from carbon dioxide?", "choices": {"text": ["leaf", "flower", "stem", "root"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a plant makes sugar from carbon dioxide?\nA. leaf\nB. flower\nC. stem\nD. root\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a plant makes sugar from carbon dioxide?", "choices": {"text": ["stem", "leaf", "root", "flower"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a plant makes sugar from carbon dioxide?\n1. stem\n2. leaf\n3. root\n4. flower\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a plant makes sugar from carbon dioxide?", "choices": {"text": ["stem", "leaf", "root", "flower"], "label": ["U", "I", "A", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a plant makes sugar from carbon dioxide?\nU. stem\nI. leaf\nA. root\nK. flower\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a plant makes sugar from carbon dioxide?", "choices": {"text": ["leaf", "flower", "stem", "root"], "label": ["U", "I", "A", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a plant makes sugar from carbon dioxide?\nU. leaf\nI. flower\nA. stem\nK. root\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3434}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_9_9", "question": "One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?", "choices": {"text": ["to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe", "to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces", "to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air", "to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?\nA. to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe\nB. to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces\nC. to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air\nD. to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?", "choices": {"text": ["to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air", "to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe", "to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard", "to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?\nA. to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air\nB. to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe\nC. to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard\nD. to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?", "choices": {"text": ["to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe", "to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces", "to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air", "to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?\n1. to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe\n2. to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces\n3. to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air\n4. to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?", "choices": {"text": ["to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe", "to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces", "to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air", "to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard"], "label": ["Y", "B", "D", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?\nY. to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe\nB. to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces\nD. to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air\nT. to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?", "choices": {"text": ["to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air", "to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe", "to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard", "to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces"], "label": ["Y", "B", "D", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: One method of heat distribution is a baseboard forced hot water system. A baseboard system carries hot water through a pipe that passes through many small, flat plates called fins. What is the purpose of these fins?\nY. to replace the heated air leaving the system with cold air\nB. to dissipate the heat of the hot water flowing through the pipe\nD. to prevent dust and other particles from entering the baseboard\nT. to prevent the baseboard from coming in contact with hot surfaces\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3435}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7161403", "question": "Aerogels are compounds formed by the drying of certain gels. Although the aerogel hardens into a solid material, the particles in the gel are much farther apart than those of most solids and particles are held together by strong bridges of covalently bonded atoms. Which of the following is a likely property of aerogels?", "choices": {"text": ["very low density", "high electrical conductivity", "very low melting point", "very flexible"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aerogels are compounds formed by the drying of certain gels. Although the aerogel hardens into a solid material, the particles in the gel are much farther apart than those of most solids and particles are held together by strong bridges of covalently bonded atoms. Which of the following is a likely property of aerogels?\nA. very low density\nB. high electrical conductivity\nC. very low melting point\nD. very flexible\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Aerogels are compounds formed by the drying of certain gels. Although the aerogel hardens into a solid material, the particles in the gel are much farther apart than those of most solids and particles are held together by strong bridges of covalently bonded atoms. Which of the following is a likely property of aerogels?", "choices": {"text": ["very flexible", "high electrical conductivity", "very low density", "very low melting point"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aerogels are compounds formed by the drying of certain gels. Although the aerogel hardens into a solid material, the particles in the gel are much farther apart than those of most solids and particles are held together by strong bridges of covalently bonded atoms. Which of the following is a likely property of aerogels?\nA. very flexible\nB. high electrical conductivity\nC. very low density\nD. very low melting point\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Aerogels are compounds formed by the drying of certain gels. Although the aerogel hardens into a solid material, the particles in the gel are much farther apart than those of most solids and particles are held together by strong bridges of covalently bonded atoms. Which of the following is a likely property of aerogels?", "choices": {"text": ["very low density", "high electrical conductivity", "very low melting point", "very flexible"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aerogels are compounds formed by the drying of certain gels. Although the aerogel hardens into a solid material, the particles in the gel are much farther apart than those of most solids and particles are held together by strong bridges of covalently bonded atoms. Which of the following is a likely property of aerogels?\n1. very low density\n2. high electrical conductivity\n3. very low melting point\n4. very flexible\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Aerogels are compounds formed by the drying of certain gels. Although the aerogel hardens into a solid material, the particles in the gel are much farther apart than those of most solids and particles are held together by strong bridges of covalently bonded atoms. Which of the following is a likely property of aerogels?", "choices": {"text": ["very low density", "high electrical conductivity", "very low melting point", "very flexible"], "label": ["T", "B", "G", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aerogels are compounds formed by the drying of certain gels. Although the aerogel hardens into a solid material, the particles in the gel are much farther apart than those of most solids and particles are held together by strong bridges of covalently bonded atoms. Which of the following is a likely property of aerogels?\nT. very low density\nB. high electrical conductivity\nG. very low melting point\nJ. very flexible\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Aerogels are compounds formed by the drying of certain gels. Although the aerogel hardens into a solid material, the particles in the gel are much farther apart than those of most solids and particles are held together by strong bridges of covalently bonded atoms. Which of the following is a likely property of aerogels?", "choices": {"text": ["very flexible", "high electrical conductivity", "very low density", "very low melting point"], "label": ["T", "B", "G", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aerogels are compounds formed by the drying of certain gels. Although the aerogel hardens into a solid material, the particles in the gel are much farther apart than those of most solids and particles are held together by strong bridges of covalently bonded atoms. Which of the following is a likely property of aerogels?\nT. very flexible\nB. high electrical conductivity\nG. very low density\nJ. very low melting point\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3436}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405062", "question": "What renewable energy source used to make electricity is thought to be always available?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "coal", "wind", "nuclear"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What renewable energy source used to make electricity is thought to be always available?\nA. oil\nB. coal\nC. wind\nD. nuclear\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What renewable energy source used to make electricity is thought to be always available?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "nuclear", "coal", "wind"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What renewable energy source used to make electricity is thought to be always available?\nA. oil\nB. nuclear\nC. coal\nD. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What renewable energy source used to make electricity is thought to be always available?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "coal", "wind", "nuclear"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What renewable energy source used to make electricity is thought to be always available?\n1. oil\n2. coal\n3. wind\n4. nuclear\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What renewable energy source used to make electricity is thought to be always available?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "coal", "wind", "nuclear"], "label": ["X", "V", "J", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: What renewable energy source used to make electricity is thought to be always available?\nX. oil\nV. coal\nJ. wind\nN. nuclear\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What renewable energy source used to make electricity is thought to be always available?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "nuclear", "coal", "wind"], "label": ["X", "V", "J", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: What renewable energy source used to make electricity is thought to be always available?\nX. oil\nV. nuclear\nJ. coal\nN. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3437}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7142748", "question": "When heat flows from a hot spot to a cooler spot, entropy increases. When heat is forced to flow from a cool spot to a warmer spot, entropy decreases. Marta is looking for something in her house that causes a decrease in entropy. Which of these should she choose?", "choices": {"text": ["an ice cube melting", "the refrigerator", "an egg frying", "the toaster"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When heat flows from a hot spot to a cooler spot, entropy increases. When heat is forced to flow from a cool spot to a warmer spot, entropy decreases. Marta is looking for something in her house that causes a decrease in entropy. Which of these should she choose?\nA. an ice cube melting\nB. the refrigerator\nC. an egg frying\nD. the toaster\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When heat flows from a hot spot to a cooler spot, entropy increases. When heat is forced to flow from a cool spot to a warmer spot, entropy decreases. Marta is looking for something in her house that causes a decrease in entropy. Which of these should she choose?", "choices": {"text": ["the toaster", "an egg frying", "an ice cube melting", "the refrigerator"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When heat flows from a hot spot to a cooler spot, entropy increases. When heat is forced to flow from a cool spot to a warmer spot, entropy decreases. Marta is looking for something in her house that causes a decrease in entropy. Which of these should she choose?\nA. the toaster\nB. an egg frying\nC. an ice cube melting\nD. the refrigerator\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When heat flows from a hot spot to a cooler spot, entropy increases. When heat is forced to flow from a cool spot to a warmer spot, entropy decreases. Marta is looking for something in her house that causes a decrease in entropy. Which of these should she choose?", "choices": {"text": ["an ice cube melting", "the refrigerator", "an egg frying", "the toaster"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When heat flows from a hot spot to a cooler spot, entropy increases. When heat is forced to flow from a cool spot to a warmer spot, entropy decreases. Marta is looking for something in her house that causes a decrease in entropy. Which of these should she choose?\n1. an ice cube melting\n2. the refrigerator\n3. an egg frying\n4. the toaster\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When heat flows from a hot spot to a cooler spot, entropy increases. When heat is forced to flow from a cool spot to a warmer spot, entropy decreases. Marta is looking for something in her house that causes a decrease in entropy. Which of these should she choose?", "choices": {"text": ["an ice cube melting", "the refrigerator", "an egg frying", "the toaster"], "label": ["G", "M", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When heat flows from a hot spot to a cooler spot, entropy increases. When heat is forced to flow from a cool spot to a warmer spot, entropy decreases. Marta is looking for something in her house that causes a decrease in entropy. Which of these should she choose?\nG. an ice cube melting\nM. the refrigerator\nE. an egg frying\nV. the toaster\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When heat flows from a hot spot to a cooler spot, entropy increases. When heat is forced to flow from a cool spot to a warmer spot, entropy decreases. Marta is looking for something in her house that causes a decrease in entropy. Which of these should she choose?", "choices": {"text": ["the toaster", "an egg frying", "an ice cube melting", "the refrigerator"], "label": ["G", "M", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: When heat flows from a hot spot to a cooler spot, entropy increases. When heat is forced to flow from a cool spot to a warmer spot, entropy decreases. Marta is looking for something in her house that causes a decrease in entropy. Which of these should she choose?\nG. the toaster\nM. an egg frying\nE. an ice cube melting\nV. the refrigerator\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3438}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7024675", "question": "Which of the following is influenced by both genetics and behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["eye color", "hair texture", "blood type", "body weight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is influenced by both genetics and behavior?\nA. eye color\nB. hair texture\nC. blood type\nD. body weight\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is influenced by both genetics and behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["eye color", "body weight", "blood type", "hair texture"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is influenced by both genetics and behavior?\nA. eye color\nB. body weight\nC. blood type\nD. hair texture\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is influenced by both genetics and behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["eye color", "hair texture", "blood type", "body weight"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is influenced by both genetics and behavior?\n1. eye color\n2. hair texture\n3. blood type\n4. body weight\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is influenced by both genetics and behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["eye color", "hair texture", "blood type", "body weight"], "label": ["X", "P", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is influenced by both genetics and behavior?\nX. eye color\nP. hair texture\nQ. blood type\nZ. body weight\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is influenced by both genetics and behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["eye color", "body weight", "blood type", "hair texture"], "label": ["X", "P", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is influenced by both genetics and behavior?\nX. eye color\nP. body weight\nQ. blood type\nZ. hair texture\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3439}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7267575", "question": "Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a landslide", "a tornado", "a tsunami", "an earthquake"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?\nA. a landslide\nB. a tornado\nC. a tsunami\nD. an earthquake\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a tornado", "a tsunami", "a landslide", "an earthquake"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?\nA. a tornado\nB. a tsunami\nC. a landslide\nD. an earthquake\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a landslide", "a tornado", "a tsunami", "an earthquake"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?\n1. a landslide\n2. a tornado\n3. a tsunami\n4. an earthquake\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a landslide", "a tornado", "a tsunami", "an earthquake"], "label": ["L", "C", "S", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?\nL. a landslide\nC. a tornado\nS. a tsunami\nT. an earthquake\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a tornado", "a tsunami", "a landslide", "an earthquake"], "label": ["L", "C", "S", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following natural disasters is likely to cause the most widespread damage in a coastal ecosystem?\nL. a tornado\nC. a tsunami\nS. a landslide\nT. an earthquake\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3440}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7170905", "question": "One function of the circulatory system is to carry cellular nutrients to the body. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for exchanging nutrients and wastes?", "choices": {"text": ["arteries", "capillaries", "heart", "veins"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One function of the circulatory system is to carry cellular nutrients to the body. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for exchanging nutrients and wastes?\nA. arteries\nB. capillaries\nC. heart\nD. veins\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One function of the circulatory system is to carry cellular nutrients to the body. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for exchanging nutrients and wastes?", "choices": {"text": ["arteries", "veins", "heart", "capillaries"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One function of the circulatory system is to carry cellular nutrients to the body. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for exchanging nutrients and wastes?\nA. arteries\nB. veins\nC. heart\nD. capillaries\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One function of the circulatory system is to carry cellular nutrients to the body. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for exchanging nutrients and wastes?", "choices": {"text": ["arteries", "capillaries", "heart", "veins"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One function of the circulatory system is to carry cellular nutrients to the body. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for exchanging nutrients and wastes?\n1. arteries\n2. capillaries\n3. heart\n4. veins\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One function of the circulatory system is to carry cellular nutrients to the body. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for exchanging nutrients and wastes?", "choices": {"text": ["arteries", "capillaries", "heart", "veins"], "label": ["F", "P", "Q", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: One function of the circulatory system is to carry cellular nutrients to the body. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for exchanging nutrients and wastes?\nF. arteries\nP. capillaries\nQ. heart\nE. veins\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One function of the circulatory system is to carry cellular nutrients to the body. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for exchanging nutrients and wastes?", "choices": {"text": ["arteries", "veins", "heart", "capillaries"], "label": ["F", "P", "Q", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: One function of the circulatory system is to carry cellular nutrients to the body. Which part of the circulatory system is responsible for exchanging nutrients and wastes?\nF. arteries\nP. veins\nQ. heart\nE. capillaries\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3441}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400158", "question": "How does sedimentary rock form?", "choices": {"text": ["sediments cool", "sediments melt", "sediments separate", "sediments compress"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does sedimentary rock form?\nA. sediments cool\nB. sediments melt\nC. sediments separate\nD. sediments compress\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How does sedimentary rock form?", "choices": {"text": ["sediments melt", "sediments compress", "sediments cool", "sediments separate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does sedimentary rock form?\nA. sediments melt\nB. sediments compress\nC. sediments cool\nD. sediments separate\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How does sedimentary rock form?", "choices": {"text": ["sediments cool", "sediments melt", "sediments separate", "sediments compress"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does sedimentary rock form?\n1. sediments cool\n2. sediments melt\n3. sediments separate\n4. sediments compress\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How does sedimentary rock form?", "choices": {"text": ["sediments cool", "sediments melt", "sediments separate", "sediments compress"], "label": ["L", "D", "I", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does sedimentary rock form?\nL. sediments cool\nD. sediments melt\nI. sediments separate\nC. sediments compress\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How does sedimentary rock form?", "choices": {"text": ["sediments melt", "sediments compress", "sediments cool", "sediments separate"], "label": ["L", "D", "I", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does sedimentary rock form?\nL. sediments melt\nD. sediments compress\nI. sediments cool\nC. sediments separate\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3442}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_5_11", "question": "Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?", "choices": {"text": ["to insulate the electrical wire", "to keep the electrical wire warm", "to make the electrical wire stronger", "to make the electrical wire more flexible"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?\nA. to insulate the electrical wire\nB. to keep the electrical wire warm\nC. to make the electrical wire stronger\nD. to make the electrical wire more flexible\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?", "choices": {"text": ["to make the electrical wire stronger", "to insulate the electrical wire", "to make the electrical wire more flexible", "to keep the electrical wire warm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?\nA. to make the electrical wire stronger\nB. to insulate the electrical wire\nC. to make the electrical wire more flexible\nD. to keep the electrical wire warm\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?", "choices": {"text": ["to insulate the electrical wire", "to keep the electrical wire warm", "to make the electrical wire stronger", "to make the electrical wire more flexible"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?\n1. to insulate the electrical wire\n2. to keep the electrical wire warm\n3. to make the electrical wire stronger\n4. to make the electrical wire more flexible\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?", "choices": {"text": ["to insulate the electrical wire", "to keep the electrical wire warm", "to make the electrical wire stronger", "to make the electrical wire more flexible"], "label": ["R", "S", "O", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?\nR. to insulate the electrical wire\nS. to keep the electrical wire warm\nO. to make the electrical wire stronger\nB. to make the electrical wire more flexible\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?", "choices": {"text": ["to make the electrical wire stronger", "to insulate the electrical wire", "to make the electrical wire more flexible", "to keep the electrical wire warm"], "label": ["R", "S", "O", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best explains why electrical wires are usually covered with plastic or rubber?\nR. to make the electrical wire stronger\nS. to insulate the electrical wire\nO. to make the electrical wire more flexible\nB. to keep the electrical wire warm\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3443}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400595", "question": "The Moon revolves around Earth about once every", "choices": {"text": ["day.", "year.", "week.", "month."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Moon revolves around Earth about once every\nA. day.\nB. year.\nC. week.\nD. month.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Moon revolves around Earth about once every", "choices": {"text": ["month.", "year.", "week.", "day."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Moon revolves around Earth about once every\nA. month.\nB. year.\nC. week.\nD. day.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Moon revolves around Earth about once every", "choices": {"text": ["day.", "year.", "week.", "month."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Moon revolves around Earth about once every\n1. day.\n2. year.\n3. week.\n4. month.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Moon revolves around Earth about once every", "choices": {"text": ["day.", "year.", "week.", "month."], "label": ["T", "M", "N", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Moon revolves around Earth about once every\nT. day.\nM. year.\nN. week.\nQ. month.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Moon revolves around Earth about once every", "choices": {"text": ["month.", "year.", "week.", "day."], "label": ["T", "M", "N", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Moon revolves around Earth about once every\nT. month.\nM. year.\nN. week.\nQ. day.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3444}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_4_pg58", "question": "Calcium is a mineral that helps make your bones and teeth strong. Which of these foods is the best source of calcium?", "choices": {"text": ["candy", "rice", "cheese", "meat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Calcium is a mineral that helps make your bones and teeth strong. Which of these foods is the best source of calcium?\nA. candy\nB. rice\nC. cheese\nD. meat\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Calcium is a mineral that helps make your bones and teeth strong. Which of these foods is the best source of calcium?", "choices": {"text": ["rice", "meat", "candy", "cheese"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Calcium is a mineral that helps make your bones and teeth strong. Which of these foods is the best source of calcium?\nA. rice\nB. meat\nC. candy\nD. cheese\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Calcium is a mineral that helps make your bones and teeth strong. Which of these foods is the best source of calcium?", "choices": {"text": ["candy", "rice", "cheese", "meat"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Calcium is a mineral that helps make your bones and teeth strong. Which of these foods is the best source of calcium?\n1. candy\n2. rice\n3. cheese\n4. meat\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Calcium is a mineral that helps make your bones and teeth strong. Which of these foods is the best source of calcium?", "choices": {"text": ["candy", "rice", "cheese", "meat"], "label": ["F", "J", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Calcium is a mineral that helps make your bones and teeth strong. Which of these foods is the best source of calcium?\nF. candy\nJ. rice\nK. cheese\nO. meat\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Calcium is a mineral that helps make your bones and teeth strong. Which of these foods is the best source of calcium?", "choices": {"text": ["rice", "meat", "candy", "cheese"], "label": ["F", "J", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Calcium is a mineral that helps make your bones and teeth strong. Which of these foods is the best source of calcium?\nF. rice\nJ. meat\nK. candy\nO. cheese\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3445}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7245578", "question": "According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?", "choices": {"text": ["the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell", "the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?\nA. the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell\nB. the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell\nC. the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell\nD. the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?", "choices": {"text": ["the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell", "the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?\nA. the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell\nB. the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell\nC. the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell\nD. the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?", "choices": {"text": ["the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell", "the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?\n1. the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell\n2. the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell\n3. the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell\n4. the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?", "choices": {"text": ["the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell", "the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell"], "label": ["U", "B", "Y", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?\nU. the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell\nB. the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell\nY. the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell\nH. the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?", "choices": {"text": ["the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell", "the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell"], "label": ["U", "B", "Y", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?\nU. the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell\nB. the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell\nY. the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell\nH. the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3446}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7217280", "question": "Students performing a scientific investigation are most likely trying to", "choices": {"text": ["produce a new theory.", "disprove a hypothesis.", "reject a conclusion.", "answer a question."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students performing a scientific investigation are most likely trying to\nA. produce a new theory.\nB. disprove a hypothesis.\nC. reject a conclusion.\nD. answer a question.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students performing a scientific investigation are most likely trying to", "choices": {"text": ["disprove a hypothesis.", "reject a conclusion.", "answer a question.", "produce a new theory."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students performing a scientific investigation are most likely trying to\nA. disprove a hypothesis.\nB. reject a conclusion.\nC. answer a question.\nD. produce a new theory.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students performing a scientific investigation are most likely trying to", "choices": {"text": ["produce a new theory.", "disprove a hypothesis.", "reject a conclusion.", "answer a question."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students performing a scientific investigation are most likely trying to\n1. produce a new theory.\n2. disprove a hypothesis.\n3. reject a conclusion.\n4. answer a question.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students performing a scientific investigation are most likely trying to", "choices": {"text": ["produce a new theory.", "disprove a hypothesis.", "reject a conclusion.", "answer a question."], "label": ["S", "N", "E", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students performing a scientific investigation are most likely trying to\nS. produce a new theory.\nN. disprove a hypothesis.\nE. reject a conclusion.\nD. answer a question.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students performing a scientific investigation are most likely trying to", "choices": {"text": ["disprove a hypothesis.", "reject a conclusion.", "answer a question.", "produce a new theory."], "label": ["S", "N", "E", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students performing a scientific investigation are most likely trying to\nS. disprove a hypothesis.\nN. reject a conclusion.\nE. answer a question.\nD. produce a new theory.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3447}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405951", "question": "Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?", "choices": {"text": ["Bones provide protection for organs in the body.", "Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.", "Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.", "Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?\nA. Bones provide protection for organs in the body.\nB. Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.\nC. Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.\nD. Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?", "choices": {"text": ["Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.", "Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.", "Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord.", "Bones provide protection for organs in the body."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?\nA. Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.\nB. Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.\nC. Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord.\nD. Bones provide protection for organs in the body.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?", "choices": {"text": ["Bones provide protection for organs in the body.", "Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.", "Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.", "Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?\n1. Bones provide protection for organs in the body.\n2. Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.\n3. Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.\n4. Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?", "choices": {"text": ["Bones provide protection for organs in the body.", "Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.", "Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.", "Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord."], "label": ["J", "X", "P", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?\nJ. Bones provide protection for organs in the body.\nX. Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.\nP. Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.\nQ. Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?", "choices": {"text": ["Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.", "Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.", "Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord.", "Bones provide protection for organs in the body."], "label": ["J", "X", "P", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes a function of bones in mammals such as dogs and horses?\nJ. Bones carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.\nX. Bones send messages to the brain to move the muscles.\nP. Bones connect the brain and the spinal cord.\nQ. Bones provide protection for organs in the body.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3448}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7017920", "question": "To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?", "choices": {"text": ["vertically", "diagonally", "horizontally", "circularly"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?\nA. vertically\nB. diagonally\nC. horizontally\nD. circularly\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?", "choices": {"text": ["circularly", "diagonally", "vertically", "horizontally"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?\nA. circularly\nB. diagonally\nC. vertically\nD. horizontally\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?", "choices": {"text": ["vertically", "diagonally", "horizontally", "circularly"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?\n1. vertically\n2. diagonally\n3. horizontally\n4. circularly\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?", "choices": {"text": ["vertically", "diagonally", "horizontally", "circularly"], "label": ["E", "D", "R", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?\nE. vertically\nD. diagonally\nR. horizontally\nF. circularly\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?", "choices": {"text": ["circularly", "diagonally", "vertically", "horizontally"], "label": ["E", "D", "R", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: To a person standing motionless on the Earth's surface on a day with no wind, in which direction would the rain appear to fall?\nE. circularly\nD. diagonally\nR. vertically\nF. horizontally\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3449}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415005", "question": "Which two things interact most in the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans and the Moon", "oceans and the Sun", "lakes and the Moon", "lakes and the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two things interact most in the water cycle?\nA. oceans and the Moon\nB. oceans and the Sun\nC. lakes and the Moon\nD. lakes and the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two things interact most in the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans and the Sun", "oceans and the Moon", "lakes and the Moon", "lakes and the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two things interact most in the water cycle?\nA. oceans and the Sun\nB. oceans and the Moon\nC. lakes and the Moon\nD. lakes and the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two things interact most in the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans and the Moon", "oceans and the Sun", "lakes and the Moon", "lakes and the Sun"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two things interact most in the water cycle?\n1. oceans and the Moon\n2. oceans and the Sun\n3. lakes and the Moon\n4. lakes and the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two things interact most in the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans and the Moon", "oceans and the Sun", "lakes and the Moon", "lakes and the Sun"], "label": ["N", "D", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two things interact most in the water cycle?\nN. oceans and the Moon\nD. oceans and the Sun\nU. lakes and the Moon\nJ. lakes and the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two things interact most in the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans and the Sun", "oceans and the Moon", "lakes and the Moon", "lakes and the Sun"], "label": ["N", "D", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two things interact most in the water cycle?\nN. oceans and the Sun\nD. oceans and the Moon\nU. lakes and the Moon\nJ. lakes and the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3450}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2013_5_16", "question": "Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?", "choices": {"text": ["a polar bear that has dark-colored fur", "a deer with long legs", "a rabbit that can run fast", "a hummingbird with a long beak"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?\nA. a polar bear that has dark-colored fur\nB. a deer with long legs\nC. a rabbit that can run fast\nD. a hummingbird with a long beak\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?", "choices": {"text": ["a rabbit that can run fast", "a deer with long legs", "a polar bear that has dark-colored fur", "a hummingbird with a long beak"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?\nA. a rabbit that can run fast\nB. a deer with long legs\nC. a polar bear that has dark-colored fur\nD. a hummingbird with a long beak\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?", "choices": {"text": ["a polar bear that has dark-colored fur", "a deer with long legs", "a rabbit that can run fast", "a hummingbird with a long beak"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?\n1. a polar bear that has dark-colored fur\n2. a deer with long legs\n3. a rabbit that can run fast\n4. a hummingbird with a long beak\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?", "choices": {"text": ["a polar bear that has dark-colored fur", "a deer with long legs", "a rabbit that can run fast", "a hummingbird with a long beak"], "label": ["Z", "P", "Q", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?\nZ. a polar bear that has dark-colored fur\nP. a deer with long legs\nQ. a rabbit that can run fast\nG. a hummingbird with a long beak\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?", "choices": {"text": ["a rabbit that can run fast", "a deer with long legs", "a polar bear that has dark-colored fur", "a hummingbird with a long beak"], "label": ["Z", "P", "Q", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some animals have advantages and disadvantages because they are different. Which of the following has a disadvantage compared to other animals in its population?\nZ. a rabbit that can run fast\nP. a deer with long legs\nQ. a polar bear that has dark-colored fur\nG. a hummingbird with a long beak\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3451}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401155", "question": "Which is a characteristic of both plants and animals?", "choices": {"text": ["life cycles", "learned behaviors", "produce their own food", "reproduce using seeds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a characteristic of both plants and animals?\nA. life cycles\nB. learned behaviors\nC. produce their own food\nD. reproduce using seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a characteristic of both plants and animals?", "choices": {"text": ["reproduce using seeds", "life cycles", "produce their own food", "learned behaviors"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a characteristic of both plants and animals?\nA. reproduce using seeds\nB. life cycles\nC. produce their own food\nD. learned behaviors\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a characteristic of both plants and animals?", "choices": {"text": ["life cycles", "learned behaviors", "produce their own food", "reproduce using seeds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a characteristic of both plants and animals?\n1. life cycles\n2. learned behaviors\n3. produce their own food\n4. reproduce using seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a characteristic of both plants and animals?", "choices": {"text": ["life cycles", "learned behaviors", "produce their own food", "reproduce using seeds"], "label": ["P", "N", "A", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a characteristic of both plants and animals?\nP. life cycles\nN. learned behaviors\nA. produce their own food\nC. reproduce using seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a characteristic of both plants and animals?", "choices": {"text": ["reproduce using seeds", "life cycles", "produce their own food", "learned behaviors"], "label": ["P", "N", "A", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a characteristic of both plants and animals?\nP. reproduce using seeds\nN. life cycles\nA. produce their own food\nC. learned behaviors\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3452}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_8_pg19", "question": "What is the main difference between planets and moons in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["All planets can support life; moons cannot.", "All planets have atmospheres; moons do not.", "All planets orbit the Sun; all moons orbit planets.", "All planets are larger than all moons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main difference between planets and moons in our solar system?\nA. All planets can support life; moons cannot.\nB. All planets have atmospheres; moons do not.\nC. All planets orbit the Sun; all moons orbit planets.\nD. All planets are larger than all moons.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main difference between planets and moons in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["All planets are larger than all moons.", "All planets orbit the Sun; all moons orbit planets.", "All planets can support life; moons cannot.", "All planets have atmospheres; moons do not."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main difference between planets and moons in our solar system?\nA. All planets are larger than all moons.\nB. All planets orbit the Sun; all moons orbit planets.\nC. All planets can support life; moons cannot.\nD. All planets have atmospheres; moons do not.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main difference between planets and moons in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["All planets can support life; moons cannot.", "All planets have atmospheres; moons do not.", "All planets orbit the Sun; all moons orbit planets.", "All planets are larger than all moons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main difference between planets and moons in our solar system?\n1. All planets can support life; moons cannot.\n2. All planets have atmospheres; moons do not.\n3. All planets orbit the Sun; all moons orbit planets.\n4. All planets are larger than all moons.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main difference between planets and moons in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["All planets can support life; moons cannot.", "All planets have atmospheres; moons do not.", "All planets orbit the Sun; all moons orbit planets.", "All planets are larger than all moons."], "label": ["E", "J", "Y", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main difference between planets and moons in our solar system?\nE. All planets can support life; moons cannot.\nJ. All planets have atmospheres; moons do not.\nY. All planets orbit the Sun; all moons orbit planets.\nX. All planets are larger than all moons.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main difference between planets and moons in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["All planets are larger than all moons.", "All planets orbit the Sun; all moons orbit planets.", "All planets can support life; moons cannot.", "All planets have atmospheres; moons do not."], "label": ["E", "J", "Y", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main difference between planets and moons in our solar system?\nE. All planets are larger than all moons.\nJ. All planets orbit the Sun; all moons orbit planets.\nY. All planets can support life; moons cannot.\nX. All planets have atmospheres; moons do not.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3453}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7013685", "question": "Which is a response of the autonomic nervous system that helps maintain equilibrium in the body?", "choices": {"text": ["shivering in cold temperatures", "eating due to appetite", "slapping at biting insects", "pulling away from hot objects"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a response of the autonomic nervous system that helps maintain equilibrium in the body?\nA. shivering in cold temperatures\nB. eating due to appetite\nC. slapping at biting insects\nD. pulling away from hot objects\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a response of the autonomic nervous system that helps maintain equilibrium in the body?", "choices": {"text": ["pulling away from hot objects", "eating due to appetite", "slapping at biting insects", "shivering in cold temperatures"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a response of the autonomic nervous system that helps maintain equilibrium in the body?\nA. pulling away from hot objects\nB. eating due to appetite\nC. slapping at biting insects\nD. shivering in cold temperatures\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a response of the autonomic nervous system that helps maintain equilibrium in the body?", "choices": {"text": ["shivering in cold temperatures", "eating due to appetite", "slapping at biting insects", "pulling away from hot objects"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a response of the autonomic nervous system that helps maintain equilibrium in the body?\n1. shivering in cold temperatures\n2. eating due to appetite\n3. slapping at biting insects\n4. pulling away from hot objects\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a response of the autonomic nervous system that helps maintain equilibrium in the body?", "choices": {"text": ["shivering in cold temperatures", "eating due to appetite", "slapping at biting insects", "pulling away from hot objects"], "label": ["F", "K", "C", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a response of the autonomic nervous system that helps maintain equilibrium in the body?\nF. shivering in cold temperatures\nK. eating due to appetite\nC. slapping at biting insects\nM. pulling away from hot objects\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a response of the autonomic nervous system that helps maintain equilibrium in the body?", "choices": {"text": ["pulling away from hot objects", "eating due to appetite", "slapping at biting insects", "shivering in cold temperatures"], "label": ["F", "K", "C", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a response of the autonomic nervous system that helps maintain equilibrium in the body?\nF. pulling away from hot objects\nK. eating due to appetite\nC. slapping at biting insects\nM. shivering in cold temperatures\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3454}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401119", "question": "Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 that was later named after her. Maria Mitchell's discovery contributed to which branch of science?", "choices": {"text": ["biology", "chemistry", "geology", "astronomy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 that was later named after her. Maria Mitchell's discovery contributed to which branch of science?\nA. biology\nB. chemistry\nC. geology\nD. astronomy\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 that was later named after her. Maria Mitchell's discovery contributed to which branch of science?", "choices": {"text": ["geology", "astronomy", "chemistry", "biology"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 that was later named after her. Maria Mitchell's discovery contributed to which branch of science?\nA. geology\nB. astronomy\nC. chemistry\nD. biology\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 that was later named after her. Maria Mitchell's discovery contributed to which branch of science?", "choices": {"text": ["biology", "chemistry", "geology", "astronomy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 that was later named after her. Maria Mitchell's discovery contributed to which branch of science?\n1. biology\n2. chemistry\n3. geology\n4. astronomy\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 that was later named after her. Maria Mitchell's discovery contributed to which branch of science?", "choices": {"text": ["biology", "chemistry", "geology", "astronomy"], "label": ["P", "F", "Y", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 that was later named after her. Maria Mitchell's discovery contributed to which branch of science?\nP. biology\nF. chemistry\nY. geology\nB. astronomy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 that was later named after her. Maria Mitchell's discovery contributed to which branch of science?", "choices": {"text": ["geology", "astronomy", "chemistry", "biology"], "label": ["P", "F", "Y", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Maria Mitchell discovered a comet in 1847 that was later named after her. Maria Mitchell's discovery contributed to which branch of science?\nP. geology\nF. astronomy\nY. chemistry\nB. biology\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3455}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_4_10", "question": "When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy", "magnetic energy", "heat energy", "mechanical energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and\nA. chemical energy\nB. magnetic energy\nC. heat energy\nD. mechanical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and", "choices": {"text": ["heat energy", "mechanical energy", "chemical energy", "magnetic energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and\nA. heat energy\nB. mechanical energy\nC. chemical energy\nD. magnetic energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy", "magnetic energy", "heat energy", "mechanical energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and\n1. chemical energy\n2. magnetic energy\n3. heat energy\n4. mechanical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy", "magnetic energy", "heat energy", "mechanical energy"], "label": ["D", "E", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and\nD. chemical energy\nE. magnetic energy\nB. heat energy\nC. mechanical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and", "choices": {"text": ["heat energy", "mechanical energy", "chemical energy", "magnetic energy"], "label": ["D", "E", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a lightbulb is lit, electrical energy is changed into light energy and\nD. heat energy\nE. mechanical energy\nB. chemical energy\nC. magnetic energy\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3456}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2016_5_16", "question": "Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation", "sedimentation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?\nA. condensation\nB. evaporation\nC. precipitation\nD. sedimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "sedimentation", "evaporation", "precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?\nA. condensation\nB. sedimentation\nC. evaporation\nD. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation", "sedimentation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?\n1. condensation\n2. evaporation\n3. precipitation\n4. sedimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation", "sedimentation"], "label": ["M", "G", "E", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?\nM. condensation\nG. evaporation\nE. precipitation\nW. sedimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "sedimentation", "evaporation", "precipitation"], "label": ["M", "G", "E", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water moves directly from a lake to the air by which of the following processes?\nM. condensation\nG. sedimentation\nE. evaporation\nW. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3457}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_178308", "question": "In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of", "choices": {"text": ["combustion.", "fixed proportions.", "conservation of mass.", "conservation of energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of\nA. combustion.\nB. fixed proportions.\nC. conservation of mass.\nD. conservation of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of", "choices": {"text": ["conservation of energy.", "conservation of mass.", "combustion.", "fixed proportions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of\nA. conservation of energy.\nB. conservation of mass.\nC. combustion.\nD. fixed proportions.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of", "choices": {"text": ["combustion.", "fixed proportions.", "conservation of mass.", "conservation of energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of\n1. combustion.\n2. fixed proportions.\n3. conservation of mass.\n4. conservation of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of", "choices": {"text": ["combustion.", "fixed proportions.", "conservation of mass.", "conservation of energy."], "label": ["H", "A", "U", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of\nH. combustion.\nA. fixed proportions.\nU. conservation of mass.\nI. conservation of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of", "choices": {"text": ["conservation of energy.", "conservation of mass.", "combustion.", "fixed proportions."], "label": ["H", "A", "U", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the late 1700s, Antoine Lavoisier performed a series of experiments to find out what happened when a substance burned. In each experiment, he observed that the weight of a container and its contents was the same at the end of the experiment as it had been in the beginning. These observations led him to propose the law of\nH. conservation of energy.\nA. conservation of mass.\nU. combustion.\nI. fixed proportions.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3458}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405107", "question": "A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by", "choices": {"text": ["shining a light on the mineral.", "soaking the mineral in water.", "rubbing a penny against the mineral.", "breaking off a piece of the mineral."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by\nA. shining a light on the mineral.\nB. soaking the mineral in water.\nC. rubbing a penny against the mineral.\nD. breaking off a piece of the mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by", "choices": {"text": ["breaking off a piece of the mineral.", "soaking the mineral in water.", "rubbing a penny against the mineral.", "shining a light on the mineral."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by\nA. breaking off a piece of the mineral.\nB. soaking the mineral in water.\nC. rubbing a penny against the mineral.\nD. shining a light on the mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by", "choices": {"text": ["shining a light on the mineral.", "soaking the mineral in water.", "rubbing a penny against the mineral.", "breaking off a piece of the mineral."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by\n1. shining a light on the mineral.\n2. soaking the mineral in water.\n3. rubbing a penny against the mineral.\n4. breaking off a piece of the mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by", "choices": {"text": ["shining a light on the mineral.", "soaking the mineral in water.", "rubbing a penny against the mineral.", "breaking off a piece of the mineral."], "label": ["O", "M", "H", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by\nO. shining a light on the mineral.\nM. soaking the mineral in water.\nH. rubbing a penny against the mineral.\nQ. breaking off a piece of the mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by", "choices": {"text": ["breaking off a piece of the mineral.", "soaking the mineral in water.", "rubbing a penny against the mineral.", "shining a light on the mineral."], "label": ["O", "M", "H", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student has a mineral sample. He wonders if the sample is the mineral mica. He knows the cleavage pattern of mica is a smooth, flat sheet. The student can best find out the cleavage pattern of the sample by\nO. breaking off a piece of the mineral.\nM. soaking the mineral in water.\nH. rubbing a penny against the mineral.\nQ. shining a light on the mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3459}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_28", "question": "A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?", "choices": {"text": ["June 7", "June 15", "July 1", "July 7"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?\nA. June 7\nB. June 15\nC. July 1\nD. July 7\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?", "choices": {"text": ["June 7", "July 1", "July 7", "June 15"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?\nA. June 7\nB. July 1\nC. July 7\nD. June 15\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?", "choices": {"text": ["June 7", "June 15", "July 1", "July 7"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?\n1. June 7\n2. June 15\n3. July 1\n4. July 7\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?", "choices": {"text": ["June 7", "June 15", "July 1", "July 7"], "label": ["M", "L", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?\nM. June 7\nL. June 15\nG. July 1\nY. July 7\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?", "choices": {"text": ["June 7", "July 1", "July 7", "June 15"], "label": ["M", "L", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A full Moon is observed in Buffalo, New York, on June 1. Approximately when will the next full Moon be observed in Buffalo?\nM. June 7\nL. July 1\nG. July 7\nY. June 15\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3460}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400799", "question": "A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?", "choices": {"text": ["decomposers recycling dead insects", "annual variation in oxygen availability", "activities of predators preying on insects", "variation in barometric pressure"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?\nA. decomposers recycling dead insects\nB. annual variation in oxygen availability\nC. activities of predators preying on insects\nD. variation in barometric pressure\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?", "choices": {"text": ["activities of predators preying on insects", "annual variation in oxygen availability", "variation in barometric pressure", "decomposers recycling dead insects"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?\nA. activities of predators preying on insects\nB. annual variation in oxygen availability\nC. variation in barometric pressure\nD. decomposers recycling dead insects\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?", "choices": {"text": ["decomposers recycling dead insects", "annual variation in oxygen availability", "activities of predators preying on insects", "variation in barometric pressure"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?\n1. decomposers recycling dead insects\n2. annual variation in oxygen availability\n3. activities of predators preying on insects\n4. variation in barometric pressure\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?", "choices": {"text": ["decomposers recycling dead insects", "annual variation in oxygen availability", "activities of predators preying on insects", "variation in barometric pressure"], "label": ["N", "E", "Z", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?\nN. decomposers recycling dead insects\nE. annual variation in oxygen availability\nZ. activities of predators preying on insects\nI. variation in barometric pressure\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?", "choices": {"text": ["activities of predators preying on insects", "annual variation in oxygen availability", "variation in barometric pressure", "decomposers recycling dead insects"], "label": ["N", "E", "Z", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A computer model of an insect population takes into account the following parameters: * available food resources * annual temperature variation * timing of insect reproductive cycles Which additional parameter would most significantly improve the model's accuracy when predicting the insect population size?\nN. activities of predators preying on insects\nE. annual variation in oxygen availability\nZ. variation in barometric pressure\nI. decomposers recycling dead insects\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3461}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401219", "question": "Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?", "choices": {"text": ["egg, nymph, pupa, adult", "egg, larva, nymph, adult", "egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult", "egg, larva, pupa, adult"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?\nA. egg, nymph, pupa, adult\nB. egg, larva, nymph, adult\nC. egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult\nD. egg, larva, pupa, adult\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?", "choices": {"text": ["egg, larva, nymph, adult", "egg, larva, pupa, adult", "egg, nymph, pupa, adult", "egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?\nA. egg, larva, nymph, adult\nB. egg, larva, pupa, adult\nC. egg, nymph, pupa, adult\nD. egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?", "choices": {"text": ["egg, nymph, pupa, adult", "egg, larva, nymph, adult", "egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult", "egg, larva, pupa, adult"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?\n1. egg, nymph, pupa, adult\n2. egg, larva, nymph, adult\n3. egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult\n4. egg, larva, pupa, adult\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?", "choices": {"text": ["egg, nymph, pupa, adult", "egg, larva, nymph, adult", "egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult", "egg, larva, pupa, adult"], "label": ["Q", "K", "H", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?\nQ. egg, nymph, pupa, adult\nK. egg, larva, nymph, adult\nH. egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult\nW. egg, larva, pupa, adult\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?", "choices": {"text": ["egg, larva, nymph, adult", "egg, larva, pupa, adult", "egg, nymph, pupa, adult", "egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult"], "label": ["Q", "K", "H", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many insects go through metamorphosis. Which series shows the stages of complete metamorphosis correctly?\nQ. egg, larva, nymph, adult\nK. egg, larva, pupa, adult\nH. egg, nymph, pupa, adult\nW. egg, nymph 1, nymph 2, adult\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3462}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_5_22", "question": "Which of these describes rotation?", "choices": {"text": ["Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days.", "The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.", "Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.", "Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these describes rotation?\nA. Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days.\nB. The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.\nC. Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.\nD. Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these describes rotation?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.", "Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.", "Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours.", "Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these describes rotation?\nA. The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.\nB. Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.\nC. Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours.\nD. Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these describes rotation?", "choices": {"text": ["Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days.", "The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.", "Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.", "Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these describes rotation?\n1. Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days.\n2. The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.\n3. Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.\n4. Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these describes rotation?", "choices": {"text": ["Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days.", "The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.", "Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.", "Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours."], "label": ["X", "T", "L", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these describes rotation?\nX. Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days.\nT. The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.\nL. Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.\nP. Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these describes rotation?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.", "Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.", "Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours.", "Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days."], "label": ["X", "T", "L", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these describes rotation?\nX. The Moon goes around Earth every 28 days.\nT. Earth orbits the Sun about every 365 days.\nL. Earth makes one turn on its axis every 24 hours.\nP. Mercury goes around the Sun every 88 days.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3463}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2013_5_5", "question": "Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?", "choices": {"text": ["reflection", "refraction", "diffraction", "absorption"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?\nA. reflection\nB. refraction\nC. diffraction\nD. absorption\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?", "choices": {"text": ["diffraction", "absorption", "reflection", "refraction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?\nA. diffraction\nB. absorption\nC. reflection\nD. refraction\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?", "choices": {"text": ["reflection", "refraction", "diffraction", "absorption"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?\n1. reflection\n2. refraction\n3. diffraction\n4. absorption\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?", "choices": {"text": ["reflection", "refraction", "diffraction", "absorption"], "label": ["Q", "Y", "P", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?\nQ. reflection\nY. refraction\nP. diffraction\nK. absorption\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?", "choices": {"text": ["diffraction", "absorption", "reflection", "refraction"], "label": ["Q", "Y", "P", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sam looks into a fish pond and points at a goldfish. Sam's grandfather looks where Sam is pointing and tells Sam that the fish is actually in a different location. Which property of light explains why Sam's grandfather is correct?\nQ. diffraction\nY. absorption\nP. reflection\nK. refraction\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3464}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_5_27", "question": "People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?", "choices": {"text": ["The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people.", "The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.", "The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.", "The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?\nA. The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people.\nB. The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.\nC. The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.\nD. The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?", "choices": {"text": ["The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.", "The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.", "The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.", "The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?\nA. The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.\nB. The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.\nC. The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.\nD. The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?", "choices": {"text": ["The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people.", "The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.", "The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.", "The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?\n1. The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people.\n2. The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.\n3. The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.\n4. The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?", "choices": {"text": ["The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people.", "The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.", "The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.", "The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people."], "label": ["P", "M", "N", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?\nP. The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people.\nM. The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.\nN. The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.\nU. The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?", "choices": {"text": ["The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.", "The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.", "The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.", "The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people."], "label": ["P", "M", "N", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire?\nP. The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.\nM. The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people.\nN. The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people.\nU. The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3465}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2008_5_12", "question": "In which case does a physical change occur?", "choices": {"text": ["Ice melts into water.", "Bread burns in a toaster.", "A cake bakes in an oven.", "Two chemicals form a new substance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which case does a physical change occur?\nA. Ice melts into water.\nB. Bread burns in a toaster.\nC. A cake bakes in an oven.\nD. Two chemicals form a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which case does a physical change occur?", "choices": {"text": ["Bread burns in a toaster.", "Ice melts into water.", "A cake bakes in an oven.", "Two chemicals form a new substance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which case does a physical change occur?\nA. Bread burns in a toaster.\nB. Ice melts into water.\nC. A cake bakes in an oven.\nD. Two chemicals form a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which case does a physical change occur?", "choices": {"text": ["Ice melts into water.", "Bread burns in a toaster.", "A cake bakes in an oven.", "Two chemicals form a new substance."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which case does a physical change occur?\n1. Ice melts into water.\n2. Bread burns in a toaster.\n3. A cake bakes in an oven.\n4. Two chemicals form a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which case does a physical change occur?", "choices": {"text": ["Ice melts into water.", "Bread burns in a toaster.", "A cake bakes in an oven.", "Two chemicals form a new substance."], "label": ["M", "S", "X", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which case does a physical change occur?\nM. Ice melts into water.\nS. Bread burns in a toaster.\nX. A cake bakes in an oven.\nO. Two chemicals form a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which case does a physical change occur?", "choices": {"text": ["Bread burns in a toaster.", "Ice melts into water.", "A cake bakes in an oven.", "Two chemicals form a new substance."], "label": ["M", "S", "X", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which case does a physical change occur?\nM. Bread burns in a toaster.\nS. Ice melts into water.\nX. A cake bakes in an oven.\nO. Two chemicals form a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3466}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2008_7_17", "question": "Which energy source could involve a dam?", "choices": {"text": ["biomass", "solar power", "geothermal energy", "hydroelectric power"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy source could involve a dam?\nA. biomass\nB. solar power\nC. geothermal energy\nD. hydroelectric power\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy source could involve a dam?", "choices": {"text": ["solar power", "biomass", "hydroelectric power", "geothermal energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy source could involve a dam?\nA. solar power\nB. biomass\nC. hydroelectric power\nD. geothermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy source could involve a dam?", "choices": {"text": ["biomass", "solar power", "geothermal energy", "hydroelectric power"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy source could involve a dam?\n1. biomass\n2. solar power\n3. geothermal energy\n4. hydroelectric power\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy source could involve a dam?", "choices": {"text": ["biomass", "solar power", "geothermal energy", "hydroelectric power"], "label": ["T", "P", "Z", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy source could involve a dam?\nT. biomass\nP. solar power\nZ. geothermal energy\nE. hydroelectric power\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy source could involve a dam?", "choices": {"text": ["solar power", "biomass", "hydroelectric power", "geothermal energy"], "label": ["T", "P", "Z", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy source could involve a dam?\nT. solar power\nP. biomass\nZ. hydroelectric power\nE. geothermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3467}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7250110", "question": "Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["a nucleus", "a cell membrane", "a circular chromosome", "a mitochondrion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?\nA. a nucleus\nB. a cell membrane\nC. a circular chromosome\nD. a mitochondrion\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["a cell membrane", "a nucleus", "a circular chromosome", "a mitochondrion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?\nA. a cell membrane\nB. a nucleus\nC. a circular chromosome\nD. a mitochondrion\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["a nucleus", "a cell membrane", "a circular chromosome", "a mitochondrion"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?\n1. a nucleus\n2. a cell membrane\n3. a circular chromosome\n4. a mitochondrion\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["a nucleus", "a cell membrane", "a circular chromosome", "a mitochondrion"], "label": ["B", "N", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?\nB. a nucleus\nN. a cell membrane\nS. a circular chromosome\nW. a mitochondrion\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["a cell membrane", "a nucleus", "a circular chromosome", "a mitochondrion"], "label": ["B", "N", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which cellular structure do organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista have in common?\nB. a cell membrane\nN. a nucleus\nS. a circular chromosome\nW. a mitochondrion\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3468}
{"arc_id": "WASL_2005_5_10", "question": "Sheri went on a field trip with her class and saw a stream with floating garbage. How could this pollution affect humans?", "choices": {"text": ["There may not be enough drinking water.", "There may not be enough water in the water cycle.", "There may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe."], "label": ["A", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sheri went on a field trip with her class and saw a stream with floating garbage. How could this pollution affect humans?\nA. There may not be enough drinking water.\nB. There may not be enough water in the water cycle.\nC. There may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sheri went on a field trip with her class and saw a stream with floating garbage. How could this pollution affect humans?", "choices": {"text": ["There may not be enough water in the water cycle.", "There may not be enough drinking water.", "There may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe."], "label": ["A", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sheri went on a field trip with her class and saw a stream with floating garbage. How could this pollution affect humans?\nA. There may not be enough water in the water cycle.\nB. There may not be enough drinking water.\nC. There may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sheri went on a field trip with her class and saw a stream with floating garbage. How could this pollution affect humans?", "choices": {"text": ["There may not be enough drinking water.", "There may not be enough water in the water cycle.", "There may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe."], "label": ["1", "2", "3"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sheri went on a field trip with her class and saw a stream with floating garbage. How could this pollution affect humans?\n1. There may not be enough drinking water.\n2. There may not be enough water in the water cycle.\n3. There may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sheri went on a field trip with her class and saw a stream with floating garbage. How could this pollution affect humans?", "choices": {"text": ["There may not be enough drinking water.", "There may not be enough water in the water cycle.", "There may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe."], "label": ["C", "Y", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sheri went on a field trip with her class and saw a stream with floating garbage. How could this pollution affect humans?\nC. There may not be enough drinking water.\nY. There may not be enough water in the water cycle.\nF. There may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sheri went on a field trip with her class and saw a stream with floating garbage. How could this pollution affect humans?", "choices": {"text": ["There may not be enough water in the water cycle.", "There may not be enough drinking water.", "There may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe."], "label": ["C", "Y", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sheri went on a field trip with her class and saw a stream with floating garbage. How could this pollution affect humans?\nC. There may not be enough water in the water cycle.\nY. There may not be enough drinking water.\nF. There may not be enough oxygen for humans to breathe.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3469}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_24", "question": "Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?", "choices": {"text": ["location and mass of the sample", "shape and texture of the sample", "hardness and streak of the sample", "color and size of the sample"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?\nA. location and mass of the sample\nB. shape and texture of the sample\nC. hardness and streak of the sample\nD. color and size of the sample\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?", "choices": {"text": ["hardness and streak of the sample", "location and mass of the sample", "shape and texture of the sample", "color and size of the sample"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?\nA. hardness and streak of the sample\nB. location and mass of the sample\nC. shape and texture of the sample\nD. color and size of the sample\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?", "choices": {"text": ["location and mass of the sample", "shape and texture of the sample", "hardness and streak of the sample", "color and size of the sample"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?\n1. location and mass of the sample\n2. shape and texture of the sample\n3. hardness and streak of the sample\n4. color and size of the sample\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?", "choices": {"text": ["location and mass of the sample", "shape and texture of the sample", "hardness and streak of the sample", "color and size of the sample"], "label": ["W", "K", "A", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?\nW. location and mass of the sample\nK. shape and texture of the sample\nA. hardness and streak of the sample\nL. color and size of the sample\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?", "choices": {"text": ["hardness and streak of the sample", "location and mass of the sample", "shape and texture of the sample", "color and size of the sample"], "label": ["W", "K", "A", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which information would probably be most helpful to someone trying to identify a mineral sample?\nW. hardness and streak of the sample\nK. location and mass of the sample\nA. shape and texture of the sample\nL. color and size of the sample\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3470}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7091858", "question": "Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["a reduction in the ozone layer", "a reduction in photosynthesis", "an increase in radioactive wastes", "an increase in the greenhouse effect"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?\nA. a reduction in the ozone layer\nB. a reduction in photosynthesis\nC. an increase in radioactive wastes\nD. an increase in the greenhouse effect\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in the greenhouse effect", "an increase in radioactive wastes", "a reduction in the ozone layer", "a reduction in photosynthesis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?\nA. an increase in the greenhouse effect\nB. an increase in radioactive wastes\nC. a reduction in the ozone layer\nD. a reduction in photosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["a reduction in the ozone layer", "a reduction in photosynthesis", "an increase in radioactive wastes", "an increase in the greenhouse effect"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?\n1. a reduction in the ozone layer\n2. a reduction in photosynthesis\n3. an increase in radioactive wastes\n4. an increase in the greenhouse effect\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["a reduction in the ozone layer", "a reduction in photosynthesis", "an increase in radioactive wastes", "an increase in the greenhouse effect"], "label": ["J", "N", "O", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?\nJ. a reduction in the ozone layer\nN. a reduction in photosynthesis\nO. an increase in radioactive wastes\nP. an increase in the greenhouse effect\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in the greenhouse effect", "an increase in radioactive wastes", "a reduction in the ozone layer", "a reduction in photosynthesis"], "label": ["J", "N", "O", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is most likely an effect of releasing carbon dioxide pollution into the atmosphere?\nJ. an increase in the greenhouse effect\nN. an increase in radioactive wastes\nO. a reduction in the ozone layer\nP. a reduction in photosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3471}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405948", "question": "Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover", "choices": {"text": ["metal.", "wood.", "solids.", "liquids."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover\nA. metal.\nB. wood.\nC. solids.\nD. liquids.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover", "choices": {"text": ["wood.", "metal.", "solids.", "liquids."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover\nA. wood.\nB. metal.\nC. solids.\nD. liquids.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover", "choices": {"text": ["metal.", "wood.", "solids.", "liquids."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover\n1. metal.\n2. wood.\n3. solids.\n4. liquids.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover", "choices": {"text": ["metal.", "wood.", "solids.", "liquids."], "label": ["U", "V", "L", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover\nU. metal.\nV. wood.\nL. solids.\nN. liquids.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover", "choices": {"text": ["wood.", "metal.", "solids.", "liquids."], "label": ["U", "V", "L", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plastic conducts very little thermal energy or electricity. Because of this property, plastic would most likely be used to cover\nU. wood.\nV. metal.\nL. solids.\nN. liquids.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3472}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2009_8_8", "question": "Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?", "choices": {"text": ["meter", "light-year", "kilometer", "astronomical unit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?\nA. meter\nB. light-year\nC. kilometer\nD. astronomical unit\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?", "choices": {"text": ["light-year", "kilometer", "astronomical unit", "meter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?\nA. light-year\nB. kilometer\nC. astronomical unit\nD. meter\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?", "choices": {"text": ["meter", "light-year", "kilometer", "astronomical unit"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?\n1. meter\n2. light-year\n3. kilometer\n4. astronomical unit\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?", "choices": {"text": ["meter", "light-year", "kilometer", "astronomical unit"], "label": ["G", "Q", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?\nG. meter\nQ. light-year\nC. kilometer\nD. astronomical unit\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?", "choices": {"text": ["light-year", "kilometer", "astronomical unit", "meter"], "label": ["G", "Q", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which unit of measurement do astronomers use when measuring the distance between two stars found in the Milky Way?\nG. light-year\nQ. kilometer\nC. astronomical unit\nD. meter\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3473}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408425", "question": "The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "nervous", "skeletal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?\nA. circulatory\nB. digestive\nC. nervous\nD. skeletal\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "circulatory", "skeletal", "nervous"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?\nA. digestive\nB. circulatory\nC. skeletal\nD. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "nervous", "skeletal"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?\n1. circulatory\n2. digestive\n3. nervous\n4. skeletal\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "nervous", "skeletal"], "label": ["Y", "G", "M", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?\nY. circulatory\nG. digestive\nM. nervous\nW. skeletal\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "circulatory", "skeletal", "nervous"], "label": ["Y", "G", "M", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human body is made up of several systems. The mouth, esophagus, and stomach are all parts of which system?\nY. digestive\nG. circulatory\nM. skeletal\nW. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3474}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415489", "question": "Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation", "day", "orbit", "phase"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?\nA. rotation\nB. day\nC. orbit\nD. phase\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["day", "phase", "rotation", "orbit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?\nA. day\nB. phase\nC. rotation\nD. orbit\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation", "day", "orbit", "phase"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?\n1. rotation\n2. day\n3. orbit\n4. phase\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation", "day", "orbit", "phase"], "label": ["B", "W", "T", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?\nB. rotation\nW. day\nT. orbit\nZ. phase\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["day", "phase", "rotation", "orbit"], "label": ["B", "W", "T", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term describes the path the Moon travels around Earth?\nB. day\nW. phase\nT. rotation\nZ. orbit\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3475}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7037678", "question": "Which best describes an exothermic reaction?", "choices": {"text": ["a physical change occurs", "equal amounts of products are produced", "energy is required", "energy is released"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes an exothermic reaction?\nA. a physical change occurs\nB. equal amounts of products are produced\nC. energy is required\nD. energy is released\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes an exothermic reaction?", "choices": {"text": ["energy is required", "energy is released", "a physical change occurs", "equal amounts of products are produced"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes an exothermic reaction?\nA. energy is required\nB. energy is released\nC. a physical change occurs\nD. equal amounts of products are produced\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes an exothermic reaction?", "choices": {"text": ["a physical change occurs", "equal amounts of products are produced", "energy is required", "energy is released"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes an exothermic reaction?\n1. a physical change occurs\n2. equal amounts of products are produced\n3. energy is required\n4. energy is released\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes an exothermic reaction?", "choices": {"text": ["a physical change occurs", "equal amounts of products are produced", "energy is required", "energy is released"], "label": ["R", "C", "E", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes an exothermic reaction?\nR. a physical change occurs\nC. equal amounts of products are produced\nE. energy is required\nS. energy is released\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes an exothermic reaction?", "choices": {"text": ["energy is required", "energy is released", "a physical change occurs", "equal amounts of products are produced"], "label": ["R", "C", "E", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes an exothermic reaction?\nR. energy is required\nC. energy is released\nE. a physical change occurs\nS. equal amounts of products are produced\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3476}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_4_pg14", "question": "During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?", "choices": {"text": ["boiling only", "melting only", "melting and freezing but not boiling", "melting and boiling but not freezing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?\nA. boiling only\nB. melting only\nC. melting and freezing but not boiling\nD. melting and boiling but not freezing\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?", "choices": {"text": ["melting and boiling but not freezing", "melting only", "melting and freezing but not boiling", "boiling only"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?\nA. melting and boiling but not freezing\nB. melting only\nC. melting and freezing but not boiling\nD. boiling only\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?", "choices": {"text": ["boiling only", "melting only", "melting and freezing but not boiling", "melting and boiling but not freezing"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?\n1. boiling only\n2. melting only\n3. melting and freezing but not boiling\n4. melting and boiling but not freezing\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?", "choices": {"text": ["boiling only", "melting only", "melting and freezing but not boiling", "melting and boiling but not freezing"], "label": ["Q", "R", "K", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?\nQ. boiling only\nR. melting only\nK. melting and freezing but not boiling\nM. melting and boiling but not freezing\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?", "choices": {"text": ["melting and boiling but not freezing", "melting only", "melting and freezing but not boiling", "boiling only"], "label": ["Q", "R", "K", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: During freezing, melting, and boiling, water changes from one state to another state. Heat needs to be supplied for which of these to take place?\nQ. melting and boiling but not freezing\nR. melting only\nK. melting and freezing but not boiling\nM. boiling only\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3477}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10391", "question": "Which of the following is a first-level consumer?", "choices": {"text": ["wolf", "hawk", "carrot", "rabbit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a first-level consumer?\nA. wolf\nB. hawk\nC. carrot\nD. rabbit\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a first-level consumer?", "choices": {"text": ["rabbit", "carrot", "wolf", "hawk"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a first-level consumer?\nA. rabbit\nB. carrot\nC. wolf\nD. hawk\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a first-level consumer?", "choices": {"text": ["wolf", "hawk", "carrot", "rabbit"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a first-level consumer?\n1. wolf\n2. hawk\n3. carrot\n4. rabbit\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a first-level consumer?", "choices": {"text": ["wolf", "hawk", "carrot", "rabbit"], "label": ["P", "V", "Z", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a first-level consumer?\nP. wolf\nV. hawk\nZ. carrot\nF. rabbit\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a first-level consumer?", "choices": {"text": ["rabbit", "carrot", "wolf", "hawk"], "label": ["P", "V", "Z", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a first-level consumer?\nP. rabbit\nV. carrot\nZ. wolf\nF. hawk\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3478}
{"arc_id": "CSZ_2009_8_CSZ30764", "question": "A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?", "choices": {"text": ["reduce the mass of the box", "increase the mass of the box", "make the surfaces of the box smooth", "make the surface of the floor smooth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?\nA. reduce the mass of the box\nB. increase the mass of the box\nC. make the surfaces of the box smooth\nD. make the surface of the floor smooth\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?", "choices": {"text": ["make the surface of the floor smooth", "reduce the mass of the box", "increase the mass of the box", "make the surfaces of the box smooth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?\nA. make the surface of the floor smooth\nB. reduce the mass of the box\nC. increase the mass of the box\nD. make the surfaces of the box smooth\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?", "choices": {"text": ["reduce the mass of the box", "increase the mass of the box", "make the surfaces of the box smooth", "make the surface of the floor smooth"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?\n1. reduce the mass of the box\n2. increase the mass of the box\n3. make the surfaces of the box smooth\n4. make the surface of the floor smooth\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?", "choices": {"text": ["reduce the mass of the box", "increase the mass of the box", "make the surfaces of the box smooth", "make the surface of the floor smooth"], "label": ["T", "N", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?\nT. reduce the mass of the box\nN. increase the mass of the box\nQ. make the surfaces of the box smooth\nZ. make the surface of the floor smooth\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?", "choices": {"text": ["make the surface of the floor smooth", "reduce the mass of the box", "increase the mass of the box", "make the surfaces of the box smooth"], "label": ["T", "N", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A force of 5 N is required to increase the speed of a box from a rate of 1.0 m/s to 3.0 m/s within 5 s along a level surface. What change would most likely require additional force to produce the same results?\nT. make the surface of the floor smooth\nN. reduce the mass of the box\nQ. increase the mass of the box\nZ. make the surfaces of the box smooth\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3479}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7040933", "question": "What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth has a moon", "Earth has a tilted axis", "Earth has a magnetic field", "Earth has an elliptical orbit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?\nA. Earth has a moon\nB. Earth has a tilted axis\nC. Earth has a magnetic field\nD. Earth has an elliptical orbit\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth has a moon", "Earth has a magnetic field", "Earth has a tilted axis", "Earth has an elliptical orbit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?\nA. Earth has a moon\nB. Earth has a magnetic field\nC. Earth has a tilted axis\nD. Earth has an elliptical orbit\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth has a moon", "Earth has a tilted axis", "Earth has a magnetic field", "Earth has an elliptical orbit"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?\n1. Earth has a moon\n2. Earth has a tilted axis\n3. Earth has a magnetic field\n4. Earth has an elliptical orbit\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth has a moon", "Earth has a tilted axis", "Earth has a magnetic field", "Earth has an elliptical orbit"], "label": ["C", "G", "H", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?\nC. Earth has a moon\nG. Earth has a tilted axis\nH. Earth has a magnetic field\nM. Earth has an elliptical orbit\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth has a moon", "Earth has a magnetic field", "Earth has a tilted axis", "Earth has an elliptical orbit"], "label": ["C", "G", "H", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the MAJOR reason Earth has seasons?\nC. Earth has a moon\nG. Earth has a magnetic field\nH. Earth has a tilted axis\nM. Earth has an elliptical orbit\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3480}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7175805", "question": "In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?", "choices": {"text": ["development of claws", "increase in leg strength", "increase in visual acuity", "development of webbed feet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?\nA. development of claws\nB. increase in leg strength\nC. increase in visual acuity\nD. development of webbed feet\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?", "choices": {"text": ["increase in visual acuity", "development of claws", "development of webbed feet", "increase in leg strength"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?\nA. increase in visual acuity\nB. development of claws\nC. development of webbed feet\nD. increase in leg strength\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?", "choices": {"text": ["development of claws", "increase in leg strength", "increase in visual acuity", "development of webbed feet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?\n1. development of claws\n2. increase in leg strength\n3. increase in visual acuity\n4. development of webbed feet\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?", "choices": {"text": ["development of claws", "increase in leg strength", "increase in visual acuity", "development of webbed feet"], "label": ["D", "G", "N", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?\nD. development of claws\nG. increase in leg strength\nN. increase in visual acuity\nV. development of webbed feet\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?", "choices": {"text": ["increase in visual acuity", "development of claws", "development of webbed feet", "increase in leg strength"], "label": ["D", "G", "N", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a particular habitat, Animal X has two sources of food. One source is found in the water and the other source is found on land. If the main predator of Animal X is found only on land, what is the most likely structural adaptation that will be selected for in the population of Animal X?\nD. increase in visual acuity\nG. development of claws\nN. development of webbed feet\nV. increase in leg strength\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3481}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7128870", "question": "A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["noise levels", "intensity of light", "relative humidity", "types of thermal energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?\nA. noise levels\nB. intensity of light\nC. relative humidity\nD. types of thermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["relative humidity", "noise levels", "intensity of light", "types of thermal energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?\nA. relative humidity\nB. noise levels\nC. intensity of light\nD. types of thermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["noise levels", "intensity of light", "relative humidity", "types of thermal energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?\n1. noise levels\n2. intensity of light\n3. relative humidity\n4. types of thermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["noise levels", "intensity of light", "relative humidity", "types of thermal energy"], "label": ["W", "G", "U", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?\nW. noise levels\nG. intensity of light\nU. relative humidity\nX. types of thermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["relative humidity", "noise levels", "intensity of light", "types of thermal energy"], "label": ["W", "G", "U", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher uses an instrument that records decibel levels. What is the teacher measuring?\nW. relative humidity\nG. noise levels\nU. intensity of light\nX. types of thermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3482}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406851", "question": "Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?", "choices": {"text": ["through exposure to air", "by absorbing sunlight", "through decaying matter", "by rocks eroding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?\nA. through exposure to air\nB. by absorbing sunlight\nC. through decaying matter\nD. by rocks eroding\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?", "choices": {"text": ["through decaying matter", "through exposure to air", "by absorbing sunlight", "by rocks eroding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?\nA. through decaying matter\nB. through exposure to air\nC. by absorbing sunlight\nD. by rocks eroding\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?", "choices": {"text": ["through exposure to air", "by absorbing sunlight", "through decaying matter", "by rocks eroding"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?\n1. through exposure to air\n2. by absorbing sunlight\n3. through decaying matter\n4. by rocks eroding\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?", "choices": {"text": ["through exposure to air", "by absorbing sunlight", "through decaying matter", "by rocks eroding"], "label": ["U", "I", "G", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?\nU. through exposure to air\nI. by absorbing sunlight\nG. through decaying matter\nP. by rocks eroding\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?", "choices": {"text": ["through decaying matter", "through exposure to air", "by absorbing sunlight", "by rocks eroding"], "label": ["U", "I", "G", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains how nutrients get into soil?\nU. through decaying matter\nI. through exposure to air\nG. by absorbing sunlight\nP. by rocks eroding\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3483}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_409822", "question": "Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "fertilizer", "chemical weathering", "mechanical weathering"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?\nA. erosion\nB. fertilizer\nC. chemical weathering\nD. mechanical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "fertilizer", "mechanical weathering", "chemical weathering"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?\nA. erosion\nB. fertilizer\nC. mechanical weathering\nD. chemical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "fertilizer", "chemical weathering", "mechanical weathering"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?\n1. erosion\n2. fertilizer\n3. chemical weathering\n4. mechanical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "fertilizer", "chemical weathering", "mechanical weathering"], "label": ["E", "W", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?\nE. erosion\nW. fertilizer\nN. chemical weathering\nY. mechanical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "fertilizer", "mechanical weathering", "chemical weathering"], "label": ["E", "W", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lichens grow on rocks and produce an acid that reacts with part of the rock, forming soil. Which best describes the action of lichens on the rocks?\nE. erosion\nW. fertilizer\nN. mechanical weathering\nY. chemical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3484}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2005_4_10266", "question": "Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?", "choices": {"text": ["The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.", "The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.", "The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.", "Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?\nA. The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.\nB. The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.\nC. The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.\nD. Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?", "choices": {"text": ["The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.", "Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon.", "The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.", "The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?\nA. The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.\nB. Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon.\nC. The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.\nD. The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?", "choices": {"text": ["The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.", "The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.", "The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.", "Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?\n1. The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.\n2. The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.\n3. The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.\n4. Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?", "choices": {"text": ["The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.", "The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.", "The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.", "Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon."], "label": ["T", "K", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?\nT. The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.\nK. The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.\nD. The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.\nB. Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?", "choices": {"text": ["The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.", "Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon.", "The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.", "The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move."], "label": ["T", "K", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do the Sun and Moon appear to move across the sky?\nT. The Sun and Moon revolve around Earth.\nK. Earth revolves around the Sun and the Moon.\nD. The rotation of the solar system makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.\nB. The rotation of Earth makes the Sun and Moon seem to move.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3485}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7024360", "question": "Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?", "choices": {"text": ["releasing warm water into the stream", "driving cars through the stream", "reducing use of fertilizers near the stream", "increasing use of chemicals near the stream"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?\nA. releasing warm water into the stream\nB. driving cars through the stream\nC. reducing use of fertilizers near the stream\nD. increasing use of chemicals near the stream\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?", "choices": {"text": ["releasing warm water into the stream", "reducing use of fertilizers near the stream", "increasing use of chemicals near the stream", "driving cars through the stream"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?\nA. releasing warm water into the stream\nB. reducing use of fertilizers near the stream\nC. increasing use of chemicals near the stream\nD. driving cars through the stream\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?", "choices": {"text": ["releasing warm water into the stream", "driving cars through the stream", "reducing use of fertilizers near the stream", "increasing use of chemicals near the stream"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?\n1. releasing warm water into the stream\n2. driving cars through the stream\n3. reducing use of fertilizers near the stream\n4. increasing use of chemicals near the stream\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?", "choices": {"text": ["releasing warm water into the stream", "driving cars through the stream", "reducing use of fertilizers near the stream", "increasing use of chemicals near the stream"], "label": ["B", "O", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?\nB. releasing warm water into the stream\nO. driving cars through the stream\nN. reducing use of fertilizers near the stream\nI. increasing use of chemicals near the stream\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?", "choices": {"text": ["releasing warm water into the stream", "reducing use of fertilizers near the stream", "increasing use of chemicals near the stream", "driving cars through the stream"], "label": ["B", "O", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity would have the greatest positive impact on the water quality of a stream?\nB. releasing warm water into the stream\nO. reducing use of fertilizers near the stream\nN. increasing use of chemicals near the stream\nI. driving cars through the stream\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3486}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_10", "question": "A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from", "choices": {"text": ["solid to gas", "solid to liquid", "liquid to solid", "liquid to gas"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from\nA. solid to gas\nB. solid to liquid\nC. liquid to solid\nD. liquid to gas\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from", "choices": {"text": ["liquid to gas", "solid to gas", "solid to liquid", "liquid to solid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from\nA. liquid to gas\nB. solid to gas\nC. solid to liquid\nD. liquid to solid\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from", "choices": {"text": ["solid to gas", "solid to liquid", "liquid to solid", "liquid to gas"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from\n1. solid to gas\n2. solid to liquid\n3. liquid to solid\n4. liquid to gas\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from", "choices": {"text": ["solid to gas", "solid to liquid", "liquid to solid", "liquid to gas"], "label": ["X", "V", "O", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from\nX. solid to gas\nV. solid to liquid\nO. liquid to solid\nF. liquid to gas\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from", "choices": {"text": ["liquid to gas", "solid to gas", "solid to liquid", "liquid to solid"], "label": ["X", "V", "O", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student pours water into a cup and places the cup in a freezer. After many hours, the water will change from\nX. liquid to gas\nV. solid to gas\nO. solid to liquid\nF. liquid to solid\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3487}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401141", "question": "Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?\nA. oxygen\nB. nitrogen\nC. hydrogen\nD. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen", "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?\nA. hydrogen\nB. nitrogen\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?\n1. oxygen\n2. nitrogen\n3. hydrogen\n4. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["B", "R", "P", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?\nB. oxygen\nR. nitrogen\nP. hydrogen\nV. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen", "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen"], "label": ["B", "R", "P", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas is given off by a plant during photosynthesis?\nB. hydrogen\nR. nitrogen\nP. carbon dioxide\nV. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3488}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2012_5_23619", "question": "Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphosis", "photosynthesis", "pollination", "reproduction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?\nA. metamorphosis\nB. photosynthesis\nC. pollination\nD. reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?", "choices": {"text": ["pollination", "metamorphosis", "photosynthesis", "reproduction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?\nA. pollination\nB. metamorphosis\nC. photosynthesis\nD. reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphosis", "photosynthesis", "pollination", "reproduction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?\n1. metamorphosis\n2. photosynthesis\n3. pollination\n4. reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphosis", "photosynthesis", "pollination", "reproduction"], "label": ["M", "D", "R", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?\nM. metamorphosis\nD. photosynthesis\nR. pollination\nK. reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?", "choices": {"text": ["pollination", "metamorphosis", "photosynthesis", "reproduction"], "label": ["M", "D", "R", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following processes makes it possible for plants to use energy from sunlight to produce their own food?\nM. pollination\nD. metamorphosis\nR. photosynthesis\nK. reproduction\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3489}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416642", "question": "Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?", "choices": {"text": ["amoeba", "euglena", "paramecium", "volvox"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?\nA. amoeba\nB. euglena\nC. paramecium\nD. volvox\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?", "choices": {"text": ["amoeba", "paramecium", "euglena", "volvox"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?\nA. amoeba\nB. paramecium\nC. euglena\nD. volvox\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?", "choices": {"text": ["amoeba", "euglena", "paramecium", "volvox"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?\n1. amoeba\n2. euglena\n3. paramecium\n4. volvox\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?", "choices": {"text": ["amoeba", "euglena", "paramecium", "volvox"], "label": ["E", "G", "C", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?\nE. amoeba\nG. euglena\nC. paramecium\nO. volvox\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?", "choices": {"text": ["amoeba", "paramecium", "euglena", "volvox"], "label": ["E", "G", "C", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which protist has starch granules in its cytoplasm?\nE. amoeba\nG. paramecium\nC. euglena\nO. volvox\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3490}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7210193", "question": "Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?", "choices": {"text": ["crude oil", "fresh water", "thermal energy", "salt reserves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?\nA. crude oil\nB. fresh water\nC. thermal energy\nD. salt reserves\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?", "choices": {"text": ["salt reserves", "crude oil", "thermal energy", "fresh water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?\nA. salt reserves\nB. crude oil\nC. thermal energy\nD. fresh water\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?", "choices": {"text": ["crude oil", "fresh water", "thermal energy", "salt reserves"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?\n1. crude oil\n2. fresh water\n3. thermal energy\n4. salt reserves\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?", "choices": {"text": ["crude oil", "fresh water", "thermal energy", "salt reserves"], "label": ["Y", "N", "W", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?\nY. crude oil\nN. fresh water\nW. thermal energy\nD. salt reserves\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?", "choices": {"text": ["salt reserves", "crude oil", "thermal energy", "fresh water"], "label": ["Y", "N", "W", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which resource is more available due to improvements in deep-sea drilling technology?\nY. salt reserves\nN. crude oil\nW. thermal energy\nD. fresh water\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3491}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7057330", "question": "Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by", "choices": {"text": ["bacteria.", "acidic food.", "allergies.", "genetic defects."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by\nA. bacteria.\nB. acidic food.\nC. allergies.\nD. genetic defects.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by", "choices": {"text": ["genetic defects.", "allergies.", "bacteria.", "acidic food."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by\nA. genetic defects.\nB. allergies.\nC. bacteria.\nD. acidic food.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by", "choices": {"text": ["bacteria.", "acidic food.", "allergies.", "genetic defects."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by\n1. bacteria.\n2. acidic food.\n3. allergies.\n4. genetic defects.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by", "choices": {"text": ["bacteria.", "acidic food.", "allergies.", "genetic defects."], "label": ["F", "V", "R", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by\nF. bacteria.\nV. acidic food.\nR. allergies.\nZ. genetic defects.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by", "choices": {"text": ["genetic defects.", "allergies.", "bacteria.", "acidic food."], "label": ["F", "V", "R", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage. Tooth decay is most likely caused by\nF. genetic defects.\nV. allergies.\nR. bacteria.\nZ. acidic food.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3492}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7250128", "question": "Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "capsule", "nucleus", "DNA"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?\nA. mitochondrion\nB. capsule\nC. nucleus\nD. DNA\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "capsule", "DNA", "nucleus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?\nA. mitochondrion\nB. capsule\nC. DNA\nD. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "capsule", "nucleus", "DNA"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?\n1. mitochondrion\n2. capsule\n3. nucleus\n4. DNA\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "capsule", "nucleus", "DNA"], "label": ["B", "U", "J", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?\nB. mitochondrion\nU. capsule\nJ. nucleus\nF. DNA\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "capsule", "DNA", "nucleus"], "label": ["B", "U", "J", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure do a rabbit cell and a bacillus cell have in common?\nB. mitochondrion\nU. capsule\nJ. DNA\nF. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3493}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10338", "question": "Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "trees", "wind", "soil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?\nA. water\nB. trees\nC. wind\nD. soil\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["trees", "soil", "water", "wind"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?\nA. trees\nB. soil\nC. water\nD. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "trees", "wind", "soil"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?\n1. water\n2. trees\n3. wind\n4. soil\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "trees", "wind", "soil"], "label": ["A", "B", "S", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?\nA. water\nB. trees\nS. wind\nY. soil\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["trees", "soil", "water", "wind"], "label": ["A", "B", "S", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is necessary for life on Earth?\nA. trees\nB. soil\nS. water\nY. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3494}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008960", "question": "During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?", "choices": {"text": ["in the same direction", "in a vertical direction", "in a downward direction", "in the opposite direction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?\nA. in the same direction\nB. in a vertical direction\nC. in a downward direction\nD. in the opposite direction\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?", "choices": {"text": ["in a vertical direction", "in a downward direction", "in the opposite direction", "in the same direction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?\nA. in a vertical direction\nB. in a downward direction\nC. in the opposite direction\nD. in the same direction\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?", "choices": {"text": ["in the same direction", "in a vertical direction", "in a downward direction", "in the opposite direction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?\n1. in the same direction\n2. in a vertical direction\n3. in a downward direction\n4. in the opposite direction\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?", "choices": {"text": ["in the same direction", "in a vertical direction", "in a downward direction", "in the opposite direction"], "label": ["W", "R", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?\nW. in the same direction\nR. in a vertical direction\nX. in a downward direction\nM. in the opposite direction\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?", "choices": {"text": ["in a vertical direction", "in a downward direction", "in the opposite direction", "in the same direction"], "label": ["W", "R", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a collision, a seat belt slows the speed of a crash dummy. What is the direction of the net force exerted by the seat belt compared to the direction of the crash dummy's motion?\nW. in a vertical direction\nR. in a downward direction\nX. in the opposite direction\nM. in the same direction\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3495}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2010_8_13", "question": "By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?", "choices": {"text": ["eroding the land by tilling", "overproducing food crops", "removing weeds from crops", "spraying plants with pesticides"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?\nA. eroding the land by tilling\nB. overproducing food crops\nC. removing weeds from crops\nD. spraying plants with pesticides\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?", "choices": {"text": ["spraying plants with pesticides", "overproducing food crops", "removing weeds from crops", "eroding the land by tilling"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?\nA. spraying plants with pesticides\nB. overproducing food crops\nC. removing weeds from crops\nD. eroding the land by tilling\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?", "choices": {"text": ["eroding the land by tilling", "overproducing food crops", "removing weeds from crops", "spraying plants with pesticides"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?\n1. eroding the land by tilling\n2. overproducing food crops\n3. removing weeds from crops\n4. spraying plants with pesticides\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?", "choices": {"text": ["eroding the land by tilling", "overproducing food crops", "removing weeds from crops", "spraying plants with pesticides"], "label": ["E", "N", "Q", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?\nE. eroding the land by tilling\nN. overproducing food crops\nQ. removing weeds from crops\nC. spraying plants with pesticides\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?", "choices": {"text": ["spraying plants with pesticides", "overproducing food crops", "removing weeds from crops", "eroding the land by tilling"], "label": ["E", "N", "Q", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: By inserting a gene into crop plants, scientists have developed plants that are resistant to insects. If an insect eats the plant, the insect dies. Which practice is unnecessary with this new plant variety?\nE. spraying plants with pesticides\nN. overproducing food crops\nQ. removing weeds from crops\nC. eroding the land by tilling\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3496}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409595", "question": "As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear", "magnetic", "chemical", "mechanical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?\nA. nuclear\nB. magnetic\nC. chemical\nD. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "nuclear", "magnetic", "mechanical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?\nA. chemical\nB. nuclear\nC. magnetic\nD. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear", "magnetic", "chemical", "mechanical"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?\n1. nuclear\n2. magnetic\n3. chemical\n4. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear", "magnetic", "chemical", "mechanical"], "label": ["L", "S", "V", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?\nL. nuclear\nS. magnetic\nV. chemical\nD. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "nuclear", "magnetic", "mechanical"], "label": ["L", "S", "V", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As wood in a campfire burns, it releases heat and becomes ash. What kind of change occurs in the wood when it burns and releases heat?\nL. chemical\nS. nuclear\nV. magnetic\nD. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3497}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_8_3", "question": "Which statement is an inference?", "choices": {"text": ["A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F.", "A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.", "Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.", "A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement is an inference?\nA. A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F.\nB. A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.\nC. Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.\nD. A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement is an inference?", "choices": {"text": ["A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.", "Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.", "A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west.", "A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement is an inference?\nA. A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.\nB. Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.\nC. A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west.\nD. A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement is an inference?", "choices": {"text": ["A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F.", "A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.", "Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.", "A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement is an inference?\n1. A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F.\n2. A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.\n3. Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.\n4. A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement is an inference?", "choices": {"text": ["A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F.", "A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.", "Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.", "A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west."], "label": ["A", "I", "D", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement is an inference?\nA. A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F.\nI. A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.\nD. Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.\nV. A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement is an inference?", "choices": {"text": ["A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.", "Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.", "A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west.", "A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F."], "label": ["A", "I", "D", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement is an inference?\nA. A mineral sample of galena produced a gray-black streak when tested.\nI. Based on previous data, ten hurricanes may occur in the year 2013.\nD. A weather vane indicates the wind is coming from the west.\nV. A thermometer shows that the air temperature is 56°F.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3498}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008383", "question": "Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "transpiration", "evaporation", "precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?\nA. condensation\nB. transpiration\nC. evaporation\nD. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["transpiration", "evaporation", "precipitation", "condensation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?\nA. transpiration\nB. evaporation\nC. precipitation\nD. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "transpiration", "evaporation", "precipitation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?\n1. condensation\n2. transpiration\n3. evaporation\n4. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "transpiration", "evaporation", "precipitation"], "label": ["O", "Y", "L", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?\nO. condensation\nY. transpiration\nL. evaporation\nN. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["transpiration", "evaporation", "precipitation", "condensation"], "label": ["O", "Y", "L", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process moves water from the oceans to the atmosphere?\nO. transpiration\nY. evaporation\nL. precipitation\nN. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3499}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7248150", "question": "At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["microtubule organization of spindle fibers", "DNA synthesis of spindle protein", "membrane transport of spindle fibers", "RNA synthesis of spindle protein"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?\nA. microtubule organization of spindle fibers\nB. DNA synthesis of spindle protein\nC. membrane transport of spindle fibers\nD. RNA synthesis of spindle protein\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["DNA synthesis of spindle protein", "microtubule organization of spindle fibers", "membrane transport of spindle fibers", "RNA synthesis of spindle protein"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?\nA. DNA synthesis of spindle protein\nB. microtubule organization of spindle fibers\nC. membrane transport of spindle fibers\nD. RNA synthesis of spindle protein\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["microtubule organization of spindle fibers", "DNA synthesis of spindle protein", "membrane transport of spindle fibers", "RNA synthesis of spindle protein"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?\n1. microtubule organization of spindle fibers\n2. DNA synthesis of spindle protein\n3. membrane transport of spindle fibers\n4. RNA synthesis of spindle protein\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["microtubule organization of spindle fibers", "DNA synthesis of spindle protein", "membrane transport of spindle fibers", "RNA synthesis of spindle protein"], "label": ["C", "E", "M", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?\nC. microtubule organization of spindle fibers\nE. DNA synthesis of spindle protein\nM. membrane transport of spindle fibers\nS. RNA synthesis of spindle protein\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["DNA synthesis of spindle protein", "microtubule organization of spindle fibers", "membrane transport of spindle fibers", "RNA synthesis of spindle protein"], "label": ["C", "E", "M", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: At concentrations of 0.1-1 µg/ml colchicine, a natural plant product, can cause the mitotic arrest of dividing cells at metaphase through disrupting the spindle apparatus. Colchicine interferes with which of these cell functions during cell division?\nC. DNA synthesis of spindle protein\nE. microtubule organization of spindle fibers\nM. membrane transport of spindle fibers\nS. RNA synthesis of spindle protein\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3500}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_401240", "question": "Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of", "choices": {"text": ["behavioral trait.", "a learned trait.", "an inherited trait.", "an instinctive trait."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of\nA. behavioral trait.\nB. a learned trait.\nC. an inherited trait.\nD. an instinctive trait.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of", "choices": {"text": ["behavioral trait.", "an inherited trait.", "an instinctive trait.", "a learned trait."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of\nA. behavioral trait.\nB. an inherited trait.\nC. an instinctive trait.\nD. a learned trait.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of", "choices": {"text": ["behavioral trait.", "a learned trait.", "an inherited trait.", "an instinctive trait."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of\n1. behavioral trait.\n2. a learned trait.\n3. an inherited trait.\n4. an instinctive trait.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of", "choices": {"text": ["behavioral trait.", "a learned trait.", "an inherited trait.", "an instinctive trait."], "label": ["V", "S", "R", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of\nV. behavioral trait.\nS. a learned trait.\nR. an inherited trait.\nU. an instinctive trait.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of", "choices": {"text": ["behavioral trait.", "an inherited trait.", "an instinctive trait.", "a learned trait."], "label": ["V", "S", "R", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most species of ducks have webbed feet. The webbed feet are an example of\nV. behavioral trait.\nS. an inherited trait.\nR. an instinctive trait.\nU. a learned trait.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3501}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_30", "question": "On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?", "choices": {"text": ["March 21", "June 21", "September 21", "December 21"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?\nA. March 21\nB. June 21\nC. September 21\nD. December 21\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?", "choices": {"text": ["December 21", "September 21", "June 21", "March 21"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?\nA. December 21\nB. September 21\nC. June 21\nD. March 21\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?", "choices": {"text": ["March 21", "June 21", "September 21", "December 21"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?\n1. March 21\n2. June 21\n3. September 21\n4. December 21\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?", "choices": {"text": ["March 21", "June 21", "September 21", "December 21"], "label": ["N", "O", "S", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?\nN. March 21\nO. June 21\nS. September 21\nB. December 21\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?", "choices": {"text": ["December 21", "September 21", "June 21", "March 21"], "label": ["N", "O", "S", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: On which date does North America usually experience the longest period of daylight?\nN. December 21\nO. September 21\nS. June 21\nB. March 21\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3502}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_4_pg102", "question": "What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "gravity", "air resistance", "the push from your hand"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?\nA. magnetism\nB. gravity\nC. air resistance\nD. the push from your hand\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?", "choices": {"text": ["the push from your hand", "air resistance", "magnetism", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?\nA. the push from your hand\nB. air resistance\nC. magnetism\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "gravity", "air resistance", "the push from your hand"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?\n1. magnetism\n2. gravity\n3. air resistance\n4. the push from your hand\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "gravity", "air resistance", "the push from your hand"], "label": ["P", "G", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?\nP. magnetism\nG. gravity\nE. air resistance\nV. the push from your hand\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?", "choices": {"text": ["the push from your hand", "air resistance", "magnetism", "gravity"], "label": ["P", "G", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes an object to fall to the ground when you let it drop from your hand?\nP. the push from your hand\nG. air resistance\nE. magnetism\nV. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3503}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400693", "question": "The phases of the Moon are caused by the", "choices": {"text": ["tilt of the Earth.", "tilt of the Moon.", "revolution of the Earth around the Sun.", "revolution of the Moon around the Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The phases of the Moon are caused by the\nA. tilt of the Earth.\nB. tilt of the Moon.\nC. revolution of the Earth around the Sun.\nD. revolution of the Moon around the Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The phases of the Moon are caused by the", "choices": {"text": ["revolution of the Moon around the Earth.", "tilt of the Moon.", "tilt of the Earth.", "revolution of the Earth around the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The phases of the Moon are caused by the\nA. revolution of the Moon around the Earth.\nB. tilt of the Moon.\nC. tilt of the Earth.\nD. revolution of the Earth around the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The phases of the Moon are caused by the", "choices": {"text": ["tilt of the Earth.", "tilt of the Moon.", "revolution of the Earth around the Sun.", "revolution of the Moon around the Earth."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The phases of the Moon are caused by the\n1. tilt of the Earth.\n2. tilt of the Moon.\n3. revolution of the Earth around the Sun.\n4. revolution of the Moon around the Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The phases of the Moon are caused by the", "choices": {"text": ["tilt of the Earth.", "tilt of the Moon.", "revolution of the Earth around the Sun.", "revolution of the Moon around the Earth."], "label": ["K", "E", "T", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The phases of the Moon are caused by the\nK. tilt of the Earth.\nE. tilt of the Moon.\nT. revolution of the Earth around the Sun.\nB. revolution of the Moon around the Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The phases of the Moon are caused by the", "choices": {"text": ["revolution of the Moon around the Earth.", "tilt of the Moon.", "tilt of the Earth.", "revolution of the Earth around the Sun."], "label": ["K", "E", "T", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The phases of the Moon are caused by the\nK. revolution of the Moon around the Earth.\nE. tilt of the Moon.\nT. tilt of the Earth.\nB. revolution of the Earth around the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3504}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7168140", "question": "One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?", "choices": {"text": ["respiratory", "circulatory", "muscular", "digestive"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?\nA. respiratory\nB. circulatory\nC. muscular\nD. digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "respiratory", "muscular"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?\nA. circulatory\nB. digestive\nC. respiratory\nD. muscular\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?", "choices": {"text": ["respiratory", "circulatory", "muscular", "digestive"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?\n1. respiratory\n2. circulatory\n3. muscular\n4. digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?", "choices": {"text": ["respiratory", "circulatory", "muscular", "digestive"], "label": ["T", "J", "G", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?\nT. respiratory\nJ. circulatory\nG. muscular\nW. digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "respiratory", "muscular"], "label": ["T", "J", "G", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: One system of the human body works along with the skeletal system by assisting movement and maintaining posture. Which system is being described?\nT. circulatory\nJ. digestive\nG. respiratory\nW. muscular\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3505}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_175963", "question": "The discovery of penicillin helped in the", "choices": {"text": ["treatment of infections.", "healing of bones.", "discovery of viruses.", "search for diseases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The discovery of penicillin helped in the\nA. treatment of infections.\nB. healing of bones.\nC. discovery of viruses.\nD. search for diseases.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The discovery of penicillin helped in the", "choices": {"text": ["healing of bones.", "search for diseases.", "treatment of infections.", "discovery of viruses."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The discovery of penicillin helped in the\nA. healing of bones.\nB. search for diseases.\nC. treatment of infections.\nD. discovery of viruses.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The discovery of penicillin helped in the", "choices": {"text": ["treatment of infections.", "healing of bones.", "discovery of viruses.", "search for diseases."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The discovery of penicillin helped in the\n1. treatment of infections.\n2. healing of bones.\n3. discovery of viruses.\n4. search for diseases.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The discovery of penicillin helped in the", "choices": {"text": ["treatment of infections.", "healing of bones.", "discovery of viruses.", "search for diseases."], "label": ["J", "R", "K", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: The discovery of penicillin helped in the\nJ. treatment of infections.\nR. healing of bones.\nK. discovery of viruses.\nN. search for diseases.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The discovery of penicillin helped in the", "choices": {"text": ["healing of bones.", "search for diseases.", "treatment of infections.", "discovery of viruses."], "label": ["J", "R", "K", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: The discovery of penicillin helped in the\nJ. healing of bones.\nR. search for diseases.\nK. treatment of infections.\nN. discovery of viruses.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3506}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_15", "question": "When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become", "choices": {"text": ["extinct", "dominant", "diverse", "overpopulated"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become\nA. extinct\nB. dominant\nC. diverse\nD. overpopulated\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become", "choices": {"text": ["dominant", "extinct", "diverse", "overpopulated"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become\nA. dominant\nB. extinct\nC. diverse\nD. overpopulated\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become", "choices": {"text": ["extinct", "dominant", "diverse", "overpopulated"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become\n1. extinct\n2. dominant\n3. diverse\n4. overpopulated\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become", "choices": {"text": ["extinct", "dominant", "diverse", "overpopulated"], "label": ["J", "Y", "N", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become\nJ. extinct\nY. dominant\nN. diverse\nR. overpopulated\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become", "choices": {"text": ["dominant", "extinct", "diverse", "overpopulated"], "label": ["J", "Y", "N", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the environment changes more quickly than a species can adapt, the species may become\nJ. dominant\nY. extinct\nN. diverse\nR. overpopulated\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3507}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400676", "question": "A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?", "choices": {"text": ["cool, rainy fall weather", "cold, snowy winter weather", "hot, sunny summer weather", "spring weather with flowers blooming"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?\nA. cool, rainy fall weather\nB. cold, snowy winter weather\nC. hot, sunny summer weather\nD. spring weather with flowers blooming\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?", "choices": {"text": ["hot, sunny summer weather", "cold, snowy winter weather", "spring weather with flowers blooming", "cool, rainy fall weather"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?\nA. hot, sunny summer weather\nB. cold, snowy winter weather\nC. spring weather with flowers blooming\nD. cool, rainy fall weather\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?", "choices": {"text": ["cool, rainy fall weather", "cold, snowy winter weather", "hot, sunny summer weather", "spring weather with flowers blooming"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?\n1. cool, rainy fall weather\n2. cold, snowy winter weather\n3. hot, sunny summer weather\n4. spring weather with flowers blooming\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?", "choices": {"text": ["cool, rainy fall weather", "cold, snowy winter weather", "hot, sunny summer weather", "spring weather with flowers blooming"], "label": ["Y", "D", "J", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?\nY. cool, rainy fall weather\nD. cold, snowy winter weather\nJ. hot, sunny summer weather\nH. spring weather with flowers blooming\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?", "choices": {"text": ["hot, sunny summer weather", "cold, snowy winter weather", "spring weather with flowers blooming", "cool, rainy fall weather"], "label": ["Y", "D", "J", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student hears on the radio that the outside temperature is 32°C. What type of weather will the student most likely expect when she steps outside?\nY. hot, sunny summer weather\nD. cold, snowy winter weather\nJ. spring weather with flowers blooming\nH. cool, rainy fall weather\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3508}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7007683", "question": "Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?", "choices": {"text": ["electrons", "protons", "neutrons", "molecules"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?\nA. electrons\nB. protons\nC. neutrons\nD. molecules\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?", "choices": {"text": ["molecules", "protons", "electrons", "neutrons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?\nA. molecules\nB. protons\nC. electrons\nD. neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?", "choices": {"text": ["electrons", "protons", "neutrons", "molecules"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?\n1. electrons\n2. protons\n3. neutrons\n4. molecules\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?", "choices": {"text": ["electrons", "protons", "neutrons", "molecules"], "label": ["P", "N", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?\nP. electrons\nN. protons\nA. neutrons\nD. molecules\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?", "choices": {"text": ["molecules", "protons", "electrons", "neutrons"], "label": ["P", "N", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?\nP. molecules\nN. protons\nA. electrons\nD. neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3509}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2004_4_10258", "question": "What is one way people are helping the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut.", "They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.", "They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.", "They are using their cars more to get to places faster."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is one way people are helping the environment?\nA. They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut.\nB. They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.\nC. They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.\nD. They are using their cars more to get to places faster.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is one way people are helping the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.", "They are using their cars more to get to places faster.", "They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.", "They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is one way people are helping the environment?\nA. They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.\nB. They are using their cars more to get to places faster.\nC. They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.\nD. They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is one way people are helping the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut.", "They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.", "They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.", "They are using their cars more to get to places faster."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is one way people are helping the environment?\n1. They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut.\n2. They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.\n3. They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.\n4. They are using their cars more to get to places faster.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is one way people are helping the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut.", "They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.", "They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.", "They are using their cars more to get to places faster."], "label": ["P", "Y", "Q", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is one way people are helping the environment?\nP. They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut.\nY. They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.\nQ. They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.\nO. They are using their cars more to get to places faster.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is one way people are helping the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.", "They are using their cars more to get to places faster.", "They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.", "They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut."], "label": ["P", "Y", "Q", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is one way people are helping the environment?\nP. They are building more roads so more people can see natural areas.\nY. They are using their cars more to get to places faster.\nQ. They are building more dumps to hold the trash we create.\nO. They are planting trees to replace the ones that are cut.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3510}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7268153", "question": "What is the function of hollow bones in birds?", "choices": {"text": ["to streamline birds for efficient flight", "to reduce the weight of birds for flight", "to store oxygen for high-altitude flight", "to make bones strong enough for flight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the function of hollow bones in birds?\nA. to streamline birds for efficient flight\nB. to reduce the weight of birds for flight\nC. to store oxygen for high-altitude flight\nD. to make bones strong enough for flight\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the function of hollow bones in birds?", "choices": {"text": ["to store oxygen for high-altitude flight", "to make bones strong enough for flight", "to streamline birds for efficient flight", "to reduce the weight of birds for flight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the function of hollow bones in birds?\nA. to store oxygen for high-altitude flight\nB. to make bones strong enough for flight\nC. to streamline birds for efficient flight\nD. to reduce the weight of birds for flight\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the function of hollow bones in birds?", "choices": {"text": ["to streamline birds for efficient flight", "to reduce the weight of birds for flight", "to store oxygen for high-altitude flight", "to make bones strong enough for flight"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the function of hollow bones in birds?\n1. to streamline birds for efficient flight\n2. to reduce the weight of birds for flight\n3. to store oxygen for high-altitude flight\n4. to make bones strong enough for flight\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the function of hollow bones in birds?", "choices": {"text": ["to streamline birds for efficient flight", "to reduce the weight of birds for flight", "to store oxygen for high-altitude flight", "to make bones strong enough for flight"], "label": ["N", "A", "S", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the function of hollow bones in birds?\nN. to streamline birds for efficient flight\nA. to reduce the weight of birds for flight\nS. to store oxygen for high-altitude flight\nH. to make bones strong enough for flight\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the function of hollow bones in birds?", "choices": {"text": ["to store oxygen for high-altitude flight", "to make bones strong enough for flight", "to streamline birds for efficient flight", "to reduce the weight of birds for flight"], "label": ["N", "A", "S", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the function of hollow bones in birds?\nN. to store oxygen for high-altitude flight\nA. to make bones strong enough for flight\nS. to streamline birds for efficient flight\nH. to reduce the weight of birds for flight\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3511}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_LBS10795", "question": "A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?", "choices": {"text": ["0.025", "10", "19.5", "40"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?\nA. 0.025\nB. 10\nC. 19.5\nD. 40\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?", "choices": {"text": ["0.025", "40", "19.5", "10"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?\nA. 0.025\nB. 40\nC. 19.5\nD. 10\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?", "choices": {"text": ["0.025", "10", "19.5", "40"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?\n1. 0.025\n2. 10\n3. 19.5\n4. 40\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?", "choices": {"text": ["0.025", "10", "19.5", "40"], "label": ["O", "X", "W", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?\nO. 0.025\nX. 10\nW. 19.5\nT. 40\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?", "choices": {"text": ["0.025", "40", "19.5", "10"], "label": ["O", "X", "W", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A screwdriver is used to pry the lid off a paint can. The resistance arm is 0.5 centimeters. The effort arm is 20 centimeters. What is the mechanical advantage of the screwdriver?\nO. 0.025\nX. 40\nW. 19.5\nT. 10\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3512}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7176208", "question": "Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?", "choices": {"text": ["to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production", "to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body", "to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy", "to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?\nA. to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production\nB. to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body\nC. to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy\nD. to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?", "choices": {"text": ["to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production", "to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy", "to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body", "to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?\nA. to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production\nB. to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy\nC. to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body\nD. to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?", "choices": {"text": ["to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production", "to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body", "to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy", "to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?\n1. to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production\n2. to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body\n3. to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy\n4. to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?", "choices": {"text": ["to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production", "to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body", "to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy", "to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body"], "label": ["W", "K", "E", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?\nW. to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production\nK. to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body\nE. to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy\nO. to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?", "choices": {"text": ["to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production", "to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy", "to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body", "to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body"], "label": ["W", "K", "E", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?\nW. to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production\nK. to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy\nE. to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body\nO. to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3513}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7206063", "question": "The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the", "choices": {"text": ["atmospheric nitrogen is low.", "vegetation is sparse.", "days are longest.", "humidity is high."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the\nA. atmospheric nitrogen is low.\nB. vegetation is sparse.\nC. days are longest.\nD. humidity is high.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the", "choices": {"text": ["days are longest.", "humidity is high.", "vegetation is sparse.", "atmospheric nitrogen is low."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the\nA. days are longest.\nB. humidity is high.\nC. vegetation is sparse.\nD. atmospheric nitrogen is low.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the", "choices": {"text": ["atmospheric nitrogen is low.", "vegetation is sparse.", "days are longest.", "humidity is high."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the\n1. atmospheric nitrogen is low.\n2. vegetation is sparse.\n3. days are longest.\n4. humidity is high.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the", "choices": {"text": ["atmospheric nitrogen is low.", "vegetation is sparse.", "days are longest.", "humidity is high."], "label": ["I", "X", "T", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the\nI. atmospheric nitrogen is low.\nX. vegetation is sparse.\nT. days are longest.\nJ. humidity is high.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the", "choices": {"text": ["days are longest.", "humidity is high.", "vegetation is sparse.", "atmospheric nitrogen is low."], "label": ["I", "X", "T", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: The climate of an area would be expected to have the least fluctuations in temperatures where the\nI. days are longest.\nX. humidity is high.\nT. vegetation is sparse.\nJ. atmospheric nitrogen is low.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3514}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415028", "question": "Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?", "choices": {"text": ["to find mates", "to find shelter", "to escape predators", "to find water and food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?\nA. to find mates\nB. to find shelter\nC. to escape predators\nD. to find water and food\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?", "choices": {"text": ["to find shelter", "to find water and food", "to find mates", "to escape predators"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?\nA. to find shelter\nB. to find water and food\nC. to find mates\nD. to escape predators\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?", "choices": {"text": ["to find mates", "to find shelter", "to escape predators", "to find water and food"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?\n1. to find mates\n2. to find shelter\n3. to escape predators\n4. to find water and food\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?", "choices": {"text": ["to find mates", "to find shelter", "to escape predators", "to find water and food"], "label": ["Q", "X", "L", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?\nQ. to find mates\nX. to find shelter\nL. to escape predators\nZ. to find water and food\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?", "choices": {"text": ["to find shelter", "to find water and food", "to find mates", "to escape predators"], "label": ["Q", "X", "L", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why would animals most likely have to leave an area during a drought?\nQ. to find shelter\nX. to find water and food\nL. to find mates\nZ. to escape predators\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3515}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400471", "question": "Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon monoxide (CO)", "nitrogen oxide (NO)", "methane (CH_{4})", "ozone (O_{3})"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?\nA. carbon monoxide (CO)\nB. nitrogen oxide (NO)\nC. methane (CH_{4})\nD. ozone (O_{3})\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon monoxide (CO)", "ozone (O_{3})", "methane (CH_{4})", "nitrogen oxide (NO)"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?\nA. carbon monoxide (CO)\nB. ozone (O_{3})\nC. methane (CH_{4})\nD. nitrogen oxide (NO)\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon monoxide (CO)", "nitrogen oxide (NO)", "methane (CH_{4})", "ozone (O_{3})"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?\n1. carbon monoxide (CO)\n2. nitrogen oxide (NO)\n3. methane (CH_{4})\n4. ozone (O_{3})\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon monoxide (CO)", "nitrogen oxide (NO)", "methane (CH_{4})", "ozone (O_{3})"], "label": ["C", "D", "B", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?\nC. carbon monoxide (CO)\nD. nitrogen oxide (NO)\nB. methane (CH_{4})\nN. ozone (O_{3})\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon monoxide (CO)", "ozone (O_{3})", "methane (CH_{4})", "nitrogen oxide (NO)"], "label": ["C", "D", "B", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Secondary pollutants are produced in the environment by chemical reactions involving primary or emitted chemicals. Which of the following is a secondary pollutant?\nC. carbon monoxide (CO)\nD. ozone (O_{3})\nB. methane (CH_{4})\nN. nitrogen oxide (NO)\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3516}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7072625", "question": "The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is", "choices": {"text": ["unicellular.", "multicellular.", "part of a bacterial colony.", "able to function independently."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is\nA. unicellular.\nB. multicellular.\nC. part of a bacterial colony.\nD. able to function independently.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is", "choices": {"text": ["able to function independently.", "part of a bacterial colony.", "unicellular.", "multicellular."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is\nA. able to function independently.\nB. part of a bacterial colony.\nC. unicellular.\nD. multicellular.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is", "choices": {"text": ["unicellular.", "multicellular.", "part of a bacterial colony.", "able to function independently."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is\n1. unicellular.\n2. multicellular.\n3. part of a bacterial colony.\n4. able to function independently.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is", "choices": {"text": ["unicellular.", "multicellular.", "part of a bacterial colony.", "able to function independently."], "label": ["T", "Z", "C", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is\nT. unicellular.\nZ. multicellular.\nC. part of a bacterial colony.\nO. able to function independently.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is", "choices": {"text": ["able to function independently.", "part of a bacterial colony.", "unicellular.", "multicellular."], "label": ["T", "Z", "C", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is\nT. able to function independently.\nZ. part of a bacterial colony.\nC. unicellular.\nO. multicellular.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3517}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_5_25", "question": "A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "friction", "attraction", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.\nA. balance\nB. friction\nC. attraction\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.", "choices": {"text": ["attraction", "balance", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.\nA. attraction\nB. balance\nC. friction\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "friction", "attraction", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.\n1. balance\n2. friction\n3. attraction\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "friction", "attraction", "magnetism"], "label": ["P", "N", "G", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.\nP. balance\nN. friction\nG. attraction\nS. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.", "choices": {"text": ["attraction", "balance", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["P", "N", "G", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops because of ___.\nP. attraction\nN. balance\nG. friction\nS. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3518}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_410275", "question": "One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?", "choices": {"text": ["The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.", "The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.", "The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.", "The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?\nA. The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.\nB. The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.\nC. The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.\nD. The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?", "choices": {"text": ["The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.", "The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.", "The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.", "The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?\nA. The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.\nB. The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.\nC. The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.\nD. The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?", "choices": {"text": ["The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.", "The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.", "The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.", "The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?\n1. The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.\n2. The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.\n3. The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.\n4. The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?", "choices": {"text": ["The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.", "The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.", "The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.", "The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges."], "label": ["S", "V", "K", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?\nS. The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.\nV. The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.\nK. The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.\nI. The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?", "choices": {"text": ["The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.", "The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.", "The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.", "The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges."], "label": ["S", "V", "K", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: One student rubs a balloon against his hair several times. Another student passes a comb through her hair several times. The students place the comb near the balloon and observe that the comb repels the balloon. Which is the most likely reason the comb is able to repel the balloon?\nS. The balloon has a negative charge and the comb is neutral.\nV. The balloon has a positive charge and the comb is neutral.\nK. The balloon and the comb have the same electrical charge.\nI. The balloon and the comb have opposite electrical charges.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3519}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415413", "question": "How is weather related to climate?", "choices": {"text": ["Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.", "Climate describes the weather of a large area.", "Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate.", "Weather describes the climate of a large area."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is weather related to climate?\nA. Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.\nB. Climate describes the weather of a large area.\nC. Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate.\nD. Weather describes the climate of a large area.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How is weather related to climate?", "choices": {"text": ["Weather describes the climate of a large area.", "Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.", "Climate describes the weather of a large area.", "Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is weather related to climate?\nA. Weather describes the climate of a large area.\nB. Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.\nC. Climate describes the weather of a large area.\nD. Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How is weather related to climate?", "choices": {"text": ["Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.", "Climate describes the weather of a large area.", "Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate.", "Weather describes the climate of a large area."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is weather related to climate?\n1. Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.\n2. Climate describes the weather of a large area.\n3. Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate.\n4. Weather describes the climate of a large area.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How is weather related to climate?", "choices": {"text": ["Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.", "Climate describes the weather of a large area.", "Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate.", "Weather describes the climate of a large area."], "label": ["T", "O", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is weather related to climate?\nT. Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.\nO. Climate describes the weather of a large area.\nN. Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate.\nK. Weather describes the climate of a large area.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How is weather related to climate?", "choices": {"text": ["Weather describes the climate of a large area.", "Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.", "Climate describes the weather of a large area.", "Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate."], "label": ["T", "O", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is weather related to climate?\nT. Weather describes the climate of a large area.\nO. Climate is the long-term average of a region's weather.\nN. Climate describes the weather of a large area.\nK. Weather is the long-term average of a region's climate.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3520}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_4_pg34", "question": "Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?", "choices": {"text": ["Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.", "Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.", "Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve.", "Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?\nA. Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.\nB. Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.\nC. Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve.\nD. Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?", "choices": {"text": ["Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.", "Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings.", "Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.", "Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?\nA. Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.\nB. Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings.\nC. Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.\nD. Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?", "choices": {"text": ["Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.", "Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.", "Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve.", "Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?\n1. Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.\n2. Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.\n3. Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve.\n4. Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?", "choices": {"text": ["Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.", "Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.", "Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve.", "Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings."], "label": ["I", "G", "J", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?\nI. Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.\nG. Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.\nJ. Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve.\nD. Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?", "choices": {"text": ["Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.", "Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings.", "Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.", "Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve."], "label": ["I", "G", "J", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Katie has a mixture of iron filings and sand. She wants to separate them. How can she do this?\nI. Add water to the mixture, and the sand will dissolve in the water.\nG. Pass a magnet over the mixture, and the magnet will attract the iron fillings.\nJ. Shake the mixture, and the iron filings will rise to the surface.\nD. Put the mixture through a sieve, and the sand will remain in the sieve.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3521}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_17", "question": "Which process is common to most living things?", "choices": {"text": ["flying", "talking", "seeing", "reproducing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is common to most living things?\nA. flying\nB. talking\nC. seeing\nD. reproducing\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is common to most living things?", "choices": {"text": ["seeing", "reproducing", "flying", "talking"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is common to most living things?\nA. seeing\nB. reproducing\nC. flying\nD. talking\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is common to most living things?", "choices": {"text": ["flying", "talking", "seeing", "reproducing"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is common to most living things?\n1. flying\n2. talking\n3. seeing\n4. reproducing\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is common to most living things?", "choices": {"text": ["flying", "talking", "seeing", "reproducing"], "label": ["Z", "P", "C", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is common to most living things?\nZ. flying\nP. talking\nC. seeing\nT. reproducing\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is common to most living things?", "choices": {"text": ["seeing", "reproducing", "flying", "talking"], "label": ["Z", "P", "C", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is common to most living things?\nZ. seeing\nP. reproducing\nC. flying\nT. talking\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3522}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7016853", "question": "The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?", "choices": {"text": ["compass", "protractor", "meter stick", "spring scale"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?\nA. compass\nB. protractor\nC. meter stick\nD. spring scale\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?", "choices": {"text": ["spring scale", "compass", "meter stick", "protractor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?\nA. spring scale\nB. compass\nC. meter stick\nD. protractor\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?", "choices": {"text": ["compass", "protractor", "meter stick", "spring scale"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?\n1. compass\n2. protractor\n3. meter stick\n4. spring scale\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?", "choices": {"text": ["compass", "protractor", "meter stick", "spring scale"], "label": ["J", "B", "Z", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?\nJ. compass\nB. protractor\nZ. meter stick\nH. spring scale\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?", "choices": {"text": ["spring scale", "compass", "meter stick", "protractor"], "label": ["J", "B", "Z", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: The angle of a ramp is changed several times during an experiment. Which tool is needed to measure the different angles?\nJ. spring scale\nB. compass\nZ. meter stick\nH. protractor\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3523}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401817", "question": "All of these are examples of observation and measurement except", "choices": {"text": ["charting where birds fly.", "attracting birds with birdseed.", "counting the number of birds that fly by.", "illustrating the different birds that fly by."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of these are examples of observation and measurement except\nA. charting where birds fly.\nB. attracting birds with birdseed.\nC. counting the number of birds that fly by.\nD. illustrating the different birds that fly by.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All of these are examples of observation and measurement except", "choices": {"text": ["counting the number of birds that fly by.", "illustrating the different birds that fly by.", "attracting birds with birdseed.", "charting where birds fly."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of these are examples of observation and measurement except\nA. counting the number of birds that fly by.\nB. illustrating the different birds that fly by.\nC. attracting birds with birdseed.\nD. charting where birds fly.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All of these are examples of observation and measurement except", "choices": {"text": ["charting where birds fly.", "attracting birds with birdseed.", "counting the number of birds that fly by.", "illustrating the different birds that fly by."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of these are examples of observation and measurement except\n1. charting where birds fly.\n2. attracting birds with birdseed.\n3. counting the number of birds that fly by.\n4. illustrating the different birds that fly by.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of these are examples of observation and measurement except", "choices": {"text": ["charting where birds fly.", "attracting birds with birdseed.", "counting the number of birds that fly by.", "illustrating the different birds that fly by."], "label": ["W", "A", "G", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of these are examples of observation and measurement except\nW. charting where birds fly.\nA. attracting birds with birdseed.\nG. counting the number of birds that fly by.\nB. illustrating the different birds that fly by.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of these are examples of observation and measurement except", "choices": {"text": ["counting the number of birds that fly by.", "illustrating the different birds that fly by.", "attracting birds with birdseed.", "charting where birds fly."], "label": ["W", "A", "G", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of these are examples of observation and measurement except\nW. counting the number of birds that fly by.\nA. illustrating the different birds that fly by.\nG. attracting birds with birdseed.\nB. charting where birds fly.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3524}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2007_5_51", "question": "The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?", "choices": {"text": ["people fishing from a boat", "children playing in the ocean waves", "children digging holes along the sand dunes", "people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?\nA. people fishing from a boat\nB. children playing in the ocean waves\nC. children digging holes along the sand dunes\nD. people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?", "choices": {"text": ["children digging holes along the sand dunes", "people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes", "people fishing from a boat", "children playing in the ocean waves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?\nA. children digging holes along the sand dunes\nB. people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes\nC. people fishing from a boat\nD. children playing in the ocean waves\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?", "choices": {"text": ["people fishing from a boat", "children playing in the ocean waves", "children digging holes along the sand dunes", "people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?\n1. people fishing from a boat\n2. children playing in the ocean waves\n3. children digging holes along the sand dunes\n4. people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?", "choices": {"text": ["people fishing from a boat", "children playing in the ocean waves", "children digging holes along the sand dunes", "people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes"], "label": ["A", "P", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?\nA. people fishing from a boat\nP. children playing in the ocean waves\nI. children digging holes along the sand dunes\nT. people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?", "choices": {"text": ["children digging holes along the sand dunes", "people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes", "people fishing from a boat", "children playing in the ocean waves"], "label": ["A", "P", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: The piping plover is a bird that builds its nest on sand dunes along the Atlantic Ocean. Which of these actions most likely damages the nests of the piping plover?\nA. children digging holes along the sand dunes\nP. people walking on a sidewalk along the sand dunes\nI. people fishing from a boat\nT. children playing in the ocean waves\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3525}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2010_7_17", "question": "Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?", "choices": {"text": ["Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.", "Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.", "Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.", "Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?\nA. Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.\nB. Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.\nC. Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.\nD. Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?", "choices": {"text": ["Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.", "Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.", "Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter.", "Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?\nA. Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.\nB. Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.\nC. Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter.\nD. Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?", "choices": {"text": ["Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.", "Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.", "Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.", "Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?\n1. Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.\n2. Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.\n3. Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.\n4. Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?", "choices": {"text": ["Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.", "Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.", "Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.", "Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter."], "label": ["Z", "D", "K", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?\nZ. Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.\nD. Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.\nK. Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.\nB. Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?", "choices": {"text": ["Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.", "Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.", "Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter.", "Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often."], "label": ["Z", "D", "K", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an effect that cities have on the weather?\nZ. Small areas of open water cause fog to be more common.\nD. Large numbers of houses cause the wind to be stronger.\nK. Large areas of pavement cause the temperature to be hotter.\nB. Small numbers of plants cause rain to fall more often.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3526}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008155", "question": "A \"shooting star\" is", "choices": {"text": ["a comet.", "a meteor.", "an asteroid.", "a small star."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A \"shooting star\" is\nA. a comet.\nB. a meteor.\nC. an asteroid.\nD. a small star.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A \"shooting star\" is", "choices": {"text": ["a meteor.", "a comet.", "an asteroid.", "a small star."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A \"shooting star\" is\nA. a meteor.\nB. a comet.\nC. an asteroid.\nD. a small star.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A \"shooting star\" is", "choices": {"text": ["a comet.", "a meteor.", "an asteroid.", "a small star."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A \"shooting star\" is\n1. a comet.\n2. a meteor.\n3. an asteroid.\n4. a small star.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A \"shooting star\" is", "choices": {"text": ["a comet.", "a meteor.", "an asteroid.", "a small star."], "label": ["M", "O", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A \"shooting star\" is\nM. a comet.\nO. a meteor.\nR. an asteroid.\nH. a small star.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A \"shooting star\" is", "choices": {"text": ["a meteor.", "a comet.", "an asteroid.", "a small star."], "label": ["M", "O", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A \"shooting star\" is\nM. a meteor.\nO. a comet.\nR. an asteroid.\nH. a small star.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3527}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_19", "question": "Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?", "choices": {"text": ["carnivore", "herbivore", "decomposer", "producer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?\nA. carnivore\nB. herbivore\nC. decomposer\nD. producer\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?", "choices": {"text": ["herbivore", "decomposer", "carnivore", "producer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?\nA. herbivore\nB. decomposer\nC. carnivore\nD. producer\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?", "choices": {"text": ["carnivore", "herbivore", "decomposer", "producer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?\n1. carnivore\n2. herbivore\n3. decomposer\n4. producer\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?", "choices": {"text": ["carnivore", "herbivore", "decomposer", "producer"], "label": ["Q", "A", "U", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?\nQ. carnivore\nA. herbivore\nU. decomposer\nK. producer\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?", "choices": {"text": ["herbivore", "decomposer", "carnivore", "producer"], "label": ["Q", "A", "U", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of organism converts wastes and dead materials into nutrients that can be used by plants?\nQ. herbivore\nA. decomposer\nU. carnivore\nK. producer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3528}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7148208", "question": "Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.", "The small size of cells keeps reactants together.", "The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.", "The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?\nA. The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.\nB. The small size of cells keeps reactants together.\nC. The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.\nD. The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["The small size of cells keeps reactants together.", "The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell.", "The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.", "The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?\nA. The small size of cells keeps reactants together.\nB. The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell.\nC. The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.\nD. The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.", "The small size of cells keeps reactants together.", "The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.", "The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?\n1. The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.\n2. The small size of cells keeps reactants together.\n3. The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.\n4. The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.", "The small size of cells keeps reactants together.", "The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.", "The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell."], "label": ["X", "G", "J", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?\nX. The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.\nG. The small size of cells keeps reactants together.\nJ. The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.\nW. The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["The small size of cells keeps reactants together.", "The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell.", "The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.", "The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate."], "label": ["X", "G", "J", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biochemical reactions that require high temperatures to proceed are able to take place at body temperature within the cells of living organisms. Which factor is mainly responsible for allowing biochemical reactions to proceed at body temperature?\nX. The small size of cells keeps reactants together.\nG. The reactants are present in small quantities in the cell.\nJ. The cellular enzymes act as catalysts.\nW. The pH of the cytoplasm increases reaction rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3529}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400709", "question": "Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?\nA. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.\nB. Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.\nC. Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.\nD. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?\nA. Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.\nB. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.\nC. Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.\nD. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?\n1. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.\n2. Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.\n3. Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.\n4. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth."], "label": ["O", "Y", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?\nO. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.\nY. Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.\nN. Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.\nK. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.", "Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.", "Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth."], "label": ["O", "Y", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best compares gravity on the Moon to gravity on Earth?\nO. Gravity on the Moon is less because it is smaller than the Earth.\nY. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it is closer to the Sun.\nN. Gravity on the Moon is less because it has less atmosphere than the Earth.\nK. Gravity on the Moon is greater because it has less mass than the Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3530}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_412755", "question": "An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was", "choices": {"text": ["10 mL.", "20 mL.", "30 mL.", "40 mL."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was\nA. 10 mL.\nB. 20 mL.\nC. 30 mL.\nD. 40 mL.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was", "choices": {"text": ["10 mL.", "40 mL.", "20 mL.", "30 mL."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was\nA. 10 mL.\nB. 40 mL.\nC. 20 mL.\nD. 30 mL.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was", "choices": {"text": ["10 mL.", "20 mL.", "30 mL.", "40 mL."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was\n1. 10 mL.\n2. 20 mL.\n3. 30 mL.\n4. 40 mL.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was", "choices": {"text": ["10 mL.", "20 mL.", "30 mL.", "40 mL."], "label": ["P", "J", "Y", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was\nP. 10 mL.\nJ. 20 mL.\nY. 30 mL.\nV. 40 mL.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was", "choices": {"text": ["10 mL.", "40 mL.", "20 mL.", "30 mL."], "label": ["P", "J", "Y", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: An enclosed 20 mL metal cylinder was filled with a gas sample at room temperature. The sample then was transferred to an empty 40 mL enclosed container, also at room temperature. After being transferred, the volume of the gas was\nP. 10 mL.\nJ. 40 mL.\nY. 20 mL.\nV. 30 mL.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3531}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401331", "question": "Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of", "choices": {"text": ["physical changes.", "chemical changes.", "magnetic changes.", "electrical changes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of\nA. physical changes.\nB. chemical changes.\nC. magnetic changes.\nD. electrical changes.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic changes.", "physical changes.", "electrical changes.", "chemical changes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of\nA. magnetic changes.\nB. physical changes.\nC. electrical changes.\nD. chemical changes.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of", "choices": {"text": ["physical changes.", "chemical changes.", "magnetic changes.", "electrical changes."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of\n1. physical changes.\n2. chemical changes.\n3. magnetic changes.\n4. electrical changes.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of", "choices": {"text": ["physical changes.", "chemical changes.", "magnetic changes.", "electrical changes."], "label": ["V", "E", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of\nV. physical changes.\nE. chemical changes.\nX. magnetic changes.\nM. electrical changes.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic changes.", "physical changes.", "electrical changes.", "chemical changes."], "label": ["V", "E", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Melting, boiling, and freezing are examples of\nV. magnetic changes.\nE. physical changes.\nX. electrical changes.\nM. chemical changes.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3532}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_3", "question": "There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "light", "sound", "mechanical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?\nA. heat\nB. light\nC. sound\nD. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical", "heat", "sound", "light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?\nA. mechanical\nB. heat\nC. sound\nD. light\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "light", "sound", "mechanical"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?\n1. heat\n2. light\n3. sound\n4. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "light", "sound", "mechanical"], "label": ["O", "I", "G", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?\nO. heat\nI. light\nG. sound\nC. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical", "heat", "sound", "light"], "label": ["O", "I", "G", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: There is a shadow under a tree. Which form of energy must be present for the shadow to occur?\nO. mechanical\nI. heat\nG. sound\nC. light\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3533}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_413002", "question": "Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?", "choices": {"text": ["earthquake", "erosion", "flooding", "weathering"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?\nA. earthquake\nB. erosion\nC. flooding\nD. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "earthquake", "weathering", "flooding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?\nA. erosion\nB. earthquake\nC. weathering\nD. flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?", "choices": {"text": ["earthquake", "erosion", "flooding", "weathering"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?\n1. earthquake\n2. erosion\n3. flooding\n4. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?", "choices": {"text": ["earthquake", "erosion", "flooding", "weathering"], "label": ["K", "V", "G", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?\nK. earthquake\nV. erosion\nG. flooding\nO. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "earthquake", "weathering", "flooding"], "label": ["K", "V", "G", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seismometers measure quick changes that happen in the crust of our planet. Which of the following is a seismometer used to measure?\nK. erosion\nV. earthquake\nG. weathering\nO. flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3534}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7042630", "question": "In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?", "choices": {"text": ["mining", "farming", "transportation", "manufacturing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?\nA. mining\nB. farming\nC. transportation\nD. manufacturing\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?", "choices": {"text": ["manufacturing", "transportation", "mining", "farming"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?\nA. manufacturing\nB. transportation\nC. mining\nD. farming\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?", "choices": {"text": ["mining", "farming", "transportation", "manufacturing"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?\n1. mining\n2. farming\n3. transportation\n4. manufacturing\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?", "choices": {"text": ["mining", "farming", "transportation", "manufacturing"], "label": ["F", "W", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?\nF. mining\nW. farming\nI. transportation\nL. manufacturing\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?", "choices": {"text": ["manufacturing", "transportation", "mining", "farming"], "label": ["F", "W", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: In some lakes, excessive blooms of algae appear when human activity causes degradation of water quality resulting in conditions more favorable for algae growth. Which human activity primarily causes this problem?\nF. manufacturing\nW. transportation\nI. mining\nL. farming\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3535}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2003_5_10", "question": "Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?", "choices": {"text": ["remove earthworms", "add more water to the soil", "increase the amount of pesticide he uses", "mix decomposed plant matter into the soil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?\nA. remove earthworms\nB. add more water to the soil\nC. increase the amount of pesticide he uses\nD. mix decomposed plant matter into the soil\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?", "choices": {"text": ["mix decomposed plant matter into the soil", "increase the amount of pesticide he uses", "add more water to the soil", "remove earthworms"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?\nA. mix decomposed plant matter into the soil\nB. increase the amount of pesticide he uses\nC. add more water to the soil\nD. remove earthworms\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?", "choices": {"text": ["remove earthworms", "add more water to the soil", "increase the amount of pesticide he uses", "mix decomposed plant matter into the soil"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?\n1. remove earthworms\n2. add more water to the soil\n3. increase the amount of pesticide he uses\n4. mix decomposed plant matter into the soil\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?", "choices": {"text": ["remove earthworms", "add more water to the soil", "increase the amount of pesticide he uses", "mix decomposed plant matter into the soil"], "label": ["Z", "G", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?\nZ. remove earthworms\nG. add more water to the soil\nM. increase the amount of pesticide he uses\nX. mix decomposed plant matter into the soil\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?", "choices": {"text": ["mix decomposed plant matter into the soil", "increase the amount of pesticide he uses", "add more water to the soil", "remove earthworms"], "label": ["Z", "G", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Drake has started a garden. What can Drake do to enrich the soil so that his plants will grow better?\nZ. mix decomposed plant matter into the soil\nG. increase the amount of pesticide he uses\nM. add more water to the soil\nX. remove earthworms\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3536}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_4_pg105", "question": "Which of these objects will rust?", "choices": {"text": ["wood chips", "plastic straws", "iron nails", "glass beads"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these objects will rust?\nA. wood chips\nB. plastic straws\nC. iron nails\nD. glass beads\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these objects will rust?", "choices": {"text": ["iron nails", "wood chips", "glass beads", "plastic straws"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these objects will rust?\nA. iron nails\nB. wood chips\nC. glass beads\nD. plastic straws\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these objects will rust?", "choices": {"text": ["wood chips", "plastic straws", "iron nails", "glass beads"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these objects will rust?\n1. wood chips\n2. plastic straws\n3. iron nails\n4. glass beads\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these objects will rust?", "choices": {"text": ["wood chips", "plastic straws", "iron nails", "glass beads"], "label": ["Z", "Q", "K", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these objects will rust?\nZ. wood chips\nQ. plastic straws\nK. iron nails\nE. glass beads\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these objects will rust?", "choices": {"text": ["iron nails", "wood chips", "glass beads", "plastic straws"], "label": ["Z", "Q", "K", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these objects will rust?\nZ. iron nails\nQ. wood chips\nK. glass beads\nE. plastic straws\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3537}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_13", "question": "Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?", "choices": {"text": ["pink", "black", "white", "yellow"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?\nA. pink\nB. black\nC. white\nD. yellow\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?", "choices": {"text": ["black", "yellow", "white", "pink"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?\nA. black\nB. yellow\nC. white\nD. pink\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?", "choices": {"text": ["pink", "black", "white", "yellow"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?\n1. pink\n2. black\n3. white\n4. yellow\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?", "choices": {"text": ["pink", "black", "white", "yellow"], "label": ["E", "G", "A", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?\nE. pink\nG. black\nA. white\nU. yellow\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?", "choices": {"text": ["black", "yellow", "white", "pink"], "label": ["E", "G", "A", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which color baseball cap would absorb the most light on a sunny day?\nE. black\nG. yellow\nA. white\nU. pink\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3538}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7024203", "question": "Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and muscle", "muscle and endocrine", "nervous and digestive", "reproductive and circulatory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?\nA. nervous and muscle\nB. muscle and endocrine\nC. nervous and digestive\nD. reproductive and circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and digestive", "nervous and muscle", "muscle and endocrine", "reproductive and circulatory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?\nA. nervous and digestive\nB. nervous and muscle\nC. muscle and endocrine\nD. reproductive and circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and muscle", "muscle and endocrine", "nervous and digestive", "reproductive and circulatory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?\n1. nervous and muscle\n2. muscle and endocrine\n3. nervous and digestive\n4. reproductive and circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and muscle", "muscle and endocrine", "nervous and digestive", "reproductive and circulatory"], "label": ["Z", "V", "E", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?\nZ. nervous and muscle\nV. muscle and endocrine\nE. nervous and digestive\nC. reproductive and circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous and digestive", "nervous and muscle", "muscle and endocrine", "reproductive and circulatory"], "label": ["Z", "V", "E", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body systems are most involved in the response when someone stubs his or her toe?\nZ. nervous and digestive\nV. nervous and muscle\nE. muscle and endocrine\nC. reproductive and circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3539}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7007543", "question": "Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?", "choices": {"text": ["wavelength", "magnitude", "amplitude", "frequency"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?\nA. wavelength\nB. magnitude\nC. amplitude\nD. frequency\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?", "choices": {"text": ["wavelength", "frequency", "magnitude", "amplitude"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?\nA. wavelength\nB. frequency\nC. magnitude\nD. amplitude\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?", "choices": {"text": ["wavelength", "magnitude", "amplitude", "frequency"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?\n1. wavelength\n2. magnitude\n3. amplitude\n4. frequency\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?", "choices": {"text": ["wavelength", "magnitude", "amplitude", "frequency"], "label": ["R", "G", "E", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?\nR. wavelength\nG. magnitude\nE. amplitude\nQ. frequency\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?", "choices": {"text": ["wavelength", "frequency", "magnitude", "amplitude"], "label": ["R", "G", "E", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of a sound wave measures loudness?\nR. wavelength\nG. frequency\nE. magnitude\nQ. amplitude\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3540}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7241255", "question": "Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?", "choices": {"text": ["action potential", "resting potential", "refractory period", "threshold period"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?\nA. action potential\nB. resting potential\nC. refractory period\nD. threshold period\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?", "choices": {"text": ["refractory period", "threshold period", "action potential", "resting potential"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?\nA. refractory period\nB. threshold period\nC. action potential\nD. resting potential\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?", "choices": {"text": ["action potential", "resting potential", "refractory period", "threshold period"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?\n1. action potential\n2. resting potential\n3. refractory period\n4. threshold period\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?", "choices": {"text": ["action potential", "resting potential", "refractory period", "threshold period"], "label": ["I", "L", "Q", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?\nI. action potential\nL. resting potential\nQ. refractory period\nG. threshold period\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?", "choices": {"text": ["refractory period", "threshold period", "action potential", "resting potential"], "label": ["I", "L", "Q", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit impulses to coordinate body functions. Which of these indicates the rapid change in the membrane potential when a neuron is stimulated?\nI. refractory period\nL. threshold period\nQ. action potential\nG. resting potential\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3541}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7222408", "question": "Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another", "choices": {"text": ["are called insulators.", "are called conductors.", "are called non-metals.", "are called resistors."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another\nA. are called insulators.\nB. are called conductors.\nC. are called non-metals.\nD. are called resistors.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another", "choices": {"text": ["are called non-metals.", "are called insulators.", "are called resistors.", "are called conductors."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another\nA. are called non-metals.\nB. are called insulators.\nC. are called resistors.\nD. are called conductors.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another", "choices": {"text": ["are called insulators.", "are called conductors.", "are called non-metals.", "are called resistors."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another\n1. are called insulators.\n2. are called conductors.\n3. are called non-metals.\n4. are called resistors.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another", "choices": {"text": ["are called insulators.", "are called conductors.", "are called non-metals.", "are called resistors."], "label": ["B", "I", "S", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another\nB. are called insulators.\nI. are called conductors.\nS. are called non-metals.\nV. are called resistors.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another", "choices": {"text": ["are called non-metals.", "are called insulators.", "are called resistors.", "are called conductors."], "label": ["B", "I", "S", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Materials that let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another\nB. are called non-metals.\nI. are called insulators.\nS. are called resistors.\nV. are called conductors.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3542}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7016240", "question": "Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?", "choices": {"text": ["wearing protective clothing and goggles", "keeping the window open", "closing the door to the hall", "using bright fluorescent lights"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?\nA. wearing protective clothing and goggles\nB. keeping the window open\nC. closing the door to the hall\nD. using bright fluorescent lights\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?", "choices": {"text": ["keeping the window open", "wearing protective clothing and goggles", "using bright fluorescent lights", "closing the door to the hall"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?\nA. keeping the window open\nB. wearing protective clothing and goggles\nC. using bright fluorescent lights\nD. closing the door to the hall\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?", "choices": {"text": ["wearing protective clothing and goggles", "keeping the window open", "closing the door to the hall", "using bright fluorescent lights"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?\n1. wearing protective clothing and goggles\n2. keeping the window open\n3. closing the door to the hall\n4. using bright fluorescent lights\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?", "choices": {"text": ["wearing protective clothing and goggles", "keeping the window open", "closing the door to the hall", "using bright fluorescent lights"], "label": ["Y", "K", "U", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?\nY. wearing protective clothing and goggles\nK. keeping the window open\nU. closing the door to the hall\nD. using bright fluorescent lights\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?", "choices": {"text": ["keeping the window open", "wearing protective clothing and goggles", "using bright fluorescent lights", "closing the door to the hall"], "label": ["Y", "K", "U", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most important safety measure to follow when using an acid in a classroom laboratory?\nY. keeping the window open\nK. wearing protective clothing and goggles\nU. using bright fluorescent lights\nD. closing the door to the hall\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3543}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_8_pg57", "question": "In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because", "choices": {"text": ["the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low", "the temperature on the Moon is too low", "there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through", "the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because\nA. the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low\nB. the temperature on the Moon is too low\nC. there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through\nD. the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because", "choices": {"text": ["the temperature on the Moon is too low", "the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound", "the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low", "there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because\nA. the temperature on the Moon is too low\nB. the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound\nC. the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low\nD. there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because", "choices": {"text": ["the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low", "the temperature on the Moon is too low", "there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through", "the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because\n1. the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low\n2. the temperature on the Moon is too low\n3. there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through\n4. the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because", "choices": {"text": ["the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low", "the temperature on the Moon is too low", "there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through", "the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound"], "label": ["Q", "K", "V", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because\nQ. the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low\nK. the temperature on the Moon is too low\nV. there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through\nN. the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because", "choices": {"text": ["the temperature on the Moon is too low", "the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound", "the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low", "there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through"], "label": ["Q", "K", "V", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a deep valley on Earth, a person shouting will hear an echo as the sound is reflected back off the surrounding mountains. In a similar valley on the Moon, no echo will be heard. This is because\nQ. the temperature on the Moon is too low\nK. the mountains on the Moon cannot reflect sound\nV. the gravitational pull on the Moon is too low\nN. there is no air on the Moon for the sound to travel through\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3544}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2007_8_23", "question": "The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?", "choices": {"text": ["a change in the direction of the car", "a change in the distance the car travels", "the change in velocity divided by the time for that change", "the change in the time for the car to travel a distance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?\nA. a change in the direction of the car\nB. a change in the distance the car travels\nC. the change in velocity divided by the time for that change\nD. the change in the time for the car to travel a distance\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?", "choices": {"text": ["the change in the time for the car to travel a distance", "the change in velocity divided by the time for that change", "a change in the distance the car travels", "a change in the direction of the car"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?\nA. the change in the time for the car to travel a distance\nB. the change in velocity divided by the time for that change\nC. a change in the distance the car travels\nD. a change in the direction of the car\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?", "choices": {"text": ["a change in the direction of the car", "a change in the distance the car travels", "the change in velocity divided by the time for that change", "the change in the time for the car to travel a distance"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?\n1. a change in the direction of the car\n2. a change in the distance the car travels\n3. the change in velocity divided by the time for that change\n4. the change in the time for the car to travel a distance\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?", "choices": {"text": ["a change in the direction of the car", "a change in the distance the car travels", "the change in velocity divided by the time for that change", "the change in the time for the car to travel a distance"], "label": ["Y", "W", "M", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?\nY. a change in the direction of the car\nW. a change in the distance the car travels\nM. the change in velocity divided by the time for that change\nS. the change in the time for the car to travel a distance\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?", "choices": {"text": ["the change in the time for the car to travel a distance", "the change in velocity divided by the time for that change", "a change in the distance the car travels", "a change in the direction of the car"], "label": ["Y", "W", "M", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The motion of a car accelerating in a straight line differs from the motion of a car moving in a straight line at a constant speed. Which change best describes acceleration of a car?\nY. the change in the time for the car to travel a distance\nW. the change in velocity divided by the time for that change\nM. a change in the distance the car travels\nS. a change in the direction of the car\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3545}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2016_5_3", "question": "During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?", "choices": {"text": ["sunset", "afternoon", "sunrise", "night"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?\nA. sunset\nB. afternoon\nC. sunrise\nD. night\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?", "choices": {"text": ["sunset", "sunrise", "night", "afternoon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?\nA. sunset\nB. sunrise\nC. night\nD. afternoon\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?", "choices": {"text": ["sunset", "afternoon", "sunrise", "night"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?\n1. sunset\n2. afternoon\n3. sunrise\n4. night\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?", "choices": {"text": ["sunset", "afternoon", "sunrise", "night"], "label": ["T", "M", "N", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?\nT. sunset\nM. afternoon\nN. sunrise\nZ. night\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?", "choices": {"text": ["sunset", "sunrise", "night", "afternoon"], "label": ["T", "M", "N", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: During which time of day are the highest temperatures most often recorded?\nT. sunset\nM. sunrise\nN. night\nZ. afternoon\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3546}
{"arc_id": "MEAP_2005_5_16", "question": "When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.", "choices": {"text": ["worms", "cocoons", "caterpillars", "little butterflies"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.\nA. worms\nB. cocoons\nC. caterpillars\nD. little butterflies\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.", "choices": {"text": ["worms", "caterpillars", "little butterflies", "cocoons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.\nA. worms\nB. caterpillars\nC. little butterflies\nD. cocoons\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.", "choices": {"text": ["worms", "cocoons", "caterpillars", "little butterflies"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.\n1. worms\n2. cocoons\n3. caterpillars\n4. little butterflies\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.", "choices": {"text": ["worms", "cocoons", "caterpillars", "little butterflies"], "label": ["B", "F", "D", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.\nB. worms\nF. cocoons\nD. caterpillars\nT. little butterflies\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.", "choices": {"text": ["worms", "caterpillars", "little butterflies", "cocoons"], "label": ["B", "F", "D", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: When butterfly eggs hatch, the young are called ___.\nB. worms\nF. caterpillars\nD. little butterflies\nT. cocoons\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3547}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7009818", "question": "Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved", "choices": {"text": ["the quality of food.", "the prediction of weather.", "the availability of medication.", "the effectiveness of vaccinations."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved\nA. the quality of food.\nB. the prediction of weather.\nC. the availability of medication.\nD. the effectiveness of vaccinations.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved", "choices": {"text": ["the prediction of weather.", "the effectiveness of vaccinations.", "the availability of medication.", "the quality of food."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved\nA. the prediction of weather.\nB. the effectiveness of vaccinations.\nC. the availability of medication.\nD. the quality of food.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved", "choices": {"text": ["the quality of food.", "the prediction of weather.", "the availability of medication.", "the effectiveness of vaccinations."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved\n1. the quality of food.\n2. the prediction of weather.\n3. the availability of medication.\n4. the effectiveness of vaccinations.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved", "choices": {"text": ["the quality of food.", "the prediction of weather.", "the availability of medication.", "the effectiveness of vaccinations."], "label": ["X", "F", "Q", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved\nX. the quality of food.\nF. the prediction of weather.\nQ. the availability of medication.\nJ. the effectiveness of vaccinations.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved", "choices": {"text": ["the prediction of weather.", "the effectiveness of vaccinations.", "the availability of medication.", "the quality of food."], "label": ["X", "F", "Q", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Louis Pasteur's work in the nineteenth century on pasteurization greatly improved\nX. the prediction of weather.\nF. the effectiveness of vaccinations.\nQ. the availability of medication.\nJ. the quality of food.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3548}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_5_22", "question": "An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?", "choices": {"text": ["by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by trying to crawl out of the pan"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?\nA. by burrowing under the soil\nB. by crawling around in the pan\nC. by staying where it was placed\nD. by trying to crawl out of the pan\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?", "choices": {"text": ["by trying to crawl out of the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?\nA. by trying to crawl out of the pan\nB. by staying where it was placed\nC. by burrowing under the soil\nD. by crawling around in the pan\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?", "choices": {"text": ["by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by trying to crawl out of the pan"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?\n1. by burrowing under the soil\n2. by crawling around in the pan\n3. by staying where it was placed\n4. by trying to crawl out of the pan\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?", "choices": {"text": ["by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by trying to crawl out of the pan"], "label": ["U", "F", "Y", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?\nU. by burrowing under the soil\nF. by crawling around in the pan\nY. by staying where it was placed\nQ. by trying to crawl out of the pan\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?", "choices": {"text": ["by trying to crawl out of the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan"], "label": ["U", "F", "Y", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?\nU. by trying to crawl out of the pan\nF. by staying where it was placed\nY. by burrowing under the soil\nQ. by crawling around in the pan\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3549}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2007_7_27", "question": "What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?", "choices": {"text": ["inner core", "outer core", "mesosphere", "asthenosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?\nA. inner core\nB. outer core\nC. mesosphere\nD. asthenosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?", "choices": {"text": ["outer core", "mesosphere", "inner core", "asthenosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?\nA. outer core\nB. mesosphere\nC. inner core\nD. asthenosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?", "choices": {"text": ["inner core", "outer core", "mesosphere", "asthenosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?\n1. inner core\n2. outer core\n3. mesosphere\n4. asthenosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?", "choices": {"text": ["inner core", "outer core", "mesosphere", "asthenosphere"], "label": ["Z", "F", "U", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?\nZ. inner core\nF. outer core\nU. mesosphere\nT. asthenosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?", "choices": {"text": ["outer core", "mesosphere", "inner core", "asthenosphere"], "label": ["Z", "F", "U", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the liquid layer of Earth that lies beneath the mantle?\nZ. outer core\nF. mesosphere\nU. inner core\nT. asthenosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3550}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2008_5_25", "question": "Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?", "choices": {"text": ["air pollution", "land pollution", "noise pollution", "water pollution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?\nA. air pollution\nB. land pollution\nC. noise pollution\nD. water pollution\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?", "choices": {"text": ["water pollution", "air pollution", "land pollution", "noise pollution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?\nA. water pollution\nB. air pollution\nC. land pollution\nD. noise pollution\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?", "choices": {"text": ["air pollution", "land pollution", "noise pollution", "water pollution"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?\n1. air pollution\n2. land pollution\n3. noise pollution\n4. water pollution\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?", "choices": {"text": ["air pollution", "land pollution", "noise pollution", "water pollution"], "label": ["F", "A", "C", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?\nF. air pollution\nA. land pollution\nC. noise pollution\nW. water pollution\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?", "choices": {"text": ["water pollution", "air pollution", "land pollution", "noise pollution"], "label": ["F", "A", "C", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Burning fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and gasoline produces pollution. Which type of pollution is most often produced by burning fossil fuels?\nF. water pollution\nA. air pollution\nC. land pollution\nW. noise pollution\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3551}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_1995_8_L5", "question": "When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to", "choices": {"text": ["frighten away other types of birds", "mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird", "attract insects", "wake up other animals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to\nA. frighten away other types of birds\nB. mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird\nC. attract insects\nD. wake up other animals\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to", "choices": {"text": ["mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird", "attract insects", "wake up other animals", "frighten away other types of birds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to\nA. mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird\nB. attract insects\nC. wake up other animals\nD. frighten away other types of birds\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to", "choices": {"text": ["frighten away other types of birds", "mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird", "attract insects", "wake up other animals"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to\n1. frighten away other types of birds\n2. mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird\n3. attract insects\n4. wake up other animals\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to", "choices": {"text": ["frighten away other types of birds", "mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird", "attract insects", "wake up other animals"], "label": ["I", "R", "F", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to\nI. frighten away other types of birds\nR. mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird\nF. attract insects\nP. wake up other animals\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to", "choices": {"text": ["mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird", "attract insects", "wake up other animals", "frighten away other types of birds"], "label": ["I", "R", "F", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a bird sings, it is most likely singing in order to\nI. mark the bird's territory against the same type of bird\nR. attract insects\nF. wake up other animals\nP. frighten away other types of birds\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3552}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7217438", "question": "Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?", "choices": {"text": ["beach erosion", "ozone depletion", "overfishing", "air pollution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?\nA. beach erosion\nB. ozone depletion\nC. overfishing\nD. air pollution\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?", "choices": {"text": ["air pollution", "beach erosion", "overfishing", "ozone depletion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?\nA. air pollution\nB. beach erosion\nC. overfishing\nD. ozone depletion\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?", "choices": {"text": ["beach erosion", "ozone depletion", "overfishing", "air pollution"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?\n1. beach erosion\n2. ozone depletion\n3. overfishing\n4. air pollution\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?", "choices": {"text": ["beach erosion", "ozone depletion", "overfishing", "air pollution"], "label": ["S", "K", "C", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?\nS. beach erosion\nK. ozone depletion\nC. overfishing\nW. air pollution\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?", "choices": {"text": ["air pollution", "beach erosion", "overfishing", "ozone depletion"], "label": ["S", "K", "C", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal is used for generating about 53% of the electrical energy in the United States. Which of these environmental issues is directly contributed to by the burning of coal?\nS. air pollution\nK. beach erosion\nC. overfishing\nW. ozone depletion\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3553}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_411809", "question": "Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand", "choices": {"text": ["compounds", "mixtures", "solutions", "elements"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand\nA. compounds\nB. mixtures\nC. solutions\nD. elements\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand", "choices": {"text": ["compounds", "solutions", "mixtures", "elements"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand\nA. compounds\nB. solutions\nC. mixtures\nD. elements\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand", "choices": {"text": ["compounds", "mixtures", "solutions", "elements"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand\n1. compounds\n2. mixtures\n3. solutions\n4. elements\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand", "choices": {"text": ["compounds", "mixtures", "solutions", "elements"], "label": ["E", "L", "S", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand\nE. compounds\nL. mixtures\nS. solutions\nZ. elements\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand", "choices": {"text": ["compounds", "solutions", "mixtures", "elements"], "label": ["E", "L", "S", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term correctly describes all of the following materials? salt water, vinegar, bronze, air, beach sand\nE. compounds\nL. solutions\nS. mixtures\nZ. elements\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3554}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7188213", "question": "Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?", "choices": {"text": ["The death rate was greater than the birth rate.", "There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.", "The birth rate was constant and few moose died.", "There were no predators to control the population."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?\nA. The death rate was greater than the birth rate.\nB. There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.\nC. The birth rate was constant and few moose died.\nD. There were no predators to control the population.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?", "choices": {"text": ["The death rate was greater than the birth rate.", "The birth rate was constant and few moose died.", "There were no predators to control the population.", "There was unlimited food for the moose to eat."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?\nA. The death rate was greater than the birth rate.\nB. The birth rate was constant and few moose died.\nC. There were no predators to control the population.\nD. There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?", "choices": {"text": ["The death rate was greater than the birth rate.", "There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.", "The birth rate was constant and few moose died.", "There were no predators to control the population."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?\n1. The death rate was greater than the birth rate.\n2. There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.\n3. The birth rate was constant and few moose died.\n4. There were no predators to control the population.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?", "choices": {"text": ["The death rate was greater than the birth rate.", "There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.", "The birth rate was constant and few moose died.", "There were no predators to control the population."], "label": ["I", "C", "V", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?\nI. The death rate was greater than the birth rate.\nC. There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.\nV. The birth rate was constant and few moose died.\nH. There were no predators to control the population.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?", "choices": {"text": ["The death rate was greater than the birth rate.", "The birth rate was constant and few moose died.", "There were no predators to control the population.", "There was unlimited food for the moose to eat."], "label": ["I", "C", "V", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Isle Royale is a large island in Lake Superior. During the 1800s, most of the trees were removed, and the wolves and moose that lived on the island died. In the early 1900s, moose were reintroduced to the island. By 1925, the moose population on Isle Royale rose to about 2,000 individuals. Which best explains how the moose population grew so rapidly?\nI. The death rate was greater than the birth rate.\nC. The birth rate was constant and few moose died.\nV. There were no predators to control the population.\nH. There was unlimited food for the moose to eat.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3555}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401800", "question": "Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["seas", "craters", "thunderstorms", "atmosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?\nA. seas\nB. craters\nC. thunderstorms\nD. atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["atmosphere", "thunderstorms", "seas", "craters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?\nA. atmosphere\nB. thunderstorms\nC. seas\nD. craters\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["seas", "craters", "thunderstorms", "atmosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?\n1. seas\n2. craters\n3. thunderstorms\n4. atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["seas", "craters", "thunderstorms", "atmosphere"], "label": ["F", "U", "E", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?\nF. seas\nU. craters\nE. thunderstorms\nD. atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["atmosphere", "thunderstorms", "seas", "craters"], "label": ["F", "U", "E", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a characteristic Earth and the Moon have in common?\nF. atmosphere\nU. thunderstorms\nE. seas\nD. craters\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3556}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406273", "question": "As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?\nA. electricity\nB. friction\nC. gravity\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "friction", "electricity", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?\nA. magnetism\nB. friction\nC. electricity\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?\n1. electricity\n2. friction\n3. gravity\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["T", "J", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?\nT. electricity\nJ. friction\nR. gravity\nH. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "friction", "electricity", "gravity"], "label": ["T", "J", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: As Bobby entered a dark room, he pushed the switch on the wall to turn on the light. What makes the light turn on when Bobby pushes the switch?\nT. magnetism\nJ. friction\nR. electricity\nH. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3557}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_7", "question": "Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "endocrine", "excretory", "reproductive"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?\nA. circulatory\nB. endocrine\nC. excretory\nD. reproductive\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "excretory", "reproductive", "endocrine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?\nA. circulatory\nB. excretory\nC. reproductive\nD. endocrine\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "endocrine", "excretory", "reproductive"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?\n1. circulatory\n2. endocrine\n3. excretory\n4. reproductive\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "endocrine", "excretory", "reproductive"], "label": ["T", "W", "Q", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?\nT. circulatory\nW. endocrine\nQ. excretory\nN. reproductive\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "excretory", "reproductive", "endocrine"], "label": ["T", "W", "Q", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system eliminates liquid and gaseous wastes from the body?\nT. circulatory\nW. excretory\nQ. reproductive\nN. endocrine\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3558}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7174668", "question": "When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?", "choices": {"text": ["the revolution of Earth around the Sun", "the uneven heating between the land and water", "the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere", "the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?\nA. the revolution of Earth around the Sun\nB. the uneven heating between the land and water\nC. the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere\nD. the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?", "choices": {"text": ["the uneven heating between the land and water", "the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere", "the revolution of Earth around the Sun", "the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?\nA. the uneven heating between the land and water\nB. the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere\nC. the revolution of Earth around the Sun\nD. the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?", "choices": {"text": ["the revolution of Earth around the Sun", "the uneven heating between the land and water", "the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere", "the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?\n1. the revolution of Earth around the Sun\n2. the uneven heating between the land and water\n3. the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere\n4. the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?", "choices": {"text": ["the revolution of Earth around the Sun", "the uneven heating between the land and water", "the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere", "the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern"], "label": ["A", "Q", "N", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?\nA. the revolution of Earth around the Sun\nQ. the uneven heating between the land and water\nN. the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere\nP. the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?", "choices": {"text": ["the uneven heating between the land and water", "the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere", "the revolution of Earth around the Sun", "the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern"], "label": ["A", "Q", "N", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When visiting the beach, Felicity observed that a breeze blew in from the ocean during the day and out toward the ocean at night. Which factor is most responsible for the direction of land and sea breezes in coastal regions?\nA. the uneven heating between the land and water\nQ. the gravitational pull of Earth on the atmosphere\nN. the revolution of Earth around the Sun\nP. the daily rise and fall of tides in a regular pattern\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3559}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_16", "question": "Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells", "circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system", "digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system", "circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?\nA. digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells\nB. circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system\nC. digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system\nD. circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells", "circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system", "digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system", "digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?\nA. circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells\nB. circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system\nC. digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system\nD. digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells", "circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system", "digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system", "circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?\n1. digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells\n2. circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system\n3. digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system\n4. circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells", "circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system", "digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system", "circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells"], "label": ["C", "J", "R", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?\nC. digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells\nJ. circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system\nR. digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system\nI. circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells", "circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system", "digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system", "digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells"], "label": ["C", "J", "R", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which pathway do most nutrients take after a person takes a bite of food?\nC. circulatory system -> digestive system -> body cells\nJ. circulatory system -> body cells -> digestive system\nR. digestive system -> body cells -> circulatory system\nI. digestive system -> circulatory system -> body cells\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3560}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_5_33", "question": "Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles", "choices": {"text": ["heat up.", "cool down.", "slow down.", "vibrate."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles\nA. heat up.\nB. cool down.\nC. slow down.\nD. vibrate.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles", "choices": {"text": ["slow down.", "vibrate.", "heat up.", "cool down."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles\nA. slow down.\nB. vibrate.\nC. heat up.\nD. cool down.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles", "choices": {"text": ["heat up.", "cool down.", "slow down.", "vibrate."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles\n1. heat up.\n2. cool down.\n3. slow down.\n4. vibrate.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles", "choices": {"text": ["heat up.", "cool down.", "slow down.", "vibrate."], "label": ["E", "Z", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles\nE. heat up.\nZ. cool down.\nL. slow down.\nC. vibrate.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles", "choices": {"text": ["slow down.", "vibrate.", "heat up.", "cool down."], "label": ["E", "Z", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sound reaches our ears because sound makes air particles\nE. slow down.\nZ. vibrate.\nL. heat up.\nC. cool down.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3561}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7056648", "question": "Which event is an example of conduction?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.", "Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.", "A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.", "Cold water is heated in a microwave oven."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event is an example of conduction?\nA. Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.\nB. Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.\nC. A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.\nD. Cold water is heated in a microwave oven.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event is an example of conduction?", "choices": {"text": ["Cold water is heated in a microwave oven.", "Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.", "Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.", "A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event is an example of conduction?\nA. Cold water is heated in a microwave oven.\nB. Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.\nC. Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.\nD. A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event is an example of conduction?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.", "Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.", "A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.", "Cold water is heated in a microwave oven."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event is an example of conduction?\n1. Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.\n2. Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.\n3. A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.\n4. Cold water is heated in a microwave oven.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event is an example of conduction?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.", "Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.", "A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.", "Cold water is heated in a microwave oven."], "label": ["V", "O", "H", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event is an example of conduction?\nV. Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.\nO. Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.\nH. A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.\nK. Cold water is heated in a microwave oven.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event is an example of conduction?", "choices": {"text": ["Cold water is heated in a microwave oven.", "Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.", "Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.", "A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room."], "label": ["V", "O", "H", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event is an example of conduction?\nV. Cold water is heated in a microwave oven.\nO. Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.\nH. Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.\nK. A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3562}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_43", "question": "Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical", "chemical", "nuclear", "electrical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?\nA. mechanical\nB. chemical\nC. nuclear\nD. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear", "electrical", "mechanical", "chemical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?\nA. nuclear\nB. electrical\nC. mechanical\nD. chemical\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical", "chemical", "nuclear", "electrical"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?\n1. mechanical\n2. chemical\n3. nuclear\n4. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical", "chemical", "nuclear", "electrical"], "label": ["N", "S", "J", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?\nN. mechanical\nS. chemical\nJ. nuclear\nL. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear", "electrical", "mechanical", "chemical"], "label": ["N", "S", "J", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?\nN. nuclear\nS. electrical\nJ. mechanical\nL. chemical\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3563}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_8_50", "question": "Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?", "choices": {"text": ["During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.", "During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?\nA. During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.\nB. During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.\nC. During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.\nD. During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?", "choices": {"text": ["During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation.", "During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?\nA. During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.\nB. During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation.\nC. During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.\nD. During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?", "choices": {"text": ["During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.", "During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?\n1. During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.\n2. During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.\n3. During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.\n4. During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?", "choices": {"text": ["During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.", "During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation."], "label": ["X", "B", "V", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?\nX. During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.\nB. During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.\nV. During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.\nQ. During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?", "choices": {"text": ["During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation.", "During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation."], "label": ["X", "B", "V", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?\nX. During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.\nB. During convection, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the amount of precipitation.\nV. During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.\nQ. During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the amount of precipitation.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3564}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7205363", "question": "What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?", "choices": {"text": ["an atom", "an electron", "a molecule", "a compound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?\nA. an atom\nB. an electron\nC. a molecule\nD. a compound\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?", "choices": {"text": ["a compound", "an atom", "an electron", "a molecule"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?\nA. a compound\nB. an atom\nC. an electron\nD. a molecule\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?", "choices": {"text": ["an atom", "an electron", "a molecule", "a compound"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?\n1. an atom\n2. an electron\n3. a molecule\n4. a compound\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?", "choices": {"text": ["an atom", "an electron", "a molecule", "a compound"], "label": ["B", "C", "G", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?\nB. an atom\nC. an electron\nG. a molecule\nP. a compound\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?", "choices": {"text": ["a compound", "an atom", "an electron", "a molecule"], "label": ["B", "C", "G", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest part of a gold ring that is still gold?\nB. a compound\nC. an atom\nG. an electron\nP. a molecule\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3565}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407507", "question": "Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "meter stick", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?\nA. balance\nB. meter stick\nC. thermometer\nD. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "graduated cylinder", "thermometer", "meter stick"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?\nA. balance\nB. graduated cylinder\nC. thermometer\nD. meter stick\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "meter stick", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?\n1. balance\n2. meter stick\n3. thermometer\n4. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "meter stick", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["F", "N", "A", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?\nF. balance\nN. meter stick\nA. thermometer\nB. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "graduated cylinder", "thermometer", "meter stick"], "label": ["F", "N", "A", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool should a carpenter use to measure the length of a wooden board?\nF. balance\nN. graduated cylinder\nA. thermometer\nB. meter stick\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3566}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_23", "question": "If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["The ecosystem will not change from its original state.", "The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?\nA. The ecosystem will not change from its original state.\nB. The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.\nC. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.\nD. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["The ecosystem will not change from its original state.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.", "The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?\nA. The ecosystem will not change from its original state.\nB. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.\nC. The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.\nD. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["The ecosystem will not change from its original state.", "The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?\n1. The ecosystem will not change from its original state.\n2. The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.\n3. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.\n4. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["The ecosystem will not change from its original state.", "The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen."], "label": ["L", "C", "X", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?\nL. The ecosystem will not change from its original state.\nC. The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.\nX. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.\nF. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["The ecosystem will not change from its original state.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.", "The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.", "The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen."], "label": ["L", "C", "X", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: If an ecosystem's balance is disturbed by a volcanic eruption, what will most likely occur?\nL. The ecosystem will not change from its original state.\nC. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to consume carbon dioxide.\nX. The ecosystem will eventually become balanced again.\nF. The consumers in the ecosystem will begin to produce more oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3567}
{"arc_id": "TAKS_2009_5_20", "question": "One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.", "choices": {"text": ["the amount of water in the plant's environment", "the amount of sunlight shining on the plant", "the color of the flowers on the plant", "the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.\nA. the amount of water in the plant's environment\nB. the amount of sunlight shining on the plant\nC. the color of the flowers on the plant\nD. the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the flowers on the plant", "the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows", "the amount of water in the plant's environment", "the amount of sunlight shining on the plant"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.\nA. the color of the flowers on the plant\nB. the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows\nC. the amount of water in the plant's environment\nD. the amount of sunlight shining on the plant\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.", "choices": {"text": ["the amount of water in the plant's environment", "the amount of sunlight shining on the plant", "the color of the flowers on the plant", "the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.\n1. the amount of water in the plant's environment\n2. the amount of sunlight shining on the plant\n3. the color of the flowers on the plant\n4. the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.", "choices": {"text": ["the amount of water in the plant's environment", "the amount of sunlight shining on the plant", "the color of the flowers on the plant", "the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows"], "label": ["E", "G", "O", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.\nE. the amount of water in the plant's environment\nG. the amount of sunlight shining on the plant\nO. the color of the flowers on the plant\nD. the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the flowers on the plant", "the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows", "the amount of water in the plant's environment", "the amount of sunlight shining on the plant"], "label": ["E", "G", "O", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One example of a trait passed from a parent plant to its offspring is ___.\nE. the color of the flowers on the plant\nG. the nutrients in the soil where the plant grows\nO. the amount of water in the plant's environment\nD. the amount of sunlight shining on the plant\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3568}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2010_8_8", "question": "Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?", "choices": {"text": ["bird beak", "bear claws", "human skin", "snake fangs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?\nA. bird beak\nB. bear claws\nC. human skin\nD. snake fangs\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?", "choices": {"text": ["human skin", "bird beak", "bear claws", "snake fangs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?\nA. human skin\nB. bird beak\nC. bear claws\nD. snake fangs\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?", "choices": {"text": ["bird beak", "bear claws", "human skin", "snake fangs"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?\n1. bird beak\n2. bear claws\n3. human skin\n4. snake fangs\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?", "choices": {"text": ["bird beak", "bear claws", "human skin", "snake fangs"], "label": ["C", "Q", "R", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?\nC. bird beak\nQ. bear claws\nR. human skin\nD. snake fangs\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?", "choices": {"text": ["human skin", "bird beak", "bear claws", "snake fangs"], "label": ["C", "Q", "R", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many organisms have structures for protection and survival. Which structure is most similar to tree bark?\nC. human skin\nQ. bird beak\nR. bear claws\nD. snake fangs\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3569}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_13", "question": "The human respiratory system is responsible for removing", "choices": {"text": ["fat from cells", "carbon dioxide from blood", "hormones from glands", "nutrients from food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human respiratory system is responsible for removing\nA. fat from cells\nB. carbon dioxide from blood\nC. hormones from glands\nD. nutrients from food\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The human respiratory system is responsible for removing", "choices": {"text": ["nutrients from food", "hormones from glands", "carbon dioxide from blood", "fat from cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human respiratory system is responsible for removing\nA. nutrients from food\nB. hormones from glands\nC. carbon dioxide from blood\nD. fat from cells\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The human respiratory system is responsible for removing", "choices": {"text": ["fat from cells", "carbon dioxide from blood", "hormones from glands", "nutrients from food"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human respiratory system is responsible for removing\n1. fat from cells\n2. carbon dioxide from blood\n3. hormones from glands\n4. nutrients from food\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human respiratory system is responsible for removing", "choices": {"text": ["fat from cells", "carbon dioxide from blood", "hormones from glands", "nutrients from food"], "label": ["X", "R", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human respiratory system is responsible for removing\nX. fat from cells\nR. carbon dioxide from blood\nW. hormones from glands\nQ. nutrients from food\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human respiratory system is responsible for removing", "choices": {"text": ["nutrients from food", "hormones from glands", "carbon dioxide from blood", "fat from cells"], "label": ["X", "R", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human respiratory system is responsible for removing\nX. nutrients from food\nR. hormones from glands\nW. carbon dioxide from blood\nQ. fat from cells\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3570}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_8", "question": "Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that", "choices": {"text": ["destroy microbes", "recycle nutrients", "allow locomotion", "coordinate movement"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that\nA. destroy microbes\nB. recycle nutrients\nC. allow locomotion\nD. coordinate movement\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that", "choices": {"text": ["recycle nutrients", "destroy microbes", "coordinate movement", "allow locomotion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that\nA. recycle nutrients\nB. destroy microbes\nC. coordinate movement\nD. allow locomotion\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that", "choices": {"text": ["destroy microbes", "recycle nutrients", "allow locomotion", "coordinate movement"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that\n1. destroy microbes\n2. recycle nutrients\n3. allow locomotion\n4. coordinate movement\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that", "choices": {"text": ["destroy microbes", "recycle nutrients", "allow locomotion", "coordinate movement"], "label": ["H", "Y", "B", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that\nH. destroy microbes\nY. recycle nutrients\nB. allow locomotion\nZ. coordinate movement\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that", "choices": {"text": ["recycle nutrients", "destroy microbes", "coordinate movement", "allow locomotion"], "label": ["H", "Y", "B", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that\nH. recycle nutrients\nY. destroy microbes\nB. coordinate movement\nZ. allow locomotion\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3571}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_5_10", "question": "Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?", "choices": {"text": ["heat and light", "heat and sound", "light and magnetism", "electricity and sound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?\nA. heat and light\nB. heat and sound\nC. light and magnetism\nD. electricity and sound\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?", "choices": {"text": ["light and magnetism", "electricity and sound", "heat and light", "heat and sound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?\nA. light and magnetism\nB. electricity and sound\nC. heat and light\nD. heat and sound\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?", "choices": {"text": ["heat and light", "heat and sound", "light and magnetism", "electricity and sound"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?\n1. heat and light\n2. heat and sound\n3. light and magnetism\n4. electricity and sound\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?", "choices": {"text": ["heat and light", "heat and sound", "light and magnetism", "electricity and sound"], "label": ["M", "G", "R", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?\nM. heat and light\nG. heat and sound\nR. light and magnetism\nI. electricity and sound\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?", "choices": {"text": ["light and magnetism", "electricity and sound", "heat and light", "heat and sound"], "label": ["M", "G", "R", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two forms of energy could best be used to increase the temperature of a sheet of copper?\nM. light and magnetism\nG. electricity and sound\nR. heat and light\nI. heat and sound\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3572}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2014_7_10", "question": "Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?\nA. oxygen\nB. nitrogen\nC. water vapor\nD. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "water vapor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?\nA. nitrogen\nB. oxygen\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?\n1. oxygen\n2. nitrogen\n3. water vapor\n4. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["G", "U", "D", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?\nG. oxygen\nU. nitrogen\nD. water vapor\nK. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "water vapor"], "label": ["G", "U", "D", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?\nG. nitrogen\nU. oxygen\nD. carbon dioxide\nK. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3573}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408435", "question": "Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.", "Other stars are facing away from Earth.", "Other stars are smaller than the Sun.", "Other stars are producing less light."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?\nA. Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.\nB. Other stars are facing away from Earth.\nC. Other stars are smaller than the Sun.\nD. Other stars are producing less light.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["Other stars are producing less light.", "Other stars are smaller than the Sun.", "Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.", "Other stars are facing away from Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?\nA. Other stars are producing less light.\nB. Other stars are smaller than the Sun.\nC. Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.\nD. Other stars are facing away from Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.", "Other stars are facing away from Earth.", "Other stars are smaller than the Sun.", "Other stars are producing less light."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?\n1. Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.\n2. Other stars are facing away from Earth.\n3. Other stars are smaller than the Sun.\n4. Other stars are producing less light.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.", "Other stars are facing away from Earth.", "Other stars are smaller than the Sun.", "Other stars are producing less light."], "label": ["M", "P", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?\nM. Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.\nP. Other stars are facing away from Earth.\nI. Other stars are smaller than the Sun.\nU. Other stars are producing less light.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["Other stars are producing less light.", "Other stars are smaller than the Sun.", "Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.", "Other stars are facing away from Earth."], "label": ["M", "P", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains why stars seen in the night sky are less bright than the Sun?\nM. Other stars are producing less light.\nP. Other stars are smaller than the Sun.\nI. Other stars are farther from Earth than the Sun.\nU. Other stars are facing away from Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3574}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7245788", "question": "A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?", "choices": {"text": ["It will destroy the fish habitat.", "It will provide nutrients to algae.", "It will change the water temperature.", "It will introduce an invasive species."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?\nA. It will destroy the fish habitat.\nB. It will provide nutrients to algae.\nC. It will change the water temperature.\nD. It will introduce an invasive species.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?", "choices": {"text": ["It will introduce an invasive species.", "It will destroy the fish habitat.", "It will provide nutrients to algae.", "It will change the water temperature."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?\nA. It will introduce an invasive species.\nB. It will destroy the fish habitat.\nC. It will provide nutrients to algae.\nD. It will change the water temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?", "choices": {"text": ["It will destroy the fish habitat.", "It will provide nutrients to algae.", "It will change the water temperature.", "It will introduce an invasive species."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?\n1. It will destroy the fish habitat.\n2. It will provide nutrients to algae.\n3. It will change the water temperature.\n4. It will introduce an invasive species.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?", "choices": {"text": ["It will destroy the fish habitat.", "It will provide nutrients to algae.", "It will change the water temperature.", "It will introduce an invasive species."], "label": ["U", "J", "R", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?\nU. It will destroy the fish habitat.\nJ. It will provide nutrients to algae.\nR. It will change the water temperature.\nB. It will introduce an invasive species.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?", "choices": {"text": ["It will introduce an invasive species.", "It will destroy the fish habitat.", "It will provide nutrients to algae.", "It will change the water temperature."], "label": ["U", "J", "R", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist observed that the loss of plants near a stream resulted in more soil being washed downstream. How will the excess soil that travels downstream reduce biodiversity?\nU. It will introduce an invasive species.\nJ. It will destroy the fish habitat.\nR. It will provide nutrients to algae.\nB. It will change the water temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3575}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_25", "question": "When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a", "choices": {"text": ["high tide", "low tide", "lunar eclipse", "Moon phase"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a\nA. high tide\nB. low tide\nC. lunar eclipse\nD. Moon phase\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a", "choices": {"text": ["lunar eclipse", "low tide", "high tide", "Moon phase"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a\nA. lunar eclipse\nB. low tide\nC. high tide\nD. Moon phase\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a", "choices": {"text": ["high tide", "low tide", "lunar eclipse", "Moon phase"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a\n1. high tide\n2. low tide\n3. lunar eclipse\n4. Moon phase\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a", "choices": {"text": ["high tide", "low tide", "lunar eclipse", "Moon phase"], "label": ["U", "M", "T", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a\nU. high tide\nM. low tide\nT. lunar eclipse\nN. Moon phase\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a", "choices": {"text": ["lunar eclipse", "low tide", "high tide", "Moon phase"], "label": ["U", "M", "T", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon, the shadow causes a\nU. lunar eclipse\nM. low tide\nT. high tide\nN. Moon phase\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3576}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_8_20", "question": "A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["black", "green", "red", "white"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?\nA. black\nB. green\nC. red\nD. white\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "white", "green", "black"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?\nA. red\nB. white\nC. green\nD. black\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["black", "green", "red", "white"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?\n1. black\n2. green\n3. red\n4. white\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["black", "green", "red", "white"], "label": ["T", "E", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?\nT. black\nE. green\nA. red\nD. white\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "white", "green", "black"], "label": ["T", "E", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class conducts an experiment to determine the best color to paint a solar water heater that they plan to build. For their experimental test, the students have four identical cans. They paint one black, one green, one red, and one white. Each can is filled with 500 mL of 22°C water, and is allowed to sit in the sun for two hours. Which color can will have the greatest increase in water temperature?\nT. red\nE. white\nA. green\nD. black\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3577}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7207463", "question": "Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["neutral pH", "freezing and boiling points", "dissolves many substances", "forms six-sided crystals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?\nA. neutral pH\nB. freezing and boiling points\nC. dissolves many substances\nD. forms six-sided crystals\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["forms six-sided crystals", "dissolves many substances", "neutral pH", "freezing and boiling points"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?\nA. forms six-sided crystals\nB. dissolves many substances\nC. neutral pH\nD. freezing and boiling points\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["neutral pH", "freezing and boiling points", "dissolves many substances", "forms six-sided crystals"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?\n1. neutral pH\n2. freezing and boiling points\n3. dissolves many substances\n4. forms six-sided crystals\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["neutral pH", "freezing and boiling points", "dissolves many substances", "forms six-sided crystals"], "label": ["U", "R", "L", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?\nU. neutral pH\nR. freezing and boiling points\nL. dissolves many substances\nX. forms six-sided crystals\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["forms six-sided crystals", "dissolves many substances", "neutral pH", "freezing and boiling points"], "label": ["U", "R", "L", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these properties of water has the greatest effect on the water cycle?\nU. forms six-sided crystals\nR. dissolves many substances\nL. neutral pH\nX. freezing and boiling points\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3578}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2007_5_40", "question": "What causes day and night on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["tilting of Earth's axis", "rotation of Earth on its axis", "movement of Earth around the sun", "movement of the sun around Earth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes day and night on Earth?\nA. tilting of Earth's axis\nB. rotation of Earth on its axis\nC. movement of Earth around the sun\nD. movement of the sun around Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes day and night on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["tilting of Earth's axis", "movement of the sun around Earth", "movement of Earth around the sun", "rotation of Earth on its axis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes day and night on Earth?\nA. tilting of Earth's axis\nB. movement of the sun around Earth\nC. movement of Earth around the sun\nD. rotation of Earth on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes day and night on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["tilting of Earth's axis", "rotation of Earth on its axis", "movement of Earth around the sun", "movement of the sun around Earth"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes day and night on Earth?\n1. tilting of Earth's axis\n2. rotation of Earth on its axis\n3. movement of Earth around the sun\n4. movement of the sun around Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes day and night on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["tilting of Earth's axis", "rotation of Earth on its axis", "movement of Earth around the sun", "movement of the sun around Earth"], "label": ["R", "T", "Y", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes day and night on Earth?\nR. tilting of Earth's axis\nT. rotation of Earth on its axis\nY. movement of Earth around the sun\nZ. movement of the sun around Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes day and night on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["tilting of Earth's axis", "movement of the sun around Earth", "movement of Earth around the sun", "rotation of Earth on its axis"], "label": ["R", "T", "Y", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes day and night on Earth?\nR. tilting of Earth's axis\nT. movement of the sun around Earth\nY. movement of Earth around the sun\nZ. rotation of Earth on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3579}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_33", "question": "Which process is an example of a physical change?", "choices": {"text": ["wood burning", "iron rusting", "ice melting", "milk souring"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is an example of a physical change?\nA. wood burning\nB. iron rusting\nC. ice melting\nD. milk souring\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is an example of a physical change?", "choices": {"text": ["milk souring", "wood burning", "iron rusting", "ice melting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is an example of a physical change?\nA. milk souring\nB. wood burning\nC. iron rusting\nD. ice melting\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is an example of a physical change?", "choices": {"text": ["wood burning", "iron rusting", "ice melting", "milk souring"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is an example of a physical change?\n1. wood burning\n2. iron rusting\n3. ice melting\n4. milk souring\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is an example of a physical change?", "choices": {"text": ["wood burning", "iron rusting", "ice melting", "milk souring"], "label": ["G", "P", "T", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is an example of a physical change?\nG. wood burning\nP. iron rusting\nT. ice melting\nE. milk souring\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process is an example of a physical change?", "choices": {"text": ["milk souring", "wood burning", "iron rusting", "ice melting"], "label": ["G", "P", "T", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process is an example of a physical change?\nG. milk souring\nP. wood burning\nT. iron rusting\nE. ice melting\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3580}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2012_5_13", "question": "The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is", "choices": {"text": ["wind", "gravity", "the sun", "the moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is\nA. wind\nB. gravity\nC. the sun\nD. the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is", "choices": {"text": ["wind", "gravity", "the moon", "the sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is\nA. wind\nB. gravity\nC. the moon\nD. the sun\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is", "choices": {"text": ["wind", "gravity", "the sun", "the moon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is\n1. wind\n2. gravity\n3. the sun\n4. the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is", "choices": {"text": ["wind", "gravity", "the sun", "the moon"], "label": ["B", "F", "O", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is\nB. wind\nF. gravity\nO. the sun\nR. the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is", "choices": {"text": ["wind", "gravity", "the moon", "the sun"], "label": ["B", "F", "O", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: The water cycle requires energy. The main source of energy for the water cycle is\nB. wind\nF. gravity\nO. the moon\nR. the sun\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3581}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7211015", "question": "Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?", "choices": {"text": ["system", "organ", "tissue", "cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?\nA. system\nB. organ\nC. tissue\nD. cell\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?", "choices": {"text": ["cell", "system", "organ", "tissue"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?\nA. cell\nB. system\nC. organ\nD. tissue\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?", "choices": {"text": ["system", "organ", "tissue", "cell"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?\n1. system\n2. organ\n3. tissue\n4. cell\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?", "choices": {"text": ["system", "organ", "tissue", "cell"], "label": ["Z", "X", "N", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?\nZ. system\nX. organ\nN. tissue\nA. cell\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?", "choices": {"text": ["cell", "system", "organ", "tissue"], "label": ["Z", "X", "N", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the fundamental unit of life?\nZ. cell\nX. system\nN. organ\nA. tissue\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3582}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1999_8_17", "question": "Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical properties", "mechanical properties", "thermal properties", "acoustical properties"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?\nA. chemical properties\nB. mechanical properties\nC. thermal properties\nD. acoustical properties\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical properties", "acoustical properties", "thermal properties", "chemical properties"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?\nA. mechanical properties\nB. acoustical properties\nC. thermal properties\nD. chemical properties\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical properties", "mechanical properties", "thermal properties", "acoustical properties"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?\n1. chemical properties\n2. mechanical properties\n3. thermal properties\n4. acoustical properties\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical properties", "mechanical properties", "thermal properties", "acoustical properties"], "label": ["W", "Y", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?\nW. chemical properties\nY. mechanical properties\nX. thermal properties\nM. acoustical properties\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical properties", "acoustical properties", "thermal properties", "chemical properties"], "label": ["W", "Y", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would be the most important to consider when selecting material for the walls and ceiling of a concert hall?\nW. mechanical properties\nY. acoustical properties\nX. thermal properties\nM. chemical properties\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3583}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7071978", "question": "When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes", "choices": {"text": ["humus.", "anaerobic.", "compost.", "aerobic."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes\nA. humus.\nB. anaerobic.\nC. compost.\nD. aerobic.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes", "choices": {"text": ["humus.", "compost.", "aerobic.", "anaerobic."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes\nA. humus.\nB. compost.\nC. aerobic.\nD. anaerobic.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes", "choices": {"text": ["humus.", "anaerobic.", "compost.", "aerobic."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes\n1. humus.\n2. anaerobic.\n3. compost.\n4. aerobic.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes", "choices": {"text": ["humus.", "anaerobic.", "compost.", "aerobic."], "label": ["R", "W", "J", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes\nR. humus.\nW. anaerobic.\nJ. compost.\nF. aerobic.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes", "choices": {"text": ["humus.", "compost.", "aerobic.", "anaerobic."], "label": ["R", "W", "J", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: When microorganisms deplete the oxygen in soil through respiration, the soil becomes\nR. humus.\nW. compost.\nJ. aerobic.\nF. anaerobic.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3584}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_414500", "question": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?", "choices": {"text": ["to search for life on planets other than Earth", "to land on a planet in another solar system", "to determine the composition the Sun", "to send a human to land on the Moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?\nA. to search for life on planets other than Earth\nB. to land on a planet in another solar system\nC. to determine the composition the Sun\nD. to send a human to land on the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?", "choices": {"text": ["to send a human to land on the Moon", "to land on a planet in another solar system", "to determine the composition the Sun", "to search for life on planets other than Earth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?\nA. to send a human to land on the Moon\nB. to land on a planet in another solar system\nC. to determine the composition the Sun\nD. to search for life on planets other than Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?", "choices": {"text": ["to search for life on planets other than Earth", "to land on a planet in another solar system", "to determine the composition the Sun", "to send a human to land on the Moon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?\n1. to search for life on planets other than Earth\n2. to land on a planet in another solar system\n3. to determine the composition the Sun\n4. to send a human to land on the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?", "choices": {"text": ["to search for life on planets other than Earth", "to land on a planet in another solar system", "to determine the composition the Sun", "to send a human to land on the Moon"], "label": ["V", "X", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?\nV. to search for life on planets other than Earth\nX. to land on a planet in another solar system\nO. to determine the composition the Sun\nN. to send a human to land on the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?", "choices": {"text": ["to send a human to land on the Moon", "to land on a planet in another solar system", "to determine the composition the Sun", "to search for life on planets other than Earth"], "label": ["V", "X", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency responsible for the space program in the United States. What was the goal of NASA's Apollo program?\nV. to send a human to land on the Moon\nX. to land on a planet in another solar system\nO. to determine the composition the Sun\nN. to search for life on planets other than Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3585}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7014000", "question": "A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "immune", "excretory", "digestive"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?\nA. nervous\nB. immune\nC. excretory\nD. digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory", "digestive", "immune", "nervous"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?\nA. excretory\nB. digestive\nC. immune\nD. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "immune", "excretory", "digestive"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?\n1. nervous\n2. immune\n3. excretory\n4. digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "immune", "excretory", "digestive"], "label": ["F", "E", "H", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?\nF. nervous\nE. immune\nH. excretory\nU. digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory", "digestive", "immune", "nervous"], "label": ["F", "E", "H", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lack of control in the muscular system is most likely related to a problem in what other organ system?\nF. excretory\nE. digestive\nH. immune\nU. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3586}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400224", "question": "The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?", "choices": {"text": ["swamp", "prairie", "forest", "tundra"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?\nA. swamp\nB. prairie\nC. forest\nD. tundra\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?", "choices": {"text": ["prairie", "swamp", "tundra", "forest"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?\nA. prairie\nB. swamp\nC. tundra\nD. forest\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?", "choices": {"text": ["swamp", "prairie", "forest", "tundra"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?\n1. swamp\n2. prairie\n3. forest\n4. tundra\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?", "choices": {"text": ["swamp", "prairie", "forest", "tundra"], "label": ["H", "F", "D", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?\nH. swamp\nF. prairie\nD. forest\nI. tundra\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?", "choices": {"text": ["prairie", "swamp", "tundra", "forest"], "label": ["H", "F", "D", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Russian thistle, commonly known as the tumbleweed, is a big, round plant with many branches and short, stiff leaves. This plant spreads a large number of seeds when it breaks off from its stalk. The thistle is most likely found in what kind of environment?\nH. prairie\nF. swamp\nD. tundra\nI. forest\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3587}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_8_29", "question": "Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?", "choices": {"text": ["Dinosaurs ate plants.", "Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.", "Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.", "Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?\nA. Dinosaurs ate plants.\nB. Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.\nC. Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.\nD. Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?", "choices": {"text": ["Dinosaurs ate plants.", "Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time.", "Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.", "Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?\nA. Dinosaurs ate plants.\nB. Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time.\nC. Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.\nD. Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?", "choices": {"text": ["Dinosaurs ate plants.", "Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.", "Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.", "Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?\n1. Dinosaurs ate plants.\n2. Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.\n3. Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.\n4. Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?", "choices": {"text": ["Dinosaurs ate plants.", "Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.", "Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.", "Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time."], "label": ["S", "V", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?\nS. Dinosaurs ate plants.\nV. Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.\nC. Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.\nY. Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?", "choices": {"text": ["Dinosaurs ate plants.", "Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time.", "Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.", "Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals."], "label": ["S", "V", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists find dinosaur fossils in the bottom rock layers of a cliff and mammal fossils in the middle rock layer of the cliff. Which could best be concluded from this evidence?\nS. Dinosaurs ate plants.\nV. Dinosaurs and mammals lived at the same time.\nC. Dinosaurs were eaten by the mammals.\nY. Dinosaurs lived on Earth before the mammals.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3588}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2002_8_10389", "question": "Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?", "choices": {"text": ["twice as high as the first sample's", "slightly higher than the first sample's", "half as high as the first sample's", "the same as the first sample's"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?\nA. twice as high as the first sample's\nB. slightly higher than the first sample's\nC. half as high as the first sample's\nD. the same as the first sample's\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?", "choices": {"text": ["twice as high as the first sample's", "the same as the first sample's", "slightly higher than the first sample's", "half as high as the first sample's"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?\nA. twice as high as the first sample's\nB. the same as the first sample's\nC. slightly higher than the first sample's\nD. half as high as the first sample's\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?", "choices": {"text": ["twice as high as the first sample's", "slightly higher than the first sample's", "half as high as the first sample's", "the same as the first sample's"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?\n1. twice as high as the first sample's\n2. slightly higher than the first sample's\n3. half as high as the first sample's\n4. the same as the first sample's\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?", "choices": {"text": ["twice as high as the first sample's", "slightly higher than the first sample's", "half as high as the first sample's", "the same as the first sample's"], "label": ["D", "E", "K", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?\nD. twice as high as the first sample's\nE. slightly higher than the first sample's\nK. half as high as the first sample's\nQ. the same as the first sample's\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?", "choices": {"text": ["twice as high as the first sample's", "the same as the first sample's", "slightly higher than the first sample's", "half as high as the first sample's"], "label": ["D", "E", "K", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joyce put 200 milliliters of water in a beaker, put a thermometer in it, and heated it until it started to boil. She recorded a temperature of 100°C when it started to boil. She repeated the process with 400 milliliters of water. What would be the temperature when the second sample started to boil?\nD. twice as high as the first sample's\nE. the same as the first sample's\nK. slightly higher than the first sample's\nQ. half as high as the first sample's\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3589}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416507", "question": "A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: \"Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells.\" Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?", "choices": {"text": ["Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.", "Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.", "Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.", "Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: \"Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells.\" Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?\nA. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.\nB. Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.\nC. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.\nD. Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: \"Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells.\" Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?", "choices": {"text": ["Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.", "Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration.", "Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.", "Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: \"Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells.\" Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?\nA. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.\nB. Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration.\nC. Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.\nD. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: \"Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells.\" Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?", "choices": {"text": ["Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.", "Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.", "Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.", "Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: \"Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells.\" Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?\n1. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.\n2. Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.\n3. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.\n4. Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: \"Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells.\" Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?", "choices": {"text": ["Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.", "Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.", "Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.", "Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration."], "label": ["C", "K", "X", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: \"Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells.\" Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?\nC. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.\nK. Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.\nX. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.\nJ. Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: \"Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells.\" Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?", "choices": {"text": ["Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.", "Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration.", "Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.", "Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles."], "label": ["C", "K", "X", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wrote the following claim on a homework assignment: \"Eukaryotic cells need more lipids than prokaryotic cells.\" Which statement below provides the BEST support for her claim?\nC. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.\nK. Eukaryotic cells perform cellular respiration.\nX. Eukaryotic cells make up multicellular organisms.\nJ. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3590}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_3_35", "question": "A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?", "choices": {"text": ["Omnivore", "Carnivore", "Herbivore", "Producer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?\nA. Omnivore\nB. Carnivore\nC. Herbivore\nD. Producer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?", "choices": {"text": ["Producer", "Omnivore", "Carnivore", "Herbivore"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?\nA. Producer\nB. Omnivore\nC. Carnivore\nD. Herbivore\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?", "choices": {"text": ["Omnivore", "Carnivore", "Herbivore", "Producer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?\n1. Omnivore\n2. Carnivore\n3. Herbivore\n4. Producer\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?", "choices": {"text": ["Omnivore", "Carnivore", "Herbivore", "Producer"], "label": ["G", "A", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?\nG. Omnivore\nA. Carnivore\nP. Herbivore\nT. Producer\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?", "choices": {"text": ["Producer", "Omnivore", "Carnivore", "Herbivore"], "label": ["G", "A", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A black bear eats many different things, including grasses, roots, and berries. It also eats insects, fish, and other small animals. Which of these BEST describes a black bear?\nG. Producer\nA. Omnivore\nP. Carnivore\nT. Herbivore\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3591}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7010798", "question": "A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?", "choices": {"text": ["use it and then dispose of it", "use it and then return it to where he got it", "dispose of the beaker and get a new one", "put it back where he found it and get a new one"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?\nA. use it and then dispose of it\nB. use it and then return it to where he got it\nC. dispose of the beaker and get a new one\nD. put it back where he found it and get a new one\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?", "choices": {"text": ["use it and then return it to where he got it", "use it and then dispose of it", "put it back where he found it and get a new one", "dispose of the beaker and get a new one"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?\nA. use it and then return it to where he got it\nB. use it and then dispose of it\nC. put it back where he found it and get a new one\nD. dispose of the beaker and get a new one\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?", "choices": {"text": ["use it and then dispose of it", "use it and then return it to where he got it", "dispose of the beaker and get a new one", "put it back where he found it and get a new one"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?\n1. use it and then dispose of it\n2. use it and then return it to where he got it\n3. dispose of the beaker and get a new one\n4. put it back where he found it and get a new one\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?", "choices": {"text": ["use it and then dispose of it", "use it and then return it to where he got it", "dispose of the beaker and get a new one", "put it back where he found it and get a new one"], "label": ["J", "L", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?\nJ. use it and then dispose of it\nL. use it and then return it to where he got it\nS. dispose of the beaker and get a new one\nR. put it back where he found it and get a new one\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?", "choices": {"text": ["use it and then return it to where he got it", "use it and then dispose of it", "put it back where he found it and get a new one", "dispose of the beaker and get a new one"], "label": ["J", "L", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student finds a beaker with a chip in the rim. What should he do with the beaker?\nJ. use it and then return it to where he got it\nL. use it and then dispose of it\nS. put it back where he found it and get a new one\nR. dispose of the beaker and get a new one\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3592}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7018078", "question": "The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the", "choices": {"text": ["valence.", "mass number.", "chemical property.", "electrical charge."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the\nA. valence.\nB. mass number.\nC. chemical property.\nD. electrical charge.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the", "choices": {"text": ["valence.", "chemical property.", "mass number.", "electrical charge."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the\nA. valence.\nB. chemical property.\nC. mass number.\nD. electrical charge.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the", "choices": {"text": ["valence.", "mass number.", "chemical property.", "electrical charge."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the\n1. valence.\n2. mass number.\n3. chemical property.\n4. electrical charge.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the", "choices": {"text": ["valence.", "mass number.", "chemical property.", "electrical charge."], "label": ["J", "S", "C", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the\nJ. valence.\nS. mass number.\nC. chemical property.\nI. electrical charge.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the", "choices": {"text": ["valence.", "chemical property.", "mass number.", "electrical charge."], "label": ["J", "S", "C", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the\nJ. valence.\nS. chemical property.\nC. mass number.\nI. electrical charge.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3593}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7141278", "question": "In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?", "choices": {"text": ["cell", "organ", "organisms", "tissue"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?\nA. cell\nB. organ\nC. organisms\nD. tissue\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?", "choices": {"text": ["organ", "tissue", "organisms", "cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?\nA. organ\nB. tissue\nC. organisms\nD. cell\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?", "choices": {"text": ["cell", "organ", "organisms", "tissue"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?\n1. cell\n2. organ\n3. organisms\n4. tissue\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?", "choices": {"text": ["cell", "organ", "organisms", "tissue"], "label": ["T", "L", "C", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?\nT. cell\nL. organ\nC. organisms\nV. tissue\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?", "choices": {"text": ["organ", "tissue", "organisms", "cell"], "label": ["T", "L", "C", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following are nutrients directly absorbed from the bloodstream?\nT. organ\nL. tissue\nC. organisms\nV. cell\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3594}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400988", "question": "Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it", "choices": {"text": ["saves time.", "saves trees.", "creates energy.", "reduces pollution."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it\nA. saves time.\nB. saves trees.\nC. creates energy.\nD. reduces pollution.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it", "choices": {"text": ["creates energy.", "saves trees.", "reduces pollution.", "saves time."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it\nA. creates energy.\nB. saves trees.\nC. reduces pollution.\nD. saves time.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it", "choices": {"text": ["saves time.", "saves trees.", "creates energy.", "reduces pollution."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it\n1. saves time.\n2. saves trees.\n3. creates energy.\n4. reduces pollution.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it", "choices": {"text": ["saves time.", "saves trees.", "creates energy.", "reduces pollution."], "label": ["U", "D", "K", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it\nU. saves time.\nD. saves trees.\nK. creates energy.\nV. reduces pollution.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it", "choices": {"text": ["creates energy.", "saves trees.", "reduces pollution.", "saves time."], "label": ["U", "D", "K", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Making aluminum cans from recycled materials instead of raw materials is a wise choice because it\nU. creates energy.\nD. saves trees.\nK. reduces pollution.\nV. saves time.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3595}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415415", "question": "What happens to climate and weather over a summer?", "choices": {"text": ["Weather varies more than climate.", "Climate varies more than weather.", "Climate varies, but weather stays the same.", "Weather and climate vary to the same degree."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to climate and weather over a summer?\nA. Weather varies more than climate.\nB. Climate varies more than weather.\nC. Climate varies, but weather stays the same.\nD. Weather and climate vary to the same degree.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to climate and weather over a summer?", "choices": {"text": ["Climate varies more than weather.", "Weather varies more than climate.", "Weather and climate vary to the same degree.", "Climate varies, but weather stays the same."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to climate and weather over a summer?\nA. Climate varies more than weather.\nB. Weather varies more than climate.\nC. Weather and climate vary to the same degree.\nD. Climate varies, but weather stays the same.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to climate and weather over a summer?", "choices": {"text": ["Weather varies more than climate.", "Climate varies more than weather.", "Climate varies, but weather stays the same.", "Weather and climate vary to the same degree."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to climate and weather over a summer?\n1. Weather varies more than climate.\n2. Climate varies more than weather.\n3. Climate varies, but weather stays the same.\n4. Weather and climate vary to the same degree.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to climate and weather over a summer?", "choices": {"text": ["Weather varies more than climate.", "Climate varies more than weather.", "Climate varies, but weather stays the same.", "Weather and climate vary to the same degree."], "label": ["W", "C", "I", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to climate and weather over a summer?\nW. Weather varies more than climate.\nC. Climate varies more than weather.\nI. Climate varies, but weather stays the same.\nZ. Weather and climate vary to the same degree.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to climate and weather over a summer?", "choices": {"text": ["Climate varies more than weather.", "Weather varies more than climate.", "Weather and climate vary to the same degree.", "Climate varies, but weather stays the same."], "label": ["W", "C", "I", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to climate and weather over a summer?\nW. Climate varies more than weather.\nC. Weather varies more than climate.\nI. Weather and climate vary to the same degree.\nZ. Climate varies, but weather stays the same.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3596}
{"arc_id": "NAEP_2009_4_S7+6", "question": "A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?", "choices": {"text": ["The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?\nA. The air heating the sidewalk\nB. The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air\nC. The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt\nD. The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?", "choices": {"text": ["The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?\nA. The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air\nB. The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt\nC. The air heating the sidewalk\nD. The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?", "choices": {"text": ["The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?\n1. The air heating the sidewalk\n2. The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air\n3. The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt\n4. The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?", "choices": {"text": ["The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air"], "label": ["R", "F", "K", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?\nR. The air heating the sidewalk\nF. The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air\nK. The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt\nI. The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?", "choices": {"text": ["The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air"], "label": ["R", "F", "K", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?\nR. The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air\nF. The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt\nK. The air heating the sidewalk\nI. The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3597}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401296", "question": "Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?", "choices": {"text": ["large eyes", "broad wings", "straight beak", "smooth feathers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?\nA. large eyes\nB. broad wings\nC. straight beak\nD. smooth feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?", "choices": {"text": ["straight beak", "broad wings", "smooth feathers", "large eyes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?\nA. straight beak\nB. broad wings\nC. smooth feathers\nD. large eyes\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?", "choices": {"text": ["large eyes", "broad wings", "straight beak", "smooth feathers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?\n1. large eyes\n2. broad wings\n3. straight beak\n4. smooth feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?", "choices": {"text": ["large eyes", "broad wings", "straight beak", "smooth feathers"], "label": ["X", "S", "L", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?\nX. large eyes\nS. broad wings\nL. straight beak\nG. smooth feathers\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?", "choices": {"text": ["straight beak", "broad wings", "smooth feathers", "large eyes"], "label": ["X", "S", "L", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait gives owls an advantage when hunting at night?\nX. straight beak\nS. broad wings\nL. smooth feathers\nG. large eyes\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3598}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400406", "question": "Wood is considered a renewable resource because", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen is released by trees.", "trees can be replanted.", "there are many varieties of trees.", "trees are used for many purposes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wood is considered a renewable resource because\nA. oxygen is released by trees.\nB. trees can be replanted.\nC. there are many varieties of trees.\nD. trees are used for many purposes.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Wood is considered a renewable resource because", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen is released by trees.", "there are many varieties of trees.", "trees can be replanted.", "trees are used for many purposes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wood is considered a renewable resource because\nA. oxygen is released by trees.\nB. there are many varieties of trees.\nC. trees can be replanted.\nD. trees are used for many purposes.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Wood is considered a renewable resource because", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen is released by trees.", "trees can be replanted.", "there are many varieties of trees.", "trees are used for many purposes."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wood is considered a renewable resource because\n1. oxygen is released by trees.\n2. trees can be replanted.\n3. there are many varieties of trees.\n4. trees are used for many purposes.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Wood is considered a renewable resource because", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen is released by trees.", "trees can be replanted.", "there are many varieties of trees.", "trees are used for many purposes."], "label": ["Y", "P", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wood is considered a renewable resource because\nY. oxygen is released by trees.\nP. trees can be replanted.\nB. there are many varieties of trees.\nT. trees are used for many purposes.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Wood is considered a renewable resource because", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen is released by trees.", "there are many varieties of trees.", "trees can be replanted.", "trees are used for many purposes."], "label": ["Y", "P", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wood is considered a renewable resource because\nY. oxygen is released by trees.\nP. there are many varieties of trees.\nB. trees can be replanted.\nT. trees are used for many purposes.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3599}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7023275", "question": "Which event is an example of a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["fog rising off a river", "wood burning in a fireplace", "ice cream melting in the sunshine", "grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event is an example of a chemical change?\nA. fog rising off a river\nB. wood burning in a fireplace\nC. ice cream melting in the sunshine\nD. grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event is an example of a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["wood burning in a fireplace", "grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes", "ice cream melting in the sunshine", "fog rising off a river"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event is an example of a chemical change?\nA. wood burning in a fireplace\nB. grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes\nC. ice cream melting in the sunshine\nD. fog rising off a river\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event is an example of a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["fog rising off a river", "wood burning in a fireplace", "ice cream melting in the sunshine", "grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event is an example of a chemical change?\n1. fog rising off a river\n2. wood burning in a fireplace\n3. ice cream melting in the sunshine\n4. grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event is an example of a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["fog rising off a river", "wood burning in a fireplace", "ice cream melting in the sunshine", "grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes"], "label": ["A", "G", "J", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event is an example of a chemical change?\nA. fog rising off a river\nG. wood burning in a fireplace\nJ. ice cream melting in the sunshine\nZ. grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which event is an example of a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["wood burning in a fireplace", "grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes", "ice cream melting in the sunshine", "fog rising off a river"], "label": ["A", "G", "J", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which event is an example of a chemical change?\nA. wood burning in a fireplace\nG. grinding peppercorn into pepper flakes\nJ. ice cream melting in the sunshine\nZ. fog rising off a river\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3600}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405020", "question": "Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory and digestive", "circulatory and excretory", "digestive and respiratory", "respiratory and circulatory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?\nA. excretory and digestive\nB. circulatory and excretory\nC. digestive and respiratory\nD. respiratory and circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory and excretory", "digestive and respiratory", "respiratory and circulatory", "excretory and digestive"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?\nA. circulatory and excretory\nB. digestive and respiratory\nC. respiratory and circulatory\nD. excretory and digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory and digestive", "circulatory and excretory", "digestive and respiratory", "respiratory and circulatory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?\n1. excretory and digestive\n2. circulatory and excretory\n3. digestive and respiratory\n4. respiratory and circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory and digestive", "circulatory and excretory", "digestive and respiratory", "respiratory and circulatory"], "label": ["D", "R", "O", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?\nD. excretory and digestive\nR. circulatory and excretory\nO. digestive and respiratory\nT. respiratory and circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory and excretory", "digestive and respiratory", "respiratory and circulatory", "excretory and digestive"], "label": ["D", "R", "O", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the heart. Which two systems are most directly involved in this process?\nD. circulatory and excretory\nR. digestive and respiratory\nO. respiratory and circulatory\nT. excretory and digestive\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3601}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405940", "question": "From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?", "choices": {"text": ["organ system, organ, cell, tissue", "organ, tissue, cell, organ system", "tissue, cell, organ system, organ", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?\nA. organ system, organ, cell, tissue\nB. organ, tissue, cell, organ system\nC. tissue, cell, organ system, organ\nD. cell, tissue, organ, organ system\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?", "choices": {"text": ["organ system, organ, cell, tissue", "organ, tissue, cell, organ system", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system", "tissue, cell, organ system, organ"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?\nA. organ system, organ, cell, tissue\nB. organ, tissue, cell, organ system\nC. cell, tissue, organ, organ system\nD. tissue, cell, organ system, organ\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?", "choices": {"text": ["organ system, organ, cell, tissue", "organ, tissue, cell, organ system", "tissue, cell, organ system, organ", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?\n1. organ system, organ, cell, tissue\n2. organ, tissue, cell, organ system\n3. tissue, cell, organ system, organ\n4. cell, tissue, organ, organ system\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?", "choices": {"text": ["organ system, organ, cell, tissue", "organ, tissue, cell, organ system", "tissue, cell, organ system, organ", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system"], "label": ["A", "F", "M", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?\nA. organ system, organ, cell, tissue\nF. organ, tissue, cell, organ system\nM. tissue, cell, organ system, organ\nK. cell, tissue, organ, organ system\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?", "choices": {"text": ["organ system, organ, cell, tissue", "organ, tissue, cell, organ system", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system", "tissue, cell, organ system, organ"], "label": ["A", "F", "M", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: From simplest to most complicated, how are multicellular organisms organized?\nA. organ system, organ, cell, tissue\nF. organ, tissue, cell, organ system\nM. cell, tissue, organ, organ system\nK. tissue, cell, organ system, organ\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3602}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405734", "question": "A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?", "choices": {"text": ["average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm", "count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period", "record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning", "calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?\nA. average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm\nB. count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period\nC. record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning\nD. calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?", "choices": {"text": ["record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning", "count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period", "average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm", "calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?\nA. record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning\nB. count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period\nC. average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm\nD. calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?", "choices": {"text": ["average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm", "count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period", "record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning", "calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?\n1. average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm\n2. count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period\n3. record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning\n4. calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?", "choices": {"text": ["average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm", "count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period", "record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning", "calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes"], "label": ["K", "Q", "O", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?\nK. average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm\nQ. count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period\nO. record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning\nC. calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?", "choices": {"text": ["record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning", "count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period", "average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm", "calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes"], "label": ["K", "Q", "O", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to find out whether storms with lightning produce more rain than storms without lightning. Which is the best way to answer this question?\nK. record rainfall amounts in storms with and without lightning\nQ. count number of lightning strikes during a one-hour period\nO. average the amount of rain that fell during a lightning storm\nC. calculate the number of fires that are caused by lightning strikes\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3603}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_8_20", "question": "How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?", "choices": {"text": ["1", "3", "6", "7"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?\nA. 1\nB. 3\nC. 6\nD. 7\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?", "choices": {"text": ["7", "1", "3", "6"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?\nA. 7\nB. 1\nC. 3\nD. 6\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?", "choices": {"text": ["1", "3", "6", "7"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?\n1. 1\n2. 3\n3. 6\n4. 7\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?", "choices": {"text": ["1", "3", "6", "7"], "label": ["S", "J", "O", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?\nS. 1\nJ. 3\nO. 6\nB. 7\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?", "choices": {"text": ["7", "1", "3", "6"], "label": ["S", "J", "O", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: How many different elements are in the 20 compound sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)?\nS. 7\nJ. 1\nO. 3\nB. 6\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3604}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7197960", "question": "In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?", "choices": {"text": ["natural selection", "selective breeding", "asexual reproduction", "behavioral adaptation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?\nA. natural selection\nB. selective breeding\nC. asexual reproduction\nD. behavioral adaptation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?", "choices": {"text": ["asexual reproduction", "selective breeding", "natural selection", "behavioral adaptation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?\nA. asexual reproduction\nB. selective breeding\nC. natural selection\nD. behavioral adaptation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?", "choices": {"text": ["natural selection", "selective breeding", "asexual reproduction", "behavioral adaptation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?\n1. natural selection\n2. selective breeding\n3. asexual reproduction\n4. behavioral adaptation\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?", "choices": {"text": ["natural selection", "selective breeding", "asexual reproduction", "behavioral adaptation"], "label": ["Z", "Q", "D", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?\nZ. natural selection\nQ. selective breeding\nD. asexual reproduction\nX. behavioral adaptation\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?", "choices": {"text": ["asexual reproduction", "selective breeding", "natural selection", "behavioral adaptation"], "label": ["Z", "Q", "D", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a lab, a bacterial strain shows resistance to an antibiotic. The presence of the antibiotic allows an existing variant within the genetic code to help the bacteria survive. The resistance of bacteria due to an existing genetic variant can be best described as which process?\nZ. asexual reproduction\nQ. selective breeding\nD. natural selection\nX. behavioral adaptation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3605}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_8_pg57", "question": "Which of the following is NOT a mixture?", "choices": {"text": ["Smoke", "Sugar", "Milk", "Paint"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is NOT a mixture?\nA. Smoke\nB. Sugar\nC. Milk\nD. Paint\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is NOT a mixture?", "choices": {"text": ["Smoke", "Paint", "Milk", "Sugar"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is NOT a mixture?\nA. Smoke\nB. Paint\nC. Milk\nD. Sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is NOT a mixture?", "choices": {"text": ["Smoke", "Sugar", "Milk", "Paint"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is NOT a mixture?\n1. Smoke\n2. Sugar\n3. Milk\n4. Paint\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is NOT a mixture?", "choices": {"text": ["Smoke", "Sugar", "Milk", "Paint"], "label": ["N", "J", "K", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is NOT a mixture?\nN. Smoke\nJ. Sugar\nK. Milk\nQ. Paint\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is NOT a mixture?", "choices": {"text": ["Smoke", "Paint", "Milk", "Sugar"], "label": ["N", "J", "K", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is NOT a mixture?\nN. Smoke\nJ. Paint\nK. Milk\nQ. Sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3606}
{"arc_id": "TAKS_2009_5_29", "question": "Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?", "choices": {"text": ["Shape and physical state", "Temperature and hardness", "Color and mass", "Thickness and texture"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?\nA. Shape and physical state\nB. Temperature and hardness\nC. Color and mass\nD. Thickness and texture\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?", "choices": {"text": ["Temperature and hardness", "Color and mass", "Thickness and texture", "Shape and physical state"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?\nA. Temperature and hardness\nB. Color and mass\nC. Thickness and texture\nD. Shape and physical state\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?", "choices": {"text": ["Shape and physical state", "Temperature and hardness", "Color and mass", "Thickness and texture"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?\n1. Shape and physical state\n2. Temperature and hardness\n3. Color and mass\n4. Thickness and texture\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?", "choices": {"text": ["Shape and physical state", "Temperature and hardness", "Color and mass", "Thickness and texture"], "label": ["X", "Z", "F", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?\nX. Shape and physical state\nZ. Temperature and hardness\nF. Color and mass\nN. Thickness and texture\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?", "choices": {"text": ["Temperature and hardness", "Color and mass", "Thickness and texture", "Shape and physical state"], "label": ["X", "Z", "F", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two properties of a crayon will stay about the same after the crayon is melted?\nX. Temperature and hardness\nZ. Color and mass\nF. Thickness and texture\nN. Shape and physical state\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3607}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_8", "question": "Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "nervous", "endocrine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?\nA. circulatory\nB. digestive\nC. nervous\nD. endocrine\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["endocrine", "nervous", "digestive", "circulatory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?\nA. endocrine\nB. nervous\nC. digestive\nD. circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "nervous", "endocrine"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?\n1. circulatory\n2. digestive\n3. nervous\n4. endocrine\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "digestive", "nervous", "endocrine"], "label": ["C", "M", "G", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?\nC. circulatory\nM. digestive\nG. nervous\nF. endocrine\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?", "choices": {"text": ["endocrine", "nervous", "digestive", "circulatory"], "label": ["C", "M", "G", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human organ system produces hormones to regulate growth, development, and reproduction?\nC. endocrine\nM. nervous\nG. digestive\nF. circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3608}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7219030", "question": "As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous", "sedimentary", "magma", "metamorphic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?\nA. igneous\nB. sedimentary\nC. magma\nD. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?", "choices": {"text": ["magma", "metamorphic", "sedimentary", "igneous"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?\nA. magma\nB. metamorphic\nC. sedimentary\nD. igneous\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous", "sedimentary", "magma", "metamorphic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?\n1. igneous\n2. sedimentary\n3. magma\n4. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous", "sedimentary", "magma", "metamorphic"], "label": ["Q", "C", "X", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?\nQ. igneous\nC. sedimentary\nX. magma\nP. metamorphic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?", "choices": {"text": ["magma", "metamorphic", "sedimentary", "igneous"], "label": ["Q", "C", "X", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: As some organisms die, their remains become buried by mud and are eventually compressed into a type of rock. Which of these is a rock type that forms from this process?\nQ. magma\nC. metamorphic\nX. sedimentary\nP. igneous\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3609}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7141890", "question": "Based on the organization of living things, tissues", "choices": {"text": ["form systems.", "are made of cells.", "are made of organs.", "do the work of cells."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Based on the organization of living things, tissues\nA. form systems.\nB. are made of cells.\nC. are made of organs.\nD. do the work of cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Based on the organization of living things, tissues", "choices": {"text": ["form systems.", "are made of organs.", "do the work of cells.", "are made of cells."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Based on the organization of living things, tissues\nA. form systems.\nB. are made of organs.\nC. do the work of cells.\nD. are made of cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Based on the organization of living things, tissues", "choices": {"text": ["form systems.", "are made of cells.", "are made of organs.", "do the work of cells."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Based on the organization of living things, tissues\n1. form systems.\n2. are made of cells.\n3. are made of organs.\n4. do the work of cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Based on the organization of living things, tissues", "choices": {"text": ["form systems.", "are made of cells.", "are made of organs.", "do the work of cells."], "label": ["P", "D", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Based on the organization of living things, tissues\nP. form systems.\nD. are made of cells.\nE. are made of organs.\nV. do the work of cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Based on the organization of living things, tissues", "choices": {"text": ["form systems.", "are made of organs.", "do the work of cells.", "are made of cells."], "label": ["P", "D", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Based on the organization of living things, tissues\nP. form systems.\nD. are made of organs.\nE. do the work of cells.\nV. are made of cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3610}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7075215", "question": "Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular", "nervous", "respiratory", "excretory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?\nA. muscular\nB. nervous\nC. respiratory\nD. excretory\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory", "nervous", "muscular", "respiratory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?\nA. excretory\nB. nervous\nC. muscular\nD. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular", "nervous", "respiratory", "excretory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?\n1. muscular\n2. nervous\n3. respiratory\n4. excretory\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular", "nervous", "respiratory", "excretory"], "label": ["S", "O", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?\nS. muscular\nO. nervous\nB. respiratory\nX. excretory\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory", "nervous", "muscular", "respiratory"], "label": ["S", "O", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system is directly threatened when bacteria infect the lungs?\nS. excretory\nO. nervous\nB. muscular\nX. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3611}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416173", "question": "Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?", "choices": {"text": ["in the brain", "in the blood", "on the skin", "on the bones"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?\nA. in the brain\nB. in the blood\nC. on the skin\nD. on the bones\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?", "choices": {"text": ["on the bones", "on the skin", "in the blood", "in the brain"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?\nA. on the bones\nB. on the skin\nC. in the blood\nD. in the brain\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?", "choices": {"text": ["in the brain", "in the blood", "on the skin", "on the bones"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?\n1. in the brain\n2. in the blood\n3. on the skin\n4. on the bones\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?", "choices": {"text": ["in the brain", "in the blood", "on the skin", "on the bones"], "label": ["D", "Y", "R", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?\nD. in the brain\nY. in the blood\nR. on the skin\nK. on the bones\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?", "choices": {"text": ["on the bones", "on the skin", "in the blood", "in the brain"], "label": ["D", "Y", "R", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where do good bacteria grow to help keep people healthy?\nD. on the bones\nY. on the skin\nR. in the blood\nK. in the brain\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3612}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7283885", "question": "The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?", "choices": {"text": ["isolated cases", "outbreak", "epidemic", "pandemic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?\nA. isolated cases\nB. outbreak\nC. epidemic\nD. pandemic\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?", "choices": {"text": ["outbreak", "isolated cases", "pandemic", "epidemic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?\nA. outbreak\nB. isolated cases\nC. pandemic\nD. epidemic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?", "choices": {"text": ["isolated cases", "outbreak", "epidemic", "pandemic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?\n1. isolated cases\n2. outbreak\n3. epidemic\n4. pandemic\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?", "choices": {"text": ["isolated cases", "outbreak", "epidemic", "pandemic"], "label": ["Y", "N", "H", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?\nY. isolated cases\nN. outbreak\nH. epidemic\nS. pandemic\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?", "choices": {"text": ["outbreak", "isolated cases", "pandemic", "epidemic"], "label": ["Y", "N", "H", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term best describes the disease AIDS?\nY. outbreak\nN. isolated cases\nH. pandemic\nS. epidemic\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3613}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1998_4_7", "question": "7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth", "the direction of the wind", "the pull of Earth's gravity", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: 7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?\nA. the rotation of Earth\nB. the direction of the wind\nC. the pull of Earth's gravity\nD. the movement of plates on Earth's crust\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["the pull of Earth's gravity", "the direction of the wind", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust", "the rotation of Earth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: 7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?\nA. the pull of Earth's gravity\nB. the direction of the wind\nC. the movement of plates on Earth's crust\nD. the rotation of Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth", "the direction of the wind", "the pull of Earth's gravity", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: 7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?\n1. the rotation of Earth\n2. the direction of the wind\n3. the pull of Earth's gravity\n4. the movement of plates on Earth's crust\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth", "the direction of the wind", "the pull of Earth's gravity", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust"], "label": ["F", "X", "O", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: 7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?\nF. the rotation of Earth\nX. the direction of the wind\nO. the pull of Earth's gravity\nK. the movement of plates on Earth's crust\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["the pull of Earth's gravity", "the direction of the wind", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust", "the rotation of Earth"], "label": ["F", "X", "O", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: 7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?\nF. the pull of Earth's gravity\nX. the direction of the wind\nO. the movement of plates on Earth's crust\nK. the rotation of Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3614}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2007_8_42", "question": "Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["eclipses", "ocean tides", "seasonal changes", "phases of the moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?\nA. eclipses\nB. ocean tides\nC. seasonal changes\nD. phases of the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["ocean tides", "phases of the moon", "eclipses", "seasonal changes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?\nA. ocean tides\nB. phases of the moon\nC. eclipses\nD. seasonal changes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["eclipses", "ocean tides", "seasonal changes", "phases of the moon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?\n1. eclipses\n2. ocean tides\n3. seasonal changes\n4. phases of the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["eclipses", "ocean tides", "seasonal changes", "phases of the moon"], "label": ["H", "K", "O", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?\nH. eclipses\nK. ocean tides\nO. seasonal changes\nU. phases of the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["ocean tides", "phases of the moon", "eclipses", "seasonal changes"], "label": ["H", "K", "O", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which phenomena occur as a result of the gravitational attraction between the moon and Earth?\nH. ocean tides\nK. phases of the moon\nO. eclipses\nU. seasonal changes\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3615}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_8_7", "question": "Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?", "choices": {"text": ["Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.", "The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.", "Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.", "Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?\nA. Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.\nB. The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.\nC. Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.\nD. Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?", "choices": {"text": ["The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.", "Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.", "Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.", "Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?\nA. The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.\nB. Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.\nC. Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.\nD. Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?", "choices": {"text": ["Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.", "The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.", "Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.", "Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?\n1. Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.\n2. The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.\n3. Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.\n4. Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?", "choices": {"text": ["Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.", "The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.", "Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.", "Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels."], "label": ["X", "S", "D", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?\nX. Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.\nS. The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.\nD. Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.\nG. Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?", "choices": {"text": ["The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.", "Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.", "Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.", "Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver."], "label": ["X", "S", "D", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes how the circulatory system and respiratory system can work together?\nX. The stomach signals for the production of gastric juices.\nS. Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood vessels.\nD. Food molecules are transported to the organs of the body.\nG. Toxins are removed from the bloodstream by the liver.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3616}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_LBS10993", "question": "Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?", "choices": {"text": ["energy for photosynthesis", "pest control", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?\nA. energy for photosynthesis\nB. pest control\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?", "choices": {"text": ["energy for photosynthesis", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "pest control"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?\nA. energy for photosynthesis\nB. carbon dioxide\nC. oxygen\nD. pest control\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?", "choices": {"text": ["energy for photosynthesis", "pest control", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?\n1. energy for photosynthesis\n2. pest control\n3. carbon dioxide\n4. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?", "choices": {"text": ["energy for photosynthesis", "pest control", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "A", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?\nQ. energy for photosynthesis\nZ. pest control\nA. carbon dioxide\nK. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?", "choices": {"text": ["energy for photosynthesis", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "pest control"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "A", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals depend on plants for many things, including food. What do plants depend on from animals?\nQ. energy for photosynthesis\nZ. carbon dioxide\nA. oxygen\nK. pest control\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3617}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7084018", "question": "Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.", "the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.", "the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.", "the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because\nA. the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.\nB. the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.\nC. the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.\nD. the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because", "choices": {"text": ["the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.", "the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth.", "the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.", "the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because\nA. the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.\nB. the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth.\nC. the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.\nD. the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.", "the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.", "the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.", "the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because\n1. the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.\n2. the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.\n3. the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.\n4. the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.", "the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.", "the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.", "the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth."], "label": ["L", "Y", "N", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because\nL. the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.\nY. the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.\nN. the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.\nS. the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because", "choices": {"text": ["the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.", "the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth.", "the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.", "the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth."], "label": ["L", "Y", "N", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Less force is required to launch a spaceship from the surface of the Moon than to launch an identical ship from the surface of Earth because\nL. the mass of an object on Earth is greater than on the Moon.\nY. the atmosphere of the Moon is much thinner than that of Earth.\nN. the Moon has a smaller surface area than Earth.\nS. the gravitational field of the Moon is less than that of Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3618}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415399", "question": "Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?", "choices": {"text": ["an earthquake", "a landslide", "a volcano", "an avalanche"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?\nA. an earthquake\nB. a landslide\nC. a volcano\nD. an avalanche\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?", "choices": {"text": ["a landslide", "a volcano", "an earthquake", "an avalanche"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?\nA. a landslide\nB. a volcano\nC. an earthquake\nD. an avalanche\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?", "choices": {"text": ["an earthquake", "a landslide", "a volcano", "an avalanche"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?\n1. an earthquake\n2. a landslide\n3. a volcano\n4. an avalanche\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?", "choices": {"text": ["an earthquake", "a landslide", "a volcano", "an avalanche"], "label": ["J", "E", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?\nJ. an earthquake\nE. a landslide\nO. a volcano\nN. an avalanche\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?", "choices": {"text": ["a landslide", "a volcano", "an earthquake", "an avalanche"], "label": ["J", "E", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two of Earth's plates pushed together, and the ground moved. What happened?\nJ. a landslide\nE. a volcano\nO. an earthquake\nN. an avalanche\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3619}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7071803", "question": "Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "deserts", "volcanic necks", "V-shaped valleys"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?\nA. lakes\nB. deserts\nC. volcanic necks\nD. V-shaped valleys\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic necks", "lakes", "deserts", "V-shaped valleys"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?\nA. volcanic necks\nB. lakes\nC. deserts\nD. V-shaped valleys\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "deserts", "volcanic necks", "V-shaped valleys"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?\n1. lakes\n2. deserts\n3. volcanic necks\n4. V-shaped valleys\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "deserts", "volcanic necks", "V-shaped valleys"], "label": ["T", "O", "C", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?\nT. lakes\nO. deserts\nC. volcanic necks\nU. V-shaped valleys\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic necks", "lakes", "deserts", "V-shaped valleys"], "label": ["T", "O", "C", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these were formed by glaciers that flowed through the Ruby Mountain region in northeastern Nevada?\nT. volcanic necks\nO. lakes\nC. deserts\nU. V-shaped valleys\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3620}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_8_17683", "question": "A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?", "choices": {"text": ["cell wall", "chloroplast", "mitochondrion", "nucleus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?\nA. cell wall\nB. chloroplast\nC. mitochondrion\nD. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "cell wall", "nucleus", "chloroplast"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?\nA. mitochondrion\nB. cell wall\nC. nucleus\nD. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?", "choices": {"text": ["cell wall", "chloroplast", "mitochondrion", "nucleus"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?\n1. cell wall\n2. chloroplast\n3. mitochondrion\n4. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?", "choices": {"text": ["cell wall", "chloroplast", "mitochondrion", "nucleus"], "label": ["V", "M", "C", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?\nV. cell wall\nM. chloroplast\nC. mitochondrion\nN. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "cell wall", "nucleus", "chloroplast"], "label": ["V", "M", "C", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?\nV. mitochondrion\nM. cell wall\nC. nucleus\nN. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3621}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408439", "question": "Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?", "choices": {"text": ["the ability to store water", "the ability to attract insects", "the ability to stop predators", "the ability to drop its leaves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?\nA. the ability to store water\nB. the ability to attract insects\nC. the ability to stop predators\nD. the ability to drop its leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?", "choices": {"text": ["the ability to attract insects", "the ability to drop its leaves", "the ability to store water", "the ability to stop predators"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?\nA. the ability to attract insects\nB. the ability to drop its leaves\nC. the ability to store water\nD. the ability to stop predators\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?", "choices": {"text": ["the ability to store water", "the ability to attract insects", "the ability to stop predators", "the ability to drop its leaves"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?\n1. the ability to store water\n2. the ability to attract insects\n3. the ability to stop predators\n4. the ability to drop its leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?", "choices": {"text": ["the ability to store water", "the ability to attract insects", "the ability to stop predators", "the ability to drop its leaves"], "label": ["S", "A", "K", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?\nS. the ability to store water\nA. the ability to attract insects\nK. the ability to stop predators\nD. the ability to drop its leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?", "choices": {"text": ["the ability to attract insects", "the ability to drop its leaves", "the ability to store water", "the ability to stop predators"], "label": ["S", "A", "K", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Brian knows deserts get less rain than other ecosystems. However, he also knows that plants can survive in the desert. Which characteristic of a plant most likely helps it live in a desert?\nS. the ability to attract insects\nA. the ability to drop its leaves\nK. the ability to store water\nD. the ability to stop predators\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3622}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7115290", "question": "After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?", "choices": {"text": ["Space is limited for growth.", "The quality of light is low.", "Soil must be created.", "Minerals are destroyed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?\nA. Space is limited for growth.\nB. The quality of light is low.\nC. Soil must be created.\nD. Minerals are destroyed.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?", "choices": {"text": ["Soil must be created.", "Minerals are destroyed.", "The quality of light is low.", "Space is limited for growth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?\nA. Soil must be created.\nB. Minerals are destroyed.\nC. The quality of light is low.\nD. Space is limited for growth.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?", "choices": {"text": ["Space is limited for growth.", "The quality of light is low.", "Soil must be created.", "Minerals are destroyed."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?\n1. Space is limited for growth.\n2. The quality of light is low.\n3. Soil must be created.\n4. Minerals are destroyed.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?", "choices": {"text": ["Space is limited for growth.", "The quality of light is low.", "Soil must be created.", "Minerals are destroyed."], "label": ["F", "B", "I", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?\nF. Space is limited for growth.\nB. The quality of light is low.\nI. Soil must be created.\nE. Minerals are destroyed.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?", "choices": {"text": ["Soil must be created.", "Minerals are destroyed.", "The quality of light is low.", "Space is limited for growth."], "label": ["F", "B", "I", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a volcanic eruption, it takes a long time for large ecosystems to fully recover. Which statement best explains why the development takes so long?\nF. Soil must be created.\nB. Minerals are destroyed.\nI. The quality of light is low.\nE. Space is limited for growth.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3623}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7007613", "question": "The atomic number of an element refers to the number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons in the outer shell.", "neutrons in the outer shell.", "electrons in the nucleus.", "protons in the nucleus."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atomic number of an element refers to the number of\nA. electrons in the outer shell.\nB. neutrons in the outer shell.\nC. electrons in the nucleus.\nD. protons in the nucleus.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The atomic number of an element refers to the number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons in the nucleus.", "electrons in the outer shell.", "protons in the nucleus.", "neutrons in the outer shell."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atomic number of an element refers to the number of\nA. electrons in the nucleus.\nB. electrons in the outer shell.\nC. protons in the nucleus.\nD. neutrons in the outer shell.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The atomic number of an element refers to the number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons in the outer shell.", "neutrons in the outer shell.", "electrons in the nucleus.", "protons in the nucleus."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atomic number of an element refers to the number of\n1. electrons in the outer shell.\n2. neutrons in the outer shell.\n3. electrons in the nucleus.\n4. protons in the nucleus.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The atomic number of an element refers to the number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons in the outer shell.", "neutrons in the outer shell.", "electrons in the nucleus.", "protons in the nucleus."], "label": ["E", "K", "H", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atomic number of an element refers to the number of\nE. electrons in the outer shell.\nK. neutrons in the outer shell.\nH. electrons in the nucleus.\nC. protons in the nucleus.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The atomic number of an element refers to the number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons in the nucleus.", "electrons in the outer shell.", "protons in the nucleus.", "neutrons in the outer shell."], "label": ["E", "K", "H", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atomic number of an element refers to the number of\nE. electrons in the nucleus.\nK. electrons in the outer shell.\nH. protons in the nucleus.\nC. neutrons in the outer shell.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3624}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7161298", "question": "In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?", "choices": {"text": ["The energy is stored as food.", "The energy is dissipated as heat.", "The energy is trapped in dead organisms.", "The energy is moved to another ecosystem."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?\nA. The energy is stored as food.\nB. The energy is dissipated as heat.\nC. The energy is trapped in dead organisms.\nD. The energy is moved to another ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?", "choices": {"text": ["The energy is dissipated as heat.", "The energy is trapped in dead organisms.", "The energy is stored as food.", "The energy is moved to another ecosystem."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?\nA. The energy is dissipated as heat.\nB. The energy is trapped in dead organisms.\nC. The energy is stored as food.\nD. The energy is moved to another ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?", "choices": {"text": ["The energy is stored as food.", "The energy is dissipated as heat.", "The energy is trapped in dead organisms.", "The energy is moved to another ecosystem."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?\n1. The energy is stored as food.\n2. The energy is dissipated as heat.\n3. The energy is trapped in dead organisms.\n4. The energy is moved to another ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?", "choices": {"text": ["The energy is stored as food.", "The energy is dissipated as heat.", "The energy is trapped in dead organisms.", "The energy is moved to another ecosystem."], "label": ["E", "K", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?\nE. The energy is stored as food.\nK. The energy is dissipated as heat.\nR. The energy is trapped in dead organisms.\nH. The energy is moved to another ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?", "choices": {"text": ["The energy is dissipated as heat.", "The energy is trapped in dead organisms.", "The energy is stored as food.", "The energy is moved to another ecosystem."], "label": ["E", "K", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an ecosystem, not all of the energy that is available is used by the organisms. Some energy becomes unavailable before it can be transferred to organisms in the next trophic level. How does the energy most likely become unavailable?\nE. The energy is dissipated as heat.\nK. The energy is trapped in dead organisms.\nR. The energy is stored as food.\nH. The energy is moved to another ecosystem.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3625}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_180198", "question": "Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "seasons", "weather", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?\nA. tides\nB. seasons\nC. weather\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?", "choices": {"text": ["seasons", "tides", "weather", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?\nA. seasons\nB. tides\nC. weather\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "seasons", "weather", "gravity"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?\n1. tides\n2. seasons\n3. weather\n4. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "seasons", "weather", "gravity"], "label": ["H", "E", "R", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?\nH. tides\nE. seasons\nR. weather\nI. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?", "choices": {"text": ["seasons", "tides", "weather", "gravity"], "label": ["H", "E", "R", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a direct result of Earth's tilt on its axis?\nH. seasons\nE. tides\nR. weather\nI. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3626}
{"arc_id": "MEAP_2004_8_1", "question": "Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?", "choices": {"text": ["Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.", "Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.", "Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.", "Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?\nA. Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.\nB. Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.\nC. Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.\nD. Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?", "choices": {"text": ["Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.", "Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.", "Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating.", "Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?\nA. Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.\nB. Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.\nC. Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating.\nD. Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?", "choices": {"text": ["Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.", "Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.", "Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.", "Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?\n1. Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.\n2. Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.\n3. Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.\n4. Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?", "choices": {"text": ["Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.", "Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.", "Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.", "Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating."], "label": ["Q", "A", "Z", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?\nQ. Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.\nA. Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.\nZ. Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.\nD. Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?", "choices": {"text": ["Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.", "Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.", "Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating.", "Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep."], "label": ["Q", "A", "Z", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tony always drinks water before and after his long bike rides. Why does his body need water when he exercises?\nQ. Drinking water after exercise helps to replace lost fluids.\nA. Drinking water before exercise helps increase the heart rate.\nZ. Drinking water before exercise prevents the body from sweating.\nD. Drinking water after exercise allows the body to sleep.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3627}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2001_4_10240", "question": "On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it", "choices": {"text": ["has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it\nA. has an odor.\nB. has separate parts.\nC. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.\nD. carries out basic life functions.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it", "choices": {"text": ["can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions.", "has separate parts.", "has an odor."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it\nA. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.\nB. carries out basic life functions.\nC. has separate parts.\nD. has an odor.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it", "choices": {"text": ["has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it\n1. has an odor.\n2. has separate parts.\n3. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.\n4. carries out basic life functions.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it", "choices": {"text": ["has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions."], "label": ["O", "X", "M", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it\nO. has an odor.\nX. has separate parts.\nM. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.\nH. carries out basic life functions.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it", "choices": {"text": ["can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions.", "has separate parts.", "has an odor."], "label": ["O", "X", "M", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether is is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it\nO. can make a noise and has a lifelike color.\nX. carries out basic life functions.\nM. has separate parts.\nH. has an odor.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3628}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_4_2", "question": "Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?", "choices": {"text": ["Its color changed.", "Its mass increased.", "Its volume stayed the same.", "Its temperature quickly increased."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?\nA. Its color changed.\nB. Its mass increased.\nC. Its volume stayed the same.\nD. Its temperature quickly increased.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?", "choices": {"text": ["Its temperature quickly increased.", "Its mass increased.", "Its color changed.", "Its volume stayed the same."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?\nA. Its temperature quickly increased.\nB. Its mass increased.\nC. Its color changed.\nD. Its volume stayed the same.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?", "choices": {"text": ["Its color changed.", "Its mass increased.", "Its volume stayed the same.", "Its temperature quickly increased."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?\n1. Its color changed.\n2. Its mass increased.\n3. Its volume stayed the same.\n4. Its temperature quickly increased.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?", "choices": {"text": ["Its color changed.", "Its mass increased.", "Its volume stayed the same.", "Its temperature quickly increased."], "label": ["U", "Y", "D", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?\nU. Its color changed.\nY. Its mass increased.\nD. Its volume stayed the same.\nS. Its temperature quickly increased.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?", "choices": {"text": ["Its temperature quickly increased.", "Its mass increased.", "Its color changed.", "Its volume stayed the same."], "label": ["U", "Y", "D", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Liquid cooking oil was poured into a container. Which statement best describes a property of the cooking oil after it was poured into the container?\nU. Its temperature quickly increased.\nY. Its mass increased.\nD. Its color changed.\nS. Its volume stayed the same.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3629}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_8_18", "question": "The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?", "choices": {"text": ["Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.", "Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.", "Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.", "Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?\nA. Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.\nB. Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.\nC. Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.\nD. Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?", "choices": {"text": ["Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.", "Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall.", "Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.", "Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?\nA. Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.\nB. Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall.\nC. Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.\nD. Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?", "choices": {"text": ["Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.", "Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.", "Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.", "Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?\n1. Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.\n2. Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.\n3. Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.\n4. Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?", "choices": {"text": ["Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.", "Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.", "Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.", "Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall."], "label": ["F", "Q", "M", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?\nF. Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.\nQ. Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.\nM. Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.\nU. Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?", "choices": {"text": ["Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.", "Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall.", "Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.", "Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds."], "label": ["F", "Q", "M", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun heats the atmosphere of Earth unevenly. Which of the following is the most likely result of this uneven heating?\nF. Radiation from the Sun will reflect through the atmosphere back into space resulting in cooler evenings.\nQ. Radiation from the Sun will cause atmospheric moisture to collect over mountain ranges resulting in snowfall.\nM. Conduction through the atmosphere causes evaporation to occur over oceans, resulting in rain.\nU. Convection in the atmosphere causes a change in air density, resulting in winds.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3630}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400347", "question": "A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?", "choices": {"text": ["4 m/s^2", "15 m/s^2", "25 m/s^2", "100 m/s^2"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?\nA. 4 m/s^2\nB. 15 m/s^2\nC. 25 m/s^2\nD. 100 m/s^2\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?", "choices": {"text": ["25 m/s^2", "15 m/s^2", "4 m/s^2", "100 m/s^2"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?\nA. 25 m/s^2\nB. 15 m/s^2\nC. 4 m/s^2\nD. 100 m/s^2\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?", "choices": {"text": ["4 m/s^2", "15 m/s^2", "25 m/s^2", "100 m/s^2"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?\n1. 4 m/s^2\n2. 15 m/s^2\n3. 25 m/s^2\n4. 100 m/s^2\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?", "choices": {"text": ["4 m/s^2", "15 m/s^2", "25 m/s^2", "100 m/s^2"], "label": ["Y", "H", "I", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?\nY. 4 m/s^2\nH. 15 m/s^2\nI. 25 m/s^2\nK. 100 m/s^2\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?", "choices": {"text": ["25 m/s^2", "15 m/s^2", "4 m/s^2", "100 m/s^2"], "label": ["Y", "H", "I", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A 20-N force acts on a 5-kg object at rest. How fast will the object accelerate on a frictionless surface?\nY. 25 m/s^2\nH. 15 m/s^2\nI. 4 m/s^2\nK. 100 m/s^2\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3631}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7001313", "question": "Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to", "choices": {"text": ["help patients spend less time in the emergency room.", "aid research students who are studying complex organisms.", "help make medicines from newly discovered plants.", "develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to\nA. help patients spend less time in the emergency room.\nB. aid research students who are studying complex organisms.\nC. help make medicines from newly discovered plants.\nD. develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to", "choices": {"text": ["aid research students who are studying complex organisms.", "develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.", "help make medicines from newly discovered plants.", "help patients spend less time in the emergency room."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to\nA. aid research students who are studying complex organisms.\nB. develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.\nC. help make medicines from newly discovered plants.\nD. help patients spend less time in the emergency room.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to", "choices": {"text": ["help patients spend less time in the emergency room.", "aid research students who are studying complex organisms.", "help make medicines from newly discovered plants.", "develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to\n1. help patients spend less time in the emergency room.\n2. aid research students who are studying complex organisms.\n3. help make medicines from newly discovered plants.\n4. develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to", "choices": {"text": ["help patients spend less time in the emergency room.", "aid research students who are studying complex organisms.", "help make medicines from newly discovered plants.", "develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms."], "label": ["S", "F", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to\nS. help patients spend less time in the emergency room.\nF. aid research students who are studying complex organisms.\nB. help make medicines from newly discovered plants.\nC. develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to", "choices": {"text": ["aid research students who are studying complex organisms.", "develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.", "help make medicines from newly discovered plants.", "help patients spend less time in the emergency room."], "label": ["S", "F", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Increasing and revising scientific knowledge of different types of bacteria will most likely enable scientists to develop ways to\nS. aid research students who are studying complex organisms.\nF. develop specialized antibiotics that are directed at single-celled organisms.\nB. help make medicines from newly discovered plants.\nC. help patients spend less time in the emergency room.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3632}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_18", "question": "What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["sperm", "nutrients", "fertilized eggs", "sex cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?\nA. sperm\nB. nutrients\nC. fertilized eggs\nD. sex cells\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["sex cells", "nutrients", "fertilized eggs", "sperm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?\nA. sex cells\nB. nutrients\nC. fertilized eggs\nD. sperm\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["sperm", "nutrients", "fertilized eggs", "sex cells"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?\n1. sperm\n2. nutrients\n3. fertilized eggs\n4. sex cells\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["sperm", "nutrients", "fertilized eggs", "sex cells"], "label": ["L", "X", "H", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?\nL. sperm\nX. nutrients\nH. fertilized eggs\nS. sex cells\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["sex cells", "nutrients", "fertilized eggs", "sperm"], "label": ["L", "X", "H", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are produced in both the male and female reproductive systems in humans?\nL. sex cells\nX. nutrients\nH. fertilized eggs\nS. sperm\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3633}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026810", "question": "The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?", "choices": {"text": ["numerous park areas", "frequent trash recycling", "efficient public transportation", "effective street lighting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?\nA. numerous park areas\nB. frequent trash recycling\nC. efficient public transportation\nD. effective street lighting\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?", "choices": {"text": ["numerous park areas", "frequent trash recycling", "effective street lighting", "efficient public transportation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?\nA. numerous park areas\nB. frequent trash recycling\nC. effective street lighting\nD. efficient public transportation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?", "choices": {"text": ["numerous park areas", "frequent trash recycling", "efficient public transportation", "effective street lighting"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?\n1. numerous park areas\n2. frequent trash recycling\n3. efficient public transportation\n4. effective street lighting\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?", "choices": {"text": ["numerous park areas", "frequent trash recycling", "efficient public transportation", "effective street lighting"], "label": ["F", "M", "C", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?\nF. numerous park areas\nM. frequent trash recycling\nC. efficient public transportation\nR. effective street lighting\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?", "choices": {"text": ["numerous park areas", "frequent trash recycling", "effective street lighting", "efficient public transportation"], "label": ["F", "M", "C", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: The burning of fossil fuels in cities results in high levels of air pollution. Which urban design would best help reduce air pollution?\nF. numerous park areas\nM. frequent trash recycling\nC. effective street lighting\nR. efficient public transportation\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3634}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415352", "question": "Which is an inherited trait?", "choices": {"text": ["dimples", "scrapes", "short hair", "dirty fingernails"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an inherited trait?\nA. dimples\nB. scrapes\nC. short hair\nD. dirty fingernails\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an inherited trait?", "choices": {"text": ["dirty fingernails", "short hair", "dimples", "scrapes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an inherited trait?\nA. dirty fingernails\nB. short hair\nC. dimples\nD. scrapes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an inherited trait?", "choices": {"text": ["dimples", "scrapes", "short hair", "dirty fingernails"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an inherited trait?\n1. dimples\n2. scrapes\n3. short hair\n4. dirty fingernails\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an inherited trait?", "choices": {"text": ["dimples", "scrapes", "short hair", "dirty fingernails"], "label": ["X", "L", "V", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an inherited trait?\nX. dimples\nL. scrapes\nV. short hair\nG. dirty fingernails\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an inherited trait?", "choices": {"text": ["dirty fingernails", "short hair", "dimples", "scrapes"], "label": ["X", "L", "V", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an inherited trait?\nX. dirty fingernails\nL. short hair\nV. dimples\nG. scrapes\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3635}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_413632", "question": "How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["They both take in water from the soil.", "They both transport materials through the plant.", "They both make sugar in the leaves.", "They both store waste products in the plant cells."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?\nA. They both take in water from the soil.\nB. They both transport materials through the plant.\nC. They both make sugar in the leaves.\nD. They both store waste products in the plant cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["They both take in water from the soil.", "They both store waste products in the plant cells.", "They both transport materials through the plant.", "They both make sugar in the leaves."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?\nA. They both take in water from the soil.\nB. They both store waste products in the plant cells.\nC. They both transport materials through the plant.\nD. They both make sugar in the leaves.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["They both take in water from the soil.", "They both transport materials through the plant.", "They both make sugar in the leaves.", "They both store waste products in the plant cells."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?\n1. They both take in water from the soil.\n2. They both transport materials through the plant.\n3. They both make sugar in the leaves.\n4. They both store waste products in the plant cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["They both take in water from the soil.", "They both transport materials through the plant.", "They both make sugar in the leaves.", "They both store waste products in the plant cells."], "label": ["T", "B", "V", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?\nT. They both take in water from the soil.\nB. They both transport materials through the plant.\nV. They both make sugar in the leaves.\nP. They both store waste products in the plant cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["They both take in water from the soil.", "They both store waste products in the plant cells.", "They both transport materials through the plant.", "They both make sugar in the leaves."], "label": ["T", "B", "V", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is xylem similar to phloem in a plant?\nT. They both take in water from the soil.\nB. They both store waste products in the plant cells.\nV. They both transport materials through the plant.\nP. They both make sugar in the leaves.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3636}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408881", "question": "In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "gasoline", "trees", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?\nA. air\nB. gasoline\nC. trees\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?", "choices": {"text": ["trees", "air", "gasoline", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?\nA. trees\nB. air\nC. gasoline\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "gasoline", "trees", "water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?\n1. air\n2. gasoline\n3. trees\n4. water\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "gasoline", "trees", "water"], "label": ["S", "U", "A", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?\nS. air\nU. gasoline\nA. trees\nE. water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?", "choices": {"text": ["trees", "air", "gasoline", "water"], "label": ["S", "U", "A", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a recycling program, people can separate paper from their other trash. The paper is sent to factories and turned into new products. What does paper recycling help conserve the most?\nS. trees\nU. air\nA. gasoline\nE. water\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3637}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2013_5_15", "question": "Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "gravity", "the sun", "the moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?\nA. tides\nB. gravity\nC. the sun\nD. the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?", "choices": {"text": ["the sun", "the moon", "tides", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?\nA. the sun\nB. the moon\nC. tides\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "gravity", "the sun", "the moon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?\n1. tides\n2. gravity\n3. the sun\n4. the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "gravity", "the sun", "the moon"], "label": ["B", "I", "H", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?\nB. tides\nI. gravity\nH. the sun\nV. the moon\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?", "choices": {"text": ["the sun", "the moon", "tides", "gravity"], "label": ["B", "I", "H", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water cycles through three states of matter on Earth. What has the greatest effect on the state of matter of water?\nB. the sun\nI. the moon\nH. tides\nV. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3638}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401316", "question": "Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "forests", "mountains", "clouds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?\nA. lakes\nB. forests\nC. mountains\nD. clouds\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?", "choices": {"text": ["clouds", "mountains", "forests", "lakes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?\nA. clouds\nB. mountains\nC. forests\nD. lakes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "forests", "mountains", "clouds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?\n1. lakes\n2. forests\n3. mountains\n4. clouds\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "forests", "mountains", "clouds"], "label": ["N", "W", "O", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?\nN. lakes\nW. forests\nO. mountains\nD. clouds\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?", "choices": {"text": ["clouds", "mountains", "forests", "lakes"], "label": ["N", "W", "O", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which physical feature exists both on Earth and on the Moon?\nN. clouds\nW. mountains\nO. forests\nD. lakes\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3639}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_8_pg99", "question": "Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?", "choices": {"text": ["They die with the animal or plant.", "They evaporate into the atmosphere.", "They are recycled back into the environment.", "They change into different elements."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?\nA. They die with the animal or plant.\nB. They evaporate into the atmosphere.\nC. They are recycled back into the environment.\nD. They change into different elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?", "choices": {"text": ["They change into different elements.", "They are recycled back into the environment.", "They evaporate into the atmosphere.", "They die with the animal or plant."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?\nA. They change into different elements.\nB. They are recycled back into the environment.\nC. They evaporate into the atmosphere.\nD. They die with the animal or plant.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?", "choices": {"text": ["They die with the animal or plant.", "They evaporate into the atmosphere.", "They are recycled back into the environment.", "They change into different elements."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?\n1. They die with the animal or plant.\n2. They evaporate into the atmosphere.\n3. They are recycled back into the environment.\n4. They change into different elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?", "choices": {"text": ["They die with the animal or plant.", "They evaporate into the atmosphere.", "They are recycled back into the environment.", "They change into different elements."], "label": ["Z", "X", "Y", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?\nZ. They die with the animal or plant.\nX. They evaporate into the atmosphere.\nY. They are recycled back into the environment.\nG. They change into different elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?", "choices": {"text": ["They change into different elements.", "They are recycled back into the environment.", "They evaporate into the atmosphere.", "They die with the animal or plant."], "label": ["Z", "X", "Y", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?\nZ. They change into different elements.\nX. They are recycled back into the environment.\nY. They evaporate into the atmosphere.\nG. They die with the animal or plant.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3640}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405056", "question": "Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks are made of one or more minerals.", "Rocks are made of two or more elements.", "Rocks are made of magma and sediments.", "Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?\nA. Rocks are made of one or more minerals.\nB. Rocks are made of two or more elements.\nC. Rocks are made of magma and sediments.\nD. Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure.", "Rocks are made of two or more elements.", "Rocks are made of one or more minerals.", "Rocks are made of magma and sediments."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?\nA. Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure.\nB. Rocks are made of two or more elements.\nC. Rocks are made of one or more minerals.\nD. Rocks are made of magma and sediments.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks are made of one or more minerals.", "Rocks are made of two or more elements.", "Rocks are made of magma and sediments.", "Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?\n1. Rocks are made of one or more minerals.\n2. Rocks are made of two or more elements.\n3. Rocks are made of magma and sediments.\n4. Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks are made of one or more minerals.", "Rocks are made of two or more elements.", "Rocks are made of magma and sediments.", "Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure."], "label": ["S", "R", "P", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?\nS. Rocks are made of one or more minerals.\nR. Rocks are made of two or more elements.\nP. Rocks are made of magma and sediments.\nK. Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure.", "Rocks are made of two or more elements.", "Rocks are made of one or more minerals.", "Rocks are made of magma and sediments."], "label": ["S", "R", "P", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are comparing different rocks. What do all rocks have in common?\nS. Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure.\nR. Rocks are made of two or more elements.\nP. Rocks are made of one or more minerals.\nK. Rocks are made of magma and sediments.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3641}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7113978", "question": "What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?", "choices": {"text": ["increased fish populations", "more biodiversity over time", "less oxygen available for fish", "reduced water levels"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?\nA. increased fish populations\nB. more biodiversity over time\nC. less oxygen available for fish\nD. reduced water levels\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?", "choices": {"text": ["less oxygen available for fish", "increased fish populations", "more biodiversity over time", "reduced water levels"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?\nA. less oxygen available for fish\nB. increased fish populations\nC. more biodiversity over time\nD. reduced water levels\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?", "choices": {"text": ["increased fish populations", "more biodiversity over time", "less oxygen available for fish", "reduced water levels"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?\n1. increased fish populations\n2. more biodiversity over time\n3. less oxygen available for fish\n4. reduced water levels\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?", "choices": {"text": ["increased fish populations", "more biodiversity over time", "less oxygen available for fish", "reduced water levels"], "label": ["K", "X", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?\nK. increased fish populations\nX. more biodiversity over time\nS. less oxygen available for fish\nW. reduced water levels\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?", "choices": {"text": ["less oxygen available for fish", "increased fish populations", "more biodiversity over time", "reduced water levels"], "label": ["K", "X", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most likely result of large-scale agricultural fertilization on aquatic systems?\nK. less oxygen available for fish\nX. increased fish populations\nS. more biodiversity over time\nW. reduced water levels\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3642}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7041388", "question": "In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?", "choices": {"text": ["melting and cooling", "heating and pressure", "weathering and erosion", "crystallization and cooling"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?\nA. melting and cooling\nB. heating and pressure\nC. weathering and erosion\nD. crystallization and cooling\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?", "choices": {"text": ["heating and pressure", "weathering and erosion", "crystallization and cooling", "melting and cooling"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?\nA. heating and pressure\nB. weathering and erosion\nC. crystallization and cooling\nD. melting and cooling\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?", "choices": {"text": ["melting and cooling", "heating and pressure", "weathering and erosion", "crystallization and cooling"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?\n1. melting and cooling\n2. heating and pressure\n3. weathering and erosion\n4. crystallization and cooling\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?", "choices": {"text": ["melting and cooling", "heating and pressure", "weathering and erosion", "crystallization and cooling"], "label": ["V", "D", "S", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?\nV. melting and cooling\nD. heating and pressure\nS. weathering and erosion\nX. crystallization and cooling\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?", "choices": {"text": ["heating and pressure", "weathering and erosion", "crystallization and cooling", "melting and cooling"], "label": ["V", "D", "S", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for magma to be converted to igneous rock, which actions must occur?\nV. heating and pressure\nD. weathering and erosion\nS. crystallization and cooling\nX. melting and cooling\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3643}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_23", "question": "Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a", "choices": {"text": ["food chain", "life cycle", "food supply", "life span"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a\nA. food chain\nB. life cycle\nC. food supply\nD. life span\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a", "choices": {"text": ["food chain", "food supply", "life span", "life cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a\nA. food chain\nB. food supply\nC. life span\nD. life cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a", "choices": {"text": ["food chain", "life cycle", "food supply", "life span"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a\n1. food chain\n2. life cycle\n3. food supply\n4. life span\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a", "choices": {"text": ["food chain", "life cycle", "food supply", "life span"], "label": ["Z", "X", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a\nZ. food chain\nX. life cycle\nA. food supply\nD. life span\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a", "choices": {"text": ["food chain", "food supply", "life span", "life cycle"], "label": ["Z", "X", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Trees start as seeds and grow into mature trees that produce more seeds. This pattern represents a\nZ. food chain\nX. food supply\nA. life span\nD. life cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3644}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_1", "question": "Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system", "organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ", "tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell", "cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?\nA. cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system\nB. organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ\nC. tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell\nD. cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ", "cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system", "tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell", "cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?\nA. organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ\nB. cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system\nC. tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell\nD. cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system", "organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ", "tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell", "cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?\n1. cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system\n2. organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ\n3. tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell\n4. cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system", "organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ", "tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell", "cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system"], "label": ["M", "P", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?\nM. cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system\nP. organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ\nT. tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell\nK. cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ", "cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system", "tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell", "cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system"], "label": ["M", "P", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?\nM. organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ\nP. cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system\nT. tissue -> organ -> organ system -> cell\nK. cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3645}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7238893", "question": "A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?", "choices": {"text": ["the nucleus", "a ribosome", "a mitochondrion", "the Golgi apparatus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?\nA. the nucleus\nB. a ribosome\nC. a mitochondrion\nD. the Golgi apparatus\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?", "choices": {"text": ["a ribosome", "the Golgi apparatus", "the nucleus", "a mitochondrion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?\nA. a ribosome\nB. the Golgi apparatus\nC. the nucleus\nD. a mitochondrion\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?", "choices": {"text": ["the nucleus", "a ribosome", "a mitochondrion", "the Golgi apparatus"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?\n1. the nucleus\n2. a ribosome\n3. a mitochondrion\n4. the Golgi apparatus\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?", "choices": {"text": ["the nucleus", "a ribosome", "a mitochondrion", "the Golgi apparatus"], "label": ["B", "A", "X", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?\nB. the nucleus\nA. a ribosome\nX. a mitochondrion\nS. the Golgi apparatus\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?", "choices": {"text": ["a ribosome", "the Golgi apparatus", "the nucleus", "a mitochondrion"], "label": ["B", "A", "X", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell completes the synthesization of a protein by adding a carbohydrate to the protein's structure. At which site in the cell is the carbohydrate added?\nB. a ribosome\nA. the Golgi apparatus\nX. the nucleus\nS. a mitochondrion\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3646}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7018095", "question": "All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons.", "isotopes.", "molecules.", "protons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of\nA. electrons.\nB. isotopes.\nC. molecules.\nD. protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of", "choices": {"text": ["protons.", "isotopes.", "electrons.", "molecules."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of\nA. protons.\nB. isotopes.\nC. electrons.\nD. molecules.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons.", "isotopes.", "molecules.", "protons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of\n1. electrons.\n2. isotopes.\n3. molecules.\n4. protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons.", "isotopes.", "molecules.", "protons."], "label": ["J", "P", "K", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of\nJ. electrons.\nP. isotopes.\nK. molecules.\nI. protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of", "choices": {"text": ["protons.", "isotopes.", "electrons.", "molecules."], "label": ["J", "P", "K", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: All atoms of an element have in their nuclei the same number of\nJ. protons.\nP. isotopes.\nK. electrons.\nI. molecules.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3647}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408344", "question": "Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "light", "mechanical", "wind"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?\nA. electrical\nB. light\nC. mechanical\nD. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "wind", "mechanical", "light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?\nA. electrical\nB. wind\nC. mechanical\nD. light\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "light", "mechanical", "wind"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?\n1. electrical\n2. light\n3. mechanical\n4. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "light", "mechanical", "wind"], "label": ["L", "J", "T", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?\nL. electrical\nJ. light\nT. mechanical\nU. wind\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "wind", "mechanical", "light"], "label": ["L", "J", "T", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Henry learned that without the right kind of energy, plants cannot survive. What form of energy is used by plants to perform photosynthesis?\nL. electrical\nJ. wind\nT. mechanical\nU. light\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3648}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7171955", "question": "As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?", "choices": {"text": ["the division of cells in the plant", "the release of oxygen from the plant", "the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem", "the transportation of nutrients from the roots"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?\nA. the division of cells in the plant\nB. the release of oxygen from the plant\nC. the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem\nD. the transportation of nutrients from the roots\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?", "choices": {"text": ["the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem", "the transportation of nutrients from the roots", "the release of oxygen from the plant", "the division of cells in the plant"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?\nA. the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem\nB. the transportation of nutrients from the roots\nC. the release of oxygen from the plant\nD. the division of cells in the plant\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?", "choices": {"text": ["the division of cells in the plant", "the release of oxygen from the plant", "the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem", "the transportation of nutrients from the roots"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?\n1. the division of cells in the plant\n2. the release of oxygen from the plant\n3. the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem\n4. the transportation of nutrients from the roots\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?", "choices": {"text": ["the division of cells in the plant", "the release of oxygen from the plant", "the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem", "the transportation of nutrients from the roots"], "label": ["I", "G", "C", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?\nI. the division of cells in the plant\nG. the release of oxygen from the plant\nC. the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem\nK. the transportation of nutrients from the roots\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?", "choices": {"text": ["the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem", "the transportation of nutrients from the roots", "the release of oxygen from the plant", "the division of cells in the plant"], "label": ["I", "G", "C", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a corn plant ages, its leaves grow. Which process is directly responsible for the growth of these leaves?\nI. the absorption of carbon dioxide in the stem\nG. the transportation of nutrients from the roots\nC. the release of oxygen from the plant\nK. the division of cells in the plant\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3649}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7013895", "question": "Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?", "choices": {"text": ["Newton", "Dalton", "Galileo", "Copernicus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?\nA. Newton\nB. Dalton\nC. Galileo\nD. Copernicus\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?", "choices": {"text": ["Galileo", "Copernicus", "Dalton", "Newton"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?\nA. Galileo\nB. Copernicus\nC. Dalton\nD. Newton\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?", "choices": {"text": ["Newton", "Dalton", "Galileo", "Copernicus"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?\n1. Newton\n2. Dalton\n3. Galileo\n4. Copernicus\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?", "choices": {"text": ["Newton", "Dalton", "Galileo", "Copernicus"], "label": ["P", "C", "K", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?\nP. Newton\nC. Dalton\nK. Galileo\nH. Copernicus\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?", "choices": {"text": ["Galileo", "Copernicus", "Dalton", "Newton"], "label": ["P", "C", "K", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist is best known for research that led to the modern understanding of the atom?\nP. Galileo\nC. Copernicus\nK. Dalton\nH. Newton\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3650}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_8_17682", "question": "Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "immune", "respiratory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?\nA. digestive\nB. excretory\nC. immune\nD. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?", "choices": {"text": ["immune", "excretory", "digestive", "respiratory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?\nA. immune\nB. excretory\nC. digestive\nD. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "immune", "respiratory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?\n1. digestive\n2. excretory\n3. immune\n4. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "immune", "respiratory"], "label": ["X", "Y", "K", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?\nX. digestive\nY. excretory\nK. immune\nH. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?", "choices": {"text": ["immune", "excretory", "digestive", "respiratory"], "label": ["X", "Y", "K", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system typically recognizes, attacks, and destroys foreign cells or substances that may cause disease?\nX. immune\nY. excretory\nK. digestive\nH. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3651}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7194320", "question": "Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?", "choices": {"text": ["semipermeable", "impervious", "resilient", "unyielding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?\nA. semipermeable\nB. impervious\nC. resilient\nD. unyielding\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?", "choices": {"text": ["impervious", "unyielding", "resilient", "semipermeable"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?\nA. impervious\nB. unyielding\nC. resilient\nD. semipermeable\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?", "choices": {"text": ["semipermeable", "impervious", "resilient", "unyielding"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?\n1. semipermeable\n2. impervious\n3. resilient\n4. unyielding\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?", "choices": {"text": ["semipermeable", "impervious", "resilient", "unyielding"], "label": ["L", "E", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?\nL. semipermeable\nE. impervious\nA. resilient\nH. unyielding\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?", "choices": {"text": ["impervious", "unyielding", "resilient", "semipermeable"], "label": ["L", "E", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cell membranes allow some molecules to move freely across the membrane, while other molecules are restricted. Which term best describes this capability of a cell membrane?\nL. impervious\nE. unyielding\nA. resilient\nH. semipermeable\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3652}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7029785", "question": "Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?", "choices": {"text": ["Heat flows from the tea to the ice.", "Cold flows from the ice to the tea.", "Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea.", "Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?\nA. Heat flows from the tea to the ice.\nB. Cold flows from the ice to the tea.\nC. Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea.\nD. Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?", "choices": {"text": ["Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea.", "Heat flows from the tea to the ice.", "Cold flows from the ice to the tea.", "Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?\nA. Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea.\nB. Heat flows from the tea to the ice.\nC. Cold flows from the ice to the tea.\nD. Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?", "choices": {"text": ["Heat flows from the tea to the ice.", "Cold flows from the ice to the tea.", "Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea.", "Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?\n1. Heat flows from the tea to the ice.\n2. Cold flows from the ice to the tea.\n3. Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea.\n4. Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?", "choices": {"text": ["Heat flows from the tea to the ice.", "Cold flows from the ice to the tea.", "Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea.", "Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea."], "label": ["H", "O", "I", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?\nH. Heat flows from the tea to the ice.\nO. Cold flows from the ice to the tea.\nI. Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea.\nN. Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?", "choices": {"text": ["Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea.", "Heat flows from the tea to the ice.", "Cold flows from the ice to the tea.", "Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea."], "label": ["H", "O", "I", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the transfer of energy when an ice cube is placed in a cup of hot tea?\nH. Heat flows simultaneously between the ice and the tea.\nO. Heat flows from the tea to the ice.\nI. Cold flows from the ice to the tea.\nN. Cold flows from the ice, and heat flows from the tea.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3653}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7284008", "question": "Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?", "choices": {"text": ["mutualism", "predation", "parasitism", "coexistence"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?\nA. mutualism\nB. predation\nC. parasitism\nD. coexistence\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?", "choices": {"text": ["coexistence", "mutualism", "predation", "parasitism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?\nA. coexistence\nB. mutualism\nC. predation\nD. parasitism\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?", "choices": {"text": ["mutualism", "predation", "parasitism", "coexistence"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?\n1. mutualism\n2. predation\n3. parasitism\n4. coexistence\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?", "choices": {"text": ["mutualism", "predation", "parasitism", "coexistence"], "label": ["R", "A", "G", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?\nR. mutualism\nA. predation\nG. parasitism\nM. coexistence\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?", "choices": {"text": ["coexistence", "mutualism", "predation", "parasitism"], "label": ["R", "A", "G", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most cooperative relationship between species?\nR. coexistence\nA. mutualism\nG. predation\nM. parasitism\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3654}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_402093", "question": "A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["learned behavior.", "adaptive behavior.", "inherited behavior.", "instinctive behavior."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of\nA. learned behavior.\nB. adaptive behavior.\nC. inherited behavior.\nD. instinctive behavior.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["inherited behavior.", "learned behavior.", "instinctive behavior.", "adaptive behavior."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of\nA. inherited behavior.\nB. learned behavior.\nC. instinctive behavior.\nD. adaptive behavior.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["learned behavior.", "adaptive behavior.", "inherited behavior.", "instinctive behavior."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of\n1. learned behavior.\n2. adaptive behavior.\n3. inherited behavior.\n4. instinctive behavior.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["learned behavior.", "adaptive behavior.", "inherited behavior.", "instinctive behavior."], "label": ["K", "O", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of\nK. learned behavior.\nO. adaptive behavior.\nB. inherited behavior.\nX. instinctive behavior.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["inherited behavior.", "learned behavior.", "instinctive behavior.", "adaptive behavior."], "label": ["K", "O", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dog rolls over and receives a treat. The dog rolls over again. This is an example of\nK. inherited behavior.\nO. learned behavior.\nB. instinctive behavior.\nX. adaptive behavior.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3655}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_401313", "question": "Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous", "metallic", "metamorphic", "sedimentary"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?\nA. igneous\nB. metallic\nC. metamorphic\nD. sedimentary\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphic", "igneous", "sedimentary", "metallic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?\nA. metamorphic\nB. igneous\nC. sedimentary\nD. metallic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous", "metallic", "metamorphic", "sedimentary"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?\n1. igneous\n2. metallic\n3. metamorphic\n4. sedimentary\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous", "metallic", "metamorphic", "sedimentary"], "label": ["J", "V", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?\nJ. igneous\nV. metallic\nN. metamorphic\nI. sedimentary\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?", "choices": {"text": ["metamorphic", "igneous", "sedimentary", "metallic"], "label": ["J", "V", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of rock is formed when particles are compacted and cemented together?\nJ. metamorphic\nV. igneous\nN. sedimentary\nI. metallic\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3656}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405490", "question": "Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?", "choices": {"text": ["Both are forces.", "Both affect weather.", "Both form new kinds of rock.", "Both are forms of weathering."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?\nA. Both are forces.\nB. Both affect weather.\nC. Both form new kinds of rock.\nD. Both are forms of weathering.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?", "choices": {"text": ["Both form new kinds of rock.", "Both affect weather.", "Both are forms of weathering.", "Both are forces."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?\nA. Both form new kinds of rock.\nB. Both affect weather.\nC. Both are forms of weathering.\nD. Both are forces.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?", "choices": {"text": ["Both are forces.", "Both affect weather.", "Both form new kinds of rock.", "Both are forms of weathering."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?\n1. Both are forces.\n2. Both affect weather.\n3. Both form new kinds of rock.\n4. Both are forms of weathering.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?", "choices": {"text": ["Both are forces.", "Both affect weather.", "Both form new kinds of rock.", "Both are forms of weathering."], "label": ["M", "Y", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?\nM. Both are forces.\nY. Both affect weather.\nC. Both form new kinds of rock.\nD. Both are forms of weathering.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?", "choices": {"text": ["Both form new kinds of rock.", "Both affect weather.", "Both are forms of weathering.", "Both are forces."], "label": ["M", "Y", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tree roots can grow into rock and break it apart. Water can freeze in the cracks of rock, causing it to break apart. How are these two processes alike?\nM. Both form new kinds of rock.\nY. Both affect weather.\nC. Both are forms of weathering.\nD. Both are forces.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3657}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7160528", "question": "Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?", "choices": {"text": ["ice melting", "ice sublimating", "water evaporating", "water freezing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?\nA. ice melting\nB. ice sublimating\nC. water evaporating\nD. water freezing\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?", "choices": {"text": ["water freezing", "ice sublimating", "water evaporating", "ice melting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?\nA. water freezing\nB. ice sublimating\nC. water evaporating\nD. ice melting\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?", "choices": {"text": ["ice melting", "ice sublimating", "water evaporating", "water freezing"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?\n1. ice melting\n2. ice sublimating\n3. water evaporating\n4. water freezing\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?", "choices": {"text": ["ice melting", "ice sublimating", "water evaporating", "water freezing"], "label": ["N", "A", "E", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?\nN. ice melting\nA. ice sublimating\nE. water evaporating\nU. water freezing\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?", "choices": {"text": ["water freezing", "ice sublimating", "water evaporating", "ice melting"], "label": ["N", "A", "E", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?\nN. water freezing\nA. ice sublimating\nE. water evaporating\nU. ice melting\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3658}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_8_pg130", "question": "Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans", "rivers", "lakes", "polar ice caps"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?\nA. oceans\nB. rivers\nC. lakes\nD. polar ice caps\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "rivers", "polar ice caps", "oceans"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?\nA. lakes\nB. rivers\nC. polar ice caps\nD. oceans\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans", "rivers", "lakes", "polar ice caps"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?\n1. oceans\n2. rivers\n3. lakes\n4. polar ice caps\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans", "rivers", "lakes", "polar ice caps"], "label": ["B", "L", "O", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?\nB. oceans\nL. rivers\nO. lakes\nU. polar ice caps\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?", "choices": {"text": ["lakes", "rivers", "polar ice caps", "oceans"], "label": ["B", "L", "O", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?\nB. lakes\nL. rivers\nO. polar ice caps\nU. oceans\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3659}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7083773", "question": "When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms", "choices": {"text": ["compounds.", "atoms.", "protons.", "ions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms\nA. compounds.\nB. atoms.\nC. protons.\nD. ions.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms", "choices": {"text": ["atoms.", "ions.", "compounds.", "protons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms\nA. atoms.\nB. ions.\nC. compounds.\nD. protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms", "choices": {"text": ["compounds.", "atoms.", "protons.", "ions."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms\n1. compounds.\n2. atoms.\n3. protons.\n4. ions.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms", "choices": {"text": ["compounds.", "atoms.", "protons.", "ions."], "label": ["S", "X", "B", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms\nS. compounds.\nX. atoms.\nB. protons.\nE. ions.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms", "choices": {"text": ["atoms.", "ions.", "compounds.", "protons."], "label": ["S", "X", "B", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a molecule is separated into its component parts, it forms\nS. atoms.\nX. ions.\nB. compounds.\nE. protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3660}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7188860", "question": "The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?", "choices": {"text": ["a planet", "a comet", "a moon", "a star"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?\nA. a planet\nB. a comet\nC. a moon\nD. a star\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?", "choices": {"text": ["a comet", "a star", "a moon", "a planet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?\nA. a comet\nB. a star\nC. a moon\nD. a planet\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?", "choices": {"text": ["a planet", "a comet", "a moon", "a star"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?\n1. a planet\n2. a comet\n3. a moon\n4. a star\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?", "choices": {"text": ["a planet", "a comet", "a moon", "a star"], "label": ["G", "N", "U", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?\nG. a planet\nN. a comet\nU. a moon\nA. a star\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?", "choices": {"text": ["a comet", "a star", "a moon", "a planet"], "label": ["G", "N", "U", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: The universe is believed to be approximately 14 billion years old. As a result of gravitational attraction, which most likely developed first after the Big Bang?\nG. a comet\nN. a star\nU. a moon\nA. a planet\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3661}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_5_14", "question": "Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?", "choices": {"text": ["to move water throughout the body", "to provide structural support for the body", "to eliminate waste from the body", "to transport gases throughout the body"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?\nA. to move water throughout the body\nB. to provide structural support for the body\nC. to eliminate waste from the body\nD. to transport gases throughout the body\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?", "choices": {"text": ["to eliminate waste from the body", "to move water throughout the body", "to transport gases throughout the body", "to provide structural support for the body"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?\nA. to eliminate waste from the body\nB. to move water throughout the body\nC. to transport gases throughout the body\nD. to provide structural support for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?", "choices": {"text": ["to move water throughout the body", "to provide structural support for the body", "to eliminate waste from the body", "to transport gases throughout the body"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?\n1. to move water throughout the body\n2. to provide structural support for the body\n3. to eliminate waste from the body\n4. to transport gases throughout the body\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?", "choices": {"text": ["to move water throughout the body", "to provide structural support for the body", "to eliminate waste from the body", "to transport gases throughout the body"], "label": ["P", "H", "U", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?\nP. to move water throughout the body\nH. to provide structural support for the body\nU. to eliminate waste from the body\nC. to transport gases throughout the body\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?", "choices": {"text": ["to eliminate waste from the body", "to move water throughout the body", "to transport gases throughout the body", "to provide structural support for the body"], "label": ["P", "H", "U", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a function of the cardiovascular system?\nP. to eliminate waste from the body\nH. to move water throughout the body\nU. to transport gases throughout the body\nC. to provide structural support for the body\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3662}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7113803", "question": "When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring", "choices": {"text": ["will be genetically identical to the parent plant.", "will be better able to adapt to the environment.", "will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.", "will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring\nA. will be genetically identical to the parent plant.\nB. will be better able to adapt to the environment.\nC. will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.\nD. will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring", "choices": {"text": ["will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.", "will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.", "will be better able to adapt to the environment.", "will be genetically identical to the parent plant."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring\nA. will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.\nB. will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.\nC. will be better able to adapt to the environment.\nD. will be genetically identical to the parent plant.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring", "choices": {"text": ["will be genetically identical to the parent plant.", "will be better able to adapt to the environment.", "will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.", "will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring\n1. will be genetically identical to the parent plant.\n2. will be better able to adapt to the environment.\n3. will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.\n4. will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring", "choices": {"text": ["will be genetically identical to the parent plant.", "will be better able to adapt to the environment.", "will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.", "will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant."], "label": ["T", "Z", "M", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring\nT. will be genetically identical to the parent plant.\nZ. will be better able to adapt to the environment.\nM. will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.\nF. will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring", "choices": {"text": ["will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.", "will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.", "will be better able to adapt to the environment.", "will be genetically identical to the parent plant."], "label": ["T", "Z", "M", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a fern reproduces with spores, the offspring\nT. will have half the genetic materials of the parent plant.\nZ. will have twice the genetic materials of the parent plant.\nM. will be better able to adapt to the environment.\nF. will be genetically identical to the parent plant.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3663}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401136", "question": "The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation.", "evaporation.", "condensation.", "translation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as\nA. precipitation.\nB. evaporation.\nC. condensation.\nD. translation.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation.", "translation.", "condensation.", "evaporation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as\nA. precipitation.\nB. translation.\nC. condensation.\nD. evaporation.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation.", "evaporation.", "condensation.", "translation."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as\n1. precipitation.\n2. evaporation.\n3. condensation.\n4. translation.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation.", "evaporation.", "condensation.", "translation."], "label": ["Q", "L", "J", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as\nQ. precipitation.\nL. evaporation.\nJ. condensation.\nZ. translation.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation.", "translation.", "condensation.", "evaporation."], "label": ["Q", "L", "J", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The process of water changing from its liquid state to a gas in the water cycle is known as\nQ. precipitation.\nL. translation.\nJ. condensation.\nZ. evaporation.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3664}
{"arc_id": "LEAP__7_10342", "question": "In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?", "choices": {"text": ["across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration", "across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations", "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration", "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?\nA. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration\nB. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations\nC. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration\nD. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?", "choices": {"text": ["across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations", "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations", "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration", "across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?\nA. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations\nB. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations\nC. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration\nD. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?", "choices": {"text": ["across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration", "across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations", "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration", "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?\n1. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration\n2. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations\n3. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration\n4. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?", "choices": {"text": ["across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration", "across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations", "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration", "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations"], "label": ["L", "V", "D", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?\nL. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration\nV. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations\nD. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration\nU. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?", "choices": {"text": ["across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations", "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations", "across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration", "across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration"], "label": ["L", "V", "D", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which situation would osmosis most likely occur in cells?\nL. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations\nV. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations\nD. across a nonpermeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration\nU. across a permeable membrane that separates solutions of the same concentration\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3665}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405838", "question": "A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?", "choices": {"text": ["goggles", "binoculars", "sunglasses", "microscope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?\nA. goggles\nB. binoculars\nC. sunglasses\nD. microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?", "choices": {"text": ["microscope", "sunglasses", "goggles", "binoculars"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?\nA. microscope\nB. sunglasses\nC. goggles\nD. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?", "choices": {"text": ["goggles", "binoculars", "sunglasses", "microscope"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?\n1. goggles\n2. binoculars\n3. sunglasses\n4. microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?", "choices": {"text": ["goggles", "binoculars", "sunglasses", "microscope"], "label": ["M", "X", "P", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?\nM. goggles\nX. binoculars\nP. sunglasses\nQ. microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?", "choices": {"text": ["microscope", "sunglasses", "goggles", "binoculars"], "label": ["M", "X", "P", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is watching birds from far away. Which object is the scientist most likely using to watch the birds?\nM. microscope\nX. sunglasses\nP. goggles\nQ. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3666}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_26", "question": "Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the", "choices": {"text": ["structure of Earth's interior", "depth of the oceans", "cause of dinosaur extinction", "age of Earth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the\nA. structure of Earth's interior\nB. depth of the oceans\nC. cause of dinosaur extinction\nD. age of Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the", "choices": {"text": ["age of Earth", "depth of the oceans", "cause of dinosaur extinction", "structure of Earth's interior"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the\nA. age of Earth\nB. depth of the oceans\nC. cause of dinosaur extinction\nD. structure of Earth's interior\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the", "choices": {"text": ["structure of Earth's interior", "depth of the oceans", "cause of dinosaur extinction", "age of Earth"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the\n1. structure of Earth's interior\n2. depth of the oceans\n3. cause of dinosaur extinction\n4. age of Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the", "choices": {"text": ["structure of Earth's interior", "depth of the oceans", "cause of dinosaur extinction", "age of Earth"], "label": ["W", "Z", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the\nW. structure of Earth's interior\nZ. depth of the oceans\nI. cause of dinosaur extinction\nT. age of Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the", "choices": {"text": ["age of Earth", "depth of the oceans", "cause of dinosaur extinction", "structure of Earth's interior"], "label": ["W", "Z", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the\nW. age of Earth\nZ. depth of the oceans\nI. cause of dinosaur extinction\nT. structure of Earth's interior\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3667}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1999_4_15", "question": "Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by", "choices": {"text": ["catching food.", "preventing water loss.", "staying in place.", "reproducing."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by\nA. catching food.\nB. preventing water loss.\nC. staying in place.\nD. reproducing.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by", "choices": {"text": ["preventing water loss.", "catching food.", "reproducing.", "staying in place."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by\nA. preventing water loss.\nB. catching food.\nC. reproducing.\nD. staying in place.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by", "choices": {"text": ["catching food.", "preventing water loss.", "staying in place.", "reproducing."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by\n1. catching food.\n2. preventing water loss.\n3. staying in place.\n4. reproducing.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by", "choices": {"text": ["catching food.", "preventing water loss.", "staying in place.", "reproducing."], "label": ["A", "F", "N", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by\nA. catching food.\nF. preventing water loss.\nN. staying in place.\nC. reproducing.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by", "choices": {"text": ["preventing water loss.", "catching food.", "reproducing.", "staying in place."], "label": ["A", "F", "N", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Needles on a cactus plant are actually leaves. This needle shape helps the plant survive by\nA. preventing water loss.\nF. catching food.\nN. reproducing.\nC. staying in place.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3668}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_414155", "question": "Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["leaves", "moisture", "vegetables", "microorganisms"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?\nA. leaves\nB. moisture\nC. vegetables\nD. microorganisms\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["vegetables", "moisture", "microorganisms", "leaves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?\nA. vegetables\nB. moisture\nC. microorganisms\nD. leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["leaves", "moisture", "vegetables", "microorganisms"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?\n1. leaves\n2. moisture\n3. vegetables\n4. microorganisms\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["leaves", "moisture", "vegetables", "microorganisms"], "label": ["H", "X", "F", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?\nH. leaves\nX. moisture\nF. vegetables\nT. microorganisms\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["vegetables", "moisture", "microorganisms", "leaves"], "label": ["H", "X", "F", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Compost piles have many parts, such as leaves, moisture, vegetables, and microorganisms. Which part of a compost pile breaks down materials and adds nutrients to the soil?\nH. vegetables\nX. moisture\nF. microorganisms\nT. leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3669}
{"arc_id": "CSZ_2008_8_12", "question": "A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts", "choices": {"text": ["an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.", "a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.", "an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.", "a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts\nA. an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.\nB. a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.\nC. an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.\nD. a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts", "choices": {"text": ["a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.", "a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.", "an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.", "an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts\nA. a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.\nB. a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.\nC. an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.\nD. an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts", "choices": {"text": ["an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.", "a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.", "an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.", "a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts\n1. an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.\n2. a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.\n3. an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.\n4. a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts", "choices": {"text": ["an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.", "a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.", "an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.", "a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water."], "label": ["G", "K", "M", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts\nG. an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.\nK. a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.\nM. an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.\nU. a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts", "choices": {"text": ["a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.", "a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.", "an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.", "an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water."], "label": ["G", "K", "M", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A piece of pine wood floats on the surface of a lake because the water exerts\nG. a downward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.\nK. a downward force equal to the weight of the wood.\nM. an upward force equal to the weight of the wood.\nU. an upward force equal to the weight of the displacement water.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3670}
{"arc_id": "CSZ_2005_5_CSZ20517", "question": "All living things contain which element?", "choices": {"text": ["helium.", "sodium.", "copper.", "carbon."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things contain which element?\nA. helium.\nB. sodium.\nC. copper.\nD. carbon.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things contain which element?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon.", "helium.", "copper.", "sodium."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things contain which element?\nA. carbon.\nB. helium.\nC. copper.\nD. sodium.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things contain which element?", "choices": {"text": ["helium.", "sodium.", "copper.", "carbon."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things contain which element?\n1. helium.\n2. sodium.\n3. copper.\n4. carbon.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things contain which element?", "choices": {"text": ["helium.", "sodium.", "copper.", "carbon."], "label": ["H", "P", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things contain which element?\nH. helium.\nP. sodium.\nN. copper.\nK. carbon.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things contain which element?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon.", "helium.", "copper.", "sodium."], "label": ["H", "P", "N", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things contain which element?\nH. carbon.\nP. helium.\nN. copper.\nK. sodium.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3671}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406543", "question": "A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["the time to begin", "the volume of the cup", "the temperature of the ice", "the type of thermometer to use"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?\nA. the time to begin\nB. the volume of the cup\nC. the temperature of the ice\nD. the type of thermometer to use\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["the volume of the cup", "the temperature of the ice", "the time to begin", "the type of thermometer to use"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?\nA. the volume of the cup\nB. the temperature of the ice\nC. the time to begin\nD. the type of thermometer to use\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["the time to begin", "the volume of the cup", "the temperature of the ice", "the type of thermometer to use"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?\n1. the time to begin\n2. the volume of the cup\n3. the temperature of the ice\n4. the type of thermometer to use\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["the time to begin", "the volume of the cup", "the temperature of the ice", "the type of thermometer to use"], "label": ["B", "Q", "D", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?\nB. the time to begin\nQ. the volume of the cup\nD. the temperature of the ice\nV. the type of thermometer to use\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["the volume of the cup", "the temperature of the ice", "the time to begin", "the type of thermometer to use"], "label": ["B", "Q", "D", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student performed an experiment to see how long it would take for a cup of water to freeze. Which information would another student most likely need in order to perform the same experiment?\nB. the volume of the cup\nQ. the temperature of the ice\nD. the time to begin\nV. the type of thermometer to use\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3672}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406688", "question": "A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?", "choices": {"text": ["compare how the soils are alike", "put the soils into different groups", "record the weight of the soil", "watch how quickly the soil drains"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?\nA. compare how the soils are alike\nB. put the soils into different groups\nC. record the weight of the soil\nD. watch how quickly the soil drains\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?", "choices": {"text": ["put the soils into different groups", "watch how quickly the soil drains", "record the weight of the soil", "compare how the soils are alike"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?\nA. put the soils into different groups\nB. watch how quickly the soil drains\nC. record the weight of the soil\nD. compare how the soils are alike\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?", "choices": {"text": ["compare how the soils are alike", "put the soils into different groups", "record the weight of the soil", "watch how quickly the soil drains"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?\n1. compare how the soils are alike\n2. put the soils into different groups\n3. record the weight of the soil\n4. watch how quickly the soil drains\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?", "choices": {"text": ["compare how the soils are alike", "put the soils into different groups", "record the weight of the soil", "watch how quickly the soil drains"], "label": ["E", "W", "M", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?\nE. compare how the soils are alike\nW. put the soils into different groups\nM. record the weight of the soil\nB. watch how quickly the soil drains\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?", "choices": {"text": ["put the soils into different groups", "watch how quickly the soil drains", "record the weight of the soil", "compare how the soils are alike"], "label": ["E", "W", "M", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to know which type of soil holds the most water. Which action should the student most likely do to answer the question?\nE. put the soils into different groups\nW. watch how quickly the soil drains\nM. record the weight of the soil\nB. compare how the soils are alike\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3673}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7205748", "question": "Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?", "choices": {"text": ["laws passed by the government", "Internet sites discussing star formation", "pictures of stars of different ages", "evaluation of data by many scientists"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?\nA. laws passed by the government\nB. Internet sites discussing star formation\nC. pictures of stars of different ages\nD. evaluation of data by many scientists\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?", "choices": {"text": ["pictures of stars of different ages", "laws passed by the government", "evaluation of data by many scientists", "Internet sites discussing star formation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?\nA. pictures of stars of different ages\nB. laws passed by the government\nC. evaluation of data by many scientists\nD. Internet sites discussing star formation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?", "choices": {"text": ["laws passed by the government", "Internet sites discussing star formation", "pictures of stars of different ages", "evaluation of data by many scientists"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?\n1. laws passed by the government\n2. Internet sites discussing star formation\n3. pictures of stars of different ages\n4. evaluation of data by many scientists\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?", "choices": {"text": ["laws passed by the government", "Internet sites discussing star formation", "pictures of stars of different ages", "evaluation of data by many scientists"], "label": ["V", "P", "I", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?\nV. laws passed by the government\nP. Internet sites discussing star formation\nI. pictures of stars of different ages\nH. evaluation of data by many scientists\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?", "choices": {"text": ["pictures of stars of different ages", "laws passed by the government", "evaluation of data by many scientists", "Internet sites discussing star formation"], "label": ["V", "P", "I", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is required to support the theory of star formation?\nV. pictures of stars of different ages\nP. laws passed by the government\nI. evaluation of data by many scientists\nH. Internet sites discussing star formation\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3674}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7007473", "question": "The frequency of a wave is measured in", "choices": {"text": ["hertz.", "meters.", "hertz/second.", "meters/minute."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The frequency of a wave is measured in\nA. hertz.\nB. meters.\nC. hertz/second.\nD. meters/minute.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The frequency of a wave is measured in", "choices": {"text": ["hertz/second.", "hertz.", "meters.", "meters/minute."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The frequency of a wave is measured in\nA. hertz/second.\nB. hertz.\nC. meters.\nD. meters/minute.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The frequency of a wave is measured in", "choices": {"text": ["hertz.", "meters.", "hertz/second.", "meters/minute."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The frequency of a wave is measured in\n1. hertz.\n2. meters.\n3. hertz/second.\n4. meters/minute.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The frequency of a wave is measured in", "choices": {"text": ["hertz.", "meters.", "hertz/second.", "meters/minute."], "label": ["I", "G", "M", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The frequency of a wave is measured in\nI. hertz.\nG. meters.\nM. hertz/second.\nW. meters/minute.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The frequency of a wave is measured in", "choices": {"text": ["hertz/second.", "hertz.", "meters.", "meters/minute."], "label": ["I", "G", "M", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The frequency of a wave is measured in\nI. hertz/second.\nG. hertz.\nM. meters.\nW. meters/minute.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3675}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_4_14", "question": "Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["a large glacier forming on a mountain", "strong winds wearing away a rock cliff", "a major earthquake happening in a mountain range", "many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?\nA. a large glacier forming on a mountain\nB. strong winds wearing away a rock cliff\nC. a major earthquake happening in a mountain range\nD. many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["a large glacier forming on a mountain", "a major earthquake happening in a mountain range", "strong winds wearing away a rock cliff", "many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?\nA. a large glacier forming on a mountain\nB. a major earthquake happening in a mountain range\nC. strong winds wearing away a rock cliff\nD. many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["a large glacier forming on a mountain", "strong winds wearing away a rock cliff", "a major earthquake happening in a mountain range", "many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?\n1. a large glacier forming on a mountain\n2. strong winds wearing away a rock cliff\n3. a major earthquake happening in a mountain range\n4. many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["a large glacier forming on a mountain", "strong winds wearing away a rock cliff", "a major earthquake happening in a mountain range", "many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach"], "label": ["A", "N", "W", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?\nA. a large glacier forming on a mountain\nN. strong winds wearing away a rock cliff\nW. a major earthquake happening in a mountain range\nS. many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["a large glacier forming on a mountain", "a major earthquake happening in a mountain range", "strong winds wearing away a rock cliff", "many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach"], "label": ["A", "N", "W", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process causes the fastest changes to the surface of Earth?\nA. a large glacier forming on a mountain\nN. a major earthquake happening in a mountain range\nW. strong winds wearing away a rock cliff\nS. many waves on a lake moving pebbles onto a beach\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3676}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008348", "question": "Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of", "choices": {"text": ["irrigation.", "evaporation.", "precipitation.", "transpiration."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of\nA. irrigation.\nB. evaporation.\nC. precipitation.\nD. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of", "choices": {"text": ["transpiration.", "precipitation.", "irrigation.", "evaporation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of\nA. transpiration.\nB. precipitation.\nC. irrigation.\nD. evaporation.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of", "choices": {"text": ["irrigation.", "evaporation.", "precipitation.", "transpiration."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of\n1. irrigation.\n2. evaporation.\n3. precipitation.\n4. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of", "choices": {"text": ["irrigation.", "evaporation.", "precipitation.", "transpiration."], "label": ["G", "B", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of\nG. irrigation.\nB. evaporation.\nO. precipitation.\nN. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of", "choices": {"text": ["transpiration.", "precipitation.", "irrigation.", "evaporation."], "label": ["G", "B", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms contribute to the water cycle mainly through the process of\nG. transpiration.\nB. precipitation.\nO. irrigation.\nN. evaporation.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3677}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401838", "question": "Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?", "choices": {"text": ["ruler", "telescope", "microscope", "meter stick"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?\nA. ruler\nB. telescope\nC. microscope\nD. meter stick\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?", "choices": {"text": ["ruler", "microscope", "telescope", "meter stick"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?\nA. ruler\nB. microscope\nC. telescope\nD. meter stick\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?", "choices": {"text": ["ruler", "telescope", "microscope", "meter stick"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?\n1. ruler\n2. telescope\n3. microscope\n4. meter stick\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?", "choices": {"text": ["ruler", "telescope", "microscope", "meter stick"], "label": ["N", "T", "U", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?\nN. ruler\nT. telescope\nU. microscope\nC. meter stick\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?", "choices": {"text": ["ruler", "microscope", "telescope", "meter stick"], "label": ["N", "T", "U", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these tools is most helpful to a scientist observing very small bacteria?\nN. ruler\nT. microscope\nU. telescope\nC. meter stick\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3678}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7018428", "question": "Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because", "choices": {"text": ["fluorescent light is a luminous light.", "incandescent light produces more heat.", "fluorescent light has a lower frequency.", "incandescent light causes a chemical reaction."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because\nA. fluorescent light is a luminous light.\nB. incandescent light produces more heat.\nC. fluorescent light has a lower frequency.\nD. incandescent light causes a chemical reaction.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because", "choices": {"text": ["incandescent light produces more heat.", "incandescent light causes a chemical reaction.", "fluorescent light is a luminous light.", "fluorescent light has a lower frequency."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because\nA. incandescent light produces more heat.\nB. incandescent light causes a chemical reaction.\nC. fluorescent light is a luminous light.\nD. fluorescent light has a lower frequency.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because", "choices": {"text": ["fluorescent light is a luminous light.", "incandescent light produces more heat.", "fluorescent light has a lower frequency.", "incandescent light causes a chemical reaction."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because\n1. fluorescent light is a luminous light.\n2. incandescent light produces more heat.\n3. fluorescent light has a lower frequency.\n4. incandescent light causes a chemical reaction.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because", "choices": {"text": ["fluorescent light is a luminous light.", "incandescent light produces more heat.", "fluorescent light has a lower frequency.", "incandescent light causes a chemical reaction."], "label": ["Y", "B", "D", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because\nY. fluorescent light is a luminous light.\nB. incandescent light produces more heat.\nD. fluorescent light has a lower frequency.\nH. incandescent light causes a chemical reaction.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because", "choices": {"text": ["incandescent light produces more heat.", "incandescent light causes a chemical reaction.", "fluorescent light is a luminous light.", "fluorescent light has a lower frequency."], "label": ["Y", "B", "D", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Apple slices were divided evenly between two identical metal boxes. A lighted 20-watt incandescent light bulb was placed in box A, and a lighted 20-watt fluorescent light was placed in box B. The apple slices in box A dried faster than those in box B because\nY. incandescent light produces more heat.\nB. incandescent light causes a chemical reaction.\nD. fluorescent light is a luminous light.\nH. fluorescent light has a lower frequency.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3679}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10272", "question": "What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["summer", "fall", "winter", "spring"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?\nA. summer\nB. fall\nC. winter\nD. spring\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["summer", "winter", "spring", "fall"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?\nA. summer\nB. winter\nC. spring\nD. fall\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["summer", "fall", "winter", "spring"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?\n1. summer\n2. fall\n3. winter\n4. spring\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["summer", "fall", "winter", "spring"], "label": ["Q", "E", "U", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?\nQ. summer\nE. fall\nU. winter\nB. spring\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["summer", "winter", "spring", "fall"], "label": ["Q", "E", "U", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: What season is it in the United States when the South Pole is tilted toward the Sun?\nQ. summer\nE. winter\nU. spring\nB. fall\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3680}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_411737", "question": "Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "green", "violet", "yellow"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?\nA. red\nB. green\nC. violet\nD. yellow\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?", "choices": {"text": ["yellow", "violet", "green", "red"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?\nA. yellow\nB. violet\nC. green\nD. red\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "green", "violet", "yellow"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?\n1. red\n2. green\n3. violet\n4. yellow\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "green", "violet", "yellow"], "label": ["L", "N", "I", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?\nL. red\nN. green\nI. violet\nP. yellow\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?", "choices": {"text": ["yellow", "violet", "green", "red"], "label": ["L", "N", "I", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these colors of visible light has the shortest wavelength?\nL. yellow\nN. violet\nI. green\nP. red\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3681}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_8_17696", "question": "Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["kg", "hr", "m/s^2", "g/cm^3"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?\nA. kg\nB. hr\nC. m/s^2\nD. g/cm^3\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["hr", "g/cm^3", "m/s^2", "kg"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?\nA. hr\nB. g/cm^3\nC. m/s^2\nD. kg\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["kg", "hr", "m/s^2", "g/cm^3"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?\n1. kg\n2. hr\n3. m/s^2\n4. g/cm^3\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["kg", "hr", "m/s^2", "g/cm^3"], "label": ["J", "C", "R", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?\nJ. kg\nC. hr\nR. m/s^2\nA. g/cm^3\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["hr", "g/cm^3", "m/s^2", "kg"], "label": ["J", "C", "R", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following units best represents the density of an object?\nJ. hr\nC. g/cm^3\nR. m/s^2\nA. kg\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3682}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400060", "question": "Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?", "choices": {"text": ["The fossils changed locations.", "The area had a shift in climate.", "The land was once underwater.", "A glacier once covered the area."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?\nA. The fossils changed locations.\nB. The area had a shift in climate.\nC. The land was once underwater.\nD. A glacier once covered the area.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?", "choices": {"text": ["The area had a shift in climate.", "The land was once underwater.", "The fossils changed locations.", "A glacier once covered the area."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?\nA. The area had a shift in climate.\nB. The land was once underwater.\nC. The fossils changed locations.\nD. A glacier once covered the area.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?", "choices": {"text": ["The fossils changed locations.", "The area had a shift in climate.", "The land was once underwater.", "A glacier once covered the area."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?\n1. The fossils changed locations.\n2. The area had a shift in climate.\n3. The land was once underwater.\n4. A glacier once covered the area.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?", "choices": {"text": ["The fossils changed locations.", "The area had a shift in climate.", "The land was once underwater.", "A glacier once covered the area."], "label": ["W", "R", "L", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?\nW. The fossils changed locations.\nR. The area had a shift in climate.\nL. The land was once underwater.\nX. A glacier once covered the area.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?", "choices": {"text": ["The area had a shift in climate.", "The land was once underwater.", "The fossils changed locations.", "A glacier once covered the area."], "label": ["W", "R", "L", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement below best explains why several fossils of sea organisms were discovered buried deep in an area of dry land?\nW. The area had a shift in climate.\nR. The land was once underwater.\nL. The fossils changed locations.\nX. A glacier once covered the area.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3683}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7094395", "question": "Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?", "choices": {"text": ["diffusion", "mitosis", "osmosis", "respiration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?\nA. diffusion\nB. mitosis\nC. osmosis\nD. respiration\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?", "choices": {"text": ["mitosis", "diffusion", "respiration", "osmosis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?\nA. mitosis\nB. diffusion\nC. respiration\nD. osmosis\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?", "choices": {"text": ["diffusion", "mitosis", "osmosis", "respiration"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?\n1. diffusion\n2. mitosis\n3. osmosis\n4. respiration\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?", "choices": {"text": ["diffusion", "mitosis", "osmosis", "respiration"], "label": ["O", "L", "E", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?\nO. diffusion\nL. mitosis\nE. osmosis\nK. respiration\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?", "choices": {"text": ["mitosis", "diffusion", "respiration", "osmosis"], "label": ["O", "L", "E", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Last year Steve was shorter than his brother. This year Steve is taller than his brother. What cell process is directly responsible for Steve's growth?\nO. mitosis\nL. diffusion\nE. respiration\nK. osmosis\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3684}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_402634", "question": "In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?", "choices": {"text": ["gas", "liquid", "plasma", "solid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?\nA. gas\nB. liquid\nC. plasma\nD. solid\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?", "choices": {"text": ["plasma", "solid", "liquid", "gas"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?\nA. plasma\nB. solid\nC. liquid\nD. gas\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?", "choices": {"text": ["gas", "liquid", "plasma", "solid"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?\n1. gas\n2. liquid\n3. plasma\n4. solid\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?", "choices": {"text": ["gas", "liquid", "plasma", "solid"], "label": ["L", "Z", "I", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?\nL. gas\nZ. liquid\nI. plasma\nH. solid\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?", "choices": {"text": ["plasma", "solid", "liquid", "gas"], "label": ["L", "Z", "I", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which state are molecules of a substance arranged in the most orderly way?\nL. plasma\nZ. solid\nI. liquid\nH. gas\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3685}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7218908", "question": "Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["heat island", "rain shadow", "land breeze", "cold front"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?\nA. heat island\nB. rain shadow\nC. land breeze\nD. cold front\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["land breeze", "heat island", "cold front", "rain shadow"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?\nA. land breeze\nB. heat island\nC. cold front\nD. rain shadow\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["heat island", "rain shadow", "land breeze", "cold front"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?\n1. heat island\n2. rain shadow\n3. land breeze\n4. cold front\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["heat island", "rain shadow", "land breeze", "cold front"], "label": ["O", "F", "C", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?\nO. heat island\nF. rain shadow\nC. land breeze\nU. cold front\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?", "choices": {"text": ["land breeze", "heat island", "cold front", "rain shadow"], "label": ["O", "F", "C", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weather stations built in urban areas can be influenced by the human-made structures that surround these stations. Some of these weather stations used to determine mean temperatures in the United States have had the validity of the data questioned. Which human-produced effect could these urban weather stations be measuring?\nO. land breeze\nF. heat island\nC. cold front\nU. rain shadow\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3686}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7037275", "question": "How is the mass of an atom calculated?", "choices": {"text": ["add the number of protons to the number of electrons", "add the number of protons to the number of neutrons", "subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons", "subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is the mass of an atom calculated?\nA. add the number of protons to the number of electrons\nB. add the number of protons to the number of neutrons\nC. subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons\nD. subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How is the mass of an atom calculated?", "choices": {"text": ["subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons", "add the number of protons to the number of electrons", "add the number of protons to the number of neutrons", "subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is the mass of an atom calculated?\nA. subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons\nB. add the number of protons to the number of electrons\nC. add the number of protons to the number of neutrons\nD. subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How is the mass of an atom calculated?", "choices": {"text": ["add the number of protons to the number of electrons", "add the number of protons to the number of neutrons", "subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons", "subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is the mass of an atom calculated?\n1. add the number of protons to the number of electrons\n2. add the number of protons to the number of neutrons\n3. subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons\n4. subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How is the mass of an atom calculated?", "choices": {"text": ["add the number of protons to the number of electrons", "add the number of protons to the number of neutrons", "subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons", "subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons"], "label": ["T", "V", "M", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is the mass of an atom calculated?\nT. add the number of protons to the number of electrons\nV. add the number of protons to the number of neutrons\nM. subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons\nN. subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How is the mass of an atom calculated?", "choices": {"text": ["subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons", "add the number of protons to the number of electrons", "add the number of protons to the number of neutrons", "subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons"], "label": ["T", "V", "M", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is the mass of an atom calculated?\nT. subtract the number of electrons from the sum of protons and neutrons\nV. add the number of protons to the number of electrons\nM. add the number of protons to the number of neutrons\nN. subtract the number of protons from the number of neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3687}
{"arc_id": "LEAP__8_10366", "question": "Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that", "choices": {"text": ["grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.", "change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.", "have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.", "have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that\nA. grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.\nB. change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.\nC. have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.\nD. have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that", "choices": {"text": ["have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment.", "have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.", "grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.", "change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that\nA. have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment.\nB. have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.\nC. grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.\nD. change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that", "choices": {"text": ["grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.", "change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.", "have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.", "have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that\n1. grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.\n2. change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.\n3. have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.\n4. have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that", "choices": {"text": ["grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.", "change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.", "have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.", "have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment."], "label": ["W", "V", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that\nW. grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.\nV. change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.\nG. have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.\nY. have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that", "choices": {"text": ["have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment.", "have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.", "grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.", "change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them."], "label": ["W", "V", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over a long period, some flowering plants have become dependent on honey bees for pollination. In recent years, a form of mite has infected and killed the honey bees in many areas of the country. Since this has happened, the once bee-dependent plants with the best chance of surviving are those that\nW. have seeds that stay alive for a long time in the environment.\nV. have always attracted many other insects as wells as honey bees.\nG. grow taller so that the few remaining honey bees will find them.\nY. change their flowers so that wind will fertilize them.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3688}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7012495", "question": "Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?", "choices": {"text": ["an ion", "a proton", "a neutron", "an electron"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?\nA. an ion\nB. a proton\nC. a neutron\nD. an electron\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?", "choices": {"text": ["an electron", "an ion", "a proton", "a neutron"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?\nA. an electron\nB. an ion\nC. a proton\nD. a neutron\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?", "choices": {"text": ["an ion", "a proton", "a neutron", "an electron"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?\n1. an ion\n2. a proton\n3. a neutron\n4. an electron\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?", "choices": {"text": ["an ion", "a proton", "a neutron", "an electron"], "label": ["D", "E", "V", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?\nD. an ion\nE. a proton\nV. a neutron\nX. an electron\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?", "choices": {"text": ["an electron", "an ion", "a proton", "a neutron"], "label": ["D", "E", "V", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these atomic structures has the least amount of mass?\nD. an electron\nE. an ion\nV. a proton\nX. a neutron\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3689}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7210350", "question": "An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?", "choices": {"text": ["decreased variations in day length", "increased average air temperature", "increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids", "decreased rate of ozone layer destruction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?\nA. decreased variations in day length\nB. increased average air temperature\nC. increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids\nD. decreased rate of ozone layer destruction\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?", "choices": {"text": ["decreased rate of ozone layer destruction", "decreased variations in day length", "increased average air temperature", "increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?\nA. decreased rate of ozone layer destruction\nB. decreased variations in day length\nC. increased average air temperature\nD. increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?", "choices": {"text": ["decreased variations in day length", "increased average air temperature", "increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids", "decreased rate of ozone layer destruction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?\n1. decreased variations in day length\n2. increased average air temperature\n3. increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids\n4. decreased rate of ozone layer destruction\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?", "choices": {"text": ["decreased variations in day length", "increased average air temperature", "increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids", "decreased rate of ozone layer destruction"], "label": ["O", "I", "N", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?\nO. decreased variations in day length\nI. increased average air temperature\nN. increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids\nF. decreased rate of ozone layer destruction\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?", "choices": {"text": ["decreased rate of ozone layer destruction", "decreased variations in day length", "increased average air temperature", "increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids"], "label": ["O", "I", "N", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is most likely to have which effect?\nO. decreased rate of ozone layer destruction\nI. decreased variations in day length\nN. increased average air temperature\nF. increased burn rate for incoming meteoroids\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3690}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10270", "question": "Which of the following is an inherited human trait?", "choices": {"text": ["eye color", "sleep patterns", "sense of balance", "sense of humor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an inherited human trait?\nA. eye color\nB. sleep patterns\nC. sense of balance\nD. sense of humor\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an inherited human trait?", "choices": {"text": ["sense of humor", "sleep patterns", "eye color", "sense of balance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an inherited human trait?\nA. sense of humor\nB. sleep patterns\nC. eye color\nD. sense of balance\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an inherited human trait?", "choices": {"text": ["eye color", "sleep patterns", "sense of balance", "sense of humor"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an inherited human trait?\n1. eye color\n2. sleep patterns\n3. sense of balance\n4. sense of humor\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an inherited human trait?", "choices": {"text": ["eye color", "sleep patterns", "sense of balance", "sense of humor"], "label": ["J", "O", "Y", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an inherited human trait?\nJ. eye color\nO. sleep patterns\nY. sense of balance\nN. sense of humor\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an inherited human trait?", "choices": {"text": ["sense of humor", "sleep patterns", "eye color", "sense of balance"], "label": ["J", "O", "Y", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an inherited human trait?\nJ. sense of humor\nO. sleep patterns\nY. eye color\nN. sense of balance\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3691}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405090", "question": "Snow turns to liquid water when it", "choices": {"text": ["freezes.", "melts.", "condenses.", "evaporates."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Snow turns to liquid water when it\nA. freezes.\nB. melts.\nC. condenses.\nD. evaporates.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Snow turns to liquid water when it", "choices": {"text": ["evaporates.", "condenses.", "melts.", "freezes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Snow turns to liquid water when it\nA. evaporates.\nB. condenses.\nC. melts.\nD. freezes.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Snow turns to liquid water when it", "choices": {"text": ["freezes.", "melts.", "condenses.", "evaporates."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Snow turns to liquid water when it\n1. freezes.\n2. melts.\n3. condenses.\n4. evaporates.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Snow turns to liquid water when it", "choices": {"text": ["freezes.", "melts.", "condenses.", "evaporates."], "label": ["J", "Z", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Snow turns to liquid water when it\nJ. freezes.\nZ. melts.\nL. condenses.\nC. evaporates.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Snow turns to liquid water when it", "choices": {"text": ["evaporates.", "condenses.", "melts.", "freezes."], "label": ["J", "Z", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Snow turns to liquid water when it\nJ. evaporates.\nZ. condenses.\nL. melts.\nC. freezes.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3692}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_34", "question": "Which energy source is nonrenewable?", "choices": {"text": ["sunlight", "biomass", "wind", "fossil fuel"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy source is nonrenewable?\nA. sunlight\nB. biomass\nC. wind\nD. fossil fuel\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy source is nonrenewable?", "choices": {"text": ["wind", "sunlight", "fossil fuel", "biomass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy source is nonrenewable?\nA. wind\nB. sunlight\nC. fossil fuel\nD. biomass\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy source is nonrenewable?", "choices": {"text": ["sunlight", "biomass", "wind", "fossil fuel"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy source is nonrenewable?\n1. sunlight\n2. biomass\n3. wind\n4. fossil fuel\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy source is nonrenewable?", "choices": {"text": ["sunlight", "biomass", "wind", "fossil fuel"], "label": ["T", "Q", "V", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy source is nonrenewable?\nT. sunlight\nQ. biomass\nV. wind\nJ. fossil fuel\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy source is nonrenewable?", "choices": {"text": ["wind", "sunlight", "fossil fuel", "biomass"], "label": ["T", "Q", "V", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy source is nonrenewable?\nT. wind\nQ. sunlight\nV. fossil fuel\nJ. biomass\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3693}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_402102", "question": "The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "weight", "rotation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?\nA. friction\nB. gravity\nC. weight\nD. rotation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation", "friction", "gravity", "weight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?\nA. rotation\nB. friction\nC. gravity\nD. weight\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "weight", "rotation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?\n1. friction\n2. gravity\n3. weight\n4. rotation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "weight", "rotation"], "label": ["A", "N", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?\nA. friction\nN. gravity\nP. weight\nT. rotation\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?", "choices": {"text": ["rotation", "friction", "gravity", "weight"], "label": ["A", "N", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Moon is in orbit around Earth. What keeps the Moon from changing its orbit?\nA. rotation\nN. friction\nP. gravity\nT. weight\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3694}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7220430", "question": "Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["cloud", "rain", "vapor", "snow"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?\nA. cloud\nB. rain\nC. vapor\nD. snow\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["rain", "snow", "cloud", "vapor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?\nA. rain\nB. snow\nC. cloud\nD. vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["cloud", "rain", "vapor", "snow"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?\n1. cloud\n2. rain\n3. vapor\n4. snow\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["cloud", "rain", "vapor", "snow"], "label": ["W", "Z", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?\nW. cloud\nZ. rain\nM. vapor\nX. snow\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["rain", "snow", "cloud", "vapor"], "label": ["W", "Z", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of water, when present in the atmosphere, is most likely to contribute to global warming?\nW. rain\nZ. snow\nM. cloud\nX. vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3695}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_8_31", "question": "Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?", "choices": {"text": ["Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.", "Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.", "Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment.", "Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?\nA. Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.\nB. Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.\nC. Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment.\nD. Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?", "choices": {"text": ["Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.", "Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring.", "Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.", "Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?\nA. Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.\nB. Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring.\nC. Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.\nD. Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?", "choices": {"text": ["Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.", "Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.", "Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment.", "Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?\n1. Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.\n2. Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.\n3. Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment.\n4. Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?", "choices": {"text": ["Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.", "Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.", "Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment.", "Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring."], "label": ["K", "Q", "P", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?\nK. Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.\nQ. Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.\nP. Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment.\nE. Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?", "choices": {"text": ["Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.", "Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring.", "Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.", "Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment."], "label": ["K", "Q", "P", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement explains why ducklings follow their mother when swimming across a pond?\nK. Survival behavior is learned by interacting with their environment.\nQ. Inherited behavior is genetically passed on from parents to offspring.\nP. Survival behavior is acquired by interaction with the parent duck.\nE. Inherited behavior is genetically obtained through their environment.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3696}
{"arc_id": "TAKS_2009_8_29", "question": "Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["Subtract the mass of the container", "Add leaves from other plants to the container", "Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days", "Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?\nA. Subtract the mass of the container\nB. Add leaves from other plants to the container\nC. Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days\nD. Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["Add leaves from other plants to the container", "Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container", "Subtract the mass of the container", "Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?\nA. Add leaves from other plants to the container\nB. Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container\nC. Subtract the mass of the container\nD. Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["Subtract the mass of the container", "Add leaves from other plants to the container", "Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days", "Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?\n1. Subtract the mass of the container\n2. Add leaves from other plants to the container\n3. Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days\n4. Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["Subtract the mass of the container", "Add leaves from other plants to the container", "Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days", "Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container"], "label": ["A", "Q", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?\nA. Subtract the mass of the container\nQ. Add leaves from other plants to the container\nH. Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days\nZ. Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["Add leaves from other plants to the container", "Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container", "Subtract the mass of the container", "Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days"], "label": ["A", "Q", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some students measure the mass of a small pile of leaves before and after the leaves decompose. Each time the students measure the mass, they place a container with the decomposing leaves on a balance. Before recording the mass of the leaves, the students must do which of the following?\nA. Add leaves from other plants to the container\nQ. Use a metric ruler to measure the volume of the container\nH. Subtract the mass of the container\nZ. Allow the leaves to settle in the container for a few days\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3697}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7137480", "question": "Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?", "choices": {"text": ["As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled.", "As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.", "As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.", "As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?\nA. As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled.\nB. As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.\nC. As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.\nD. As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?", "choices": {"text": ["As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases.", "As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.", "As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.", "As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?\nA. As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases.\nB. As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.\nC. As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.\nD. As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?", "choices": {"text": ["As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled.", "As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.", "As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.", "As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?\n1. As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled.\n2. As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.\n3. As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.\n4. As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?", "choices": {"text": ["As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled.", "As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.", "As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.", "As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases."], "label": ["M", "R", "S", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?\nM. As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled.\nR. As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.\nS. As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.\nQ. As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?", "choices": {"text": ["As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases.", "As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.", "As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.", "As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled."], "label": ["M", "R", "S", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases?\nM. As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases.\nR. As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.\nS. As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient.\nQ. As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3698}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2015_8_20", "question": "The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?", "choices": {"text": ["Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.", "Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.", "The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.", "The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?\nA. Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.\nB. Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.\nC. The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.\nD. The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?", "choices": {"text": ["Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.", "The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.", "Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.", "The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?\nA. Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.\nB. The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.\nC. Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.\nD. The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?", "choices": {"text": ["Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.", "Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.", "The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.", "The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?\n1. Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.\n2. Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.\n3. The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.\n4. The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?", "choices": {"text": ["Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.", "Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.", "The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.", "The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room."], "label": ["S", "O", "Y", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?\nS. Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.\nO. Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.\nY. The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.\nX. The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?", "choices": {"text": ["Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.", "The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.", "Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.", "The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room."], "label": ["S", "O", "Y", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperature in a classroom is 15°C (59°F). The teacher turns the thermostat to 20°C (68°F) and keeps the door closed. Which of the following statements best describes the change that occurs as the temperature in the room increases to 20°C?\nS. Cold energy in the room transforms into heat energy.\nO. The room becomes warmer as heat energy is added to the room.\nY. Cold air molecules collide to generate heat energy.\nX. The room becomes warmer as cold energy is pushed out of the room.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3699}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7069388", "question": "A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is", "choices": {"text": ["much more than that of the flat paper.", "slightly more than that of the flat paper.", "the same as that of the flat paper.", "slightly less than that of the flat paper."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is\nA. much more than that of the flat paper.\nB. slightly more than that of the flat paper.\nC. the same as that of the flat paper.\nD. slightly less than that of the flat paper.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is", "choices": {"text": ["much more than that of the flat paper.", "slightly less than that of the flat paper.", "slightly more than that of the flat paper.", "the same as that of the flat paper."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is\nA. much more than that of the flat paper.\nB. slightly less than that of the flat paper.\nC. slightly more than that of the flat paper.\nD. the same as that of the flat paper.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is", "choices": {"text": ["much more than that of the flat paper.", "slightly more than that of the flat paper.", "the same as that of the flat paper.", "slightly less than that of the flat paper."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is\n1. much more than that of the flat paper.\n2. slightly more than that of the flat paper.\n3. the same as that of the flat paper.\n4. slightly less than that of the flat paper.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is", "choices": {"text": ["much more than that of the flat paper.", "slightly more than that of the flat paper.", "the same as that of the flat paper.", "slightly less than that of the flat paper."], "label": ["I", "Y", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is\nI. much more than that of the flat paper.\nY. slightly more than that of the flat paper.\nA. the same as that of the flat paper.\nD. slightly less than that of the flat paper.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is", "choices": {"text": ["much more than that of the flat paper.", "slightly less than that of the flat paper.", "slightly more than that of the flat paper.", "the same as that of the flat paper."], "label": ["I", "Y", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A flat piece of paper has a mass of 5 grams. When the paper is crumpled into a ball, the mass of the crumpled paper is\nI. much more than that of the flat paper.\nY. slightly less than that of the flat paper.\nA. slightly more than that of the flat paper.\nD. the same as that of the flat paper.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3700}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg87", "question": "Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?", "choices": {"text": ["from air", "from wood", "from rocks", "from crops"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?\nA. from air\nB. from wood\nC. from rocks\nD. from crops\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?", "choices": {"text": ["from wood", "from air", "from crops", "from rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?\nA. from wood\nB. from air\nC. from crops\nD. from rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?", "choices": {"text": ["from air", "from wood", "from rocks", "from crops"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?\n1. from air\n2. from wood\n3. from rocks\n4. from crops\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?", "choices": {"text": ["from air", "from wood", "from rocks", "from crops"], "label": ["R", "F", "C", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?\nR. from air\nF. from wood\nC. from rocks\nJ. from crops\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?", "choices": {"text": ["from wood", "from air", "from crops", "from rocks"], "label": ["R", "F", "C", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Minerals are used for making many things including jewelry, chalk, and concrete. Where do we get the minerals needed to make these things?\nR. from wood\nF. from air\nC. from crops\nJ. from rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3701}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7194495", "question": "Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?", "choices": {"text": ["Lung capacity is increased.", "Exposure to bacteria is increased.", "Parents are able to identify the nest.", "Parents respond by giving more food."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?\nA. Lung capacity is increased.\nB. Exposure to bacteria is increased.\nC. Parents are able to identify the nest.\nD. Parents respond by giving more food.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?", "choices": {"text": ["Lung capacity is increased.", "Parents respond by giving more food.", "Parents are able to identify the nest.", "Exposure to bacteria is increased."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?\nA. Lung capacity is increased.\nB. Parents respond by giving more food.\nC. Parents are able to identify the nest.\nD. Exposure to bacteria is increased.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?", "choices": {"text": ["Lung capacity is increased.", "Exposure to bacteria is increased.", "Parents are able to identify the nest.", "Parents respond by giving more food."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?\n1. Lung capacity is increased.\n2. Exposure to bacteria is increased.\n3. Parents are able to identify the nest.\n4. Parents respond by giving more food.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?", "choices": {"text": ["Lung capacity is increased.", "Exposure to bacteria is increased.", "Parents are able to identify the nest.", "Parents respond by giving more food."], "label": ["R", "S", "B", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?\nR. Lung capacity is increased.\nS. Exposure to bacteria is increased.\nB. Parents are able to identify the nest.\nQ. Parents respond by giving more food.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?", "choices": {"text": ["Lung capacity is increased.", "Parents respond by giving more food.", "Parents are able to identify the nest.", "Exposure to bacteria is increased."], "label": ["R", "S", "B", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have observed that, even within the same nest, some young birds call louder than others. Which describes how a louder cry helps to ensure survival?\nR. Lung capacity is increased.\nS. Parents respond by giving more food.\nB. Parents are able to identify the nest.\nQ. Exposure to bacteria is increased.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3702}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2008_8_15", "question": "Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "electricity", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?\nA. friction\nB. gravity\nC. electricity\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "electricity", "friction", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?\nA. magnetism\nB. electricity\nC. friction\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "electricity", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?\n1. friction\n2. gravity\n3. electricity\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "electricity", "magnetism"], "label": ["D", "O", "H", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?\nD. friction\nO. gravity\nH. electricity\nF. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "electricity", "friction", "gravity"], "label": ["D", "O", "H", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two galaxies are interacting with each other. What is the force that draws these two galaxies toward each other?\nD. magnetism\nO. electricity\nH. friction\nF. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3703}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_8_49", "question": "Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?", "choices": {"text": ["Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.", "Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.", "Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.", "Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?\nA. Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.\nB. Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.\nC. Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.\nD. Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?", "choices": {"text": ["Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.", "Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.", "Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.", "Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?\nA. Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.\nB. Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.\nC. Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.\nD. Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?", "choices": {"text": ["Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.", "Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.", "Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.", "Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?\n1. Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.\n2. Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.\n3. Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.\n4. Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?", "choices": {"text": ["Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.", "Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.", "Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.", "Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements."], "label": ["M", "N", "F", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?\nM. Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.\nN. Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.\nF. Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.\nL. Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?", "choices": {"text": ["Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.", "Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.", "Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.", "Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements."], "label": ["M", "N", "F", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which procedure correctly describes materials combining?\nM. Sugar and water are added to flour and cooked in an oven making an element.\nN. Salt and sand are added to hot water and stirred making a mixture.\nF. Oil and water are placed in a sealed bottle and shaken making a compound.\nL. Soil and water are shaken in a container and left to separate forming two elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3704}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408746", "question": "Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?", "choices": {"text": ["helium", "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?\nA. helium\nB. hydrogen\nC. nitrogen\nD. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen", "oxygen", "helium", "hydrogen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?\nA. nitrogen\nB. oxygen\nC. helium\nD. hydrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?", "choices": {"text": ["helium", "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?\n1. helium\n2. hydrogen\n3. nitrogen\n4. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?", "choices": {"text": ["helium", "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "oxygen"], "label": ["A", "X", "R", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?\nA. helium\nX. hydrogen\nR. nitrogen\nY. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen", "oxygen", "helium", "hydrogen"], "label": ["A", "X", "R", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants growing in a pond release a gas that fish need to survive. Which gas do the plants release that fish use?\nA. nitrogen\nX. oxygen\nR. helium\nY. hydrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3705}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2009_7_9", "question": "A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["An object in motion eventually stops.", "The ball must have been going slightly uphill.", "The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.", "There must have been an outside force acting on the ball."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?\nA. An object in motion eventually stops.\nB. The ball must have been going slightly uphill.\nC. The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.\nD. There must have been an outside force acting on the ball.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["An object in motion eventually stops.", "The ball must have been going slightly uphill.", "There must have been an outside force acting on the ball.", "The ball did not have enough mass to keep going."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?\nA. An object in motion eventually stops.\nB. The ball must have been going slightly uphill.\nC. There must have been an outside force acting on the ball.\nD. The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["An object in motion eventually stops.", "The ball must have been going slightly uphill.", "The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.", "There must have been an outside force acting on the ball."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?\n1. An object in motion eventually stops.\n2. The ball must have been going slightly uphill.\n3. The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.\n4. There must have been an outside force acting on the ball.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["An object in motion eventually stops.", "The ball must have been going slightly uphill.", "The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.", "There must have been an outside force acting on the ball."], "label": ["R", "S", "Z", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?\nR. An object in motion eventually stops.\nS. The ball must have been going slightly uphill.\nZ. The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.\nY. There must have been an outside force acting on the ball.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["An object in motion eventually stops.", "The ball must have been going slightly uphill.", "There must have been an outside force acting on the ball.", "The ball did not have enough mass to keep going."], "label": ["R", "S", "Z", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ball rolling on the ground is observed to slow down and stop. Based on Newton's first law of motion, what is the best conclusion?\nR. An object in motion eventually stops.\nS. The ball must have been going slightly uphill.\nZ. There must have been an outside force acting on the ball.\nY. The ball did not have enough mass to keep going.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3706}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_8_pg98", "question": "What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?", "choices": {"text": ["CO", "CO2", "C", "O2"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?\nA. CO\nB. CO2\nC. C\nD. O2\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?", "choices": {"text": ["O2", "CO", "C", "CO2"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?\nA. O2\nB. CO\nC. C\nD. CO2\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?", "choices": {"text": ["CO", "CO2", "C", "O2"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?\n1. CO\n2. CO2\n3. C\n4. O2\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?", "choices": {"text": ["CO", "CO2", "C", "O2"], "label": ["G", "V", "Z", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?\nG. CO\nV. CO2\nZ. C\nA. O2\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?", "choices": {"text": ["O2", "CO", "C", "CO2"], "label": ["G", "V", "Z", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?\nG. O2\nV. CO\nZ. C\nA. CO2\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3707}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_4_7", "question": "A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "magnetism", "sound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to\nA. friction\nB. gravity\nC. magnetism\nD. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to", "choices": {"text": ["sound", "gravity", "magnetism", "friction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to\nA. sound\nB. gravity\nC. magnetism\nD. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "magnetism", "sound"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to\n1. friction\n2. gravity\n3. magnetism\n4. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "magnetism", "sound"], "label": ["V", "O", "I", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to\nV. friction\nO. gravity\nI. magnetism\nX. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to", "choices": {"text": ["sound", "gravity", "magnetism", "friction"], "label": ["V", "O", "I", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rubs his hands together to warm them. His hands get warm due to\nV. sound\nO. gravity\nI. magnetism\nX. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3708}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7263655", "question": "Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?", "choices": {"text": ["iron", "gold", "mercury", "aluminum"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?\nA. iron\nB. gold\nC. mercury\nD. aluminum\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?", "choices": {"text": ["aluminum", "gold", "iron", "mercury"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?\nA. aluminum\nB. gold\nC. iron\nD. mercury\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?", "choices": {"text": ["iron", "gold", "mercury", "aluminum"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?\n1. iron\n2. gold\n3. mercury\n4. aluminum\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?", "choices": {"text": ["iron", "gold", "mercury", "aluminum"], "label": ["F", "L", "C", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?\nF. iron\nL. gold\nC. mercury\nI. aluminum\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?", "choices": {"text": ["aluminum", "gold", "iron", "mercury"], "label": ["F", "L", "C", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists studying migrating birds and homing pigeons have discovered that they navigate by monitoring differences in the intensity and inclination of Earth's magnetic field. Special cells in bird beaks can detect these changes as the birds fly over Earth's surface. Which metal did the scientists find in the cells that birds use as a magnetometer?\nF. aluminum\nL. gold\nC. iron\nI. mercury\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3709}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2011_5_16", "question": "A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["forest", "grassland", "bare rock", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.\nA. forest\nB. grassland\nC. bare rock\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["water", "forest", "bare rock", "grassland"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.\nA. water\nB. forest\nC. bare rock\nD. grassland\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["forest", "grassland", "bare rock", "water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.\n1. forest\n2. grassland\n3. bare rock\n4. water\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["forest", "grassland", "bare rock", "water"], "label": ["T", "Q", "B", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.\nT. forest\nQ. grassland\nB. bare rock\nU. water\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["water", "forest", "bare rock", "grassland"], "label": ["T", "Q", "B", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist found a fossil of an organism that had gills. When the organism was living, the area in which it lived was most likely covered by ___.\nT. water\nQ. forest\nB. bare rock\nU. grassland\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3710}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400021", "question": "Which is the best way to help protect the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands before each meal", "do a science project about energy", "ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car", "pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best way to help protect the environment?\nA. wash hands before each meal\nB. do a science project about energy\nC. ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car\nD. pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best way to help protect the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands before each meal", "ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car", "pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch", "do a science project about energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best way to help protect the environment?\nA. wash hands before each meal\nB. ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car\nC. pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch\nD. do a science project about energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best way to help protect the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands before each meal", "do a science project about energy", "ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car", "pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best way to help protect the environment?\n1. wash hands before each meal\n2. do a science project about energy\n3. ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car\n4. pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best way to help protect the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands before each meal", "do a science project about energy", "ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car", "pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch"], "label": ["X", "I", "Q", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best way to help protect the environment?\nX. wash hands before each meal\nI. do a science project about energy\nQ. ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car\nF. pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best way to help protect the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands before each meal", "ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car", "pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch", "do a science project about energy"], "label": ["X", "I", "Q", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best way to help protect the environment?\nX. wash hands before each meal\nI. ride a bike to school instead of riding in a car\nQ. pack a lunch instead of buying a school lunch\nF. do a science project about energy\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3711}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_5_36", "question": "An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.", "choices": {"text": ["solar energy", "potential energy", "static electricity", "mechanical energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.\nA. solar energy\nB. potential energy\nC. static electricity\nD. mechanical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.", "choices": {"text": ["potential energy", "mechanical energy", "solar energy", "static electricity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.\nA. potential energy\nB. mechanical energy\nC. solar energy\nD. static electricity\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.", "choices": {"text": ["solar energy", "potential energy", "static electricity", "mechanical energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.\n1. solar energy\n2. potential energy\n3. static electricity\n4. mechanical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.", "choices": {"text": ["solar energy", "potential energy", "static electricity", "mechanical energy"], "label": ["L", "M", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.\nL. solar energy\nM. potential energy\nB. static electricity\nC. mechanical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.", "choices": {"text": ["potential energy", "mechanical energy", "solar energy", "static electricity"], "label": ["L", "M", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: An electric motor is designed to turn electrical energy into ___.\nL. potential energy\nM. mechanical energy\nB. solar energy\nC. static electricity\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3712}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405154", "question": "If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be", "choices": {"text": ["quieter.", "louder.", "lower in pitch.", "higher in pitch."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be\nA. quieter.\nB. louder.\nC. lower in pitch.\nD. higher in pitch.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be", "choices": {"text": ["lower in pitch.", "quieter.", "louder.", "higher in pitch."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be\nA. lower in pitch.\nB. quieter.\nC. louder.\nD. higher in pitch.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be", "choices": {"text": ["quieter.", "louder.", "lower in pitch.", "higher in pitch."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be\n1. quieter.\n2. louder.\n3. lower in pitch.\n4. higher in pitch.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be", "choices": {"text": ["quieter.", "louder.", "lower in pitch.", "higher in pitch."], "label": ["O", "J", "W", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be\nO. quieter.\nJ. louder.\nW. lower in pitch.\nC. higher in pitch.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be", "choices": {"text": ["lower in pitch.", "quieter.", "louder.", "higher in pitch."], "label": ["O", "J", "W", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a student playing the drums hits the drums with greater force, the sound would be\nO. lower in pitch.\nJ. quieter.\nW. louder.\nC. higher in pitch.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3713}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7128853", "question": "As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?", "choices": {"text": ["amplitude", "frequency", "velocity", "wavelength"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?\nA. amplitude\nB. frequency\nC. velocity\nD. wavelength\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?", "choices": {"text": ["frequency", "wavelength", "amplitude", "velocity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?\nA. frequency\nB. wavelength\nC. amplitude\nD. velocity\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?", "choices": {"text": ["amplitude", "frequency", "velocity", "wavelength"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?\n1. amplitude\n2. frequency\n3. velocity\n4. wavelength\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?", "choices": {"text": ["amplitude", "frequency", "velocity", "wavelength"], "label": ["A", "E", "R", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?\nA. amplitude\nE. frequency\nR. velocity\nF. wavelength\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?", "choices": {"text": ["frequency", "wavelength", "amplitude", "velocity"], "label": ["A", "E", "R", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: As the loudness of a sound wave increases, which will also increase?\nA. frequency\nE. wavelength\nR. amplitude\nF. velocity\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3714}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7044240", "question": "Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?", "choices": {"text": ["reflecting", "polarizing", "diffracting", "refracting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?\nA. reflecting\nB. polarizing\nC. diffracting\nD. refracting\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?", "choices": {"text": ["diffracting", "reflecting", "refracting", "polarizing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?\nA. diffracting\nB. reflecting\nC. refracting\nD. polarizing\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?", "choices": {"text": ["reflecting", "polarizing", "diffracting", "refracting"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?\n1. reflecting\n2. polarizing\n3. diffracting\n4. refracting\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?", "choices": {"text": ["reflecting", "polarizing", "diffracting", "refracting"], "label": ["I", "E", "H", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?\nI. reflecting\nE. polarizing\nH. diffracting\nY. refracting\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?", "choices": {"text": ["diffracting", "reflecting", "refracting", "polarizing"], "label": ["I", "E", "H", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Telescopes use lenses to observe distant objects such as stars. Which term best describes what happens when lenses bend and concentrate light?\nI. diffracting\nE. reflecting\nH. refracting\nY. polarizing\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3715}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_407661", "question": "Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["The substance gets larger.", "The substance changes phases.", "The substance changes shape.", "The substance forms a new substance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?\nA. The substance gets larger.\nB. The substance changes phases.\nC. The substance changes shape.\nD. The substance forms a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["The substance changes phases.", "The substance forms a new substance.", "The substance gets larger.", "The substance changes shape."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?\nA. The substance changes phases.\nB. The substance forms a new substance.\nC. The substance gets larger.\nD. The substance changes shape.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["The substance gets larger.", "The substance changes phases.", "The substance changes shape.", "The substance forms a new substance."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?\n1. The substance gets larger.\n2. The substance changes phases.\n3. The substance changes shape.\n4. The substance forms a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["The substance gets larger.", "The substance changes phases.", "The substance changes shape.", "The substance forms a new substance."], "label": ["R", "Q", "A", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?\nR. The substance gets larger.\nQ. The substance changes phases.\nA. The substance changes shape.\nY. The substance forms a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["The substance changes phases.", "The substance forms a new substance.", "The substance gets larger.", "The substance changes shape."], "label": ["R", "Q", "A", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these must occur when a substance goes through a chemical change?\nR. The substance changes phases.\nQ. The substance forms a new substance.\nA. The substance gets larger.\nY. The substance changes shape.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3716}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7234518", "question": "Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?", "choices": {"text": ["atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes", "radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core", "volcanic eruptions", "magnetic pole reversals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?\nA. atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes\nB. radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core\nC. volcanic eruptions\nD. magnetic pole reversals\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic eruptions", "radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core", "atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes", "magnetic pole reversals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?\nA. volcanic eruptions\nB. radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core\nC. atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes\nD. magnetic pole reversals\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?", "choices": {"text": ["atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes", "radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core", "volcanic eruptions", "magnetic pole reversals"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?\n1. atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes\n2. radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core\n3. volcanic eruptions\n4. magnetic pole reversals\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?", "choices": {"text": ["atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes", "radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core", "volcanic eruptions", "magnetic pole reversals"], "label": ["N", "W", "I", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?\nN. atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes\nW. radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core\nI. volcanic eruptions\nF. magnetic pole reversals\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic eruptions", "radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core", "atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes", "magnetic pole reversals"], "label": ["N", "W", "I", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists use ice cores to identify and explain previous climatic trends. By correlating climatic conditions recorded in the ice, with solid, nonsnow particles also found in the ice, scientists can help to predict the climatic impact of which phenomena?\nN. volcanic eruptions\nW. radioactive decay rate changes in the outer core\nI. atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration changes\nF. magnetic pole reversals\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3717}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7179340", "question": "Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "solar", "thermal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?\nA. chemical\nB. electrical\nC. solar\nD. thermal\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["solar", "chemical", "thermal", "electrical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?\nA. solar\nB. chemical\nC. thermal\nD. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "solar", "thermal"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?\n1. chemical\n2. electrical\n3. solar\n4. thermal\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "solar", "thermal"], "label": ["J", "E", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?\nJ. chemical\nE. electrical\nR. solar\nH. thermal\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["solar", "chemical", "thermal", "electrical"], "label": ["J", "E", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?\nJ. solar\nE. chemical\nR. thermal\nH. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3718}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2007_8_44", "question": "What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?", "choices": {"text": ["The year would be shorter.", "The year would be longer.", "The day would be shorter.", "The day would be longer."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?\nA. The year would be shorter.\nB. The year would be longer.\nC. The day would be shorter.\nD. The day would be longer.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?", "choices": {"text": ["The day would be shorter.", "The year would be shorter.", "The year would be longer.", "The day would be longer."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?\nA. The day would be shorter.\nB. The year would be shorter.\nC. The year would be longer.\nD. The day would be longer.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?", "choices": {"text": ["The year would be shorter.", "The year would be longer.", "The day would be shorter.", "The day would be longer."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?\n1. The year would be shorter.\n2. The year would be longer.\n3. The day would be shorter.\n4. The day would be longer.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?", "choices": {"text": ["The year would be shorter.", "The year would be longer.", "The day would be shorter.", "The day would be longer."], "label": ["J", "F", "Z", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?\nJ. The year would be shorter.\nF. The year would be longer.\nZ. The day would be shorter.\nU. The day would be longer.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?", "choices": {"text": ["The day would be shorter.", "The year would be shorter.", "The year would be longer.", "The day would be longer."], "label": ["J", "F", "Z", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: What change would occur if Earth's rate of rotation significantly increased?\nJ. The day would be shorter.\nF. The year would be shorter.\nZ. The year would be longer.\nU. The day would be longer.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3719}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7099225", "question": "Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["planting more trees", "burning less fossil fuel", "reducing beach erosion", "increasing water runoff"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?\nA. planting more trees\nB. burning less fossil fuel\nC. reducing beach erosion\nD. increasing water runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["reducing beach erosion", "increasing water runoff", "planting more trees", "burning less fossil fuel"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?\nA. reducing beach erosion\nB. increasing water runoff\nC. planting more trees\nD. burning less fossil fuel\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["planting more trees", "burning less fossil fuel", "reducing beach erosion", "increasing water runoff"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?\n1. planting more trees\n2. burning less fossil fuel\n3. reducing beach erosion\n4. increasing water runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["planting more trees", "burning less fossil fuel", "reducing beach erosion", "increasing water runoff"], "label": ["Y", "B", "E", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?\nY. planting more trees\nB. burning less fossil fuel\nE. reducing beach erosion\nX. increasing water runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["reducing beach erosion", "increasing water runoff", "planting more trees", "burning less fossil fuel"], "label": ["Y", "B", "E", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans can do many things to impact the environment. Which of these is an example of how humans negatively impact the environment?\nY. reducing beach erosion\nB. increasing water runoff\nE. planting more trees\nX. burning less fossil fuel\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3720}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400183", "question": "Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of", "choices": {"text": ["absorption.", "diffraction.", "reflection.", "refraction."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of\nA. absorption.\nB. diffraction.\nC. reflection.\nD. refraction.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of", "choices": {"text": ["refraction.", "absorption.", "diffraction.", "reflection."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of\nA. refraction.\nB. absorption.\nC. diffraction.\nD. reflection.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of", "choices": {"text": ["absorption.", "diffraction.", "reflection.", "refraction."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of\n1. absorption.\n2. diffraction.\n3. reflection.\n4. refraction.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of", "choices": {"text": ["absorption.", "diffraction.", "reflection.", "refraction."], "label": ["D", "C", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of\nD. absorption.\nC. diffraction.\nE. reflection.\nV. refraction.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of", "choices": {"text": ["refraction.", "absorption.", "diffraction.", "reflection."], "label": ["D", "C", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Eyeglasses help a nearsighted person see as a result of\nD. refraction.\nC. absorption.\nE. diffraction.\nV. reflection.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3721}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7206623", "question": "A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?", "choices": {"text": ["flow chart", "pie chart", "data table", "bar graph"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?\nA. flow chart\nB. pie chart\nC. data table\nD. bar graph\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?", "choices": {"text": ["flow chart", "bar graph", "pie chart", "data table"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?\nA. flow chart\nB. bar graph\nC. pie chart\nD. data table\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?", "choices": {"text": ["flow chart", "pie chart", "data table", "bar graph"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?\n1. flow chart\n2. pie chart\n3. data table\n4. bar graph\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?", "choices": {"text": ["flow chart", "pie chart", "data table", "bar graph"], "label": ["L", "N", "O", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?\nL. flow chart\nN. pie chart\nO. data table\nC. bar graph\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?", "choices": {"text": ["flow chart", "bar graph", "pie chart", "data table"], "label": ["L", "N", "O", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student measures the rising temperature of heated water for 20 minutes in two-minute intervals. Which of these tools will best help the student organize the data?\nL. flow chart\nN. bar graph\nO. pie chart\nC. data table\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3722}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026513", "question": "A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?", "choices": {"text": ["Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.", "Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.", "Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.", "Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?\nA. Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.\nB. Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.\nC. Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.\nD. Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?", "choices": {"text": ["Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.", "Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.", "Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.", "Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?\nA. Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.\nB. Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.\nC. Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.\nD. Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?", "choices": {"text": ["Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.", "Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.", "Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.", "Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?\n1. Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.\n2. Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.\n3. Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.\n4. Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?", "choices": {"text": ["Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.", "Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.", "Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.", "Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock."], "label": ["A", "X", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?\nA. Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.\nX. Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.\nT. Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.\nW. Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?", "choices": {"text": ["Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.", "Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.", "Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.", "Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock."], "label": ["A", "X", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rock formation in a land area contains fossils. Over time, tremendous heat and pressure change the formation to produce a harder rock formation without fossils. Which change in rock type has occurred in this land area?\nA. Sedimentary rock has turned into metamorphic rock.\nX. Igneous rock has turned into sedimentary rock.\nT. Igneous rock has turned into metamorphic rock.\nW. Sedimentary rock has turned into igneous rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3723}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_402092", "question": "Which is not an inherited trait in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["blue eyes", "long fingers", "calloused hands", "attached earlobes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is not an inherited trait in humans?\nA. blue eyes\nB. long fingers\nC. calloused hands\nD. attached earlobes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is not an inherited trait in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["attached earlobes", "calloused hands", "long fingers", "blue eyes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is not an inherited trait in humans?\nA. attached earlobes\nB. calloused hands\nC. long fingers\nD. blue eyes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is not an inherited trait in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["blue eyes", "long fingers", "calloused hands", "attached earlobes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is not an inherited trait in humans?\n1. blue eyes\n2. long fingers\n3. calloused hands\n4. attached earlobes\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is not an inherited trait in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["blue eyes", "long fingers", "calloused hands", "attached earlobes"], "label": ["Y", "D", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is not an inherited trait in humans?\nY. blue eyes\nD. long fingers\nB. calloused hands\nT. attached earlobes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is not an inherited trait in humans?", "choices": {"text": ["attached earlobes", "calloused hands", "long fingers", "blue eyes"], "label": ["Y", "D", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is not an inherited trait in humans?\nY. attached earlobes\nD. calloused hands\nB. long fingers\nT. blue eyes\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3724}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2007_5_31", "question": "The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["cooling the plants", "giving the plants moisture", "spreading the plants' pollen", "strengthening the plants' root systems"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.\nA. cooling the plants\nB. giving the plants moisture\nC. spreading the plants' pollen\nD. strengthening the plants' root systems\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["spreading the plants' pollen", "giving the plants moisture", "strengthening the plants' root systems", "cooling the plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.\nA. spreading the plants' pollen\nB. giving the plants moisture\nC. strengthening the plants' root systems\nD. cooling the plants\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["cooling the plants", "giving the plants moisture", "spreading the plants' pollen", "strengthening the plants' root systems"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.\n1. cooling the plants\n2. giving the plants moisture\n3. spreading the plants' pollen\n4. strengthening the plants' root systems\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["cooling the plants", "giving the plants moisture", "spreading the plants' pollen", "strengthening the plants' root systems"], "label": ["E", "Q", "C", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.\nE. cooling the plants\nQ. giving the plants moisture\nC. spreading the plants' pollen\nM. strengthening the plants' root systems\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["spreading the plants' pollen", "giving the plants moisture", "strengthening the plants' root systems", "cooling the plants"], "label": ["E", "Q", "C", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The wind helps many plants reproduce by ___.\nE. spreading the plants' pollen\nQ. giving the plants moisture\nC. strengthening the plants' root systems\nM. cooling the plants\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3725}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_409111", "question": "The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?", "choices": {"text": ["fast speed", "high frequency", "large amplitude", "long wavelength"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?\nA. fast speed\nB. high frequency\nC. large amplitude\nD. long wavelength\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?", "choices": {"text": ["high frequency", "long wavelength", "large amplitude", "fast speed"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?\nA. high frequency\nB. long wavelength\nC. large amplitude\nD. fast speed\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?", "choices": {"text": ["fast speed", "high frequency", "large amplitude", "long wavelength"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?\n1. fast speed\n2. high frequency\n3. large amplitude\n4. long wavelength\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?", "choices": {"text": ["fast speed", "high frequency", "large amplitude", "long wavelength"], "label": ["A", "H", "R", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?\nA. fast speed\nH. high frequency\nR. large amplitude\nQ. long wavelength\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?", "choices": {"text": ["high frequency", "long wavelength", "large amplitude", "fast speed"], "label": ["A", "H", "R", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The human hearing range is 20-20,000 hertz. A sound Peggy heard was measured at 15,000 hertz. Which characteristic best describes the sound wave that Peggy heard?\nA. high frequency\nH. long wavelength\nR. large amplitude\nQ. fast speed\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3726}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_8_1", "question": "A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?", "choices": {"text": ["liter", "kiloliter", "meter", "kilometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?\nA. liter\nB. kiloliter\nC. meter\nD. kilometer\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?", "choices": {"text": ["meter", "kilometer", "liter", "kiloliter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?\nA. meter\nB. kilometer\nC. liter\nD. kiloliter\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?", "choices": {"text": ["liter", "kiloliter", "meter", "kilometer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?\n1. liter\n2. kiloliter\n3. meter\n4. kilometer\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?", "choices": {"text": ["liter", "kiloliter", "meter", "kilometer"], "label": ["X", "M", "J", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?\nX. liter\nM. kiloliter\nJ. meter\nU. kilometer\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?", "choices": {"text": ["meter", "kilometer", "liter", "kiloliter"], "label": ["X", "M", "J", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is asked to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling in a classroom. Which unit of measurement should the student most likely use to accurately measure this distance?\nX. meter\nM. kilometer\nJ. liter\nU. kiloliter\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3727}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_9_5", "question": "Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["They are replenished by sunlight.", "They are cycled through ecosystems.", "They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.", "They are produced constantly from nutrients."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?\nA. They are replenished by sunlight.\nB. They are cycled through ecosystems.\nC. They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.\nD. They are produced constantly from nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["They are replenished by sunlight.", "They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.", "They are cycled through ecosystems.", "They are produced constantly from nutrients."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?\nA. They are replenished by sunlight.\nB. They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.\nC. They are cycled through ecosystems.\nD. They are produced constantly from nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["They are replenished by sunlight.", "They are cycled through ecosystems.", "They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.", "They are produced constantly from nutrients."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?\n1. They are replenished by sunlight.\n2. They are cycled through ecosystems.\n3. They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.\n4. They are produced constantly from nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["They are replenished by sunlight.", "They are cycled through ecosystems.", "They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.", "They are produced constantly from nutrients."], "label": ["N", "F", "O", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?\nN. They are replenished by sunlight.\nF. They are cycled through ecosystems.\nO. They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.\nC. They are produced constantly from nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?", "choices": {"text": ["They are replenished by sunlight.", "They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.", "They are cycled through ecosystems.", "They are produced constantly from nutrients."], "label": ["N", "F", "O", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following explains why elements, such as carbon and oxygen, that are used in organic molecules are not permanently removed from the environment?\nN. They are replenished by sunlight.\nF. They are replaced by volcanic eruptions.\nO. They are cycled through ecosystems.\nC. They are produced constantly from nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3728}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2007_5_57", "question": "A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?", "choices": {"text": ["meter per liter", "seconds per gram", "milligrams per liter", "centimeters per second"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?\nA. meter per liter\nB. seconds per gram\nC. milligrams per liter\nD. centimeters per second\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?", "choices": {"text": ["milligrams per liter", "seconds per gram", "centimeters per second", "meter per liter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?\nA. milligrams per liter\nB. seconds per gram\nC. centimeters per second\nD. meter per liter\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?", "choices": {"text": ["meter per liter", "seconds per gram", "milligrams per liter", "centimeters per second"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?\n1. meter per liter\n2. seconds per gram\n3. milligrams per liter\n4. centimeters per second\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?", "choices": {"text": ["meter per liter", "seconds per gram", "milligrams per liter", "centimeters per second"], "label": ["S", "B", "X", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?\nS. meter per liter\nB. seconds per gram\nX. milligrams per liter\nZ. centimeters per second\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?", "choices": {"text": ["milligrams per liter", "seconds per gram", "centimeters per second", "meter per liter"], "label": ["S", "B", "X", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is measuring the speed at which a ball rolls down a ramp. Which unit of measurement is the student most likely using to describe the speed of the ball?\nS. milligrams per liter\nB. seconds per gram\nX. centimeters per second\nZ. meter per liter\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3729}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408628", "question": "Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?", "choices": {"text": ["the depth of the soil", "the temperature of the water", "the number of days until the seeds sprout", "the size of pot used for growing the seeds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?\nA. the depth of the soil\nB. the temperature of the water\nC. the number of days until the seeds sprout\nD. the size of pot used for growing the seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?", "choices": {"text": ["the temperature of the water", "the number of days until the seeds sprout", "the size of pot used for growing the seeds", "the depth of the soil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?\nA. the temperature of the water\nB. the number of days until the seeds sprout\nC. the size of pot used for growing the seeds\nD. the depth of the soil\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?", "choices": {"text": ["the depth of the soil", "the temperature of the water", "the number of days until the seeds sprout", "the size of pot used for growing the seeds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?\n1. the depth of the soil\n2. the temperature of the water\n3. the number of days until the seeds sprout\n4. the size of pot used for growing the seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?", "choices": {"text": ["the depth of the soil", "the temperature of the water", "the number of days until the seeds sprout", "the size of pot used for growing the seeds"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "O", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?\nQ. the depth of the soil\nZ. the temperature of the water\nO. the number of days until the seeds sprout\nG. the size of pot used for growing the seeds\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?", "choices": {"text": ["the temperature of the water", "the number of days until the seeds sprout", "the size of pot used for growing the seeds", "the depth of the soil"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "O", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Marta and Roger are comparing how long it takes two different types of seeds to sprout. They plant both types of seeds in similar pots, place them in a sunny window, and water them daily. If they want to conduct their investigation correctly, which information is most important to record?\nQ. the temperature of the water\nZ. the number of days until the seeds sprout\nO. the size of pot used for growing the seeds\nG. the depth of the soil\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3730}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401310", "question": "Deposition of sediment will most likely form a", "choices": {"text": ["cave.", "delta.", "river.", "mountain."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Deposition of sediment will most likely form a\nA. cave.\nB. delta.\nC. river.\nD. mountain.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Deposition of sediment will most likely form a", "choices": {"text": ["river.", "mountain.", "cave.", "delta."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Deposition of sediment will most likely form a\nA. river.\nB. mountain.\nC. cave.\nD. delta.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Deposition of sediment will most likely form a", "choices": {"text": ["cave.", "delta.", "river.", "mountain."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Deposition of sediment will most likely form a\n1. cave.\n2. delta.\n3. river.\n4. mountain.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Deposition of sediment will most likely form a", "choices": {"text": ["cave.", "delta.", "river.", "mountain."], "label": ["P", "U", "E", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Deposition of sediment will most likely form a\nP. cave.\nU. delta.\nE. river.\nI. mountain.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Deposition of sediment will most likely form a", "choices": {"text": ["river.", "mountain.", "cave.", "delta."], "label": ["P", "U", "E", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Deposition of sediment will most likely form a\nP. river.\nU. mountain.\nE. cave.\nI. delta.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3731}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409172", "question": "During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?", "choices": {"text": ["to obtain data to test a hypothesis", "to make a complete observation", "to make a report of the procedures", "to make a hypothesis understandable"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?\nA. to obtain data to test a hypothesis\nB. to make a complete observation\nC. to make a report of the procedures\nD. to make a hypothesis understandable\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?", "choices": {"text": ["to make a report of the procedures", "to make a hypothesis understandable", "to obtain data to test a hypothesis", "to make a complete observation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?\nA. to make a report of the procedures\nB. to make a hypothesis understandable\nC. to obtain data to test a hypothesis\nD. to make a complete observation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?", "choices": {"text": ["to obtain data to test a hypothesis", "to make a complete observation", "to make a report of the procedures", "to make a hypothesis understandable"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?\n1. to obtain data to test a hypothesis\n2. to make a complete observation\n3. to make a report of the procedures\n4. to make a hypothesis understandable\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?", "choices": {"text": ["to obtain data to test a hypothesis", "to make a complete observation", "to make a report of the procedures", "to make a hypothesis understandable"], "label": ["B", "E", "L", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?\nB. to obtain data to test a hypothesis\nE. to make a complete observation\nL. to make a report of the procedures\nG. to make a hypothesis understandable\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?", "choices": {"text": ["to make a report of the procedures", "to make a hypothesis understandable", "to obtain data to test a hypothesis", "to make a complete observation"], "label": ["B", "E", "L", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a space mission, scientists will send experiments for the astronauts to conduct in space. In many cases, scientists have made predictions about the outcome of the experiment. Why do astronauts perform the experiment if the results have already been predicted?\nB. to make a report of the procedures\nE. to make a hypothesis understandable\nL. to obtain data to test a hypothesis\nG. to make a complete observation\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3732}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7211628", "question": "Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?", "choices": {"text": ["a reduction in the rate of species change", "an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions", "an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation", "a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?\nA. a reduction in the rate of species change\nB. an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions\nC. an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation\nD. a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions", "an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation", "a reduction in the rate of species change", "a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?\nA. an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions\nB. an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation\nC. a reduction in the rate of species change\nD. a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?", "choices": {"text": ["a reduction in the rate of species change", "an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions", "an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation", "a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?\n1. a reduction in the rate of species change\n2. an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions\n3. an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation\n4. a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?", "choices": {"text": ["a reduction in the rate of species change", "an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions", "an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation", "a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects"], "label": ["F", "H", "O", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?\nF. a reduction in the rate of species change\nH. an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions\nO. an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation\nI. a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions", "an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation", "a reduction in the rate of species change", "a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects"], "label": ["F", "H", "O", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Approximately 14,000 years ago, the climate in North America began to warm rapidly. At the same time, human hunters migrated to the continent. Which of these most likely resulted from a combination of these two factors?\nF. an increase in the rate of large mammal extinctions\nH. an increase in the amount of interspecies cooperation\nO. a reduction in the rate of species change\nI. a reduction in the total number of small parasitic insects\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3733}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_412777", "question": "Which is an SI unit for density?", "choices": {"text": ["lb", "kg", "lb/ft^3", "kg/m^3"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an SI unit for density?\nA. lb\nB. kg\nC. lb/ft^3\nD. kg/m^3\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an SI unit for density?", "choices": {"text": ["kg/m^3", "kg", "lb", "lb/ft^3"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an SI unit for density?\nA. kg/m^3\nB. kg\nC. lb\nD. lb/ft^3\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an SI unit for density?", "choices": {"text": ["lb", "kg", "lb/ft^3", "kg/m^3"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an SI unit for density?\n1. lb\n2. kg\n3. lb/ft^3\n4. kg/m^3\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an SI unit for density?", "choices": {"text": ["lb", "kg", "lb/ft^3", "kg/m^3"], "label": ["Y", "N", "D", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an SI unit for density?\nY. lb\nN. kg\nD. lb/ft^3\nG. kg/m^3\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an SI unit for density?", "choices": {"text": ["kg/m^3", "kg", "lb", "lb/ft^3"], "label": ["Y", "N", "D", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an SI unit for density?\nY. kg/m^3\nN. kg\nD. lb\nG. lb/ft^3\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3734}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_4_35", "question": "In the United States, each day the Sun appears to", "choices": {"text": ["rise in the west and set in the east.", "rise in the east and set in the west.", "rise in the north and set in the south.", "rise in the south and set in the north."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the United States, each day the Sun appears to\nA. rise in the west and set in the east.\nB. rise in the east and set in the west.\nC. rise in the north and set in the south.\nD. rise in the south and set in the north.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the United States, each day the Sun appears to", "choices": {"text": ["rise in the west and set in the east.", "rise in the north and set in the south.", "rise in the east and set in the west.", "rise in the south and set in the north."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the United States, each day the Sun appears to\nA. rise in the west and set in the east.\nB. rise in the north and set in the south.\nC. rise in the east and set in the west.\nD. rise in the south and set in the north.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the United States, each day the Sun appears to", "choices": {"text": ["rise in the west and set in the east.", "rise in the east and set in the west.", "rise in the north and set in the south.", "rise in the south and set in the north."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the United States, each day the Sun appears to\n1. rise in the west and set in the east.\n2. rise in the east and set in the west.\n3. rise in the north and set in the south.\n4. rise in the south and set in the north.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the United States, each day the Sun appears to", "choices": {"text": ["rise in the west and set in the east.", "rise in the east and set in the west.", "rise in the north and set in the south.", "rise in the south and set in the north."], "label": ["I", "S", "R", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the United States, each day the Sun appears to\nI. rise in the west and set in the east.\nS. rise in the east and set in the west.\nR. rise in the north and set in the south.\nE. rise in the south and set in the north.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the United States, each day the Sun appears to", "choices": {"text": ["rise in the west and set in the east.", "rise in the north and set in the south.", "rise in the east and set in the west.", "rise in the south and set in the north."], "label": ["I", "S", "R", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the United States, each day the Sun appears to\nI. rise in the west and set in the east.\nS. rise in the north and set in the south.\nR. rise in the east and set in the west.\nE. rise in the south and set in the north.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3735}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401358", "question": "Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?", "choices": {"text": ["wood", "plastic", "iron", "paper"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?\nA. wood\nB. plastic\nC. iron\nD. paper\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?", "choices": {"text": ["wood", "iron", "paper", "plastic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?\nA. wood\nB. iron\nC. paper\nD. plastic\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?", "choices": {"text": ["wood", "plastic", "iron", "paper"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?\n1. wood\n2. plastic\n3. iron\n4. paper\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?", "choices": {"text": ["wood", "plastic", "iron", "paper"], "label": ["H", "B", "X", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?\nH. wood\nB. plastic\nX. iron\nI. paper\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?", "choices": {"text": ["wood", "iron", "paper", "plastic"], "label": ["H", "B", "X", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which substance is magnetic and conducts heat?\nH. wood\nB. iron\nX. paper\nI. plastic\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3736}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7181633", "question": "During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cytoplasm", "mitochondria", "endoplasmic reticulum"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?\nA. nucleus\nB. cytoplasm\nC. mitochondria\nD. endoplasmic reticulum\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cytoplasm", "endoplasmic reticulum", "mitochondria"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?\nA. nucleus\nB. cytoplasm\nC. endoplasmic reticulum\nD. mitochondria\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cytoplasm", "mitochondria", "endoplasmic reticulum"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?\n1. nucleus\n2. cytoplasm\n3. mitochondria\n4. endoplasmic reticulum\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cytoplasm", "mitochondria", "endoplasmic reticulum"], "label": ["L", "F", "X", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?\nL. nucleus\nF. cytoplasm\nX. mitochondria\nV. endoplasmic reticulum\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cytoplasm", "endoplasmic reticulum", "mitochondria"], "label": ["L", "F", "X", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate (C3H4O3) is converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur?\nL. nucleus\nF. cytoplasm\nX. endoplasmic reticulum\nV. mitochondria\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3737}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_6", "question": "A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "dynamic equilibrium", "extinction", "disease"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to\nA. selective breeding\nB. dynamic equilibrium\nC. extinction\nD. disease\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "disease", "extinction", "dynamic equilibrium"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to\nA. selective breeding\nB. disease\nC. extinction\nD. dynamic equilibrium\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "dynamic equilibrium", "extinction", "disease"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to\n1. selective breeding\n2. dynamic equilibrium\n3. extinction\n4. disease\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "dynamic equilibrium", "extinction", "disease"], "label": ["M", "C", "R", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to\nM. selective breeding\nC. dynamic equilibrium\nR. extinction\nQ. disease\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "disease", "extinction", "dynamic equilibrium"], "label": ["M", "C", "R", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student fails to eat a balanced diet over a period of time. This lack of a balanced diet can lead to\nM. selective breeding\nC. disease\nR. extinction\nQ. dynamic equilibrium\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3738}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_411027", "question": "In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "eagles", "frogs", "snakes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?\nA. deer\nB. eagles\nC. frogs\nD. snakes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?", "choices": {"text": ["snakes", "frogs", "deer", "eagles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?\nA. snakes\nB. frogs\nC. deer\nD. eagles\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "eagles", "frogs", "snakes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?\n1. deer\n2. eagles\n3. frogs\n4. snakes\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?", "choices": {"text": ["deer", "eagles", "frogs", "snakes"], "label": ["R", "N", "P", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?\nR. deer\nN. eagles\nP. frogs\nD. snakes\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?", "choices": {"text": ["snakes", "frogs", "deer", "eagles"], "label": ["R", "N", "P", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In 1989, an oil spill off the coast of Alaska led to a decline in the population of many organisms. Which other population was most likely affected by the drop in population of the fish, otters, and seals?\nR. snakes\nN. frogs\nP. deer\nD. eagles\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3739}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7267943", "question": "Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?", "choices": {"text": ["to increase strength for moving around in the cabin", "to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission", "to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity", "to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?\nA. to increase strength for moving around in the cabin\nB. to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission\nC. to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity\nD. to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?", "choices": {"text": ["to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity", "to increase strength for moving around in the cabin", "to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission", "to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?\nA. to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity\nB. to increase strength for moving around in the cabin\nC. to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission\nD. to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?", "choices": {"text": ["to increase strength for moving around in the cabin", "to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission", "to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity", "to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?\n1. to increase strength for moving around in the cabin\n2. to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission\n3. to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity\n4. to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?", "choices": {"text": ["to increase strength for moving around in the cabin", "to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission", "to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity", "to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet"], "label": ["P", "E", "Q", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?\nP. to increase strength for moving around in the cabin\nE. to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission\nQ. to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity\nC. to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?", "choices": {"text": ["to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity", "to increase strength for moving around in the cabin", "to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission", "to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet"], "label": ["P", "E", "Q", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best reason for exercising on space flights?\nP. to minimize the loss of muscle mass due to microgravity\nE. to increase strength for moving around in the cabin\nQ. to keep from becoming overweight on a space mission\nC. to ensure that bodily fluids do not tend to collect in the feet\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3740}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406467", "question": "With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?", "choices": {"text": ["Cells are small.", "Cells are alive.", "Cells move quickly.", "Cells have an electrical charge."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?\nA. Cells are small.\nB. Cells are alive.\nC. Cells move quickly.\nD. Cells have an electrical charge.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?", "choices": {"text": ["Cells are alive.", "Cells move quickly.", "Cells have an electrical charge.", "Cells are small."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?\nA. Cells are alive.\nB. Cells move quickly.\nC. Cells have an electrical charge.\nD. Cells are small.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?", "choices": {"text": ["Cells are small.", "Cells are alive.", "Cells move quickly.", "Cells have an electrical charge."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?\n1. Cells are small.\n2. Cells are alive.\n3. Cells move quickly.\n4. Cells have an electrical charge.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?", "choices": {"text": ["Cells are small.", "Cells are alive.", "Cells move quickly.", "Cells have an electrical charge."], "label": ["A", "U", "Q", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?\nA. Cells are small.\nU. Cells are alive.\nQ. Cells move quickly.\nW. Cells have an electrical charge.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?", "choices": {"text": ["Cells are alive.", "Cells move quickly.", "Cells have an electrical charge.", "Cells are small."], "label": ["A", "U", "Q", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: With the development of the microscope, scientists were able to see cells for the first time. Why was it difficult to view cells without a microscope?\nA. Cells are alive.\nU. Cells move quickly.\nQ. Cells have an electrical charge.\nW. Cells are small.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3741}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_9_29", "question": "Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?", "choices": {"text": ["calcium", "nitrogen", "oxygen", "protein"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?\nA. calcium\nB. nitrogen\nC. oxygen\nD. protein\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "protein", "calcium", "nitrogen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?\nA. oxygen\nB. protein\nC. calcium\nD. nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?", "choices": {"text": ["calcium", "nitrogen", "oxygen", "protein"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?\n1. calcium\n2. nitrogen\n3. oxygen\n4. protein\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?", "choices": {"text": ["calcium", "nitrogen", "oxygen", "protein"], "label": ["J", "C", "T", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?\nJ. calcium\nC. nitrogen\nT. oxygen\nO. protein\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "protein", "calcium", "nitrogen"], "label": ["J", "C", "T", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fertilizers can enable farmers to grow the same crop in a field for several years in a row. Farmers who use less fertilizer often rotate their crops by planting the crop one year and legumes, such as beans and clover, the following year. Fertilizer use and crop rotation with legumes both increase the availability of which of the following nutrients in soil?\nJ. oxygen\nC. protein\nT. calcium\nO. nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3742}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_22", "question": "Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?", "choices": {"text": ["hibernation and migration", "growth and development", "changing color and shedding fur", "building nests and communication"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?\nA. hibernation and migration\nB. growth and development\nC. changing color and shedding fur\nD. building nests and communication\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?", "choices": {"text": ["growth and development", "hibernation and migration", "changing color and shedding fur", "building nests and communication"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?\nA. growth and development\nB. hibernation and migration\nC. changing color and shedding fur\nD. building nests and communication\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?", "choices": {"text": ["hibernation and migration", "growth and development", "changing color and shedding fur", "building nests and communication"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?\n1. hibernation and migration\n2. growth and development\n3. changing color and shedding fur\n4. building nests and communication\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?", "choices": {"text": ["hibernation and migration", "growth and development", "changing color and shedding fur", "building nests and communication"], "label": ["H", "M", "L", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?\nH. hibernation and migration\nM. growth and development\nL. changing color and shedding fur\nZ. building nests and communication\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?", "choices": {"text": ["growth and development", "hibernation and migration", "changing color and shedding fur", "building nests and communication"], "label": ["H", "M", "L", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two processes occur during the life spans of all animals?\nH. growth and development\nM. hibernation and migration\nL. changing color and shedding fur\nZ. building nests and communication\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3743}
{"arc_id": "MEAP_2005_8_16", "question": "Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?", "choices": {"text": ["An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge.", "An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.", "An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.", "An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?\nA. An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge.\nB. An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.\nC. An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.\nD. An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?", "choices": {"text": ["An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center.", "An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.", "An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.", "An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?\nA. An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center.\nB. An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.\nC. An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.\nD. An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?", "choices": {"text": ["An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge.", "An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.", "An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.", "An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?\n1. An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge.\n2. An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.\n3. An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.\n4. An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?", "choices": {"text": ["An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge.", "An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.", "An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.", "An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center."], "label": ["W", "X", "K", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?\nW. An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge.\nX. An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.\nK. An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.\nA. An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?", "choices": {"text": ["An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center.", "An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.", "An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.", "An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge."], "label": ["W", "X", "K", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is true regarding the properties of an air mass?\nW. An air mass has greater moisture near the edges and is cooler near the center.\nX. An air mass is cooler near the edges and has greater moisture near the center.\nK. An air mass has similar temperature and moisture properties throughout it.\nA. An air mass is warmer at the leading edge and cooler at the trailing edge.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3744}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402074", "question": "When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as", "choices": {"text": ["migration.", "extinction.", "overpopulation.", "ecological succession."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as\nA. migration.\nB. extinction.\nC. overpopulation.\nD. ecological succession.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as", "choices": {"text": ["ecological succession.", "overpopulation.", "migration.", "extinction."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as\nA. ecological succession.\nB. overpopulation.\nC. migration.\nD. extinction.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as", "choices": {"text": ["migration.", "extinction.", "overpopulation.", "ecological succession."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as\n1. migration.\n2. extinction.\n3. overpopulation.\n4. ecological succession.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as", "choices": {"text": ["migration.", "extinction.", "overpopulation.", "ecological succession."], "label": ["Q", "A", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as\nQ. migration.\nA. extinction.\nP. overpopulation.\nG. ecological succession.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as", "choices": {"text": ["ecological succession.", "overpopulation.", "migration.", "extinction."], "label": ["Q", "A", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as\nQ. ecological succession.\nA. overpopulation.\nP. migration.\nG. extinction.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3745}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7056543", "question": "What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?", "choices": {"text": ["pebbles", "sand", "rocks", "clay"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?\nA. pebbles\nB. sand\nC. rocks\nD. clay\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?", "choices": {"text": ["clay", "rocks", "pebbles", "sand"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?\nA. clay\nB. rocks\nC. pebbles\nD. sand\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?", "choices": {"text": ["pebbles", "sand", "rocks", "clay"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?\n1. pebbles\n2. sand\n3. rocks\n4. clay\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?", "choices": {"text": ["pebbles", "sand", "rocks", "clay"], "label": ["N", "G", "S", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?\nN. pebbles\nG. sand\nS. rocks\nM. clay\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?", "choices": {"text": ["clay", "rocks", "pebbles", "sand"], "label": ["N", "G", "S", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: What should be added to soil to increase its water retention?\nN. clay\nG. rocks\nS. pebbles\nM. sand\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3746}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_4_11", "question": "A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both", "choices": {"text": ["are living organisms.", "need to search for food.", "make their own food.", "are non-living organisms."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both\nA. are living organisms.\nB. need to search for food.\nC. make their own food.\nD. are non-living organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both", "choices": {"text": ["are non-living organisms.", "make their own food.", "are living organisms.", "need to search for food."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both\nA. are non-living organisms.\nB. make their own food.\nC. are living organisms.\nD. need to search for food.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both", "choices": {"text": ["are living organisms.", "need to search for food.", "make their own food.", "are non-living organisms."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both\n1. are living organisms.\n2. need to search for food.\n3. make their own food.\n4. are non-living organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both", "choices": {"text": ["are living organisms.", "need to search for food.", "make their own food.", "are non-living organisms."], "label": ["J", "H", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both\nJ. are living organisms.\nH. need to search for food.\nX. make their own food.\nQ. are non-living organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both", "choices": {"text": ["are non-living organisms.", "make their own food.", "are living organisms.", "need to search for food."], "label": ["J", "H", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rosebush and a bird are similar because they both\nJ. are non-living organisms.\nH. make their own food.\nX. are living organisms.\nQ. need to search for food.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3747}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7219118", "question": "The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?", "choices": {"text": ["pressure at which the processes occurred", "temperature at which the processes occurred", "chemical impurities present as the processes occurred", "amount of time passed since the processes occurred"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?\nA. pressure at which the processes occurred\nB. temperature at which the processes occurred\nC. chemical impurities present as the processes occurred\nD. amount of time passed since the processes occurred\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature at which the processes occurred", "amount of time passed since the processes occurred", "pressure at which the processes occurred", "chemical impurities present as the processes occurred"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?\nA. temperature at which the processes occurred\nB. amount of time passed since the processes occurred\nC. pressure at which the processes occurred\nD. chemical impurities present as the processes occurred\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?", "choices": {"text": ["pressure at which the processes occurred", "temperature at which the processes occurred", "chemical impurities present as the processes occurred", "amount of time passed since the processes occurred"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?\n1. pressure at which the processes occurred\n2. temperature at which the processes occurred\n3. chemical impurities present as the processes occurred\n4. amount of time passed since the processes occurred\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?", "choices": {"text": ["pressure at which the processes occurred", "temperature at which the processes occurred", "chemical impurities present as the processes occurred", "amount of time passed since the processes occurred"], "label": ["L", "E", "T", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?\nL. pressure at which the processes occurred\nE. temperature at which the processes occurred\nT. chemical impurities present as the processes occurred\nZ. amount of time passed since the processes occurred\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature at which the processes occurred", "amount of time passed since the processes occurred", "pressure at which the processes occurred", "chemical impurities present as the processes occurred"], "label": ["L", "E", "T", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors?\nL. temperature at which the processes occurred\nE. amount of time passed since the processes occurred\nT. pressure at which the processes occurred\nZ. chemical impurities present as the processes occurred\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3748}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7043873", "question": "What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["It becomes warmer and forms clouds.", "It becomes cooler and forms clouds.", "Its temperature remains the same.", "Its temperature varies greatly."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?\nA. It becomes warmer and forms clouds.\nB. It becomes cooler and forms clouds.\nC. Its temperature remains the same.\nD. Its temperature varies greatly.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["Its temperature varies greatly.", "Its temperature remains the same.", "It becomes cooler and forms clouds.", "It becomes warmer and forms clouds."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?\nA. Its temperature varies greatly.\nB. Its temperature remains the same.\nC. It becomes cooler and forms clouds.\nD. It becomes warmer and forms clouds.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["It becomes warmer and forms clouds.", "It becomes cooler and forms clouds.", "Its temperature remains the same.", "Its temperature varies greatly."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?\n1. It becomes warmer and forms clouds.\n2. It becomes cooler and forms clouds.\n3. Its temperature remains the same.\n4. Its temperature varies greatly.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["It becomes warmer and forms clouds.", "It becomes cooler and forms clouds.", "Its temperature remains the same.", "Its temperature varies greatly."], "label": ["X", "C", "U", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?\nX. It becomes warmer and forms clouds.\nC. It becomes cooler and forms clouds.\nU. Its temperature remains the same.\nK. Its temperature varies greatly.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["Its temperature varies greatly.", "Its temperature remains the same.", "It becomes cooler and forms clouds.", "It becomes warmer and forms clouds."], "label": ["X", "C", "U", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?\nX. Its temperature varies greatly.\nC. Its temperature remains the same.\nU. It becomes cooler and forms clouds.\nK. It becomes warmer and forms clouds.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3749}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7207060", "question": "Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen and argon", "oxygen and sulfur dioxide", "carbon dioxide and water vapor", "hydrochloric acid and hydrogen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?\nA. nitrogen and argon\nB. oxygen and sulfur dioxide\nC. carbon dioxide and water vapor\nD. hydrochloric acid and hydrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide and water vapor", "oxygen and sulfur dioxide", "hydrochloric acid and hydrogen", "nitrogen and argon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?\nA. carbon dioxide and water vapor\nB. oxygen and sulfur dioxide\nC. hydrochloric acid and hydrogen\nD. nitrogen and argon\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen and argon", "oxygen and sulfur dioxide", "carbon dioxide and water vapor", "hydrochloric acid and hydrogen"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?\n1. nitrogen and argon\n2. oxygen and sulfur dioxide\n3. carbon dioxide and water vapor\n4. hydrochloric acid and hydrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen and argon", "oxygen and sulfur dioxide", "carbon dioxide and water vapor", "hydrochloric acid and hydrogen"], "label": ["Q", "N", "B", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?\nQ. nitrogen and argon\nN. oxygen and sulfur dioxide\nB. carbon dioxide and water vapor\nL. hydrochloric acid and hydrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide and water vapor", "oxygen and sulfur dioxide", "hydrochloric acid and hydrogen", "nitrogen and argon"], "label": ["Q", "N", "B", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from Earth's surface and re-radiates some of it back to Earth. Which of these gases have the most significant impact on the temperature of Earth's atmosphere?\nQ. carbon dioxide and water vapor\nN. oxygen and sulfur dioxide\nB. hydrochloric acid and hydrogen\nL. nitrogen and argon\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3750}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7090563", "question": "Volcanoes are considered constructive because they", "choices": {"text": ["deposit lava.", "cause erosion.", "trigger earthquakes.", "release gases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volcanoes are considered constructive because they\nA. deposit lava.\nB. cause erosion.\nC. trigger earthquakes.\nD. release gases.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Volcanoes are considered constructive because they", "choices": {"text": ["release gases.", "cause erosion.", "deposit lava.", "trigger earthquakes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volcanoes are considered constructive because they\nA. release gases.\nB. cause erosion.\nC. deposit lava.\nD. trigger earthquakes.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Volcanoes are considered constructive because they", "choices": {"text": ["deposit lava.", "cause erosion.", "trigger earthquakes.", "release gases."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volcanoes are considered constructive because they\n1. deposit lava.\n2. cause erosion.\n3. trigger earthquakes.\n4. release gases.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Volcanoes are considered constructive because they", "choices": {"text": ["deposit lava.", "cause erosion.", "trigger earthquakes.", "release gases."], "label": ["F", "Z", "L", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volcanoes are considered constructive because they\nF. deposit lava.\nZ. cause erosion.\nL. trigger earthquakes.\nM. release gases.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Volcanoes are considered constructive because they", "choices": {"text": ["release gases.", "cause erosion.", "deposit lava.", "trigger earthquakes."], "label": ["F", "Z", "L", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volcanoes are considered constructive because they\nF. release gases.\nZ. cause erosion.\nL. deposit lava.\nM. trigger earthquakes.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3751}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402623", "question": "What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?", "choices": {"text": ["it separates", "it dissolves", "it floats to the top", "it becomes warm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?\nA. it separates\nB. it dissolves\nC. it floats to the top\nD. it becomes warm\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?", "choices": {"text": ["it becomes warm", "it separates", "it floats to the top", "it dissolves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?\nA. it becomes warm\nB. it separates\nC. it floats to the top\nD. it dissolves\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?", "choices": {"text": ["it separates", "it dissolves", "it floats to the top", "it becomes warm"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?\n1. it separates\n2. it dissolves\n3. it floats to the top\n4. it becomes warm\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?", "choices": {"text": ["it separates", "it dissolves", "it floats to the top", "it becomes warm"], "label": ["Q", "D", "H", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?\nQ. it separates\nD. it dissolves\nH. it floats to the top\nT. it becomes warm\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?", "choices": {"text": ["it becomes warm", "it separates", "it floats to the top", "it dissolves"], "label": ["Q", "D", "H", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to sugar when it is combined with water?\nQ. it becomes warm\nD. it separates\nH. it floats to the top\nT. it dissolves\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3752}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416138", "question": "Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?", "choices": {"text": ["The trees could not make leaves.", "The trees could not make flowers.", "The trees could not make seeds.", "The trees could not make bark."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?\nA. The trees could not make leaves.\nB. The trees could not make flowers.\nC. The trees could not make seeds.\nD. The trees could not make bark.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?", "choices": {"text": ["The trees could not make seeds.", "The trees could not make bark.", "The trees could not make leaves.", "The trees could not make flowers."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?\nA. The trees could not make seeds.\nB. The trees could not make bark.\nC. The trees could not make leaves.\nD. The trees could not make flowers.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?", "choices": {"text": ["The trees could not make leaves.", "The trees could not make flowers.", "The trees could not make seeds.", "The trees could not make bark."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?\n1. The trees could not make leaves.\n2. The trees could not make flowers.\n3. The trees could not make seeds.\n4. The trees could not make bark.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?", "choices": {"text": ["The trees could not make leaves.", "The trees could not make flowers.", "The trees could not make seeds.", "The trees could not make bark."], "label": ["E", "F", "L", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?\nE. The trees could not make leaves.\nF. The trees could not make flowers.\nL. The trees could not make seeds.\nP. The trees could not make bark.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?", "choices": {"text": ["The trees could not make seeds.", "The trees could not make bark.", "The trees could not make leaves.", "The trees could not make flowers."], "label": ["E", "F", "L", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Pesticides are chemicals that kill insects. What could happen if the pesticides killed all the pollinators near some apple trees?\nE. The trees could not make seeds.\nF. The trees could not make bark.\nL. The trees could not make leaves.\nP. The trees could not make flowers.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3753}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405510", "question": "Which statement describes the formation of a delta?", "choices": {"text": ["A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.", "A mound of sand is built by wind.", "A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.", "A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the formation of a delta?\nA. A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.\nB. A mound of sand is built by wind.\nC. A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.\nD. A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the formation of a delta?", "choices": {"text": ["A mound of sand is built by wind.", "A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.", "A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river.", "A low area of land is surrounded by mountains."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the formation of a delta?\nA. A mound of sand is built by wind.\nB. A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.\nC. A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river.\nD. A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the formation of a delta?", "choices": {"text": ["A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.", "A mound of sand is built by wind.", "A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.", "A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the formation of a delta?\n1. A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.\n2. A mound of sand is built by wind.\n3. A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.\n4. A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the formation of a delta?", "choices": {"text": ["A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.", "A mound of sand is built by wind.", "A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.", "A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river."], "label": ["W", "R", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the formation of a delta?\nW. A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.\nR. A mound of sand is built by wind.\nP. A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.\nY. A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement describes the formation of a delta?", "choices": {"text": ["A mound of sand is built by wind.", "A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.", "A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river.", "A low area of land is surrounded by mountains."], "label": ["W", "R", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement describes the formation of a delta?\nW. A mound of sand is built by wind.\nR. A large mass of ice and snow accumulates.\nP. A mass of sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river.\nY. A low area of land is surrounded by mountains.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3754}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2013_8_33", "question": "Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as", "choices": {"text": ["an atom", "a reactant", "an element", "a compound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as\nA. an atom\nB. a reactant\nC. an element\nD. a compound\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as", "choices": {"text": ["a compound", "an atom", "a reactant", "an element"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as\nA. a compound\nB. an atom\nC. a reactant\nD. an element\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as", "choices": {"text": ["an atom", "a reactant", "an element", "a compound"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as\n1. an atom\n2. a reactant\n3. an element\n4. a compound\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as", "choices": {"text": ["an atom", "a reactant", "an element", "a compound"], "label": ["Z", "A", "U", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as\nZ. an atom\nA. a reactant\nU. an element\nO. a compound\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as", "choices": {"text": ["a compound", "an atom", "a reactant", "an element"], "label": ["Z", "A", "U", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. The water in this reaction is described as\nZ. a compound\nA. an atom\nU. a reactant\nO. an element\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3755}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7271373", "question": "Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplasts", "mitochondria", "DNA molecules", "nuclear membranes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?\nA. chloroplasts\nB. mitochondria\nC. DNA molecules\nD. nuclear membranes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?", "choices": {"text": ["DNA molecules", "nuclear membranes", "mitochondria", "chloroplasts"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?\nA. DNA molecules\nB. nuclear membranes\nC. mitochondria\nD. chloroplasts\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplasts", "mitochondria", "DNA molecules", "nuclear membranes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?\n1. chloroplasts\n2. mitochondria\n3. DNA molecules\n4. nuclear membranes\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplasts", "mitochondria", "DNA molecules", "nuclear membranes"], "label": ["R", "A", "I", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?\nR. chloroplasts\nA. mitochondria\nI. DNA molecules\nX. nuclear membranes\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?", "choices": {"text": ["DNA molecules", "nuclear membranes", "mitochondria", "chloroplasts"], "label": ["R", "A", "I", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these cell parts store genetic instructions for the entire organism and transfers them from one generation to the next?\nR. DNA molecules\nA. nuclear membranes\nI. mitochondria\nX. chloroplasts\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3756}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400629", "question": "Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus, electrons, and quarks", "protons, neutron, and electrons", "ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions", "nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?\nA. nucleus, electrons, and quarks\nB. protons, neutron, and electrons\nC. ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions\nD. nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["protons, neutron, and electrons", "nucleus, electrons, and quarks", "nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels", "ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?\nA. protons, neutron, and electrons\nB. nucleus, electrons, and quarks\nC. nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels\nD. ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus, electrons, and quarks", "protons, neutron, and electrons", "ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions", "nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?\n1. nucleus, electrons, and quarks\n2. protons, neutron, and electrons\n3. ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions\n4. nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus, electrons, and quarks", "protons, neutron, and electrons", "ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions", "nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels"], "label": ["L", "X", "G", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?\nL. nucleus, electrons, and quarks\nX. protons, neutron, and electrons\nG. ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions\nC. nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["protons, neutron, and electrons", "nucleus, electrons, and quarks", "nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels", "ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions"], "label": ["L", "X", "G", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which list describes the particles that make up an atom?\nL. protons, neutron, and electrons\nX. nucleus, electrons, and quarks\nG. nucleus, electron cloud, and energy levels\nC. ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and ions\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3757}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2010_8_9", "question": "Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?", "choices": {"text": ["bottling water", "dam construction", "collecting rainwater", "wastewater treatment"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?\nA. bottling water\nB. dam construction\nC. collecting rainwater\nD. wastewater treatment\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?", "choices": {"text": ["wastewater treatment", "collecting rainwater", "dam construction", "bottling water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?\nA. wastewater treatment\nB. collecting rainwater\nC. dam construction\nD. bottling water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?", "choices": {"text": ["bottling water", "dam construction", "collecting rainwater", "wastewater treatment"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?\n1. bottling water\n2. dam construction\n3. collecting rainwater\n4. wastewater treatment\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?", "choices": {"text": ["bottling water", "dam construction", "collecting rainwater", "wastewater treatment"], "label": ["G", "P", "X", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?\nG. bottling water\nP. dam construction\nX. collecting rainwater\nE. wastewater treatment\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?", "choices": {"text": ["wastewater treatment", "collecting rainwater", "dam construction", "bottling water"], "label": ["G", "P", "X", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth has a limited supply of fresh drinking water. Which method is used to recycle water for humans to use?\nG. wastewater treatment\nP. collecting rainwater\nX. dam construction\nE. bottling water\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3758}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7217595", "question": "A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?", "choices": {"text": ["mutualism", "commensalism", "parasitism", "phototropism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?\nA. mutualism\nB. commensalism\nC. parasitism\nD. phototropism\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?", "choices": {"text": ["phototropism", "parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?\nA. phototropism\nB. parasitism\nC. commensalism\nD. mutualism\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?", "choices": {"text": ["mutualism", "commensalism", "parasitism", "phototropism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?\n1. mutualism\n2. commensalism\n3. parasitism\n4. phototropism\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?", "choices": {"text": ["mutualism", "commensalism", "parasitism", "phototropism"], "label": ["T", "L", "W", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?\nT. mutualism\nL. commensalism\nW. parasitism\nI. phototropism\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?", "choices": {"text": ["phototropism", "parasitism", "commensalism", "mutualism"], "label": ["T", "L", "W", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plover bird eats bits of food that become stuck in a crocodile's teeth without being hurt. The crocodile gets its teeth cleaned and the bird gets food. Which type of relationship exists between the bird and the crocodile?\nT. phototropism\nL. parasitism\nW. commensalism\nI. mutualism\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3759}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2010_8_6-v1", "question": "What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["how a species changed over time", "how animals made a shelter", "the color of leaves on a plant", "the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?\nA. how a species changed over time\nB. how animals made a shelter\nC. the color of leaves on a plant\nD. the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart", "how animals made a shelter", "the color of leaves on a plant", "how a species changed over time"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?\nA. the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart\nB. how animals made a shelter\nC. the color of leaves on a plant\nD. how a species changed over time\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["how a species changed over time", "how animals made a shelter", "the color of leaves on a plant", "the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?\n1. how a species changed over time\n2. how animals made a shelter\n3. the color of leaves on a plant\n4. the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["how a species changed over time", "how animals made a shelter", "the color of leaves on a plant", "the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart"], "label": ["U", "Q", "N", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?\nU. how a species changed over time\nQ. how animals made a shelter\nN. the color of leaves on a plant\nE. the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart", "how animals made a shelter", "the color of leaves on a plant", "how a species changed over time"], "label": ["U", "Q", "N", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: What can scientists learn about the past by studying sedimentary rocks?\nU. the number of chambers in a dinosaur's heart\nQ. how animals made a shelter\nN. the color of leaves on a plant\nE. how a species changed over time\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3760}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_8_39", "question": "A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between", "choices": {"text": ["measurement, form, and function.", "changes, interactions, and formulas.", "logic, evidence, and current knowledge.", "hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between\nA. measurement, form, and function.\nB. changes, interactions, and formulas.\nC. logic, evidence, and current knowledge.\nD. hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between", "choices": {"text": ["changes, interactions, and formulas.", "logic, evidence, and current knowledge.", "measurement, form, and function.", "hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between\nA. changes, interactions, and formulas.\nB. logic, evidence, and current knowledge.\nC. measurement, form, and function.\nD. hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between", "choices": {"text": ["measurement, form, and function.", "changes, interactions, and formulas.", "logic, evidence, and current knowledge.", "hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between\n1. measurement, form, and function.\n2. changes, interactions, and formulas.\n3. logic, evidence, and current knowledge.\n4. hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between", "choices": {"text": ["measurement, form, and function.", "changes, interactions, and formulas.", "logic, evidence, and current knowledge.", "hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment."], "label": ["N", "I", "B", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between\nN. measurement, form, and function.\nI. changes, interactions, and formulas.\nB. logic, evidence, and current knowledge.\nL. hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between", "choices": {"text": ["changes, interactions, and formulas.", "logic, evidence, and current knowledge.", "measurement, form, and function.", "hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment."], "label": ["N", "I", "B", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific explanation should include a demonstration of the relationships between\nN. changes, interactions, and formulas.\nI. logic, evidence, and current knowledge.\nB. measurement, form, and function.\nL. hypothesis, problem solving, and lab equipment.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3761}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_406546", "question": "A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant", "choices": {"text": ["resulted from sexual reproduction.", "resulted from asexual reproduction.", "will develop many seeds.", "will have large leaves."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant\nA. resulted from sexual reproduction.\nB. resulted from asexual reproduction.\nC. will develop many seeds.\nD. will have large leaves.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant", "choices": {"text": ["resulted from asexual reproduction.", "resulted from sexual reproduction.", "will have large leaves.", "will develop many seeds."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant\nA. resulted from asexual reproduction.\nB. resulted from sexual reproduction.\nC. will have large leaves.\nD. will develop many seeds.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant", "choices": {"text": ["resulted from sexual reproduction.", "resulted from asexual reproduction.", "will develop many seeds.", "will have large leaves."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant\n1. resulted from sexual reproduction.\n2. resulted from asexual reproduction.\n3. will develop many seeds.\n4. will have large leaves.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant", "choices": {"text": ["resulted from sexual reproduction.", "resulted from asexual reproduction.", "will develop many seeds.", "will have large leaves."], "label": ["Q", "N", "R", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant\nQ. resulted from sexual reproduction.\nN. resulted from asexual reproduction.\nR. will develop many seeds.\nI. will have large leaves.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant", "choices": {"text": ["resulted from asexual reproduction.", "resulted from sexual reproduction.", "will have large leaves.", "will develop many seeds."], "label": ["Q", "N", "R", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant that has traits identical to the parent plant provides evidence that the plant\nQ. resulted from asexual reproduction.\nN. resulted from sexual reproduction.\nR. will have large leaves.\nI. will develop many seeds.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3762}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_8_15", "question": "Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "shape", "density", "volume"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?\nA. mass\nB. shape\nC. density\nD. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "volume", "shape", "density"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?\nA. mass\nB. volume\nC. shape\nD. density\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "shape", "density", "volume"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?\n1. mass\n2. shape\n3. density\n4. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "shape", "density", "volume"], "label": ["Q", "X", "B", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?\nQ. mass\nX. shape\nB. density\nW. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "volume", "shape", "density"], "label": ["Q", "X", "B", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property would best help a student determine if two substances are made of two different elements?\nQ. mass\nX. volume\nB. shape\nW. density\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3763}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400610", "question": "Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in", "choices": {"text": ["crystals.", "lava.", "sedimentary rock.", "metamorphic rock."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in\nA. crystals.\nB. lava.\nC. sedimentary rock.\nD. metamorphic rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in", "choices": {"text": ["sedimentary rock.", "metamorphic rock.", "crystals.", "lava."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in\nA. sedimentary rock.\nB. metamorphic rock.\nC. crystals.\nD. lava.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in", "choices": {"text": ["crystals.", "lava.", "sedimentary rock.", "metamorphic rock."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in\n1. crystals.\n2. lava.\n3. sedimentary rock.\n4. metamorphic rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in", "choices": {"text": ["crystals.", "lava.", "sedimentary rock.", "metamorphic rock."], "label": ["L", "Z", "P", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in\nL. crystals.\nZ. lava.\nP. sedimentary rock.\nH. metamorphic rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in", "choices": {"text": ["sedimentary rock.", "metamorphic rock.", "crystals.", "lava."], "label": ["L", "Z", "P", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Evidence of organisms that lived on Earth a long time ago would most likely be found in\nL. sedimentary rock.\nZ. metamorphic rock.\nP. crystals.\nH. lava.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3764}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400532", "question": "Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "light", "solar", "electrical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?\nA. heat\nB. light\nC. solar\nD. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "heat", "solar", "light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?\nA. electrical\nB. heat\nC. solar\nD. light\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "light", "solar", "electrical"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?\n1. heat\n2. light\n3. solar\n4. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "light", "solar", "electrical"], "label": ["A", "Y", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?\nA. heat\nY. light\nI. solar\nT. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "heat", "solar", "light"], "label": ["A", "Y", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of energy does a radiator give off ?\nA. electrical\nY. heat\nI. solar\nT. light\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3765}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_8_1", "question": "While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?", "choices": {"text": ["Animalia", "Eubacteria", "Fungi", "Protista"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?\nA. Animalia\nB. Eubacteria\nC. Fungi\nD. Protista\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?", "choices": {"text": ["Eubacteria", "Fungi", "Animalia", "Protista"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?\nA. Eubacteria\nB. Fungi\nC. Animalia\nD. Protista\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?", "choices": {"text": ["Animalia", "Eubacteria", "Fungi", "Protista"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?\n1. Animalia\n2. Eubacteria\n3. Fungi\n4. Protista\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?", "choices": {"text": ["Animalia", "Eubacteria", "Fungi", "Protista"], "label": ["Q", "A", "C", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?\nQ. Animalia\nA. Eubacteria\nC. Fungi\nW. Protista\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?", "choices": {"text": ["Eubacteria", "Fungi", "Animalia", "Protista"], "label": ["Q", "A", "C", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: While hiking through Granville State Forest, a student finds an unusual plant-like organism that appears to lack chlorophyll. When the student examines a sample using a microscope, he sees many cells with cell walls and no chloroplasts. This organism is most likely a member of what Kingdom?\nQ. Eubacteria\nA. Fungi\nC. Animalia\nW. Protista\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3766}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400620", "question": "A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?", "choices": {"text": ["size of seeds and amount of solution used", "time of day and number of seeds germinated", "type of detergent and amount of solution used", "number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?\nA. size of seeds and amount of solution used\nB. time of day and number of seeds germinated\nC. type of detergent and amount of solution used\nD. number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?", "choices": {"text": ["time of day and number of seeds germinated", "type of detergent and amount of solution used", "number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot", "size of seeds and amount of solution used"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?\nA. time of day and number of seeds germinated\nB. type of detergent and amount of solution used\nC. number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot\nD. size of seeds and amount of solution used\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?", "choices": {"text": ["size of seeds and amount of solution used", "time of day and number of seeds germinated", "type of detergent and amount of solution used", "number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?\n1. size of seeds and amount of solution used\n2. time of day and number of seeds germinated\n3. type of detergent and amount of solution used\n4. number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?", "choices": {"text": ["size of seeds and amount of solution used", "time of day and number of seeds germinated", "type of detergent and amount of solution used", "number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot"], "label": ["W", "X", "N", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?\nW. size of seeds and amount of solution used\nX. time of day and number of seeds germinated\nN. type of detergent and amount of solution used\nD. number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?", "choices": {"text": ["time of day and number of seeds germinated", "type of detergent and amount of solution used", "number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot", "size of seeds and amount of solution used"], "label": ["W", "X", "N", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the effect soap has on the growth of radish seeds. He puts 30 seeds in three different dishes: one with water, one with a 1% soap solution, and one with a 10% soap solution. Which type of data should he collect?\nW. time of day and number of seeds germinated\nX. type of detergent and amount of solution used\nN. number of seeds germinated and average length of shoot\nD. size of seeds and amount of solution used\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3767}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_8_2015_12", "question": "Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?", "choices": {"text": ["The number of cars produced has decreased.", "The need for custom manufacturing has increased.", "The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased.", "The number of countries producing cars has decreased."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?\nA. The number of cars produced has decreased.\nB. The need for custom manufacturing has increased.\nC. The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased.\nD. The number of countries producing cars has decreased.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?", "choices": {"text": ["The number of cars produced has decreased.", "The need for custom manufacturing has increased.", "The number of countries producing cars has decreased.", "The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?\nA. The number of cars produced has decreased.\nB. The need for custom manufacturing has increased.\nC. The number of countries producing cars has decreased.\nD. The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?", "choices": {"text": ["The number of cars produced has decreased.", "The need for custom manufacturing has increased.", "The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased.", "The number of countries producing cars has decreased."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?\n1. The number of cars produced has decreased.\n2. The need for custom manufacturing has increased.\n3. The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased.\n4. The number of countries producing cars has decreased.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?", "choices": {"text": ["The number of cars produced has decreased.", "The need for custom manufacturing has increased.", "The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased.", "The number of countries producing cars has decreased."], "label": ["Q", "W", "C", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?\nQ. The number of cars produced has decreased.\nW. The need for custom manufacturing has increased.\nC. The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased.\nI. The number of countries producing cars has decreased.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?", "choices": {"text": ["The number of cars produced has decreased.", "The need for custom manufacturing has increased.", "The number of countries producing cars has decreased.", "The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased."], "label": ["Q", "W", "C", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the use of interchangeable parts has affected car manufacturing?\nQ. The number of cars produced has decreased.\nW. The need for custom manufacturing has increased.\nC. The number of countries producing cars has decreased.\nI. The efficiency of manufacturing plants has increased.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3768}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7234623", "question": "Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?", "choices": {"text": ["speed of the car", "direction of the car", "energy of the car", "acceleration of the car"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?\nA. speed of the car\nB. direction of the car\nC. energy of the car\nD. acceleration of the car\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?", "choices": {"text": ["acceleration of the car", "speed of the car", "direction of the car", "energy of the car"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?\nA. acceleration of the car\nB. speed of the car\nC. direction of the car\nD. energy of the car\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?", "choices": {"text": ["speed of the car", "direction of the car", "energy of the car", "acceleration of the car"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?\n1. speed of the car\n2. direction of the car\n3. energy of the car\n4. acceleration of the car\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?", "choices": {"text": ["speed of the car", "direction of the car", "energy of the car", "acceleration of the car"], "label": ["A", "H", "J", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?\nA. speed of the car\nH. direction of the car\nJ. energy of the car\nY. acceleration of the car\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?", "choices": {"text": ["acceleration of the car", "speed of the car", "direction of the car", "energy of the car"], "label": ["A", "H", "J", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which quantity must equal zero if a car is moving at a constant rate along a straight line?\nA. acceleration of the car\nH. speed of the car\nJ. direction of the car\nY. energy of the car\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3769}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7211260", "question": "Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?", "choices": {"text": ["wind turbines", "hydroelectric dams", "fossil fuels", "solar cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?\nA. wind turbines\nB. hydroelectric dams\nC. fossil fuels\nD. solar cells\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?", "choices": {"text": ["hydroelectric dams", "wind turbines", "solar cells", "fossil fuels"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?\nA. hydroelectric dams\nB. wind turbines\nC. solar cells\nD. fossil fuels\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?", "choices": {"text": ["wind turbines", "hydroelectric dams", "fossil fuels", "solar cells"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?\n1. wind turbines\n2. hydroelectric dams\n3. fossil fuels\n4. solar cells\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?", "choices": {"text": ["wind turbines", "hydroelectric dams", "fossil fuels", "solar cells"], "label": ["G", "X", "H", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?\nG. wind turbines\nX. hydroelectric dams\nH. fossil fuels\nS. solar cells\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?", "choices": {"text": ["hydroelectric dams", "wind turbines", "solar cells", "fossil fuels"], "label": ["G", "X", "H", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which widely used energy sources are nonrenewable and also a source of greenhouse gas emissions?\nG. hydroelectric dams\nX. wind turbines\nH. solar cells\nS. fossil fuels\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3770}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2001_8_19", "question": "Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?", "choices": {"text": ["propulsion", "suspension", "control", "structure"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?\nA. propulsion\nB. suspension\nC. control\nD. structure\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?", "choices": {"text": ["suspension", "control", "structure", "propulsion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?\nA. suspension\nB. control\nC. structure\nD. propulsion\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?", "choices": {"text": ["propulsion", "suspension", "control", "structure"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?\n1. propulsion\n2. suspension\n3. control\n4. structure\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?", "choices": {"text": ["propulsion", "suspension", "control", "structure"], "label": ["I", "S", "N", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?\nI. propulsion\nS. suspension\nN. control\nC. structure\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?", "choices": {"text": ["suspension", "control", "structure", "propulsion"], "label": ["I", "S", "N", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. In solid fuel rockets, a fuel mixture is burned and once the mixture starts burning it cannot be stopped. In liquid fuel rockets, there is a tank of fuel and a tank of oxygen. The burning of the fuel can be stopped by preventing the flow of fuel and oxygen into the combustion chamber. Based on this information, which system is more highly developed in liquid fuel rockets than in solid fuel rockets?\nI. suspension\nS. control\nN. structure\nC. propulsion\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3771}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402117", "question": "Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?", "choices": {"text": ["electric car", "digital camera", "high-speed Internet", "battery-powered radio"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?\nA. electric car\nB. digital camera\nC. high-speed Internet\nD. battery-powered radio\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?", "choices": {"text": ["battery-powered radio", "digital camera", "electric car", "high-speed Internet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?\nA. battery-powered radio\nB. digital camera\nC. electric car\nD. high-speed Internet\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?", "choices": {"text": ["electric car", "digital camera", "high-speed Internet", "battery-powered radio"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?\n1. electric car\n2. digital camera\n3. high-speed Internet\n4. battery-powered radio\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?", "choices": {"text": ["electric car", "digital camera", "high-speed Internet", "battery-powered radio"], "label": ["V", "O", "N", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?\nV. electric car\nO. digital camera\nN. high-speed Internet\nC. battery-powered radio\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?", "choices": {"text": ["battery-powered radio", "digital camera", "electric car", "high-speed Internet"], "label": ["V", "O", "N", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some research has shown that the burning of fossil fuels contributes to an effect called global warming, which scientists believe is changing the chemical makeup of Earth's atmosphere. Use of which invention would help lower this effect?\nV. battery-powered radio\nO. digital camera\nN. electric car\nC. high-speed Internet\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3772}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_8_pg29", "question": "Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?", "choices": {"text": ["rice", "dates", "carrots", "chicken"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?\nA. rice\nB. dates\nC. carrots\nD. chicken\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?", "choices": {"text": ["chicken", "dates", "carrots", "rice"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?\nA. chicken\nB. dates\nC. carrots\nD. rice\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?", "choices": {"text": ["rice", "dates", "carrots", "chicken"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?\n1. rice\n2. dates\n3. carrots\n4. chicken\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?", "choices": {"text": ["rice", "dates", "carrots", "chicken"], "label": ["L", "T", "Y", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?\nL. rice\nT. dates\nY. carrots\nO. chicken\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?", "choices": {"text": ["chicken", "dates", "carrots", "rice"], "label": ["L", "T", "Y", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which food contains the highest percentage of protein?\nL. chicken\nT. dates\nY. carrots\nO. rice\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3773}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401126", "question": "When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to", "choices": {"text": ["turn out the lights to see better.", "smell the product that is being burned.", "work near the sink to put out possible fires.", "wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to\nA. turn out the lights to see better.\nB. smell the product that is being burned.\nC. work near the sink to put out possible fires.\nD. wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to", "choices": {"text": ["smell the product that is being burned.", "wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear.", "turn out the lights to see better.", "work near the sink to put out possible fires."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to\nA. smell the product that is being burned.\nB. wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear.\nC. turn out the lights to see better.\nD. work near the sink to put out possible fires.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to", "choices": {"text": ["turn out the lights to see better.", "smell the product that is being burned.", "work near the sink to put out possible fires.", "wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to\n1. turn out the lights to see better.\n2. smell the product that is being burned.\n3. work near the sink to put out possible fires.\n4. wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to", "choices": {"text": ["turn out the lights to see better.", "smell the product that is being burned.", "work near the sink to put out possible fires.", "wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear."], "label": ["Q", "Y", "W", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to\nQ. turn out the lights to see better.\nY. smell the product that is being burned.\nW. work near the sink to put out possible fires.\nS. wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to", "choices": {"text": ["smell the product that is being burned.", "wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear.", "turn out the lights to see better.", "work near the sink to put out possible fires."], "label": ["Q", "Y", "W", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: When conducting an investigation involving an open flame, it is most important to\nQ. smell the product that is being burned.\nY. wear appropriate protective clothing and eyewear.\nW. turn out the lights to see better.\nS. work near the sink to put out possible fires.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3774}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7267488", "question": "In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?", "choices": {"text": ["floods", "blizzards", "hailstorms", "avalanches"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?\nA. floods\nB. blizzards\nC. hailstorms\nD. avalanches\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?", "choices": {"text": ["blizzards", "avalanches", "floods", "hailstorms"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?\nA. blizzards\nB. avalanches\nC. floods\nD. hailstorms\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?", "choices": {"text": ["floods", "blizzards", "hailstorms", "avalanches"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?\n1. floods\n2. blizzards\n3. hailstorms\n4. avalanches\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?", "choices": {"text": ["floods", "blizzards", "hailstorms", "avalanches"], "label": ["D", "I", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?\nD. floods\nI. blizzards\nB. hailstorms\nT. avalanches\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?", "choices": {"text": ["blizzards", "avalanches", "floods", "hailstorms"], "label": ["D", "I", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: In ecosystems where people live, which of the following are most likely to cause an increase in diseases transmitted by water?\nD. blizzards\nI. avalanches\nB. floods\nT. hailstorms\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3775}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2010_8_29", "question": "Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?", "choices": {"text": ["Both ants and aphids benefit.", "Both ants and aphids are unaffected.", "The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.", "The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?\nA. Both ants and aphids benefit.\nB. Both ants and aphids are unaffected.\nC. The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.\nD. The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?", "choices": {"text": ["The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected.", "The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.", "Both ants and aphids benefit.", "Both ants and aphids are unaffected."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?\nA. The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected.\nB. The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.\nC. Both ants and aphids benefit.\nD. Both ants and aphids are unaffected.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?", "choices": {"text": ["Both ants and aphids benefit.", "Both ants and aphids are unaffected.", "The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.", "The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?\n1. Both ants and aphids benefit.\n2. Both ants and aphids are unaffected.\n3. The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.\n4. The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?", "choices": {"text": ["Both ants and aphids benefit.", "Both ants and aphids are unaffected.", "The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.", "The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected."], "label": ["U", "I", "O", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?\nU. Both ants and aphids benefit.\nI. Both ants and aphids are unaffected.\nO. The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.\nX. The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?", "choices": {"text": ["The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected.", "The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.", "Both ants and aphids benefit.", "Both ants and aphids are unaffected."], "label": ["U", "I", "O", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Aphids are small insects that sometimes live near ants. The ants protect the aphids from predators. The aphids produce a sweet substance that the ants eat. Which statement describes the relationship between ants and aphids?\nU. The aphids benefit and the ants are unaffected.\nI. The ants benefit and the aphids are harmed.\nO. Both ants and aphids benefit.\nX. Both ants and aphids are unaffected.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3776}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7132370", "question": "Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?", "choices": {"text": ["earthworms making tunnels under the surface", "cattle making depressions with their hooves", "horses making trenches when they gallop", "sheep pulling up plants by their roots"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?\nA. earthworms making tunnels under the surface\nB. cattle making depressions with their hooves\nC. horses making trenches when they gallop\nD. sheep pulling up plants by their roots\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?", "choices": {"text": ["horses making trenches when they gallop", "sheep pulling up plants by their roots", "cattle making depressions with their hooves", "earthworms making tunnels under the surface"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?\nA. horses making trenches when they gallop\nB. sheep pulling up plants by their roots\nC. cattle making depressions with their hooves\nD. earthworms making tunnels under the surface\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?", "choices": {"text": ["earthworms making tunnels under the surface", "cattle making depressions with their hooves", "horses making trenches when they gallop", "sheep pulling up plants by their roots"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?\n1. earthworms making tunnels under the surface\n2. cattle making depressions with their hooves\n3. horses making trenches when they gallop\n4. sheep pulling up plants by their roots\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?", "choices": {"text": ["earthworms making tunnels under the surface", "cattle making depressions with their hooves", "horses making trenches when they gallop", "sheep pulling up plants by their roots"], "label": ["K", "X", "S", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?\nK. earthworms making tunnels under the surface\nX. cattle making depressions with their hooves\nS. horses making trenches when they gallop\nJ. sheep pulling up plants by their roots\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?", "choices": {"text": ["horses making trenches when they gallop", "sheep pulling up plants by their roots", "cattle making depressions with their hooves", "earthworms making tunnels under the surface"], "label": ["K", "X", "S", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soil will pack down over time which decreases the ability of the soil to hold water. Which animals would best help the soil hold water?\nK. horses making trenches when they gallop\nX. sheep pulling up plants by their roots\nS. cattle making depressions with their hooves\nJ. earthworms making tunnels under the surface\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3777}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7162803", "question": "At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?", "choices": {"text": ["by the type of item", "by the size of the item", "by the person who located the item", "by the soil layer where the item was found"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?\nA. by the type of item\nB. by the size of the item\nC. by the person who located the item\nD. by the soil layer where the item was found\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?", "choices": {"text": ["by the type of item", "by the soil layer where the item was found", "by the size of the item", "by the person who located the item"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?\nA. by the type of item\nB. by the soil layer where the item was found\nC. by the size of the item\nD. by the person who located the item\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?", "choices": {"text": ["by the type of item", "by the size of the item", "by the person who located the item", "by the soil layer where the item was found"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?\n1. by the type of item\n2. by the size of the item\n3. by the person who located the item\n4. by the soil layer where the item was found\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?", "choices": {"text": ["by the type of item", "by the size of the item", "by the person who located the item", "by the soil layer where the item was found"], "label": ["N", "S", "R", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?\nN. by the type of item\nS. by the size of the item\nR. by the person who located the item\nU. by the soil layer where the item was found\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?", "choices": {"text": ["by the type of item", "by the soil layer where the item was found", "by the size of the item", "by the person who located the item"], "label": ["N", "S", "R", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: At an archaeological dig site, scientists, volunteers, and students collect items used by people living hundreds of years ago. To determine the history of the different people who may have lived at the site, which is the best method to classify the recovered items?\nN. by the type of item\nS. by the soil layer where the item was found\nR. by the size of the item\nU. by the person who located the item\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3778}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026530", "question": "It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["global warming", "decreased winds", "the start of an ice age", "increased desertification"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?\nA. global warming\nB. decreased winds\nC. the start of an ice age\nD. increased desertification\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["increased desertification", "global warming", "the start of an ice age", "decreased winds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?\nA. increased desertification\nB. global warming\nC. the start of an ice age\nD. decreased winds\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["global warming", "decreased winds", "the start of an ice age", "increased desertification"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?\n1. global warming\n2. decreased winds\n3. the start of an ice age\n4. increased desertification\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["global warming", "decreased winds", "the start of an ice age", "increased desertification"], "label": ["Z", "C", "M", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?\nZ. global warming\nC. decreased winds\nM. the start of an ice age\nS. increased desertification\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["increased desertification", "global warming", "the start of an ice age", "decreased winds"], "label": ["Z", "C", "M", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: It is hypothesized that in the next 200 years, the lowest land areas on Earth could be submerged beneath rising oceans. Which climate change would most likely cause this to occur?\nZ. increased desertification\nC. global warming\nM. the start of an ice age\nS. decreased winds\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3779}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2012_8_23653", "question": "Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun", "the Moon", "asteroids", "comets"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?\nA. the Sun\nB. the Moon\nC. asteroids\nD. comets\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon", "asteroids", "the Sun", "comets"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?\nA. the Moon\nB. asteroids\nC. the Sun\nD. comets\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun", "the Moon", "asteroids", "comets"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?\n1. the Sun\n2. the Moon\n3. asteroids\n4. comets\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun", "the Moon", "asteroids", "comets"], "label": ["Z", "Q", "X", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?\nZ. the Sun\nQ. the Moon\nX. asteroids\nN. comets\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["the Moon", "asteroids", "the Sun", "comets"], "label": ["Z", "Q", "X", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?\nZ. the Moon\nQ. asteroids\nX. the Sun\nN. comets\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3780}
{"arc_id": "CSZ_2009_8_CSZ30585", "question": "Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely", "choices": {"text": ["different from copper or oxygen.", "similar to both copper and oxygen.", "similar only to copper.", "similar only to oxygen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely\nA. different from copper or oxygen.\nB. similar to both copper and oxygen.\nC. similar only to copper.\nD. similar only to oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely", "choices": {"text": ["similar only to copper.", "different from copper or oxygen.", "similar only to oxygen.", "similar to both copper and oxygen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely\nA. similar only to copper.\nB. different from copper or oxygen.\nC. similar only to oxygen.\nD. similar to both copper and oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely", "choices": {"text": ["different from copper or oxygen.", "similar to both copper and oxygen.", "similar only to copper.", "similar only to oxygen."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely\n1. different from copper or oxygen.\n2. similar to both copper and oxygen.\n3. similar only to copper.\n4. similar only to oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely", "choices": {"text": ["different from copper or oxygen.", "similar to both copper and oxygen.", "similar only to copper.", "similar only to oxygen."], "label": ["Z", "V", "K", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely\nZ. different from copper or oxygen.\nV. similar to both copper and oxygen.\nK. similar only to copper.\nT. similar only to oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely", "choices": {"text": ["similar only to copper.", "different from copper or oxygen.", "similar only to oxygen.", "similar to both copper and oxygen."], "label": ["Z", "V", "K", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O) to form copper oxide (CuO). The properties of CuO are most likely\nZ. similar only to copper.\nV. different from copper or oxygen.\nK. similar only to oxygen.\nT. similar to both copper and oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3781}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_8_2014_13", "question": "Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "immune", "respiratory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?\nA. digestive\nB. excretory\nC. immune\nD. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "respiratory", "immune"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?\nA. digestive\nB. excretory\nC. respiratory\nD. immune\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "immune", "respiratory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?\n1. digestive\n2. excretory\n3. immune\n4. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "immune", "respiratory"], "label": ["E", "J", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?\nE. digestive\nJ. excretory\nI. immune\nT. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "excretory", "respiratory", "immune"], "label": ["E", "J", "I", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the body primarily by which body system?\nE. digestive\nJ. excretory\nI. respiratory\nT. immune\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3782}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416377", "question": "The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?", "choices": {"text": ["argon", "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide", "carbon monoxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?\nA. argon\nB. nitrogen\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. carbon monoxide\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen", "argon", "carbon monoxide", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?\nA. nitrogen\nB. argon\nC. carbon monoxide\nD. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?", "choices": {"text": ["argon", "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide", "carbon monoxide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?\n1. argon\n2. nitrogen\n3. carbon dioxide\n4. carbon monoxide\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?", "choices": {"text": ["argon", "nitrogen", "carbon dioxide", "carbon monoxide"], "label": ["X", "V", "D", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?\nX. argon\nV. nitrogen\nD. carbon dioxide\nP. carbon monoxide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?", "choices": {"text": ["nitrogen", "argon", "carbon monoxide", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["X", "V", "D", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ocean minimum zone, or OMZ, is an area from 200 to 600 meters below the ocean's surface. The OMZ is dark and cold, with oxygen concentrations less than 10% of concentrations in surface water. Oxygen concentrations are so low because of bacterial activity that breaks down organic material falling from surface waters. Given the conditions in the OMZ, which of these dissolved gases would you expect to find in large concentrations in this zone?\nX. nitrogen\nV. argon\nD. carbon monoxide\nP. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3783}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_407668", "question": "Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?", "choices": {"text": ["catching more than 20 fish in the same location", "catching more than 20 fish in another location", "catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon", "catching more than 20 fish the next morning"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?\nA. catching more than 20 fish in the same location\nB. catching more than 20 fish in another location\nC. catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon\nD. catching more than 20 fish the next morning\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?", "choices": {"text": ["catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon", "catching more than 20 fish the next morning", "catching more than 20 fish in the same location", "catching more than 20 fish in another location"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?\nA. catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon\nB. catching more than 20 fish the next morning\nC. catching more than 20 fish in the same location\nD. catching more than 20 fish in another location\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?", "choices": {"text": ["catching more than 20 fish in the same location", "catching more than 20 fish in another location", "catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon", "catching more than 20 fish the next morning"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?\n1. catching more than 20 fish in the same location\n2. catching more than 20 fish in another location\n3. catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon\n4. catching more than 20 fish the next morning\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?", "choices": {"text": ["catching more than 20 fish in the same location", "catching more than 20 fish in another location", "catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon", "catching more than 20 fish the next morning"], "label": ["G", "T", "S", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?\nG. catching more than 20 fish in the same location\nT. catching more than 20 fish in another location\nS. catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon\nM. catching more than 20 fish the next morning\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?", "choices": {"text": ["catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon", "catching more than 20 fish the next morning", "catching more than 20 fish in the same location", "catching more than 20 fish in another location"], "label": ["G", "T", "S", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two students went fishing one morning and caught 20 fish. The afternoon before, they caught 5 fish. Because of their morning success, they claimed that morning was the best time to fish. Which of these would most likely disprove their claim?\nG. catching more than 20 fish the next afternoon\nT. catching more than 20 fish the next morning\nS. catching more than 20 fish in the same location\nM. catching more than 20 fish in another location\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3784}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406664", "question": "Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?", "choices": {"text": ["Are dogs better pets than cats?", "How many stars are in the universe?", "In what type of light will a plant grow best?", "How many organisms have lived on Earth?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?\nA. Are dogs better pets than cats?\nB. How many stars are in the universe?\nC. In what type of light will a plant grow best?\nD. How many organisms have lived on Earth?\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?", "choices": {"text": ["How many stars are in the universe?", "In what type of light will a plant grow best?", "Are dogs better pets than cats?", "How many organisms have lived on Earth?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?\nA. How many stars are in the universe?\nB. In what type of light will a plant grow best?\nC. Are dogs better pets than cats?\nD. How many organisms have lived on Earth?\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?", "choices": {"text": ["Are dogs better pets than cats?", "How many stars are in the universe?", "In what type of light will a plant grow best?", "How many organisms have lived on Earth?"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?\n1. Are dogs better pets than cats?\n2. How many stars are in the universe?\n3. In what type of light will a plant grow best?\n4. How many organisms have lived on Earth?\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?", "choices": {"text": ["Are dogs better pets than cats?", "How many stars are in the universe?", "In what type of light will a plant grow best?", "How many organisms have lived on Earth?"], "label": ["J", "N", "X", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?\nJ. Are dogs better pets than cats?\nN. How many stars are in the universe?\nX. In what type of light will a plant grow best?\nH. How many organisms have lived on Earth?\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?", "choices": {"text": ["How many stars are in the universe?", "In what type of light will a plant grow best?", "Are dogs better pets than cats?", "How many organisms have lived on Earth?"], "label": ["J", "N", "X", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which question can be answered by scientific experimentation and observation?\nJ. How many stars are in the universe?\nN. In what type of light will a plant grow best?\nX. Are dogs better pets than cats?\nH. How many organisms have lived on Earth?\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3785}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7188510", "question": "During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions", "chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule", "electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose", "potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?\nA. kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions\nB. chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule\nC. electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose\nD. potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell", "kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions", "chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule", "electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?\nA. potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell\nB. kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions\nC. chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule\nD. electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions", "chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule", "electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose", "potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?\n1. kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions\n2. chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule\n3. electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose\n4. potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions", "chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule", "electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose", "potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell"], "label": ["D", "N", "E", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?\nD. kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions\nN. chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule\nE. electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose\nH. potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell", "kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions", "chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule", "electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose"], "label": ["D", "N", "E", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: During cellular respiration glucose molecules undergo a series of reactions. This process results in the formation of up to 38 molecules of high-energy ATP per each molecule of glucose. Which is the source of the energy stored in these ATP molecules?\nD. potential energy from the difference in the concentration gradients of the cell\nN. kinetic energy generated by the chemical reactions\nE. chemical energy originally stored in the glucose molecule\nH. electric current created during the destruction of electrons in the glucose\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3786}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7146178", "question": "Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["conclusion", "hypothesis", "control group", "experimental group"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?\nA. conclusion\nB. hypothesis\nC. control group\nD. experimental group\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["conclusion", "control group", "hypothesis", "experimental group"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?\nA. conclusion\nB. control group\nC. hypothesis\nD. experimental group\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["conclusion", "hypothesis", "control group", "experimental group"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?\n1. conclusion\n2. hypothesis\n3. control group\n4. experimental group\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["conclusion", "hypothesis", "control group", "experimental group"], "label": ["Z", "O", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?\nZ. conclusion\nO. hypothesis\nV. control group\nB. experimental group\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["conclusion", "control group", "hypothesis", "experimental group"], "label": ["Z", "O", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Lea is investigating how phosphates affect oxygen levels in pond water. For part of the investigation, she uses pond water that contains no phosphates. The pond water without phosphates would be what part of the investigation?\nZ. conclusion\nO. control group\nV. hypothesis\nB. experimental group\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3787}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_16", "question": "Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "hand lens", "graduated cylinder", "magnet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?\nA. thermometer\nB. hand lens\nC. graduated cylinder\nD. magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "magnet", "graduated cylinder", "hand lens"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?\nA. thermometer\nB. magnet\nC. graduated cylinder\nD. hand lens\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "hand lens", "graduated cylinder", "magnet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?\n1. thermometer\n2. hand lens\n3. graduated cylinder\n4. magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "hand lens", "graduated cylinder", "magnet"], "label": ["Z", "F", "E", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?\nZ. thermometer\nF. hand lens\nE. graduated cylinder\nS. magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "magnet", "graduated cylinder", "hand lens"], "label": ["Z", "F", "E", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool should a student use to examine spots on a frog?\nZ. thermometer\nF. magnet\nE. graduated cylinder\nS. hand lens\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3788}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408740", "question": "A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?", "choices": {"text": ["control", "data", "hypothesis", "variable"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?\nA. control\nB. data\nC. hypothesis\nD. variable\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?", "choices": {"text": ["data", "control", "variable", "hypothesis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?\nA. data\nB. control\nC. variable\nD. hypothesis\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?", "choices": {"text": ["control", "data", "hypothesis", "variable"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?\n1. control\n2. data\n3. hypothesis\n4. variable\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?", "choices": {"text": ["control", "data", "hypothesis", "variable"], "label": ["F", "E", "I", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?\nF. control\nE. data\nI. hypothesis\nB. variable\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?", "choices": {"text": ["data", "control", "variable", "hypothesis"], "label": ["F", "E", "I", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of scientists is studying the effect of cell phone signals on honeybees. Before starting the investigation, the scientists stated that the bees exposed to cell phone signals will have difficulty finding their way back to the hive. Which term best describes the statement made by the group of scientists?\nF. data\nE. control\nI. variable\nB. hypothesis\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3789}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401811", "question": "Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?", "choices": {"text": ["skeletal system", "excretory system", "digestive system", "circulatory system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?\nA. skeletal system\nB. excretory system\nC. digestive system\nD. circulatory system\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?", "choices": {"text": ["skeletal system", "excretory system", "circulatory system", "digestive system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?\nA. skeletal system\nB. excretory system\nC. circulatory system\nD. digestive system\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?", "choices": {"text": ["skeletal system", "excretory system", "digestive system", "circulatory system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?\n1. skeletal system\n2. excretory system\n3. digestive system\n4. circulatory system\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?", "choices": {"text": ["skeletal system", "excretory system", "digestive system", "circulatory system"], "label": ["E", "R", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?\nE. skeletal system\nR. excretory system\nP. digestive system\nT. circulatory system\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?", "choices": {"text": ["skeletal system", "excretory system", "circulatory system", "digestive system"], "label": ["E", "R", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which system is most responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?\nE. skeletal system\nR. excretory system\nP. circulatory system\nT. digestive system\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3790}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1999_8_23", "question": "Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?", "choices": {"text": ["Animals adapt to new environments.", "New species develop from survivors.", "There is variation among individuals within a species.", "Insecticides may cause genetic mutations."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?\nA. Animals adapt to new environments.\nB. New species develop from survivors.\nC. There is variation among individuals within a species.\nD. Insecticides may cause genetic mutations.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?", "choices": {"text": ["Animals adapt to new environments.", "There is variation among individuals within a species.", "New species develop from survivors.", "Insecticides may cause genetic mutations."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?\nA. Animals adapt to new environments.\nB. There is variation among individuals within a species.\nC. New species develop from survivors.\nD. Insecticides may cause genetic mutations.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?", "choices": {"text": ["Animals adapt to new environments.", "New species develop from survivors.", "There is variation among individuals within a species.", "Insecticides may cause genetic mutations."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?\n1. Animals adapt to new environments.\n2. New species develop from survivors.\n3. There is variation among individuals within a species.\n4. Insecticides may cause genetic mutations.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?", "choices": {"text": ["Animals adapt to new environments.", "New species develop from survivors.", "There is variation among individuals within a species.", "Insecticides may cause genetic mutations."], "label": ["W", "T", "C", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?\nW. Animals adapt to new environments.\nT. New species develop from survivors.\nC. There is variation among individuals within a species.\nB. Insecticides may cause genetic mutations.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?", "choices": {"text": ["Animals adapt to new environments.", "There is variation among individuals within a species.", "New species develop from survivors.", "Insecticides may cause genetic mutations."], "label": ["W", "T", "C", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Five hundred flies of one species were sprayed with a new insecticide. Twenty-four hours later, nearly all the flies were dead. However, a few survived. Which principle best explains why some flies survived?\nW. Animals adapt to new environments.\nT. There is variation among individuals within a species.\nC. New species develop from survivors.\nB. Insecticides may cause genetic mutations.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3791}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7124268", "question": "A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?", "choices": {"text": ["to do the investigation at the same time of year", "to use the same chart for recording growth", "to do the investigation in the same room", "to use the same colors of lights"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?\nA. to do the investigation at the same time of year\nB. to use the same chart for recording growth\nC. to do the investigation in the same room\nD. to use the same colors of lights\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?", "choices": {"text": ["to use the same chart for recording growth", "to use the same colors of lights", "to do the investigation at the same time of year", "to do the investigation in the same room"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?\nA. to use the same chart for recording growth\nB. to use the same colors of lights\nC. to do the investigation at the same time of year\nD. to do the investigation in the same room\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?", "choices": {"text": ["to do the investigation at the same time of year", "to use the same chart for recording growth", "to do the investigation in the same room", "to use the same colors of lights"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?\n1. to do the investigation at the same time of year\n2. to use the same chart for recording growth\n3. to do the investigation in the same room\n4. to use the same colors of lights\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?", "choices": {"text": ["to do the investigation at the same time of year", "to use the same chart for recording growth", "to do the investigation in the same room", "to use the same colors of lights"], "label": ["T", "B", "L", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?\nT. to do the investigation at the same time of year\nB. to use the same chart for recording growth\nL. to do the investigation in the same room\nG. to use the same colors of lights\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?", "choices": {"text": ["to use the same chart for recording growth", "to use the same colors of lights", "to do the investigation at the same time of year", "to do the investigation in the same room"], "label": ["T", "B", "L", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student investigated the effect of the color of light on the growth of plants. Red, yellow, and green lights were used in the experiment. If another student were to conduct the same experiment, which would be the most important procedure to follow to yield the same results?\nT. to use the same chart for recording growth\nB. to use the same colors of lights\nL. to do the investigation at the same time of year\nG. to do the investigation in the same room\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3792}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400663", "question": "A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["thick fur", "sharp claws", "large ears", "strong muscles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?\nA. thick fur\nB. sharp claws\nC. large ears\nD. strong muscles\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["large ears", "thick fur", "sharp claws", "strong muscles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?\nA. large ears\nB. thick fur\nC. sharp claws\nD. strong muscles\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["thick fur", "sharp claws", "large ears", "strong muscles"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?\n1. thick fur\n2. sharp claws\n3. large ears\n4. strong muscles\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["thick fur", "sharp claws", "large ears", "strong muscles"], "label": ["O", "Q", "I", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?\nO. thick fur\nQ. sharp claws\nI. large ears\nY. strong muscles\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["large ears", "thick fur", "sharp claws", "strong muscles"], "label": ["O", "Q", "I", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large mammal lives in a cold, snowy environment. Which adaptation would best help the mammal survive in low temperatures?\nO. large ears\nQ. thick fur\nI. sharp claws\nY. strong muscles\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3793}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7207078", "question": "The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["solar radiation reflected from the Moon", "many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire", "the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere", "plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?\nA. solar radiation reflected from the Moon\nB. many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire\nC. the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere\nD. plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["solar radiation reflected from the Moon", "the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere", "plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters", "many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?\nA. solar radiation reflected from the Moon\nB. the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere\nC. plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters\nD. many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["solar radiation reflected from the Moon", "many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire", "the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere", "plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?\n1. solar radiation reflected from the Moon\n2. many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire\n3. the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere\n4. plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["solar radiation reflected from the Moon", "many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire", "the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere", "plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters"], "label": ["P", "Z", "H", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?\nP. solar radiation reflected from the Moon\nZ. many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire\nH. the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere\nD. plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["solar radiation reflected from the Moon", "the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere", "plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters", "many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire"], "label": ["P", "Z", "H", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The temperatures in space vary from extremely cold to extremely hot. Earth's surface temperature is relatively stable. Which of these is most responsible for Earth's surface temperatures?\nP. solar radiation reflected from the Moon\nZ. the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere\nH. plankton distribution in shallow ocean waters\nD. many volcanic eruptions near the Ring of Fire\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3794}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2003_8_10", "question": "Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms", "cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms", "tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms", "tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?\nA. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms\nB. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms\nC. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms\nD. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms", "cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms", "tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms", "tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?\nA. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms\nB. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms\nC. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms\nD. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms", "cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms", "tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms", "tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?\n1. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms\n2. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms\n3. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms\n4. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms", "cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms", "tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms", "tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms"], "label": ["F", "W", "Z", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?\nF. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms\nW. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms\nZ. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms\nH. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms", "cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms", "tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms", "tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms"], "label": ["F", "W", "Z", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?\nF. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms\nW. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms\nZ. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms\nH. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3795}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416136", "question": "The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?", "choices": {"text": ["moth", "butterfly", "wasp", "fly"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?\nA. moth\nB. butterfly\nC. wasp\nD. fly\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?", "choices": {"text": ["fly", "moth", "wasp", "butterfly"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?\nA. fly\nB. moth\nC. wasp\nD. butterfly\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?", "choices": {"text": ["moth", "butterfly", "wasp", "fly"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?\n1. moth\n2. butterfly\n3. wasp\n4. fly\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?", "choices": {"text": ["moth", "butterfly", "wasp", "fly"], "label": ["U", "K", "B", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?\nU. moth\nK. butterfly\nB. wasp\nL. fly\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?", "choices": {"text": ["fly", "moth", "wasp", "butterfly"], "label": ["U", "K", "B", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: The carrion flower smells like rotting meat. What kind of pollinator is most likely attracted to the carrion flower?\nU. fly\nK. moth\nB. wasp\nL. butterfly\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3796}
{"arc_id": "NAEP_2000_8_S11+5", "question": "Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?", "choices": {"text": ["At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.", "At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.", "If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.", "If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?\nA. At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.\nB. At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.\nC. If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.\nD. If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?", "choices": {"text": ["If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.", "At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.", "At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.", "If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?\nA. If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.\nB. At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.\nC. At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.\nD. If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?", "choices": {"text": ["At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.", "At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.", "If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.", "If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?\n1. At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.\n2. At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.\n3. If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.\n4. If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?", "choices": {"text": ["At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.", "At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.", "If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.", "If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane."], "label": ["A", "M", "N", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?\nA. At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.\nM. At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.\nN. If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.\nW. If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?", "choices": {"text": ["If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.", "At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.", "At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.", "If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane."], "label": ["A", "M", "N", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best explains why the pressure inside a high-flying airplane must be controlled?\nA. If the cabin is not pressurized, ozone and other upper atmospheric gases will enter the airplane.\nM. At high altitudes there is greater atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.\nN. At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure than on the surface of the Earth.\nW. If the cabin is not pressurized, carbon dioxide will escape from the airplane.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3797}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400376", "question": "Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?", "choices": {"text": ["salt and water", "wind and tides", "heat and moisture", "waves and flooding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?\nA. salt and water\nB. wind and tides\nC. heat and moisture\nD. waves and flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?", "choices": {"text": ["heat and moisture", "salt and water", "wind and tides", "waves and flooding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?\nA. heat and moisture\nB. salt and water\nC. wind and tides\nD. waves and flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?", "choices": {"text": ["salt and water", "wind and tides", "heat and moisture", "waves and flooding"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?\n1. salt and water\n2. wind and tides\n3. heat and moisture\n4. waves and flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?", "choices": {"text": ["salt and water", "wind and tides", "heat and moisture", "waves and flooding"], "label": ["I", "D", "F", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?\nI. salt and water\nD. wind and tides\nF. heat and moisture\nL. waves and flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?", "choices": {"text": ["heat and moisture", "salt and water", "wind and tides", "waves and flooding"], "label": ["I", "D", "F", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form as they travel over warm ocean waters. What do oceans add to make hurricanes so strong?\nI. heat and moisture\nD. salt and water\nF. wind and tides\nL. waves and flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3798}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_19", "question": "Abnormal cell division may result in", "choices": {"text": ["disease prevention", "tissue repair", "metamorphosis", "cancer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Abnormal cell division may result in\nA. disease prevention\nB. tissue repair\nC. metamorphosis\nD. cancer\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Abnormal cell division may result in", "choices": {"text": ["disease prevention", "tissue repair", "cancer", "metamorphosis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Abnormal cell division may result in\nA. disease prevention\nB. tissue repair\nC. cancer\nD. metamorphosis\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Abnormal cell division may result in", "choices": {"text": ["disease prevention", "tissue repair", "metamorphosis", "cancer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Abnormal cell division may result in\n1. disease prevention\n2. tissue repair\n3. metamorphosis\n4. cancer\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Abnormal cell division may result in", "choices": {"text": ["disease prevention", "tissue repair", "metamorphosis", "cancer"], "label": ["A", "V", "I", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Abnormal cell division may result in\nA. disease prevention\nV. tissue repair\nI. metamorphosis\nF. cancer\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Abnormal cell division may result in", "choices": {"text": ["disease prevention", "tissue repair", "cancer", "metamorphosis"], "label": ["A", "V", "I", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Abnormal cell division may result in\nA. disease prevention\nV. tissue repair\nI. cancer\nF. metamorphosis\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3799}
{"arc_id": "LEAP__7_10345", "question": "What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.", "Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.", "Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.", "Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?\nA. Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.\nB. Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.\nC. Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.\nD. Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.", "Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.", "Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.", "Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?\nA. Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.\nB. Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.\nC. Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.\nD. Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.", "Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.", "Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.", "Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?\n1. Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.\n2. Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.\n3. Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.\n4. Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.", "Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.", "Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.", "Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses."], "label": ["D", "O", "U", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?\nD. Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.\nO. Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.\nU. Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.\nI. Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.", "Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.", "Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.", "Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses."], "label": ["D", "O", "U", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?\nD. Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.\nO. Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.\nU. Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.\nI. Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3800}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7161473", "question": "The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth is tilted on the axis.", "The Moon rises and sets.", "The Moon orbits Earth.", "Earth orbits the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?\nA. Earth is tilted on the axis.\nB. The Moon rises and sets.\nC. The Moon orbits Earth.\nD. Earth orbits the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon orbits Earth.", "Earth orbits the Sun.", "Earth is tilted on the axis.", "The Moon rises and sets."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?\nA. The Moon orbits Earth.\nB. Earth orbits the Sun.\nC. Earth is tilted on the axis.\nD. The Moon rises and sets.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth is tilted on the axis.", "The Moon rises and sets.", "The Moon orbits Earth.", "Earth orbits the Sun."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?\n1. Earth is tilted on the axis.\n2. The Moon rises and sets.\n3. The Moon orbits Earth.\n4. Earth orbits the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth is tilted on the axis.", "The Moon rises and sets.", "The Moon orbits Earth.", "Earth orbits the Sun."], "label": ["E", "O", "K", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?\nE. Earth is tilted on the axis.\nO. The Moon rises and sets.\nK. The Moon orbits Earth.\nZ. Earth orbits the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon orbits Earth.", "Earth orbits the Sun.", "Earth is tilted on the axis.", "The Moon rises and sets."], "label": ["E", "O", "K", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The phases of the Moon are daily changes in the appearance of the Moon. One reason Moon phases occur is because the Moon reflects sunlight. Which is another reason that the phases of the Moon occur?\nE. The Moon orbits Earth.\nO. Earth orbits the Sun.\nK. Earth is tilted on the axis.\nZ. The Moon rises and sets.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3801}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_9_42", "question": "Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?", "choices": {"text": ["light", "smoke", "sound", "water vapor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?\nA. light\nB. smoke\nC. sound\nD. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?", "choices": {"text": ["water vapor", "sound", "smoke", "light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?\nA. water vapor\nB. sound\nC. smoke\nD. light\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?", "choices": {"text": ["light", "smoke", "sound", "water vapor"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?\n1. light\n2. smoke\n3. sound\n4. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?", "choices": {"text": ["light", "smoke", "sound", "water vapor"], "label": ["P", "L", "W", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?\nP. light\nL. smoke\nW. sound\nC. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?", "choices": {"text": ["water vapor", "sound", "smoke", "light"], "label": ["P", "L", "W", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some campers are sitting around a campfire outside their tent. Which product of the fire is in the form of electromagnetic waves?\nP. water vapor\nL. sound\nW. smoke\nC. light\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3802}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_410467", "question": "Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?", "choices": {"text": ["momentum", "power", "pressure", "work"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?\nA. momentum\nB. power\nC. pressure\nD. work\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?", "choices": {"text": ["work", "pressure", "momentum", "power"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?\nA. work\nB. pressure\nC. momentum\nD. power\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?", "choices": {"text": ["momentum", "power", "pressure", "work"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?\n1. momentum\n2. power\n3. pressure\n4. work\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?", "choices": {"text": ["momentum", "power", "pressure", "work"], "label": ["P", "T", "C", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?\nP. momentum\nT. power\nC. pressure\nU. work\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?", "choices": {"text": ["work", "pressure", "momentum", "power"], "label": ["P", "T", "C", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jon had a flat tire on his car. He used a hydraulic jack to lift the car up so that he could change the tire. If Jon knows the amount of force used to lift the car 0.25 meter off of the ground, what is he able to calculate?\nP. work\nT. pressure\nC. momentum\nU. power\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3803}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416161", "question": "Which organ is made mostly of muscle?", "choices": {"text": ["heart", "lung", "ear", "brain"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organ is made mostly of muscle?\nA. heart\nB. lung\nC. ear\nD. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organ is made mostly of muscle?", "choices": {"text": ["ear", "heart", "lung", "brain"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organ is made mostly of muscle?\nA. ear\nB. heart\nC. lung\nD. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organ is made mostly of muscle?", "choices": {"text": ["heart", "lung", "ear", "brain"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organ is made mostly of muscle?\n1. heart\n2. lung\n3. ear\n4. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organ is made mostly of muscle?", "choices": {"text": ["heart", "lung", "ear", "brain"], "label": ["V", "I", "B", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organ is made mostly of muscle?\nV. heart\nI. lung\nB. ear\nG. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organ is made mostly of muscle?", "choices": {"text": ["ear", "heart", "lung", "brain"], "label": ["V", "I", "B", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organ is made mostly of muscle?\nV. ear\nI. heart\nB. lung\nG. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3804}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_404614", "question": "Which is considered a property of soil?", "choices": {"text": ["streak", "fracture", "texture", "luster"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is considered a property of soil?\nA. streak\nB. fracture\nC. texture\nD. luster\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is considered a property of soil?", "choices": {"text": ["texture", "fracture", "luster", "streak"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is considered a property of soil?\nA. texture\nB. fracture\nC. luster\nD. streak\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is considered a property of soil?", "choices": {"text": ["streak", "fracture", "texture", "luster"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is considered a property of soil?\n1. streak\n2. fracture\n3. texture\n4. luster\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is considered a property of soil?", "choices": {"text": ["streak", "fracture", "texture", "luster"], "label": ["N", "E", "P", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is considered a property of soil?\nN. streak\nE. fracture\nP. texture\nO. luster\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is considered a property of soil?", "choices": {"text": ["texture", "fracture", "luster", "streak"], "label": ["N", "E", "P", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is considered a property of soil?\nN. texture\nE. fracture\nP. luster\nO. streak\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3805}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7220833", "question": "Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?", "choices": {"text": ["tidal forces", "wind erosion", "plate tectonics", "global warming"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?\nA. tidal forces\nB. wind erosion\nC. plate tectonics\nD. global warming\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?", "choices": {"text": ["global warming", "plate tectonics", "tidal forces", "wind erosion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?\nA. global warming\nB. plate tectonics\nC. tidal forces\nD. wind erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?", "choices": {"text": ["tidal forces", "wind erosion", "plate tectonics", "global warming"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?\n1. tidal forces\n2. wind erosion\n3. plate tectonics\n4. global warming\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?", "choices": {"text": ["tidal forces", "wind erosion", "plate tectonics", "global warming"], "label": ["B", "X", "U", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?\nB. tidal forces\nX. wind erosion\nU. plate tectonics\nQ. global warming\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?", "choices": {"text": ["global warming", "plate tectonics", "tidal forces", "wind erosion"], "label": ["B", "X", "U", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these had the greatest impact on the current shape of Nevada's basin and range landscape?\nB. global warming\nX. plate tectonics\nU. tidal forces\nQ. wind erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3806}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_9_19-v1", "question": "Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?", "choices": {"text": ["They insulate against cold air.", "They optimize solar heating.", "They reduce radiant cooling.", "They act as a windbreak."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?\nA. They insulate against cold air.\nB. They optimize solar heating.\nC. They reduce radiant cooling.\nD. They act as a windbreak.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?", "choices": {"text": ["They optimize solar heating.", "They act as a windbreak.", "They insulate against cold air.", "They reduce radiant cooling."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?\nA. They optimize solar heating.\nB. They act as a windbreak.\nC. They insulate against cold air.\nD. They reduce radiant cooling.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?", "choices": {"text": ["They insulate against cold air.", "They optimize solar heating.", "They reduce radiant cooling.", "They act as a windbreak."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?\n1. They insulate against cold air.\n2. They optimize solar heating.\n3. They reduce radiant cooling.\n4. They act as a windbreak.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?", "choices": {"text": ["They insulate against cold air.", "They optimize solar heating.", "They reduce radiant cooling.", "They act as a windbreak."], "label": ["N", "R", "Z", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?\nN. They insulate against cold air.\nR. They optimize solar heating.\nZ. They reduce radiant cooling.\nP. They act as a windbreak.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?", "choices": {"text": ["They optimize solar heating.", "They act as a windbreak.", "They insulate against cold air.", "They reduce radiant cooling."], "label": ["N", "R", "Z", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the primary way that evergreen trees planted on the north and west sides of residences in Massachusetts help reduce winter heating costs?\nN. They optimize solar heating.\nR. They act as a windbreak.\nZ. They insulate against cold air.\nP. They reduce radiant cooling.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3807}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407376", "question": "Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as", "choices": {"text": ["a compound.", "an element.", "a mixture.", "a molecule."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as\nA. a compound.\nB. an element.\nC. a mixture.\nD. a molecule.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as", "choices": {"text": ["a mixture.", "an element.", "a compound.", "a molecule."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as\nA. a mixture.\nB. an element.\nC. a compound.\nD. a molecule.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as", "choices": {"text": ["a compound.", "an element.", "a mixture.", "a molecule."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as\n1. a compound.\n2. an element.\n3. a mixture.\n4. a molecule.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as", "choices": {"text": ["a compound.", "an element.", "a mixture.", "a molecule."], "label": ["C", "H", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as\nC. a compound.\nH. an element.\nV. a mixture.\nB. a molecule.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as", "choices": {"text": ["a mixture.", "an element.", "a compound.", "a molecule."], "label": ["C", "H", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Air is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. Based on that information, air can be described as\nC. a mixture.\nH. an element.\nV. a compound.\nB. a molecule.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3808}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2008_5_5", "question": "Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["Weigh the mineral", "Dip the mineral in acid", "Heat the mineral until it melts", "Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?\nA. Weigh the mineral\nB. Dip the mineral in acid\nC. Heat the mineral until it melts\nD. Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["Dip the mineral in acid", "Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile", "Heat the mineral until it melts", "Weigh the mineral"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?\nA. Dip the mineral in acid\nB. Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile\nC. Heat the mineral until it melts\nD. Weigh the mineral\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["Weigh the mineral", "Dip the mineral in acid", "Heat the mineral until it melts", "Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?\n1. Weigh the mineral\n2. Dip the mineral in acid\n3. Heat the mineral until it melts\n4. Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["Weigh the mineral", "Dip the mineral in acid", "Heat the mineral until it melts", "Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile"], "label": ["E", "N", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?\nE. Weigh the mineral\nN. Dip the mineral in acid\nS. Heat the mineral until it melts\nC. Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["Dip the mineral in acid", "Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile", "Heat the mineral until it melts", "Weigh the mineral"], "label": ["E", "N", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action should be taken in order to identify the streak of a mineral during an investigation?\nE. Dip the mineral in acid\nN. Drag an edge of the mineral across a tile\nS. Heat the mineral until it melts\nC. Weigh the mineral\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3809}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7220010", "question": "In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?", "choices": {"text": ["extreme thirst and weight loss", "intense aches and spasms", "severe loss of hearing and vision", "excessive loss of coordination and memory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?\nA. extreme thirst and weight loss\nB. intense aches and spasms\nC. severe loss of hearing and vision\nD. excessive loss of coordination and memory\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?", "choices": {"text": ["excessive loss of coordination and memory", "intense aches and spasms", "extreme thirst and weight loss", "severe loss of hearing and vision"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?\nA. excessive loss of coordination and memory\nB. intense aches and spasms\nC. extreme thirst and weight loss\nD. severe loss of hearing and vision\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?", "choices": {"text": ["extreme thirst and weight loss", "intense aches and spasms", "severe loss of hearing and vision", "excessive loss of coordination and memory"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?\n1. extreme thirst and weight loss\n2. intense aches and spasms\n3. severe loss of hearing and vision\n4. excessive loss of coordination and memory\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?", "choices": {"text": ["extreme thirst and weight loss", "intense aches and spasms", "severe loss of hearing and vision", "excessive loss of coordination and memory"], "label": ["C", "K", "U", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?\nC. extreme thirst and weight loss\nK. intense aches and spasms\nU. severe loss of hearing and vision\nB. excessive loss of coordination and memory\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?", "choices": {"text": ["excessive loss of coordination and memory", "intense aches and spasms", "extreme thirst and weight loss", "severe loss of hearing and vision"], "label": ["C", "K", "U", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Without insulin, people that have Type 1 diabetes are unable to regulate blood glucose levels. What two symptoms are most likely associated with Type 1 diabetes?\nC. excessive loss of coordination and memory\nK. intense aches and spasms\nU. extreme thirst and weight loss\nB. severe loss of hearing and vision\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3810}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7041878", "question": "When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "current", "wave motion", "magnetic force"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?\nA. heat\nB. current\nC. wave motion\nD. magnetic force\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?", "choices": {"text": ["current", "wave motion", "heat", "magnetic force"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?\nA. current\nB. wave motion\nC. heat\nD. magnetic force\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "current", "wave motion", "magnetic force"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?\n1. heat\n2. current\n3. wave motion\n4. magnetic force\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "current", "wave motion", "magnetic force"], "label": ["F", "E", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?\nF. heat\nE. current\nK. wave motion\nO. magnetic force\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?", "choices": {"text": ["current", "wave motion", "heat", "magnetic force"], "label": ["F", "E", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the cardboard cone of a radio speaker vibrates, it produces a sound in the air around it. The cone produces this sound by transferring which of the following to the air around it?\nF. current\nE. wave motion\nK. heat\nO. magnetic force\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3811}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_LBS10126", "question": "During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?", "choices": {"text": ["The gas is more dense than the air.", "The gas is more visible than the air.", "The gas smells different from the air.", "The gas evaporates faster than the air."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?\nA. The gas is more dense than the air.\nB. The gas is more visible than the air.\nC. The gas smells different from the air.\nD. The gas evaporates faster than the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?", "choices": {"text": ["The gas is more visible than the air.", "The gas is more dense than the air.", "The gas smells different from the air.", "The gas evaporates faster than the air."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?\nA. The gas is more visible than the air.\nB. The gas is more dense than the air.\nC. The gas smells different from the air.\nD. The gas evaporates faster than the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?", "choices": {"text": ["The gas is more dense than the air.", "The gas is more visible than the air.", "The gas smells different from the air.", "The gas evaporates faster than the air."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?\n1. The gas is more dense than the air.\n2. The gas is more visible than the air.\n3. The gas smells different from the air.\n4. The gas evaporates faster than the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?", "choices": {"text": ["The gas is more dense than the air.", "The gas is more visible than the air.", "The gas smells different from the air.", "The gas evaporates faster than the air."], "label": ["X", "I", "U", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?\nX. The gas is more dense than the air.\nI. The gas is more visible than the air.\nU. The gas smells different from the air.\nS. The gas evaporates faster than the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?", "choices": {"text": ["The gas is more visible than the air.", "The gas is more dense than the air.", "The gas smells different from the air.", "The gas evaporates faster than the air."], "label": ["X", "I", "U", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a demonstration, a teacher pours CO_{2} gas over a candle, putting out the flame. Which physical property allows the teacher to pour the CO_{2} gas?\nX. The gas is more visible than the air.\nI. The gas is more dense than the air.\nU. The gas smells different from the air.\nS. The gas evaporates faster than the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3812}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7030783", "question": "Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of", "choices": {"text": ["neutrons.", "protons.", "electrons.", "neutrinos."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of\nA. neutrons.\nB. protons.\nC. electrons.\nD. neutrinos.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons.", "protons.", "neutrons.", "neutrinos."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of\nA. electrons.\nB. protons.\nC. neutrons.\nD. neutrinos.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of", "choices": {"text": ["neutrons.", "protons.", "electrons.", "neutrinos."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of\n1. neutrons.\n2. protons.\n3. electrons.\n4. neutrinos.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of", "choices": {"text": ["neutrons.", "protons.", "electrons.", "neutrinos."], "label": ["L", "V", "H", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of\nL. neutrons.\nV. protons.\nH. electrons.\nM. neutrinos.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons.", "protons.", "neutrons.", "neutrinos."], "label": ["L", "V", "H", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses because they can have different numbers of\nL. electrons.\nV. protons.\nH. neutrons.\nM. neutrinos.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3813}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402642", "question": "Which would be the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "cork", "water", "silver"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would be the best conductor of electricity?\nA. air\nB. cork\nC. water\nD. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would be the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "silver", "cork", "air"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would be the best conductor of electricity?\nA. water\nB. silver\nC. cork\nD. air\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would be the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "cork", "water", "silver"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would be the best conductor of electricity?\n1. air\n2. cork\n3. water\n4. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would be the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "cork", "water", "silver"], "label": ["Q", "M", "Z", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would be the best conductor of electricity?\nQ. air\nM. cork\nZ. water\nP. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would be the best conductor of electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "silver", "cork", "air"], "label": ["Q", "M", "Z", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would be the best conductor of electricity?\nQ. water\nM. silver\nZ. cork\nP. air\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3814}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401269", "question": "Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to", "choices": {"text": ["change a theory.", "test a hypothesis.", "write a procedure.", "make an observation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to\nA. change a theory.\nB. test a hypothesis.\nC. write a procedure.\nD. make an observation.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to", "choices": {"text": ["test a hypothesis.", "write a procedure.", "change a theory.", "make an observation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to\nA. test a hypothesis.\nB. write a procedure.\nC. change a theory.\nD. make an observation.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to", "choices": {"text": ["change a theory.", "test a hypothesis.", "write a procedure.", "make an observation."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to\n1. change a theory.\n2. test a hypothesis.\n3. write a procedure.\n4. make an observation.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to", "choices": {"text": ["change a theory.", "test a hypothesis.", "write a procedure.", "make an observation."], "label": ["W", "Q", "A", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to\nW. change a theory.\nQ. test a hypothesis.\nA. write a procedure.\nE. make an observation.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to", "choices": {"text": ["test a hypothesis.", "write a procedure.", "change a theory.", "make an observation."], "label": ["W", "Q", "A", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Part of a scientific method involves collecting data in order to\nW. test a hypothesis.\nQ. write a procedure.\nA. change a theory.\nE. make an observation.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3815}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7162785", "question": "Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "mass", "tension", "weight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?\nA. friction\nB. mass\nC. tension\nD. weight\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["tension", "friction", "weight", "mass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?\nA. tension\nB. friction\nC. weight\nD. mass\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "mass", "tension", "weight"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?\n1. friction\n2. mass\n3. tension\n4. weight\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "mass", "tension", "weight"], "label": ["H", "Y", "K", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?\nH. friction\nY. mass\nK. tension\nJ. weight\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?", "choices": {"text": ["tension", "friction", "weight", "mass"], "label": ["H", "Y", "K", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gravity is a measurable force of attraction which acts upon objects. Which characteristic determines the gravity of an object?\nH. tension\nY. friction\nK. weight\nJ. mass\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3816}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_8_pg102", "question": "Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["Melting ice", "corroding silver", "Burning match", "Rotting vegetation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?\nA. Melting ice\nB. corroding silver\nC. Burning match\nD. Rotting vegetation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["corroding silver", "Melting ice", "Rotting vegetation", "Burning match"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?\nA. corroding silver\nB. Melting ice\nC. Rotting vegetation\nD. Burning match\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["Melting ice", "corroding silver", "Burning match", "Rotting vegetation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?\n1. Melting ice\n2. corroding silver\n3. Burning match\n4. Rotting vegetation\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["Melting ice", "corroding silver", "Burning match", "Rotting vegetation"], "label": ["U", "T", "D", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?\nU. Melting ice\nT. corroding silver\nD. Burning match\nW. Rotting vegetation\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["corroding silver", "Melting ice", "Rotting vegetation", "Burning match"], "label": ["U", "T", "D", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is NOT an example of a chemical change?\nU. corroding silver\nT. Melting ice\nD. Rotting vegetation\nW. Burning match\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3817}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_8_30", "question": "Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["the tilt of Earth on its axis", "the rate of rotation of Earth", "the effects of solar flare activity", "the relative distance between Earth and the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?\nA. the tilt of Earth on its axis\nB. the rate of rotation of Earth\nC. the effects of solar flare activity\nD. the relative distance between Earth and the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["the effects of solar flare activity", "the rate of rotation of Earth", "the tilt of Earth on its axis", "the relative distance between Earth and the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?\nA. the effects of solar flare activity\nB. the rate of rotation of Earth\nC. the tilt of Earth on its axis\nD. the relative distance between Earth and the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["the tilt of Earth on its axis", "the rate of rotation of Earth", "the effects of solar flare activity", "the relative distance between Earth and the Sun"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?\n1. the tilt of Earth on its axis\n2. the rate of rotation of Earth\n3. the effects of solar flare activity\n4. the relative distance between Earth and the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["the tilt of Earth on its axis", "the rate of rotation of Earth", "the effects of solar flare activity", "the relative distance between Earth and the Sun"], "label": ["A", "X", "B", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?\nA. the tilt of Earth on its axis\nX. the rate of rotation of Earth\nB. the effects of solar flare activity\nK. the relative distance between Earth and the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["the effects of solar flare activity", "the rate of rotation of Earth", "the tilt of Earth on its axis", "the relative distance between Earth and the Sun"], "label": ["A", "X", "B", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seasons in Alaska are primarily caused by which factor as Earth revolves around the Sun?\nA. the effects of solar flare activity\nX. the rate of rotation of Earth\nB. the tilt of Earth on its axis\nK. the relative distance between Earth and the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3818}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7032393", "question": "A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?", "choices": {"text": ["test tube", "meter stick", "balance scale", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?\nA. test tube\nB. meter stick\nC. balance scale\nD. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?", "choices": {"text": ["balance scale", "graduated cylinder", "meter stick", "test tube"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?\nA. balance scale\nB. graduated cylinder\nC. meter stick\nD. test tube\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?", "choices": {"text": ["test tube", "meter stick", "balance scale", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?\n1. test tube\n2. meter stick\n3. balance scale\n4. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?", "choices": {"text": ["test tube", "meter stick", "balance scale", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["J", "G", "V", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?\nJ. test tube\nG. meter stick\nV. balance scale\nL. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?", "choices": {"text": ["balance scale", "graduated cylinder", "meter stick", "test tube"], "label": ["J", "G", "V", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student needs to measure out a precise amount of liquid. What is the best tool for the student to use?\nJ. balance scale\nG. graduated cylinder\nV. meter stick\nL. test tube\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3819}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_23", "question": "An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["creating shelter", "recycling nutrients", "a transfer of energy", "a defense mechanism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of\nA. creating shelter\nB. recycling nutrients\nC. a transfer of energy\nD. a defense mechanism\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a transfer of energy", "a defense mechanism", "recycling nutrients", "creating shelter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of\nA. a transfer of energy\nB. a defense mechanism\nC. recycling nutrients\nD. creating shelter\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["creating shelter", "recycling nutrients", "a transfer of energy", "a defense mechanism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of\n1. creating shelter\n2. recycling nutrients\n3. a transfer of energy\n4. a defense mechanism\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["creating shelter", "recycling nutrients", "a transfer of energy", "a defense mechanism"], "label": ["M", "S", "T", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of\nM. creating shelter\nS. recycling nutrients\nT. a transfer of energy\nN. a defense mechanism\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a transfer of energy", "a defense mechanism", "recycling nutrients", "creating shelter"], "label": ["M", "S", "T", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: An octopus squirts black ink around itself to hide from predators. This adaptation is an example of\nM. a transfer of energy\nS. a defense mechanism\nT. recycling nutrients\nN. creating shelter\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3820}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10177", "question": "Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "Doppler radar", "depth scale", "seismograph"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?\nA. barometer\nB. Doppler radar\nC. depth scale\nD. seismograph\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["Doppler radar", "seismograph", "barometer", "depth scale"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?\nA. Doppler radar\nB. seismograph\nC. barometer\nD. depth scale\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "Doppler radar", "depth scale", "seismograph"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?\n1. barometer\n2. Doppler radar\n3. depth scale\n4. seismograph\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "Doppler radar", "depth scale", "seismograph"], "label": ["H", "B", "F", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?\nH. barometer\nB. Doppler radar\nF. depth scale\nC. seismograph\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["Doppler radar", "seismograph", "barometer", "depth scale"], "label": ["H", "B", "F", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?\nH. Doppler radar\nB. seismograph\nF. barometer\nC. depth scale\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3821}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_1995_8_L3", "question": "A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["The eye sockets faced sideways.", "The skull was much longer than it was wide.", "There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.", "Four of the teeth were long and pointed.", "The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?\nA. The eye sockets faced sideways.\nB. The skull was much longer than it was wide.\nC. There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.\nD. Four of the teeth were long and pointed.\nE. The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down.", "There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.", "The eye sockets faced sideways.", "The skull was much longer than it was wide.", "Four of the teeth were long and pointed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?\nA. The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down.\nB. There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.\nC. The eye sockets faced sideways.\nD. The skull was much longer than it was wide.\nE. Four of the teeth were long and pointed.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 4}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["The eye sockets faced sideways.", "The skull was much longer than it was wide.", "There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.", "Four of the teeth were long and pointed.", "The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]}, "prompt": "Question: A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?\n1. The eye sockets faced sideways.\n2. The skull was much longer than it was wide.\n3. There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.\n4. Four of the teeth were long and pointed.\n5. The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["The eye sockets faced sideways.", "The skull was much longer than it was wide.", "There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.", "Four of the teeth were long and pointed.", "The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down."], "label": ["A", "C", "Q", "M", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?\nA. The eye sockets faced sideways.\nC. The skull was much longer than it was wide.\nQ. There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.\nM. Four of the teeth were long and pointed.\nS. The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down.", "There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.", "The eye sockets faced sideways.", "The skull was much longer than it was wide.", "Four of the teeth were long and pointed."], "label": ["A", "C", "Q", "M", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A girl found the skull of an animal. She did not know what the animal was but she was sure that it preyed on other animals for its food. What clue led to this conclusion?\nA. The jaws could move sideways as well as up and down.\nC. There was a projecting ridge along the top of the skull.\nQ. The eye sockets faced sideways.\nM. The skull was much longer than it was wide.\nS. Four of the teeth were long and pointed.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 4}, "idx": 3822}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg25", "question": "Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?", "choices": {"text": ["chickens", "dogs", "frogs", "turtles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?\nA. chickens\nB. dogs\nC. frogs\nD. turtles\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?", "choices": {"text": ["dogs", "turtles", "frogs", "chickens"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?\nA. dogs\nB. turtles\nC. frogs\nD. chickens\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?", "choices": {"text": ["chickens", "dogs", "frogs", "turtles"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?\n1. chickens\n2. dogs\n3. frogs\n4. turtles\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?", "choices": {"text": ["chickens", "dogs", "frogs", "turtles"], "label": ["C", "A", "U", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?\nC. chickens\nA. dogs\nU. frogs\nV. turtles\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?", "choices": {"text": ["dogs", "turtles", "frogs", "chickens"], "label": ["C", "A", "U", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which one of these animals does NOT lay eggs?\nC. dogs\nA. turtles\nU. frogs\nV. chickens\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3823}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416637", "question": "Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?", "choices": {"text": ["They reproduce by mitosis.", "They eat by phagocytosis.", "They respond to light stimuli.", "They move by changing shape."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?\nA. They reproduce by mitosis.\nB. They eat by phagocytosis.\nC. They respond to light stimuli.\nD. They move by changing shape.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?", "choices": {"text": ["They respond to light stimuli.", "They reproduce by mitosis.", "They move by changing shape.", "They eat by phagocytosis."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?\nA. They respond to light stimuli.\nB. They reproduce by mitosis.\nC. They move by changing shape.\nD. They eat by phagocytosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?", "choices": {"text": ["They reproduce by mitosis.", "They eat by phagocytosis.", "They respond to light stimuli.", "They move by changing shape."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?\n1. They reproduce by mitosis.\n2. They eat by phagocytosis.\n3. They respond to light stimuli.\n4. They move by changing shape.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?", "choices": {"text": ["They reproduce by mitosis.", "They eat by phagocytosis.", "They respond to light stimuli.", "They move by changing shape."], "label": ["K", "T", "L", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?\nK. They reproduce by mitosis.\nT. They eat by phagocytosis.\nL. They respond to light stimuli.\nX. They move by changing shape.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?", "choices": {"text": ["They respond to light stimuli.", "They reproduce by mitosis.", "They move by changing shape.", "They eat by phagocytosis."], "label": ["K", "T", "L", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic does a euglena share with an amoeba?\nK. They respond to light stimuli.\nT. They reproduce by mitosis.\nL. They move by changing shape.\nX. They eat by phagocytosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3824}
{"arc_id": "MEAP_2005_8_1", "question": "Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["introduction of a non-native species", "reduced daylight hours during winter", "preventing the cutting of trees in forests", "riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?\nA. introduction of a non-native species\nB. reduced daylight hours during winter\nC. preventing the cutting of trees in forests\nD. riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["reduced daylight hours during winter", "preventing the cutting of trees in forests", "riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding", "introduction of a non-native species"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?\nA. reduced daylight hours during winter\nB. preventing the cutting of trees in forests\nC. riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding\nD. introduction of a non-native species\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["introduction of a non-native species", "reduced daylight hours during winter", "preventing the cutting of trees in forests", "riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?\n1. introduction of a non-native species\n2. reduced daylight hours during winter\n3. preventing the cutting of trees in forests\n4. riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["introduction of a non-native species", "reduced daylight hours during winter", "preventing the cutting of trees in forests", "riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding"], "label": ["W", "I", "J", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?\nW. introduction of a non-native species\nI. reduced daylight hours during winter\nJ. preventing the cutting of trees in forests\nU. riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["reduced daylight hours during winter", "preventing the cutting of trees in forests", "riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding", "introduction of a non-native species"], "label": ["W", "I", "J", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is most likely to disrupt the natural balance in an ecosystem?\nW. reduced daylight hours during winter\nI. preventing the cutting of trees in forests\nJ. riverbank erosion resulting from springtime flooding\nU. introduction of a non-native species\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3825}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_LBS10287", "question": "Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?", "choices": {"text": ["outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere", "asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core", "inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core", "inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?\nA. outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere\nB. asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core\nC. inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core\nD. inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?", "choices": {"text": ["inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere", "outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere", "inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core", "asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?\nA. inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere\nB. outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere\nC. inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core\nD. asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?", "choices": {"text": ["outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere", "asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core", "inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core", "inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?\n1. outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere\n2. asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core\n3. inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core\n4. inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?", "choices": {"text": ["outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere", "asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core", "inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core", "inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere"], "label": ["V", "T", "I", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?\nV. outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere\nT. asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core\nI. inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core\nC. inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?", "choices": {"text": ["inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere", "outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere", "inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core", "asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core"], "label": ["V", "T", "I", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these correctly lists Earth's layers in order from the center to the surface?\nV. inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere\nT. outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere\nI. inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core\nC. asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3826}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7107993", "question": "The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.", "Nitrogen atoms are different ages.", "Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.", "Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?\nA. Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.\nB. Nitrogen atoms are different ages.\nC. Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.\nD. Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.", "Nitrogen atoms are different ages.", "Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.", "Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?\nA. Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.\nB. Nitrogen atoms are different ages.\nC. Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.\nD. Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.", "Nitrogen atoms are different ages.", "Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.", "Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?\n1. Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.\n2. Nitrogen atoms are different ages.\n3. Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.\n4. Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.", "Nitrogen atoms are different ages.", "Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.", "Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy."], "label": ["I", "X", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?\nI. Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.\nX. Nitrogen atoms are different ages.\nN. Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.\nY. Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?", "choices": {"text": ["Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.", "Nitrogen atoms are different ages.", "Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.", "Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy."], "label": ["I", "X", "N", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: The element nitrogen can be found in simple, nonliving substances, such as air, and in complex molecules in living organisms, such as DNA. Which statement explains why nitrogen can exist in many compounds?\nI. Nitrogen atoms can bond to different atoms.\nX. Nitrogen atoms are different ages.\nN. Nitrogen atoms are different sizes.\nY. Nitrogen atoms have different amounts of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3827}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7238928", "question": "An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?", "choices": {"text": ["lipid", "carbohydrate", "nucleic acid", "protein"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?\nA. lipid\nB. carbohydrate\nC. nucleic acid\nD. protein\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?", "choices": {"text": ["lipid", "protein", "carbohydrate", "nucleic acid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?\nA. lipid\nB. protein\nC. carbohydrate\nD. nucleic acid\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?", "choices": {"text": ["lipid", "carbohydrate", "nucleic acid", "protein"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?\n1. lipid\n2. carbohydrate\n3. nucleic acid\n4. protein\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?", "choices": {"text": ["lipid", "carbohydrate", "nucleic acid", "protein"], "label": ["C", "U", "Q", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?\nC. lipid\nU. carbohydrate\nQ. nucleic acid\nF. protein\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?", "choices": {"text": ["lipid", "protein", "carbohydrate", "nucleic acid"], "label": ["C", "U", "Q", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: An enzyme in the Golgi apparatus catalyzes the addition of phosphates to which class of molecule?\nC. lipid\nU. protein\nQ. carbohydrate\nF. nucleic acid\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3828}
{"arc_id": "NAEP_2005_8_S13+8", "question": "Which is an example of water condensing? 1.", "choices": {"text": ["puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon", "Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise", "Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun", "Dew forming on plants during a cold night"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of water condensing? 1.\nA. puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon\nB. Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise\nC. Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun\nD. Dew forming on plants during a cold night\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of water condensing? 1.", "choices": {"text": ["Dew forming on plants during a cold night", "Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun", "Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise", "puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of water condensing? 1.\nA. Dew forming on plants during a cold night\nB. Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun\nC. Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise\nD. puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of water condensing? 1.", "choices": {"text": ["puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon", "Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise", "Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun", "Dew forming on plants during a cold night"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of water condensing? 1.\n1. puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon\n2. Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise\n3. Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun\n4. Dew forming on plants during a cold night\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of water condensing? 1.", "choices": {"text": ["puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon", "Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise", "Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun", "Dew forming on plants during a cold night"], "label": ["A", "C", "R", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of water condensing? 1.\nA. puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon\nC. Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise\nR. Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun\nB. Dew forming on plants during a cold night\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of water condensing? 1.", "choices": {"text": ["Dew forming on plants during a cold night", "Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun", "Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise", "puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon"], "label": ["A", "C", "R", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of water condensing? 1.\nA. Dew forming on plants during a cold night\nC. Ice cubes melting when you put them out in the sun\nR. Sweat forming on your forehead after you do a lot of exercise\nB. puddle disappearing on a hot summer afternoon\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3829}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400306", "question": "A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of", "choices": {"text": ["runoff from sewage.", "deposition of sediment.", "an ancient glacier that passed through.", "an underground river flowing to the ocean."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of\nA. runoff from sewage.\nB. deposition of sediment.\nC. an ancient glacier that passed through.\nD. an underground river flowing to the ocean.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of", "choices": {"text": ["an underground river flowing to the ocean.", "an ancient glacier that passed through.", "runoff from sewage.", "deposition of sediment."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of\nA. an underground river flowing to the ocean.\nB. an ancient glacier that passed through.\nC. runoff from sewage.\nD. deposition of sediment.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of", "choices": {"text": ["runoff from sewage.", "deposition of sediment.", "an ancient glacier that passed through.", "an underground river flowing to the ocean."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of\n1. runoff from sewage.\n2. deposition of sediment.\n3. an ancient glacier that passed through.\n4. an underground river flowing to the ocean.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of", "choices": {"text": ["runoff from sewage.", "deposition of sediment.", "an ancient glacier that passed through.", "an underground river flowing to the ocean."], "label": ["Y", "O", "L", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of\nY. runoff from sewage.\nO. deposition of sediment.\nL. an ancient glacier that passed through.\nB. an underground river flowing to the ocean.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of", "choices": {"text": ["an underground river flowing to the ocean.", "an ancient glacier that passed through.", "runoff from sewage.", "deposition of sediment."], "label": ["Y", "O", "L", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A delta at the mouth of a river is the direct result of\nY. an underground river flowing to the ocean.\nO. an ancient glacier that passed through.\nL. runoff from sewage.\nB. deposition of sediment.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3830}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7173880", "question": "Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?", "choices": {"text": ["development of chemical rocks", "development of extrusive rocks", "development of layered rocks", "development of folded rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?\nA. development of chemical rocks\nB. development of extrusive rocks\nC. development of layered rocks\nD. development of folded rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?", "choices": {"text": ["development of layered rocks", "development of chemical rocks", "development of folded rocks", "development of extrusive rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?\nA. development of layered rocks\nB. development of chemical rocks\nC. development of folded rocks\nD. development of extrusive rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?", "choices": {"text": ["development of chemical rocks", "development of extrusive rocks", "development of layered rocks", "development of folded rocks"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?\n1. development of chemical rocks\n2. development of extrusive rocks\n3. development of layered rocks\n4. development of folded rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?", "choices": {"text": ["development of chemical rocks", "development of extrusive rocks", "development of layered rocks", "development of folded rocks"], "label": ["U", "G", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?\nU. development of chemical rocks\nG. development of extrusive rocks\nT. development of layered rocks\nW. development of folded rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?", "choices": {"text": ["development of layered rocks", "development of chemical rocks", "development of folded rocks", "development of extrusive rocks"], "label": ["U", "G", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have studied convergent boundaries and the results of the collisions. Besides the fact that mountains occur at these boundaries, which other part of the rock cycle is most likely associated with these areas of convergence?\nU. development of layered rocks\nG. development of chemical rocks\nT. development of folded rocks\nW. development of extrusive rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3831}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2015_7_1", "question": "Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["The amount of oxygen increases.", "The amount of methane increases.", "The amount of water vapor increases.", "The amount of carbon dioxide increases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?\nA. The amount of oxygen increases.\nB. The amount of methane increases.\nC. The amount of water vapor increases.\nD. The amount of carbon dioxide increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["The amount of water vapor increases.", "The amount of carbon dioxide increases.", "The amount of methane increases.", "The amount of oxygen increases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?\nA. The amount of water vapor increases.\nB. The amount of carbon dioxide increases.\nC. The amount of methane increases.\nD. The amount of oxygen increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["The amount of oxygen increases.", "The amount of methane increases.", "The amount of water vapor increases.", "The amount of carbon dioxide increases."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?\n1. The amount of oxygen increases.\n2. The amount of methane increases.\n3. The amount of water vapor increases.\n4. The amount of carbon dioxide increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["The amount of oxygen increases.", "The amount of methane increases.", "The amount of water vapor increases.", "The amount of carbon dioxide increases."], "label": ["L", "B", "U", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?\nL. The amount of oxygen increases.\nB. The amount of methane increases.\nU. The amount of water vapor increases.\nK. The amount of carbon dioxide increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["The amount of water vapor increases.", "The amount of carbon dioxide increases.", "The amount of methane increases.", "The amount of oxygen increases."], "label": ["L", "B", "U", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the effect deforestation has on Earth's atmosphere?\nL. The amount of water vapor increases.\nB. The amount of carbon dioxide increases.\nU. The amount of methane increases.\nK. The amount of oxygen increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3832}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401275", "question": "Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's", "choices": {"text": ["jet stream.", "weather patterns.", "magnetic patterns.", "electrical discharges."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's\nA. jet stream.\nB. weather patterns.\nC. magnetic patterns.\nD. electrical discharges.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's", "choices": {"text": ["weather patterns.", "magnetic patterns.", "jet stream.", "electrical discharges."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's\nA. weather patterns.\nB. magnetic patterns.\nC. jet stream.\nD. electrical discharges.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's", "choices": {"text": ["jet stream.", "weather patterns.", "magnetic patterns.", "electrical discharges."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's\n1. jet stream.\n2. weather patterns.\n3. magnetic patterns.\n4. electrical discharges.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's", "choices": {"text": ["jet stream.", "weather patterns.", "magnetic patterns.", "electrical discharges."], "label": ["U", "F", "A", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's\nU. jet stream.\nF. weather patterns.\nA. magnetic patterns.\nZ. electrical discharges.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's", "choices": {"text": ["weather patterns.", "magnetic patterns.", "jet stream.", "electrical discharges."], "label": ["U", "F", "A", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many scientists think that when birds migrate to the same location each year, they find this location by using Earth's\nU. weather patterns.\nF. magnetic patterns.\nA. jet stream.\nZ. electrical discharges.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3833}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400361", "question": "Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "solar", "chemical", "electrical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?\nA. heat\nB. solar\nC. chemical\nD. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "electrical", "chemical", "solar"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?\nA. heat\nB. electrical\nC. chemical\nD. solar\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "solar", "chemical", "electrical"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?\n1. heat\n2. solar\n3. chemical\n4. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "solar", "chemical", "electrical"], "label": ["F", "A", "C", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?\nF. heat\nA. solar\nC. chemical\nS. electrical\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["heat", "electrical", "chemical", "solar"], "label": ["F", "A", "C", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of energy do plants need to capture in order to perform photosynthesis?\nF. heat\nA. electrical\nC. chemical\nS. solar\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3834}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026775", "question": "A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?", "choices": {"text": ["gradual climate change", "continued climate stability", "sudden global climate change", "gradual ecosystem succession"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?\nA. gradual climate change\nB. continued climate stability\nC. sudden global climate change\nD. gradual ecosystem succession\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?", "choices": {"text": ["continued climate stability", "gradual ecosystem succession", "gradual climate change", "sudden global climate change"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?\nA. continued climate stability\nB. gradual ecosystem succession\nC. gradual climate change\nD. sudden global climate change\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?", "choices": {"text": ["gradual climate change", "continued climate stability", "sudden global climate change", "gradual ecosystem succession"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?\n1. gradual climate change\n2. continued climate stability\n3. sudden global climate change\n4. gradual ecosystem succession\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?", "choices": {"text": ["gradual climate change", "continued climate stability", "sudden global climate change", "gradual ecosystem succession"], "label": ["N", "C", "K", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?\nN. gradual climate change\nC. continued climate stability\nK. sudden global climate change\nM. gradual ecosystem succession\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?", "choices": {"text": ["continued climate stability", "gradual ecosystem succession", "gradual climate change", "sudden global climate change"], "label": ["N", "C", "K", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large number of species on Earth became extinct during a short time period about 65 million years ago. Based on this pattern of extinction, which is the most likely cause?\nN. continued climate stability\nC. gradual ecosystem succession\nK. gradual climate change\nM. sudden global climate change\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3835}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7284095", "question": "Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?", "choices": {"text": ["The relationship is competitive.", "The relationship is cooperative.", "The relationship is parasitic.", "The relationship is predatory."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?\nA. The relationship is competitive.\nB. The relationship is cooperative.\nC. The relationship is parasitic.\nD. The relationship is predatory.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?", "choices": {"text": ["The relationship is competitive.", "The relationship is predatory.", "The relationship is cooperative.", "The relationship is parasitic."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?\nA. The relationship is competitive.\nB. The relationship is predatory.\nC. The relationship is cooperative.\nD. The relationship is parasitic.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?", "choices": {"text": ["The relationship is competitive.", "The relationship is cooperative.", "The relationship is parasitic.", "The relationship is predatory."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?\n1. The relationship is competitive.\n2. The relationship is cooperative.\n3. The relationship is parasitic.\n4. The relationship is predatory.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?", "choices": {"text": ["The relationship is competitive.", "The relationship is cooperative.", "The relationship is parasitic.", "The relationship is predatory."], "label": ["P", "Z", "J", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?\nP. The relationship is competitive.\nZ. The relationship is cooperative.\nJ. The relationship is parasitic.\nL. The relationship is predatory.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?", "choices": {"text": ["The relationship is competitive.", "The relationship is predatory.", "The relationship is cooperative.", "The relationship is parasitic."], "label": ["P", "Z", "J", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sofia put a bat house in a tree in her yard. The bats ate mosquitos in Sofia's yard at night and roosted in the house during the day. Droppings from the bat house nourished the tree. What kind of relationship exists between Sofia, the bats, and the tree?\nP. The relationship is competitive.\nZ. The relationship is predatory.\nJ. The relationship is cooperative.\nL. The relationship is parasitic.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3836}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10901", "question": "Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["shade", "heat", "water", "sand"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?\nA. shade\nB. heat\nC. water\nD. sand\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "sand", "heat", "shade"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?\nA. water\nB. sand\nC. heat\nD. shade\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["shade", "heat", "water", "sand"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?\n1. shade\n2. heat\n3. water\n4. sand\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["shade", "heat", "water", "sand"], "label": ["O", "W", "J", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?\nO. shade\nW. heat\nJ. water\nH. sand\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "sand", "heat", "shade"], "label": ["O", "W", "J", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most basic need for a plant?\nO. water\nW. sand\nJ. heat\nH. shade\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3837}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7123445", "question": "A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as", "choices": {"text": ["consisting of billions of galaxies.", "being less than two billion years old.", "containing approximately ten planets.", "becoming smaller over time."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as\nA. consisting of billions of galaxies.\nB. being less than two billion years old.\nC. containing approximately ten planets.\nD. becoming smaller over time.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as", "choices": {"text": ["becoming smaller over time.", "being less than two billion years old.", "consisting of billions of galaxies.", "containing approximately ten planets."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as\nA. becoming smaller over time.\nB. being less than two billion years old.\nC. consisting of billions of galaxies.\nD. containing approximately ten planets.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as", "choices": {"text": ["consisting of billions of galaxies.", "being less than two billion years old.", "containing approximately ten planets.", "becoming smaller over time."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as\n1. consisting of billions of galaxies.\n2. being less than two billion years old.\n3. containing approximately ten planets.\n4. becoming smaller over time.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as", "choices": {"text": ["consisting of billions of galaxies.", "being less than two billion years old.", "containing approximately ten planets.", "becoming smaller over time."], "label": ["N", "X", "C", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as\nN. consisting of billions of galaxies.\nX. being less than two billion years old.\nC. containing approximately ten planets.\nL. becoming smaller over time.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as", "choices": {"text": ["becoming smaller over time.", "being less than two billion years old.", "consisting of billions of galaxies.", "containing approximately ten planets."], "label": ["N", "X", "C", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific article about the universe will most likely describe the universe as\nN. becoming smaller over time.\nX. being less than two billion years old.\nC. consisting of billions of galaxies.\nL. containing approximately ten planets.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3838}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_4_11", "question": "Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "balance", "hand lens", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?\nA. thermometer\nB. balance\nC. hand lens\nD. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder", "hand lens"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?\nA. balance\nB. thermometer\nC. graduated cylinder\nD. hand lens\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "balance", "hand lens", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?\n1. thermometer\n2. balance\n3. hand lens\n4. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "balance", "hand lens", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["O", "Z", "K", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?\nO. thermometer\nZ. balance\nK. hand lens\nM. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder", "hand lens"], "label": ["O", "Z", "K", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would be most useful for observing the details of an insect's wings?\nO. balance\nZ. thermometer\nK. graduated cylinder\nM. hand lens\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3839}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_9_40", "question": "The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?", "choices": {"text": ["the block with the greatest density", "the block with the lowest surface area", "the block with the greatest specific heat", "the block with the lowest thermal conductivity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?\nA. the block with the greatest density\nB. the block with the lowest surface area\nC. the block with the greatest specific heat\nD. the block with the lowest thermal conductivity\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?", "choices": {"text": ["the block with the lowest surface area", "the block with the greatest specific heat", "the block with the lowest thermal conductivity", "the block with the greatest density"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?\nA. the block with the lowest surface area\nB. the block with the greatest specific heat\nC. the block with the lowest thermal conductivity\nD. the block with the greatest density\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?", "choices": {"text": ["the block with the greatest density", "the block with the lowest surface area", "the block with the greatest specific heat", "the block with the lowest thermal conductivity"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?\n1. the block with the greatest density\n2. the block with the lowest surface area\n3. the block with the greatest specific heat\n4. the block with the lowest thermal conductivity\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?", "choices": {"text": ["the block with the greatest density", "the block with the lowest surface area", "the block with the greatest specific heat", "the block with the lowest thermal conductivity"], "label": ["K", "O", "H", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?\nK. the block with the greatest density\nO. the block with the lowest surface area\nH. the block with the greatest specific heat\nB. the block with the lowest thermal conductivity\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?", "choices": {"text": ["the block with the lowest surface area", "the block with the greatest specific heat", "the block with the lowest thermal conductivity", "the block with the greatest density"], "label": ["K", "O", "H", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration. Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal four polystyrene foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water Procedure: 1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench. 2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C. 3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water. 4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s. At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water the greatest amount?\nK. the block with the lowest surface area\nO. the block with the greatest specific heat\nH. the block with the lowest thermal conductivity\nB. the block with the greatest density\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3840}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402270", "question": "On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it", "choices": {"text": ["swims faster.", "has a larger body.", "has a tougher scaly skin.", "has a different food source."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it\nA. swims faster.\nB. has a larger body.\nC. has a tougher scaly skin.\nD. has a different food source.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it", "choices": {"text": ["has a different food source.", "swims faster.", "has a larger body.", "has a tougher scaly skin."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it\nA. has a different food source.\nB. swims faster.\nC. has a larger body.\nD. has a tougher scaly skin.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it", "choices": {"text": ["swims faster.", "has a larger body.", "has a tougher scaly skin.", "has a different food source."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it\n1. swims faster.\n2. has a larger body.\n3. has a tougher scaly skin.\n4. has a different food source.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it", "choices": {"text": ["swims faster.", "has a larger body.", "has a tougher scaly skin.", "has a different food source."], "label": ["K", "H", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it\nK. swims faster.\nH. has a larger body.\nT. has a tougher scaly skin.\nW. has a different food source.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it", "choices": {"text": ["has a different food source.", "swims faster.", "has a larger body.", "has a tougher scaly skin."], "label": ["K", "H", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: On the Galapagos Islands, an iguana that lives in the water is most likely able to survive without competition from an iguana that lives on land because it\nK. has a different food source.\nH. swims faster.\nT. has a larger body.\nW. has a tougher scaly skin.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3841}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2007_3_15", "question": "Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Coal", "Electricity", "Sunlight", "Wind"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?\nA. Coal\nB. Electricity\nC. Sunlight\nD. Wind\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Electricity", "Sunlight", "Coal", "Wind"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?\nA. Electricity\nB. Sunlight\nC. Coal\nD. Wind\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Coal", "Electricity", "Sunlight", "Wind"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?\n1. Coal\n2. Electricity\n3. Sunlight\n4. Wind\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Coal", "Electricity", "Sunlight", "Wind"], "label": ["E", "J", "O", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?\nE. Coal\nJ. Electricity\nO. Sunlight\nX. Wind\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Electricity", "Sunlight", "Coal", "Wind"], "label": ["E", "J", "O", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these warms most of the air, water, and land on Earth?\nE. Electricity\nJ. Sunlight\nO. Coal\nX. Wind\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3842}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7138863", "question": "A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?", "choices": {"text": ["area", "mass", "weight", "volume"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?\nA. area\nB. mass\nC. weight\nD. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "weight", "area", "volume"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?\nA. mass\nB. weight\nC. area\nD. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?", "choices": {"text": ["area", "mass", "weight", "volume"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?\n1. area\n2. mass\n3. weight\n4. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?", "choices": {"text": ["area", "mass", "weight", "volume"], "label": ["V", "K", "P", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?\nV. area\nK. mass\nP. weight\nR. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?", "choices": {"text": ["mass", "weight", "area", "volume"], "label": ["V", "K", "P", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher was discussing with the class that a bowling ball has more inertia than a basketball. Which physical property is most likely being compared?\nV. mass\nK. weight\nP. area\nR. volume\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3843}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415738", "question": "A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?", "choices": {"text": ["radiation", "conduction", "convection", "insulation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?\nA. radiation\nB. conduction\nC. convection\nD. insulation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "conduction", "insulation", "radiation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?\nA. convection\nB. conduction\nC. insulation\nD. radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?", "choices": {"text": ["radiation", "conduction", "convection", "insulation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?\n1. radiation\n2. conduction\n3. convection\n4. insulation\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?", "choices": {"text": ["radiation", "conduction", "convection", "insulation"], "label": ["I", "R", "X", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?\nI. radiation\nR. conduction\nX. convection\nB. insulation\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "conduction", "insulation", "radiation"], "label": ["I", "R", "X", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A dark colored wall becomes warm when the Sun is shining on it. After the Sun sets, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person?\nI. convection\nR. conduction\nX. insulation\nB. radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3844}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7009573", "question": "During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to", "choices": {"text": ["maintain blood pressure.", "remove carbon dioxide.", "produce red blood cells.", "filter out waste products."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to\nA. maintain blood pressure.\nB. remove carbon dioxide.\nC. produce red blood cells.\nD. filter out waste products.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to", "choices": {"text": ["produce red blood cells.", "maintain blood pressure.", "filter out waste products.", "remove carbon dioxide."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to\nA. produce red blood cells.\nB. maintain blood pressure.\nC. filter out waste products.\nD. remove carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to", "choices": {"text": ["maintain blood pressure.", "remove carbon dioxide.", "produce red blood cells.", "filter out waste products."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to\n1. maintain blood pressure.\n2. remove carbon dioxide.\n3. produce red blood cells.\n4. filter out waste products.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to", "choices": {"text": ["maintain blood pressure.", "remove carbon dioxide.", "produce red blood cells.", "filter out waste products."], "label": ["G", "F", "J", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to\nG. maintain blood pressure.\nF. remove carbon dioxide.\nJ. produce red blood cells.\nC. filter out waste products.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to", "choices": {"text": ["produce red blood cells.", "maintain blood pressure.", "filter out waste products.", "remove carbon dioxide."], "label": ["G", "F", "J", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: During exercise, the cardiovascular system works together with the respiratory system to\nG. produce red blood cells.\nF. maintain blood pressure.\nJ. filter out waste products.\nC. remove carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3845}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402053", "question": "How does flipping a switch turn on a light?", "choices": {"text": ["It creates a spark.", "It breaks an electrical circuit.", "It generates electricity.", "It completes an electrical circuit."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does flipping a switch turn on a light?\nA. It creates a spark.\nB. It breaks an electrical circuit.\nC. It generates electricity.\nD. It completes an electrical circuit.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How does flipping a switch turn on a light?", "choices": {"text": ["It generates electricity.", "It breaks an electrical circuit.", "It completes an electrical circuit.", "It creates a spark."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does flipping a switch turn on a light?\nA. It generates electricity.\nB. It breaks an electrical circuit.\nC. It completes an electrical circuit.\nD. It creates a spark.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How does flipping a switch turn on a light?", "choices": {"text": ["It creates a spark.", "It breaks an electrical circuit.", "It generates electricity.", "It completes an electrical circuit."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does flipping a switch turn on a light?\n1. It creates a spark.\n2. It breaks an electrical circuit.\n3. It generates electricity.\n4. It completes an electrical circuit.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How does flipping a switch turn on a light?", "choices": {"text": ["It creates a spark.", "It breaks an electrical circuit.", "It generates electricity.", "It completes an electrical circuit."], "label": ["Z", "M", "L", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does flipping a switch turn on a light?\nZ. It creates a spark.\nM. It breaks an electrical circuit.\nL. It generates electricity.\nR. It completes an electrical circuit.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How does flipping a switch turn on a light?", "choices": {"text": ["It generates electricity.", "It breaks an electrical circuit.", "It completes an electrical circuit.", "It creates a spark."], "label": ["Z", "M", "L", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does flipping a switch turn on a light?\nZ. It generates electricity.\nM. It breaks an electrical circuit.\nL. It completes an electrical circuit.\nR. It creates a spark.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3846}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2012_8_23650", "question": "A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?", "choices": {"text": ["control", "guidance", "propulsion", "suspension"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?\nA. control\nB. guidance\nC. propulsion\nD. suspension\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?", "choices": {"text": ["guidance", "control", "propulsion", "suspension"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?\nA. guidance\nB. control\nC. propulsion\nD. suspension\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?", "choices": {"text": ["control", "guidance", "propulsion", "suspension"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?\n1. control\n2. guidance\n3. propulsion\n4. suspension\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?", "choices": {"text": ["control", "guidance", "propulsion", "suspension"], "label": ["X", "Y", "H", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?\nX. control\nY. guidance\nH. propulsion\nD. suspension\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?", "choices": {"text": ["guidance", "control", "propulsion", "suspension"], "label": ["X", "Y", "H", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A ship has a satellite communication device to identify the ship's position at sea. For which of the following activities is this device most likely used?\nX. guidance\nY. control\nH. propulsion\nD. suspension\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3847}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_5_12", "question": "The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to", "choices": {"text": ["help the plant to get moisture.", "anchor the plant in the ground.", "protect the plant from harm.", "support the stems and branches."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to\nA. help the plant to get moisture.\nB. anchor the plant in the ground.\nC. protect the plant from harm.\nD. support the stems and branches.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to", "choices": {"text": ["support the stems and branches.", "protect the plant from harm.", "anchor the plant in the ground.", "help the plant to get moisture."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to\nA. support the stems and branches.\nB. protect the plant from harm.\nC. anchor the plant in the ground.\nD. help the plant to get moisture.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to", "choices": {"text": ["help the plant to get moisture.", "anchor the plant in the ground.", "protect the plant from harm.", "support the stems and branches."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to\n1. help the plant to get moisture.\n2. anchor the plant in the ground.\n3. protect the plant from harm.\n4. support the stems and branches.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to", "choices": {"text": ["help the plant to get moisture.", "anchor the plant in the ground.", "protect the plant from harm.", "support the stems and branches."], "label": ["S", "D", "O", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to\nS. help the plant to get moisture.\nD. anchor the plant in the ground.\nO. protect the plant from harm.\nF. support the stems and branches.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to", "choices": {"text": ["support the stems and branches.", "protect the plant from harm.", "anchor the plant in the ground.", "help the plant to get moisture."], "label": ["S", "D", "O", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: The purpose of thorns on a plant is most likely to\nS. support the stems and branches.\nD. protect the plant from harm.\nO. anchor the plant in the ground.\nF. help the plant to get moisture.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3848}
{"arc_id": "TAKS_2009_5_21", "question": "Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?", "choices": {"text": ["Grass", "Aluminum", "Sunlight", "Oxygen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?\nA. Grass\nB. Aluminum\nC. Sunlight\nD. Oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight", "Oxygen", "Grass", "Aluminum"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?\nA. Sunlight\nB. Oxygen\nC. Grass\nD. Aluminum\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?", "choices": {"text": ["Grass", "Aluminum", "Sunlight", "Oxygen"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?\n1. Grass\n2. Aluminum\n3. Sunlight\n4. Oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?", "choices": {"text": ["Grass", "Aluminum", "Sunlight", "Oxygen"], "label": ["J", "V", "B", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?\nJ. Grass\nV. Aluminum\nB. Sunlight\nA. Oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight", "Oxygen", "Grass", "Aluminum"], "label": ["J", "V", "B", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is best classified as a nonrenewable resource?\nJ. Sunlight\nV. Oxygen\nB. Grass\nA. Aluminum\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3849}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_5_26", "question": "Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?", "choices": {"text": ["Continental shelves", "Continental slopes", "Ocean trenches", "Abyssal plains"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?\nA. Continental shelves\nB. Continental slopes\nC. Ocean trenches\nD. Abyssal plains\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?", "choices": {"text": ["Continental slopes", "Abyssal plains", "Continental shelves", "Ocean trenches"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?\nA. Continental slopes\nB. Abyssal plains\nC. Continental shelves\nD. Ocean trenches\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?", "choices": {"text": ["Continental shelves", "Continental slopes", "Ocean trenches", "Abyssal plains"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?\n1. Continental shelves\n2. Continental slopes\n3. Ocean trenches\n4. Abyssal plains\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?", "choices": {"text": ["Continental shelves", "Continental slopes", "Ocean trenches", "Abyssal plains"], "label": ["O", "M", "T", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?\nO. Continental shelves\nM. Continental slopes\nT. Ocean trenches\nS. Abyssal plains\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?", "choices": {"text": ["Continental slopes", "Abyssal plains", "Continental shelves", "Ocean trenches"], "label": ["O", "M", "T", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these are the deepest parts of the ocean?\nO. Continental slopes\nM. Abyssal plains\nT. Continental shelves\nS. Ocean trenches\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3850}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2014_7_2", "question": "Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "digestive", "circulatory", "integumentary"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?\nA. nervous\nB. digestive\nC. circulatory\nD. integumentary\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?", "choices": {"text": ["integumentary", "nervous", "digestive", "circulatory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?\nA. integumentary\nB. nervous\nC. digestive\nD. circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "digestive", "circulatory", "integumentary"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?\n1. nervous\n2. digestive\n3. circulatory\n4. integumentary\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "digestive", "circulatory", "integumentary"], "label": ["V", "L", "X", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?\nV. nervous\nL. digestive\nX. circulatory\nP. integumentary\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?", "choices": {"text": ["integumentary", "nervous", "digestive", "circulatory"], "label": ["V", "L", "X", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body system forms a barrier between internal body structures and the external environment?\nV. integumentary\nL. nervous\nX. digestive\nP. circulatory\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3851}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400523", "question": "Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they", "choices": {"text": ["cause disease in living organisms.", "reduce soil erosion.", "recycle oxygen to the air.", "return nutrients to the soil."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they\nA. cause disease in living organisms.\nB. reduce soil erosion.\nC. recycle oxygen to the air.\nD. return nutrients to the soil.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they", "choices": {"text": ["reduce soil erosion.", "recycle oxygen to the air.", "return nutrients to the soil.", "cause disease in living organisms."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they\nA. reduce soil erosion.\nB. recycle oxygen to the air.\nC. return nutrients to the soil.\nD. cause disease in living organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they", "choices": {"text": ["cause disease in living organisms.", "reduce soil erosion.", "recycle oxygen to the air.", "return nutrients to the soil."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they\n1. cause disease in living organisms.\n2. reduce soil erosion.\n3. recycle oxygen to the air.\n4. return nutrients to the soil.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they", "choices": {"text": ["cause disease in living organisms.", "reduce soil erosion.", "recycle oxygen to the air.", "return nutrients to the soil."], "label": ["B", "O", "Z", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they\nB. cause disease in living organisms.\nO. reduce soil erosion.\nZ. recycle oxygen to the air.\nU. return nutrients to the soil.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they", "choices": {"text": ["reduce soil erosion.", "recycle oxygen to the air.", "return nutrients to the soil.", "cause disease in living organisms."], "label": ["B", "O", "Z", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decaying plants and animals are important to an ecosystem because they\nB. reduce soil erosion.\nO. recycle oxygen to the air.\nZ. return nutrients to the soil.\nU. cause disease in living organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3852}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402094", "question": "The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?", "choices": {"text": ["plant growth", "beach erosion", "dissolving rock", "falling water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?\nA. plant growth\nB. beach erosion\nC. dissolving rock\nD. falling water\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?", "choices": {"text": ["dissolving rock", "plant growth", "falling water", "beach erosion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?\nA. dissolving rock\nB. plant growth\nC. falling water\nD. beach erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?", "choices": {"text": ["plant growth", "beach erosion", "dissolving rock", "falling water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?\n1. plant growth\n2. beach erosion\n3. dissolving rock\n4. falling water\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?", "choices": {"text": ["plant growth", "beach erosion", "dissolving rock", "falling water"], "label": ["J", "Y", "O", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?\nJ. plant growth\nY. beach erosion\nO. dissolving rock\nZ. falling water\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?", "choices": {"text": ["dissolving rock", "plant growth", "falling water", "beach erosion"], "label": ["J", "Y", "O", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?\nJ. dissolving rock\nY. plant growth\nO. falling water\nZ. beach erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3853}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7122500", "question": "Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in air temperature", "the appearance of shooting stars", "an decrease in atmospheric ozone", "the appearance of the Northern Lights"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?\nA. a decrease in air temperature\nB. the appearance of shooting stars\nC. an decrease in atmospheric ozone\nD. the appearance of the Northern Lights\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["an decrease in atmospheric ozone", "the appearance of the Northern Lights", "a decrease in air temperature", "the appearance of shooting stars"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?\nA. an decrease in atmospheric ozone\nB. the appearance of the Northern Lights\nC. a decrease in air temperature\nD. the appearance of shooting stars\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in air temperature", "the appearance of shooting stars", "an decrease in atmospheric ozone", "the appearance of the Northern Lights"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?\n1. a decrease in air temperature\n2. the appearance of shooting stars\n3. an decrease in atmospheric ozone\n4. the appearance of the Northern Lights\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in air temperature", "the appearance of shooting stars", "an decrease in atmospheric ozone", "the appearance of the Northern Lights"], "label": ["K", "V", "X", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?\nK. a decrease in air temperature\nV. the appearance of shooting stars\nX. an decrease in atmospheric ozone\nB. the appearance of the Northern Lights\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["an decrease in atmospheric ozone", "the appearance of the Northern Lights", "a decrease in air temperature", "the appearance of shooting stars"], "label": ["K", "V", "X", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these will most likely result from small meteoroids entering the atmosphere of Earth?\nK. an decrease in atmospheric ozone\nV. the appearance of the Northern Lights\nX. a decrease in air temperature\nB. the appearance of shooting stars\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3854}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7107310", "question": "A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is", "choices": {"text": ["being able to conserve energy.", "having large numbers of offspring.", "greater genetic diversity.", "longer life spans."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is\nA. being able to conserve energy.\nB. having large numbers of offspring.\nC. greater genetic diversity.\nD. longer life spans.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is", "choices": {"text": ["being able to conserve energy.", "greater genetic diversity.", "having large numbers of offspring.", "longer life spans."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is\nA. being able to conserve energy.\nB. greater genetic diversity.\nC. having large numbers of offspring.\nD. longer life spans.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is", "choices": {"text": ["being able to conserve energy.", "having large numbers of offspring.", "greater genetic diversity.", "longer life spans."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is\n1. being able to conserve energy.\n2. having large numbers of offspring.\n3. greater genetic diversity.\n4. longer life spans.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is", "choices": {"text": ["being able to conserve energy.", "having large numbers of offspring.", "greater genetic diversity.", "longer life spans."], "label": ["M", "I", "W", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is\nM. being able to conserve energy.\nI. having large numbers of offspring.\nW. greater genetic diversity.\nK. longer life spans.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is", "choices": {"text": ["being able to conserve energy.", "greater genetic diversity.", "having large numbers of offspring.", "longer life spans."], "label": ["M", "I", "W", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A main advantage to organisms that reproduce sexually is\nM. being able to conserve energy.\nI. greater genetic diversity.\nW. having large numbers of offspring.\nK. longer life spans.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3855}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7007840", "question": "A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to", "choices": {"text": ["water molecules moving apart.", "cold air penetrating the hot water.", "heat from the water moving into the cooler air.", "hot water reacting with the metal pan."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to\nA. water molecules moving apart.\nB. cold air penetrating the hot water.\nC. heat from the water moving into the cooler air.\nD. hot water reacting with the metal pan.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to", "choices": {"text": ["cold air penetrating the hot water.", "hot water reacting with the metal pan.", "water molecules moving apart.", "heat from the water moving into the cooler air."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to\nA. cold air penetrating the hot water.\nB. hot water reacting with the metal pan.\nC. water molecules moving apart.\nD. heat from the water moving into the cooler air.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to", "choices": {"text": ["water molecules moving apart.", "cold air penetrating the hot water.", "heat from the water moving into the cooler air.", "hot water reacting with the metal pan."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to\n1. water molecules moving apart.\n2. cold air penetrating the hot water.\n3. heat from the water moving into the cooler air.\n4. hot water reacting with the metal pan.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to", "choices": {"text": ["water molecules moving apart.", "cold air penetrating the hot water.", "heat from the water moving into the cooler air.", "hot water reacting with the metal pan."], "label": ["D", "S", "W", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to\nD. water molecules moving apart.\nS. cold air penetrating the hot water.\nW. heat from the water moving into the cooler air.\nP. hot water reacting with the metal pan.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to", "choices": {"text": ["cold air penetrating the hot water.", "hot water reacting with the metal pan.", "water molecules moving apart.", "heat from the water moving into the cooler air."], "label": ["D", "S", "W", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A pan containing hot water is left on the counter and becomes cool mainly due to\nD. cold air penetrating the hot water.\nS. hot water reacting with the metal pan.\nW. water molecules moving apart.\nP. heat from the water moving into the cooler air.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3856}
{"arc_id": "AIMS_2008_8_12", "question": "James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?", "choices": {"text": ["The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?\nA. The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.\nB. The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.\nC. The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.\nD. The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?", "choices": {"text": ["The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?\nA. The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.\nB. The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.\nC. The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.\nD. The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?", "choices": {"text": ["The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?\n1. The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.\n2. The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.\n3. The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.\n4. The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?", "choices": {"text": ["The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste."], "label": ["Q", "Y", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?\nQ. The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.\nY. The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.\nK. The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.\nO. The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?", "choices": {"text": ["The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.", "The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste."], "label": ["Q", "Y", "K", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: James placed a breath mint and a lump of toothpaste in a cup of water and let it sit overnight. Which statement best explains why the breath mint was gone the following morning, but the toothpaste was still at the bottom of the cup?\nQ. The breath mint was more soluble than the toothpaste.\nY. The breath mint had a lower density than the toothpaste.\nK. The breath mint was less soluble than the toothpaste.\nO. The breath mint had a greater density than the toothpaste.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3857}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415350", "question": "Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?", "choices": {"text": ["a long mane", "a steel shoe", "a missing tooth", "a bruised leg"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?\nA. a long mane\nB. a steel shoe\nC. a missing tooth\nD. a bruised leg\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?", "choices": {"text": ["a steel shoe", "a missing tooth", "a bruised leg", "a long mane"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?\nA. a steel shoe\nB. a missing tooth\nC. a bruised leg\nD. a long mane\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?", "choices": {"text": ["a long mane", "a steel shoe", "a missing tooth", "a bruised leg"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?\n1. a long mane\n2. a steel shoe\n3. a missing tooth\n4. a bruised leg\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?", "choices": {"text": ["a long mane", "a steel shoe", "a missing tooth", "a bruised leg"], "label": ["E", "K", "F", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?\nE. a long mane\nK. a steel shoe\nF. a missing tooth\nG. a bruised leg\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?", "choices": {"text": ["a steel shoe", "a missing tooth", "a bruised leg", "a long mane"], "label": ["E", "K", "F", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an inherited characteristic on a horse?\nE. a steel shoe\nK. a missing tooth\nF. a bruised leg\nG. a long mane\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3858}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_8_17", "question": "Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished", "choices": {"text": ["metals", "nonmetals", "elements", "compounds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished\nA. metals\nB. nonmetals\nC. elements\nD. compounds\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished", "choices": {"text": ["elements", "metals", "nonmetals", "compounds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished\nA. elements\nB. metals\nC. nonmetals\nD. compounds\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished", "choices": {"text": ["metals", "nonmetals", "elements", "compounds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished\n1. metals\n2. nonmetals\n3. elements\n4. compounds\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished", "choices": {"text": ["metals", "nonmetals", "elements", "compounds"], "label": ["H", "Y", "I", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished\nH. metals\nY. nonmetals\nI. elements\nQ. compounds\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished", "choices": {"text": ["elements", "metals", "nonmetals", "compounds"], "label": ["H", "Y", "I", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists classify matter into various groups. Which group is typically described by the characteristics listed below? • usually solid at room temperature • can be bent or changed in shape without breaking • show a shiny luster when scratched or polished\nH. elements\nY. metals\nI. nonmetals\nQ. compounds\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3859}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_404998", "question": "Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "glass", "metal", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?\nA. air\nB. glass\nC. metal\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "metal", "air", "glass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?\nA. water\nB. metal\nC. air\nD. glass\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "glass", "metal", "water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?\n1. air\n2. glass\n3. metal\n4. water\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?", "choices": {"text": ["air", "glass", "metal", "water"], "label": ["W", "F", "N", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?\nW. air\nF. glass\nN. metal\nX. water\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "metal", "air", "glass"], "label": ["W", "F", "N", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sound waves travel the fastest through dense materials. Through which of these would sound waves travel the SLOWEST?\nW. water\nF. metal\nN. air\nX. glass\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3860}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400600", "question": "A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a", "choices": {"text": ["solute.", "solvent.", "solution.", "suspension."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a\nA. solute.\nB. solvent.\nC. solution.\nD. suspension.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a", "choices": {"text": ["solution.", "solute.", "suspension.", "solvent."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a\nA. solution.\nB. solute.\nC. suspension.\nD. solvent.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a", "choices": {"text": ["solute.", "solvent.", "solution.", "suspension."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a\n1. solute.\n2. solvent.\n3. solution.\n4. suspension.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a", "choices": {"text": ["solute.", "solvent.", "solution.", "suspension."], "label": ["L", "N", "F", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a\nL. solute.\nN. solvent.\nF. solution.\nR. suspension.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a", "choices": {"text": ["solution.", "solute.", "suspension.", "solvent."], "label": ["L", "N", "F", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student dissolves a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and makes a\nL. solution.\nN. solute.\nF. suspension.\nR. solvent.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3861}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401611", "question": "Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?", "choices": {"text": ["Trees absorb these gases.", "Global temperatures are rising.", "Many variables affect global temperatures.", "Many human activities produce these gases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?\nA. Trees absorb these gases.\nB. Global temperatures are rising.\nC. Many variables affect global temperatures.\nD. Many human activities produce these gases.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?", "choices": {"text": ["Global temperatures are rising.", "Trees absorb these gases.", "Many human activities produce these gases.", "Many variables affect global temperatures."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?\nA. Global temperatures are rising.\nB. Trees absorb these gases.\nC. Many human activities produce these gases.\nD. Many variables affect global temperatures.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?", "choices": {"text": ["Trees absorb these gases.", "Global temperatures are rising.", "Many variables affect global temperatures.", "Many human activities produce these gases."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?\n1. Trees absorb these gases.\n2. Global temperatures are rising.\n3. Many variables affect global temperatures.\n4. Many human activities produce these gases.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?", "choices": {"text": ["Trees absorb these gases.", "Global temperatures are rising.", "Many variables affect global temperatures.", "Many human activities produce these gases."], "label": ["A", "R", "E", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?\nA. Trees absorb these gases.\nR. Global temperatures are rising.\nE. Many variables affect global temperatures.\nG. Many human activities produce these gases.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?", "choices": {"text": ["Global temperatures are rising.", "Trees absorb these gases.", "Many human activities produce these gases.", "Many variables affect global temperatures."], "label": ["A", "R", "E", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many scientists are convinced that an increase of certain gases in the atmosphere is affecting global temperatures. What makes this hypothesis difficult to prove?\nA. Global temperatures are rising.\nR. Trees absorb these gases.\nE. Many human activities produce these gases.\nG. Many variables affect global temperatures.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3862}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_8_53", "question": "How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?", "choices": {"text": ["by taking medication daily", "by preventing transmission between people", "by wearing clean clothing daily", "by performing dental hygiene three times each day"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?\nA. by taking medication daily\nB. by preventing transmission between people\nC. by wearing clean clothing daily\nD. by performing dental hygiene three times each day\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?", "choices": {"text": ["by taking medication daily", "by wearing clean clothing daily", "by performing dental hygiene three times each day", "by preventing transmission between people"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?\nA. by taking medication daily\nB. by wearing clean clothing daily\nC. by performing dental hygiene three times each day\nD. by preventing transmission between people\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?", "choices": {"text": ["by taking medication daily", "by preventing transmission between people", "by wearing clean clothing daily", "by performing dental hygiene three times each day"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?\n1. by taking medication daily\n2. by preventing transmission between people\n3. by wearing clean clothing daily\n4. by performing dental hygiene three times each day\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?", "choices": {"text": ["by taking medication daily", "by preventing transmission between people", "by wearing clean clothing daily", "by performing dental hygiene three times each day"], "label": ["M", "G", "R", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?\nM. by taking medication daily\nG. by preventing transmission between people\nR. by wearing clean clothing daily\nY. by performing dental hygiene three times each day\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?", "choices": {"text": ["by taking medication daily", "by wearing clean clothing daily", "by performing dental hygiene three times each day", "by preventing transmission between people"], "label": ["M", "G", "R", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: How can the rate of an infectious disease be drastically reduced?\nM. by taking medication daily\nG. by wearing clean clothing daily\nR. by performing dental hygiene three times each day\nY. by preventing transmission between people\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3863}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7077490", "question": "Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?", "choices": {"text": ["weight and time", "distance and mass", "volume and mass", "area and weight"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?\nA. weight and time\nB. distance and mass\nC. volume and mass\nD. area and weight\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?", "choices": {"text": ["distance and mass", "volume and mass", "area and weight", "weight and time"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?\nA. distance and mass\nB. volume and mass\nC. area and weight\nD. weight and time\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?", "choices": {"text": ["weight and time", "distance and mass", "volume and mass", "area and weight"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?\n1. weight and time\n2. distance and mass\n3. volume and mass\n4. area and weight\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?", "choices": {"text": ["weight and time", "distance and mass", "volume and mass", "area and weight"], "label": ["K", "F", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?\nK. weight and time\nF. distance and mass\nU. volume and mass\nJ. area and weight\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?", "choices": {"text": ["distance and mass", "volume and mass", "area and weight", "weight and time"], "label": ["K", "F", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?\nK. distance and mass\nF. volume and mass\nU. area and weight\nJ. weight and time\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3864}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_8_38", "question": "Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "thermometer", "meter stick", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?\nA. balance\nB. thermometer\nC. meter stick\nD. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "graduated cylinder", "meter stick", "balance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?\nA. thermometer\nB. graduated cylinder\nC. meter stick\nD. balance\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "thermometer", "meter stick", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?\n1. balance\n2. thermometer\n3. meter stick\n4. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?", "choices": {"text": ["balance", "thermometer", "meter stick", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["Y", "Q", "B", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?\nY. balance\nQ. thermometer\nB. meter stick\nI. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "graduated cylinder", "meter stick", "balance"], "label": ["Y", "Q", "B", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?\nY. thermometer\nQ. graduated cylinder\nB. meter stick\nI. balance\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3865}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_3_38", "question": "Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?", "choices": {"text": ["Gas", "Liquid", "Solid", "Natural"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?\nA. Gas\nB. Liquid\nC. Solid\nD. Natural\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?", "choices": {"text": ["Solid", "Gas", "Natural", "Liquid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?\nA. Solid\nB. Gas\nC. Natural\nD. Liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?", "choices": {"text": ["Gas", "Liquid", "Solid", "Natural"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?\n1. Gas\n2. Liquid\n3. Solid\n4. Natural\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?", "choices": {"text": ["Gas", "Liquid", "Solid", "Natural"], "label": ["W", "E", "P", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?\nW. Gas\nE. Liquid\nP. Solid\nH. Natural\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?", "choices": {"text": ["Solid", "Gas", "Natural", "Liquid"], "label": ["W", "E", "P", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ice cubes are an example of which form of water?\nW. Solid\nE. Gas\nP. Natural\nH. Liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3866}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7251720", "question": "Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?", "choices": {"text": ["Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.", "Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency.", "Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.", "Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?\nA. Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.\nB. Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency.\nC. Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.\nD. Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?", "choices": {"text": ["Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.", "Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.", "Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.", "Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?\nA. Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.\nB. Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.\nC. Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.\nD. Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?", "choices": {"text": ["Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.", "Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency.", "Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.", "Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?\n1. Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.\n2. Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency.\n3. Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.\n4. Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?", "choices": {"text": ["Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.", "Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency.", "Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.", "Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates."], "label": ["T", "E", "C", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?\nT. Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.\nE. Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency.\nC. Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.\nZ. Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?", "choices": {"text": ["Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.", "Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.", "Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.", "Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency."], "label": ["T", "E", "C", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which explains how the epithelium offers protection to land-dwelling vertebrates?\nT. Epithelium prevents dehydration in vertebrates.\nE. Epithelium provides a rigid shell to prevent punctures.\nC. Epithelium insulates the vertebrate from hypothermia.\nZ. Epithelium has capillaries to resist iron deficiency.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3867}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405461", "question": "Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["calculator", "graphs", "observations", "computer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?\nA. calculator\nB. graphs\nC. observations\nD. computer\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["observations", "calculator", "graphs", "computer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?\nA. observations\nB. calculator\nC. graphs\nD. computer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["calculator", "graphs", "observations", "computer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?\n1. calculator\n2. graphs\n3. observations\n4. computer\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["calculator", "graphs", "observations", "computer"], "label": ["V", "O", "M", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?\nV. calculator\nO. graphs\nM. observations\nN. computer\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["observations", "calculator", "graphs", "computer"], "label": ["V", "O", "M", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most likely way a scientist collects data during an experiment?\nV. observations\nO. calculator\nM. graphs\nN. computer\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3868}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_404899", "question": "Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "organ", "cell", "organelle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?\nA. nucleus\nB. organ\nC. cell\nD. organelle\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?", "choices": {"text": ["cell", "organ", "organelle", "nucleus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?\nA. cell\nB. organ\nC. organelle\nD. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "organ", "cell", "organelle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?\n1. nucleus\n2. organ\n3. cell\n4. organelle\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "organ", "cell", "organelle"], "label": ["F", "O", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?\nF. nucleus\nO. organ\nZ. cell\nW. organelle\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?", "choices": {"text": ["cell", "organ", "organelle", "nucleus"], "label": ["F", "O", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which must be present in order for something to be classified as an organism?\nF. cell\nO. organ\nZ. organelle\nW. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3869}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_404107", "question": "Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?", "choices": {"text": ["halite", "quartz", "gypsum", "sulfur"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?\nA. halite\nB. quartz\nC. gypsum\nD. sulfur\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?", "choices": {"text": ["gypsum", "sulfur", "quartz", "halite"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?\nA. gypsum\nB. sulfur\nC. quartz\nD. halite\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?", "choices": {"text": ["halite", "quartz", "gypsum", "sulfur"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?\n1. halite\n2. quartz\n3. gypsum\n4. sulfur\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?", "choices": {"text": ["halite", "quartz", "gypsum", "sulfur"], "label": ["T", "U", "G", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?\nT. halite\nU. quartz\nG. gypsum\nH. sulfur\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?", "choices": {"text": ["gypsum", "sulfur", "quartz", "halite"], "label": ["T", "U", "G", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which mineral is most likely to be found in all of the three major rock types known as metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary?\nT. gypsum\nU. sulfur\nG. quartz\nH. halite\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3870}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2008_4_10", "question": "A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "light", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by\nA. friction\nB. gravity\nC. light\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "magnetism", "light", "friction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by\nA. gravity\nB. magnetism\nC. light\nD. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "light", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by\n1. friction\n2. gravity\n3. light\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "light", "magnetism"], "label": ["U", "R", "G", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by\nU. friction\nR. gravity\nG. light\nW. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "magnetism", "light", "friction"], "label": ["U", "R", "G", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student rubs her hands together on a cold winter day. The heat that warms her hands is produced by\nU. gravity\nR. magnetism\nG. light\nW. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3871}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_19", "question": "When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["nest building", "hunting", "migrating", "hibernating"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of\nA. nest building\nB. hunting\nC. migrating\nD. hibernating\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["migrating", "hibernating", "nest building", "hunting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of\nA. migrating\nB. hibernating\nC. nest building\nD. hunting\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["nest building", "hunting", "migrating", "hibernating"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of\n1. nest building\n2. hunting\n3. migrating\n4. hibernating\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["nest building", "hunting", "migrating", "hibernating"], "label": ["Y", "V", "I", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of\nY. nest building\nV. hunting\nI. migrating\nQ. hibernating\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["migrating", "hibernating", "nest building", "hunting"], "label": ["Y", "V", "I", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: When ocean waters become too warm, some whales travel to colder water. This movement is an example of\nY. migrating\nV. hibernating\nI. nest building\nQ. hunting\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3872}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_405852", "question": "Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?", "choices": {"text": ["waiting to be fed at the aquarium door", "catching food using its arms", "being more active at night", "hiding behind rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?\nA. waiting to be fed at the aquarium door\nB. catching food using its arms\nC. being more active at night\nD. hiding behind rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?", "choices": {"text": ["being more active at night", "catching food using its arms", "waiting to be fed at the aquarium door", "hiding behind rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?\nA. being more active at night\nB. catching food using its arms\nC. waiting to be fed at the aquarium door\nD. hiding behind rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?", "choices": {"text": ["waiting to be fed at the aquarium door", "catching food using its arms", "being more active at night", "hiding behind rocks"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?\n1. waiting to be fed at the aquarium door\n2. catching food using its arms\n3. being more active at night\n4. hiding behind rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?", "choices": {"text": ["waiting to be fed at the aquarium door", "catching food using its arms", "being more active at night", "hiding behind rocks"], "label": ["S", "W", "O", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?\nS. waiting to be fed at the aquarium door\nW. catching food using its arms\nO. being more active at night\nL. hiding behind rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?", "choices": {"text": ["being more active at night", "catching food using its arms", "waiting to be fed at the aquarium door", "hiding behind rocks"], "label": ["S", "W", "O", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students visit an aquarium and watch how an octopus behaves in its tank. Which behavior did the octopus most likely learn from its aquarium environment?\nS. being more active at night\nW. catching food using its arms\nO. waiting to be fed at the aquarium door\nL. hiding behind rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3873}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_18", "question": "The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish", "choices": {"text": ["reproduce", "see", "breathe", "move"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish\nA. reproduce\nB. see\nC. breathe\nD. move\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish", "choices": {"text": ["see", "reproduce", "move", "breathe"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish\nA. see\nB. reproduce\nC. move\nD. breathe\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish", "choices": {"text": ["reproduce", "see", "breathe", "move"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish\n1. reproduce\n2. see\n3. breathe\n4. move\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish", "choices": {"text": ["reproduce", "see", "breathe", "move"], "label": ["S", "U", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish\nS. reproduce\nU. see\nC. breathe\nY. move\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish", "choices": {"text": ["see", "reproduce", "move", "breathe"], "label": ["S", "U", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: The main function of a fish's fins is to help the fish\nS. see\nU. reproduce\nC. move\nY. breathe\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3874}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7166950", "question": "Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?", "choices": {"text": ["the surface temperature", "the distance from Earth", "the distance from the Sun", "the gases that compose the star"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?\nA. the surface temperature\nB. the distance from Earth\nC. the distance from the Sun\nD. the gases that compose the star\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?", "choices": {"text": ["the distance from Earth", "the gases that compose the star", "the surface temperature", "the distance from the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?\nA. the distance from Earth\nB. the gases that compose the star\nC. the surface temperature\nD. the distance from the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?", "choices": {"text": ["the surface temperature", "the distance from Earth", "the distance from the Sun", "the gases that compose the star"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?\n1. the surface temperature\n2. the distance from Earth\n3. the distance from the Sun\n4. the gases that compose the star\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?", "choices": {"text": ["the surface temperature", "the distance from Earth", "the distance from the Sun", "the gases that compose the star"], "label": ["G", "K", "U", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?\nG. the surface temperature\nK. the distance from Earth\nU. the distance from the Sun\nT. the gases that compose the star\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?", "choices": {"text": ["the distance from Earth", "the gases that compose the star", "the surface temperature", "the distance from the Sun"], "label": ["G", "K", "U", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Stars appear to be blue, white, yellow, and red, even without the aid of a telescope. What causes the different colors of the stars?\nG. the distance from Earth\nK. the gases that compose the star\nU. the surface temperature\nT. the distance from the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3875}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400065", "question": "What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["air resistance", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?\nA. air resistance\nB. friction\nC. gravity\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "magnetism", "air resistance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?\nA. gravity\nB. friction\nC. magnetism\nD. air resistance\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["air resistance", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?\n1. air resistance\n2. friction\n3. gravity\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["air resistance", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["K", "P", "S", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?\nK. air resistance\nP. friction\nS. gravity\nY. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "magnetism", "air resistance"], "label": ["K", "P", "S", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?\nK. gravity\nP. friction\nS. magnetism\nY. air resistance\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3876}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2009_8_29", "question": "Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic", "elements", "compounds", "soluble in water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are\nA. magnetic\nB. elements\nC. compounds\nD. soluble in water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are", "choices": {"text": ["elements", "magnetic", "soluble in water", "compounds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are\nA. elements\nB. magnetic\nC. soluble in water\nD. compounds\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic", "elements", "compounds", "soluble in water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are\n1. magnetic\n2. elements\n3. compounds\n4. soluble in water\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic", "elements", "compounds", "soluble in water"], "label": ["E", "O", "G", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are\nE. magnetic\nO. elements\nG. compounds\nT. soluble in water\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are", "choices": {"text": ["elements", "magnetic", "soluble in water", "compounds"], "label": ["E", "O", "G", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Use the information below to answer the question. Cotton is a plant product used to make fabric. Cotton is made of cellulose, a fiber not digestible by humans. Cellulose is composed of many sugar molecules bonded together into long chains. Each sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When cotton fabric is washed, wrinkles often form. The clothing industry uses chemicals to manufacture some cotton fabrics that are wrinkle-free. Dyes are also added to color the cellulose fibers in cotton. A feature that is common to both cellulose and sugar is that both are\nE. elements\nO. magnetic\nG. soluble in water\nT. compounds\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3877}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_417461", "question": "Which animal is an example of an annelid?", "choices": {"text": ["an anteater", "a honey bee", "a sea star", "an earthworm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which animal is an example of an annelid?\nA. an anteater\nB. a honey bee\nC. a sea star\nD. an earthworm\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which animal is an example of an annelid?", "choices": {"text": ["a honey bee", "an anteater", "an earthworm", "a sea star"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which animal is an example of an annelid?\nA. a honey bee\nB. an anteater\nC. an earthworm\nD. a sea star\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which animal is an example of an annelid?", "choices": {"text": ["an anteater", "a honey bee", "a sea star", "an earthworm"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which animal is an example of an annelid?\n1. an anteater\n2. a honey bee\n3. a sea star\n4. an earthworm\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which animal is an example of an annelid?", "choices": {"text": ["an anteater", "a honey bee", "a sea star", "an earthworm"], "label": ["K", "W", "L", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which animal is an example of an annelid?\nK. an anteater\nW. a honey bee\nL. a sea star\nR. an earthworm\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which animal is an example of an annelid?", "choices": {"text": ["a honey bee", "an anteater", "an earthworm", "a sea star"], "label": ["K", "W", "L", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which animal is an example of an annelid?\nK. a honey bee\nW. an anteater\nL. an earthworm\nR. a sea star\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3878}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7271163", "question": "What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?", "choices": {"text": ["The information on the strand changes.", "The mass of the strand changes.", "The organism dies.", "The organism thrives."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?\nA. The information on the strand changes.\nB. The mass of the strand changes.\nC. The organism dies.\nD. The organism thrives.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?", "choices": {"text": ["The organism dies.", "The organism thrives.", "The mass of the strand changes.", "The information on the strand changes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?\nA. The organism dies.\nB. The organism thrives.\nC. The mass of the strand changes.\nD. The information on the strand changes.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?", "choices": {"text": ["The information on the strand changes.", "The mass of the strand changes.", "The organism dies.", "The organism thrives."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?\n1. The information on the strand changes.\n2. The mass of the strand changes.\n3. The organism dies.\n4. The organism thrives.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?", "choices": {"text": ["The information on the strand changes.", "The mass of the strand changes.", "The organism dies.", "The organism thrives."], "label": ["J", "T", "A", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?\nJ. The information on the strand changes.\nT. The mass of the strand changes.\nA. The organism dies.\nU. The organism thrives.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?", "choices": {"text": ["The organism dies.", "The organism thrives.", "The mass of the strand changes.", "The information on the strand changes."], "label": ["J", "T", "A", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: What ALWAYS happens when the nucleotides in a strand of DNA is rearranged?\nJ. The organism dies.\nT. The organism thrives.\nA. The mass of the strand changes.\nU. The information on the strand changes.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3879}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7139720", "question": "The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?", "choices": {"text": ["normal faulting", "seafloor spreading", "igneous intrusions", "convection currents"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?\nA. normal faulting\nB. seafloor spreading\nC. igneous intrusions\nD. convection currents\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?", "choices": {"text": ["normal faulting", "convection currents", "seafloor spreading", "igneous intrusions"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?\nA. normal faulting\nB. convection currents\nC. seafloor spreading\nD. igneous intrusions\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?", "choices": {"text": ["normal faulting", "seafloor spreading", "igneous intrusions", "convection currents"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?\n1. normal faulting\n2. seafloor spreading\n3. igneous intrusions\n4. convection currents\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?", "choices": {"text": ["normal faulting", "seafloor spreading", "igneous intrusions", "convection currents"], "label": ["D", "M", "S", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?\nD. normal faulting\nM. seafloor spreading\nS. igneous intrusions\nV. convection currents\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?", "choices": {"text": ["normal faulting", "convection currents", "seafloor spreading", "igneous intrusions"], "label": ["D", "M", "S", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The surface of Earth is composed of large tectonic plates that are constantly shifting as they float on top of molten rock. Which process must occur in the mantle to make the plates move?\nD. normal faulting\nM. convection currents\nS. seafloor spreading\nV. igneous intrusions\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3880}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400256", "question": "Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?", "choices": {"text": ["pen, paper, and a computer", "scissors, forceps, and a scalpel", "petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner", "glass slides, dye, and a light microscope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?\nA. pen, paper, and a computer\nB. scissors, forceps, and a scalpel\nC. petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner\nD. glass slides, dye, and a light microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?", "choices": {"text": ["scissors, forceps, and a scalpel", "petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner", "glass slides, dye, and a light microscope", "pen, paper, and a computer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?\nA. scissors, forceps, and a scalpel\nB. petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner\nC. glass slides, dye, and a light microscope\nD. pen, paper, and a computer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?", "choices": {"text": ["pen, paper, and a computer", "scissors, forceps, and a scalpel", "petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner", "glass slides, dye, and a light microscope"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?\n1. pen, paper, and a computer\n2. scissors, forceps, and a scalpel\n3. petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner\n4. glass slides, dye, and a light microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?", "choices": {"text": ["pen, paper, and a computer", "scissors, forceps, and a scalpel", "petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner", "glass slides, dye, and a light microscope"], "label": ["R", "I", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?\nR. pen, paper, and a computer\nI. scissors, forceps, and a scalpel\nH. petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner\nZ. glass slides, dye, and a light microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?", "choices": {"text": ["scissors, forceps, and a scalpel", "petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner", "glass slides, dye, and a light microscope", "pen, paper, and a computer"], "label": ["R", "I", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which set of tools would be best to use for dissecting in a biology lab?\nR. scissors, forceps, and a scalpel\nI. petri dish, flask, and a Bunsen burner\nH. glass slides, dye, and a light microscope\nZ. pen, paper, and a computer\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3881}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10618", "question": "Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["a planet", "a constellation", "a meteor", "a star"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?\nA. a planet\nB. a constellation\nC. a meteor\nD. a star\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["a meteor", "a planet", "a star", "a constellation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?\nA. a meteor\nB. a planet\nC. a star\nD. a constellation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["a planet", "a constellation", "a meteor", "a star"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?\n1. a planet\n2. a constellation\n3. a meteor\n4. a star\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["a planet", "a constellation", "a meteor", "a star"], "label": ["C", "N", "T", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?\nC. a planet\nN. a constellation\nT. a meteor\nJ. a star\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["a meteor", "a planet", "a star", "a constellation"], "label": ["C", "N", "T", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these moves in a regular path around the Sun?\nC. a meteor\nN. a planet\nT. a star\nJ. a constellation\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3882}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_8_39", "question": "Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["similar physical features", "low mutation rate", "small population", "genetic diversity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?\nA. similar physical features\nB. low mutation rate\nC. small population\nD. genetic diversity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic diversity", "low mutation rate", "small population", "similar physical features"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?\nA. genetic diversity\nB. low mutation rate\nC. small population\nD. similar physical features\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["similar physical features", "low mutation rate", "small population", "genetic diversity"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?\n1. similar physical features\n2. low mutation rate\n3. small population\n4. genetic diversity\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["similar physical features", "low mutation rate", "small population", "genetic diversity"], "label": ["I", "E", "Q", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?\nI. similar physical features\nE. low mutation rate\nQ. small population\nP. genetic diversity\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic diversity", "low mutation rate", "small population", "similar physical features"], "label": ["I", "E", "Q", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which would best allow a species to survive environmental changes?\nI. genetic diversity\nE. low mutation rate\nQ. small population\nP. similar physical features\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3883}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400603", "question": "An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called", "choices": {"text": ["a closed circuit.", "an open circuit.", "a filament.", "a battery."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called\nA. a closed circuit.\nB. an open circuit.\nC. a filament.\nD. a battery.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called", "choices": {"text": ["a filament.", "a closed circuit.", "an open circuit.", "a battery."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called\nA. a filament.\nB. a closed circuit.\nC. an open circuit.\nD. a battery.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called", "choices": {"text": ["a closed circuit.", "an open circuit.", "a filament.", "a battery."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called\n1. a closed circuit.\n2. an open circuit.\n3. a filament.\n4. a battery.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called", "choices": {"text": ["a closed circuit.", "an open circuit.", "a filament.", "a battery."], "label": ["D", "Y", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called\nD. a closed circuit.\nY. an open circuit.\nS. a filament.\nR. a battery.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called", "choices": {"text": ["a filament.", "a closed circuit.", "an open circuit.", "a battery."], "label": ["D", "Y", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: An electrical component that has a continuous path for electrons to flow is called\nD. a filament.\nY. a closed circuit.\nS. an open circuit.\nR. a battery.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3884}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7174003", "question": "In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?", "choices": {"text": ["trenches", "volcanoes", "island arcs", "mid-ocean ridges"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?\nA. trenches\nB. volcanoes\nC. island arcs\nD. mid-ocean ridges\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?", "choices": {"text": ["trenches", "mid-ocean ridges", "volcanoes", "island arcs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?\nA. trenches\nB. mid-ocean ridges\nC. volcanoes\nD. island arcs\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?", "choices": {"text": ["trenches", "volcanoes", "island arcs", "mid-ocean ridges"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?\n1. trenches\n2. volcanoes\n3. island arcs\n4. mid-ocean ridges\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?", "choices": {"text": ["trenches", "volcanoes", "island arcs", "mid-ocean ridges"], "label": ["U", "D", "A", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?\nU. trenches\nD. volcanoes\nA. island arcs\nL. mid-ocean ridges\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?", "choices": {"text": ["trenches", "mid-ocean ridges", "volcanoes", "island arcs"], "label": ["U", "D", "A", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: In certain areas, tectonic plates move over hot spots. Which landforms are most likely associated with these hot spots?\nU. trenches\nD. mid-ocean ridges\nA. volcanoes\nL. island arcs\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3885}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401629", "question": "Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?", "choices": {"text": ["hot plate and stopwatch", "thermometer and balance", "hot plate and thermometer", "balance and graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?\nA. hot plate and stopwatch\nB. thermometer and balance\nC. hot plate and thermometer\nD. balance and graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?", "choices": {"text": ["balance and graduated cylinder", "thermometer and balance", "hot plate and stopwatch", "hot plate and thermometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?\nA. balance and graduated cylinder\nB. thermometer and balance\nC. hot plate and stopwatch\nD. hot plate and thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?", "choices": {"text": ["hot plate and stopwatch", "thermometer and balance", "hot plate and thermometer", "balance and graduated cylinder"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?\n1. hot plate and stopwatch\n2. thermometer and balance\n3. hot plate and thermometer\n4. balance and graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?", "choices": {"text": ["hot plate and stopwatch", "thermometer and balance", "hot plate and thermometer", "balance and graduated cylinder"], "label": ["C", "D", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?\nC. hot plate and stopwatch\nD. thermometer and balance\nN. hot plate and thermometer\nI. balance and graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?", "choices": {"text": ["balance and graduated cylinder", "thermometer and balance", "hot plate and stopwatch", "hot plate and thermometer"], "label": ["C", "D", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are used to determine the boiling point of water?\nC. balance and graduated cylinder\nD. thermometer and balance\nN. hot plate and stopwatch\nI. hot plate and thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3886}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7037345", "question": "A substance that carries sound waves is called", "choices": {"text": ["a fulcrum.", "a medium.", "a spectrum.", "an equilibrium."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A substance that carries sound waves is called\nA. a fulcrum.\nB. a medium.\nC. a spectrum.\nD. an equilibrium.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A substance that carries sound waves is called", "choices": {"text": ["an equilibrium.", "a fulcrum.", "a medium.", "a spectrum."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A substance that carries sound waves is called\nA. an equilibrium.\nB. a fulcrum.\nC. a medium.\nD. a spectrum.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A substance that carries sound waves is called", "choices": {"text": ["a fulcrum.", "a medium.", "a spectrum.", "an equilibrium."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A substance that carries sound waves is called\n1. a fulcrum.\n2. a medium.\n3. a spectrum.\n4. an equilibrium.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A substance that carries sound waves is called", "choices": {"text": ["a fulcrum.", "a medium.", "a spectrum.", "an equilibrium."], "label": ["M", "L", "O", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A substance that carries sound waves is called\nM. a fulcrum.\nL. a medium.\nO. a spectrum.\nQ. an equilibrium.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A substance that carries sound waves is called", "choices": {"text": ["an equilibrium.", "a fulcrum.", "a medium.", "a spectrum."], "label": ["M", "L", "O", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A substance that carries sound waves is called\nM. an equilibrium.\nL. a fulcrum.\nO. a medium.\nQ. a spectrum.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3887}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_4_12", "question": "Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "electricity", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?\nA. friction\nB. electricity\nC. gravity\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "magnetism", "friction", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?\nA. electricity\nB. magnetism\nC. friction\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "electricity", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?\n1. friction\n2. electricity\n3. gravity\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "electricity", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["J", "T", "Q", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?\nJ. friction\nT. electricity\nQ. gravity\nB. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "magnetism", "friction", "gravity"], "label": ["J", "T", "Q", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which force causes a bicycle to slow down when the brakes are used?\nJ. electricity\nT. magnetism\nQ. friction\nB. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3888}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7112805", "question": "The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?", "choices": {"text": ["changes in the environment", "diseases causing illness", "changes in the weather", "predator animals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?\nA. changes in the environment\nB. diseases causing illness\nC. changes in the weather\nD. predator animals\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?", "choices": {"text": ["predator animals", "changes in the environment", "diseases causing illness", "changes in the weather"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?\nA. predator animals\nB. changes in the environment\nC. diseases causing illness\nD. changes in the weather\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?", "choices": {"text": ["changes in the environment", "diseases causing illness", "changes in the weather", "predator animals"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?\n1. changes in the environment\n2. diseases causing illness\n3. changes in the weather\n4. predator animals\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?", "choices": {"text": ["changes in the environment", "diseases causing illness", "changes in the weather", "predator animals"], "label": ["U", "M", "X", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?\nU. changes in the environment\nM. diseases causing illness\nX. changes in the weather\nZ. predator animals\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?", "choices": {"text": ["predator animals", "changes in the environment", "diseases causing illness", "changes in the weather"], "label": ["U", "M", "X", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The ichthyornis was a type of bird that lived over 65 million years ago. It lived near the sea and hunted for fish over the water. Fossils have been found in Kansas, many miles from the present-day ocean. Which cause of extinction is most likely to be found in the fossil record along with ichthyornis fossils?\nU. predator animals\nM. changes in the environment\nX. diseases causing illness\nZ. changes in the weather\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3889}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405482", "question": "Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?", "choices": {"text": ["It helps male birds find a mate.", "It helps the birds find food more easily.", "It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.", "It helps the birds find the flock when migrating."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?\nA. It helps male birds find a mate.\nB. It helps the birds find food more easily.\nC. It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.\nD. It helps the birds find the flock when migrating.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?", "choices": {"text": ["It helps the birds find food more easily.", "It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.", "It helps male birds find a mate.", "It helps the birds find the flock when migrating."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?\nA. It helps the birds find food more easily.\nB. It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.\nC. It helps male birds find a mate.\nD. It helps the birds find the flock when migrating.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?", "choices": {"text": ["It helps male birds find a mate.", "It helps the birds find food more easily.", "It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.", "It helps the birds find the flock when migrating."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?\n1. It helps male birds find a mate.\n2. It helps the birds find food more easily.\n3. It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.\n4. It helps the birds find the flock when migrating.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?", "choices": {"text": ["It helps male birds find a mate.", "It helps the birds find food more easily.", "It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.", "It helps the birds find the flock when migrating."], "label": ["U", "R", "K", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?\nU. It helps male birds find a mate.\nR. It helps the birds find food more easily.\nK. It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.\nD. It helps the birds find the flock when migrating.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?", "choices": {"text": ["It helps the birds find food more easily.", "It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.", "It helps male birds find a mate.", "It helps the birds find the flock when migrating."], "label": ["U", "R", "K", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Indigo buntings are birds that nest in Florida during the summer. Male buntings are bright blue in color while females are a dull brown. How does the dull brown color of the female buntings help the species survive?\nU. It helps the birds find food more easily.\nR. It helps hide the birds while they sit on their nests.\nK. It helps male birds find a mate.\nD. It helps the birds find the flock when migrating.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3890}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg81", "question": "Which of these things will dissolve in water?", "choices": {"text": ["iron filings", "wood chips", "sand", "sugar"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these things will dissolve in water?\nA. iron filings\nB. wood chips\nC. sand\nD. sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these things will dissolve in water?", "choices": {"text": ["iron filings", "sugar", "sand", "wood chips"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these things will dissolve in water?\nA. iron filings\nB. sugar\nC. sand\nD. wood chips\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these things will dissolve in water?", "choices": {"text": ["iron filings", "wood chips", "sand", "sugar"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these things will dissolve in water?\n1. iron filings\n2. wood chips\n3. sand\n4. sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these things will dissolve in water?", "choices": {"text": ["iron filings", "wood chips", "sand", "sugar"], "label": ["M", "E", "O", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these things will dissolve in water?\nM. iron filings\nE. wood chips\nO. sand\nQ. sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these things will dissolve in water?", "choices": {"text": ["iron filings", "sugar", "sand", "wood chips"], "label": ["M", "E", "O", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these things will dissolve in water?\nM. iron filings\nE. sugar\nO. sand\nQ. wood chips\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3891}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2011_8_33", "question": "Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["the formation of bubbles", "a reduction in total mass", "the disappearance of atoms", "an increase in the number of atoms"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?\nA. the formation of bubbles\nB. a reduction in total mass\nC. the disappearance of atoms\nD. an increase in the number of atoms\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["the disappearance of atoms", "an increase in the number of atoms", "the formation of bubbles", "a reduction in total mass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?\nA. the disappearance of atoms\nB. an increase in the number of atoms\nC. the formation of bubbles\nD. a reduction in total mass\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["the formation of bubbles", "a reduction in total mass", "the disappearance of atoms", "an increase in the number of atoms"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?\n1. the formation of bubbles\n2. a reduction in total mass\n3. the disappearance of atoms\n4. an increase in the number of atoms\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["the formation of bubbles", "a reduction in total mass", "the disappearance of atoms", "an increase in the number of atoms"], "label": ["K", "G", "N", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?\nK. the formation of bubbles\nG. a reduction in total mass\nN. the disappearance of atoms\nW. an increase in the number of atoms\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?", "choices": {"text": ["the disappearance of atoms", "an increase in the number of atoms", "the formation of bubbles", "a reduction in total mass"], "label": ["K", "G", "N", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students combined baking soda and vinegar to demonstrate a chemical reaction. What indicates that a chemical reaction occurred?\nK. the disappearance of atoms\nG. an increase in the number of atoms\nN. the formation of bubbles\nW. a reduction in total mass\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3892}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7137130", "question": "The loudness of sound can be changed by", "choices": {"text": ["decreasing the pitch.", "increasing the frequency.", "increasing the amplitude.", "decreasing the wavelength."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The loudness of sound can be changed by\nA. decreasing the pitch.\nB. increasing the frequency.\nC. increasing the amplitude.\nD. decreasing the wavelength.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The loudness of sound can be changed by", "choices": {"text": ["decreasing the pitch.", "increasing the amplitude.", "decreasing the wavelength.", "increasing the frequency."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The loudness of sound can be changed by\nA. decreasing the pitch.\nB. increasing the amplitude.\nC. decreasing the wavelength.\nD. increasing the frequency.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The loudness of sound can be changed by", "choices": {"text": ["decreasing the pitch.", "increasing the frequency.", "increasing the amplitude.", "decreasing the wavelength."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The loudness of sound can be changed by\n1. decreasing the pitch.\n2. increasing the frequency.\n3. increasing the amplitude.\n4. decreasing the wavelength.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The loudness of sound can be changed by", "choices": {"text": ["decreasing the pitch.", "increasing the frequency.", "increasing the amplitude.", "decreasing the wavelength."], "label": ["N", "K", "E", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: The loudness of sound can be changed by\nN. decreasing the pitch.\nK. increasing the frequency.\nE. increasing the amplitude.\nR. decreasing the wavelength.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The loudness of sound can be changed by", "choices": {"text": ["decreasing the pitch.", "increasing the amplitude.", "decreasing the wavelength.", "increasing the frequency."], "label": ["N", "K", "E", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: The loudness of sound can be changed by\nN. decreasing the pitch.\nK. increasing the amplitude.\nE. decreasing the wavelength.\nR. increasing the frequency.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3893}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2007_7_26", "question": "A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?", "choices": {"text": ["Return the mineral to its box.", "Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.", "Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.", "Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?\nA. Return the mineral to its box.\nB. Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.\nC. Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.\nD. Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?", "choices": {"text": ["Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up.", "Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.", "Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.", "Return the mineral to its box."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?\nA. Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up.\nB. Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.\nC. Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.\nD. Return the mineral to its box.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?", "choices": {"text": ["Return the mineral to its box.", "Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.", "Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.", "Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?\n1. Return the mineral to its box.\n2. Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.\n3. Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.\n4. Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?", "choices": {"text": ["Return the mineral to its box.", "Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.", "Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.", "Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up."], "label": ["J", "N", "T", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?\nJ. Return the mineral to its box.\nN. Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.\nT. Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.\nS. Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?", "choices": {"text": ["Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up.", "Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.", "Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.", "Return the mineral to its box."], "label": ["J", "N", "T", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A mineral sample is obtained from a box, and acid is dropped on the sample to determine if it bubbles. Which best describes what should be done with the mineral after testing it?\nJ. Put the mineral in the sink and leave it for the teacher to clean up.\nN. Wipe the mineral with a paper towel and return it to the box.\nT. Rinse the mineral with water, dry it, and return it to the box.\nS. Return the mineral to its box.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3894}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_413135", "question": "At what temperature does water begin to boil?", "choices": {"text": ["0°C", "32°C", "100°C", "212°C"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At what temperature does water begin to boil?\nA. 0°C\nB. 32°C\nC. 100°C\nD. 212°C\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "At what temperature does water begin to boil?", "choices": {"text": ["100°C", "0°C", "32°C", "212°C"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At what temperature does water begin to boil?\nA. 100°C\nB. 0°C\nC. 32°C\nD. 212°C\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "At what temperature does water begin to boil?", "choices": {"text": ["0°C", "32°C", "100°C", "212°C"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: At what temperature does water begin to boil?\n1. 0°C\n2. 32°C\n3. 100°C\n4. 212°C\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At what temperature does water begin to boil?", "choices": {"text": ["0°C", "32°C", "100°C", "212°C"], "label": ["I", "Y", "Z", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: At what temperature does water begin to boil?\nI. 0°C\nY. 32°C\nZ. 100°C\nE. 212°C\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At what temperature does water begin to boil?", "choices": {"text": ["100°C", "0°C", "32°C", "212°C"], "label": ["I", "Y", "Z", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: At what temperature does water begin to boil?\nI. 100°C\nY. 0°C\nZ. 32°C\nE. 212°C\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3895}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_409065", "question": "Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?", "choices": {"text": ["It was lost as potential energy.", "It was lost as chemical energy.", "It was converted to thermal energy.", "It was converted to magnetic energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?\nA. It was lost as potential energy.\nB. It was lost as chemical energy.\nC. It was converted to thermal energy.\nD. It was converted to magnetic energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?", "choices": {"text": ["It was converted to magnetic energy.", "It was lost as potential energy.", "It was lost as chemical energy.", "It was converted to thermal energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?\nA. It was converted to magnetic energy.\nB. It was lost as potential energy.\nC. It was lost as chemical energy.\nD. It was converted to thermal energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?", "choices": {"text": ["It was lost as potential energy.", "It was lost as chemical energy.", "It was converted to thermal energy.", "It was converted to magnetic energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?\n1. It was lost as potential energy.\n2. It was lost as chemical energy.\n3. It was converted to thermal energy.\n4. It was converted to magnetic energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?", "choices": {"text": ["It was lost as potential energy.", "It was lost as chemical energy.", "It was converted to thermal energy.", "It was converted to magnetic energy."], "label": ["G", "O", "U", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?\nG. It was lost as potential energy.\nO. It was lost as chemical energy.\nU. It was converted to thermal energy.\nB. It was converted to magnetic energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?", "choices": {"text": ["It was converted to magnetic energy.", "It was lost as potential energy.", "It was lost as chemical energy.", "It was converted to thermal energy."], "label": ["G", "O", "U", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Rosa and Ted ate granola bars before competing in a swimming competition. Less than 50% of the chemical energy in the granola bars was converted to mechanical energy during the swim competition. If all the energy in the granola bars was used, which most likely happened to the rest of the energy?\nG. It was converted to magnetic energy.\nO. It was lost as potential energy.\nU. It was lost as chemical energy.\nB. It was converted to thermal energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3896}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7230598", "question": "What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["geothermal heating", "planetary rotation", "solar heating", "lunar tidal forces"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?\nA. geothermal heating\nB. planetary rotation\nC. solar heating\nD. lunar tidal forces\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["geothermal heating", "planetary rotation", "lunar tidal forces", "solar heating"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?\nA. geothermal heating\nB. planetary rotation\nC. lunar tidal forces\nD. solar heating\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["geothermal heating", "planetary rotation", "solar heating", "lunar tidal forces"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?\n1. geothermal heating\n2. planetary rotation\n3. solar heating\n4. lunar tidal forces\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["geothermal heating", "planetary rotation", "solar heating", "lunar tidal forces"], "label": ["O", "D", "E", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?\nO. geothermal heating\nD. planetary rotation\nE. solar heating\nN. lunar tidal forces\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["geothermal heating", "planetary rotation", "lunar tidal forces", "solar heating"], "label": ["O", "D", "E", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary energy source driving circulation of ocean currents on Earth?\nO. geothermal heating\nD. planetary rotation\nE. lunar tidal forces\nN. solar heating\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3897}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7131023", "question": "Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?", "choices": {"text": ["A high pressure area develops.", "The sea level rises on the coast.", "The winds start to spin clockwise.", "The supply of warm, moist air decreases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?\nA. A high pressure area develops.\nB. The sea level rises on the coast.\nC. The winds start to spin clockwise.\nD. The supply of warm, moist air decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?", "choices": {"text": ["The supply of warm, moist air decreases.", "A high pressure area develops.", "The winds start to spin clockwise.", "The sea level rises on the coast."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?\nA. The supply of warm, moist air decreases.\nB. A high pressure area develops.\nC. The winds start to spin clockwise.\nD. The sea level rises on the coast.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?", "choices": {"text": ["A high pressure area develops.", "The sea level rises on the coast.", "The winds start to spin clockwise.", "The supply of warm, moist air decreases."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?\n1. A high pressure area develops.\n2. The sea level rises on the coast.\n3. The winds start to spin clockwise.\n4. The supply of warm, moist air decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?", "choices": {"text": ["A high pressure area develops.", "The sea level rises on the coast.", "The winds start to spin clockwise.", "The supply of warm, moist air decreases."], "label": ["W", "K", "H", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?\nW. A high pressure area develops.\nK. The sea level rises on the coast.\nH. The winds start to spin clockwise.\nX. The supply of warm, moist air decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?", "choices": {"text": ["The supply of warm, moist air decreases.", "A high pressure area develops.", "The winds start to spin clockwise.", "The sea level rises on the coast."], "label": ["W", "K", "H", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?\nW. The supply of warm, moist air decreases.\nK. A high pressure area develops.\nH. The winds start to spin clockwise.\nX. The sea level rises on the coast.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3898}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_8_48", "question": "n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Genes control inherited traits in organisms.", "Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.", "Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.", "Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?\nA. Genes control inherited traits in organisms.\nB. Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.\nC. Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.\nD. Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.", "Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.", "Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.", "Genes control inherited traits in organisms."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?\nA. Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.\nB. Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.\nC. Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.\nD. Genes control inherited traits in organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Genes control inherited traits in organisms.", "Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.", "Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.", "Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?\n1. Genes control inherited traits in organisms.\n2. Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.\n3. Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.\n4. Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Genes control inherited traits in organisms.", "Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.", "Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.", "Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations."], "label": ["M", "H", "Y", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?\nM. Genes control inherited traits in organisms.\nH. Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.\nY. Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.\nK. Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.", "Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.", "Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.", "Genes control inherited traits in organisms."], "label": ["M", "H", "Y", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: n 1931, Barbara McClintock discovered that genes could change position on a chromosome. In corn plants, if a certain gene was moved next to the gene that controls kernel color, the kernels in an ear of corn were various colors. Which statement best supports McClintock's discovery?\nM. Genes are able to disappear and reappear in later generations.\nH. Corn plants can reproduce in laboratory environments.\nY. Chromosomes can move around in the nucleus of a cell.\nK. Genes control inherited traits in organisms.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3899}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7085558", "question": "The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as", "choices": {"text": ["luster.", "streak.", "cleavage.", "hardness."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as\nA. luster.\nB. streak.\nC. cleavage.\nD. hardness.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as", "choices": {"text": ["cleavage.", "hardness.", "streak.", "luster."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as\nA. cleavage.\nB. hardness.\nC. streak.\nD. luster.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as", "choices": {"text": ["luster.", "streak.", "cleavage.", "hardness."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as\n1. luster.\n2. streak.\n3. cleavage.\n4. hardness.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as", "choices": {"text": ["luster.", "streak.", "cleavage.", "hardness."], "label": ["S", "M", "U", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as\nS. luster.\nM. streak.\nU. cleavage.\nE. hardness.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as", "choices": {"text": ["cleavage.", "hardness.", "streak.", "luster."], "label": ["S", "M", "U", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: The breaking of a mineral into small, flat sheets is known as\nS. cleavage.\nM. hardness.\nU. streak.\nE. luster.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3900}
{"arc_id": "CSZ20228", "question": "Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["the deserts", "the South Pole", "the equator", "the Western Hemisphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?\nA. the deserts\nB. the South Pole\nC. the equator\nD. the Western Hemisphere\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["the equator", "the deserts", "the Western Hemisphere", "the South Pole"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?\nA. the equator\nB. the deserts\nC. the Western Hemisphere\nD. the South Pole\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["the deserts", "the South Pole", "the equator", "the Western Hemisphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?\n1. the deserts\n2. the South Pole\n3. the equator\n4. the Western Hemisphere\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["the deserts", "the South Pole", "the equator", "the Western Hemisphere"], "label": ["Q", "N", "U", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?\nQ. the deserts\nN. the South Pole\nU. the equator\nD. the Western Hemisphere\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["the equator", "the deserts", "the Western Hemisphere", "the South Pole"], "label": ["Q", "N", "U", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which location on Earth receives the most direct sunlight?\nQ. the equator\nN. the deserts\nU. the Western Hemisphere\nD. the South Pole\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3901}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7250005", "question": "All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?", "choices": {"text": ["aerobic respiration", "sexual reproduction", "protein production", "nitrogen fixation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?\nA. aerobic respiration\nB. sexual reproduction\nC. protein production\nD. nitrogen fixation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?", "choices": {"text": ["sexual reproduction", "protein production", "nitrogen fixation", "aerobic respiration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?\nA. sexual reproduction\nB. protein production\nC. nitrogen fixation\nD. aerobic respiration\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?", "choices": {"text": ["aerobic respiration", "sexual reproduction", "protein production", "nitrogen fixation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?\n1. aerobic respiration\n2. sexual reproduction\n3. protein production\n4. nitrogen fixation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?", "choices": {"text": ["aerobic respiration", "sexual reproduction", "protein production", "nitrogen fixation"], "label": ["X", "E", "Y", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?\nX. aerobic respiration\nE. sexual reproduction\nY. protein production\nI. nitrogen fixation\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?", "choices": {"text": ["sexual reproduction", "protein production", "nitrogen fixation", "aerobic respiration"], "label": ["X", "E", "Y", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Which function is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?\nX. sexual reproduction\nE. protein production\nY. nitrogen fixation\nI. aerobic respiration\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3902}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408039", "question": "Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "spring", "summer", "winter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?\nA. fall\nB. spring\nC. summer\nD. winter\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["winter", "spring", "fall", "summer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?\nA. winter\nB. spring\nC. fall\nD. summer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "spring", "summer", "winter"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?\n1. fall\n2. spring\n3. summer\n4. winter\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "spring", "summer", "winter"], "label": ["T", "W", "H", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?\nT. fall\nW. spring\nH. summer\nE. winter\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["winter", "spring", "fall", "summer"], "label": ["T", "W", "H", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jamal lives in the Northern Hemisphere. Which season is it when the Northern Hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun?\nT. winter\nW. spring\nH. fall\nE. summer\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3903}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2006_4_10275", "question": "What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?", "choices": {"text": ["Chemical energy changes to light energy.", "Chemical energy changes to heat energy.", "Electrical energy changes to light energy.", "Electrical energy changes to chemical energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?\nA. Chemical energy changes to light energy.\nB. Chemical energy changes to heat energy.\nC. Electrical energy changes to light energy.\nD. Electrical energy changes to chemical energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?", "choices": {"text": ["Electrical energy changes to light energy.", "Electrical energy changes to chemical energy.", "Chemical energy changes to light energy.", "Chemical energy changes to heat energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?\nA. Electrical energy changes to light energy.\nB. Electrical energy changes to chemical energy.\nC. Chemical energy changes to light energy.\nD. Chemical energy changes to heat energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?", "choices": {"text": ["Chemical energy changes to light energy.", "Chemical energy changes to heat energy.", "Electrical energy changes to light energy.", "Electrical energy changes to chemical energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?\n1. Chemical energy changes to light energy.\n2. Chemical energy changes to heat energy.\n3. Electrical energy changes to light energy.\n4. Electrical energy changes to chemical energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?", "choices": {"text": ["Chemical energy changes to light energy.", "Chemical energy changes to heat energy.", "Electrical energy changes to light energy.", "Electrical energy changes to chemical energy."], "label": ["Y", "H", "V", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?\nY. Chemical energy changes to light energy.\nH. Chemical energy changes to heat energy.\nV. Electrical energy changes to light energy.\nZ. Electrical energy changes to chemical energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?", "choices": {"text": ["Electrical energy changes to light energy.", "Electrical energy changes to chemical energy.", "Chemical energy changes to light energy.", "Chemical energy changes to heat energy."], "label": ["Y", "H", "V", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is an energy change that takes place in a light bulb?\nY. Electrical energy changes to light energy.\nH. Electrical energy changes to chemical energy.\nV. Chemical energy changes to light energy.\nZ. Chemical energy changes to heat energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3904}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_5_8", "question": "When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["heat energy", "light energy", "mechanical energy", "sound energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?\nA. heat energy\nB. light energy\nC. mechanical energy\nD. sound energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy", "heat energy", "light energy", "sound energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?\nA. mechanical energy\nB. heat energy\nC. light energy\nD. sound energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["heat energy", "light energy", "mechanical energy", "sound energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?\n1. heat energy\n2. light energy\n3. mechanical energy\n4. sound energy\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["heat energy", "light energy", "mechanical energy", "sound energy"], "label": ["B", "M", "I", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?\nB. heat energy\nM. light energy\nI. mechanical energy\nA. sound energy\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy", "heat energy", "light energy", "sound energy"], "label": ["B", "M", "I", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?\nB. mechanical energy\nM. heat energy\nI. light energy\nA. sound energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3905}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_401643", "question": "Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["the amount of water it absorbs", "the length of its spines", "the type of organism that pollinates its flowers", "the number of organisms that consume its fruit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?\nA. the amount of water it absorbs\nB. the length of its spines\nC. the type of organism that pollinates its flowers\nD. the number of organisms that consume its fruit\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["the amount of water it absorbs", "the type of organism that pollinates its flowers", "the number of organisms that consume its fruit", "the length of its spines"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?\nA. the amount of water it absorbs\nB. the type of organism that pollinates its flowers\nC. the number of organisms that consume its fruit\nD. the length of its spines\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["the amount of water it absorbs", "the length of its spines", "the type of organism that pollinates its flowers", "the number of organisms that consume its fruit"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?\n1. the amount of water it absorbs\n2. the length of its spines\n3. the type of organism that pollinates its flowers\n4. the number of organisms that consume its fruit\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["the amount of water it absorbs", "the length of its spines", "the type of organism that pollinates its flowers", "the number of organisms that consume its fruit"], "label": ["M", "B", "U", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?\nM. the amount of water it absorbs\nB. the length of its spines\nU. the type of organism that pollinates its flowers\nA. the number of organisms that consume its fruit\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["the amount of water it absorbs", "the type of organism that pollinates its flowers", "the number of organisms that consume its fruit", "the length of its spines"], "label": ["M", "B", "U", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait does a cactus seedling inherit from its parents?\nM. the amount of water it absorbs\nB. the type of organism that pollinates its flowers\nU. the number of organisms that consume its fruit\nA. the length of its spines\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3906}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_8_2015_4", "question": "The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed of the particles decreases.", "The particles begin to move in a straight line.", "The particles begin to move with a greater force.", "The motion of the particles becomes more random."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?\nA. The speed of the particles decreases.\nB. The particles begin to move in a straight line.\nC. The particles begin to move with a greater force.\nD. The motion of the particles becomes more random.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?", "choices": {"text": ["The particles begin to move in a straight line.", "The motion of the particles becomes more random.", "The speed of the particles decreases.", "The particles begin to move with a greater force."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?\nA. The particles begin to move in a straight line.\nB. The motion of the particles becomes more random.\nC. The speed of the particles decreases.\nD. The particles begin to move with a greater force.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed of the particles decreases.", "The particles begin to move in a straight line.", "The particles begin to move with a greater force.", "The motion of the particles becomes more random."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?\n1. The speed of the particles decreases.\n2. The particles begin to move in a straight line.\n3. The particles begin to move with a greater force.\n4. The motion of the particles becomes more random.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed of the particles decreases.", "The particles begin to move in a straight line.", "The particles begin to move with a greater force.", "The motion of the particles becomes more random."], "label": ["B", "V", "U", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?\nB. The speed of the particles decreases.\nV. The particles begin to move in a straight line.\nU. The particles begin to move with a greater force.\nY. The motion of the particles becomes more random.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?", "choices": {"text": ["The particles begin to move in a straight line.", "The motion of the particles becomes more random.", "The speed of the particles decreases.", "The particles begin to move with a greater force."], "label": ["B", "V", "U", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: The freezing point of nitrous oxide is -91°C. Which of the following statements best describes the effect on the particles in liquid nitrous oxide as its temperature is lowered to -91°C?\nB. The particles begin to move in a straight line.\nV. The motion of the particles becomes more random.\nU. The speed of the particles decreases.\nY. The particles begin to move with a greater force.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3907}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_186568", "question": "Which of the following will absorb heat energy?", "choices": {"text": ["two sticks being rubbed together", "a piece of wood burning", "steel wool rusting", "ice cubes melting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following will absorb heat energy?\nA. two sticks being rubbed together\nB. a piece of wood burning\nC. steel wool rusting\nD. ice cubes melting\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following will absorb heat energy?", "choices": {"text": ["steel wool rusting", "a piece of wood burning", "ice cubes melting", "two sticks being rubbed together"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following will absorb heat energy?\nA. steel wool rusting\nB. a piece of wood burning\nC. ice cubes melting\nD. two sticks being rubbed together\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following will absorb heat energy?", "choices": {"text": ["two sticks being rubbed together", "a piece of wood burning", "steel wool rusting", "ice cubes melting"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following will absorb heat energy?\n1. two sticks being rubbed together\n2. a piece of wood burning\n3. steel wool rusting\n4. ice cubes melting\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following will absorb heat energy?", "choices": {"text": ["two sticks being rubbed together", "a piece of wood burning", "steel wool rusting", "ice cubes melting"], "label": ["C", "V", "S", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following will absorb heat energy?\nC. two sticks being rubbed together\nV. a piece of wood burning\nS. steel wool rusting\nK. ice cubes melting\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following will absorb heat energy?", "choices": {"text": ["steel wool rusting", "a piece of wood burning", "ice cubes melting", "two sticks being rubbed together"], "label": ["C", "V", "S", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following will absorb heat energy?\nC. steel wool rusting\nV. a piece of wood burning\nS. ice cubes melting\nK. two sticks being rubbed together\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3908}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_4_16", "question": "Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?", "choices": {"text": ["watching television five hours a day", "sleeping three hours each night", "eating fruits and vegetables each day", "exercising once a month"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?\nA. watching television five hours a day\nB. sleeping three hours each night\nC. eating fruits and vegetables each day\nD. exercising once a month\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?", "choices": {"text": ["watching television five hours a day", "exercising once a month", "sleeping three hours each night", "eating fruits and vegetables each day"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?\nA. watching television five hours a day\nB. exercising once a month\nC. sleeping three hours each night\nD. eating fruits and vegetables each day\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?", "choices": {"text": ["watching television five hours a day", "sleeping three hours each night", "eating fruits and vegetables each day", "exercising once a month"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?\n1. watching television five hours a day\n2. sleeping three hours each night\n3. eating fruits and vegetables each day\n4. exercising once a month\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?", "choices": {"text": ["watching television five hours a day", "sleeping three hours each night", "eating fruits and vegetables each day", "exercising once a month"], "label": ["R", "I", "Z", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?\nR. watching television five hours a day\nI. sleeping three hours each night\nZ. eating fruits and vegetables each day\nL. exercising once a month\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?", "choices": {"text": ["watching television five hours a day", "exercising once a month", "sleeping three hours each night", "eating fruits and vegetables each day"], "label": ["R", "I", "Z", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which behavior will best help a student stay healthy?\nR. watching television five hours a day\nI. exercising once a month\nZ. sleeping three hours each night\nL. eating fruits and vegetables each day\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3909}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7210630", "question": "Which of these includes Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["the asteroid belt", "the Andromeda Galaxy", "the solar system", "the Eagle Nebula"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these includes Earth?\nA. the asteroid belt\nB. the Andromeda Galaxy\nC. the solar system\nD. the Eagle Nebula\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these includes Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["the solar system", "the Andromeda Galaxy", "the asteroid belt", "the Eagle Nebula"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these includes Earth?\nA. the solar system\nB. the Andromeda Galaxy\nC. the asteroid belt\nD. the Eagle Nebula\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these includes Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["the asteroid belt", "the Andromeda Galaxy", "the solar system", "the Eagle Nebula"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these includes Earth?\n1. the asteroid belt\n2. the Andromeda Galaxy\n3. the solar system\n4. the Eagle Nebula\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these includes Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["the asteroid belt", "the Andromeda Galaxy", "the solar system", "the Eagle Nebula"], "label": ["K", "F", "A", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these includes Earth?\nK. the asteroid belt\nF. the Andromeda Galaxy\nA. the solar system\nE. the Eagle Nebula\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these includes Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["the solar system", "the Andromeda Galaxy", "the asteroid belt", "the Eagle Nebula"], "label": ["K", "F", "A", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these includes Earth?\nK. the solar system\nF. the Andromeda Galaxy\nA. the asteroid belt\nE. the Eagle Nebula\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3910}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401264", "question": "The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?", "choices": {"text": ["element symbols", "negative numbers", "dependent variables", "independent variables"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?\nA. element symbols\nB. negative numbers\nC. dependent variables\nD. independent variables\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?", "choices": {"text": ["dependent variables", "independent variables", "negative numbers", "element symbols"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?\nA. dependent variables\nB. independent variables\nC. negative numbers\nD. element symbols\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?", "choices": {"text": ["element symbols", "negative numbers", "dependent variables", "independent variables"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?\n1. element symbols\n2. negative numbers\n3. dependent variables\n4. independent variables\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?", "choices": {"text": ["element symbols", "negative numbers", "dependent variables", "independent variables"], "label": ["U", "S", "C", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?\nU. element symbols\nS. negative numbers\nC. dependent variables\nM. independent variables\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?", "choices": {"text": ["dependent variables", "independent variables", "negative numbers", "element symbols"], "label": ["U", "S", "C", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?\nU. dependent variables\nS. independent variables\nC. negative numbers\nM. element symbols\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3911}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406016", "question": "Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?", "choices": {"text": ["blinking", "breathing", "crying", "swimming"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?\nA. blinking\nB. breathing\nC. crying\nD. swimming\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?", "choices": {"text": ["crying", "swimming", "blinking", "breathing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?\nA. crying\nB. swimming\nC. blinking\nD. breathing\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?", "choices": {"text": ["blinking", "breathing", "crying", "swimming"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?\n1. blinking\n2. breathing\n3. crying\n4. swimming\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?", "choices": {"text": ["blinking", "breathing", "crying", "swimming"], "label": ["W", "F", "C", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?\nW. blinking\nF. breathing\nC. crying\nN. swimming\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?", "choices": {"text": ["crying", "swimming", "blinking", "breathing"], "label": ["W", "F", "C", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Monica learned that humans are born knowing how to do some things and they learn how to do other things. Which is a behavior humans learn?\nW. crying\nF. swimming\nC. blinking\nN. breathing\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3912}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_13", "question": "Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing the size of the two magnets", "increasing the distance between the two magnets", "changing the color of the two magnets", "changing the texture of the two magnets"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?\nA. increasing the size of the two magnets\nB. increasing the distance between the two magnets\nC. changing the color of the two magnets\nD. changing the texture of the two magnets\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?", "choices": {"text": ["changing the color of the two magnets", "increasing the size of the two magnets", "increasing the distance between the two magnets", "changing the texture of the two magnets"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?\nA. changing the color of the two magnets\nB. increasing the size of the two magnets\nC. increasing the distance between the two magnets\nD. changing the texture of the two magnets\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing the size of the two magnets", "increasing the distance between the two magnets", "changing the color of the two magnets", "changing the texture of the two magnets"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?\n1. increasing the size of the two magnets\n2. increasing the distance between the two magnets\n3. changing the color of the two magnets\n4. changing the texture of the two magnets\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing the size of the two magnets", "increasing the distance between the two magnets", "changing the color of the two magnets", "changing the texture of the two magnets"], "label": ["W", "B", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?\nW. increasing the size of the two magnets\nB. increasing the distance between the two magnets\nM. changing the color of the two magnets\nX. changing the texture of the two magnets\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?", "choices": {"text": ["changing the color of the two magnets", "increasing the size of the two magnets", "increasing the distance between the two magnets", "changing the texture of the two magnets"], "label": ["W", "B", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor will cause a decrease in the force of attraction between two magnets?\nW. changing the color of the two magnets\nB. increasing the size of the two magnets\nM. increasing the distance between the two magnets\nX. changing the texture of the two magnets\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3913}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402071", "question": "What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "four seasons", "night and day", "changes in the weather"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?\nA. tides\nB. four seasons\nC. night and day\nD. changes in the weather\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "night and day", "four seasons", "changes in the weather"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?\nA. tides\nB. night and day\nC. four seasons\nD. changes in the weather\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "four seasons", "night and day", "changes in the weather"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?\n1. tides\n2. four seasons\n3. night and day\n4. changes in the weather\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "four seasons", "night and day", "changes in the weather"], "label": ["C", "G", "K", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?\nC. tides\nG. four seasons\nK. night and day\nZ. changes in the weather\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["tides", "night and day", "four seasons", "changes in the weather"], "label": ["C", "G", "K", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: What event occurs because of the rotation of Earth?\nC. tides\nG. night and day\nK. four seasons\nZ. changes in the weather\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3914}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7025130", "question": "The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of", "choices": {"text": ["protons.", "neutrons.", "electrons.", "orbitals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of\nA. protons.\nB. neutrons.\nC. electrons.\nD. orbitals.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of", "choices": {"text": ["orbitals.", "neutrons.", "protons.", "electrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of\nA. orbitals.\nB. neutrons.\nC. protons.\nD. electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of", "choices": {"text": ["protons.", "neutrons.", "electrons.", "orbitals."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of\n1. protons.\n2. neutrons.\n3. electrons.\n4. orbitals.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of", "choices": {"text": ["protons.", "neutrons.", "electrons.", "orbitals."], "label": ["U", "L", "T", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of\nU. protons.\nL. neutrons.\nT. electrons.\nQ. orbitals.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of", "choices": {"text": ["orbitals.", "neutrons.", "protons.", "electrons."], "label": ["U", "L", "T", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The identifying characteristic of an element is its number of\nU. orbitals.\nL. neutrons.\nT. protons.\nQ. electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3915}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2013_8_19", "question": "A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?", "choices": {"text": ["Both the parasite and the host benefit.", "Both the parasite and the host are harmed.", "The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.", "The parasite is harmed and the host benefits."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?\nA. Both the parasite and the host benefit.\nB. Both the parasite and the host are harmed.\nC. The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.\nD. The parasite is harmed and the host benefits.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?", "choices": {"text": ["The parasite is harmed and the host benefits.", "The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.", "Both the parasite and the host benefit.", "Both the parasite and the host are harmed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?\nA. The parasite is harmed and the host benefits.\nB. The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.\nC. Both the parasite and the host benefit.\nD. Both the parasite and the host are harmed.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?", "choices": {"text": ["Both the parasite and the host benefit.", "Both the parasite and the host are harmed.", "The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.", "The parasite is harmed and the host benefits."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?\n1. Both the parasite and the host benefit.\n2. Both the parasite and the host are harmed.\n3. The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.\n4. The parasite is harmed and the host benefits.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?", "choices": {"text": ["Both the parasite and the host benefit.", "Both the parasite and the host are harmed.", "The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.", "The parasite is harmed and the host benefits."], "label": ["Y", "V", "I", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?\nY. Both the parasite and the host benefit.\nV. Both the parasite and the host are harmed.\nI. The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.\nD. The parasite is harmed and the host benefits.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?", "choices": {"text": ["The parasite is harmed and the host benefits.", "The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.", "Both the parasite and the host benefit.", "Both the parasite and the host are harmed."], "label": ["Y", "V", "I", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of wasp lays its eggs in the larva of another insect. The wasp is a parasite, and the larva is the host. What is the relationship between the parasite and the host?\nY. The parasite is harmed and the host benefits.\nV. The parasite benefits and the host is harmed.\nI. Both the parasite and the host benefit.\nD. Both the parasite and the host are harmed.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3916}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416581", "question": "Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?", "choices": {"text": ["pellicle", "cell wall", "cytoplasm", "cytoskeleton"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?\nA. pellicle\nB. cell wall\nC. cytoplasm\nD. cytoskeleton\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?", "choices": {"text": ["cytoskeleton", "cell wall", "cytoplasm", "pellicle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?\nA. cytoskeleton\nB. cell wall\nC. cytoplasm\nD. pellicle\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?", "choices": {"text": ["pellicle", "cell wall", "cytoplasm", "cytoskeleton"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?\n1. pellicle\n2. cell wall\n3. cytoplasm\n4. cytoskeleton\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?", "choices": {"text": ["pellicle", "cell wall", "cytoplasm", "cytoskeleton"], "label": ["D", "H", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?\nD. pellicle\nH. cell wall\nB. cytoplasm\nC. cytoskeleton\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?", "choices": {"text": ["cytoskeleton", "cell wall", "cytoplasm", "pellicle"], "label": ["D", "H", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structural characteristic is present in a paramecium that is not present in an amoeba?\nD. cytoskeleton\nH. cell wall\nB. cytoplasm\nC. pellicle\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3917}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_410593", "question": "The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["tissue, cell, organ, organ system", "organ, cell, organ system, tissue", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system", "organ system, tissue, organ, cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?\nA. tissue, cell, organ, organ system\nB. organ, cell, organ system, tissue\nC. cell, tissue, organ, organ system\nD. organ system, tissue, organ, cell\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["organ, cell, organ system, tissue", "tissue, cell, organ, organ system", "organ system, tissue, organ, cell", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?\nA. organ, cell, organ system, tissue\nB. tissue, cell, organ, organ system\nC. organ system, tissue, organ, cell\nD. cell, tissue, organ, organ system\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["tissue, cell, organ, organ system", "organ, cell, organ system, tissue", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system", "organ system, tissue, organ, cell"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?\n1. tissue, cell, organ, organ system\n2. organ, cell, organ system, tissue\n3. cell, tissue, organ, organ system\n4. organ system, tissue, organ, cell\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["tissue, cell, organ, organ system", "organ, cell, organ system, tissue", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system", "organ system, tissue, organ, cell"], "label": ["N", "T", "O", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?\nN. tissue, cell, organ, organ system\nT. organ, cell, organ system, tissue\nO. cell, tissue, organ, organ system\nS. organ system, tissue, organ, cell\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?", "choices": {"text": ["organ, cell, organ system, tissue", "tissue, cell, organ, organ system", "organ system, tissue, organ, cell", "cell, tissue, organ, organ system"], "label": ["N", "T", "O", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The structures in the bodies of many organisms have levels of organization that help the body to carry out life processes. Which list correctly shows how these levels are organized from the simplest to the most complex?\nN. organ, cell, organ system, tissue\nT. tissue, cell, organ, organ system\nO. organ system, tissue, organ, cell\nS. cell, tissue, organ, organ system\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3918}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400842", "question": "Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?", "choices": {"text": ["lab apron and goggles", "sunglasses and thermal gloves", "rubber shoes and sunglasses", "thermal gloves and goggles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?\nA. lab apron and goggles\nB. sunglasses and thermal gloves\nC. rubber shoes and sunglasses\nD. thermal gloves and goggles\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?", "choices": {"text": ["lab apron and goggles", "rubber shoes and sunglasses", "thermal gloves and goggles", "sunglasses and thermal gloves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?\nA. lab apron and goggles\nB. rubber shoes and sunglasses\nC. thermal gloves and goggles\nD. sunglasses and thermal gloves\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?", "choices": {"text": ["lab apron and goggles", "sunglasses and thermal gloves", "rubber shoes and sunglasses", "thermal gloves and goggles"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?\n1. lab apron and goggles\n2. sunglasses and thermal gloves\n3. rubber shoes and sunglasses\n4. thermal gloves and goggles\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?", "choices": {"text": ["lab apron and goggles", "sunglasses and thermal gloves", "rubber shoes and sunglasses", "thermal gloves and goggles"], "label": ["T", "N", "Z", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?\nT. lab apron and goggles\nN. sunglasses and thermal gloves\nZ. rubber shoes and sunglasses\nA. thermal gloves and goggles\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?", "choices": {"text": ["lab apron and goggles", "rubber shoes and sunglasses", "thermal gloves and goggles", "sunglasses and thermal gloves"], "label": ["T", "N", "Z", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which safety gear are most important to wear when working near an open flame?\nT. lab apron and goggles\nN. rubber shoes and sunglasses\nZ. thermal gloves and goggles\nA. sunglasses and thermal gloves\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3919}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405881", "question": "Recycling is important to the environment because it", "choices": {"text": ["is a good way to earn money.", "produces more carbon dioxide for plants.", "decreases the amount of natural resources.", "is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Recycling is important to the environment because it\nA. is a good way to earn money.\nB. produces more carbon dioxide for plants.\nC. decreases the amount of natural resources.\nD. is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Recycling is important to the environment because it", "choices": {"text": ["decreases the amount of natural resources.", "produces more carbon dioxide for plants.", "is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.", "is a good way to earn money."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Recycling is important to the environment because it\nA. decreases the amount of natural resources.\nB. produces more carbon dioxide for plants.\nC. is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.\nD. is a good way to earn money.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Recycling is important to the environment because it", "choices": {"text": ["is a good way to earn money.", "produces more carbon dioxide for plants.", "decreases the amount of natural resources.", "is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Recycling is important to the environment because it\n1. is a good way to earn money.\n2. produces more carbon dioxide for plants.\n3. decreases the amount of natural resources.\n4. is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Recycling is important to the environment because it", "choices": {"text": ["is a good way to earn money.", "produces more carbon dioxide for plants.", "decreases the amount of natural resources.", "is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources."], "label": ["A", "F", "V", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Recycling is important to the environment because it\nA. is a good way to earn money.\nF. produces more carbon dioxide for plants.\nV. decreases the amount of natural resources.\nH. is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Recycling is important to the environment because it", "choices": {"text": ["decreases the amount of natural resources.", "produces more carbon dioxide for plants.", "is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.", "is a good way to earn money."], "label": ["A", "F", "V", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Recycling is important to the environment because it\nA. decreases the amount of natural resources.\nF. produces more carbon dioxide for plants.\nV. is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources.\nH. is a good way to earn money.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3920}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409563", "question": "Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?", "choices": {"text": ["the tilt of Earth", "the rotation of Earth", "the distance between Earth and the Sun", "the amount of rays produced by the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?\nA. the tilt of Earth\nB. the rotation of Earth\nC. the distance between Earth and the Sun\nD. the amount of rays produced by the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth", "the amount of rays produced by the Sun", "the distance between Earth and the Sun", "the tilt of Earth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?\nA. the rotation of Earth\nB. the amount of rays produced by the Sun\nC. the distance between Earth and the Sun\nD. the tilt of Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?", "choices": {"text": ["the tilt of Earth", "the rotation of Earth", "the distance between Earth and the Sun", "the amount of rays produced by the Sun"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?\n1. the tilt of Earth\n2. the rotation of Earth\n3. the distance between Earth and the Sun\n4. the amount of rays produced by the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?", "choices": {"text": ["the tilt of Earth", "the rotation of Earth", "the distance between Earth and the Sun", "the amount of rays produced by the Sun"], "label": ["U", "E", "A", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?\nU. the tilt of Earth\nE. the rotation of Earth\nA. the distance between Earth and the Sun\nP. the amount of rays produced by the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?", "choices": {"text": ["the rotation of Earth", "the amount of rays produced by the Sun", "the distance between Earth and the Sun", "the tilt of Earth"], "label": ["U", "E", "A", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jamil studied how the position of Earth around the Sun affects the energy available on Earth. Which best explains why a particular place on Earth receives more energy during summer months than winter months?\nU. the rotation of Earth\nE. the amount of rays produced by the Sun\nA. the distance between Earth and the Sun\nP. the tilt of Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3921}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7206133", "question": "Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporating", "condensing", "melting", "compacting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?\nA. evaporating\nB. condensing\nC. melting\nD. compacting\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporating", "compacting", "condensing", "melting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?\nA. evaporating\nB. compacting\nC. condensing\nD. melting\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporating", "condensing", "melting", "compacting"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?\n1. evaporating\n2. condensing\n3. melting\n4. compacting\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporating", "condensing", "melting", "compacting"], "label": ["X", "S", "Y", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?\nX. evaporating\nS. condensing\nY. melting\nB. compacting\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporating", "compacting", "condensing", "melting"], "label": ["X", "S", "Y", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale?\nX. evaporating\nS. compacting\nY. condensing\nB. melting\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3922}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_5_1", "question": "In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation.", "condensation.", "evaporation.", "transpiration."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of\nA. precipitation.\nB. condensation.\nC. evaporation.\nD. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of", "choices": {"text": ["condensation.", "transpiration.", "precipitation.", "evaporation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of\nA. condensation.\nB. transpiration.\nC. precipitation.\nD. evaporation.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation.", "condensation.", "evaporation.", "transpiration."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of\n1. precipitation.\n2. condensation.\n3. evaporation.\n4. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation.", "condensation.", "evaporation.", "transpiration."], "label": ["T", "G", "L", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of\nT. precipitation.\nG. condensation.\nL. evaporation.\nU. transpiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of", "choices": {"text": ["condensation.", "transpiration.", "precipitation.", "evaporation."], "label": ["T", "G", "L", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the water cycle, rain, snow, or sleet falling to the ground is a form of\nT. condensation.\nG. transpiration.\nL. precipitation.\nU. evaporation.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3923}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7200585", "question": "Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["the production of sugar", "the release of energy", "the formation of new proteins for the cell", "the removal of waste products from the cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?\nA. the production of sugar\nB. the release of energy\nC. the formation of new proteins for the cell\nD. the removal of waste products from the cell\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["the release of energy", "the removal of waste products from the cell", "the production of sugar", "the formation of new proteins for the cell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?\nA. the release of energy\nB. the removal of waste products from the cell\nC. the production of sugar\nD. the formation of new proteins for the cell\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["the production of sugar", "the release of energy", "the formation of new proteins for the cell", "the removal of waste products from the cell"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?\n1. the production of sugar\n2. the release of energy\n3. the formation of new proteins for the cell\n4. the removal of waste products from the cell\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["the production of sugar", "the release of energy", "the formation of new proteins for the cell", "the removal of waste products from the cell"], "label": ["D", "M", "O", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?\nD. the production of sugar\nM. the release of energy\nO. the formation of new proteins for the cell\nC. the removal of waste products from the cell\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["the release of energy", "the removal of waste products from the cell", "the production of sugar", "the formation of new proteins for the cell"], "label": ["D", "M", "O", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cells perform many different processes that an organism needs to survive and grow. Which is the main function of the process of cellular respiration?\nD. the release of energy\nM. the removal of waste products from the cell\nO. the production of sugar\nC. the formation of new proteins for the cell\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3924}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_4_18", "question": "A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need", "choices": {"text": ["space to move", "air to breathe", "sunlight to grow", "sound to communicate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need\nA. space to move\nB. air to breathe\nC. sunlight to grow\nD. sound to communicate\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need", "choices": {"text": ["air to breathe", "sound to communicate", "sunlight to grow", "space to move"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need\nA. air to breathe\nB. sound to communicate\nC. sunlight to grow\nD. space to move\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need", "choices": {"text": ["space to move", "air to breathe", "sunlight to grow", "sound to communicate"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need\n1. space to move\n2. air to breathe\n3. sunlight to grow\n4. sound to communicate\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need", "choices": {"text": ["space to move", "air to breathe", "sunlight to grow", "sound to communicate"], "label": ["D", "F", "P", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need\nD. space to move\nF. air to breathe\nP. sunlight to grow\nZ. sound to communicate\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need", "choices": {"text": ["air to breathe", "sound to communicate", "sunlight to grow", "space to move"], "label": ["D", "F", "P", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student places soil in a plastic container to make a home for some worms. The student cuts holes in the top of the container because the worms need\nD. air to breathe\nF. sound to communicate\nP. sunlight to grow\nZ. space to move\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3925}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7083738", "question": "If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?", "choices": {"text": ["They are different substances.", "They have the same weight.", "They have the same densities.", "They are different mixtures."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?\nA. They are different substances.\nB. They have the same weight.\nC. They have the same densities.\nD. They are different mixtures.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?", "choices": {"text": ["They are different mixtures.", "They have the same weight.", "They have the same densities.", "They are different substances."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?\nA. They are different mixtures.\nB. They have the same weight.\nC. They have the same densities.\nD. They are different substances.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?", "choices": {"text": ["They are different substances.", "They have the same weight.", "They have the same densities.", "They are different mixtures."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?\n1. They are different substances.\n2. They have the same weight.\n3. They have the same densities.\n4. They are different mixtures.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?", "choices": {"text": ["They are different substances.", "They have the same weight.", "They have the same densities.", "They are different mixtures."], "label": ["N", "C", "J", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?\nN. They are different substances.\nC. They have the same weight.\nJ. They have the same densities.\nT. They are different mixtures.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?", "choices": {"text": ["They are different mixtures.", "They have the same weight.", "They have the same densities.", "They are different substances."], "label": ["N", "C", "J", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: If it is determined that the particles in one solid are arranged in a repeating pattern and the particles in another solid are arranged randomly, what must be true about the solids?\nN. They are different mixtures.\nC. They have the same weight.\nJ. They have the same densities.\nT. They are different substances.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3926}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7247083", "question": "When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory.", "It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.", "It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.", "It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?\nA. It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory.\nB. It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.\nC. It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.\nD. It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.", "It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.", "It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun.", "It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?\nA. It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.\nB. It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.\nC. It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun.\nD. It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory.", "It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.", "It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.", "It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?\n1. It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory.\n2. It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.\n3. It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.\n4. It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory.", "It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.", "It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.", "It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun."], "label": ["R", "M", "P", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?\nR. It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory.\nM. It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.\nP. It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.\nH. It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.", "It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.", "It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun.", "It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory."], "label": ["R", "M", "P", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: When manned space exploration began, NASA used the gravity assist concept so that spacecraft could conserve fuel. Which statement explains why the gravity assist concept was useful for spacecraft to successfully travel and return to Earth?\nR. It ensured spacecraft would return home safely.\nM. It was helpful in planning spacecraft trajectories.\nP. It ensured spacecraft would avoid being pulled into the sun.\nH. It gave spacecraft a timed trajectory.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3927}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_182945", "question": "In which of the following organs is an acid produced?", "choices": {"text": ["esophagus", "large intestine", "small intestine", "stomach"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following organs is an acid produced?\nA. esophagus\nB. large intestine\nC. small intestine\nD. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following organs is an acid produced?", "choices": {"text": ["large intestine", "esophagus", "stomach", "small intestine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following organs is an acid produced?\nA. large intestine\nB. esophagus\nC. stomach\nD. small intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following organs is an acid produced?", "choices": {"text": ["esophagus", "large intestine", "small intestine", "stomach"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following organs is an acid produced?\n1. esophagus\n2. large intestine\n3. small intestine\n4. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following organs is an acid produced?", "choices": {"text": ["esophagus", "large intestine", "small intestine", "stomach"], "label": ["L", "Z", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following organs is an acid produced?\nL. esophagus\nZ. large intestine\nB. small intestine\nT. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following organs is an acid produced?", "choices": {"text": ["large intestine", "esophagus", "stomach", "small intestine"], "label": ["L", "Z", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following organs is an acid produced?\nL. large intestine\nZ. esophagus\nB. stomach\nT. small intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3928}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7200148", "question": "It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?", "choices": {"text": ["the direction he ran and the average speed", "the distance he ran and the average velocity", "the beginning speed and the direction he ran", "the beginning velocity and the ending velocity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?\nA. the direction he ran and the average speed\nB. the distance he ran and the average velocity\nC. the beginning speed and the direction he ran\nD. the beginning velocity and the ending velocity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?", "choices": {"text": ["the beginning velocity and the ending velocity", "the direction he ran and the average speed", "the beginning speed and the direction he ran", "the distance he ran and the average velocity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?\nA. the beginning velocity and the ending velocity\nB. the direction he ran and the average speed\nC. the beginning speed and the direction he ran\nD. the distance he ran and the average velocity\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?", "choices": {"text": ["the direction he ran and the average speed", "the distance he ran and the average velocity", "the beginning speed and the direction he ran", "the beginning velocity and the ending velocity"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?\n1. the direction he ran and the average speed\n2. the distance he ran and the average velocity\n3. the beginning speed and the direction he ran\n4. the beginning velocity and the ending velocity\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?", "choices": {"text": ["the direction he ran and the average speed", "the distance he ran and the average velocity", "the beginning speed and the direction he ran", "the beginning velocity and the ending velocity"], "label": ["K", "P", "X", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?\nK. the direction he ran and the average speed\nP. the distance he ran and the average velocity\nX. the beginning speed and the direction he ran\nC. the beginning velocity and the ending velocity\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?", "choices": {"text": ["the beginning velocity and the ending velocity", "the direction he ran and the average speed", "the beginning speed and the direction he ran", "the distance he ran and the average velocity"], "label": ["K", "P", "X", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: It took Stephen 12 seconds to run across a grass field. Which additional information does he need in order to calculate his acceleration during the run?\nK. the beginning velocity and the ending velocity\nP. the direction he ran and the average speed\nX. the beginning speed and the direction he ran\nC. the distance he ran and the average velocity\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3929}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2016_8_18", "question": "What are two of Earth's natural resources?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear power plants and batteries", "forests and nuclear power plants", "batteries and waterfalls", "forests and waterfalls"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are two of Earth's natural resources?\nA. nuclear power plants and batteries\nB. forests and nuclear power plants\nC. batteries and waterfalls\nD. forests and waterfalls\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What are two of Earth's natural resources?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear power plants and batteries", "forests and waterfalls", "batteries and waterfalls", "forests and nuclear power plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are two of Earth's natural resources?\nA. nuclear power plants and batteries\nB. forests and waterfalls\nC. batteries and waterfalls\nD. forests and nuclear power plants\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What are two of Earth's natural resources?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear power plants and batteries", "forests and nuclear power plants", "batteries and waterfalls", "forests and waterfalls"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are two of Earth's natural resources?\n1. nuclear power plants and batteries\n2. forests and nuclear power plants\n3. batteries and waterfalls\n4. forests and waterfalls\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What are two of Earth's natural resources?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear power plants and batteries", "forests and nuclear power plants", "batteries and waterfalls", "forests and waterfalls"], "label": ["Z", "C", "P", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are two of Earth's natural resources?\nZ. nuclear power plants and batteries\nC. forests and nuclear power plants\nP. batteries and waterfalls\nL. forests and waterfalls\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What are two of Earth's natural resources?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear power plants and batteries", "forests and waterfalls", "batteries and waterfalls", "forests and nuclear power plants"], "label": ["Z", "C", "P", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: What are two of Earth's natural resources?\nZ. nuclear power plants and batteries\nC. forests and waterfalls\nP. batteries and waterfalls\nL. forests and nuclear power plants\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3930}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2001_5_15", "question": "In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?", "choices": {"text": ["air temperature", "wind speed", "amount of precipitation", "number of cloudy days"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?\nA. air temperature\nB. wind speed\nC. amount of precipitation\nD. number of cloudy days\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?", "choices": {"text": ["amount of precipitation", "number of cloudy days", "wind speed", "air temperature"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?\nA. amount of precipitation\nB. number of cloudy days\nC. wind speed\nD. air temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?", "choices": {"text": ["air temperature", "wind speed", "amount of precipitation", "number of cloudy days"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?\n1. air temperature\n2. wind speed\n3. amount of precipitation\n4. number of cloudy days\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?", "choices": {"text": ["air temperature", "wind speed", "amount of precipitation", "number of cloudy days"], "label": ["V", "N", "Z", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?\nV. air temperature\nN. wind speed\nZ. amount of precipitation\nM. number of cloudy days\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?", "choices": {"text": ["amount of precipitation", "number of cloudy days", "wind speed", "air temperature"], "label": ["V", "N", "Z", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: In New England, there are noticeable patterns of seasonal change. Which information could you collect to BEST illustrate this change?\nV. amount of precipitation\nN. number of cloudy days\nZ. wind speed\nM. air temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3931}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_15", "question": "Volume and mass are properties of", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "light", "matter", "sound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volume and mass are properties of\nA. friction\nB. light\nC. matter\nD. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Volume and mass are properties of", "choices": {"text": ["sound", "matter", "friction", "light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volume and mass are properties of\nA. sound\nB. matter\nC. friction\nD. light\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Volume and mass are properties of", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "light", "matter", "sound"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volume and mass are properties of\n1. friction\n2. light\n3. matter\n4. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Volume and mass are properties of", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "light", "matter", "sound"], "label": ["C", "E", "B", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volume and mass are properties of\nC. friction\nE. light\nB. matter\nO. sound\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Volume and mass are properties of", "choices": {"text": ["sound", "matter", "friction", "light"], "label": ["C", "E", "B", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volume and mass are properties of\nC. sound\nE. matter\nB. friction\nO. light\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3932}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2013_8_29418", "question": "Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["Water, rust, and salt are atoms.", "Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.", "Water, rust, and salt are elements.", "Water, rust, and salt are compounds."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?\nA. Water, rust, and salt are atoms.\nB. Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.\nC. Water, rust, and salt are elements.\nD. Water, rust, and salt are compounds.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["Water, rust, and salt are compounds.", "Water, rust, and salt are atoms.", "Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.", "Water, rust, and salt are elements."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?\nA. Water, rust, and salt are compounds.\nB. Water, rust, and salt are atoms.\nC. Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.\nD. Water, rust, and salt are elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["Water, rust, and salt are atoms.", "Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.", "Water, rust, and salt are elements.", "Water, rust, and salt are compounds."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?\n1. Water, rust, and salt are atoms.\n2. Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.\n3. Water, rust, and salt are elements.\n4. Water, rust, and salt are compounds.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["Water, rust, and salt are atoms.", "Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.", "Water, rust, and salt are elements.", "Water, rust, and salt are compounds."], "label": ["T", "J", "D", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?\nT. Water, rust, and salt are atoms.\nJ. Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.\nD. Water, rust, and salt are elements.\nK. Water, rust, and salt are compounds.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["Water, rust, and salt are compounds.", "Water, rust, and salt are atoms.", "Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.", "Water, rust, and salt are elements."], "label": ["T", "J", "D", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following do water (H2O), rust (Fe2O3), and salt (NaCl) have in common?\nT. Water, rust, and salt are compounds.\nJ. Water, rust, and salt are atoms.\nD. Water, rust, and salt are mixtures.\nK. Water, rust, and salt are elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3933}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_8_13", "question": "Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical engineering", "astronomy", "agricultural research", "geology"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?\nA. electrical engineering\nB. astronomy\nC. agricultural research\nD. geology\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?", "choices": {"text": ["geology", "agricultural research", "electrical engineering", "astronomy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?\nA. geology\nB. agricultural research\nC. electrical engineering\nD. astronomy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical engineering", "astronomy", "agricultural research", "geology"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?\n1. electrical engineering\n2. astronomy\n3. agricultural research\n4. geology\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical engineering", "astronomy", "agricultural research", "geology"], "label": ["I", "Z", "H", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?\nI. electrical engineering\nZ. astronomy\nH. agricultural research\nK. geology\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?", "choices": {"text": ["geology", "agricultural research", "electrical engineering", "astronomy"], "label": ["I", "Z", "H", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these careers would a student studying biotechnology most likely pursue?\nI. geology\nZ. agricultural research\nH. electrical engineering\nK. astronomy\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3934}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_177153", "question": "The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was", "choices": {"text": ["Niels Bohr.", "Albert Einstein.", "Charles Darwin.", "Alfred Wegener."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was\nA. Niels Bohr.\nB. Albert Einstein.\nC. Charles Darwin.\nD. Alfred Wegener.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was", "choices": {"text": ["Niels Bohr.", "Charles Darwin.", "Alfred Wegener.", "Albert Einstein."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was\nA. Niels Bohr.\nB. Charles Darwin.\nC. Alfred Wegener.\nD. Albert Einstein.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was", "choices": {"text": ["Niels Bohr.", "Albert Einstein.", "Charles Darwin.", "Alfred Wegener."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was\n1. Niels Bohr.\n2. Albert Einstein.\n3. Charles Darwin.\n4. Alfred Wegener.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was", "choices": {"text": ["Niels Bohr.", "Albert Einstein.", "Charles Darwin.", "Alfred Wegener."], "label": ["V", "M", "K", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was\nV. Niels Bohr.\nM. Albert Einstein.\nK. Charles Darwin.\nZ. Alfred Wegener.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was", "choices": {"text": ["Niels Bohr.", "Charles Darwin.", "Alfred Wegener.", "Albert Einstein."], "label": ["V", "M", "K", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The first person to introduce the idea of the continents moving around the surface of Earth was\nV. Niels Bohr.\nM. Charles Darwin.\nK. Alfred Wegener.\nZ. Albert Einstein.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3935}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7228305", "question": "The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?", "choices": {"text": ["organelles", "cells", "genes", "organs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?\nA. organelles\nB. cells\nC. genes\nD. organs\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?", "choices": {"text": ["organs", "genes", "organelles", "cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?\nA. organs\nB. genes\nC. organelles\nD. cells\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?", "choices": {"text": ["organelles", "cells", "genes", "organs"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?\n1. organelles\n2. cells\n3. genes\n4. organs\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?", "choices": {"text": ["organelles", "cells", "genes", "organs"], "label": ["Z", "C", "G", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?\nZ. organelles\nC. cells\nG. genes\nS. organs\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?", "choices": {"text": ["organs", "genes", "organelles", "cells"], "label": ["Z", "C", "G", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cells of organisms found in the phylum Porifera (sponges) are not organized into tissues. What structures are absent in organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?\nZ. organs\nC. genes\nG. organelles\nS. cells\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3936}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405856", "question": "A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should", "choices": {"text": ["use the same size of paper.", "buy the same color of paper.", "fold the paper the same way.", "decorate the paper the same way."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should\nA. use the same size of paper.\nB. buy the same color of paper.\nC. fold the paper the same way.\nD. decorate the paper the same way.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should", "choices": {"text": ["fold the paper the same way.", "use the same size of paper.", "buy the same color of paper.", "decorate the paper the same way."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should\nA. fold the paper the same way.\nB. use the same size of paper.\nC. buy the same color of paper.\nD. decorate the paper the same way.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should", "choices": {"text": ["use the same size of paper.", "buy the same color of paper.", "fold the paper the same way.", "decorate the paper the same way."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should\n1. use the same size of paper.\n2. buy the same color of paper.\n3. fold the paper the same way.\n4. decorate the paper the same way.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should", "choices": {"text": ["use the same size of paper.", "buy the same color of paper.", "fold the paper the same way.", "decorate the paper the same way."], "label": ["D", "Q", "O", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should\nD. use the same size of paper.\nQ. buy the same color of paper.\nO. fold the paper the same way.\nF. decorate the paper the same way.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should", "choices": {"text": ["fold the paper the same way.", "use the same size of paper.", "buy the same color of paper.", "decorate the paper the same way."], "label": ["D", "Q", "O", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A class wanted to see which paper airplane design could fly the farthest. In order to have the most accurate results, every student should\nD. fold the paper the same way.\nQ. use the same size of paper.\nO. buy the same color of paper.\nF. decorate the paper the same way.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3937}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401000", "question": "The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. \"The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!\" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they", "choices": {"text": ["are lightweight.", "have insulation.", "make winter camping easy.", "cost less than other sleeping bags."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. \"The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!\" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they\nA. are lightweight.\nB. have insulation.\nC. make winter camping easy.\nD. cost less than other sleeping bags.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. \"The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!\" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they", "choices": {"text": ["have insulation.", "cost less than other sleeping bags.", "are lightweight.", "make winter camping easy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. \"The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!\" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they\nA. have insulation.\nB. cost less than other sleeping bags.\nC. are lightweight.\nD. make winter camping easy.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. \"The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!\" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they", "choices": {"text": ["are lightweight.", "have insulation.", "make winter camping easy.", "cost less than other sleeping bags."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. \"The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!\" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they\n1. are lightweight.\n2. have insulation.\n3. make winter camping easy.\n4. cost less than other sleeping bags.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. \"The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!\" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they", "choices": {"text": ["are lightweight.", "have insulation.", "make winter camping easy.", "cost less than other sleeping bags."], "label": ["W", "E", "U", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. \"The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!\" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they\nW. are lightweight.\nE. have insulation.\nU. make winter camping easy.\nG. cost less than other sleeping bags.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. \"The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!\" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they", "choices": {"text": ["have insulation.", "cost less than other sleeping bags.", "are lightweight.", "make winter camping easy."], "label": ["W", "E", "U", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: The following advertisement was placed in the window of a camping supply store. \"The double-thermal 'Polar Snooze' sleeping bag is here! It will keep you warm for winter camping!\" Based on this advertisement, the best conclusion about Polar Snooze sleeping bags is that they\nW. have insulation.\nE. cost less than other sleeping bags.\nU. are lightweight.\nG. make winter camping easy.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3938}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_4_9", "question": "About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["one day", "one week", "one month", "one year"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?\nA. one day\nB. one week\nC. one month\nD. one year\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["one day", "one year", "one week", "one month"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?\nA. one day\nB. one year\nC. one week\nD. one month\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["one day", "one week", "one month", "one year"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?\n1. one day\n2. one week\n3. one month\n4. one year\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["one day", "one week", "one month", "one year"], "label": ["F", "S", "C", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?\nF. one day\nS. one week\nC. one month\nO. one year\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["one day", "one year", "one week", "one month"], "label": ["F", "S", "C", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: About how long does it take for Earth to make one revolution around the Sun?\nF. one day\nS. one year\nC. one week\nO. one month\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3939}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_8_pg25", "question": "Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?", "choices": {"text": ["The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.", "The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?\nA. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.\nB. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.\nC. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.\nD. The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?", "choices": {"text": ["The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.", "The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?\nA. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.\nB. The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only.\nC. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.\nD. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?", "choices": {"text": ["The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.", "The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?\n1. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.\n2. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.\n3. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.\n4. The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?", "choices": {"text": ["The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.", "The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only."], "label": ["U", "B", "D", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?\nU. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.\nB. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.\nD. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.\nI. The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?", "choices": {"text": ["The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.", "The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only."], "label": ["U", "B", "D", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?\nU. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.\nB. The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mother only.\nD. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.\nI. The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3940}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7004795", "question": "Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["protons and neutrons", "protons and electrons", "neutrons and molecules", "molecules and electrons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?\nA. protons and neutrons\nB. protons and electrons\nC. neutrons and molecules\nD. molecules and electrons\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["neutrons and molecules", "protons and neutrons", "molecules and electrons", "protons and electrons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?\nA. neutrons and molecules\nB. protons and neutrons\nC. molecules and electrons\nD. protons and electrons\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["protons and neutrons", "protons and electrons", "neutrons and molecules", "molecules and electrons"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?\n1. protons and neutrons\n2. protons and electrons\n3. neutrons and molecules\n4. molecules and electrons\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["protons and neutrons", "protons and electrons", "neutrons and molecules", "molecules and electrons"], "label": ["G", "Y", "W", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?\nG. protons and neutrons\nY. protons and electrons\nW. neutrons and molecules\nM. molecules and electrons\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?", "choices": {"text": ["neutrons and molecules", "protons and neutrons", "molecules and electrons", "protons and electrons"], "label": ["G", "Y", "W", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which particles are responsible for the electric charge of an atom?\nG. neutrons and molecules\nY. protons and neutrons\nW. molecules and electrons\nM. protons and electrons\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3941}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_4_pg64", "question": "Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["fruits and vegetables", "bread, rice, and pasta", "milk and milk products", "meat, fish, and poultry"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?\nA. fruits and vegetables\nB. bread, rice, and pasta\nC. milk and milk products\nD. meat, fish, and poultry\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["meat, fish, and poultry", "milk and milk products", "bread, rice, and pasta", "fruits and vegetables"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?\nA. meat, fish, and poultry\nB. milk and milk products\nC. bread, rice, and pasta\nD. fruits and vegetables\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["fruits and vegetables", "bread, rice, and pasta", "milk and milk products", "meat, fish, and poultry"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?\n1. fruits and vegetables\n2. bread, rice, and pasta\n3. milk and milk products\n4. meat, fish, and poultry\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["fruits and vegetables", "bread, rice, and pasta", "milk and milk products", "meat, fish, and poultry"], "label": ["G", "P", "Y", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?\nG. fruits and vegetables\nP. bread, rice, and pasta\nY. milk and milk products\nC. meat, fish, and poultry\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["meat, fish, and poultry", "milk and milk products", "bread, rice, and pasta", "fruits and vegetables"], "label": ["G", "P", "Y", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best source of vitamins and minerals?\nG. meat, fish, and poultry\nP. milk and milk products\nY. bread, rice, and pasta\nC. fruits and vegetables\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3942}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_5_14", "question": "Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good", "choices": {"text": ["electromagnet", "insulator", "circuit", "current"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good\nA. electromagnet\nB. insulator\nC. circuit\nD. current\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good", "choices": {"text": ["current", "electromagnet", "circuit", "insulator"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good\nA. current\nB. electromagnet\nC. circuit\nD. insulator\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good", "choices": {"text": ["electromagnet", "insulator", "circuit", "current"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good\n1. electromagnet\n2. insulator\n3. circuit\n4. current\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good", "choices": {"text": ["electromagnet", "insulator", "circuit", "current"], "label": ["R", "Q", "A", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good\nR. electromagnet\nQ. insulator\nA. circuit\nX. current\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good", "choices": {"text": ["current", "electromagnet", "circuit", "insulator"], "label": ["R", "Q", "A", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Copper wire is often wrapped in plastic. Plastic material is a good\nR. current\nQ. electromagnet\nA. circuit\nX. insulator\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3943}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416636", "question": "Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?", "choices": {"text": ["A euglena can respond to light.", "A euglena can live in fresh water.", "A euglena can regulate water intake.", "A euglena can only reproduce asexually."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?\nA. A euglena can respond to light.\nB. A euglena can live in fresh water.\nC. A euglena can regulate water intake.\nD. A euglena can only reproduce asexually.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?", "choices": {"text": ["A euglena can live in fresh water.", "A euglena can only reproduce asexually.", "A euglena can regulate water intake.", "A euglena can respond to light."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?\nA. A euglena can live in fresh water.\nB. A euglena can only reproduce asexually.\nC. A euglena can regulate water intake.\nD. A euglena can respond to light.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?", "choices": {"text": ["A euglena can respond to light.", "A euglena can live in fresh water.", "A euglena can regulate water intake.", "A euglena can only reproduce asexually."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?\n1. A euglena can respond to light.\n2. A euglena can live in fresh water.\n3. A euglena can regulate water intake.\n4. A euglena can only reproduce asexually.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?", "choices": {"text": ["A euglena can respond to light.", "A euglena can live in fresh water.", "A euglena can regulate water intake.", "A euglena can only reproduce asexually."], "label": ["M", "T", "N", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?\nM. A euglena can respond to light.\nT. A euglena can live in fresh water.\nN. A euglena can regulate water intake.\nL. A euglena can only reproduce asexually.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?", "choices": {"text": ["A euglena can live in fresh water.", "A euglena can only reproduce asexually.", "A euglena can regulate water intake.", "A euglena can respond to light."], "label": ["M", "T", "N", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Teresa is making a list of the similarities and differences between a euglena and a volvox cell. In which way is the euglena different from the volvox cell?\nM. A euglena can live in fresh water.\nT. A euglena can only reproduce asexually.\nN. A euglena can regulate water intake.\nL. A euglena can respond to light.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3944}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg11", "question": "If the body takes in more food than it uses.", "choices": {"text": ["breathing becomes faster.", "weight is lost.", "the heart rate increases.", "the food is stored as fat."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the body takes in more food than it uses.\nA. breathing becomes faster.\nB. weight is lost.\nC. the heart rate increases.\nD. the food is stored as fat.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If the body takes in more food than it uses.", "choices": {"text": ["the heart rate increases.", "the food is stored as fat.", "weight is lost.", "breathing becomes faster."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the body takes in more food than it uses.\nA. the heart rate increases.\nB. the food is stored as fat.\nC. weight is lost.\nD. breathing becomes faster.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If the body takes in more food than it uses.", "choices": {"text": ["breathing becomes faster.", "weight is lost.", "the heart rate increases.", "the food is stored as fat."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the body takes in more food than it uses.\n1. breathing becomes faster.\n2. weight is lost.\n3. the heart rate increases.\n4. the food is stored as fat.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If the body takes in more food than it uses.", "choices": {"text": ["breathing becomes faster.", "weight is lost.", "the heart rate increases.", "the food is stored as fat."], "label": ["B", "N", "G", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the body takes in more food than it uses.\nB. breathing becomes faster.\nN. weight is lost.\nG. the heart rate increases.\nU. the food is stored as fat.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If the body takes in more food than it uses.", "choices": {"text": ["the heart rate increases.", "the food is stored as fat.", "weight is lost.", "breathing becomes faster."], "label": ["B", "N", "G", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the body takes in more food than it uses.\nB. the heart rate increases.\nN. the food is stored as fat.\nG. weight is lost.\nU. breathing becomes faster.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3945}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401129", "question": "The mass of an object is measured using which unit?", "choices": {"text": ["liter", "gram", "meter", "yard"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The mass of an object is measured using which unit?\nA. liter\nB. gram\nC. meter\nD. yard\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The mass of an object is measured using which unit?", "choices": {"text": ["gram", "meter", "yard", "liter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The mass of an object is measured using which unit?\nA. gram\nB. meter\nC. yard\nD. liter\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The mass of an object is measured using which unit?", "choices": {"text": ["liter", "gram", "meter", "yard"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The mass of an object is measured using which unit?\n1. liter\n2. gram\n3. meter\n4. yard\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The mass of an object is measured using which unit?", "choices": {"text": ["liter", "gram", "meter", "yard"], "label": ["T", "Y", "Z", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The mass of an object is measured using which unit?\nT. liter\nY. gram\nZ. meter\nD. yard\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The mass of an object is measured using which unit?", "choices": {"text": ["gram", "meter", "yard", "liter"], "label": ["T", "Y", "Z", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The mass of an object is measured using which unit?\nT. gram\nY. meter\nZ. yard\nD. liter\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3946}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7263095", "question": "The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?", "choices": {"text": ["The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.", "The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen.", "The Sun is losing mass and helium.", "The Sun is losing volume and helium."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?\nA. The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.\nB. The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen.\nC. The Sun is losing mass and helium.\nD. The Sun is losing volume and helium.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?", "choices": {"text": ["The Sun is losing mass and helium.", "The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.", "The Sun is losing volume and helium.", "The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?\nA. The Sun is losing mass and helium.\nB. The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.\nC. The Sun is losing volume and helium.\nD. The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?", "choices": {"text": ["The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.", "The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen.", "The Sun is losing mass and helium.", "The Sun is losing volume and helium."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?\n1. The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.\n2. The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen.\n3. The Sun is losing mass and helium.\n4. The Sun is losing volume and helium.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?", "choices": {"text": ["The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.", "The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen.", "The Sun is losing mass and helium.", "The Sun is losing volume and helium."], "label": ["Q", "O", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?\nQ. The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.\nO. The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen.\nN. The Sun is losing mass and helium.\nJ. The Sun is losing volume and helium.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?", "choices": {"text": ["The Sun is losing mass and helium.", "The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.", "The Sun is losing volume and helium.", "The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen."], "label": ["Q", "O", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Sun transforms matter into energy through nuclear fusion. What can be inferred about the Sun from this fact?\nQ. The Sun is losing mass and helium.\nO. The Sun is losing mass and hydrogen.\nN. The Sun is losing volume and helium.\nJ. The Sun is losing volume and hydrogen.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3947}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_3_25", "question": "Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?", "choices": {"text": ["Picking apples", "Feeding animals", "Selling clothes", "Building houses"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?\nA. Picking apples\nB. Feeding animals\nC. Selling clothes\nD. Building houses\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?", "choices": {"text": ["Feeding animals", "Selling clothes", "Picking apples", "Building houses"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?\nA. Feeding animals\nB. Selling clothes\nC. Picking apples\nD. Building houses\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?", "choices": {"text": ["Picking apples", "Feeding animals", "Selling clothes", "Building houses"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?\n1. Picking apples\n2. Feeding animals\n3. Selling clothes\n4. Building houses\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?", "choices": {"text": ["Picking apples", "Feeding animals", "Selling clothes", "Building houses"], "label": ["H", "R", "B", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?\nH. Picking apples\nR. Feeding animals\nB. Selling clothes\nK. Building houses\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?", "choices": {"text": ["Feeding animals", "Selling clothes", "Picking apples", "Building houses"], "label": ["H", "R", "B", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which job is done in Virginia only during the fall season?\nH. Feeding animals\nR. Selling clothes\nB. Picking apples\nK. Building houses\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3948}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1999_8_28", "question": "A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?", "choices": {"text": ["1", "2", "20", "200"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?\nA. 1\nB. 2\nC. 20\nD. 200\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?", "choices": {"text": ["1", "200", "2", "20"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?\nA. 1\nB. 200\nC. 2\nD. 20\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?", "choices": {"text": ["1", "2", "20", "200"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?\n1. 1\n2. 2\n3. 20\n4. 200\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?", "choices": {"text": ["1", "2", "20", "200"], "label": ["C", "T", "Z", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?\nC. 1\nT. 2\nZ. 20\nQ. 200\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?", "choices": {"text": ["1", "200", "2", "20"], "label": ["C", "T", "Z", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is studying the effect of acid rain on oak trees. Of the numbers below, which would be the number of oak trees the scientist should use to obtain the most reliable data?\nC. 1\nT. 200\nZ. 2\nQ. 20\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3949}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_3_28", "question": "Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?", "choices": {"text": ["Finding shelter", "Hiding from predators", "Gathering enough food", "Raising young"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?\nA. Finding shelter\nB. Hiding from predators\nC. Gathering enough food\nD. Raising young\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?", "choices": {"text": ["Finding shelter", "Raising young", "Gathering enough food", "Hiding from predators"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?\nA. Finding shelter\nB. Raising young\nC. Gathering enough food\nD. Hiding from predators\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?", "choices": {"text": ["Finding shelter", "Hiding from predators", "Gathering enough food", "Raising young"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?\n1. Finding shelter\n2. Hiding from predators\n3. Gathering enough food\n4. Raising young\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?", "choices": {"text": ["Finding shelter", "Hiding from predators", "Gathering enough food", "Raising young"], "label": ["X", "Y", "H", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?\nX. Finding shelter\nY. Hiding from predators\nH. Gathering enough food\nC. Raising young\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?", "choices": {"text": ["Finding shelter", "Raising young", "Gathering enough food", "Hiding from predators"], "label": ["X", "Y", "H", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Camouflage MOST helps an animal with which of these life needs?\nX. Finding shelter\nY. Raising young\nH. Gathering enough food\nC. Hiding from predators\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3950}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7191188", "question": "There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?", "choices": {"text": ["land scarred by forest fires", "erosion of ocean shorelines", "converging plate boundaries", "destruction of tropical rain forests"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?\nA. land scarred by forest fires\nB. erosion of ocean shorelines\nC. converging plate boundaries\nD. destruction of tropical rain forests\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion of ocean shorelines", "destruction of tropical rain forests", "land scarred by forest fires", "converging plate boundaries"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?\nA. erosion of ocean shorelines\nB. destruction of tropical rain forests\nC. land scarred by forest fires\nD. converging plate boundaries\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?", "choices": {"text": ["land scarred by forest fires", "erosion of ocean shorelines", "converging plate boundaries", "destruction of tropical rain forests"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?\n1. land scarred by forest fires\n2. erosion of ocean shorelines\n3. converging plate boundaries\n4. destruction of tropical rain forests\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?", "choices": {"text": ["land scarred by forest fires", "erosion of ocean shorelines", "converging plate boundaries", "destruction of tropical rain forests"], "label": ["H", "R", "C", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?\nH. land scarred by forest fires\nR. erosion of ocean shorelines\nC. converging plate boundaries\nA. destruction of tropical rain forests\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion of ocean shorelines", "destruction of tropical rain forests", "land scarred by forest fires", "converging plate boundaries"], "label": ["H", "R", "C", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are a variety of events that can disrupt ecosystems. Some events result in local disturbances and others can affect a much larger area. Which event would most likely result in change on a global scale?\nH. erosion of ocean shorelines\nR. destruction of tropical rain forests\nC. land scarred by forest fires\nA. converging plate boundaries\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3951}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7027545", "question": "A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing the current in the circuit", "placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit", "reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit", "using circuit wires with a lower resistance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?\nA. increasing the current in the circuit\nB. placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit\nC. reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit\nD. using circuit wires with a lower resistance\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?", "choices": {"text": ["using circuit wires with a lower resistance", "increasing the current in the circuit", "reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit", "placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?\nA. using circuit wires with a lower resistance\nB. increasing the current in the circuit\nC. reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit\nD. placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing the current in the circuit", "placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit", "reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit", "using circuit wires with a lower resistance"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?\n1. increasing the current in the circuit\n2. placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit\n3. reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit\n4. using circuit wires with a lower resistance\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing the current in the circuit", "placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit", "reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit", "using circuit wires with a lower resistance"], "label": ["H", "S", "W", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?\nH. increasing the current in the circuit\nS. placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit\nW. reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit\nZ. using circuit wires with a lower resistance\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?", "choices": {"text": ["using circuit wires with a lower resistance", "increasing the current in the circuit", "reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit", "placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit"], "label": ["H", "S", "W", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A hardware designer finds that the wiring in a circuit is releasing enough heat to make the circuit dangerously hot. Which change would best solve this problem?\nH. using circuit wires with a lower resistance\nS. increasing the current in the circuit\nW. reversing the direction of current flow in the circuit\nZ. placing rubber insulation on wires in the circuit\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3952}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408884", "question": "There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to", "choices": {"text": ["make oxygen.", "release energy.", "digest nutrients.", "cause movement."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to\nA. make oxygen.\nB. release energy.\nC. digest nutrients.\nD. cause movement.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to", "choices": {"text": ["make oxygen.", "digest nutrients.", "cause movement.", "release energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to\nA. make oxygen.\nB. digest nutrients.\nC. cause movement.\nD. release energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to", "choices": {"text": ["make oxygen.", "release energy.", "digest nutrients.", "cause movement."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to\n1. make oxygen.\n2. release energy.\n3. digest nutrients.\n4. cause movement.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to", "choices": {"text": ["make oxygen.", "release energy.", "digest nutrients.", "cause movement."], "label": ["H", "I", "U", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to\nH. make oxygen.\nI. release energy.\nU. digest nutrients.\nB. cause movement.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to", "choices": {"text": ["make oxygen.", "digest nutrients.", "cause movement.", "release energy."], "label": ["H", "I", "U", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are different kinds of muscles in the human body. Each muscle is formed from a group of cells that works together. The main function of a group of muscle cells is to\nH. make oxygen.\nI. digest nutrients.\nU. cause movement.\nB. release energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3953}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405865", "question": "Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?", "choices": {"text": ["flat eraser", "round ball", "bent paper clip", "wooden cube"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?\nA. flat eraser\nB. round ball\nC. bent paper clip\nD. wooden cube\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?", "choices": {"text": ["flat eraser", "wooden cube", "bent paper clip", "round ball"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?\nA. flat eraser\nB. wooden cube\nC. bent paper clip\nD. round ball\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?", "choices": {"text": ["flat eraser", "round ball", "bent paper clip", "wooden cube"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?\n1. flat eraser\n2. round ball\n3. bent paper clip\n4. wooden cube\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?", "choices": {"text": ["flat eraser", "round ball", "bent paper clip", "wooden cube"], "label": ["J", "R", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?\nJ. flat eraser\nR. round ball\nP. bent paper clip\nY. wooden cube\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?", "choices": {"text": ["flat eraser", "wooden cube", "bent paper clip", "round ball"], "label": ["J", "R", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Four objects are on a wooden ramp. Which object is most likely to roll off the ramp if it is pushed gently?\nJ. flat eraser\nR. wooden cube\nP. bent paper clip\nY. round ball\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3954}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401225", "question": "When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a solute.", "an element.", "a mineral.", "a mixture."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of\nA. a solute.\nB. an element.\nC. a mineral.\nD. a mixture.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a mixture.", "a solute.", "an element.", "a mineral."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of\nA. a mixture.\nB. a solute.\nC. an element.\nD. a mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a solute.", "an element.", "a mineral.", "a mixture."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of\n1. a solute.\n2. an element.\n3. a mineral.\n4. a mixture.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a solute.", "an element.", "a mineral.", "a mixture."], "label": ["B", "Y", "E", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of\nB. a solute.\nY. an element.\nE. a mineral.\nX. a mixture.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["a mixture.", "a solute.", "an element.", "a mineral."], "label": ["B", "Y", "E", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: When zinc and copper are melted together, brass is formed. Brass is an example of\nB. a mixture.\nY. a solute.\nE. an element.\nX. a mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3955}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2008_4_10286", "question": "Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?", "choices": {"text": ["Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths.", "Tie two different weights to a string.", "Tie identical weights to a long string.", "Tie two different weights to two identical strings."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?\nA. Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths.\nB. Tie two different weights to a string.\nC. Tie identical weights to a long string.\nD. Tie two different weights to two identical strings.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?", "choices": {"text": ["Tie two different weights to two identical strings.", "Tie identical weights to a long string.", "Tie two different weights to a string.", "Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?\nA. Tie two different weights to two identical strings.\nB. Tie identical weights to a long string.\nC. Tie two different weights to a string.\nD. Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?", "choices": {"text": ["Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths.", "Tie two different weights to a string.", "Tie identical weights to a long string.", "Tie two different weights to two identical strings."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?\n1. Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths.\n2. Tie two different weights to a string.\n3. Tie identical weights to a long string.\n4. Tie two different weights to two identical strings.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?", "choices": {"text": ["Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths.", "Tie two different weights to a string.", "Tie identical weights to a long string.", "Tie two different weights to two identical strings."], "label": ["R", "N", "M", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?\nR. Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths.\nN. Tie two different weights to a string.\nM. Tie identical weights to a long string.\nO. Tie two different weights to two identical strings.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?", "choices": {"text": ["Tie two different weights to two identical strings.", "Tie identical weights to a long string.", "Tie two different weights to a string.", "Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths."], "label": ["R", "N", "M", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Choose the investigation that would best answer the question: Does the length of a string change how fast a pendulum swings?\nR. Tie two different weights to two identical strings.\nN. Tie identical weights to a long string.\nM. Tie two different weights to a string.\nO. Tie identical weights to two strings of different lengths.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3956}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7283343", "question": "Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["vegetative budding", "binary fission", "cloning", "fertilization"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?\nA. vegetative budding\nB. binary fission\nC. cloning\nD. fertilization\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["cloning", "binary fission", "fertilization", "vegetative budding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?\nA. cloning\nB. binary fission\nC. fertilization\nD. vegetative budding\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["vegetative budding", "binary fission", "cloning", "fertilization"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?\n1. vegetative budding\n2. binary fission\n3. cloning\n4. fertilization\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["vegetative budding", "binary fission", "cloning", "fertilization"], "label": ["O", "I", "U", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?\nO. vegetative budding\nI. binary fission\nU. cloning\nV. fertilization\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?", "choices": {"text": ["cloning", "binary fission", "fertilization", "vegetative budding"], "label": ["O", "I", "U", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Meiosis is necessary for which reproductive event to occur?\nO. cloning\nI. binary fission\nU. fertilization\nV. vegetative budding\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3957}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7123533", "question": "Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?", "choices": {"text": ["on a space station", "in a space shuttle", "on a space probe", "in a lunar module"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?\nA. on a space station\nB. in a space shuttle\nC. on a space probe\nD. in a lunar module\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?", "choices": {"text": ["on a space probe", "on a space station", "in a lunar module", "in a space shuttle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?\nA. on a space probe\nB. on a space station\nC. in a lunar module\nD. in a space shuttle\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?", "choices": {"text": ["on a space station", "in a space shuttle", "on a space probe", "in a lunar module"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?\n1. on a space station\n2. in a space shuttle\n3. on a space probe\n4. in a lunar module\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?", "choices": {"text": ["on a space station", "in a space shuttle", "on a space probe", "in a lunar module"], "label": ["L", "E", "P", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?\nL. on a space station\nE. in a space shuttle\nP. on a space probe\nO. in a lunar module\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?", "choices": {"text": ["on a space probe", "on a space station", "in a lunar module", "in a space shuttle"], "label": ["L", "E", "P", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some astronauts may spend several months in space orbiting Earth. Where do these astronauts most likely stay while in space?\nL. on a space probe\nE. on a space station\nP. in a lunar module\nO. in a space shuttle\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3958}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008260", "question": "Which is a possible consequence of global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in the amount of coral reefs", "a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts", "an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts", "a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a possible consequence of global warming?\nA. an increase in the amount of coral reefs\nB. a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts\nC. an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts\nD. a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a possible consequence of global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons", "a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts", "an increase in the amount of coral reefs", "an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a possible consequence of global warming?\nA. a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons\nB. a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts\nC. an increase in the amount of coral reefs\nD. an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a possible consequence of global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in the amount of coral reefs", "a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts", "an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts", "a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a possible consequence of global warming?\n1. an increase in the amount of coral reefs\n2. a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts\n3. an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts\n4. a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a possible consequence of global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in the amount of coral reefs", "a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts", "an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts", "a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons"], "label": ["B", "W", "S", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a possible consequence of global warming?\nB. an increase in the amount of coral reefs\nW. a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts\nS. an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts\nQ. a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a possible consequence of global warming?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons", "a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts", "an increase in the amount of coral reefs", "an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts"], "label": ["B", "W", "S", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a possible consequence of global warming?\nB. a decrease in temperature, causing shorter growing seasons\nW. a decrease in temperature, causing earlier frosts\nS. an increase in the amount of coral reefs\nQ. an increase in the number of heat waves, causing droughts\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3959}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400658", "question": "A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?", "choices": {"text": ["producer", "herbivore", "carnivore", "omnivore"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?\nA. producer\nB. herbivore\nC. carnivore\nD. omnivore\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?", "choices": {"text": ["omnivore", "producer", "carnivore", "herbivore"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?\nA. omnivore\nB. producer\nC. carnivore\nD. herbivore\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?", "choices": {"text": ["producer", "herbivore", "carnivore", "omnivore"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?\n1. producer\n2. herbivore\n3. carnivore\n4. omnivore\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?", "choices": {"text": ["producer", "herbivore", "carnivore", "omnivore"], "label": ["N", "U", "S", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?\nN. producer\nU. herbivore\nS. carnivore\nK. omnivore\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?", "choices": {"text": ["omnivore", "producer", "carnivore", "herbivore"], "label": ["N", "U", "S", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A brown bear eats a variety of foods including berries, insects, and small animals. Which best describes a brown bear?\nN. omnivore\nU. producer\nS. carnivore\nK. herbivore\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3960}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_7", "question": "In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "chloroplast", "cell membrane", "cell wall"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?\nA. nucleus\nB. chloroplast\nC. cell membrane\nD. cell wall\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["cell membrane", "nucleus", "cell wall", "chloroplast"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?\nA. cell membrane\nB. nucleus\nC. cell wall\nD. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "chloroplast", "cell membrane", "cell wall"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?\n1. nucleus\n2. chloroplast\n3. cell membrane\n4. cell wall\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "chloroplast", "cell membrane", "cell wall"], "label": ["Z", "B", "X", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?\nZ. nucleus\nB. chloroplast\nX. cell membrane\nJ. cell wall\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["cell membrane", "nucleus", "cell wall", "chloroplast"], "label": ["Z", "B", "X", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?\nZ. cell membrane\nB. nucleus\nX. cell wall\nJ. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3961}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415454", "question": "Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy", "biofuel energy", "wind energy", "geothermal energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?\nA. nuclear energy\nB. biofuel energy\nC. wind energy\nD. geothermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy", "wind energy", "biofuel energy", "geothermal energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?\nA. nuclear energy\nB. wind energy\nC. biofuel energy\nD. geothermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy", "biofuel energy", "wind energy", "geothermal energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?\n1. nuclear energy\n2. biofuel energy\n3. wind energy\n4. geothermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy", "biofuel energy", "wind energy", "geothermal energy"], "label": ["R", "J", "Q", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?\nR. nuclear energy\nJ. biofuel energy\nQ. wind energy\nL. geothermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy", "wind energy", "biofuel energy", "geothermal energy"], "label": ["R", "J", "Q", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which alternative energy resource adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?\nR. nuclear energy\nJ. wind energy\nQ. biofuel energy\nL. geothermal energy\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3962}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405340", "question": "Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of", "choices": {"text": ["condensation.", "evaporation.", "freezing.", "melting."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of\nA. condensation.\nB. evaporation.\nC. freezing.\nD. melting.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of", "choices": {"text": ["condensation.", "freezing.", "evaporation.", "melting."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of\nA. condensation.\nB. freezing.\nC. evaporation.\nD. melting.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of", "choices": {"text": ["condensation.", "evaporation.", "freezing.", "melting."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of\n1. condensation.\n2. evaporation.\n3. freezing.\n4. melting.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of", "choices": {"text": ["condensation.", "evaporation.", "freezing.", "melting."], "label": ["O", "V", "I", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of\nO. condensation.\nV. evaporation.\nI. freezing.\nE. melting.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of", "choices": {"text": ["condensation.", "freezing.", "evaporation.", "melting."], "label": ["O", "V", "I", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy from the Sun changes a liquid to a gas by the process of\nO. condensation.\nV. freezing.\nI. evaporation.\nE. melting.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3963}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407371", "question": "Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?", "choices": {"text": ["seasonal changes", "hours in a day", "heights of tides", "moon phases"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?\nA. seasonal changes\nB. hours in a day\nC. heights of tides\nD. moon phases\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?", "choices": {"text": ["moon phases", "hours in a day", "heights of tides", "seasonal changes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?\nA. moon phases\nB. hours in a day\nC. heights of tides\nD. seasonal changes\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?", "choices": {"text": ["seasonal changes", "hours in a day", "heights of tides", "moon phases"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?\n1. seasonal changes\n2. hours in a day\n3. heights of tides\n4. moon phases\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?", "choices": {"text": ["seasonal changes", "hours in a day", "heights of tides", "moon phases"], "label": ["U", "A", "L", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?\nU. seasonal changes\nA. hours in a day\nL. heights of tides\nM. moon phases\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?", "choices": {"text": ["moon phases", "hours in a day", "heights of tides", "seasonal changes"], "label": ["U", "A", "L", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a result of the tilt of Earth's axis?\nU. moon phases\nA. hours in a day\nL. heights of tides\nM. seasonal changes\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3964}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7211505", "question": "Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to", "choices": {"text": ["synthesize sugars.", "synthesize proteins.", "transform sugar into cellular energy.", "transform proteins into useful nutrients."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to\nA. synthesize sugars.\nB. synthesize proteins.\nC. transform sugar into cellular energy.\nD. transform proteins into useful nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to", "choices": {"text": ["synthesize proteins.", "transform proteins into useful nutrients.", "synthesize sugars.", "transform sugar into cellular energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to\nA. synthesize proteins.\nB. transform proteins into useful nutrients.\nC. synthesize sugars.\nD. transform sugar into cellular energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to", "choices": {"text": ["synthesize sugars.", "synthesize proteins.", "transform sugar into cellular energy.", "transform proteins into useful nutrients."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to\n1. synthesize sugars.\n2. synthesize proteins.\n3. transform sugar into cellular energy.\n4. transform proteins into useful nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to", "choices": {"text": ["synthesize sugars.", "synthesize proteins.", "transform sugar into cellular energy.", "transform proteins into useful nutrients."], "label": ["H", "L", "C", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to\nH. synthesize sugars.\nL. synthesize proteins.\nC. transform sugar into cellular energy.\nV. transform proteins into useful nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to", "choices": {"text": ["synthesize proteins.", "transform proteins into useful nutrients.", "synthesize sugars.", "transform sugar into cellular energy."], "label": ["H", "L", "C", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Chloroplasts absorb light energy. The function of the chloroplast is to\nH. synthesize proteins.\nL. transform proteins into useful nutrients.\nC. synthesize sugars.\nV. transform sugar into cellular energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3965}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400114", "question": "When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are", "choices": {"text": ["physical.", "chemical.", "electrical.", "mechanical."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are\nA. physical.\nB. chemical.\nC. electrical.\nD. mechanical.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are", "choices": {"text": ["chemical.", "physical.", "electrical.", "mechanical."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are\nA. chemical.\nB. physical.\nC. electrical.\nD. mechanical.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are", "choices": {"text": ["physical.", "chemical.", "electrical.", "mechanical."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are\n1. physical.\n2. chemical.\n3. electrical.\n4. mechanical.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are", "choices": {"text": ["physical.", "chemical.", "electrical.", "mechanical."], "label": ["G", "Q", "W", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are\nG. physical.\nQ. chemical.\nW. electrical.\nU. mechanical.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are", "choices": {"text": ["chemical.", "physical.", "electrical.", "mechanical."], "label": ["G", "Q", "W", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: When water changes from a liquid to a gas and then the steam condenses back to the liquid form, these types of changes are\nG. chemical.\nQ. physical.\nW. electrical.\nU. mechanical.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3966}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7040758", "question": "What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?", "choices": {"text": ["consumer to producer", "producer to consumer", "decomposer to producer", "decomposer to consumer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?\nA. consumer to producer\nB. producer to consumer\nC. decomposer to producer\nD. decomposer to consumer\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?", "choices": {"text": ["producer to consumer", "decomposer to consumer", "consumer to producer", "decomposer to producer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?\nA. producer to consumer\nB. decomposer to consumer\nC. consumer to producer\nD. decomposer to producer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?", "choices": {"text": ["consumer to producer", "producer to consumer", "decomposer to producer", "decomposer to consumer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?\n1. consumer to producer\n2. producer to consumer\n3. decomposer to producer\n4. decomposer to consumer\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?", "choices": {"text": ["consumer to producer", "producer to consumer", "decomposer to producer", "decomposer to consumer"], "label": ["F", "A", "Y", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?\nF. consumer to producer\nA. producer to consumer\nY. decomposer to producer\nM. decomposer to consumer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?", "choices": {"text": ["producer to consumer", "decomposer to consumer", "consumer to producer", "decomposer to producer"], "label": ["F", "A", "Y", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: What direction is the movement of the energy in a food web?\nF. producer to consumer\nA. decomposer to consumer\nY. consumer to producer\nM. decomposer to producer\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3967}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7043943", "question": "When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?", "choices": {"text": ["Its height increases.", "Its height decreases.", "Its length shortens.", "It crests."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?\nA. Its height increases.\nB. Its height decreases.\nC. Its length shortens.\nD. It crests.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?", "choices": {"text": ["Its height decreases.", "It crests.", "Its length shortens.", "Its height increases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?\nA. Its height decreases.\nB. It crests.\nC. Its length shortens.\nD. Its height increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?", "choices": {"text": ["Its height increases.", "Its height decreases.", "Its length shortens.", "It crests."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?\n1. Its height increases.\n2. Its height decreases.\n3. Its length shortens.\n4. It crests.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?", "choices": {"text": ["Its height increases.", "Its height decreases.", "Its length shortens.", "It crests."], "label": ["Z", "J", "I", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?\nZ. Its height increases.\nJ. Its height decreases.\nI. Its length shortens.\nP. It crests.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?", "choices": {"text": ["Its height decreases.", "It crests.", "Its length shortens.", "Its height increases."], "label": ["Z", "J", "I", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the velocity of an ocean wave decreases as it approaches a shore, what happens to the wave?\nZ. Its height decreases.\nJ. It crests.\nI. Its length shortens.\nP. Its height increases.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3968}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_401246", "question": "Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "radiation", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?\nA. friction\nB. gravity\nC. radiation\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["radiation", "magnetism", "gravity", "friction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?\nA. radiation\nB. magnetism\nC. gravity\nD. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "radiation", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?\n1. friction\n2. gravity\n3. radiation\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "radiation", "magnetism"], "label": ["G", "D", "V", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?\nG. friction\nD. gravity\nV. radiation\nU. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["radiation", "magnetism", "gravity", "friction"], "label": ["G", "D", "V", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun?\nG. radiation\nD. magnetism\nV. gravity\nU. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3969}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2010_8_12003", "question": "Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cell membrane", "vacuole", "chloroplast"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?\nA. nucleus\nB. cell membrane\nC. vacuole\nD. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?", "choices": {"text": ["cell membrane", "vacuole", "nucleus", "chloroplast"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?\nA. cell membrane\nB. vacuole\nC. nucleus\nD. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cell membrane", "vacuole", "chloroplast"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?\n1. nucleus\n2. cell membrane\n3. vacuole\n4. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cell membrane", "vacuole", "chloroplast"], "label": ["V", "H", "P", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?\nV. nucleus\nH. cell membrane\nP. vacuole\nM. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?", "choices": {"text": ["cell membrane", "vacuole", "nucleus", "chloroplast"], "label": ["V", "H", "P", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Substances enter any plant or animal cell by passing through which of the following structures?\nV. cell membrane\nH. vacuole\nP. nucleus\nM. chloroplast\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3970}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_4_33", "question": "Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Some diseases can be treated.", "Purple clothing can be made.", "Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.", "Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?\nA. Some diseases can be treated.\nB. Purple clothing can be made.\nC. Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.\nD. Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Some diseases can be treated.", "Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine.", "Purple clothing can be made.", "Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?\nA. Some diseases can be treated.\nB. Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine.\nC. Purple clothing can be made.\nD. Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Some diseases can be treated.", "Purple clothing can be made.", "Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.", "Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?\n1. Some diseases can be treated.\n2. Purple clothing can be made.\n3. Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.\n4. Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Some diseases can be treated.", "Purple clothing can be made.", "Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.", "Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine."], "label": ["M", "D", "K", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?\nM. Some diseases can be treated.\nD. Purple clothing can be made.\nK. Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.\nR. Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Some diseases can be treated.", "Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine.", "Purple clothing can be made.", "Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye."], "label": ["M", "D", "K", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many years ago, purple dye was made from some sea animals. Then, in 1856, William Perkins tried to make a new medicine. Instead, he found a way to make purple dye from coal. What is a positive effect of his discovery?\nM. Some diseases can be treated.\nD. Perkins is famous for discovering a new medicine.\nK. Purple clothing can be made.\nR. Sea animals are not needed to make purple dye.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3971}
{"arc_id": "CSZ20823", "question": "When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is", "choices": {"text": ["a solution.", "a mixture.", "a compound.", "an element."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is\nA. a solution.\nB. a mixture.\nC. a compound.\nD. an element.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is", "choices": {"text": ["an element.", "a compound.", "a solution.", "a mixture."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is\nA. an element.\nB. a compound.\nC. a solution.\nD. a mixture.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is", "choices": {"text": ["a solution.", "a mixture.", "a compound.", "an element."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is\n1. a solution.\n2. a mixture.\n3. a compound.\n4. an element.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is", "choices": {"text": ["a solution.", "a mixture.", "a compound.", "an element."], "label": ["V", "S", "P", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is\nV. a solution.\nS. a mixture.\nP. a compound.\nN. an element.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is", "choices": {"text": ["an element.", "a compound.", "a solution.", "a mixture."], "label": ["V", "S", "P", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: When magnesium (Mg) metal is burned in the presence of oxygen (O?), magnesium oxide (MgO) is produced. The properties of magnesium oxide are different than the individual properties of magnesium and oxygen because magnesium oxide is\nV. an element.\nS. a compound.\nP. a solution.\nN. a mixture.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3972}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2010_5_8", "question": "Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?", "choices": {"text": ["It was once underwater.", "It was once much warmer.", "It has become a rockier place.", "It has changed little from then."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?\nA. It was once underwater.\nB. It was once much warmer.\nC. It has become a rockier place.\nD. It has changed little from then.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?", "choices": {"text": ["It has changed little from then.", "It was once underwater.", "It was once much warmer.", "It has become a rockier place."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?\nA. It has changed little from then.\nB. It was once underwater.\nC. It was once much warmer.\nD. It has become a rockier place.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?", "choices": {"text": ["It was once underwater.", "It was once much warmer.", "It has become a rockier place.", "It has changed little from then."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?\n1. It was once underwater.\n2. It was once much warmer.\n3. It has become a rockier place.\n4. It has changed little from then.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?", "choices": {"text": ["It was once underwater.", "It was once much warmer.", "It has become a rockier place.", "It has changed little from then."], "label": ["M", "U", "F", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?\nM. It was once underwater.\nU. It was once much warmer.\nF. It has become a rockier place.\nL. It has changed little from then.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?", "choices": {"text": ["It has changed little from then.", "It was once underwater.", "It was once much warmer.", "It has become a rockier place."], "label": ["M", "U", "F", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fossils of sea animals were found in a cave in Arkansas. What does this mean about that area of Arkansas in the past?\nM. It has changed little from then.\nU. It was once underwater.\nF. It was once much warmer.\nL. It has become a rockier place.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3973}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7001278", "question": "Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?", "choices": {"text": ["metric ruler", "stopwatch", "triple beam balance", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?\nA. metric ruler\nB. stopwatch\nC. triple beam balance\nD. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?", "choices": {"text": ["triple beam balance", "graduated cylinder", "stopwatch", "metric ruler"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?\nA. triple beam balance\nB. graduated cylinder\nC. stopwatch\nD. metric ruler\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?", "choices": {"text": ["metric ruler", "stopwatch", "triple beam balance", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?\n1. metric ruler\n2. stopwatch\n3. triple beam balance\n4. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?", "choices": {"text": ["metric ruler", "stopwatch", "triple beam balance", "graduated cylinder"], "label": ["I", "C", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?\nI. metric ruler\nC. stopwatch\nV. triple beam balance\nB. graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?", "choices": {"text": ["triple beam balance", "graduated cylinder", "stopwatch", "metric ruler"], "label": ["I", "C", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which instrument would be best for measuring the volume of a pebble?\nI. triple beam balance\nC. graduated cylinder\nV. stopwatch\nB. metric ruler\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3974}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10952", "question": "Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?", "choices": {"text": ["minerals", "oxygen", "heat", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?\nA. minerals\nB. oxygen\nC. heat\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "minerals", "heat", "water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?\nA. oxygen\nB. minerals\nC. heat\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?", "choices": {"text": ["minerals", "oxygen", "heat", "water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?\n1. minerals\n2. oxygen\n3. heat\n4. water\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?", "choices": {"text": ["minerals", "oxygen", "heat", "water"], "label": ["W", "N", "M", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?\nW. minerals\nN. oxygen\nM. heat\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "minerals", "heat", "water"], "label": ["W", "N", "M", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a waste product of plant cells?\nW. oxygen\nN. minerals\nM. heat\nD. water\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3975}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407606", "question": "It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?", "choices": {"text": ["a source of solar power", "a source of electrical power", "a source of renewable energy", "a source of nonrenewable energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?\nA. a source of solar power\nB. a source of electrical power\nC. a source of renewable energy\nD. a source of nonrenewable energy\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?", "choices": {"text": ["a source of nonrenewable energy", "a source of solar power", "a source of renewable energy", "a source of electrical power"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?\nA. a source of nonrenewable energy\nB. a source of solar power\nC. a source of renewable energy\nD. a source of electrical power\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?", "choices": {"text": ["a source of solar power", "a source of electrical power", "a source of renewable energy", "a source of nonrenewable energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?\n1. a source of solar power\n2. a source of electrical power\n3. a source of renewable energy\n4. a source of nonrenewable energy\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?", "choices": {"text": ["a source of solar power", "a source of electrical power", "a source of renewable energy", "a source of nonrenewable energy"], "label": ["K", "A", "Z", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?\nK. a source of solar power\nA. a source of electrical power\nZ. a source of renewable energy\nP. a source of nonrenewable energy\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?", "choices": {"text": ["a source of nonrenewable energy", "a source of solar power", "a source of renewable energy", "a source of electrical power"], "label": ["K", "A", "Z", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: It can take millions of years for fossil fuels to form. These fossil fuels form underground from decaying plants and animals. Which term best describes a fossil fuel?\nK. a source of nonrenewable energy\nA. a source of solar power\nZ. a source of renewable energy\nP. a source of electrical power\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3976}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2010_8_31", "question": "Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the", "choices": {"text": ["relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle", "relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust", "hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core", "very dense rock located in Earth's inner core"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the\nA. relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle\nB. relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust\nC. hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core\nD. very dense rock located in Earth's inner core\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the", "choices": {"text": ["very dense rock located in Earth's inner core", "hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core", "relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle", "relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the\nA. very dense rock located in Earth's inner core\nB. hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core\nC. relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle\nD. relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the", "choices": {"text": ["relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle", "relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust", "hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core", "very dense rock located in Earth's inner core"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the\n1. relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle\n2. relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust\n3. hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core\n4. very dense rock located in Earth's inner core\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the", "choices": {"text": ["relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle", "relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust", "hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core", "very dense rock located in Earth's inner core"], "label": ["M", "H", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the\nM. relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle\nH. relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust\nI. hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core\nU. very dense rock located in Earth's inner core\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the", "choices": {"text": ["very dense rock located in Earth's inner core", "hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core", "relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle", "relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust"], "label": ["M", "H", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's hydrosphere is best described as the\nM. very dense rock located in Earth's inner core\nH. hot liquid rock located in Earth's outer core\nI. relatively thin layer of rock found above Earth's mantle\nU. relatively thin layer of water covering most of Earth's crust\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3977}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7044713", "question": "When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "speed", "gravity", "mass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?\nA. friction\nB. speed\nC. gravity\nD. mass\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "mass", "speed", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?\nA. friction\nB. mass\nC. speed\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "speed", "gravity", "mass"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?\n1. friction\n2. speed\n3. gravity\n4. mass\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "speed", "gravity", "mass"], "label": ["G", "Y", "L", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?\nG. friction\nY. speed\nL. gravity\nT. mass\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "mass", "speed", "gravity"], "label": ["G", "Y", "L", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: When riding a roller coaster, an electric motor pulls the roller coaster to the top of the first hill. What force pulls the roller coaster down the hill?\nG. friction\nY. mass\nL. speed\nT. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3978}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7056910", "question": "Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?", "choices": {"text": ["hawk", "mushroom", "mouse", "grass"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?\nA. hawk\nB. mushroom\nC. mouse\nD. grass\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?", "choices": {"text": ["mushroom", "hawk", "grass", "mouse"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?\nA. mushroom\nB. hawk\nC. grass\nD. mouse\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?", "choices": {"text": ["hawk", "mushroom", "mouse", "grass"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?\n1. hawk\n2. mushroom\n3. mouse\n4. grass\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?", "choices": {"text": ["hawk", "mushroom", "mouse", "grass"], "label": ["H", "F", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?\nH. hawk\nF. mushroom\nI. mouse\nU. grass\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?", "choices": {"text": ["mushroom", "hawk", "grass", "mouse"], "label": ["H", "F", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these organisms is classified as a decomposer?\nH. mushroom\nF. hawk\nI. grass\nU. mouse\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3979}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10390", "question": "A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?", "choices": {"text": ["reptile", "fish", "amphibian", "mammal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?\nA. reptile\nB. fish\nC. amphibian\nD. mammal\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?", "choices": {"text": ["fish", "amphibian", "mammal", "reptile"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?\nA. fish\nB. amphibian\nC. mammal\nD. reptile\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?", "choices": {"text": ["reptile", "fish", "amphibian", "mammal"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?\n1. reptile\n2. fish\n3. amphibian\n4. mammal\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?", "choices": {"text": ["reptile", "fish", "amphibian", "mammal"], "label": ["M", "I", "E", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?\nM. reptile\nI. fish\nE. amphibian\nR. mammal\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?", "choices": {"text": ["fish", "amphibian", "mammal", "reptile"], "label": ["M", "I", "E", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?\nM. fish\nI. amphibian\nE. mammal\nR. reptile\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3980}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_5_16", "question": "Which of these best describes a tornado?", "choices": {"text": ["A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation", "A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms", "A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow", "A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes a tornado?\nA. A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation\nB. A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms\nC. A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow\nD. A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes a tornado?", "choices": {"text": ["A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds", "A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow", "A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation", "A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes a tornado?\nA. A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds\nB. A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow\nC. A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation\nD. A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes a tornado?", "choices": {"text": ["A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation", "A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms", "A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow", "A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes a tornado?\n1. A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation\n2. A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms\n3. A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow\n4. A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes a tornado?", "choices": {"text": ["A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation", "A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms", "A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow", "A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds"], "label": ["R", "Y", "M", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes a tornado?\nR. A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation\nY. A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms\nM. A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow\nG. A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes a tornado?", "choices": {"text": ["A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds", "A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow", "A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation", "A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms"], "label": ["R", "Y", "M", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes a tornado?\nR. A storm that forms over warm ocean water and has extremely strong winds\nY. A severe weather condition with low temperatures and blowing snow\nM. A winter storm that produces frozen precipitation\nG. A rotating funnel-shaped cloud with strong winds and thunderstorms\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3981}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7005513", "question": "Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of", "choices": {"text": ["respiration.", "fertilization.", "evaporation.", "photosynthesis."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of\nA. respiration.\nB. fertilization.\nC. evaporation.\nD. photosynthesis.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of", "choices": {"text": ["photosynthesis.", "fertilization.", "evaporation.", "respiration."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of\nA. photosynthesis.\nB. fertilization.\nC. evaporation.\nD. respiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of", "choices": {"text": ["respiration.", "fertilization.", "evaporation.", "photosynthesis."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of\n1. respiration.\n2. fertilization.\n3. evaporation.\n4. photosynthesis.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of", "choices": {"text": ["respiration.", "fertilization.", "evaporation.", "photosynthesis."], "label": ["E", "Q", "P", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of\nE. respiration.\nQ. fertilization.\nP. evaporation.\nB. photosynthesis.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of", "choices": {"text": ["photosynthesis.", "fertilization.", "evaporation.", "respiration."], "label": ["E", "Q", "P", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of\nE. photosynthesis.\nQ. fertilization.\nP. evaporation.\nB. respiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3982}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7092488", "question": "A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?", "choices": {"text": ["deltas", "mountains", "dunes", "islands"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?\nA. deltas\nB. mountains\nC. dunes\nD. islands\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?", "choices": {"text": ["mountains", "dunes", "deltas", "islands"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?\nA. mountains\nB. dunes\nC. deltas\nD. islands\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?", "choices": {"text": ["deltas", "mountains", "dunes", "islands"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?\n1. deltas\n2. mountains\n3. dunes\n4. islands\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?", "choices": {"text": ["deltas", "mountains", "dunes", "islands"], "label": ["F", "J", "G", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?\nF. deltas\nJ. mountains\nG. dunes\nI. islands\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?", "choices": {"text": ["mountains", "dunes", "deltas", "islands"], "label": ["F", "J", "G", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A reverse fault occurs when one side of a fault plane is driven up over the other side. Reverse faults can cause which of these landforms?\nF. mountains\nJ. dunes\nG. deltas\nI. islands\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3983}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2016_5_2", "question": "A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?", "choices": {"text": ["a glass jar", "a paper cup", "a wooden box", "a plastic bottle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?\nA. a glass jar\nB. a paper cup\nC. a wooden box\nD. a plastic bottle\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?", "choices": {"text": ["a wooden box", "a glass jar", "a plastic bottle", "a paper cup"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?\nA. a wooden box\nB. a glass jar\nC. a plastic bottle\nD. a paper cup\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?", "choices": {"text": ["a glass jar", "a paper cup", "a wooden box", "a plastic bottle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?\n1. a glass jar\n2. a paper cup\n3. a wooden box\n4. a plastic bottle\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?", "choices": {"text": ["a glass jar", "a paper cup", "a wooden box", "a plastic bottle"], "label": ["S", "G", "V", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?\nS. a glass jar\nG. a paper cup\nV. a wooden box\nM. a plastic bottle\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?", "choices": {"text": ["a wooden box", "a glass jar", "a plastic bottle", "a paper cup"], "label": ["S", "G", "V", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is collecting water samples. The student needs a container that holds water, will not break easily, and can be used many times. Which of the following containers will best meet the student's needs?\nS. a wooden box\nG. a glass jar\nV. a plastic bottle\nM. a paper cup\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3984}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7220973", "question": "What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?", "choices": {"text": ["a virus suspended in the air", "an accident on a playground", "a genetic mutation in somatic cells", "an occurrence of acid rain"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?\nA. a virus suspended in the air\nB. an accident on a playground\nC. a genetic mutation in somatic cells\nD. an occurrence of acid rain\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?", "choices": {"text": ["an accident on a playground", "a genetic mutation in somatic cells", "an occurrence of acid rain", "a virus suspended in the air"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?\nA. an accident on a playground\nB. a genetic mutation in somatic cells\nC. an occurrence of acid rain\nD. a virus suspended in the air\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?", "choices": {"text": ["a virus suspended in the air", "an accident on a playground", "a genetic mutation in somatic cells", "an occurrence of acid rain"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?\n1. a virus suspended in the air\n2. an accident on a playground\n3. a genetic mutation in somatic cells\n4. an occurrence of acid rain\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?", "choices": {"text": ["a virus suspended in the air", "an accident on a playground", "a genetic mutation in somatic cells", "an occurrence of acid rain"], "label": ["L", "Y", "B", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?\nL. a virus suspended in the air\nY. an accident on a playground\nB. a genetic mutation in somatic cells\nW. an occurrence of acid rain\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?", "choices": {"text": ["an accident on a playground", "a genetic mutation in somatic cells", "an occurrence of acid rain", "a virus suspended in the air"], "label": ["L", "Y", "B", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: What condition is most likely to spread an illness between people?\nL. an accident on a playground\nY. a genetic mutation in somatic cells\nB. an occurrence of acid rain\nW. a virus suspended in the air\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3985}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7016520", "question": "When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?", "choices": {"text": ["deep-sea currents", "earthquake formation", "spreading of the sea floor", "sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?\nA. deep-sea currents\nB. earthquake formation\nC. spreading of the sea floor\nD. sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?", "choices": {"text": ["deep-sea currents", "earthquake formation", "sedimentary rocks", "spreading of the sea floor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?\nA. deep-sea currents\nB. earthquake formation\nC. sedimentary rocks\nD. spreading of the sea floor\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?", "choices": {"text": ["deep-sea currents", "earthquake formation", "spreading of the sea floor", "sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?\n1. deep-sea currents\n2. earthquake formation\n3. spreading of the sea floor\n4. sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?", "choices": {"text": ["deep-sea currents", "earthquake formation", "spreading of the sea floor", "sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["X", "E", "V", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?\nX. deep-sea currents\nE. earthquake formation\nV. spreading of the sea floor\nP. sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?", "choices": {"text": ["deep-sea currents", "earthquake formation", "sedimentary rocks", "spreading of the sea floor"], "label": ["X", "E", "V", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates?\nX. deep-sea currents\nE. earthquake formation\nV. sedimentary rocks\nP. spreading of the sea floor\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3986}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_413638", "question": "Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide and water", "oxygen and carbon dioxide", "carbon dioxide and food", "oxygen and food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?\nA. carbon dioxide and water\nB. oxygen and carbon dioxide\nC. carbon dioxide and food\nD. oxygen and food\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen and food", "carbon dioxide and food", "oxygen and carbon dioxide", "carbon dioxide and water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?\nA. oxygen and food\nB. carbon dioxide and food\nC. oxygen and carbon dioxide\nD. carbon dioxide and water\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide and water", "oxygen and carbon dioxide", "carbon dioxide and food", "oxygen and food"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?\n1. carbon dioxide and water\n2. oxygen and carbon dioxide\n3. carbon dioxide and food\n4. oxygen and food\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide and water", "oxygen and carbon dioxide", "carbon dioxide and food", "oxygen and food"], "label": ["Q", "R", "X", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?\nQ. carbon dioxide and water\nR. oxygen and carbon dioxide\nX. carbon dioxide and food\nP. oxygen and food\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen and food", "carbon dioxide and food", "oxygen and carbon dioxide", "carbon dioxide and water"], "label": ["Q", "R", "X", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two things are produced when a plant breaks down sugar to release energy?\nQ. oxygen and food\nR. carbon dioxide and food\nX. oxygen and carbon dioxide\nP. carbon dioxide and water\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3987}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7236618", "question": "A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?", "choices": {"text": ["linear movement due west", "linear movement due south", "clockwise movement", "counterclockwise movement"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?\nA. linear movement due west\nB. linear movement due south\nC. clockwise movement\nD. counterclockwise movement\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?", "choices": {"text": ["clockwise movement", "counterclockwise movement", "linear movement due south", "linear movement due west"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?\nA. clockwise movement\nB. counterclockwise movement\nC. linear movement due south\nD. linear movement due west\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?", "choices": {"text": ["linear movement due west", "linear movement due south", "clockwise movement", "counterclockwise movement"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?\n1. linear movement due west\n2. linear movement due south\n3. clockwise movement\n4. counterclockwise movement\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?", "choices": {"text": ["linear movement due west", "linear movement due south", "clockwise movement", "counterclockwise movement"], "label": ["D", "Z", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?\nD. linear movement due west\nZ. linear movement due south\nR. clockwise movement\nH. counterclockwise movement\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?", "choices": {"text": ["clockwise movement", "counterclockwise movement", "linear movement due south", "linear movement due west"], "label": ["D", "Z", "R", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist wants to track contaminant movement in the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a warm water current in the North Atlantic Ocean and is part of the North Atlantic gyre. The gyre is influenced by the Coriolis effect. To follow the contaminant after it exits the Gulf Stream, the scientist needs to know characteristics of the North Atlantic gyre. Which of these best describes a movement of the North Atlantic gyre the scientist needs to know?\nD. clockwise movement\nZ. counterclockwise movement\nR. linear movement due south\nH. linear movement due west\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3988}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7183523", "question": "The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["burning fossil fuels in power plants", "using pesticides on agricultural crops", "dumping waste matter into ocean waters", "clearing native forests for industrialization"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?\nA. burning fossil fuels in power plants\nB. using pesticides on agricultural crops\nC. dumping waste matter into ocean waters\nD. clearing native forests for industrialization\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["using pesticides on agricultural crops", "clearing native forests for industrialization", "dumping waste matter into ocean waters", "burning fossil fuels in power plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?\nA. using pesticides on agricultural crops\nB. clearing native forests for industrialization\nC. dumping waste matter into ocean waters\nD. burning fossil fuels in power plants\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["burning fossil fuels in power plants", "using pesticides on agricultural crops", "dumping waste matter into ocean waters", "clearing native forests for industrialization"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?\n1. burning fossil fuels in power plants\n2. using pesticides on agricultural crops\n3. dumping waste matter into ocean waters\n4. clearing native forests for industrialization\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["burning fossil fuels in power plants", "using pesticides on agricultural crops", "dumping waste matter into ocean waters", "clearing native forests for industrialization"], "label": ["Q", "V", "E", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?\nQ. burning fossil fuels in power plants\nV. using pesticides on agricultural crops\nE. dumping waste matter into ocean waters\nF. clearing native forests for industrialization\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["using pesticides on agricultural crops", "clearing native forests for industrialization", "dumping waste matter into ocean waters", "burning fossil fuels in power plants"], "label": ["Q", "V", "E", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?\nQ. using pesticides on agricultural crops\nV. clearing native forests for industrialization\nE. dumping waste matter into ocean waters\nF. burning fossil fuels in power plants\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3989}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7043890", "question": "What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?", "choices": {"text": ["It freezes.", "It condenses.", "It vaporizes.", "It polarizes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?\nA. It freezes.\nB. It condenses.\nC. It vaporizes.\nD. It polarizes.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?", "choices": {"text": ["It condenses.", "It vaporizes.", "It polarizes.", "It freezes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?\nA. It condenses.\nB. It vaporizes.\nC. It polarizes.\nD. It freezes.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?", "choices": {"text": ["It freezes.", "It condenses.", "It vaporizes.", "It polarizes."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?\n1. It freezes.\n2. It condenses.\n3. It vaporizes.\n4. It polarizes.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?", "choices": {"text": ["It freezes.", "It condenses.", "It vaporizes.", "It polarizes."], "label": ["L", "F", "M", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?\nL. It freezes.\nF. It condenses.\nM. It vaporizes.\nT. It polarizes.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?", "choices": {"text": ["It condenses.", "It vaporizes.", "It polarizes.", "It freezes."], "label": ["L", "F", "M", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to the water vapor in an air mass as it ascends?\nL. It condenses.\nF. It vaporizes.\nM. It polarizes.\nT. It freezes.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3990}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_4", "question": "Which two terms are used to describe weather?", "choices": {"text": ["wind direction and amount of erosion", "gravity and amount of rain", "groundwater and cloud cover", "air temperature and wind speed"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two terms are used to describe weather?\nA. wind direction and amount of erosion\nB. gravity and amount of rain\nC. groundwater and cloud cover\nD. air temperature and wind speed\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two terms are used to describe weather?", "choices": {"text": ["wind direction and amount of erosion", "gravity and amount of rain", "air temperature and wind speed", "groundwater and cloud cover"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two terms are used to describe weather?\nA. wind direction and amount of erosion\nB. gravity and amount of rain\nC. air temperature and wind speed\nD. groundwater and cloud cover\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two terms are used to describe weather?", "choices": {"text": ["wind direction and amount of erosion", "gravity and amount of rain", "groundwater and cloud cover", "air temperature and wind speed"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two terms are used to describe weather?\n1. wind direction and amount of erosion\n2. gravity and amount of rain\n3. groundwater and cloud cover\n4. air temperature and wind speed\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two terms are used to describe weather?", "choices": {"text": ["wind direction and amount of erosion", "gravity and amount of rain", "groundwater and cloud cover", "air temperature and wind speed"], "label": ["P", "E", "V", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two terms are used to describe weather?\nP. wind direction and amount of erosion\nE. gravity and amount of rain\nV. groundwater and cloud cover\nN. air temperature and wind speed\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two terms are used to describe weather?", "choices": {"text": ["wind direction and amount of erosion", "gravity and amount of rain", "air temperature and wind speed", "groundwater and cloud cover"], "label": ["P", "E", "V", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two terms are used to describe weather?\nP. wind direction and amount of erosion\nE. gravity and amount of rain\nV. air temperature and wind speed\nN. groundwater and cloud cover\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3991}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2016_8_19", "question": "In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["day", "month", "year", "century"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?\nA. day\nB. month\nC. year\nD. century\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["year", "day", "month", "century"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?\nA. year\nB. day\nC. month\nD. century\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["day", "month", "year", "century"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?\n1. day\n2. month\n3. year\n4. century\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["day", "month", "year", "century"], "label": ["Q", "H", "L", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?\nQ. day\nH. month\nL. year\nW. century\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["year", "day", "month", "century"], "label": ["Q", "H", "L", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?\nQ. year\nH. day\nL. month\nW. century\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3992}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7080973", "question": "While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?", "choices": {"text": ["quiet zones", "drop zones", "heavy objects", "frictionless surfaces"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?\nA. quiet zones\nB. drop zones\nC. heavy objects\nD. frictionless surfaces\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?", "choices": {"text": ["drop zones", "quiet zones", "heavy objects", "frictionless surfaces"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?\nA. drop zones\nB. quiet zones\nC. heavy objects\nD. frictionless surfaces\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?", "choices": {"text": ["quiet zones", "drop zones", "heavy objects", "frictionless surfaces"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?\n1. quiet zones\n2. drop zones\n3. heavy objects\n4. frictionless surfaces\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?", "choices": {"text": ["quiet zones", "drop zones", "heavy objects", "frictionless surfaces"], "label": ["B", "Y", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?\nB. quiet zones\nY. drop zones\nI. heavy objects\nL. frictionless surfaces\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?", "choices": {"text": ["drop zones", "quiet zones", "heavy objects", "frictionless surfaces"], "label": ["B", "Y", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: While conducting an experiment on gravity, what will be needed to ensure the safety of students?\nB. drop zones\nY. quiet zones\nI. heavy objects\nL. frictionless surfaces\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3993}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2011_5_25", "question": "All of the populations of species in an area make up a", "choices": {"text": ["region", "niche", "family", "community"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the populations of species in an area make up a\nA. region\nB. niche\nC. family\nD. community\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the populations of species in an area make up a", "choices": {"text": ["community", "family", "region", "niche"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the populations of species in an area make up a\nA. community\nB. family\nC. region\nD. niche\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the populations of species in an area make up a", "choices": {"text": ["region", "niche", "family", "community"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the populations of species in an area make up a\n1. region\n2. niche\n3. family\n4. community\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the populations of species in an area make up a", "choices": {"text": ["region", "niche", "family", "community"], "label": ["V", "E", "S", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the populations of species in an area make up a\nV. region\nE. niche\nS. family\nL. community\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the populations of species in an area make up a", "choices": {"text": ["community", "family", "region", "niche"], "label": ["V", "E", "S", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the populations of species in an area make up a\nV. community\nE. family\nS. region\nL. niche\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 3994}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7215548", "question": "Cell division is necessary for an organism to", "choices": {"text": ["obtain nutrients.", "grow and reproduce.", "make proteins.", "conserve matter and energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cell division is necessary for an organism to\nA. obtain nutrients.\nB. grow and reproduce.\nC. make proteins.\nD. conserve matter and energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Cell division is necessary for an organism to", "choices": {"text": ["conserve matter and energy.", "make proteins.", "grow and reproduce.", "obtain nutrients."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cell division is necessary for an organism to\nA. conserve matter and energy.\nB. make proteins.\nC. grow and reproduce.\nD. obtain nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Cell division is necessary for an organism to", "choices": {"text": ["obtain nutrients.", "grow and reproduce.", "make proteins.", "conserve matter and energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cell division is necessary for an organism to\n1. obtain nutrients.\n2. grow and reproduce.\n3. make proteins.\n4. conserve matter and energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cell division is necessary for an organism to", "choices": {"text": ["obtain nutrients.", "grow and reproduce.", "make proteins.", "conserve matter and energy."], "label": ["T", "O", "G", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cell division is necessary for an organism to\nT. obtain nutrients.\nO. grow and reproduce.\nG. make proteins.\nE. conserve matter and energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cell division is necessary for an organism to", "choices": {"text": ["conserve matter and energy.", "make proteins.", "grow and reproduce.", "obtain nutrients."], "label": ["T", "O", "G", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cell division is necessary for an organism to\nT. conserve matter and energy.\nO. make proteins.\nG. grow and reproduce.\nE. obtain nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3995}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7239365", "question": "A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?", "choices": {"text": ["mutation", "hybridization", "genetic drift", "trait acquisition"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?\nA. mutation\nB. hybridization\nC. genetic drift\nD. trait acquisition\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?", "choices": {"text": ["trait acquisition", "hybridization", "mutation", "genetic drift"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?\nA. trait acquisition\nB. hybridization\nC. mutation\nD. genetic drift\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?", "choices": {"text": ["mutation", "hybridization", "genetic drift", "trait acquisition"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?\n1. mutation\n2. hybridization\n3. genetic drift\n4. trait acquisition\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?", "choices": {"text": ["mutation", "hybridization", "genetic drift", "trait acquisition"], "label": ["W", "A", "G", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?\nW. mutation\nA. hybridization\nG. genetic drift\nD. trait acquisition\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?", "choices": {"text": ["trait acquisition", "hybridization", "mutation", "genetic drift"], "label": ["W", "A", "G", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A large plant population may impose selective pressure on a smaller, isolated group of plants, resulting in a change in allele distribution. Which mechanism is responsible for this change in the allele distribution?\nW. trait acquisition\nA. hybridization\nG. mutation\nD. genetic drift\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3996}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7223423", "question": "Two samples of gold must have the same", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "volume.", "length.", "density."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two samples of gold must have the same\nA. mass.\nB. volume.\nC. length.\nD. density.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Two samples of gold must have the same", "choices": {"text": ["volume.", "mass.", "density.", "length."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two samples of gold must have the same\nA. volume.\nB. mass.\nC. density.\nD. length.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Two samples of gold must have the same", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "volume.", "length.", "density."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two samples of gold must have the same\n1. mass.\n2. volume.\n3. length.\n4. density.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two samples of gold must have the same", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "volume.", "length.", "density."], "label": ["Q", "G", "A", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two samples of gold must have the same\nQ. mass.\nG. volume.\nA. length.\nT. density.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two samples of gold must have the same", "choices": {"text": ["volume.", "mass.", "density.", "length."], "label": ["Q", "G", "A", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two samples of gold must have the same\nQ. volume.\nG. mass.\nA. density.\nT. length.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 3997}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7081288", "question": "A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a", "choices": {"text": ["pie graph.", "bar graph.", "line graph.", "pictograph."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a\nA. pie graph.\nB. bar graph.\nC. line graph.\nD. pictograph.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a", "choices": {"text": ["line graph.", "pie graph.", "pictograph.", "bar graph."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a\nA. line graph.\nB. pie graph.\nC. pictograph.\nD. bar graph.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a", "choices": {"text": ["pie graph.", "bar graph.", "line graph.", "pictograph."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a\n1. pie graph.\n2. bar graph.\n3. line graph.\n4. pictograph.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a", "choices": {"text": ["pie graph.", "bar graph.", "line graph.", "pictograph."], "label": ["D", "B", "C", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a\nD. pie graph.\nB. bar graph.\nC. line graph.\nH. pictograph.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a", "choices": {"text": ["line graph.", "pie graph.", "pictograph.", "bar graph."], "label": ["D", "B", "C", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student organizes a list of the distances that five students ran in 10 minutes. Another way to best organize this data is by using a\nD. line graph.\nB. pie graph.\nC. pictograph.\nH. bar graph.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 3998}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400198", "question": "What is the dependent variable in this experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["type of soil used", "amount of water used", "length of sunlight exposure", "growth of the bean plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the dependent variable in this experiment?\nA. type of soil used\nB. amount of water used\nC. length of sunlight exposure\nD. growth of the bean plants\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the dependent variable in this experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["amount of water used", "growth of the bean plants", "length of sunlight exposure", "type of soil used"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the dependent variable in this experiment?\nA. amount of water used\nB. growth of the bean plants\nC. length of sunlight exposure\nD. type of soil used\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the dependent variable in this experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["type of soil used", "amount of water used", "length of sunlight exposure", "growth of the bean plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the dependent variable in this experiment?\n1. type of soil used\n2. amount of water used\n3. length of sunlight exposure\n4. growth of the bean plants\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the dependent variable in this experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["type of soil used", "amount of water used", "length of sunlight exposure", "growth of the bean plants"], "label": ["N", "A", "Z", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the dependent variable in this experiment?\nN. type of soil used\nA. amount of water used\nZ. length of sunlight exposure\nT. growth of the bean plants\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the dependent variable in this experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["amount of water used", "growth of the bean plants", "length of sunlight exposure", "type of soil used"], "label": ["N", "A", "Z", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the dependent variable in this experiment?\nN. amount of water used\nA. growth of the bean plants\nZ. length of sunlight exposure\nT. type of soil used\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 3999}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2007_8_43", "question": "Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy into electric energy", "nuclear energy into electric energy", "thermal energy into electric energy", "chemical energy into electric energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?\nA. kinetic energy into electric energy\nB. nuclear energy into electric energy\nC. thermal energy into electric energy\nD. chemical energy into electric energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy into electric energy", "chemical energy into electric energy", "thermal energy into electric energy", "kinetic energy into electric energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?\nA. nuclear energy into electric energy\nB. chemical energy into electric energy\nC. thermal energy into electric energy\nD. kinetic energy into electric energy\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy into electric energy", "nuclear energy into electric energy", "thermal energy into electric energy", "chemical energy into electric energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?\n1. kinetic energy into electric energy\n2. nuclear energy into electric energy\n3. thermal energy into electric energy\n4. chemical energy into electric energy\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["kinetic energy into electric energy", "nuclear energy into electric energy", "thermal energy into electric energy", "chemical energy into electric energy"], "label": ["A", "W", "X", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?\nA. kinetic energy into electric energy\nW. nuclear energy into electric energy\nX. thermal energy into electric energy\nG. chemical energy into electric energy\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy into electric energy", "chemical energy into electric energy", "thermal energy into electric energy", "kinetic energy into electric energy"], "label": ["A", "W", "X", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity?\nA. nuclear energy into electric energy\nW. chemical energy into electric energy\nX. thermal energy into electric energy\nG. kinetic energy into electric energy\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 4000}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_LBS10817", "question": "When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?", "choices": {"text": ["nova", "red giant", "supernova", "white dwarf"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?\nA. nova\nB. red giant\nC. supernova\nD. white dwarf\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?", "choices": {"text": ["white dwarf", "supernova", "nova", "red giant"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?\nA. white dwarf\nB. supernova\nC. nova\nD. red giant\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?", "choices": {"text": ["nova", "red giant", "supernova", "white dwarf"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?\n1. nova\n2. red giant\n3. supernova\n4. white dwarf\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?", "choices": {"text": ["nova", "red giant", "supernova", "white dwarf"], "label": ["Q", "O", "M", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?\nQ. nova\nO. red giant\nM. supernova\nJ. white dwarf\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?", "choices": {"text": ["white dwarf", "supernova", "nova", "red giant"], "label": ["Q", "O", "M", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a star explodes, an intensely bright object is formed. What is the name of this object?\nQ. white dwarf\nO. supernova\nM. nova\nJ. red giant\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 4001}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_189753", "question": "The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?", "choices": {"text": ["The westward deflection of equatorial winds.", "The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.", "The rotation of storm systems.", "The formation of calm \"eyes\" in the centers of cyclones."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?\nA. The westward deflection of equatorial winds.\nB. The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.\nC. The rotation of storm systems.\nD. The formation of calm \"eyes\" in the centers of cyclones.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?", "choices": {"text": ["The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.", "The rotation of storm systems.", "The formation of calm \"eyes\" in the centers of cyclones.", "The westward deflection of equatorial winds."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?\nA. The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.\nB. The rotation of storm systems.\nC. The formation of calm \"eyes\" in the centers of cyclones.\nD. The westward deflection of equatorial winds.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?", "choices": {"text": ["The westward deflection of equatorial winds.", "The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.", "The rotation of storm systems.", "The formation of calm \"eyes\" in the centers of cyclones."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?\n1. The westward deflection of equatorial winds.\n2. The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.\n3. The rotation of storm systems.\n4. The formation of calm \"eyes\" in the centers of cyclones.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?", "choices": {"text": ["The westward deflection of equatorial winds.", "The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.", "The rotation of storm systems.", "The formation of calm \"eyes\" in the centers of cyclones."], "label": ["X", "E", "A", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?\nX. The westward deflection of equatorial winds.\nE. The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.\nA. The rotation of storm systems.\nV. The formation of calm \"eyes\" in the centers of cyclones.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?", "choices": {"text": ["The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.", "The rotation of storm systems.", "The formation of calm \"eyes\" in the centers of cyclones.", "The westward deflection of equatorial winds."], "label": ["X", "E", "A", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon?\nX. The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.\nE. The rotation of storm systems.\nA. The formation of calm \"eyes\" in the centers of cyclones.\nV. The westward deflection of equatorial winds.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 4002}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2011_5_37", "question": "The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["to make sugar in the leaves", "to use starch from the stems", "to move water to the flowers", "to get nutrients through the roots"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?\nA. to make sugar in the leaves\nB. to use starch from the stems\nC. to move water to the flowers\nD. to get nutrients through the roots\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["to get nutrients through the roots", "to make sugar in the leaves", "to use starch from the stems", "to move water to the flowers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?\nA. to get nutrients through the roots\nB. to make sugar in the leaves\nC. to use starch from the stems\nD. to move water to the flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["to make sugar in the leaves", "to use starch from the stems", "to move water to the flowers", "to get nutrients through the roots"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?\n1. to make sugar in the leaves\n2. to use starch from the stems\n3. to move water to the flowers\n4. to get nutrients through the roots\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["to make sugar in the leaves", "to use starch from the stems", "to move water to the flowers", "to get nutrients through the roots"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "A", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?\nQ. to make sugar in the leaves\nZ. to use starch from the stems\nA. to move water to the flowers\nB. to get nutrients through the roots\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["to get nutrients through the roots", "to make sugar in the leaves", "to use starch from the stems", "to move water to the flowers"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "A", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The class puts the planters by the window so that the plants can get more sunlight. How do the tomato plants use sunlight?\nQ. to get nutrients through the roots\nZ. to make sugar in the leaves\nA. to use starch from the stems\nB. to move water to the flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 4003}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7247048", "question": "Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in biodiversity", "soil erosion along with water pollution", "the growth of plants in newly cleared areas", "animals relocating to different habitats"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?\nA. an increase in biodiversity\nB. soil erosion along with water pollution\nC. the growth of plants in newly cleared areas\nD. animals relocating to different habitats\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?", "choices": {"text": ["soil erosion along with water pollution", "an increase in biodiversity", "animals relocating to different habitats", "the growth of plants in newly cleared areas"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?\nA. soil erosion along with water pollution\nB. an increase in biodiversity\nC. animals relocating to different habitats\nD. the growth of plants in newly cleared areas\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in biodiversity", "soil erosion along with water pollution", "the growth of plants in newly cleared areas", "animals relocating to different habitats"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?\n1. an increase in biodiversity\n2. soil erosion along with water pollution\n3. the growth of plants in newly cleared areas\n4. animals relocating to different habitats\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in biodiversity", "soil erosion along with water pollution", "the growth of plants in newly cleared areas", "animals relocating to different habitats"], "label": ["H", "G", "U", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?\nH. an increase in biodiversity\nG. soil erosion along with water pollution\nU. the growth of plants in newly cleared areas\nA. animals relocating to different habitats\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?", "choices": {"text": ["soil erosion along with water pollution", "an increase in biodiversity", "animals relocating to different habitats", "the growth of plants in newly cleared areas"], "label": ["H", "G", "U", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the most serious impact to an ecosystem after a tornado?\nH. soil erosion along with water pollution\nG. an increase in biodiversity\nU. animals relocating to different habitats\nA. the growth of plants in newly cleared areas\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 4004}
{"arc_id": "CSZ20334", "question": "Gravity is responsible for the ___.", "choices": {"text": ["orbits of the planets around the Sun", "rotation of a planet on its axis", "tilt of Earth's axis", "phases of the Moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gravity is responsible for the ___.\nA. orbits of the planets around the Sun\nB. rotation of a planet on its axis\nC. tilt of Earth's axis\nD. phases of the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Gravity is responsible for the ___.", "choices": {"text": ["tilt of Earth's axis", "phases of the Moon", "orbits of the planets around the Sun", "rotation of a planet on its axis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gravity is responsible for the ___.\nA. tilt of Earth's axis\nB. phases of the Moon\nC. orbits of the planets around the Sun\nD. rotation of a planet on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Gravity is responsible for the ___.", "choices": {"text": ["orbits of the planets around the Sun", "rotation of a planet on its axis", "tilt of Earth's axis", "phases of the Moon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gravity is responsible for the ___.\n1. orbits of the planets around the Sun\n2. rotation of a planet on its axis\n3. tilt of Earth's axis\n4. phases of the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Gravity is responsible for the ___.", "choices": {"text": ["orbits of the planets around the Sun", "rotation of a planet on its axis", "tilt of Earth's axis", "phases of the Moon"], "label": ["H", "E", "J", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gravity is responsible for the ___.\nH. orbits of the planets around the Sun\nE. rotation of a planet on its axis\nJ. tilt of Earth's axis\nK. phases of the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Gravity is responsible for the ___.", "choices": {"text": ["tilt of Earth's axis", "phases of the Moon", "orbits of the planets around the Sun", "rotation of a planet on its axis"], "label": ["H", "E", "J", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Gravity is responsible for the ___.\nH. tilt of Earth's axis\nE. phases of the Moon\nJ. orbits of the planets around the Sun\nK. rotation of a planet on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 4005}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7195178", "question": "Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?", "choices": {"text": ["the nervous system", "the digestive system", "the excretory system", "the endocrine system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?\nA. the nervous system\nB. the digestive system\nC. the excretory system\nD. the endocrine system\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?", "choices": {"text": ["the digestive system", "the nervous system", "the endocrine system", "the excretory system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?\nA. the digestive system\nB. the nervous system\nC. the endocrine system\nD. the excretory system\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?", "choices": {"text": ["the nervous system", "the digestive system", "the excretory system", "the endocrine system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?\n1. the nervous system\n2. the digestive system\n3. the excretory system\n4. the endocrine system\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?", "choices": {"text": ["the nervous system", "the digestive system", "the excretory system", "the endocrine system"], "label": ["M", "J", "D", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?\nM. the nervous system\nJ. the digestive system\nD. the excretory system\nP. the endocrine system\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?", "choices": {"text": ["the digestive system", "the nervous system", "the endocrine system", "the excretory system"], "label": ["M", "J", "D", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some runners ate pasta before a race. The pasta was broken down into simple sugars and was absorbed by the blood stream. What body system was responsible for breaking down the pasta into small nutrients for use in the cells of the runners?\nM. the digestive system\nJ. the nervous system\nD. the endocrine system\nP. the excretory system\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 4006}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7246278", "question": "Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?", "choices": {"text": ["trenches", "rift zones", "tidal zones", "mountain ranges"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?\nA. trenches\nB. rift zones\nC. tidal zones\nD. mountain ranges\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?", "choices": {"text": ["mountain ranges", "tidal zones", "trenches", "rift zones"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?\nA. mountain ranges\nB. tidal zones\nC. trenches\nD. rift zones\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?", "choices": {"text": ["trenches", "rift zones", "tidal zones", "mountain ranges"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?\n1. trenches\n2. rift zones\n3. tidal zones\n4. mountain ranges\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?", "choices": {"text": ["trenches", "rift zones", "tidal zones", "mountain ranges"], "label": ["R", "O", "V", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?\nR. trenches\nO. rift zones\nV. tidal zones\nX. mountain ranges\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?", "choices": {"text": ["mountain ranges", "tidal zones", "trenches", "rift zones"], "label": ["R", "O", "V", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which crustal feature forms when two continental plates collide?\nR. mountain ranges\nO. tidal zones\nV. trenches\nX. rift zones\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 4007}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7015908", "question": "At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?", "choices": {"text": ["transform boundary", "divergent boundary", "subduction zone", "hot spot"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?\nA. transform boundary\nB. divergent boundary\nC. subduction zone\nD. hot spot\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?", "choices": {"text": ["subduction zone", "hot spot", "divergent boundary", "transform boundary"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?\nA. subduction zone\nB. hot spot\nC. divergent boundary\nD. transform boundary\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?", "choices": {"text": ["transform boundary", "divergent boundary", "subduction zone", "hot spot"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?\n1. transform boundary\n2. divergent boundary\n3. subduction zone\n4. hot spot\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?", "choices": {"text": ["transform boundary", "divergent boundary", "subduction zone", "hot spot"], "label": ["Y", "H", "E", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?\nY. transform boundary\nH. divergent boundary\nE. subduction zone\nG. hot spot\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?", "choices": {"text": ["subduction zone", "hot spot", "divergent boundary", "transform boundary"], "label": ["Y", "H", "E", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: At which location does the movement of tectonic plates form isolated volcanic islands, such as Hawaii?\nY. subduction zone\nH. hot spot\nE. divergent boundary\nG. transform boundary\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 4008}