{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_4_6", "question": "Which technology was developed most recently?", "choices": {"text": ["cellular telephone", "television", "refrigerator", "airplane"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technology was developed most recently?\nA. cellular telephone\nB. television\nC. refrigerator\nD. airplane\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technology was developed most recently?", "choices": {"text": ["refrigerator", "cellular telephone", "airplane", "television"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technology was developed most recently?\nA. refrigerator\nB. cellular telephone\nC. airplane\nD. television\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technology was developed most recently?", "choices": {"text": ["cellular telephone", "television", "refrigerator", "airplane"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technology was developed most recently?\n1. cellular telephone\n2. television\n3. refrigerator\n4. airplane\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technology was developed most recently?", "choices": {"text": ["cellular telephone", "television", "refrigerator", "airplane"], "label": ["T", "L", "K", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technology was developed most recently?\nT. cellular telephone\nL. television\nK. refrigerator\nN. airplane\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technology was developed most recently?", "choices": {"text": ["refrigerator", "cellular telephone", "airplane", "television"], "label": ["T", "L", "K", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technology was developed most recently?\nT. refrigerator\nL. cellular telephone\nK. airplane\nN. television\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2251}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7057260", "question": "A student hypothesizes that algae are producers. Which question will best help the student determine if this is correct?", "choices": {"text": ["Do algae consume other organisms?", "Which organisms consume algae?", "Do algae use sunlight to make food?", "Could an ecosystem survive without algae?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student hypothesizes that algae are producers. Which question will best help the student determine if this is correct?\nA. Do algae consume other organisms?\nB. Which organisms consume algae?\nC. Do algae use sunlight to make food?\nD. Could an ecosystem survive without algae?\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student hypothesizes that algae are producers. Which question will best help the student determine if this is correct?", "choices": {"text": ["Do algae use sunlight to make food?", "Do algae consume other organisms?", "Which organisms consume algae?", "Could an ecosystem survive without algae?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student hypothesizes that algae are producers. Which question will best help the student determine if this is correct?\nA. Do algae use sunlight to make food?\nB. Do algae consume other organisms?\nC. Which organisms consume algae?\nD. Could an ecosystem survive without algae?\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student hypothesizes that algae are producers. Which question will best help the student determine if this is correct?", "choices": {"text": ["Do algae consume other organisms?", "Which organisms consume algae?", "Do algae use sunlight to make food?", "Could an ecosystem survive without algae?"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student hypothesizes that algae are producers. Which question will best help the student determine if this is correct?\n1. Do algae consume other organisms?\n2. Which organisms consume algae?\n3. Do algae use sunlight to make food?\n4. Could an ecosystem survive without algae?\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student hypothesizes that algae are producers. Which question will best help the student determine if this is correct?", "choices": {"text": ["Do algae consume other organisms?", "Which organisms consume algae?", "Do algae use sunlight to make food?", "Could an ecosystem survive without algae?"], "label": ["I", "A", "C", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student hypothesizes that algae are producers. Which question will best help the student determine if this is correct?\nI. Do algae consume other organisms?\nA. Which organisms consume algae?\nC. Do algae use sunlight to make food?\nW. Could an ecosystem survive without algae?\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student hypothesizes that algae are producers. Which question will best help the student determine if this is correct?", "choices": {"text": ["Do algae use sunlight to make food?", "Do algae consume other organisms?", "Which organisms consume algae?", "Could an ecosystem survive without algae?"], "label": ["I", "A", "C", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student hypothesizes that algae are producers. Which question will best help the student determine if this is correct?\nI. Do algae use sunlight to make food?\nA. Do algae consume other organisms?\nC. Which organisms consume algae?\nW. Could an ecosystem survive without algae?\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2252}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2014_7_6", "question": "Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?", "choices": {"text": ["The nervous system", "The endocrine system", "The respiratory system", "The circulatory system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?\nA. The nervous system\nB. The endocrine system\nC. The respiratory system\nD. The circulatory system\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?", "choices": {"text": ["The respiratory system", "The endocrine system", "The circulatory system", "The nervous system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?\nA. The respiratory system\nB. The endocrine system\nC. The circulatory system\nD. The nervous system\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?", "choices": {"text": ["The nervous system", "The endocrine system", "The respiratory system", "The circulatory system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?\n1. The nervous system\n2. The endocrine system\n3. The respiratory system\n4. The circulatory system\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?", "choices": {"text": ["The nervous system", "The endocrine system", "The respiratory system", "The circulatory system"], "label": ["O", "L", "E", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?\nO. The nervous system\nL. The endocrine system\nE. The respiratory system\nP. The circulatory system\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?", "choices": {"text": ["The respiratory system", "The endocrine system", "The circulatory system", "The nervous system"], "label": ["O", "L", "E", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Soccer players use their muscle systems to kick a ball into a goal. What organ system coordinates the muscles?\nO. The respiratory system\nL. The endocrine system\nE. The circulatory system\nP. The nervous system\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2253}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7122448", "question": "Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?", "choices": {"text": ["the size of the planets", "gravitational pull of the Sun", "the composition of the planets", "electromagnetic radiation from the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?\nA. the size of the planets\nB. gravitational pull of the Sun\nC. the composition of the planets\nD. electromagnetic radiation from the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?", "choices": {"text": ["the composition of the planets", "electromagnetic radiation from the Sun", "gravitational pull of the Sun", "the size of the planets"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?\nA. the composition of the planets\nB. electromagnetic radiation from the Sun\nC. gravitational pull of the Sun\nD. the size of the planets\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?", "choices": {"text": ["the size of the planets", "gravitational pull of the Sun", "the composition of the planets", "electromagnetic radiation from the Sun"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?\n1. the size of the planets\n2. gravitational pull of the Sun\n3. the composition of the planets\n4. electromagnetic radiation from the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?", "choices": {"text": ["the size of the planets", "gravitational pull of the Sun", "the composition of the planets", "electromagnetic radiation from the Sun"], "label": ["Q", "Y", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?\nQ. the size of the planets\nY. gravitational pull of the Sun\nP. the composition of the planets\nG. electromagnetic radiation from the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?", "choices": {"text": ["the composition of the planets", "electromagnetic radiation from the Sun", "gravitational pull of the Sun", "the size of the planets"], "label": ["Q", "Y", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets in the solar system are in constant motion. What factor has the greatest effect on the orbits of the planets?\nQ. the composition of the planets\nY. electromagnetic radiation from the Sun\nP. gravitational pull of the Sun\nG. the size of the planets\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2254}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416516", "question": "How is a pond different from a lake?", "choices": {"text": ["Ponds have moving water.", "Ponds are smaller and shallower.", "Ponds are not surrounded by land.", "Ponds have a different amount of salt."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is a pond different from a lake?\nA. Ponds have moving water.\nB. Ponds are smaller and shallower.\nC. Ponds are not surrounded by land.\nD. Ponds have a different amount of salt.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How is a pond different from a lake?", "choices": {"text": ["Ponds have moving water.", "Ponds have a different amount of salt.", "Ponds are not surrounded by land.", "Ponds are smaller and shallower."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is a pond different from a lake?\nA. Ponds have moving water.\nB. Ponds have a different amount of salt.\nC. Ponds are not surrounded by land.\nD. Ponds are smaller and shallower.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How is a pond different from a lake?", "choices": {"text": ["Ponds have moving water.", "Ponds are smaller and shallower.", "Ponds are not surrounded by land.", "Ponds have a different amount of salt."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is a pond different from a lake?\n1. Ponds have moving water.\n2. Ponds are smaller and shallower.\n3. Ponds are not surrounded by land.\n4. Ponds have a different amount of salt.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How is a pond different from a lake?", "choices": {"text": ["Ponds have moving water.", "Ponds are smaller and shallower.", "Ponds are not surrounded by land.", "Ponds have a different amount of salt."], "label": ["Q", "M", "Y", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is a pond different from a lake?\nQ. Ponds have moving water.\nM. Ponds are smaller and shallower.\nY. Ponds are not surrounded by land.\nX. Ponds have a different amount of salt.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How is a pond different from a lake?", "choices": {"text": ["Ponds have moving water.", "Ponds have a different amount of salt.", "Ponds are not surrounded by land.", "Ponds are smaller and shallower."], "label": ["Q", "M", "Y", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: How is a pond different from a lake?\nQ. Ponds have moving water.\nM. Ponds have a different amount of salt.\nY. Ponds are not surrounded by land.\nX. Ponds are smaller and shallower.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2255}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2016_8_3", "question": "A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?", "choices": {"text": ["heat transfer", "physical change", "law of conservation of mass", "law of conservation of energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?\nA. heat transfer\nB. physical change\nC. law of conservation of mass\nD. law of conservation of energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?", "choices": {"text": ["law of conservation of mass", "law of conservation of energy", "physical change", "heat transfer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?\nA. law of conservation of mass\nB. law of conservation of energy\nC. physical change\nD. heat transfer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?", "choices": {"text": ["heat transfer", "physical change", "law of conservation of mass", "law of conservation of energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?\n1. heat transfer\n2. physical change\n3. law of conservation of mass\n4. law of conservation of energy\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?", "choices": {"text": ["heat transfer", "physical change", "law of conservation of mass", "law of conservation of energy"], "label": ["Z", "M", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?\nZ. heat transfer\nM. physical change\nS. law of conservation of mass\nW. law of conservation of energy\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?", "choices": {"text": ["law of conservation of mass", "law of conservation of energy", "physical change", "heat transfer"], "label": ["Z", "M", "S", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?\nZ. law of conservation of mass\nM. law of conservation of energy\nS. physical change\nW. heat transfer\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2256}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7030153", "question": "The cilia in the respiratory system are responsible for preventing dirt and mucus from entering the bronchial tubes and lungs. If the cilia are damaged, the person's bronchial tubes and lungs are most likely to", "choices": {"text": ["close to prevent further damage.", "stop producing mucus.", "become clogged.", "become efficient."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cilia in the respiratory system are responsible for preventing dirt and mucus from entering the bronchial tubes and lungs. If the cilia are damaged, the person's bronchial tubes and lungs are most likely to\nA. close to prevent further damage.\nB. stop producing mucus.\nC. become clogged.\nD. become efficient.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The cilia in the respiratory system are responsible for preventing dirt and mucus from entering the bronchial tubes and lungs. If the cilia are damaged, the person's bronchial tubes and lungs are most likely to", "choices": {"text": ["become clogged.", "stop producing mucus.", "close to prevent further damage.", "become efficient."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cilia in the respiratory system are responsible for preventing dirt and mucus from entering the bronchial tubes and lungs. If the cilia are damaged, the person's bronchial tubes and lungs are most likely to\nA. become clogged.\nB. stop producing mucus.\nC. close to prevent further damage.\nD. become efficient.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The cilia in the respiratory system are responsible for preventing dirt and mucus from entering the bronchial tubes and lungs. If the cilia are damaged, the person's bronchial tubes and lungs are most likely to", "choices": {"text": ["close to prevent further damage.", "stop producing mucus.", "become clogged.", "become efficient."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cilia in the respiratory system are responsible for preventing dirt and mucus from entering the bronchial tubes and lungs. If the cilia are damaged, the person's bronchial tubes and lungs are most likely to\n1. close to prevent further damage.\n2. stop producing mucus.\n3. become clogged.\n4. become efficient.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The cilia in the respiratory system are responsible for preventing dirt and mucus from entering the bronchial tubes and lungs. If the cilia are damaged, the person's bronchial tubes and lungs are most likely to", "choices": {"text": ["close to prevent further damage.", "stop producing mucus.", "become clogged.", "become efficient."], "label": ["T", "U", "J", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cilia in the respiratory system are responsible for preventing dirt and mucus from entering the bronchial tubes and lungs. If the cilia are damaged, the person's bronchial tubes and lungs are most likely to\nT. close to prevent further damage.\nU. stop producing mucus.\nJ. become clogged.\nQ. become efficient.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The cilia in the respiratory system are responsible for preventing dirt and mucus from entering the bronchial tubes and lungs. If the cilia are damaged, the person's bronchial tubes and lungs are most likely to", "choices": {"text": ["become clogged.", "stop producing mucus.", "close to prevent further damage.", "become efficient."], "label": ["T", "U", "J", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cilia in the respiratory system are responsible for preventing dirt and mucus from entering the bronchial tubes and lungs. If the cilia are damaged, the person's bronchial tubes and lungs are most likely to\nT. become clogged.\nU. stop producing mucus.\nJ. close to prevent further damage.\nQ. become efficient.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2257}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_8_43", "question": "Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?", "choices": {"text": ["fur and wings", "gills and feet", "feathers and wings", "moist skin and feet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?\nA. fur and wings\nB. gills and feet\nC. feathers and wings\nD. moist skin and feet\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?", "choices": {"text": ["moist skin and feet", "feathers and wings", "fur and wings", "gills and feet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?\nA. moist skin and feet\nB. feathers and wings\nC. fur and wings\nD. gills and feet\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?", "choices": {"text": ["fur and wings", "gills and feet", "feathers and wings", "moist skin and feet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?\n1. fur and wings\n2. gills and feet\n3. feathers and wings\n4. moist skin and feet\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?", "choices": {"text": ["fur and wings", "gills and feet", "feathers and wings", "moist skin and feet"], "label": ["Y", "X", "D", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?\nY. fur and wings\nX. gills and feet\nD. feathers and wings\nG. moist skin and feet\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?", "choices": {"text": ["moist skin and feet", "feathers and wings", "fur and wings", "gills and feet"], "label": ["Y", "X", "D", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two traits would best distinguish a bird from other vertebrates?\nY. moist skin and feet\nX. feathers and wings\nD. fur and wings\nG. gills and feet\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2258}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_10", "question": "A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms", "choices": {"text": ["obtain energy", "escape predators", "produce offspring", "excrete waste"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms\nA. obtain energy\nB. escape predators\nC. produce offspring\nD. excrete waste\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms", "choices": {"text": ["excrete waste", "obtain energy", "produce offspring", "escape predators"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms\nA. excrete waste\nB. obtain energy\nC. produce offspring\nD. escape predators\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms", "choices": {"text": ["obtain energy", "escape predators", "produce offspring", "excrete waste"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms\n1. obtain energy\n2. escape predators\n3. produce offspring\n4. excrete waste\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms", "choices": {"text": ["obtain energy", "escape predators", "produce offspring", "excrete waste"], "label": ["S", "Z", "D", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms\nS. obtain energy\nZ. escape predators\nD. produce offspring\nY. excrete waste\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms", "choices": {"text": ["excrete waste", "obtain energy", "produce offspring", "escape predators"], "label": ["S", "Z", "D", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A green plant absorbs light. A frog eats flies. These are both examples of how organisms\nS. excrete waste\nZ. obtain energy\nD. produce offspring\nY. escape predators\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2259}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10938", "question": "Which of these scientific advances occurred first?", "choices": {"text": ["the invention of the telescope", "the building of submarines", "the generation of electricity", "the breeding of plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these scientific advances occurred first?\nA. the invention of the telescope\nB. the building of submarines\nC. the generation of electricity\nD. the breeding of plants\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these scientific advances occurred first?", "choices": {"text": ["the building of submarines", "the generation of electricity", "the breeding of plants", "the invention of the telescope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these scientific advances occurred first?\nA. the building of submarines\nB. the generation of electricity\nC. the breeding of plants\nD. the invention of the telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these scientific advances occurred first?", "choices": {"text": ["the invention of the telescope", "the building of submarines", "the generation of electricity", "the breeding of plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these scientific advances occurred first?\n1. the invention of the telescope\n2. the building of submarines\n3. the generation of electricity\n4. the breeding of plants\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these scientific advances occurred first?", "choices": {"text": ["the invention of the telescope", "the building of submarines", "the generation of electricity", "the breeding of plants"], "label": ["F", "M", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these scientific advances occurred first?\nF. the invention of the telescope\nM. the building of submarines\nI. the generation of electricity\nU. the breeding of plants\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these scientific advances occurred first?", "choices": {"text": ["the building of submarines", "the generation of electricity", "the breeding of plants", "the invention of the telescope"], "label": ["F", "M", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these scientific advances occurred first?\nF. the building of submarines\nM. the generation of electricity\nI. the breeding of plants\nU. the invention of the telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2260}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2007_7_19", "question": "Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "hygrometer", "thermometer", "magnetometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?\nA. barometer\nB. hygrometer\nC. thermometer\nD. magnetometer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "magnetometer", "barometer", "hygrometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?\nA. thermometer\nB. magnetometer\nC. barometer\nD. hygrometer\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "hygrometer", "thermometer", "magnetometer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?\n1. barometer\n2. hygrometer\n3. thermometer\n4. magnetometer\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "hygrometer", "thermometer", "magnetometer"], "label": ["F", "J", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?\nF. barometer\nJ. hygrometer\nD. thermometer\nB. magnetometer\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "magnetometer", "barometer", "hygrometer"], "label": ["F", "J", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which instrument measures atmospheric pressure?\nF. thermometer\nJ. magnetometer\nD. barometer\nB. hygrometer\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2261}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_176873", "question": "Which of the following is produced during the process of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "sodium chloride", "oxygen", "sugar"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is produced during the process of cellular respiration?\nA. carbon dioxide\nB. sodium chloride\nC. oxygen\nD. sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is produced during the process of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["sodium chloride", "sugar", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is produced during the process of cellular respiration?\nA. sodium chloride\nB. sugar\nC. oxygen\nD. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is produced during the process of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "sodium chloride", "oxygen", "sugar"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is produced during the process of cellular respiration?\n1. carbon dioxide\n2. sodium chloride\n3. oxygen\n4. sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is produced during the process of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "sodium chloride", "oxygen", "sugar"], "label": ["D", "B", "N", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is produced during the process of cellular respiration?\nD. carbon dioxide\nB. sodium chloride\nN. oxygen\nC. sugar\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is produced during the process of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["sodium chloride", "sugar", "oxygen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["D", "B", "N", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is produced during the process of cellular respiration?\nD. sodium chloride\nB. sugar\nN. oxygen\nC. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2262}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10170", "question": "An anemometer is a tool that measures", "choices": {"text": ["wind direction.", "wind speed.", "air pressure.", "air temperature."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An anemometer is a tool that measures\nA. wind direction.\nB. wind speed.\nC. air pressure.\nD. air temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An anemometer is a tool that measures", "choices": {"text": ["air temperature.", "wind direction.", "air pressure.", "wind speed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An anemometer is a tool that measures\nA. air temperature.\nB. wind direction.\nC. air pressure.\nD. wind speed.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An anemometer is a tool that measures", "choices": {"text": ["wind direction.", "wind speed.", "air pressure.", "air temperature."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An anemometer is a tool that measures\n1. wind direction.\n2. wind speed.\n3. air pressure.\n4. air temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An anemometer is a tool that measures", "choices": {"text": ["wind direction.", "wind speed.", "air pressure.", "air temperature."], "label": ["N", "X", "T", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: An anemometer is a tool that measures\nN. wind direction.\nX. wind speed.\nT. air pressure.\nB. air temperature.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An anemometer is a tool that measures", "choices": {"text": ["air temperature.", "wind direction.", "air pressure.", "wind speed."], "label": ["N", "X", "T", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: An anemometer is a tool that measures\nN. air temperature.\nX. wind direction.\nT. air pressure.\nB. wind speed.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2263}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400978", "question": "The element cesium, Cs, is an alkali metal. Which chemical formula represents a cesium compound that is likely to exist?", "choices": {"text": ["CsCl", "CsCl_{2}", "CsO", "CsO_{2}"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The element cesium, Cs, is an alkali metal. Which chemical formula represents a cesium compound that is likely to exist?\nA. CsCl\nB. CsCl_{2}\nC. CsO\nD. CsO_{2}\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The element cesium, Cs, is an alkali metal. Which chemical formula represents a cesium compound that is likely to exist?", "choices": {"text": ["CsO_{2}", "CsCl", "CsO", "CsCl_{2}"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The element cesium, Cs, is an alkali metal. Which chemical formula represents a cesium compound that is likely to exist?\nA. CsO_{2}\nB. CsCl\nC. CsO\nD. CsCl_{2}\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The element cesium, Cs, is an alkali metal. Which chemical formula represents a cesium compound that is likely to exist?", "choices": {"text": ["CsCl", "CsCl_{2}", "CsO", "CsO_{2}"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The element cesium, Cs, is an alkali metal. Which chemical formula represents a cesium compound that is likely to exist?\n1. CsCl\n2. CsCl_{2}\n3. CsO\n4. CsO_{2}\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The element cesium, Cs, is an alkali metal. Which chemical formula represents a cesium compound that is likely to exist?", "choices": {"text": ["CsCl", "CsCl_{2}", "CsO", "CsO_{2}"], "label": ["W", "B", "J", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The element cesium, Cs, is an alkali metal. Which chemical formula represents a cesium compound that is likely to exist?\nW. CsCl\nB. CsCl_{2}\nJ. CsO\nQ. CsO_{2}\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The element cesium, Cs, is an alkali metal. Which chemical formula represents a cesium compound that is likely to exist?", "choices": {"text": ["CsO_{2}", "CsCl", "CsO", "CsCl_{2}"], "label": ["W", "B", "J", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: The element cesium, Cs, is an alkali metal. Which chemical formula represents a cesium compound that is likely to exist?\nW. CsO_{2}\nB. CsCl\nJ. CsO\nQ. CsCl_{2}\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2264}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7185220", "question": "The cells of a plant help the plant maintain its life functions. What part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplast", "cytoplasm", "mitochondria", "nucleus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cells of a plant help the plant maintain its life functions. What part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?\nA. chloroplast\nB. cytoplasm\nC. mitochondria\nD. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The cells of a plant help the plant maintain its life functions. What part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["cytoplasm", "chloroplast", "mitochondria", "nucleus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cells of a plant help the plant maintain its life functions. What part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?\nA. cytoplasm\nB. chloroplast\nC. mitochondria\nD. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The cells of a plant help the plant maintain its life functions. What part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplast", "cytoplasm", "mitochondria", "nucleus"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cells of a plant help the plant maintain its life functions. What part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?\n1. chloroplast\n2. cytoplasm\n3. mitochondria\n4. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The cells of a plant help the plant maintain its life functions. What part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplast", "cytoplasm", "mitochondria", "nucleus"], "label": ["G", "N", "O", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cells of a plant help the plant maintain its life functions. What part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?\nG. chloroplast\nN. cytoplasm\nO. mitochondria\nB. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The cells of a plant help the plant maintain its life functions. What part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?", "choices": {"text": ["cytoplasm", "chloroplast", "mitochondria", "nucleus"], "label": ["G", "N", "O", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The cells of a plant help the plant maintain its life functions. What part of a plant cell has the function of producing sugar in the presence of sunlight?\nG. cytoplasm\nN. chloroplast\nO. mitochondria\nB. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2265}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7213378", "question": "A sample of sulfur forms crystals when it", "choices": {"text": ["melts.", "freezes.", "evaporates.", "condenses."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sample of sulfur forms crystals when it\nA. melts.\nB. freezes.\nC. evaporates.\nD. condenses.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A sample of sulfur forms crystals when it", "choices": {"text": ["evaporates.", "melts.", "freezes.", "condenses."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sample of sulfur forms crystals when it\nA. evaporates.\nB. melts.\nC. freezes.\nD. condenses.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A sample of sulfur forms crystals when it", "choices": {"text": ["melts.", "freezes.", "evaporates.", "condenses."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sample of sulfur forms crystals when it\n1. melts.\n2. freezes.\n3. evaporates.\n4. condenses.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A sample of sulfur forms crystals when it", "choices": {"text": ["melts.", "freezes.", "evaporates.", "condenses."], "label": ["N", "P", "D", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sample of sulfur forms crystals when it\nN. melts.\nP. freezes.\nD. evaporates.\nQ. condenses.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A sample of sulfur forms crystals when it", "choices": {"text": ["evaporates.", "melts.", "freezes.", "condenses."], "label": ["N", "P", "D", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sample of sulfur forms crystals when it\nN. evaporates.\nP. melts.\nD. freezes.\nQ. condenses.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2266}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7241343", "question": "When a person is infected with the influenza virus, the immune system defends the body through a cell-mediated immune response. Which immune cell is responsible for protecting the body from the influenza virus infection?", "choices": {"text": ["phagocytes", "B lymphocytes", "helper T lymphocytes", "cytotoxic T lymphocytes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a person is infected with the influenza virus, the immune system defends the body through a cell-mediated immune response. Which immune cell is responsible for protecting the body from the influenza virus infection?\nA. phagocytes\nB. B lymphocytes\nC. helper T lymphocytes\nD. cytotoxic T lymphocytes\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a person is infected with the influenza virus, the immune system defends the body through a cell-mediated immune response. Which immune cell is responsible for protecting the body from the influenza virus infection?", "choices": {"text": ["cytotoxic T lymphocytes", "helper T lymphocytes", "B lymphocytes", "phagocytes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a person is infected with the influenza virus, the immune system defends the body through a cell-mediated immune response. Which immune cell is responsible for protecting the body from the influenza virus infection?\nA. cytotoxic T lymphocytes\nB. helper T lymphocytes\nC. B lymphocytes\nD. phagocytes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a person is infected with the influenza virus, the immune system defends the body through a cell-mediated immune response. Which immune cell is responsible for protecting the body from the influenza virus infection?", "choices": {"text": ["phagocytes", "B lymphocytes", "helper T lymphocytes", "cytotoxic T lymphocytes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a person is infected with the influenza virus, the immune system defends the body through a cell-mediated immune response. Which immune cell is responsible for protecting the body from the influenza virus infection?\n1. phagocytes\n2. B lymphocytes\n3. helper T lymphocytes\n4. cytotoxic T lymphocytes\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a person is infected with the influenza virus, the immune system defends the body through a cell-mediated immune response. Which immune cell is responsible for protecting the body from the influenza virus infection?", "choices": {"text": ["phagocytes", "B lymphocytes", "helper T lymphocytes", "cytotoxic T lymphocytes"], "label": ["D", "H", "N", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a person is infected with the influenza virus, the immune system defends the body through a cell-mediated immune response. Which immune cell is responsible for protecting the body from the influenza virus infection?\nD. phagocytes\nH. B lymphocytes\nN. helper T lymphocytes\nE. cytotoxic T lymphocytes\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a person is infected with the influenza virus, the immune system defends the body through a cell-mediated immune response. Which immune cell is responsible for protecting the body from the influenza virus infection?", "choices": {"text": ["cytotoxic T lymphocytes", "helper T lymphocytes", "B lymphocytes", "phagocytes"], "label": ["D", "H", "N", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a person is infected with the influenza virus, the immune system defends the body through a cell-mediated immune response. Which immune cell is responsible for protecting the body from the influenza virus infection?\nD. cytotoxic T lymphocytes\nH. helper T lymphocytes\nN. B lymphocytes\nE. phagocytes\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2267}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_1995_8_J5", "question": "Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?", "choices": {"text": ["Visible", "Ultraviolet", "Infrared", "X-rays", "Radio waves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?\nA. Visible\nB. Ultraviolet\nC. Infrared\nD. X-rays\nE. Radio waves\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?", "choices": {"text": ["Ultraviolet", "Visible", "Infrared", "Radio waves", "X-rays"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?\nA. Ultraviolet\nB. Visible\nC. Infrared\nD. Radio waves\nE. X-rays\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?", "choices": {"text": ["Visible", "Ultraviolet", "Infrared", "X-rays", "Radio waves"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?\n1. Visible\n2. Ultraviolet\n3. Infrared\n4. X-rays\n5. Radio waves\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?", "choices": {"text": ["Visible", "Ultraviolet", "Infrared", "X-rays", "Radio waves"], "label": ["F", "A", "N", "H", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?\nF. Visible\nA. Ultraviolet\nN. Infrared\nH. X-rays\nP. Radio waves\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?", "choices": {"text": ["Ultraviolet", "Visible", "Infrared", "Radio waves", "X-rays"], "label": ["F", "A", "N", "H", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which form of solar radiation causes sunburn?\nF. Ultraviolet\nA. Visible\nN. Infrared\nH. Radio waves\nP. X-rays\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2268}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7271583", "question": "About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?", "choices": {"text": ["North American Plate", "African Plate", "Pacific Plate", "Nazca Plate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?\nA. North American Plate\nB. African Plate\nC. Pacific Plate\nD. Nazca Plate\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?", "choices": {"text": ["North American Plate", "Pacific Plate", "African Plate", "Nazca Plate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?\nA. North American Plate\nB. Pacific Plate\nC. African Plate\nD. Nazca Plate\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?", "choices": {"text": ["North American Plate", "African Plate", "Pacific Plate", "Nazca Plate"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?\n1. North American Plate\n2. African Plate\n3. Pacific Plate\n4. Nazca Plate\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?", "choices": {"text": ["North American Plate", "African Plate", "Pacific Plate", "Nazca Plate"], "label": ["Q", "K", "T", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?\nQ. North American Plate\nK. African Plate\nT. Pacific Plate\nL. Nazca Plate\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?", "choices": {"text": ["North American Plate", "Pacific Plate", "African Plate", "Nazca Plate"], "label": ["Q", "K", "T", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?\nQ. North American Plate\nK. Pacific Plate\nT. African Plate\nL. Nazca Plate\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2269}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_412415", "question": "Which of the following is the most accurate measurement for the length of an object that is actually 15.0 m long?", "choices": {"text": ["15.35 m", "15.2 m", "14.55 m", "14.5 m"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most accurate measurement for the length of an object that is actually 15.0 m long?\nA. 15.35 m\nB. 15.2 m\nC. 14.55 m\nD. 14.5 m\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most accurate measurement for the length of an object that is actually 15.0 m long?", "choices": {"text": ["15.2 m", "14.55 m", "14.5 m", "15.35 m"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most accurate measurement for the length of an object that is actually 15.0 m long?\nA. 15.2 m\nB. 14.55 m\nC. 14.5 m\nD. 15.35 m\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most accurate measurement for the length of an object that is actually 15.0 m long?", "choices": {"text": ["15.35 m", "15.2 m", "14.55 m", "14.5 m"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most accurate measurement for the length of an object that is actually 15.0 m long?\n1. 15.35 m\n2. 15.2 m\n3. 14.55 m\n4. 14.5 m\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most accurate measurement for the length of an object that is actually 15.0 m long?", "choices": {"text": ["15.35 m", "15.2 m", "14.55 m", "14.5 m"], "label": ["F", "V", "S", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most accurate measurement for the length of an object that is actually 15.0 m long?\nF. 15.35 m\nV. 15.2 m\nS. 14.55 m\nD. 14.5 m\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most accurate measurement for the length of an object that is actually 15.0 m long?", "choices": {"text": ["15.2 m", "14.55 m", "14.5 m", "15.35 m"], "label": ["F", "V", "S", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most accurate measurement for the length of an object that is actually 15.0 m long?\nF. 15.2 m\nV. 14.55 m\nS. 14.5 m\nD. 15.35 m\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2270}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400175", "question": "After a rainfall, which process in the water cycle draws the water back up into the air?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "circulation", "precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a rainfall, which process in the water cycle draws the water back up into the air?\nA. condensation\nB. evaporation\nC. circulation\nD. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After a rainfall, which process in the water cycle draws the water back up into the air?", "choices": {"text": ["circulation", "precipitation", "condensation", "evaporation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a rainfall, which process in the water cycle draws the water back up into the air?\nA. circulation\nB. precipitation\nC. condensation\nD. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After a rainfall, which process in the water cycle draws the water back up into the air?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "circulation", "precipitation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a rainfall, which process in the water cycle draws the water back up into the air?\n1. condensation\n2. evaporation\n3. circulation\n4. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a rainfall, which process in the water cycle draws the water back up into the air?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "circulation", "precipitation"], "label": ["P", "N", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a rainfall, which process in the water cycle draws the water back up into the air?\nP. condensation\nN. evaporation\nB. circulation\nT. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a rainfall, which process in the water cycle draws the water back up into the air?", "choices": {"text": ["circulation", "precipitation", "condensation", "evaporation"], "label": ["P", "N", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a rainfall, which process in the water cycle draws the water back up into the air?\nP. circulation\nN. precipitation\nB. condensation\nT. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2271}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7006213", "question": "When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except", "choices": {"text": ["transverse.", "mechanical.", "compression.", "longitudinal."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except\nA. transverse.\nB. mechanical.\nC. compression.\nD. longitudinal.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except", "choices": {"text": ["compression.", "longitudinal.", "mechanical.", "transverse."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except\nA. compression.\nB. longitudinal.\nC. mechanical.\nD. transverse.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except", "choices": {"text": ["transverse.", "mechanical.", "compression.", "longitudinal."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except\n1. transverse.\n2. mechanical.\n3. compression.\n4. longitudinal.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except", "choices": {"text": ["transverse.", "mechanical.", "compression.", "longitudinal."], "label": ["C", "A", "G", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except\nC. transverse.\nA. mechanical.\nG. compression.\nE. longitudinal.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except", "choices": {"text": ["compression.", "longitudinal.", "mechanical.", "transverse."], "label": ["C", "A", "G", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a person speaks, the type of wave produced can be described as all these except\nC. compression.\nA. longitudinal.\nG. mechanical.\nE. transverse.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2272}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_5_28", "question": "Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causes this difference in temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "evaporation", "radiation", "conduction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causes this difference in temperature?\nA. convection\nB. evaporation\nC. radiation\nD. conduction\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causes this difference in temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["radiation", "convection", "conduction", "evaporation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causes this difference in temperature?\nA. radiation\nB. convection\nC. conduction\nD. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causes this difference in temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "evaporation", "radiation", "conduction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causes this difference in temperature?\n1. convection\n2. evaporation\n3. radiation\n4. conduction\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causes this difference in temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "evaporation", "radiation", "conduction"], "label": ["B", "E", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causes this difference in temperature?\nB. convection\nE. evaporation\nN. radiation\nI. conduction\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causes this difference in temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["radiation", "convection", "conduction", "evaporation"], "label": ["B", "E", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causes this difference in temperature?\nB. radiation\nE. convection\nN. conduction\nI. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2273}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407569", "question": "Andy adds a small amount of water to sand and makes shapes with the wet sand. Which of these best describes the wet sand?", "choices": {"text": ["a mixture", "a solution", "an element", "a compound"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Andy adds a small amount of water to sand and makes shapes with the wet sand. Which of these best describes the wet sand?\nA. a mixture\nB. a solution\nC. an element\nD. a compound\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Andy adds a small amount of water to sand and makes shapes with the wet sand. Which of these best describes the wet sand?", "choices": {"text": ["a solution", "a compound", "an element", "a mixture"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Andy adds a small amount of water to sand and makes shapes with the wet sand. Which of these best describes the wet sand?\nA. a solution\nB. a compound\nC. an element\nD. a mixture\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Andy adds a small amount of water to sand and makes shapes with the wet sand. Which of these best describes the wet sand?", "choices": {"text": ["a mixture", "a solution", "an element", "a compound"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Andy adds a small amount of water to sand and makes shapes with the wet sand. Which of these best describes the wet sand?\n1. a mixture\n2. a solution\n3. an element\n4. a compound\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Andy adds a small amount of water to sand and makes shapes with the wet sand. Which of these best describes the wet sand?", "choices": {"text": ["a mixture", "a solution", "an element", "a compound"], "label": ["X", "S", "Q", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Andy adds a small amount of water to sand and makes shapes with the wet sand. Which of these best describes the wet sand?\nX. a mixture\nS. a solution\nQ. an element\nH. a compound\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Andy adds a small amount of water to sand and makes shapes with the wet sand. Which of these best describes the wet sand?", "choices": {"text": ["a solution", "a compound", "an element", "a mixture"], "label": ["X", "S", "Q", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Andy adds a small amount of water to sand and makes shapes with the wet sand. Which of these best describes the wet sand?\nX. a solution\nS. a compound\nQ. an element\nH. a mixture\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2274}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1999_8_35", "question": "To observe materials up close and in greater detail we use", "choices": {"text": ["gripping tools.", "optical tools.", "cutting tools.", "polishing tools."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: To observe materials up close and in greater detail we use\nA. gripping tools.\nB. optical tools.\nC. cutting tools.\nD. polishing tools.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "To observe materials up close and in greater detail we use", "choices": {"text": ["cutting tools.", "gripping tools.", "polishing tools.", "optical tools."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: To observe materials up close and in greater detail we use\nA. cutting tools.\nB. gripping tools.\nC. polishing tools.\nD. optical tools.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "To observe materials up close and in greater detail we use", "choices": {"text": ["gripping tools.", "optical tools.", "cutting tools.", "polishing tools."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: To observe materials up close and in greater detail we use\n1. gripping tools.\n2. optical tools.\n3. cutting tools.\n4. polishing tools.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "To observe materials up close and in greater detail we use", "choices": {"text": ["gripping tools.", "optical tools.", "cutting tools.", "polishing tools."], "label": ["L", "Y", "C", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: To observe materials up close and in greater detail we use\nL. gripping tools.\nY. optical tools.\nC. cutting tools.\nI. polishing tools.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "To observe materials up close and in greater detail we use", "choices": {"text": ["cutting tools.", "gripping tools.", "polishing tools.", "optical tools."], "label": ["L", "Y", "C", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: To observe materials up close and in greater detail we use\nL. cutting tools.\nY. gripping tools.\nC. polishing tools.\nI. optical tools.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2275}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2009_5_14", "question": "Joyce is conducting a traffic survey and needs to find out how many cars cross the crosswalk in the morning before the school bell rings. How should she collect this data?", "choices": {"text": ["Make a tally chart", "Draw a pictograph", "Take a picture of each passing car", "Write down the cars' license plate numbers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joyce is conducting a traffic survey and needs to find out how many cars cross the crosswalk in the morning before the school bell rings. How should she collect this data?\nA. Make a tally chart\nB. Draw a pictograph\nC. Take a picture of each passing car\nD. Write down the cars' license plate numbers\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Joyce is conducting a traffic survey and needs to find out how many cars cross the crosswalk in the morning before the school bell rings. How should she collect this data?", "choices": {"text": ["Write down the cars' license plate numbers", "Draw a pictograph", "Take a picture of each passing car", "Make a tally chart"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joyce is conducting a traffic survey and needs to find out how many cars cross the crosswalk in the morning before the school bell rings. How should she collect this data?\nA. Write down the cars' license plate numbers\nB. Draw a pictograph\nC. Take a picture of each passing car\nD. Make a tally chart\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Joyce is conducting a traffic survey and needs to find out how many cars cross the crosswalk in the morning before the school bell rings. How should she collect this data?", "choices": {"text": ["Make a tally chart", "Draw a pictograph", "Take a picture of each passing car", "Write down the cars' license plate numbers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joyce is conducting a traffic survey and needs to find out how many cars cross the crosswalk in the morning before the school bell rings. How should she collect this data?\n1. Make a tally chart\n2. Draw a pictograph\n3. Take a picture of each passing car\n4. Write down the cars' license plate numbers\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Joyce is conducting a traffic survey and needs to find out how many cars cross the crosswalk in the morning before the school bell rings. How should she collect this data?", "choices": {"text": ["Make a tally chart", "Draw a pictograph", "Take a picture of each passing car", "Write down the cars' license plate numbers"], "label": ["L", "N", "X", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joyce is conducting a traffic survey and needs to find out how many cars cross the crosswalk in the morning before the school bell rings. How should she collect this data?\nL. Make a tally chart\nN. Draw a pictograph\nX. Take a picture of each passing car\nI. Write down the cars' license plate numbers\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Joyce is conducting a traffic survey and needs to find out how many cars cross the crosswalk in the morning before the school bell rings. How should she collect this data?", "choices": {"text": ["Write down the cars' license plate numbers", "Draw a pictograph", "Take a picture of each passing car", "Make a tally chart"], "label": ["L", "N", "X", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Joyce is conducting a traffic survey and needs to find out how many cars cross the crosswalk in the morning before the school bell rings. How should she collect this data?\nL. Write down the cars' license plate numbers\nN. Draw a pictograph\nX. Take a picture of each passing car\nI. Make a tally chart\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2276}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7112788", "question": "A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?", "choices": {"text": ["change the food source", "use more than one squirrel", "increase the number of students", "shorten the period of observation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?\nA. change the food source\nB. use more than one squirrel\nC. increase the number of students\nD. shorten the period of observation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?", "choices": {"text": ["use more than one squirrel", "change the food source", "increase the number of students", "shorten the period of observation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?\nA. use more than one squirrel\nB. change the food source\nC. increase the number of students\nD. shorten the period of observation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?", "choices": {"text": ["change the food source", "use more than one squirrel", "increase the number of students", "shorten the period of observation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?\n1. change the food source\n2. use more than one squirrel\n3. increase the number of students\n4. shorten the period of observation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?", "choices": {"text": ["change the food source", "use more than one squirrel", "increase the number of students", "shorten the period of observation"], "label": ["Q", "A", "T", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?\nQ. change the food source\nA. use more than one squirrel\nT. increase the number of students\nN. shorten the period of observation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?", "choices": {"text": ["use more than one squirrel", "change the food source", "increase the number of students", "shorten the period of observation"], "label": ["Q", "A", "T", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?\nQ. use more than one squirrel\nA. change the food source\nT. increase the number of students\nN. shorten the period of observation\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2277}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7137463", "question": "India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?", "choices": {"text": ["because Earth is tilted on its axis", "because the Sun rotates on its axis", "because Earth revolves around the Sun", "because of the distance between the countries"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?\nA. because Earth is tilted on its axis\nB. because the Sun rotates on its axis\nC. because Earth revolves around the Sun\nD. because of the distance between the countries\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?", "choices": {"text": ["because of the distance between the countries", "because the Sun rotates on its axis", "because Earth is tilted on its axis", "because Earth revolves around the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?\nA. because of the distance between the countries\nB. because the Sun rotates on its axis\nC. because Earth is tilted on its axis\nD. because Earth revolves around the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?", "choices": {"text": ["because Earth is tilted on its axis", "because the Sun rotates on its axis", "because Earth revolves around the Sun", "because of the distance between the countries"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?\n1. because Earth is tilted on its axis\n2. because the Sun rotates on its axis\n3. because Earth revolves around the Sun\n4. because of the distance between the countries\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?", "choices": {"text": ["because Earth is tilted on its axis", "because the Sun rotates on its axis", "because Earth revolves around the Sun", "because of the distance between the countries"], "label": ["B", "P", "L", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?\nB. because Earth is tilted on its axis\nP. because the Sun rotates on its axis\nL. because Earth revolves around the Sun\nO. because of the distance between the countries\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?", "choices": {"text": ["because of the distance between the countries", "because the Sun rotates on its axis", "because Earth is tilted on its axis", "because Earth revolves around the Sun"], "label": ["B", "P", "L", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: India is in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. In June, it is summer in India and winter in Australia. What is the main reason the seasons are opposite in the two countries?\nB. because of the distance between the countries\nP. because the Sun rotates on its axis\nL. because Earth is tilted on its axis\nO. because Earth revolves around the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2278}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008435", "question": "What contributes the most to beach erosion?", "choices": {"text": ["animal activity", "evaporation", "precipitation", "wave action"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What contributes the most to beach erosion?\nA. animal activity\nB. evaporation\nC. precipitation\nD. wave action\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What contributes the most to beach erosion?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "precipitation", "wave action", "animal activity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What contributes the most to beach erosion?\nA. evaporation\nB. precipitation\nC. wave action\nD. animal activity\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What contributes the most to beach erosion?", "choices": {"text": ["animal activity", "evaporation", "precipitation", "wave action"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What contributes the most to beach erosion?\n1. animal activity\n2. evaporation\n3. precipitation\n4. wave action\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What contributes the most to beach erosion?", "choices": {"text": ["animal activity", "evaporation", "precipitation", "wave action"], "label": ["C", "T", "Y", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: What contributes the most to beach erosion?\nC. animal activity\nT. evaporation\nY. precipitation\nQ. wave action\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What contributes the most to beach erosion?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "precipitation", "wave action", "animal activity"], "label": ["C", "T", "Y", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: What contributes the most to beach erosion?\nC. evaporation\nT. precipitation\nY. wave action\nQ. animal activity\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2279}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401208", "question": "Which type of graph would best display the changes in temperature over a 24 hour period?", "choices": {"text": ["line graph", "pictograph", "circle (pie) graph", "stem-and-leaf graph"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of graph would best display the changes in temperature over a 24 hour period?\nA. line graph\nB. pictograph\nC. circle (pie) graph\nD. stem-and-leaf graph\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of graph would best display the changes in temperature over a 24 hour period?", "choices": {"text": ["circle (pie) graph", "stem-and-leaf graph", "pictograph", "line graph"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of graph would best display the changes in temperature over a 24 hour period?\nA. circle (pie) graph\nB. stem-and-leaf graph\nC. pictograph\nD. line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of graph would best display the changes in temperature over a 24 hour period?", "choices": {"text": ["line graph", "pictograph", "circle (pie) graph", "stem-and-leaf graph"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of graph would best display the changes in temperature over a 24 hour period?\n1. line graph\n2. pictograph\n3. circle (pie) graph\n4. stem-and-leaf graph\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of graph would best display the changes in temperature over a 24 hour period?", "choices": {"text": ["line graph", "pictograph", "circle (pie) graph", "stem-and-leaf graph"], "label": ["V", "H", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of graph would best display the changes in temperature over a 24 hour period?\nV. line graph\nH. pictograph\nM. circle (pie) graph\nX. stem-and-leaf graph\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of graph would best display the changes in temperature over a 24 hour period?", "choices": {"text": ["circle (pie) graph", "stem-and-leaf graph", "pictograph", "line graph"], "label": ["V", "H", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of graph would best display the changes in temperature over a 24 hour period?\nV. circle (pie) graph\nH. stem-and-leaf graph\nM. pictograph\nX. line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2280}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7057925", "question": "Which structure determines the traits that will be passed to offspring?", "choices": {"text": ["chromosome", "centromere", "nuclear membrane", "spindle fibers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure determines the traits that will be passed to offspring?\nA. chromosome\nB. centromere\nC. nuclear membrane\nD. spindle fibers\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure determines the traits that will be passed to offspring?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear membrane", "chromosome", "centromere", "spindle fibers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure determines the traits that will be passed to offspring?\nA. nuclear membrane\nB. chromosome\nC. centromere\nD. spindle fibers\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure determines the traits that will be passed to offspring?", "choices": {"text": ["chromosome", "centromere", "nuclear membrane", "spindle fibers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure determines the traits that will be passed to offspring?\n1. chromosome\n2. centromere\n3. nuclear membrane\n4. spindle fibers\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure determines the traits that will be passed to offspring?", "choices": {"text": ["chromosome", "centromere", "nuclear membrane", "spindle fibers"], "label": ["H", "K", "W", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure determines the traits that will be passed to offspring?\nH. chromosome\nK. centromere\nW. nuclear membrane\nR. spindle fibers\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure determines the traits that will be passed to offspring?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear membrane", "chromosome", "centromere", "spindle fibers"], "label": ["H", "K", "W", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure determines the traits that will be passed to offspring?\nH. nuclear membrane\nK. chromosome\nW. centromere\nR. spindle fibers\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2281}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2008_5_13", "question": "Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?", "choices": {"text": ["The oak trees are pollinated by the blue jays.", "The oak trees are protected from other herbivores.", "The seeds of oak trees are protected from the sun.", "The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?\nA. The oak trees are pollinated by the blue jays.\nB. The oak trees are protected from other herbivores.\nC. The seeds of oak trees are protected from the sun.\nD. The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?", "choices": {"text": ["The oak trees are pollinated by the blue jays.", "The seeds of oak trees are protected from the sun.", "The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments.", "The oak trees are protected from other herbivores."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?\nA. The oak trees are pollinated by the blue jays.\nB. The seeds of oak trees are protected from the sun.\nC. The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments.\nD. The oak trees are protected from other herbivores.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?", "choices": {"text": ["The oak trees are pollinated by the blue jays.", "The oak trees are protected from other herbivores.", "The seeds of oak trees are protected from the sun.", "The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?\n1. The oak trees are pollinated by the blue jays.\n2. The oak trees are protected from other herbivores.\n3. The seeds of oak trees are protected from the sun.\n4. The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?", "choices": {"text": ["The oak trees are pollinated by the blue jays.", "The oak trees are protected from other herbivores.", "The seeds of oak trees are protected from the sun.", "The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments."], "label": ["U", "I", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?\nU. The oak trees are pollinated by the blue jays.\nI. The oak trees are protected from other herbivores.\nS. The seeds of oak trees are protected from the sun.\nC. The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?", "choices": {"text": ["The oak trees are pollinated by the blue jays.", "The seeds of oak trees are protected from the sun.", "The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments.", "The oak trees are protected from other herbivores."], "label": ["U", "I", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oak trees produce seeds that are contained in acorns. Blue jays eat the seeds in acorns. Blue jays also collect acorns and hide them in the ground, often far away from the parent oak tree. Blue jays do not eat the seed of every acorn they hide. How do oak trees benefit from blue jays' collecting and hiding acorns?\nU. The oak trees are pollinated by the blue jays.\nI. The seeds of oak trees are protected from the sun.\nS. The seeds of oak trees are planted in new environments.\nC. The oak trees are protected from other herbivores.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2282}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7013073", "question": "Which step of the scientific method will follow after a student graphs collected data during a lab experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["observing", "hypothesizing", "analyzing", "researching"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which step of the scientific method will follow after a student graphs collected data during a lab experiment?\nA. observing\nB. hypothesizing\nC. analyzing\nD. researching\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which step of the scientific method will follow after a student graphs collected data during a lab experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["analyzing", "hypothesizing", "researching", "observing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which step of the scientific method will follow after a student graphs collected data during a lab experiment?\nA. analyzing\nB. hypothesizing\nC. researching\nD. observing\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which step of the scientific method will follow after a student graphs collected data during a lab experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["observing", "hypothesizing", "analyzing", "researching"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which step of the scientific method will follow after a student graphs collected data during a lab experiment?\n1. observing\n2. hypothesizing\n3. analyzing\n4. researching\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which step of the scientific method will follow after a student graphs collected data during a lab experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["observing", "hypothesizing", "analyzing", "researching"], "label": ["V", "F", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which step of the scientific method will follow after a student graphs collected data during a lab experiment?\nV. observing\nF. hypothesizing\nM. analyzing\nX. researching\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which step of the scientific method will follow after a student graphs collected data during a lab experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["analyzing", "hypothesizing", "researching", "observing"], "label": ["V", "F", "M", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which step of the scientific method will follow after a student graphs collected data during a lab experiment?\nV. analyzing\nF. hypothesizing\nM. researching\nX. observing\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2283}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2013_5_16", "question": "Which is a true statement about cells?", "choices": {"text": ["Plant cells contain chloroplasts.", "Animal cells are missing a nucleus.", "Only plant cells have a cell membrane.", "Animal cells include a rigid wall structure."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a true statement about cells?\nA. Plant cells contain chloroplasts.\nB. Animal cells are missing a nucleus.\nC. Only plant cells have a cell membrane.\nD. Animal cells include a rigid wall structure.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a true statement about cells?", "choices": {"text": ["Animal cells include a rigid wall structure.", "Animal cells are missing a nucleus.", "Only plant cells have a cell membrane.", "Plant cells contain chloroplasts."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a true statement about cells?\nA. Animal cells include a rigid wall structure.\nB. Animal cells are missing a nucleus.\nC. Only plant cells have a cell membrane.\nD. Plant cells contain chloroplasts.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a true statement about cells?", "choices": {"text": ["Plant cells contain chloroplasts.", "Animal cells are missing a nucleus.", "Only plant cells have a cell membrane.", "Animal cells include a rigid wall structure."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a true statement about cells?\n1. Plant cells contain chloroplasts.\n2. Animal cells are missing a nucleus.\n3. Only plant cells have a cell membrane.\n4. Animal cells include a rigid wall structure.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a true statement about cells?", "choices": {"text": ["Plant cells contain chloroplasts.", "Animal cells are missing a nucleus.", "Only plant cells have a cell membrane.", "Animal cells include a rigid wall structure."], "label": ["F", "L", "K", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a true statement about cells?\nF. Plant cells contain chloroplasts.\nL. Animal cells are missing a nucleus.\nK. Only plant cells have a cell membrane.\nY. Animal cells include a rigid wall structure.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a true statement about cells?", "choices": {"text": ["Animal cells include a rigid wall structure.", "Animal cells are missing a nucleus.", "Only plant cells have a cell membrane.", "Plant cells contain chloroplasts."], "label": ["F", "L", "K", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a true statement about cells?\nF. Animal cells include a rigid wall structure.\nL. Animal cells are missing a nucleus.\nK. Only plant cells have a cell membrane.\nY. Plant cells contain chloroplasts.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2284}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415396", "question": "Which kind of events can form mountains?", "choices": {"text": ["earthquakes and volcanoes", "earthquakes and landslides", "landslides and avalanches", "volcanoes and avalanches"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which kind of events can form mountains?\nA. earthquakes and volcanoes\nB. earthquakes and landslides\nC. landslides and avalanches\nD. volcanoes and avalanches\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which kind of events can form mountains?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanoes and avalanches", "earthquakes and volcanoes", "earthquakes and landslides", "landslides and avalanches"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which kind of events can form mountains?\nA. volcanoes and avalanches\nB. earthquakes and volcanoes\nC. earthquakes and landslides\nD. landslides and avalanches\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which kind of events can form mountains?", "choices": {"text": ["earthquakes and volcanoes", "earthquakes and landslides", "landslides and avalanches", "volcanoes and avalanches"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which kind of events can form mountains?\n1. earthquakes and volcanoes\n2. earthquakes and landslides\n3. landslides and avalanches\n4. volcanoes and avalanches\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which kind of events can form mountains?", "choices": {"text": ["earthquakes and volcanoes", "earthquakes and landslides", "landslides and avalanches", "volcanoes and avalanches"], "label": ["O", "R", "M", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which kind of events can form mountains?\nO. earthquakes and volcanoes\nR. earthquakes and landslides\nM. landslides and avalanches\nZ. volcanoes and avalanches\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which kind of events can form mountains?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanoes and avalanches", "earthquakes and volcanoes", "earthquakes and landslides", "landslides and avalanches"], "label": ["O", "R", "M", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which kind of events can form mountains?\nO. volcanoes and avalanches\nR. earthquakes and volcanoes\nM. earthquakes and landslides\nZ. landslides and avalanches\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2285}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7179638", "question": "During the early 1990s, people began using cell phones to communicate. The development of the cell phone was most likely a response to the need of society to", "choices": {"text": ["be able to communicate when sick.", "provide a safer method of communicating.", "provide more jobs in the communication industry.", "be able to communicate when away from home."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During the early 1990s, people began using cell phones to communicate. The development of the cell phone was most likely a response to the need of society to\nA. be able to communicate when sick.\nB. provide a safer method of communicating.\nC. provide more jobs in the communication industry.\nD. be able to communicate when away from home.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During the early 1990s, people began using cell phones to communicate. The development of the cell phone was most likely a response to the need of society to", "choices": {"text": ["provide more jobs in the communication industry.", "be able to communicate when away from home.", "provide a safer method of communicating.", "be able to communicate when sick."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During the early 1990s, people began using cell phones to communicate. The development of the cell phone was most likely a response to the need of society to\nA. provide more jobs in the communication industry.\nB. be able to communicate when away from home.\nC. provide a safer method of communicating.\nD. be able to communicate when sick.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During the early 1990s, people began using cell phones to communicate. The development of the cell phone was most likely a response to the need of society to", "choices": {"text": ["be able to communicate when sick.", "provide a safer method of communicating.", "provide more jobs in the communication industry.", "be able to communicate when away from home."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During the early 1990s, people began using cell phones to communicate. The development of the cell phone was most likely a response to the need of society to\n1. be able to communicate when sick.\n2. provide a safer method of communicating.\n3. provide more jobs in the communication industry.\n4. be able to communicate when away from home.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During the early 1990s, people began using cell phones to communicate. The development of the cell phone was most likely a response to the need of society to", "choices": {"text": ["be able to communicate when sick.", "provide a safer method of communicating.", "provide more jobs in the communication industry.", "be able to communicate when away from home."], "label": ["V", "X", "C", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: During the early 1990s, people began using cell phones to communicate. The development of the cell phone was most likely a response to the need of society to\nV. be able to communicate when sick.\nX. provide a safer method of communicating.\nC. provide more jobs in the communication industry.\nI. be able to communicate when away from home.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During the early 1990s, people began using cell phones to communicate. The development of the cell phone was most likely a response to the need of society to", "choices": {"text": ["provide more jobs in the communication industry.", "be able to communicate when away from home.", "provide a safer method of communicating.", "be able to communicate when sick."], "label": ["V", "X", "C", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: During the early 1990s, people began using cell phones to communicate. The development of the cell phone was most likely a response to the need of society to\nV. provide more jobs in the communication industry.\nX. be able to communicate when away from home.\nC. provide a safer method of communicating.\nI. be able to communicate when sick.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2286}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2011_5_2", "question": "Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?", "choices": {"text": ["growth", "respiration", "decomposition", "photosynthesis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?\nA. growth\nB. respiration\nC. decomposition\nD. photosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?", "choices": {"text": ["growth", "respiration", "photosynthesis", "decomposition"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?\nA. growth\nB. respiration\nC. photosynthesis\nD. decomposition\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?", "choices": {"text": ["growth", "respiration", "decomposition", "photosynthesis"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?\n1. growth\n2. respiration\n3. decomposition\n4. photosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?", "choices": {"text": ["growth", "respiration", "decomposition", "photosynthesis"], "label": ["V", "O", "C", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?\nV. growth\nO. respiration\nC. decomposition\nH. photosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?", "choices": {"text": ["growth", "respiration", "photosynthesis", "decomposition"], "label": ["V", "O", "C", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?\nV. growth\nO. respiration\nC. photosynthesis\nH. decomposition\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2287}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7249970", "question": "Organisms contain DNA. What makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?", "choices": {"text": ["the molecular shape", "the types of bases", "the sugar composition", "the presence of phosphates"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms contain DNA. What makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?\nA. the molecular shape\nB. the types of bases\nC. the sugar composition\nD. the presence of phosphates\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms contain DNA. What makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?", "choices": {"text": ["the types of bases", "the molecular shape", "the sugar composition", "the presence of phosphates"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms contain DNA. What makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?\nA. the types of bases\nB. the molecular shape\nC. the sugar composition\nD. the presence of phosphates\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms contain DNA. What makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?", "choices": {"text": ["the molecular shape", "the types of bases", "the sugar composition", "the presence of phosphates"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms contain DNA. What makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?\n1. the molecular shape\n2. the types of bases\n3. the sugar composition\n4. the presence of phosphates\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms contain DNA. What makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?", "choices": {"text": ["the molecular shape", "the types of bases", "the sugar composition", "the presence of phosphates"], "label": ["J", "X", "Q", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms contain DNA. What makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?\nJ. the molecular shape\nX. the types of bases\nQ. the sugar composition\nV. the presence of phosphates\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms contain DNA. What makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?", "choices": {"text": ["the types of bases", "the molecular shape", "the sugar composition", "the presence of phosphates"], "label": ["J", "X", "Q", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms contain DNA. What makes prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?\nJ. the types of bases\nX. the molecular shape\nQ. the sugar composition\nV. the presence of phosphates\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2288}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7092418", "question": "The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have provided evidence that", "choices": {"text": ["Earth is a sphere.", "Earth supports life.", "Earth has a layered atmosphere.", "Earth is covered mostly with water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have provided evidence that\nA. Earth is a sphere.\nB. Earth supports life.\nC. Earth has a layered atmosphere.\nD. Earth is covered mostly with water.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have provided evidence that", "choices": {"text": ["Earth supports life.", "Earth is a sphere.", "Earth is covered mostly with water.", "Earth has a layered atmosphere."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have provided evidence that\nA. Earth supports life.\nB. Earth is a sphere.\nC. Earth is covered mostly with water.\nD. Earth has a layered atmosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have provided evidence that", "choices": {"text": ["Earth is a sphere.", "Earth supports life.", "Earth has a layered atmosphere.", "Earth is covered mostly with water."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have provided evidence that\n1. Earth is a sphere.\n2. Earth supports life.\n3. Earth has a layered atmosphere.\n4. Earth is covered mostly with water.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have provided evidence that", "choices": {"text": ["Earth is a sphere.", "Earth supports life.", "Earth has a layered atmosphere.", "Earth is covered mostly with water."], "label": ["F", "N", "R", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have provided evidence that\nF. Earth is a sphere.\nN. Earth supports life.\nR. Earth has a layered atmosphere.\nD. Earth is covered mostly with water.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have provided evidence that", "choices": {"text": ["Earth supports life.", "Earth is a sphere.", "Earth is covered mostly with water.", "Earth has a layered atmosphere."], "label": ["F", "N", "R", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The changing appearances of the nighttime sky over the surface of Earth and eclipses of the Moon have provided evidence that\nF. Earth supports life.\nN. Earth is a sphere.\nR. Earth is covered mostly with water.\nD. Earth has a layered atmosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2289}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2012_8_23641", "question": "Scientists found evidence of past glacial activity in Massachusetts. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this evidence?", "choices": {"text": ["Sea levels were much higher in the past.", "The climate on Earth has changed over time.", "Total numbers of organisms on Earth have changed over time.", "The total amount of radiation from the Sun was much higher in the past."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found evidence of past glacial activity in Massachusetts. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this evidence?\nA. Sea levels were much higher in the past.\nB. The climate on Earth has changed over time.\nC. Total numbers of organisms on Earth have changed over time.\nD. The total amount of radiation from the Sun was much higher in the past.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found evidence of past glacial activity in Massachusetts. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this evidence?", "choices": {"text": ["Sea levels were much higher in the past.", "The total amount of radiation from the Sun was much higher in the past.", "Total numbers of organisms on Earth have changed over time.", "The climate on Earth has changed over time."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found evidence of past glacial activity in Massachusetts. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this evidence?\nA. Sea levels were much higher in the past.\nB. The total amount of radiation from the Sun was much higher in the past.\nC. Total numbers of organisms on Earth have changed over time.\nD. The climate on Earth has changed over time.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found evidence of past glacial activity in Massachusetts. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this evidence?", "choices": {"text": ["Sea levels were much higher in the past.", "The climate on Earth has changed over time.", "Total numbers of organisms on Earth have changed over time.", "The total amount of radiation from the Sun was much higher in the past."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found evidence of past glacial activity in Massachusetts. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this evidence?\n1. Sea levels were much higher in the past.\n2. The climate on Earth has changed over time.\n3. Total numbers of organisms on Earth have changed over time.\n4. The total amount of radiation from the Sun was much higher in the past.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found evidence of past glacial activity in Massachusetts. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this evidence?", "choices": {"text": ["Sea levels were much higher in the past.", "The climate on Earth has changed over time.", "Total numbers of organisms on Earth have changed over time.", "The total amount of radiation from the Sun was much higher in the past."], "label": ["F", "V", "W", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found evidence of past glacial activity in Massachusetts. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this evidence?\nF. Sea levels were much higher in the past.\nV. The climate on Earth has changed over time.\nW. Total numbers of organisms on Earth have changed over time.\nY. The total amount of radiation from the Sun was much higher in the past.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists found evidence of past glacial activity in Massachusetts. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this evidence?", "choices": {"text": ["Sea levels were much higher in the past.", "The total amount of radiation from the Sun was much higher in the past.", "Total numbers of organisms on Earth have changed over time.", "The climate on Earth has changed over time."], "label": ["F", "V", "W", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists found evidence of past glacial activity in Massachusetts. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this evidence?\nF. Sea levels were much higher in the past.\nV. The total amount of radiation from the Sun was much higher in the past.\nW. Total numbers of organisms on Earth have changed over time.\nY. The climate on Earth has changed over time.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2290}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2010_8_12", "question": "Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?", "choices": {"text": ["The embryo inherits half its chromosomes from its mother.", "The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.", "The embryo receives oxygen through the placenta.", "The embryo receives mutations carried by its mother."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?\nA. The embryo inherits half its chromosomes from its mother.\nB. The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.\nC. The embryo receives oxygen through the placenta.\nD. The embryo receives mutations carried by its mother.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?", "choices": {"text": ["The embryo inherits half its chromosomes from its mother.", "The embryo receives oxygen through the placenta.", "The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.", "The embryo receives mutations carried by its mother."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?\nA. The embryo inherits half its chromosomes from its mother.\nB. The embryo receives oxygen through the placenta.\nC. The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.\nD. The embryo receives mutations carried by its mother.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?", "choices": {"text": ["The embryo inherits half its chromosomes from its mother.", "The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.", "The embryo receives oxygen through the placenta.", "The embryo receives mutations carried by its mother."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?\n1. The embryo inherits half its chromosomes from its mother.\n2. The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.\n3. The embryo receives oxygen through the placenta.\n4. The embryo receives mutations carried by its mother.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?", "choices": {"text": ["The embryo inherits half its chromosomes from its mother.", "The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.", "The embryo receives oxygen through the placenta.", "The embryo receives mutations carried by its mother."], "label": ["Z", "R", "V", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?\nZ. The embryo inherits half its chromosomes from its mother.\nR. The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.\nV. The embryo receives oxygen through the placenta.\nY. The embryo receives mutations carried by its mother.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?", "choices": {"text": ["The embryo inherits half its chromosomes from its mother.", "The embryo receives oxygen through the placenta.", "The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.", "The embryo receives mutations carried by its mother."], "label": ["Z", "R", "V", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement explains why a mother's unhealthy diet during pregnancy is harmful to her embryo's development?\nZ. The embryo inherits half its chromosomes from its mother.\nR. The embryo receives oxygen through the placenta.\nV. The embryo receives its food from its mother through the placenta.\nY. The embryo receives mutations carried by its mother.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2291}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401158", "question": "Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?", "choices": {"text": ["gas", "solid", "liquid", "plasma"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?\nA. gas\nB. solid\nC. liquid\nD. plasma\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?", "choices": {"text": ["solid", "gas", "liquid", "plasma"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?\nA. solid\nB. gas\nC. liquid\nD. plasma\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?", "choices": {"text": ["gas", "solid", "liquid", "plasma"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?\n1. gas\n2. solid\n3. liquid\n4. plasma\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?", "choices": {"text": ["gas", "solid", "liquid", "plasma"], "label": ["N", "V", "B", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?\nN. gas\nV. solid\nB. liquid\nH. plasma\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?", "choices": {"text": ["solid", "gas", "liquid", "plasma"], "label": ["N", "V", "B", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?\nN. solid\nV. gas\nB. liquid\nH. plasma\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2292}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7091928", "question": "All nations need to import and export goods for their economic survival. As a result, many island nations have developed advanced technology for transporting goods by", "choices": {"text": ["space.", "rail.", "sea.", "road."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All nations need to import and export goods for their economic survival. As a result, many island nations have developed advanced technology for transporting goods by\nA. space.\nB. rail.\nC. sea.\nD. road.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All nations need to import and export goods for their economic survival. As a result, many island nations have developed advanced technology for transporting goods by", "choices": {"text": ["road.", "space.", "rail.", "sea."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All nations need to import and export goods for their economic survival. As a result, many island nations have developed advanced technology for transporting goods by\nA. road.\nB. space.\nC. rail.\nD. sea.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All nations need to import and export goods for their economic survival. As a result, many island nations have developed advanced technology for transporting goods by", "choices": {"text": ["space.", "rail.", "sea.", "road."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All nations need to import and export goods for their economic survival. As a result, many island nations have developed advanced technology for transporting goods by\n1. space.\n2. rail.\n3. sea.\n4. road.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All nations need to import and export goods for their economic survival. As a result, many island nations have developed advanced technology for transporting goods by", "choices": {"text": ["space.", "rail.", "sea.", "road."], "label": ["S", "E", "J", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: All nations need to import and export goods for their economic survival. As a result, many island nations have developed advanced technology for transporting goods by\nS. space.\nE. rail.\nJ. sea.\nA. road.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All nations need to import and export goods for their economic survival. As a result, many island nations have developed advanced technology for transporting goods by", "choices": {"text": ["road.", "space.", "rail.", "sea."], "label": ["S", "E", "J", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: All nations need to import and export goods for their economic survival. As a result, many island nations have developed advanced technology for transporting goods by\nS. road.\nE. space.\nJ. rail.\nA. sea.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2293}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7112735", "question": "A species of mouse spends the day sleeping in its burrow to avoid high daytime temperatures. It is processing what little water it needs from the seeds it collects. To which environment is this mouse best adapted?", "choices": {"text": ["rainforest", "marine", "desert", "tundra"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of mouse spends the day sleeping in its burrow to avoid high daytime temperatures. It is processing what little water it needs from the seeds it collects. To which environment is this mouse best adapted?\nA. rainforest\nB. marine\nC. desert\nD. tundra\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of mouse spends the day sleeping in its burrow to avoid high daytime temperatures. It is processing what little water it needs from the seeds it collects. To which environment is this mouse best adapted?", "choices": {"text": ["tundra", "rainforest", "marine", "desert"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of mouse spends the day sleeping in its burrow to avoid high daytime temperatures. It is processing what little water it needs from the seeds it collects. To which environment is this mouse best adapted?\nA. tundra\nB. rainforest\nC. marine\nD. desert\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of mouse spends the day sleeping in its burrow to avoid high daytime temperatures. It is processing what little water it needs from the seeds it collects. To which environment is this mouse best adapted?", "choices": {"text": ["rainforest", "marine", "desert", "tundra"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of mouse spends the day sleeping in its burrow to avoid high daytime temperatures. It is processing what little water it needs from the seeds it collects. To which environment is this mouse best adapted?\n1. rainforest\n2. marine\n3. desert\n4. tundra\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of mouse spends the day sleeping in its burrow to avoid high daytime temperatures. It is processing what little water it needs from the seeds it collects. To which environment is this mouse best adapted?", "choices": {"text": ["rainforest", "marine", "desert", "tundra"], "label": ["X", "M", "J", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of mouse spends the day sleeping in its burrow to avoid high daytime temperatures. It is processing what little water it needs from the seeds it collects. To which environment is this mouse best adapted?\nX. rainforest\nM. marine\nJ. desert\nV. tundra\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A species of mouse spends the day sleeping in its burrow to avoid high daytime temperatures. It is processing what little water it needs from the seeds it collects. To which environment is this mouse best adapted?", "choices": {"text": ["tundra", "rainforest", "marine", "desert"], "label": ["X", "M", "J", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: A species of mouse spends the day sleeping in its burrow to avoid high daytime temperatures. It is processing what little water it needs from the seeds it collects. To which environment is this mouse best adapted?\nX. tundra\nM. rainforest\nJ. marine\nV. desert\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2294}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7040863", "question": "What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "digestive", "lymphatic", "integumentary"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?\nA. nervous\nB. digestive\nC. lymphatic\nD. integumentary\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "nervous", "integumentary", "lymphatic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?\nA. digestive\nB. nervous\nC. integumentary\nD. lymphatic\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "digestive", "lymphatic", "integumentary"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?\n1. nervous\n2. digestive\n3. lymphatic\n4. integumentary\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "digestive", "lymphatic", "integumentary"], "label": ["C", "M", "R", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?\nC. nervous\nM. digestive\nR. lymphatic\nE. integumentary\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "nervous", "integumentary", "lymphatic"], "label": ["C", "M", "R", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: What system helps the body defend itself against disease while maintaining the levels of body fluids?\nC. digestive\nM. nervous\nR. integumentary\nE. lymphatic\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2295}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7268818", "question": "After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?", "choices": {"text": ["the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?\nA. the carbon cycle\nB. the nitrogen cycle\nC. the water cycle\nD. the rock cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?", "choices": {"text": ["the rock cycle", "the water cycle", "the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?\nA. the rock cycle\nB. the water cycle\nC. the carbon cycle\nD. the nitrogen cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?", "choices": {"text": ["the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?\n1. the carbon cycle\n2. the nitrogen cycle\n3. the water cycle\n4. the rock cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?", "choices": {"text": ["the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle"], "label": ["C", "V", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?\nC. the carbon cycle\nV. the nitrogen cycle\nN. the water cycle\nJ. the rock cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?", "choices": {"text": ["the rock cycle", "the water cycle", "the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle"], "label": ["C", "V", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?\nC. the rock cycle\nV. the water cycle\nN. the carbon cycle\nJ. the nitrogen cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2296}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2007_3_33", "question": "Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?", "choices": {"text": ["Freezing of the lake", "Heat from the Sun", "Melting snow forming streams", "Volcanic activity near the lake"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?\nA. Freezing of the lake\nB. Heat from the Sun\nC. Melting snow forming streams\nD. Volcanic activity near the lake\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?", "choices": {"text": ["Volcanic activity near the lake", "Freezing of the lake", "Melting snow forming streams", "Heat from the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?\nA. Volcanic activity near the lake\nB. Freezing of the lake\nC. Melting snow forming streams\nD. Heat from the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?", "choices": {"text": ["Freezing of the lake", "Heat from the Sun", "Melting snow forming streams", "Volcanic activity near the lake"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?\n1. Freezing of the lake\n2. Heat from the Sun\n3. Melting snow forming streams\n4. Volcanic activity near the lake\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?", "choices": {"text": ["Freezing of the lake", "Heat from the Sun", "Melting snow forming streams", "Volcanic activity near the lake"], "label": ["R", "G", "B", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?\nR. Freezing of the lake\nG. Heat from the Sun\nB. Melting snow forming streams\nY. Volcanic activity near the lake\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?", "choices": {"text": ["Volcanic activity near the lake", "Freezing of the lake", "Melting snow forming streams", "Heat from the Sun"], "label": ["R", "G", "B", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?\nR. Volcanic activity near the lake\nG. Freezing of the lake\nB. Melting snow forming streams\nY. Heat from the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2297}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2001_4_10239", "question": "Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "electricity", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?\nA. gravity\nB. electricity\nC. friction\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "magnetism", "electricity", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?\nA. friction\nB. magnetism\nC. electricity\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "electricity", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?\n1. gravity\n2. electricity\n3. friction\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "electricity", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["K", "C", "V", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?\nK. gravity\nC. electricity\nV. friction\nA. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "magnetism", "electricity", "gravity"], "label": ["K", "C", "V", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of a hill. What force acted on the soccer ball to make it roll down the hill?\nK. friction\nC. magnetism\nV. electricity\nA. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2298}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400840", "question": "Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?", "choices": {"text": ["a ruler and a balance", "a ruler and a microscope", "a balance and a stopwatch", "a microscope and a magnet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?\nA. a ruler and a balance\nB. a ruler and a microscope\nC. a balance and a stopwatch\nD. a microscope and a magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?", "choices": {"text": ["a microscope and a magnet", "a ruler and a microscope", "a balance and a stopwatch", "a ruler and a balance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?\nA. a microscope and a magnet\nB. a ruler and a microscope\nC. a balance and a stopwatch\nD. a ruler and a balance\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?", "choices": {"text": ["a ruler and a balance", "a ruler and a microscope", "a balance and a stopwatch", "a microscope and a magnet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?\n1. a ruler and a balance\n2. a ruler and a microscope\n3. a balance and a stopwatch\n4. a microscope and a magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?", "choices": {"text": ["a ruler and a balance", "a ruler and a microscope", "a balance and a stopwatch", "a microscope and a magnet"], "label": ["Z", "J", "N", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?\nZ. a ruler and a balance\nJ. a ruler and a microscope\nN. a balance and a stopwatch\nR. a microscope and a magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?", "choices": {"text": ["a microscope and a magnet", "a ruler and a microscope", "a balance and a stopwatch", "a ruler and a balance"], "label": ["Z", "J", "N", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tools are needed to measure the length and mass of a seashell?\nZ. a microscope and a magnet\nJ. a ruler and a microscope\nN. a balance and a stopwatch\nR. a ruler and a balance\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2299}
{"arc_id": "AIMS_2008_8_9", "question": "Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?", "choices": {"text": ["Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring.", "Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.", "Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.", "Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?\nA. Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring.\nB. Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.\nC. Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.\nD. Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?", "choices": {"text": ["Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.", "Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent.", "Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.", "Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?\nA. Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.\nB. Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent.\nC. Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.\nD. Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?", "choices": {"text": ["Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring.", "Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.", "Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.", "Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?\n1. Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring.\n2. Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.\n3. Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.\n4. Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?", "choices": {"text": ["Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring.", "Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.", "Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.", "Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent."], "label": ["R", "J", "G", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?\nR. Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring.\nJ. Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.\nG. Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.\nD. Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?", "choices": {"text": ["Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.", "Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent.", "Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.", "Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring."], "label": ["R", "J", "G", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?\nR. Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.\nJ. Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent.\nG. Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.\nD. Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2300}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7263305", "question": "Geotropism is a response by plants to which force?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "air pressure", "Earth's magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Geotropism is a response by plants to which force?\nA. gravity\nB. friction\nC. air pressure\nD. Earth's magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Geotropism is a response by plants to which force?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "air pressure", "gravity", "Earth's magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Geotropism is a response by plants to which force?\nA. friction\nB. air pressure\nC. gravity\nD. Earth's magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Geotropism is a response by plants to which force?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "air pressure", "Earth's magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Geotropism is a response by plants to which force?\n1. gravity\n2. friction\n3. air pressure\n4. Earth's magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Geotropism is a response by plants to which force?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "air pressure", "Earth's magnetism"], "label": ["C", "F", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Geotropism is a response by plants to which force?\nC. gravity\nF. friction\nP. air pressure\nG. Earth's magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Geotropism is a response by plants to which force?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "air pressure", "gravity", "Earth's magnetism"], "label": ["C", "F", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Geotropism is a response by plants to which force?\nC. friction\nF. air pressure\nP. gravity\nG. Earth's magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2301}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_8_pg139", "question": "In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in air temperature", "a decrease in water level", "fertilizer runoff from the farm", "exhaust gases from farm equipment"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?\nA. a decrease in air temperature\nB. a decrease in water level\nC. fertilizer runoff from the farm\nD. exhaust gases from farm equipment\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["fertilizer runoff from the farm", "a decrease in water level", "exhaust gases from farm equipment", "a decrease in air temperature"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?\nA. fertilizer runoff from the farm\nB. a decrease in water level\nC. exhaust gases from farm equipment\nD. a decrease in air temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in air temperature", "a decrease in water level", "fertilizer runoff from the farm", "exhaust gases from farm equipment"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?\n1. a decrease in air temperature\n2. a decrease in water level\n3. fertilizer runoff from the farm\n4. exhaust gases from farm equipment\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in air temperature", "a decrease in water level", "fertilizer runoff from the farm", "exhaust gases from farm equipment"], "label": ["Z", "W", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?\nZ. a decrease in air temperature\nW. a decrease in water level\nU. fertilizer runoff from the farm\nJ. exhaust gases from farm equipment\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?", "choices": {"text": ["fertilizer runoff from the farm", "a decrease in water level", "exhaust gases from farm equipment", "a decrease in air temperature"], "label": ["Z", "W", "U", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a lake near a farm the growth of algae suddenly increased. This increase was most likely due to which of the following?\nZ. fertilizer runoff from the farm\nW. a decrease in water level\nU. exhaust gases from farm equipment\nJ. a decrease in air temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2302}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7173845", "question": "Jenna gave a report to her class about the Orion Nebula. She told the class that it was discovered in 1610. Which was most likely the topic of her paper?", "choices": {"text": ["young stars", "neutron stars", "the death of stars", "the classification of stars"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jenna gave a report to her class about the Orion Nebula. She told the class that it was discovered in 1610. Which was most likely the topic of her paper?\nA. young stars\nB. neutron stars\nC. the death of stars\nD. the classification of stars\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Jenna gave a report to her class about the Orion Nebula. She told the class that it was discovered in 1610. Which was most likely the topic of her paper?", "choices": {"text": ["neutron stars", "the death of stars", "the classification of stars", "young stars"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jenna gave a report to her class about the Orion Nebula. She told the class that it was discovered in 1610. Which was most likely the topic of her paper?\nA. neutron stars\nB. the death of stars\nC. the classification of stars\nD. young stars\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Jenna gave a report to her class about the Orion Nebula. She told the class that it was discovered in 1610. Which was most likely the topic of her paper?", "choices": {"text": ["young stars", "neutron stars", "the death of stars", "the classification of stars"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jenna gave a report to her class about the Orion Nebula. She told the class that it was discovered in 1610. Which was most likely the topic of her paper?\n1. young stars\n2. neutron stars\n3. the death of stars\n4. the classification of stars\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jenna gave a report to her class about the Orion Nebula. She told the class that it was discovered in 1610. Which was most likely the topic of her paper?", "choices": {"text": ["young stars", "neutron stars", "the death of stars", "the classification of stars"], "label": ["F", "K", "O", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jenna gave a report to her class about the Orion Nebula. She told the class that it was discovered in 1610. Which was most likely the topic of her paper?\nF. young stars\nK. neutron stars\nO. the death of stars\nD. the classification of stars\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Jenna gave a report to her class about the Orion Nebula. She told the class that it was discovered in 1610. Which was most likely the topic of her paper?", "choices": {"text": ["neutron stars", "the death of stars", "the classification of stars", "young stars"], "label": ["F", "K", "O", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Jenna gave a report to her class about the Orion Nebula. She told the class that it was discovered in 1610. Which was most likely the topic of her paper?\nF. neutron stars\nK. the death of stars\nO. the classification of stars\nD. young stars\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2303}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7239208", "question": "Which statement best describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?", "choices": {"text": ["identical bases in the same order", "complementary bases in the same order", "identical bases in the reverse order", "complementary bases in the reverse order"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?\nA. identical bases in the same order\nB. complementary bases in the same order\nC. identical bases in the reverse order\nD. complementary bases in the reverse order\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?", "choices": {"text": ["complementary bases in the same order", "complementary bases in the reverse order", "identical bases in the same order", "identical bases in the reverse order"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?\nA. complementary bases in the same order\nB. complementary bases in the reverse order\nC. identical bases in the same order\nD. identical bases in the reverse order\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?", "choices": {"text": ["identical bases in the same order", "complementary bases in the same order", "identical bases in the reverse order", "complementary bases in the reverse order"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?\n1. identical bases in the same order\n2. complementary bases in the same order\n3. identical bases in the reverse order\n4. complementary bases in the reverse order\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?", "choices": {"text": ["identical bases in the same order", "complementary bases in the same order", "identical bases in the reverse order", "complementary bases in the reverse order"], "label": ["P", "V", "G", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?\nP. identical bases in the same order\nV. complementary bases in the same order\nG. identical bases in the reverse order\nJ. complementary bases in the reverse order\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?", "choices": {"text": ["complementary bases in the same order", "complementary bases in the reverse order", "identical bases in the same order", "identical bases in the reverse order"], "label": ["P", "V", "G", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes the semiconservative replication sequence of the DNA sequence CCGCAT?\nP. complementary bases in the same order\nV. complementary bases in the reverse order\nG. identical bases in the same order\nJ. identical bases in the reverse order\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2304}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7064050", "question": "If the environment in an area is destroyed, a new community of organisms sometimes takes the place of previous communities. The introduction of a new community of organisms is known as", "choices": {"text": ["evolution.", "adaptation.", "biological diversity.", "ecological succession."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the environment in an area is destroyed, a new community of organisms sometimes takes the place of previous communities. The introduction of a new community of organisms is known as\nA. evolution.\nB. adaptation.\nC. biological diversity.\nD. ecological succession.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If the environment in an area is destroyed, a new community of organisms sometimes takes the place of previous communities. The introduction of a new community of organisms is known as", "choices": {"text": ["biological diversity.", "ecological succession.", "adaptation.", "evolution."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the environment in an area is destroyed, a new community of organisms sometimes takes the place of previous communities. The introduction of a new community of organisms is known as\nA. biological diversity.\nB. ecological succession.\nC. adaptation.\nD. evolution.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If the environment in an area is destroyed, a new community of organisms sometimes takes the place of previous communities. The introduction of a new community of organisms is known as", "choices": {"text": ["evolution.", "adaptation.", "biological diversity.", "ecological succession."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the environment in an area is destroyed, a new community of organisms sometimes takes the place of previous communities. The introduction of a new community of organisms is known as\n1. evolution.\n2. adaptation.\n3. biological diversity.\n4. ecological succession.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If the environment in an area is destroyed, a new community of organisms sometimes takes the place of previous communities. The introduction of a new community of organisms is known as", "choices": {"text": ["evolution.", "adaptation.", "biological diversity.", "ecological succession."], "label": ["S", "T", "X", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the environment in an area is destroyed, a new community of organisms sometimes takes the place of previous communities. The introduction of a new community of organisms is known as\nS. evolution.\nT. adaptation.\nX. biological diversity.\nE. ecological succession.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If the environment in an area is destroyed, a new community of organisms sometimes takes the place of previous communities. The introduction of a new community of organisms is known as", "choices": {"text": ["biological diversity.", "ecological succession.", "adaptation.", "evolution."], "label": ["S", "T", "X", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: If the environment in an area is destroyed, a new community of organisms sometimes takes the place of previous communities. The introduction of a new community of organisms is known as\nS. biological diversity.\nT. ecological succession.\nX. adaptation.\nE. evolution.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2305}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400540", "question": "The formula X + ZY -> XZ + Y shows that", "choices": {"text": ["X and Y bonded into a more complex molecule.", "ZY has decomposed into two smaller compounds.", "X is a more reactive compound than Y.", "Y has changed into a new compound."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The formula X + ZY -> XZ + Y shows that\nA. X and Y bonded into a more complex molecule.\nB. ZY has decomposed into two smaller compounds.\nC. X is a more reactive compound than Y.\nD. Y has changed into a new compound.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The formula X + ZY -> XZ + Y shows that", "choices": {"text": ["X is a more reactive compound than Y.", "Y has changed into a new compound.", "X and Y bonded into a more complex molecule.", "ZY has decomposed into two smaller compounds."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The formula X + ZY -> XZ + Y shows that\nA. X is a more reactive compound than Y.\nB. Y has changed into a new compound.\nC. X and Y bonded into a more complex molecule.\nD. ZY has decomposed into two smaller compounds.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The formula X + ZY -> XZ + Y shows that", "choices": {"text": ["X and Y bonded into a more complex molecule.", "ZY has decomposed into two smaller compounds.", "X is a more reactive compound than Y.", "Y has changed into a new compound."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The formula X + ZY -> XZ + Y shows that\n1. X and Y bonded into a more complex molecule.\n2. ZY has decomposed into two smaller compounds.\n3. X is a more reactive compound than Y.\n4. Y has changed into a new compound.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The formula X + ZY -> XZ + Y shows that", "choices": {"text": ["X and Y bonded into a more complex molecule.", "ZY has decomposed into two smaller compounds.", "X is a more reactive compound than Y.", "Y has changed into a new compound."], "label": ["A", "M", "N", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: The formula X + ZY -> XZ + Y shows that\nA. X and Y bonded into a more complex molecule.\nM. ZY has decomposed into two smaller compounds.\nN. X is a more reactive compound than Y.\nG. Y has changed into a new compound.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The formula X + ZY -> XZ + Y shows that", "choices": {"text": ["X is a more reactive compound than Y.", "Y has changed into a new compound.", "X and Y bonded into a more complex molecule.", "ZY has decomposed into two smaller compounds."], "label": ["A", "M", "N", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: The formula X + ZY -> XZ + Y shows that\nA. X is a more reactive compound than Y.\nM. Y has changed into a new compound.\nN. X and Y bonded into a more complex molecule.\nG. ZY has decomposed into two smaller compounds.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2306}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2010_7_15", "question": "Alisha's teacher glued a needle to a piece of cork so that the needle would float. Then he used a magnet to magnetize the needle. When the needle was placed in a bowl of water, it turned to point north. Which best describes the reason that the needle pointed north?", "choices": {"text": ["The cork must also have been magnetized.", "The magnetic field of Earth affected the needle.", "The magnetic current in the bowl of water affected the needle.", "The teacher must have placed the magnet to the south of the bowl."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Alisha's teacher glued a needle to a piece of cork so that the needle would float. Then he used a magnet to magnetize the needle. When the needle was placed in a bowl of water, it turned to point north. Which best describes the reason that the needle pointed north?\nA. The cork must also have been magnetized.\nB. The magnetic field of Earth affected the needle.\nC. The magnetic current in the bowl of water affected the needle.\nD. The teacher must have placed the magnet to the south of the bowl.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Alisha's teacher glued a needle to a piece of cork so that the needle would float. Then he used a magnet to magnetize the needle. When the needle was placed in a bowl of water, it turned to point north. Which best describes the reason that the needle pointed north?", "choices": {"text": ["The magnetic field of Earth affected the needle.", "The magnetic current in the bowl of water affected the needle.", "The teacher must have placed the magnet to the south of the bowl.", "The cork must also have been magnetized."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Alisha's teacher glued a needle to a piece of cork so that the needle would float. Then he used a magnet to magnetize the needle. When the needle was placed in a bowl of water, it turned to point north. Which best describes the reason that the needle pointed north?\nA. The magnetic field of Earth affected the needle.\nB. The magnetic current in the bowl of water affected the needle.\nC. The teacher must have placed the magnet to the south of the bowl.\nD. The cork must also have been magnetized.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Alisha's teacher glued a needle to a piece of cork so that the needle would float. Then he used a magnet to magnetize the needle. When the needle was placed in a bowl of water, it turned to point north. Which best describes the reason that the needle pointed north?", "choices": {"text": ["The cork must also have been magnetized.", "The magnetic field of Earth affected the needle.", "The magnetic current in the bowl of water affected the needle.", "The teacher must have placed the magnet to the south of the bowl."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Alisha's teacher glued a needle to a piece of cork so that the needle would float. Then he used a magnet to magnetize the needle. When the needle was placed in a bowl of water, it turned to point north. Which best describes the reason that the needle pointed north?\n1. The cork must also have been magnetized.\n2. The magnetic field of Earth affected the needle.\n3. The magnetic current in the bowl of water affected the needle.\n4. The teacher must have placed the magnet to the south of the bowl.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Alisha's teacher glued a needle to a piece of cork so that the needle would float. Then he used a magnet to magnetize the needle. When the needle was placed in a bowl of water, it turned to point north. Which best describes the reason that the needle pointed north?", "choices": {"text": ["The cork must also have been magnetized.", "The magnetic field of Earth affected the needle.", "The magnetic current in the bowl of water affected the needle.", "The teacher must have placed the magnet to the south of the bowl."], "label": ["B", "F", "S", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Alisha's teacher glued a needle to a piece of cork so that the needle would float. Then he used a magnet to magnetize the needle. When the needle was placed in a bowl of water, it turned to point north. Which best describes the reason that the needle pointed north?\nB. The cork must also have been magnetized.\nF. The magnetic field of Earth affected the needle.\nS. The magnetic current in the bowl of water affected the needle.\nU. The teacher must have placed the magnet to the south of the bowl.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Alisha's teacher glued a needle to a piece of cork so that the needle would float. Then he used a magnet to magnetize the needle. When the needle was placed in a bowl of water, it turned to point north. Which best describes the reason that the needle pointed north?", "choices": {"text": ["The magnetic field of Earth affected the needle.", "The magnetic current in the bowl of water affected the needle.", "The teacher must have placed the magnet to the south of the bowl.", "The cork must also have been magnetized."], "label": ["B", "F", "S", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Alisha's teacher glued a needle to a piece of cork so that the needle would float. Then he used a magnet to magnetize the needle. When the needle was placed in a bowl of water, it turned to point north. Which best describes the reason that the needle pointed north?\nB. The magnetic field of Earth affected the needle.\nF. The magnetic current in the bowl of water affected the needle.\nS. The teacher must have placed the magnet to the south of the bowl.\nU. The cork must also have been magnetized.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2307}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7137673", "question": "A population of plants growing on an island consisted of two varieties, one with thorns and the other without. Over a period of many years, the variety with thorns gradually disappeared. Which process most likely brought about this change in the plant population?", "choices": {"text": ["gene flow", "genetic drift", "natural selection", "random mutation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A population of plants growing on an island consisted of two varieties, one with thorns and the other without. Over a period of many years, the variety with thorns gradually disappeared. Which process most likely brought about this change in the plant population?\nA. gene flow\nB. genetic drift\nC. natural selection\nD. random mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A population of plants growing on an island consisted of two varieties, one with thorns and the other without. Over a period of many years, the variety with thorns gradually disappeared. Which process most likely brought about this change in the plant population?", "choices": {"text": ["natural selection", "random mutation", "gene flow", "genetic drift"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A population of plants growing on an island consisted of two varieties, one with thorns and the other without. Over a period of many years, the variety with thorns gradually disappeared. Which process most likely brought about this change in the plant population?\nA. natural selection\nB. random mutation\nC. gene flow\nD. genetic drift\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A population of plants growing on an island consisted of two varieties, one with thorns and the other without. Over a period of many years, the variety with thorns gradually disappeared. Which process most likely brought about this change in the plant population?", "choices": {"text": ["gene flow", "genetic drift", "natural selection", "random mutation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A population of plants growing on an island consisted of two varieties, one with thorns and the other without. Over a period of many years, the variety with thorns gradually disappeared. Which process most likely brought about this change in the plant population?\n1. gene flow\n2. genetic drift\n3. natural selection\n4. random mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A population of plants growing on an island consisted of two varieties, one with thorns and the other without. Over a period of many years, the variety with thorns gradually disappeared. Which process most likely brought about this change in the plant population?", "choices": {"text": ["gene flow", "genetic drift", "natural selection", "random mutation"], "label": ["M", "B", "X", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A population of plants growing on an island consisted of two varieties, one with thorns and the other without. Over a period of many years, the variety with thorns gradually disappeared. Which process most likely brought about this change in the plant population?\nM. gene flow\nB. genetic drift\nX. natural selection\nR. random mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A population of plants growing on an island consisted of two varieties, one with thorns and the other without. Over a period of many years, the variety with thorns gradually disappeared. Which process most likely brought about this change in the plant population?", "choices": {"text": ["natural selection", "random mutation", "gene flow", "genetic drift"], "label": ["M", "B", "X", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A population of plants growing on an island consisted of two varieties, one with thorns and the other without. Over a period of many years, the variety with thorns gradually disappeared. Which process most likely brought about this change in the plant population?\nM. natural selection\nB. random mutation\nX. gene flow\nR. genetic drift\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2308}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2013_5_29401", "question": "While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?", "choices": {"text": ["shaking from high winds", "pressure from flowing water", "erosion due to falling rain and snow", "weathering due to freezing and thawing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?\nA. shaking from high winds\nB. pressure from flowing water\nC. erosion due to falling rain and snow\nD. weathering due to freezing and thawing\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering due to freezing and thawing", "erosion due to falling rain and snow", "shaking from high winds", "pressure from flowing water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?\nA. weathering due to freezing and thawing\nB. erosion due to falling rain and snow\nC. shaking from high winds\nD. pressure from flowing water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?", "choices": {"text": ["shaking from high winds", "pressure from flowing water", "erosion due to falling rain and snow", "weathering due to freezing and thawing"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?\n1. shaking from high winds\n2. pressure from flowing water\n3. erosion due to falling rain and snow\n4. weathering due to freezing and thawing\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?", "choices": {"text": ["shaking from high winds", "pressure from flowing water", "erosion due to falling rain and snow", "weathering due to freezing and thawing"], "label": ["Q", "S", "G", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?\nQ. shaking from high winds\nS. pressure from flowing water\nG. erosion due to falling rain and snow\nB. weathering due to freezing and thawing\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering due to freezing and thawing", "erosion due to falling rain and snow", "shaking from high winds", "pressure from flowing water"], "label": ["Q", "S", "G", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?\nQ. weathering due to freezing and thawing\nS. erosion due to falling rain and snow\nG. shaking from high winds\nB. pressure from flowing water\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2309}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_24", "question": "Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?", "choices": {"text": ["communicating", "hibernating", "migrating", "camouflaging"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?\nA. communicating\nB. hibernating\nC. migrating\nD. camouflaging\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?", "choices": {"text": ["camouflaging", "migrating", "communicating", "hibernating"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?\nA. camouflaging\nB. migrating\nC. communicating\nD. hibernating\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?", "choices": {"text": ["communicating", "hibernating", "migrating", "camouflaging"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?\n1. communicating\n2. hibernating\n3. migrating\n4. camouflaging\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?", "choices": {"text": ["communicating", "hibernating", "migrating", "camouflaging"], "label": ["E", "R", "N", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?\nE. communicating\nR. hibernating\nN. migrating\nX. camouflaging\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?", "choices": {"text": ["camouflaging", "migrating", "communicating", "hibernating"], "label": ["E", "R", "N", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many animals blend in with their environment and can not be easily seen by predators. This is an example of which adaptation?\nE. camouflaging\nR. migrating\nN. communicating\nX. hibernating\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2310}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7194425", "question": "Two parent butterflies with normal wings have offspring with altered wing shapes. What most likely caused this change?", "choices": {"text": ["speciation", "an adaptation", "natural selection", "a genetic mutation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two parent butterflies with normal wings have offspring with altered wing shapes. What most likely caused this change?\nA. speciation\nB. an adaptation\nC. natural selection\nD. a genetic mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Two parent butterflies with normal wings have offspring with altered wing shapes. What most likely caused this change?", "choices": {"text": ["a genetic mutation", "natural selection", "an adaptation", "speciation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two parent butterflies with normal wings have offspring with altered wing shapes. What most likely caused this change?\nA. a genetic mutation\nB. natural selection\nC. an adaptation\nD. speciation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Two parent butterflies with normal wings have offspring with altered wing shapes. What most likely caused this change?", "choices": {"text": ["speciation", "an adaptation", "natural selection", "a genetic mutation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two parent butterflies with normal wings have offspring with altered wing shapes. What most likely caused this change?\n1. speciation\n2. an adaptation\n3. natural selection\n4. a genetic mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two parent butterflies with normal wings have offspring with altered wing shapes. What most likely caused this change?", "choices": {"text": ["speciation", "an adaptation", "natural selection", "a genetic mutation"], "label": ["X", "K", "T", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two parent butterflies with normal wings have offspring with altered wing shapes. What most likely caused this change?\nX. speciation\nK. an adaptation\nT. natural selection\nP. a genetic mutation\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two parent butterflies with normal wings have offspring with altered wing shapes. What most likely caused this change?", "choices": {"text": ["a genetic mutation", "natural selection", "an adaptation", "speciation"], "label": ["X", "K", "T", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two parent butterflies with normal wings have offspring with altered wing shapes. What most likely caused this change?\nX. a genetic mutation\nK. natural selection\nT. an adaptation\nP. speciation\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2311}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7004165", "question": "Which is most responsible for reflecting incoming solar heat back to space?", "choices": {"text": ["clouds", "mountains", "ozone layers", "trade winds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most responsible for reflecting incoming solar heat back to space?\nA. clouds\nB. mountains\nC. ozone layers\nD. trade winds\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most responsible for reflecting incoming solar heat back to space?", "choices": {"text": ["mountains", "ozone layers", "clouds", "trade winds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most responsible for reflecting incoming solar heat back to space?\nA. mountains\nB. ozone layers\nC. clouds\nD. trade winds\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most responsible for reflecting incoming solar heat back to space?", "choices": {"text": ["clouds", "mountains", "ozone layers", "trade winds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most responsible for reflecting incoming solar heat back to space?\n1. clouds\n2. mountains\n3. ozone layers\n4. trade winds\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most responsible for reflecting incoming solar heat back to space?", "choices": {"text": ["clouds", "mountains", "ozone layers", "trade winds"], "label": ["P", "X", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most responsible for reflecting incoming solar heat back to space?\nP. clouds\nX. mountains\nS. ozone layers\nR. trade winds\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most responsible for reflecting incoming solar heat back to space?", "choices": {"text": ["mountains", "ozone layers", "clouds", "trade winds"], "label": ["P", "X", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most responsible for reflecting incoming solar heat back to space?\nP. mountains\nX. ozone layers\nS. clouds\nR. trade winds\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2312}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7086205", "question": "Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?", "choices": {"text": ["malleable", "lighter than water", "magnetic", "harder than a diamond"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?\nA. malleable\nB. lighter than water\nC. magnetic\nD. harder than a diamond\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic", "harder than a diamond", "lighter than water", "malleable"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?\nA. magnetic\nB. harder than a diamond\nC. lighter than water\nD. malleable\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?", "choices": {"text": ["malleable", "lighter than water", "magnetic", "harder than a diamond"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?\n1. malleable\n2. lighter than water\n3. magnetic\n4. harder than a diamond\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?", "choices": {"text": ["malleable", "lighter than water", "magnetic", "harder than a diamond"], "label": ["M", "T", "J", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?\nM. malleable\nT. lighter than water\nJ. magnetic\nB. harder than a diamond\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetic", "harder than a diamond", "lighter than water", "malleable"], "label": ["M", "T", "J", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is a characteristic of the metal gold?\nM. magnetic\nT. harder than a diamond\nJ. lighter than water\nB. malleable\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2313}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_8", "question": "Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?", "choices": {"text": ["life cycle", "pedigree chart", "food web", "energy pyramid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?\nA. life cycle\nB. pedigree chart\nC. food web\nD. energy pyramid\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?", "choices": {"text": ["pedigree chart", "energy pyramid", "food web", "life cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?\nA. pedigree chart\nB. energy pyramid\nC. food web\nD. life cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?", "choices": {"text": ["life cycle", "pedigree chart", "food web", "energy pyramid"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?\n1. life cycle\n2. pedigree chart\n3. food web\n4. energy pyramid\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?", "choices": {"text": ["life cycle", "pedigree chart", "food web", "energy pyramid"], "label": ["F", "C", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?\nF. life cycle\nC. pedigree chart\nN. food web\nJ. energy pyramid\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?", "choices": {"text": ["pedigree chart", "energy pyramid", "food web", "life cycle"], "label": ["F", "C", "N", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?\nF. pedigree chart\nC. energy pyramid\nN. food web\nJ. life cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2314}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7041948", "question": "Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?", "choices": {"text": ["The atom has 20 protons.", "The atom has 20 neutrons.", "The sum of the number of protons and electrons is 20.", "The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is 20."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?\nA. The atom has 20 protons.\nB. The atom has 20 neutrons.\nC. The sum of the number of protons and electrons is 20.\nD. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is 20.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?", "choices": {"text": ["The atom has 20 neutrons.", "The sum of the number of protons and electrons is 20.", "The atom has 20 protons.", "The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is 20."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?\nA. The atom has 20 neutrons.\nB. The sum of the number of protons and electrons is 20.\nC. The atom has 20 protons.\nD. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is 20.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?", "choices": {"text": ["The atom has 20 protons.", "The atom has 20 neutrons.", "The sum of the number of protons and electrons is 20.", "The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is 20."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?\n1. The atom has 20 protons.\n2. The atom has 20 neutrons.\n3. The sum of the number of protons and electrons is 20.\n4. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is 20.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?", "choices": {"text": ["The atom has 20 protons.", "The atom has 20 neutrons.", "The sum of the number of protons and electrons is 20.", "The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is 20."], "label": ["S", "V", "C", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?\nS. The atom has 20 protons.\nV. The atom has 20 neutrons.\nC. The sum of the number of protons and electrons is 20.\nO. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is 20.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?", "choices": {"text": ["The atom has 20 neutrons.", "The sum of the number of protons and electrons is 20.", "The atom has 20 protons.", "The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is 20."], "label": ["S", "V", "C", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best describes an atom with an atomic number of 20?\nS. The atom has 20 neutrons.\nV. The sum of the number of protons and electrons is 20.\nC. The atom has 20 protons.\nO. The sum of the number of protons and neutrons is 20.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2315}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7092348", "question": "Scientists have developed an allergy medication from a plant that is part of the rainforest food chain. What concern might develop when producing this medication from the plant?", "choices": {"text": ["overproduction of the medication", "increase in allergies in rainforest wildlife", "lack of patients to test the new medication", "decrease in a food source to rainforest wildlife"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have developed an allergy medication from a plant that is part of the rainforest food chain. What concern might develop when producing this medication from the plant?\nA. overproduction of the medication\nB. increase in allergies in rainforest wildlife\nC. lack of patients to test the new medication\nD. decrease in a food source to rainforest wildlife\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have developed an allergy medication from a plant that is part of the rainforest food chain. What concern might develop when producing this medication from the plant?", "choices": {"text": ["overproduction of the medication", "lack of patients to test the new medication", "decrease in a food source to rainforest wildlife", "increase in allergies in rainforest wildlife"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have developed an allergy medication from a plant that is part of the rainforest food chain. What concern might develop when producing this medication from the plant?\nA. overproduction of the medication\nB. lack of patients to test the new medication\nC. decrease in a food source to rainforest wildlife\nD. increase in allergies in rainforest wildlife\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have developed an allergy medication from a plant that is part of the rainforest food chain. What concern might develop when producing this medication from the plant?", "choices": {"text": ["overproduction of the medication", "increase in allergies in rainforest wildlife", "lack of patients to test the new medication", "decrease in a food source to rainforest wildlife"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have developed an allergy medication from a plant that is part of the rainforest food chain. What concern might develop when producing this medication from the plant?\n1. overproduction of the medication\n2. increase in allergies in rainforest wildlife\n3. lack of patients to test the new medication\n4. decrease in a food source to rainforest wildlife\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have developed an allergy medication from a plant that is part of the rainforest food chain. What concern might develop when producing this medication from the plant?", "choices": {"text": ["overproduction of the medication", "increase in allergies in rainforest wildlife", "lack of patients to test the new medication", "decrease in a food source to rainforest wildlife"], "label": ["Y", "F", "M", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have developed an allergy medication from a plant that is part of the rainforest food chain. What concern might develop when producing this medication from the plant?\nY. overproduction of the medication\nF. increase in allergies in rainforest wildlife\nM. lack of patients to test the new medication\nO. decrease in a food source to rainforest wildlife\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have developed an allergy medication from a plant that is part of the rainforest food chain. What concern might develop when producing this medication from the plant?", "choices": {"text": ["overproduction of the medication", "lack of patients to test the new medication", "decrease in a food source to rainforest wildlife", "increase in allergies in rainforest wildlife"], "label": ["Y", "F", "M", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have developed an allergy medication from a plant that is part of the rainforest food chain. What concern might develop when producing this medication from the plant?\nY. overproduction of the medication\nF. lack of patients to test the new medication\nM. decrease in a food source to rainforest wildlife\nO. increase in allergies in rainforest wildlife\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2316}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_5_25", "question": "Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of", "choices": {"text": ["lava stone", "igneous rock", "volcanic dust", "sedimentary rock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of\nA. lava stone\nB. igneous rock\nC. volcanic dust\nD. sedimentary rock\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of", "choices": {"text": ["lava stone", "sedimentary rock", "volcanic dust", "igneous rock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of\nA. lava stone\nB. sedimentary rock\nC. volcanic dust\nD. igneous rock\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of", "choices": {"text": ["lava stone", "igneous rock", "volcanic dust", "sedimentary rock"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of\n1. lava stone\n2. igneous rock\n3. volcanic dust\n4. sedimentary rock\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of", "choices": {"text": ["lava stone", "igneous rock", "volcanic dust", "sedimentary rock"], "label": ["P", "V", "W", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of\nP. lava stone\nV. igneous rock\nW. volcanic dust\nX. sedimentary rock\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of", "choices": {"text": ["lava stone", "sedimentary rock", "volcanic dust", "igneous rock"], "label": ["P", "V", "W", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Granite is a hard material and forms from cooling magma. Granite is a type of\nP. lava stone\nV. sedimentary rock\nW. volcanic dust\nX. igneous rock\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2317}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7212713", "question": "Seismic waves occur as a result of an earthquake. Which statement describes a wave property that makes it possible for scientists to locate the source of an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["The wavelength of a wave is measured from crest to crest.", "Waves travel uniformly outward from the wave source.", "The frequency of waves varies in different mediums.", "Waves move at the same speed in different materials."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seismic waves occur as a result of an earthquake. Which statement describes a wave property that makes it possible for scientists to locate the source of an earthquake?\nA. The wavelength of a wave is measured from crest to crest.\nB. Waves travel uniformly outward from the wave source.\nC. The frequency of waves varies in different mediums.\nD. Waves move at the same speed in different materials.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Seismic waves occur as a result of an earthquake. Which statement describes a wave property that makes it possible for scientists to locate the source of an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["Waves travel uniformly outward from the wave source.", "The frequency of waves varies in different mediums.", "Waves move at the same speed in different materials.", "The wavelength of a wave is measured from crest to crest."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seismic waves occur as a result of an earthquake. Which statement describes a wave property that makes it possible for scientists to locate the source of an earthquake?\nA. Waves travel uniformly outward from the wave source.\nB. The frequency of waves varies in different mediums.\nC. Waves move at the same speed in different materials.\nD. The wavelength of a wave is measured from crest to crest.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Seismic waves occur as a result of an earthquake. Which statement describes a wave property that makes it possible for scientists to locate the source of an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["The wavelength of a wave is measured from crest to crest.", "Waves travel uniformly outward from the wave source.", "The frequency of waves varies in different mediums.", "Waves move at the same speed in different materials."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seismic waves occur as a result of an earthquake. Which statement describes a wave property that makes it possible for scientists to locate the source of an earthquake?\n1. The wavelength of a wave is measured from crest to crest.\n2. Waves travel uniformly outward from the wave source.\n3. The frequency of waves varies in different mediums.\n4. Waves move at the same speed in different materials.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seismic waves occur as a result of an earthquake. Which statement describes a wave property that makes it possible for scientists to locate the source of an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["The wavelength of a wave is measured from crest to crest.", "Waves travel uniformly outward from the wave source.", "The frequency of waves varies in different mediums.", "Waves move at the same speed in different materials."], "label": ["X", "J", "I", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seismic waves occur as a result of an earthquake. Which statement describes a wave property that makes it possible for scientists to locate the source of an earthquake?\nX. The wavelength of a wave is measured from crest to crest.\nJ. Waves travel uniformly outward from the wave source.\nI. The frequency of waves varies in different mediums.\nS. Waves move at the same speed in different materials.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seismic waves occur as a result of an earthquake. Which statement describes a wave property that makes it possible for scientists to locate the source of an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["Waves travel uniformly outward from the wave source.", "The frequency of waves varies in different mediums.", "Waves move at the same speed in different materials.", "The wavelength of a wave is measured from crest to crest."], "label": ["X", "J", "I", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seismic waves occur as a result of an earthquake. Which statement describes a wave property that makes it possible for scientists to locate the source of an earthquake?\nX. Waves travel uniformly outward from the wave source.\nJ. The frequency of waves varies in different mediums.\nI. Waves move at the same speed in different materials.\nS. The wavelength of a wave is measured from crest to crest.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2318}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406661", "question": "Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["Name how many experiments have been done.", "Tell how to do a different experiment.", "Show the results of the experiment.", "Write the experiment in order."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?\nA. Name how many experiments have been done.\nB. Tell how to do a different experiment.\nC. Show the results of the experiment.\nD. Write the experiment in order.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["Tell how to do a different experiment.", "Name how many experiments have been done.", "Write the experiment in order.", "Show the results of the experiment."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?\nA. Tell how to do a different experiment.\nB. Name how many experiments have been done.\nC. Write the experiment in order.\nD. Show the results of the experiment.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["Name how many experiments have been done.", "Tell how to do a different experiment.", "Show the results of the experiment.", "Write the experiment in order."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?\n1. Name how many experiments have been done.\n2. Tell how to do a different experiment.\n3. Show the results of the experiment.\n4. Write the experiment in order.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["Name how many experiments have been done.", "Tell how to do a different experiment.", "Show the results of the experiment.", "Write the experiment in order."], "label": ["S", "H", "P", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?\nS. Name how many experiments have been done.\nH. Tell how to do a different experiment.\nP. Show the results of the experiment.\nD. Write the experiment in order.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?", "choices": {"text": ["Tell how to do a different experiment.", "Name how many experiments have been done.", "Write the experiment in order.", "Show the results of the experiment."], "label": ["S", "H", "P", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?\nS. Tell how to do a different experiment.\nH. Name how many experiments have been done.\nP. Write the experiment in order.\nD. Show the results of the experiment.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2319}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_5_51", "question": "A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?", "choices": {"text": ["size of the cells of the organism", "what the organism eats", "how many types of cells are in the organism", "how fast the organism grows"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?\nA. size of the cells of the organism\nB. what the organism eats\nC. how many types of cells are in the organism\nD. how fast the organism grows\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?", "choices": {"text": ["what the organism eats", "how many types of cells are in the organism", "size of the cells of the organism", "how fast the organism grows"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?\nA. what the organism eats\nB. how many types of cells are in the organism\nC. size of the cells of the organism\nD. how fast the organism grows\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?", "choices": {"text": ["size of the cells of the organism", "what the organism eats", "how many types of cells are in the organism", "how fast the organism grows"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?\n1. size of the cells of the organism\n2. what the organism eats\n3. how many types of cells are in the organism\n4. how fast the organism grows\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?", "choices": {"text": ["size of the cells of the organism", "what the organism eats", "how many types of cells are in the organism", "how fast the organism grows"], "label": ["E", "I", "W", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?\nE. size of the cells of the organism\nI. what the organism eats\nW. how many types of cells are in the organism\nS. how fast the organism grows\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?", "choices": {"text": ["what the organism eats", "how many types of cells are in the organism", "size of the cells of the organism", "how fast the organism grows"], "label": ["E", "I", "W", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?\nE. what the organism eats\nI. how many types of cells are in the organism\nW. size of the cells of the organism\nS. how fast the organism grows\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2320}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7163940", "question": "During digestion, strong acids are added to food to help break down the food chemically. Into which organ are most of these acids added?", "choices": {"text": ["small intestine", "large intestine", "gallbladder", "stomach"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During digestion, strong acids are added to food to help break down the food chemically. Into which organ are most of these acids added?\nA. small intestine\nB. large intestine\nC. gallbladder\nD. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During digestion, strong acids are added to food to help break down the food chemically. Into which organ are most of these acids added?", "choices": {"text": ["stomach", "gallbladder", "small intestine", "large intestine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During digestion, strong acids are added to food to help break down the food chemically. Into which organ are most of these acids added?\nA. stomach\nB. gallbladder\nC. small intestine\nD. large intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During digestion, strong acids are added to food to help break down the food chemically. Into which organ are most of these acids added?", "choices": {"text": ["small intestine", "large intestine", "gallbladder", "stomach"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During digestion, strong acids are added to food to help break down the food chemically. Into which organ are most of these acids added?\n1. small intestine\n2. large intestine\n3. gallbladder\n4. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During digestion, strong acids are added to food to help break down the food chemically. Into which organ are most of these acids added?", "choices": {"text": ["small intestine", "large intestine", "gallbladder", "stomach"], "label": ["B", "V", "D", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: During digestion, strong acids are added to food to help break down the food chemically. Into which organ are most of these acids added?\nB. small intestine\nV. large intestine\nD. gallbladder\nY. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During digestion, strong acids are added to food to help break down the food chemically. Into which organ are most of these acids added?", "choices": {"text": ["stomach", "gallbladder", "small intestine", "large intestine"], "label": ["B", "V", "D", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: During digestion, strong acids are added to food to help break down the food chemically. Into which organ are most of these acids added?\nB. stomach\nV. gallbladder\nD. small intestine\nY. large intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2321}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7164658", "question": "Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "frictional", "gravitational", "magnetic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?\nA. electrical\nB. frictional\nC. gravitational\nD. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational", "frictional", "electrical", "magnetic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?\nA. gravitational\nB. frictional\nC. electrical\nD. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "frictional", "gravitational", "magnetic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?\n1. electrical\n2. frictional\n3. gravitational\n4. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?", "choices": {"text": ["electrical", "frictional", "gravitational", "magnetic"], "label": ["W", "Q", "V", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?\nW. electrical\nQ. frictional\nV. gravitational\nG. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational", "frictional", "electrical", "magnetic"], "label": ["W", "Q", "V", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?\nW. gravitational\nQ. frictional\nV. electrical\nG. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2322}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7197908", "question": "When placed in a glucose solution, yeast cells will produce bubbles. Which process are the yeast cells carrying out?", "choices": {"text": ["chemosynthesis", "photosynthesis", "respiration", "transpiration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When placed in a glucose solution, yeast cells will produce bubbles. Which process are the yeast cells carrying out?\nA. chemosynthesis\nB. photosynthesis\nC. respiration\nD. transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When placed in a glucose solution, yeast cells will produce bubbles. Which process are the yeast cells carrying out?", "choices": {"text": ["transpiration", "respiration", "photosynthesis", "chemosynthesis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When placed in a glucose solution, yeast cells will produce bubbles. Which process are the yeast cells carrying out?\nA. transpiration\nB. respiration\nC. photosynthesis\nD. chemosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When placed in a glucose solution, yeast cells will produce bubbles. Which process are the yeast cells carrying out?", "choices": {"text": ["chemosynthesis", "photosynthesis", "respiration", "transpiration"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When placed in a glucose solution, yeast cells will produce bubbles. Which process are the yeast cells carrying out?\n1. chemosynthesis\n2. photosynthesis\n3. respiration\n4. transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When placed in a glucose solution, yeast cells will produce bubbles. Which process are the yeast cells carrying out?", "choices": {"text": ["chemosynthesis", "photosynthesis", "respiration", "transpiration"], "label": ["M", "B", "S", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: When placed in a glucose solution, yeast cells will produce bubbles. Which process are the yeast cells carrying out?\nM. chemosynthesis\nB. photosynthesis\nS. respiration\nA. transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When placed in a glucose solution, yeast cells will produce bubbles. Which process are the yeast cells carrying out?", "choices": {"text": ["transpiration", "respiration", "photosynthesis", "chemosynthesis"], "label": ["M", "B", "S", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: When placed in a glucose solution, yeast cells will produce bubbles. Which process are the yeast cells carrying out?\nM. transpiration\nB. respiration\nS. photosynthesis\nA. chemosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2323}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7080448", "question": "In order to make a line graph showing the rate of erosion on the banks of a river during a week-long flood, the y-axis should be labeled as the width of the river bank, in meters. The best label for the x-axis is time, in", "choices": {"text": ["seconds.", "minutes.", "hours.", "days."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to make a line graph showing the rate of erosion on the banks of a river during a week-long flood, the y-axis should be labeled as the width of the river bank, in meters. The best label for the x-axis is time, in\nA. seconds.\nB. minutes.\nC. hours.\nD. days.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to make a line graph showing the rate of erosion on the banks of a river during a week-long flood, the y-axis should be labeled as the width of the river bank, in meters. The best label for the x-axis is time, in", "choices": {"text": ["minutes.", "days.", "hours.", "seconds."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to make a line graph showing the rate of erosion on the banks of a river during a week-long flood, the y-axis should be labeled as the width of the river bank, in meters. The best label for the x-axis is time, in\nA. minutes.\nB. days.\nC. hours.\nD. seconds.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to make a line graph showing the rate of erosion on the banks of a river during a week-long flood, the y-axis should be labeled as the width of the river bank, in meters. The best label for the x-axis is time, in", "choices": {"text": ["seconds.", "minutes.", "hours.", "days."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to make a line graph showing the rate of erosion on the banks of a river during a week-long flood, the y-axis should be labeled as the width of the river bank, in meters. The best label for the x-axis is time, in\n1. seconds.\n2. minutes.\n3. hours.\n4. days.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to make a line graph showing the rate of erosion on the banks of a river during a week-long flood, the y-axis should be labeled as the width of the river bank, in meters. The best label for the x-axis is time, in", "choices": {"text": ["seconds.", "minutes.", "hours.", "days."], "label": ["I", "D", "H", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to make a line graph showing the rate of erosion on the banks of a river during a week-long flood, the y-axis should be labeled as the width of the river bank, in meters. The best label for the x-axis is time, in\nI. seconds.\nD. minutes.\nH. hours.\nO. days.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to make a line graph showing the rate of erosion on the banks of a river during a week-long flood, the y-axis should be labeled as the width of the river bank, in meters. The best label for the x-axis is time, in", "choices": {"text": ["minutes.", "days.", "hours.", "seconds."], "label": ["I", "D", "H", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to make a line graph showing the rate of erosion on the banks of a river during a week-long flood, the y-axis should be labeled as the width of the river bank, in meters. The best label for the x-axis is time, in\nI. minutes.\nD. days.\nH. hours.\nO. seconds.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2324}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7130498", "question": "A student is investigating the effect of different nutrients on the growth of seedling plants. Which of these would be an independent (manipulated) variable in the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "sunlight", "soil nutrients", "seedling plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating the effect of different nutrients on the growth of seedling plants. Which of these would be an independent (manipulated) variable in the investigation?\nA. water\nB. sunlight\nC. soil nutrients\nD. seedling plants\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating the effect of different nutrients on the growth of seedling plants. Which of these would be an independent (manipulated) variable in the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["soil nutrients", "sunlight", "water", "seedling plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating the effect of different nutrients on the growth of seedling plants. Which of these would be an independent (manipulated) variable in the investigation?\nA. soil nutrients\nB. sunlight\nC. water\nD. seedling plants\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating the effect of different nutrients on the growth of seedling plants. Which of these would be an independent (manipulated) variable in the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "sunlight", "soil nutrients", "seedling plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating the effect of different nutrients on the growth of seedling plants. Which of these would be an independent (manipulated) variable in the investigation?\n1. water\n2. sunlight\n3. soil nutrients\n4. seedling plants\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating the effect of different nutrients on the growth of seedling plants. Which of these would be an independent (manipulated) variable in the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["water", "sunlight", "soil nutrients", "seedling plants"], "label": ["T", "D", "J", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating the effect of different nutrients on the growth of seedling plants. Which of these would be an independent (manipulated) variable in the investigation?\nT. water\nD. sunlight\nJ. soil nutrients\nI. seedling plants\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating the effect of different nutrients on the growth of seedling plants. Which of these would be an independent (manipulated) variable in the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["soil nutrients", "sunlight", "water", "seedling plants"], "label": ["T", "D", "J", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating the effect of different nutrients on the growth of seedling plants. Which of these would be an independent (manipulated) variable in the investigation?\nT. soil nutrients\nD. sunlight\nJ. water\nI. seedling plants\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2325}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2013_5_17", "question": "One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into which group is this animal classified?", "choices": {"text": ["amphibians", "birds", "mammals", "reptiles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into which group is this animal classified?\nA. amphibians\nB. birds\nC. mammals\nD. reptiles\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into which group is this animal classified?", "choices": {"text": ["birds", "reptiles", "amphibians", "mammals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into which group is this animal classified?\nA. birds\nB. reptiles\nC. amphibians\nD. mammals\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into which group is this animal classified?", "choices": {"text": ["amphibians", "birds", "mammals", "reptiles"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into which group is this animal classified?\n1. amphibians\n2. birds\n3. mammals\n4. reptiles\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into which group is this animal classified?", "choices": {"text": ["amphibians", "birds", "mammals", "reptiles"], "label": ["H", "F", "W", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into which group is this animal classified?\nH. amphibians\nF. birds\nW. mammals\nD. reptiles\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into which group is this animal classified?", "choices": {"text": ["birds", "reptiles", "amphibians", "mammals"], "label": ["H", "F", "W", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One type of animal hatches from an egg, breathes through gills when it is young, and mainly lives on land as an adult. Into which group is this animal classified?\nH. birds\nF. reptiles\nW. amphibians\nD. mammals\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2326}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7136623", "question": "A science teacher is discussing the immune system with his class. Which statement should the teacher make about this system?", "choices": {"text": ["It produces new cells to carry oxygen.", "It produces chemicals to regulate growth.", "It produces antibodies to fight bacteria.", "It produces electrical signals to control the body."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A science teacher is discussing the immune system with his class. Which statement should the teacher make about this system?\nA. It produces new cells to carry oxygen.\nB. It produces chemicals to regulate growth.\nC. It produces antibodies to fight bacteria.\nD. It produces electrical signals to control the body.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A science teacher is discussing the immune system with his class. Which statement should the teacher make about this system?", "choices": {"text": ["It produces antibodies to fight bacteria.", "It produces chemicals to regulate growth.", "It produces electrical signals to control the body.", "It produces new cells to carry oxygen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A science teacher is discussing the immune system with his class. Which statement should the teacher make about this system?\nA. It produces antibodies to fight bacteria.\nB. It produces chemicals to regulate growth.\nC. It produces electrical signals to control the body.\nD. It produces new cells to carry oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A science teacher is discussing the immune system with his class. Which statement should the teacher make about this system?", "choices": {"text": ["It produces new cells to carry oxygen.", "It produces chemicals to regulate growth.", "It produces antibodies to fight bacteria.", "It produces electrical signals to control the body."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A science teacher is discussing the immune system with his class. Which statement should the teacher make about this system?\n1. It produces new cells to carry oxygen.\n2. It produces chemicals to regulate growth.\n3. It produces antibodies to fight bacteria.\n4. It produces electrical signals to control the body.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A science teacher is discussing the immune system with his class. Which statement should the teacher make about this system?", "choices": {"text": ["It produces new cells to carry oxygen.", "It produces chemicals to regulate growth.", "It produces antibodies to fight bacteria.", "It produces electrical signals to control the body."], "label": ["S", "D", "F", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A science teacher is discussing the immune system with his class. Which statement should the teacher make about this system?\nS. It produces new cells to carry oxygen.\nD. It produces chemicals to regulate growth.\nF. It produces antibodies to fight bacteria.\nY. It produces electrical signals to control the body.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A science teacher is discussing the immune system with his class. Which statement should the teacher make about this system?", "choices": {"text": ["It produces antibodies to fight bacteria.", "It produces chemicals to regulate growth.", "It produces electrical signals to control the body.", "It produces new cells to carry oxygen."], "label": ["S", "D", "F", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A science teacher is discussing the immune system with his class. Which statement should the teacher make about this system?\nS. It produces antibodies to fight bacteria.\nD. It produces chemicals to regulate growth.\nF. It produces electrical signals to control the body.\nY. It produces new cells to carry oxygen.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2327}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7014508", "question": "Which of the following has been formed on the Asian continent by two continental plates that have been pressing together for millions of years?", "choices": {"text": ["large fields of gravel", "a tall mountain chain", "large freshwater lakes linked by rivers", "an uneven thickness of sedimentary layers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following has been formed on the Asian continent by two continental plates that have been pressing together for millions of years?\nA. large fields of gravel\nB. a tall mountain chain\nC. large freshwater lakes linked by rivers\nD. an uneven thickness of sedimentary layers\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following has been formed on the Asian continent by two continental plates that have been pressing together for millions of years?", "choices": {"text": ["large fields of gravel", "an uneven thickness of sedimentary layers", "large freshwater lakes linked by rivers", "a tall mountain chain"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following has been formed on the Asian continent by two continental plates that have been pressing together for millions of years?\nA. large fields of gravel\nB. an uneven thickness of sedimentary layers\nC. large freshwater lakes linked by rivers\nD. a tall mountain chain\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following has been formed on the Asian continent by two continental plates that have been pressing together for millions of years?", "choices": {"text": ["large fields of gravel", "a tall mountain chain", "large freshwater lakes linked by rivers", "an uneven thickness of sedimentary layers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following has been formed on the Asian continent by two continental plates that have been pressing together for millions of years?\n1. large fields of gravel\n2. a tall mountain chain\n3. large freshwater lakes linked by rivers\n4. an uneven thickness of sedimentary layers\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following has been formed on the Asian continent by two continental plates that have been pressing together for millions of years?", "choices": {"text": ["large fields of gravel", "a tall mountain chain", "large freshwater lakes linked by rivers", "an uneven thickness of sedimentary layers"], "label": ["A", "P", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following has been formed on the Asian continent by two continental plates that have been pressing together for millions of years?\nA. large fields of gravel\nP. a tall mountain chain\nH. large freshwater lakes linked by rivers\nZ. an uneven thickness of sedimentary layers\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following has been formed on the Asian continent by two continental plates that have been pressing together for millions of years?", "choices": {"text": ["large fields of gravel", "an uneven thickness of sedimentary layers", "large freshwater lakes linked by rivers", "a tall mountain chain"], "label": ["A", "P", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following has been formed on the Asian continent by two continental plates that have been pressing together for millions of years?\nA. large fields of gravel\nP. an uneven thickness of sedimentary layers\nH. large freshwater lakes linked by rivers\nZ. a tall mountain chain\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2328}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401652", "question": "Before large trees could grow on Earth, what had to happen first?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks were eroded to form soil.", "Molten rock warmed Earth's interior.", "Earth's gravity accumulated to modern levels.", "Volcanoes exploded to form mountaintop lakes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Before large trees could grow on Earth, what had to happen first?\nA. Rocks were eroded to form soil.\nB. Molten rock warmed Earth's interior.\nC. Earth's gravity accumulated to modern levels.\nD. Volcanoes exploded to form mountaintop lakes.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Before large trees could grow on Earth, what had to happen first?", "choices": {"text": ["Volcanoes exploded to form mountaintop lakes.", "Earth's gravity accumulated to modern levels.", "Rocks were eroded to form soil.", "Molten rock warmed Earth's interior."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Before large trees could grow on Earth, what had to happen first?\nA. Volcanoes exploded to form mountaintop lakes.\nB. Earth's gravity accumulated to modern levels.\nC. Rocks were eroded to form soil.\nD. Molten rock warmed Earth's interior.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Before large trees could grow on Earth, what had to happen first?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks were eroded to form soil.", "Molten rock warmed Earth's interior.", "Earth's gravity accumulated to modern levels.", "Volcanoes exploded to form mountaintop lakes."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Before large trees could grow on Earth, what had to happen first?\n1. Rocks were eroded to form soil.\n2. Molten rock warmed Earth's interior.\n3. Earth's gravity accumulated to modern levels.\n4. Volcanoes exploded to form mountaintop lakes.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Before large trees could grow on Earth, what had to happen first?", "choices": {"text": ["Rocks were eroded to form soil.", "Molten rock warmed Earth's interior.", "Earth's gravity accumulated to modern levels.", "Volcanoes exploded to form mountaintop lakes."], "label": ["U", "C", "E", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Before large trees could grow on Earth, what had to happen first?\nU. Rocks were eroded to form soil.\nC. Molten rock warmed Earth's interior.\nE. Earth's gravity accumulated to modern levels.\nF. Volcanoes exploded to form mountaintop lakes.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Before large trees could grow on Earth, what had to happen first?", "choices": {"text": ["Volcanoes exploded to form mountaintop lakes.", "Earth's gravity accumulated to modern levels.", "Rocks were eroded to form soil.", "Molten rock warmed Earth's interior."], "label": ["U", "C", "E", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Before large trees could grow on Earth, what had to happen first?\nU. Volcanoes exploded to form mountaintop lakes.\nC. Earth's gravity accumulated to modern levels.\nE. Rocks were eroded to form soil.\nF. Molten rock warmed Earth's interior.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2329}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7069003", "question": "Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?", "choices": {"text": ["loud noises", "foreign bacteria", "wearing tight hats", "dirty ear canals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?\nA. loud noises\nB. foreign bacteria\nC. wearing tight hats\nD. dirty ear canals\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?", "choices": {"text": ["loud noises", "dirty ear canals", "wearing tight hats", "foreign bacteria"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?\nA. loud noises\nB. dirty ear canals\nC. wearing tight hats\nD. foreign bacteria\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?", "choices": {"text": ["loud noises", "foreign bacteria", "wearing tight hats", "dirty ear canals"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?\n1. loud noises\n2. foreign bacteria\n3. wearing tight hats\n4. dirty ear canals\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?", "choices": {"text": ["loud noises", "foreign bacteria", "wearing tight hats", "dirty ear canals"], "label": ["R", "V", "D", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?\nR. loud noises\nV. foreign bacteria\nD. wearing tight hats\nG. dirty ear canals\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?", "choices": {"text": ["loud noises", "dirty ear canals", "wearing tight hats", "foreign bacteria"], "label": ["R", "V", "D", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is most likely a direct cause of an ear infection?\nR. loud noises\nV. dirty ear canals\nD. wearing tight hats\nG. foreign bacteria\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2330}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_4_pg110", "question": "Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?", "choices": {"text": ["underground water", "sand soil", "fossils of fish", "salty lakes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?\nA. underground water\nB. sand soil\nC. fossils of fish\nD. salty lakes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?", "choices": {"text": ["fossils of fish", "salty lakes", "underground water", "sand soil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?\nA. fossils of fish\nB. salty lakes\nC. underground water\nD. sand soil\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?", "choices": {"text": ["underground water", "sand soil", "fossils of fish", "salty lakes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?\n1. underground water\n2. sand soil\n3. fossils of fish\n4. salty lakes\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?", "choices": {"text": ["underground water", "sand soil", "fossils of fish", "salty lakes"], "label": ["A", "I", "R", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?\nA. underground water\nI. sand soil\nR. fossils of fish\nG. salty lakes\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?", "choices": {"text": ["fossils of fish", "salty lakes", "underground water", "sand soil"], "label": ["A", "I", "R", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists believe that oceans once covered much of what is now land. which of these things found on land led scientists to believe this?\nA. fossils of fish\nI. salty lakes\nR. underground water\nG. sand soil\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2331}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_183190", "question": "Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?", "choices": {"text": ["a wolf's howl", "an insect's coloring", "a fish's fin", "a squirrel storing acorns"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?\nA. a wolf's howl\nB. an insect's coloring\nC. a fish's fin\nD. a squirrel storing acorns\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?", "choices": {"text": ["a squirrel storing acorns", "a wolf's howl", "an insect's coloring", "a fish's fin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?\nA. a squirrel storing acorns\nB. a wolf's howl\nC. an insect's coloring\nD. a fish's fin\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?", "choices": {"text": ["a wolf's howl", "an insect's coloring", "a fish's fin", "a squirrel storing acorns"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?\n1. a wolf's howl\n2. an insect's coloring\n3. a fish's fin\n4. a squirrel storing acorns\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?", "choices": {"text": ["a wolf's howl", "an insect's coloring", "a fish's fin", "a squirrel storing acorns"], "label": ["D", "X", "Y", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?\nD. a wolf's howl\nX. an insect's coloring\nY. a fish's fin\nC. a squirrel storing acorns\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?", "choices": {"text": ["a squirrel storing acorns", "a wolf's howl", "an insect's coloring", "a fish's fin"], "label": ["D", "X", "Y", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?\nD. a squirrel storing acorns\nX. a wolf's howl\nY. an insect's coloring\nC. a fish's fin\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2332}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416137", "question": "Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["sap", "oxygen", "nectar", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?\nA. sap\nB. oxygen\nC. nectar\nD. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nectar", "carbon dioxide", "sap"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?\nA. oxygen\nB. nectar\nC. carbon dioxide\nD. sap\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["sap", "oxygen", "nectar", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?\n1. sap\n2. oxygen\n3. nectar\n4. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["sap", "oxygen", "nectar", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["P", "K", "D", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?\nP. sap\nK. oxygen\nD. nectar\nH. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nectar", "carbon dioxide", "sap"], "label": ["P", "K", "D", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is made by plants to attract pollinators to flowers?\nP. oxygen\nK. nectar\nD. carbon dioxide\nH. sap\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2333}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401592", "question": "When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is", "choices": {"text": ["refracted.", "reflected.", "diffracted.", "absorbed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is\nA. refracted.\nB. reflected.\nC. diffracted.\nD. absorbed.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is", "choices": {"text": ["reflected.", "absorbed.", "diffracted.", "refracted."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is\nA. reflected.\nB. absorbed.\nC. diffracted.\nD. refracted.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is", "choices": {"text": ["refracted.", "reflected.", "diffracted.", "absorbed."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is\n1. refracted.\n2. reflected.\n3. diffracted.\n4. absorbed.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is", "choices": {"text": ["refracted.", "reflected.", "diffracted.", "absorbed."], "label": ["A", "D", "Y", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is\nA. refracted.\nD. reflected.\nY. diffracted.\nU. absorbed.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is", "choices": {"text": ["reflected.", "absorbed.", "diffracted.", "refracted."], "label": ["A", "D", "Y", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: When light reaches an eyeglass lens, the light is\nA. reflected.\nD. absorbed.\nY. diffracted.\nU. refracted.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2334}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7032288", "question": "For half an hour, a student watches two different types of flowering bushes and counts the number of butterflies that come to feed on each bush. What would be the best way to show the data?", "choices": {"text": ["a scatterplot", "a pie chart", "a bar graph", "a line graph"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: For half an hour, a student watches two different types of flowering bushes and counts the number of butterflies that come to feed on each bush. What would be the best way to show the data?\nA. a scatterplot\nB. a pie chart\nC. a bar graph\nD. a line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "For half an hour, a student watches two different types of flowering bushes and counts the number of butterflies that come to feed on each bush. What would be the best way to show the data?", "choices": {"text": ["a pie chart", "a bar graph", "a scatterplot", "a line graph"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: For half an hour, a student watches two different types of flowering bushes and counts the number of butterflies that come to feed on each bush. What would be the best way to show the data?\nA. a pie chart\nB. a bar graph\nC. a scatterplot\nD. a line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "For half an hour, a student watches two different types of flowering bushes and counts the number of butterflies that come to feed on each bush. What would be the best way to show the data?", "choices": {"text": ["a scatterplot", "a pie chart", "a bar graph", "a line graph"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: For half an hour, a student watches two different types of flowering bushes and counts the number of butterflies that come to feed on each bush. What would be the best way to show the data?\n1. a scatterplot\n2. a pie chart\n3. a bar graph\n4. a line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "For half an hour, a student watches two different types of flowering bushes and counts the number of butterflies that come to feed on each bush. What would be the best way to show the data?", "choices": {"text": ["a scatterplot", "a pie chart", "a bar graph", "a line graph"], "label": ["G", "V", "X", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: For half an hour, a student watches two different types of flowering bushes and counts the number of butterflies that come to feed on each bush. What would be the best way to show the data?\nG. a scatterplot\nV. a pie chart\nX. a bar graph\nN. a line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "For half an hour, a student watches two different types of flowering bushes and counts the number of butterflies that come to feed on each bush. What would be the best way to show the data?", "choices": {"text": ["a pie chart", "a bar graph", "a scatterplot", "a line graph"], "label": ["G", "V", "X", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: For half an hour, a student watches two different types of flowering bushes and counts the number of butterflies that come to feed on each bush. What would be the best way to show the data?\nG. a pie chart\nV. a bar graph\nX. a scatterplot\nN. a line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2335}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7007630", "question": "Where are electrons in an atom located?", "choices": {"text": ["models", "orbitals", "energy levels", "electron clouds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where are electrons in an atom located?\nA. models\nB. orbitals\nC. energy levels\nD. electron clouds\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Where are electrons in an atom located?", "choices": {"text": ["electron clouds", "energy levels", "models", "orbitals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where are electrons in an atom located?\nA. electron clouds\nB. energy levels\nC. models\nD. orbitals\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Where are electrons in an atom located?", "choices": {"text": ["models", "orbitals", "energy levels", "electron clouds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where are electrons in an atom located?\n1. models\n2. orbitals\n3. energy levels\n4. electron clouds\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where are electrons in an atom located?", "choices": {"text": ["models", "orbitals", "energy levels", "electron clouds"], "label": ["W", "J", "X", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where are electrons in an atom located?\nW. models\nJ. orbitals\nX. energy levels\nH. electron clouds\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where are electrons in an atom located?", "choices": {"text": ["electron clouds", "energy levels", "models", "orbitals"], "label": ["W", "J", "X", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where are electrons in an atom located?\nW. electron clouds\nJ. energy levels\nX. models\nH. orbitals\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2336}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_25", "question": "Which energy resource is considered non-renewable?", "choices": {"text": ["solar energy", "fossil fuels", "geothermal energy", "hydroelectric power"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy resource is considered non-renewable?\nA. solar energy\nB. fossil fuels\nC. geothermal energy\nD. hydroelectric power\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy resource is considered non-renewable?", "choices": {"text": ["geothermal energy", "hydroelectric power", "solar energy", "fossil fuels"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy resource is considered non-renewable?\nA. geothermal energy\nB. hydroelectric power\nC. solar energy\nD. fossil fuels\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy resource is considered non-renewable?", "choices": {"text": ["solar energy", "fossil fuels", "geothermal energy", "hydroelectric power"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy resource is considered non-renewable?\n1. solar energy\n2. fossil fuels\n3. geothermal energy\n4. hydroelectric power\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy resource is considered non-renewable?", "choices": {"text": ["solar energy", "fossil fuels", "geothermal energy", "hydroelectric power"], "label": ["Q", "F", "G", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy resource is considered non-renewable?\nQ. solar energy\nF. fossil fuels\nG. geothermal energy\nH. hydroelectric power\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which energy resource is considered non-renewable?", "choices": {"text": ["geothermal energy", "hydroelectric power", "solar energy", "fossil fuels"], "label": ["Q", "F", "G", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which energy resource is considered non-renewable?\nQ. geothermal energy\nF. hydroelectric power\nG. solar energy\nH. fossil fuels\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2337}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_182665", "question": "Which characteristic is exclusive to chordates?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive tract with two openings", "dorsal hollow nerve tube", "closed circulatory system", "bony internal skeleton"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic is exclusive to chordates?\nA. digestive tract with two openings\nB. dorsal hollow nerve tube\nC. closed circulatory system\nD. bony internal skeleton\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic is exclusive to chordates?", "choices": {"text": ["dorsal hollow nerve tube", "closed circulatory system", "digestive tract with two openings", "bony internal skeleton"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic is exclusive to chordates?\nA. dorsal hollow nerve tube\nB. closed circulatory system\nC. digestive tract with two openings\nD. bony internal skeleton\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic is exclusive to chordates?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive tract with two openings", "dorsal hollow nerve tube", "closed circulatory system", "bony internal skeleton"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic is exclusive to chordates?\n1. digestive tract with two openings\n2. dorsal hollow nerve tube\n3. closed circulatory system\n4. bony internal skeleton\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic is exclusive to chordates?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive tract with two openings", "dorsal hollow nerve tube", "closed circulatory system", "bony internal skeleton"], "label": ["F", "H", "K", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic is exclusive to chordates?\nF. digestive tract with two openings\nH. dorsal hollow nerve tube\nK. closed circulatory system\nV. bony internal skeleton\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic is exclusive to chordates?", "choices": {"text": ["dorsal hollow nerve tube", "closed circulatory system", "digestive tract with two openings", "bony internal skeleton"], "label": ["F", "H", "K", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic is exclusive to chordates?\nF. dorsal hollow nerve tube\nH. closed circulatory system\nK. digestive tract with two openings\nV. bony internal skeleton\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2338}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_189018", "question": "Land forms are created through destructive forces such as weathering. Which of these is an example of physical weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["acid rain", "erosion", "hydrolysis", "oxidation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Land forms are created through destructive forces such as weathering. Which of these is an example of physical weathering?\nA. acid rain\nB. erosion\nC. hydrolysis\nD. oxidation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Land forms are created through destructive forces such as weathering. Which of these is an example of physical weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["oxidation", "acid rain", "hydrolysis", "erosion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Land forms are created through destructive forces such as weathering. Which of these is an example of physical weathering?\nA. oxidation\nB. acid rain\nC. hydrolysis\nD. erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Land forms are created through destructive forces such as weathering. Which of these is an example of physical weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["acid rain", "erosion", "hydrolysis", "oxidation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Land forms are created through destructive forces such as weathering. Which of these is an example of physical weathering?\n1. acid rain\n2. erosion\n3. hydrolysis\n4. oxidation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Land forms are created through destructive forces such as weathering. Which of these is an example of physical weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["acid rain", "erosion", "hydrolysis", "oxidation"], "label": ["O", "G", "M", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Land forms are created through destructive forces such as weathering. Which of these is an example of physical weathering?\nO. acid rain\nG. erosion\nM. hydrolysis\nP. oxidation\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Land forms are created through destructive forces such as weathering. Which of these is an example of physical weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["oxidation", "acid rain", "hydrolysis", "erosion"], "label": ["O", "G", "M", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Land forms are created through destructive forces such as weathering. Which of these is an example of physical weathering?\nO. oxidation\nG. acid rain\nM. hydrolysis\nP. erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2339}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405304", "question": "A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "freezing", "melting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?\nA. condensation\nB. evaporation\nC. freezing\nD. melting\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?", "choices": {"text": ["freezing", "melting", "condensation", "evaporation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?\nA. freezing\nB. melting\nC. condensation\nD. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "freezing", "melting"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?\n1. condensation\n2. evaporation\n3. freezing\n4. melting\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "freezing", "melting"], "label": ["A", "N", "X", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?\nA. condensation\nN. evaporation\nX. freezing\nF. melting\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?", "choices": {"text": ["freezing", "melting", "condensation", "evaporation"], "label": ["A", "N", "X", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?\nA. freezing\nN. melting\nX. condensation\nF. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2340}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_5_12", "question": "In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to use as an insulator?", "choices": {"text": ["dried leaves", "foam blocks", "plastic wrap", "rock salt"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to use as an insulator?\nA. dried leaves\nB. foam blocks\nC. plastic wrap\nD. rock salt\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to use as an insulator?", "choices": {"text": ["foam blocks", "dried leaves", "plastic wrap", "rock salt"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to use as an insulator?\nA. foam blocks\nB. dried leaves\nC. plastic wrap\nD. rock salt\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to use as an insulator?", "choices": {"text": ["dried leaves", "foam blocks", "plastic wrap", "rock salt"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to use as an insulator?\n1. dried leaves\n2. foam blocks\n3. plastic wrap\n4. rock salt\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to use as an insulator?", "choices": {"text": ["dried leaves", "foam blocks", "plastic wrap", "rock salt"], "label": ["V", "S", "G", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to use as an insulator?\nV. dried leaves\nS. foam blocks\nG. plastic wrap\nD. rock salt\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to use as an insulator?", "choices": {"text": ["foam blocks", "dried leaves", "plastic wrap", "rock salt"], "label": ["V", "S", "G", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to use as an insulator?\nV. foam blocks\nS. dried leaves\nG. plastic wrap\nD. rock salt\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2341}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_9_16", "question": "Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.", "The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day.", "The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.", "The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?\nA. Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.\nB. The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day.\nC. The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.\nD. The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.", "The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon.", "Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.", "The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?\nA. The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.\nB. The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon.\nC. Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.\nD. The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.", "The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day.", "The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.", "The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?\n1. Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.\n2. The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day.\n3. The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.\n4. The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.", "The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day.", "The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.", "The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon."], "label": ["H", "E", "A", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?\nH. Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.\nE. The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day.\nA. The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.\nO. The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.", "The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon.", "Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.", "The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day."], "label": ["H", "E", "A", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?\nH. The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.\nE. The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon.\nA. Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.\nO. The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2342}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7107363", "question": "A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 grew taller than those that received Fertilizer 2. Which of the following actions would have increased the accuracy of the results of this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["using different growing conditions for a group of the plants", "growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer", "growing different types of plants with each fertilizer", "applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 grew taller than those that received Fertilizer 2. Which of the following actions would have increased the accuracy of the results of this investigation?\nA. using different growing conditions for a group of the plants\nB. growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer\nC. growing different types of plants with each fertilizer\nD. applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 grew taller than those that received Fertilizer 2. Which of the following actions would have increased the accuracy of the results of this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["growing different types of plants with each fertilizer", "applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants", "growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer", "using different growing conditions for a group of the plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 grew taller than those that received Fertilizer 2. Which of the following actions would have increased the accuracy of the results of this investigation?\nA. growing different types of plants with each fertilizer\nB. applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants\nC. growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer\nD. using different growing conditions for a group of the plants\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 grew taller than those that received Fertilizer 2. Which of the following actions would have increased the accuracy of the results of this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["using different growing conditions for a group of the plants", "growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer", "growing different types of plants with each fertilizer", "applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 grew taller than those that received Fertilizer 2. Which of the following actions would have increased the accuracy of the results of this investigation?\n1. using different growing conditions for a group of the plants\n2. growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer\n3. growing different types of plants with each fertilizer\n4. applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 grew taller than those that received Fertilizer 2. Which of the following actions would have increased the accuracy of the results of this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["using different growing conditions for a group of the plants", "growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer", "growing different types of plants with each fertilizer", "applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants"], "label": ["H", "W", "A", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 grew taller than those that received Fertilizer 2. Which of the following actions would have increased the accuracy of the results of this investigation?\nH. using different growing conditions for a group of the plants\nW. growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer\nA. growing different types of plants with each fertilizer\nZ. applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 grew taller than those that received Fertilizer 2. Which of the following actions would have increased the accuracy of the results of this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["growing different types of plants with each fertilizer", "applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants", "growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer", "using different growing conditions for a group of the plants"], "label": ["H", "W", "A", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 grew taller than those that received Fertilizer 2. Which of the following actions would have increased the accuracy of the results of this investigation?\nH. growing different types of plants with each fertilizer\nW. applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants\nA. growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer\nZ. using different growing conditions for a group of the plants\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2343}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7083965", "question": "In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be", "choices": {"text": ["mixed.", "divided.", "bonded.", "dissolved."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be\nA. mixed.\nB. divided.\nC. bonded.\nD. dissolved.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be", "choices": {"text": ["bonded.", "divided.", "dissolved.", "mixed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be\nA. bonded.\nB. divided.\nC. dissolved.\nD. mixed.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be", "choices": {"text": ["mixed.", "divided.", "bonded.", "dissolved."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be\n1. mixed.\n2. divided.\n3. bonded.\n4. dissolved.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be", "choices": {"text": ["mixed.", "divided.", "bonded.", "dissolved."], "label": ["N", "K", "I", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be\nN. mixed.\nK. divided.\nI. bonded.\nB. dissolved.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be", "choices": {"text": ["bonded.", "divided.", "dissolved.", "mixed."], "label": ["N", "K", "I", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to form water, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom must be\nN. bonded.\nK. divided.\nI. dissolved.\nB. mixed.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2344}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416156", "question": "What makes up most of a human skeleton?", "choices": {"text": ["muscle", "bone", "skin", "blood"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What makes up most of a human skeleton?\nA. muscle\nB. bone\nC. skin\nD. blood\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What makes up most of a human skeleton?", "choices": {"text": ["bone", "muscle", "blood", "skin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What makes up most of a human skeleton?\nA. bone\nB. muscle\nC. blood\nD. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What makes up most of a human skeleton?", "choices": {"text": ["muscle", "bone", "skin", "blood"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What makes up most of a human skeleton?\n1. muscle\n2. bone\n3. skin\n4. blood\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What makes up most of a human skeleton?", "choices": {"text": ["muscle", "bone", "skin", "blood"], "label": ["V", "Y", "N", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: What makes up most of a human skeleton?\nV. muscle\nY. bone\nN. skin\nC. blood\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What makes up most of a human skeleton?", "choices": {"text": ["bone", "muscle", "blood", "skin"], "label": ["V", "Y", "N", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: What makes up most of a human skeleton?\nV. bone\nY. muscle\nN. blood\nC. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2345}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7082688", "question": "As water cools to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius and forms ice, water molecules tend to", "choices": {"text": ["move farther apart.", "vibrate rapidly.", "flow more randomly.", "gradually expand."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As water cools to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius and forms ice, water molecules tend to\nA. move farther apart.\nB. vibrate rapidly.\nC. flow more randomly.\nD. gradually expand.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As water cools to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius and forms ice, water molecules tend to", "choices": {"text": ["vibrate rapidly.", "gradually expand.", "flow more randomly.", "move farther apart."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As water cools to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius and forms ice, water molecules tend to\nA. vibrate rapidly.\nB. gradually expand.\nC. flow more randomly.\nD. move farther apart.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As water cools to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius and forms ice, water molecules tend to", "choices": {"text": ["move farther apart.", "vibrate rapidly.", "flow more randomly.", "gradually expand."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As water cools to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius and forms ice, water molecules tend to\n1. move farther apart.\n2. vibrate rapidly.\n3. flow more randomly.\n4. gradually expand.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As water cools to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius and forms ice, water molecules tend to", "choices": {"text": ["move farther apart.", "vibrate rapidly.", "flow more randomly.", "gradually expand."], "label": ["T", "S", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: As water cools to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius and forms ice, water molecules tend to\nT. move farther apart.\nS. vibrate rapidly.\nG. flow more randomly.\nY. gradually expand.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As water cools to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius and forms ice, water molecules tend to", "choices": {"text": ["vibrate rapidly.", "gradually expand.", "flow more randomly.", "move farther apart."], "label": ["T", "S", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: As water cools to a temperature of zero degrees Celsius and forms ice, water molecules tend to\nT. vibrate rapidly.\nS. gradually expand.\nG. flow more randomly.\nY. move farther apart.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2346}
{"arc_id": "CSZ20680", "question": "An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["a planet.", "an asteroid.", "a meteor.", "a comet."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely\nA. a planet.\nB. an asteroid.\nC. a meteor.\nD. a comet.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["an asteroid.", "a comet.", "a planet.", "a meteor."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely\nA. an asteroid.\nB. a comet.\nC. a planet.\nD. a meteor.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["a planet.", "an asteroid.", "a meteor.", "a comet."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely\n1. a planet.\n2. an asteroid.\n3. a meteor.\n4. a comet.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["a planet.", "an asteroid.", "a meteor.", "a comet."], "label": ["K", "F", "O", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely\nK. a planet.\nF. an asteroid.\nO. a meteor.\nU. a comet.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["an asteroid.", "a comet.", "a planet.", "a meteor."], "label": ["K", "F", "O", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object composed mainly of ice is orbiting the Sun in an elliptical path. This object is most likely\nK. an asteroid.\nF. a comet.\nO. a planet.\nU. a meteor.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2347}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7228568", "question": "Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material?", "choices": {"text": ["transcription", "replication", "crossing over", "spindle formation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material?\nA. transcription\nB. replication\nC. crossing over\nD. spindle formation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material?", "choices": {"text": ["spindle formation", "transcription", "replication", "crossing over"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material?\nA. spindle formation\nB. transcription\nC. replication\nD. crossing over\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material?", "choices": {"text": ["transcription", "replication", "crossing over", "spindle formation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material?\n1. transcription\n2. replication\n3. crossing over\n4. spindle formation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material?", "choices": {"text": ["transcription", "replication", "crossing over", "spindle formation"], "label": ["V", "P", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material?\nV. transcription\nP. replication\nT. crossing over\nK. spindle formation\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material?", "choices": {"text": ["spindle formation", "transcription", "replication", "crossing over"], "label": ["V", "P", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process occurs during meiosis that contributes to a germ cell having unique genetic material?\nV. spindle formation\nP. transcription\nT. replication\nK. crossing over\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2348}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7269220", "question": "Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Both are renewable.", "Both are nonrenewable.", "Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.", "Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?\nA. Both are renewable.\nB. Both are nonrenewable.\nC. Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.\nD. Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.", "Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable.", "Both are renewable.", "Both are nonrenewable."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?\nA. Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.\nB. Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable.\nC. Both are renewable.\nD. Both are nonrenewable.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Both are renewable.", "Both are nonrenewable.", "Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.", "Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?\n1. Both are renewable.\n2. Both are nonrenewable.\n3. Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.\n4. Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Both are renewable.", "Both are nonrenewable.", "Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.", "Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable."], "label": ["A", "Z", "M", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?\nA. Both are renewable.\nZ. Both are nonrenewable.\nM. Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.\nR. Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.", "Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable.", "Both are renewable.", "Both are nonrenewable."], "label": ["A", "Z", "M", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?\nA. Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.\nZ. Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable.\nM. Both are renewable.\nR. Both are nonrenewable.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2349}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_4_35", "question": "Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.", "The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.", "Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.", "The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?\nA. Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.\nB. The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.\nC. Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.\nD. The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.", "Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.", "The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.", "The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?\nA. Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.\nB. Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.\nC. The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.\nD. The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.", "The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.", "Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.", "The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?\n1. Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.\n2. The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.\n3. Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.\n4. The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.", "The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.", "Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.", "The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel."], "label": ["Q", "O", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?\nQ. Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.\nO. The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.\nD. Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.\nB. The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.", "Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.", "The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.", "The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel."], "label": ["Q", "O", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?\nQ. Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.\nO. Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.\nD. The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.\nB. The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2350}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2007_5_26", "question": "What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?", "choices": {"text": ["Inner core", "Mantle", "Continental shelf", "Outer core"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?\nA. Inner core\nB. Mantle\nC. Continental shelf\nD. Outer core\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?", "choices": {"text": ["Inner core", "Outer core", "Mantle", "Continental shelf"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?\nA. Inner core\nB. Outer core\nC. Mantle\nD. Continental shelf\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?", "choices": {"text": ["Inner core", "Mantle", "Continental shelf", "Outer core"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?\n1. Inner core\n2. Mantle\n3. Continental shelf\n4. Outer core\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?", "choices": {"text": ["Inner core", "Mantle", "Continental shelf", "Outer core"], "label": ["E", "W", "F", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?\nE. Inner core\nW. Mantle\nF. Continental shelf\nY. Outer core\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?", "choices": {"text": ["Inner core", "Outer core", "Mantle", "Continental shelf"], "label": ["E", "W", "F", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: What layer of Earth is located just below the crust?\nE. Inner core\nW. Outer core\nF. Mantle\nY. Continental shelf\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2351}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_8_pg96", "question": "Which of these daily activities can most directly help reduce air pollution in a city?", "choices": {"text": ["turning down the volume on the television", "using biodegradable materials", "using public transportation instead of driving", "recycling paper"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these daily activities can most directly help reduce air pollution in a city?\nA. turning down the volume on the television\nB. using biodegradable materials\nC. using public transportation instead of driving\nD. recycling paper\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these daily activities can most directly help reduce air pollution in a city?", "choices": {"text": ["using public transportation instead of driving", "using biodegradable materials", "recycling paper", "turning down the volume on the television"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these daily activities can most directly help reduce air pollution in a city?\nA. using public transportation instead of driving\nB. using biodegradable materials\nC. recycling paper\nD. turning down the volume on the television\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these daily activities can most directly help reduce air pollution in a city?", "choices": {"text": ["turning down the volume on the television", "using biodegradable materials", "using public transportation instead of driving", "recycling paper"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these daily activities can most directly help reduce air pollution in a city?\n1. turning down the volume on the television\n2. using biodegradable materials\n3. using public transportation instead of driving\n4. recycling paper\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these daily activities can most directly help reduce air pollution in a city?", "choices": {"text": ["turning down the volume on the television", "using biodegradable materials", "using public transportation instead of driving", "recycling paper"], "label": ["X", "Y", "E", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these daily activities can most directly help reduce air pollution in a city?\nX. turning down the volume on the television\nY. using biodegradable materials\nE. using public transportation instead of driving\nT. recycling paper\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these daily activities can most directly help reduce air pollution in a city?", "choices": {"text": ["using public transportation instead of driving", "using biodegradable materials", "recycling paper", "turning down the volume on the television"], "label": ["X", "Y", "E", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these daily activities can most directly help reduce air pollution in a city?\nX. using public transportation instead of driving\nY. using biodegradable materials\nE. recycling paper\nT. turning down the volume on the television\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2352}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7119805", "question": "Seafloor spreading occurs along certain boundaries in the ocean. Which are most likely to form at the boundary where the seafloor is spreading?", "choices": {"text": ["strike-slip faults", "subduction zones", "mid-ocean ridges", "continental shelves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seafloor spreading occurs along certain boundaries in the ocean. Which are most likely to form at the boundary where the seafloor is spreading?\nA. strike-slip faults\nB. subduction zones\nC. mid-ocean ridges\nD. continental shelves\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Seafloor spreading occurs along certain boundaries in the ocean. Which are most likely to form at the boundary where the seafloor is spreading?", "choices": {"text": ["continental shelves", "subduction zones", "strike-slip faults", "mid-ocean ridges"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seafloor spreading occurs along certain boundaries in the ocean. Which are most likely to form at the boundary where the seafloor is spreading?\nA. continental shelves\nB. subduction zones\nC. strike-slip faults\nD. mid-ocean ridges\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Seafloor spreading occurs along certain boundaries in the ocean. Which are most likely to form at the boundary where the seafloor is spreading?", "choices": {"text": ["strike-slip faults", "subduction zones", "mid-ocean ridges", "continental shelves"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seafloor spreading occurs along certain boundaries in the ocean. Which are most likely to form at the boundary where the seafloor is spreading?\n1. strike-slip faults\n2. subduction zones\n3. mid-ocean ridges\n4. continental shelves\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seafloor spreading occurs along certain boundaries in the ocean. Which are most likely to form at the boundary where the seafloor is spreading?", "choices": {"text": ["strike-slip faults", "subduction zones", "mid-ocean ridges", "continental shelves"], "label": ["C", "Y", "M", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seafloor spreading occurs along certain boundaries in the ocean. Which are most likely to form at the boundary where the seafloor is spreading?\nC. strike-slip faults\nY. subduction zones\nM. mid-ocean ridges\nE. continental shelves\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seafloor spreading occurs along certain boundaries in the ocean. Which are most likely to form at the boundary where the seafloor is spreading?", "choices": {"text": ["continental shelves", "subduction zones", "strike-slip faults", "mid-ocean ridges"], "label": ["C", "Y", "M", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seafloor spreading occurs along certain boundaries in the ocean. Which are most likely to form at the boundary where the seafloor is spreading?\nC. continental shelves\nY. subduction zones\nM. strike-slip faults\nE. mid-ocean ridges\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2353}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402067", "question": "Which method is the best safety procedure when working around open flames?", "choices": {"text": ["wear an acid-resistant apron", "wash your hands", "tie back long hair", "use an electric fan to blow gases from the flame"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which method is the best safety procedure when working around open flames?\nA. wear an acid-resistant apron\nB. wash your hands\nC. tie back long hair\nD. use an electric fan to blow gases from the flame\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which method is the best safety procedure when working around open flames?", "choices": {"text": ["tie back long hair", "wash your hands", "wear an acid-resistant apron", "use an electric fan to blow gases from the flame"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which method is the best safety procedure when working around open flames?\nA. tie back long hair\nB. wash your hands\nC. wear an acid-resistant apron\nD. use an electric fan to blow gases from the flame\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which method is the best safety procedure when working around open flames?", "choices": {"text": ["wear an acid-resistant apron", "wash your hands", "tie back long hair", "use an electric fan to blow gases from the flame"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which method is the best safety procedure when working around open flames?\n1. wear an acid-resistant apron\n2. wash your hands\n3. tie back long hair\n4. use an electric fan to blow gases from the flame\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which method is the best safety procedure when working around open flames?", "choices": {"text": ["wear an acid-resistant apron", "wash your hands", "tie back long hair", "use an electric fan to blow gases from the flame"], "label": ["W", "G", "C", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which method is the best safety procedure when working around open flames?\nW. wear an acid-resistant apron\nG. wash your hands\nC. tie back long hair\nA. use an electric fan to blow gases from the flame\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which method is the best safety procedure when working around open flames?", "choices": {"text": ["tie back long hair", "wash your hands", "wear an acid-resistant apron", "use an electric fan to blow gases from the flame"], "label": ["W", "G", "C", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which method is the best safety procedure when working around open flames?\nW. tie back long hair\nG. wash your hands\nC. wear an acid-resistant apron\nA. use an electric fan to blow gases from the flame\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2354}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_189770", "question": "Why has only one-half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon does not rotate on its axis.", "The Moon is not visible during the day.", "The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation.", "The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why has only one-half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?\nA. The Moon does not rotate on its axis.\nB. The Moon is not visible during the day.\nC. The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation.\nD. The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Why has only one-half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon is not visible during the day.", "The Moon does not rotate on its axis.", "The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth.", "The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why has only one-half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?\nA. The Moon is not visible during the day.\nB. The Moon does not rotate on its axis.\nC. The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth.\nD. The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Why has only one-half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon does not rotate on its axis.", "The Moon is not visible during the day.", "The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation.", "The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why has only one-half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?\n1. The Moon does not rotate on its axis.\n2. The Moon is not visible during the day.\n3. The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation.\n4. The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why has only one-half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon does not rotate on its axis.", "The Moon is not visible during the day.", "The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation.", "The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth."], "label": ["N", "O", "L", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why has only one-half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?\nN. The Moon does not rotate on its axis.\nO. The Moon is not visible during the day.\nL. The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation.\nX. The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why has only one-half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon is not visible during the day.", "The Moon does not rotate on its axis.", "The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth.", "The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation."], "label": ["N", "O", "L", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why has only one-half of the Moon ever been observed from Earth?\nN. The Moon is not visible during the day.\nO. The Moon does not rotate on its axis.\nL. The Moon rotates at the same rate that it revolves around Earth.\nX. The Moon has phases that coincide with its rate of rotation.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2355}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_403016", "question": "What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun's gravity", "the Moon's rotation", "Earth's rotation", "Earth's gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?\nA. the Sun's gravity\nB. the Moon's rotation\nC. Earth's rotation\nD. Earth's gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth's gravity", "Earth's rotation", "the Sun's gravity", "the Moon's rotation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?\nA. Earth's gravity\nB. Earth's rotation\nC. the Sun's gravity\nD. the Moon's rotation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun's gravity", "the Moon's rotation", "Earth's rotation", "Earth's gravity"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?\n1. the Sun's gravity\n2. the Moon's rotation\n3. Earth's rotation\n4. Earth's gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun's gravity", "the Moon's rotation", "Earth's rotation", "Earth's gravity"], "label": ["Q", "T", "P", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?\nQ. the Sun's gravity\nT. the Moon's rotation\nP. Earth's rotation\nK. Earth's gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth's gravity", "Earth's rotation", "the Sun's gravity", "the Moon's rotation"], "label": ["Q", "T", "P", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: What keeps the Moon orbiting Earth?\nQ. Earth's gravity\nT. Earth's rotation\nP. the Sun's gravity\nK. the Moon's rotation\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2356}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7044730", "question": "When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "weight", "friction", "acceleration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?\nA. gravity\nB. weight\nC. friction\nD. acceleration\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "weight", "acceleration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?\nA. friction\nB. gravity\nC. weight\nD. acceleration\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "weight", "friction", "acceleration"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?\n1. gravity\n2. weight\n3. friction\n4. acceleration\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "weight", "friction", "acceleration"], "label": ["S", "H", "O", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?\nS. gravity\nH. weight\nO. friction\nA. acceleration\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "gravity", "weight", "acceleration"], "label": ["S", "H", "O", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: When the roller coaster rolls onto a flat section of track, what force would ultimately bring it to a stop if no other forces are added?\nS. friction\nH. gravity\nO. weight\nA. acceleration\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2357}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7270025", "question": "Which activity would most likely increase water turbidity in a nearby stream?", "choices": {"text": ["rolling steel into thin sheets", "burning coal for electricity", "clear-cutting a forest", "planting a cover crop"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which activity would most likely increase water turbidity in a nearby stream?\nA. rolling steel into thin sheets\nB. burning coal for electricity\nC. clear-cutting a forest\nD. planting a cover crop\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which activity would most likely increase water turbidity in a nearby stream?", "choices": {"text": ["clear-cutting a forest", "rolling steel into thin sheets", "burning coal for electricity", "planting a cover crop"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which activity would most likely increase water turbidity in a nearby stream?\nA. clear-cutting a forest\nB. rolling steel into thin sheets\nC. burning coal for electricity\nD. planting a cover crop\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which activity would most likely increase water turbidity in a nearby stream?", "choices": {"text": ["rolling steel into thin sheets", "burning coal for electricity", "clear-cutting a forest", "planting a cover crop"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which activity would most likely increase water turbidity in a nearby stream?\n1. rolling steel into thin sheets\n2. burning coal for electricity\n3. clear-cutting a forest\n4. planting a cover crop\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which activity would most likely increase water turbidity in a nearby stream?", "choices": {"text": ["rolling steel into thin sheets", "burning coal for electricity", "clear-cutting a forest", "planting a cover crop"], "label": ["O", "X", "T", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which activity would most likely increase water turbidity in a nearby stream?\nO. rolling steel into thin sheets\nX. burning coal for electricity\nT. clear-cutting a forest\nA. planting a cover crop\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which activity would most likely increase water turbidity in a nearby stream?", "choices": {"text": ["clear-cutting a forest", "rolling steel into thin sheets", "burning coal for electricity", "planting a cover crop"], "label": ["O", "X", "T", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which activity would most likely increase water turbidity in a nearby stream?\nO. clear-cutting a forest\nX. rolling steel into thin sheets\nT. burning coal for electricity\nA. planting a cover crop\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2358}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7252683", "question": "Which environmental factor will cause a plant shoot to grow in a direction other than straight up?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature", "amount of top soil", "amount of water", "location of the light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which environmental factor will cause a plant shoot to grow in a direction other than straight up?\nA. temperature\nB. amount of top soil\nC. amount of water\nD. location of the light\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which environmental factor will cause a plant shoot to grow in a direction other than straight up?", "choices": {"text": ["location of the light", "temperature", "amount of top soil", "amount of water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which environmental factor will cause a plant shoot to grow in a direction other than straight up?\nA. location of the light\nB. temperature\nC. amount of top soil\nD. amount of water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which environmental factor will cause a plant shoot to grow in a direction other than straight up?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature", "amount of top soil", "amount of water", "location of the light"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which environmental factor will cause a plant shoot to grow in a direction other than straight up?\n1. temperature\n2. amount of top soil\n3. amount of water\n4. location of the light\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which environmental factor will cause a plant shoot to grow in a direction other than straight up?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature", "amount of top soil", "amount of water", "location of the light"], "label": ["N", "Z", "V", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which environmental factor will cause a plant shoot to grow in a direction other than straight up?\nN. temperature\nZ. amount of top soil\nV. amount of water\nT. location of the light\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which environmental factor will cause a plant shoot to grow in a direction other than straight up?", "choices": {"text": ["location of the light", "temperature", "amount of top soil", "amount of water"], "label": ["N", "Z", "V", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which environmental factor will cause a plant shoot to grow in a direction other than straight up?\nN. location of the light\nZ. temperature\nV. amount of top soil\nT. amount of water\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2359}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7017080", "question": "What property is the same for each atom of an element?", "choices": {"text": ["energy", "mass number", "atomic number", "number of neutrons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What property is the same for each atom of an element?\nA. energy\nB. mass number\nC. atomic number\nD. number of neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What property is the same for each atom of an element?", "choices": {"text": ["mass number", "atomic number", "number of neutrons", "energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What property is the same for each atom of an element?\nA. mass number\nB. atomic number\nC. number of neutrons\nD. energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What property is the same for each atom of an element?", "choices": {"text": ["energy", "mass number", "atomic number", "number of neutrons"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What property is the same for each atom of an element?\n1. energy\n2. mass number\n3. atomic number\n4. number of neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What property is the same for each atom of an element?", "choices": {"text": ["energy", "mass number", "atomic number", "number of neutrons"], "label": ["I", "V", "G", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What property is the same for each atom of an element?\nI. energy\nV. mass number\nG. atomic number\nA. number of neutrons\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What property is the same for each atom of an element?", "choices": {"text": ["mass number", "atomic number", "number of neutrons", "energy"], "label": ["I", "V", "G", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What property is the same for each atom of an element?\nI. mass number\nV. atomic number\nG. number of neutrons\nA. energy\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2360}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_5_17662", "question": "In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?", "choices": {"text": ["Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air.", "Crashing waves spray tiny drops of ocean water into the air.", "Water runoff moves toward the ocean and collects near the shore.", "Rain clouds move in from the ocean and evaporate as they reach the shore."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?\nA. Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air.\nB. Crashing waves spray tiny drops of ocean water into the air.\nC. Water runoff moves toward the ocean and collects near the shore.\nD. Rain clouds move in from the ocean and evaporate as they reach the shore.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?", "choices": {"text": ["Water runoff moves toward the ocean and collects near the shore.", "Rain clouds move in from the ocean and evaporate as they reach the shore.", "Crashing waves spray tiny drops of ocean water into the air.", "Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?\nA. Water runoff moves toward the ocean and collects near the shore.\nB. Rain clouds move in from the ocean and evaporate as they reach the shore.\nC. Crashing waves spray tiny drops of ocean water into the air.\nD. Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?", "choices": {"text": ["Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air.", "Crashing waves spray tiny drops of ocean water into the air.", "Water runoff moves toward the ocean and collects near the shore.", "Rain clouds move in from the ocean and evaporate as they reach the shore."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?\n1. Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air.\n2. Crashing waves spray tiny drops of ocean water into the air.\n3. Water runoff moves toward the ocean and collects near the shore.\n4. Rain clouds move in from the ocean and evaporate as they reach the shore.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?", "choices": {"text": ["Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air.", "Crashing waves spray tiny drops of ocean water into the air.", "Water runoff moves toward the ocean and collects near the shore.", "Rain clouds move in from the ocean and evaporate as they reach the shore."], "label": ["Q", "P", "T", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?\nQ. Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air.\nP. Crashing waves spray tiny drops of ocean water into the air.\nT. Water runoff moves toward the ocean and collects near the shore.\nY. Rain clouds move in from the ocean and evaporate as they reach the shore.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?", "choices": {"text": ["Water runoff moves toward the ocean and collects near the shore.", "Rain clouds move in from the ocean and evaporate as they reach the shore.", "Crashing waves spray tiny drops of ocean water into the air.", "Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air."], "label": ["Q", "P", "T", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a city near the ocean, fog often forms on summer mornings. Which of the following statements best explains how this fog forms?\nQ. Water runoff moves toward the ocean and collects near the shore.\nP. Rain clouds move in from the ocean and evaporate as they reach the shore.\nT. Crashing waves spray tiny drops of ocean water into the air.\nY. Ocean water evaporates and then condenses in the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2361}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7041580", "question": "Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?", "choices": {"text": ["a sandbar", "a sea cliff", "a barrier reef", "a barrier island"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?\nA. a sandbar\nB. a sea cliff\nC. a barrier reef\nD. a barrier island\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?", "choices": {"text": ["a sandbar", "a barrier reef", "a barrier island", "a sea cliff"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?\nA. a sandbar\nB. a barrier reef\nC. a barrier island\nD. a sea cliff\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?", "choices": {"text": ["a sandbar", "a sea cliff", "a barrier reef", "a barrier island"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?\n1. a sandbar\n2. a sea cliff\n3. a barrier reef\n4. a barrier island\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?", "choices": {"text": ["a sandbar", "a sea cliff", "a barrier reef", "a barrier island"], "label": ["X", "L", "H", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?\nX. a sandbar\nL. a sea cliff\nH. a barrier reef\nR. a barrier island\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?", "choices": {"text": ["a sandbar", "a barrier reef", "a barrier island", "a sea cliff"], "label": ["X", "L", "H", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?\nX. a sandbar\nL. a barrier reef\nH. a barrier island\nR. a sea cliff\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2362}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7204050", "question": "Mr. Thompson's class was discussing the topic of convergent boundaries. He asked four students to identify a landform that was formed through the collision of two tectonic plates. Which landform should the students identify as being formed by convergent boundaries?", "choices": {"text": ["North American Continent", "Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "Hawaiian Islands", "Marianas Trench"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mr. Thompson's class was discussing the topic of convergent boundaries. He asked four students to identify a landform that was formed through the collision of two tectonic plates. Which landform should the students identify as being formed by convergent boundaries?\nA. North American Continent\nB. Mid-Atlantic Ridge\nC. Hawaiian Islands\nD. Marianas Trench\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Mr. Thompson's class was discussing the topic of convergent boundaries. He asked four students to identify a landform that was formed through the collision of two tectonic plates. Which landform should the students identify as being formed by convergent boundaries?", "choices": {"text": ["North American Continent", "Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "Marianas Trench", "Hawaiian Islands"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mr. Thompson's class was discussing the topic of convergent boundaries. He asked four students to identify a landform that was formed through the collision of two tectonic plates. Which landform should the students identify as being formed by convergent boundaries?\nA. North American Continent\nB. Mid-Atlantic Ridge\nC. Marianas Trench\nD. Hawaiian Islands\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Mr. Thompson's class was discussing the topic of convergent boundaries. He asked four students to identify a landform that was formed through the collision of two tectonic plates. Which landform should the students identify as being formed by convergent boundaries?", "choices": {"text": ["North American Continent", "Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "Hawaiian Islands", "Marianas Trench"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mr. Thompson's class was discussing the topic of convergent boundaries. He asked four students to identify a landform that was formed through the collision of two tectonic plates. Which landform should the students identify as being formed by convergent boundaries?\n1. North American Continent\n2. Mid-Atlantic Ridge\n3. Hawaiian Islands\n4. Marianas Trench\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Mr. Thompson's class was discussing the topic of convergent boundaries. He asked four students to identify a landform that was formed through the collision of two tectonic plates. Which landform should the students identify as being formed by convergent boundaries?", "choices": {"text": ["North American Continent", "Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "Hawaiian Islands", "Marianas Trench"], "label": ["B", "M", "Y", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mr. Thompson's class was discussing the topic of convergent boundaries. He asked four students to identify a landform that was formed through the collision of two tectonic plates. Which landform should the students identify as being formed by convergent boundaries?\nB. North American Continent\nM. Mid-Atlantic Ridge\nY. Hawaiian Islands\nP. Marianas Trench\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Mr. Thompson's class was discussing the topic of convergent boundaries. He asked four students to identify a landform that was formed through the collision of two tectonic plates. Which landform should the students identify as being formed by convergent boundaries?", "choices": {"text": ["North American Continent", "Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "Marianas Trench", "Hawaiian Islands"], "label": ["B", "M", "Y", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mr. Thompson's class was discussing the topic of convergent boundaries. He asked four students to identify a landform that was formed through the collision of two tectonic plates. Which landform should the students identify as being formed by convergent boundaries?\nB. North American Continent\nM. Mid-Atlantic Ridge\nY. Marianas Trench\nP. Hawaiian Islands\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2363}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7024378", "question": "When finished with a laboratory investigation the last thing a student should do is to", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands.", "tie back long hair.", "clean all glassware.", "turn off Bunsen burner."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When finished with a laboratory investigation the last thing a student should do is to\nA. wash hands.\nB. tie back long hair.\nC. clean all glassware.\nD. turn off Bunsen burner.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When finished with a laboratory investigation the last thing a student should do is to", "choices": {"text": ["tie back long hair.", "turn off Bunsen burner.", "wash hands.", "clean all glassware."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When finished with a laboratory investigation the last thing a student should do is to\nA. tie back long hair.\nB. turn off Bunsen burner.\nC. wash hands.\nD. clean all glassware.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When finished with a laboratory investigation the last thing a student should do is to", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands.", "tie back long hair.", "clean all glassware.", "turn off Bunsen burner."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When finished with a laboratory investigation the last thing a student should do is to\n1. wash hands.\n2. tie back long hair.\n3. clean all glassware.\n4. turn off Bunsen burner.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When finished with a laboratory investigation the last thing a student should do is to", "choices": {"text": ["wash hands.", "tie back long hair.", "clean all glassware.", "turn off Bunsen burner."], "label": ["Q", "K", "C", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: When finished with a laboratory investigation the last thing a student should do is to\nQ. wash hands.\nK. tie back long hair.\nC. clean all glassware.\nG. turn off Bunsen burner.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When finished with a laboratory investigation the last thing a student should do is to", "choices": {"text": ["tie back long hair.", "turn off Bunsen burner.", "wash hands.", "clean all glassware."], "label": ["Q", "K", "C", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: When finished with a laboratory investigation the last thing a student should do is to\nQ. tie back long hair.\nK. turn off Bunsen burner.\nC. wash hands.\nG. clean all glassware.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2364}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7251755", "question": "Nerve impulses are transmitted along structures of a neuron as an action potential. Which part of a neuron receives the stimulation of these impulses?", "choices": {"text": ["myelin sheaths", "dendrites", "nodes of Ranvier", "axons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Nerve impulses are transmitted along structures of a neuron as an action potential. Which part of a neuron receives the stimulation of these impulses?\nA. myelin sheaths\nB. dendrites\nC. nodes of Ranvier\nD. axons\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Nerve impulses are transmitted along structures of a neuron as an action potential. Which part of a neuron receives the stimulation of these impulses?", "choices": {"text": ["myelin sheaths", "nodes of Ranvier", "axons", "dendrites"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Nerve impulses are transmitted along structures of a neuron as an action potential. Which part of a neuron receives the stimulation of these impulses?\nA. myelin sheaths\nB. nodes of Ranvier\nC. axons\nD. dendrites\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Nerve impulses are transmitted along structures of a neuron as an action potential. Which part of a neuron receives the stimulation of these impulses?", "choices": {"text": ["myelin sheaths", "dendrites", "nodes of Ranvier", "axons"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Nerve impulses are transmitted along structures of a neuron as an action potential. Which part of a neuron receives the stimulation of these impulses?\n1. myelin sheaths\n2. dendrites\n3. nodes of Ranvier\n4. axons\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Nerve impulses are transmitted along structures of a neuron as an action potential. Which part of a neuron receives the stimulation of these impulses?", "choices": {"text": ["myelin sheaths", "dendrites", "nodes of Ranvier", "axons"], "label": ["S", "Z", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Nerve impulses are transmitted along structures of a neuron as an action potential. Which part of a neuron receives the stimulation of these impulses?\nS. myelin sheaths\nZ. dendrites\nE. nodes of Ranvier\nV. axons\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Nerve impulses are transmitted along structures of a neuron as an action potential. Which part of a neuron receives the stimulation of these impulses?", "choices": {"text": ["myelin sheaths", "nodes of Ranvier", "axons", "dendrites"], "label": ["S", "Z", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Nerve impulses are transmitted along structures of a neuron as an action potential. Which part of a neuron receives the stimulation of these impulses?\nS. myelin sheaths\nZ. nodes of Ranvier\nE. axons\nV. dendrites\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2365}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10682", "question": "The atmosphere of Earth changed when plant life increased. Before there were plants, the atmosphere contained much less", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen.", "oxygen.", "nitrogen.", "water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atmosphere of Earth changed when plant life increased. Before there were plants, the atmosphere contained much less\nA. hydrogen.\nB. oxygen.\nC. nitrogen.\nD. water.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The atmosphere of Earth changed when plant life increased. Before there were plants, the atmosphere contained much less", "choices": {"text": ["water.", "nitrogen.", "oxygen.", "hydrogen."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atmosphere of Earth changed when plant life increased. Before there were plants, the atmosphere contained much less\nA. water.\nB. nitrogen.\nC. oxygen.\nD. hydrogen.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The atmosphere of Earth changed when plant life increased. Before there were plants, the atmosphere contained much less", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen.", "oxygen.", "nitrogen.", "water."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atmosphere of Earth changed when plant life increased. Before there were plants, the atmosphere contained much less\n1. hydrogen.\n2. oxygen.\n3. nitrogen.\n4. water.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The atmosphere of Earth changed when plant life increased. Before there were plants, the atmosphere contained much less", "choices": {"text": ["hydrogen.", "oxygen.", "nitrogen.", "water."], "label": ["U", "S", "P", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atmosphere of Earth changed when plant life increased. Before there were plants, the atmosphere contained much less\nU. hydrogen.\nS. oxygen.\nP. nitrogen.\nK. water.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The atmosphere of Earth changed when plant life increased. Before there were plants, the atmosphere contained much less", "choices": {"text": ["water.", "nitrogen.", "oxygen.", "hydrogen."], "label": ["U", "S", "P", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atmosphere of Earth changed when plant life increased. Before there were plants, the atmosphere contained much less\nU. water.\nS. nitrogen.\nP. oxygen.\nK. hydrogen.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2366}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_42", "question": "The force of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and their", "choices": {"text": ["buoyancies", "temperatures", "masses", "shapes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and their\nA. buoyancies\nB. temperatures\nC. masses\nD. shapes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The force of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and their", "choices": {"text": ["buoyancies", "masses", "shapes", "temperatures"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and their\nA. buoyancies\nB. masses\nC. shapes\nD. temperatures\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The force of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and their", "choices": {"text": ["buoyancies", "temperatures", "masses", "shapes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and their\n1. buoyancies\n2. temperatures\n3. masses\n4. shapes\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The force of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and their", "choices": {"text": ["buoyancies", "temperatures", "masses", "shapes"], "label": ["I", "E", "J", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and their\nI. buoyancies\nE. temperatures\nJ. masses\nB. shapes\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The force of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and their", "choices": {"text": ["buoyancies", "masses", "shapes", "temperatures"], "label": ["I", "E", "J", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the distance between the objects and their\nI. buoyancies\nE. masses\nJ. shapes\nB. temperatures\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2367}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2011_5_20", "question": "A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?", "choices": {"text": ["This action produces thermal energy through friction.", "This action conducts thermal energy away from the body.", "This action captures thermal energy from the environment.", "This action reduces the amount of thermal energy transferred to the air."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?\nA. This action produces thermal energy through friction.\nB. This action conducts thermal energy away from the body.\nC. This action captures thermal energy from the environment.\nD. This action reduces the amount of thermal energy transferred to the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?", "choices": {"text": ["This action captures thermal energy from the environment.", "This action produces thermal energy through friction.", "This action conducts thermal energy away from the body.", "This action reduces the amount of thermal energy transferred to the air."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?\nA. This action captures thermal energy from the environment.\nB. This action produces thermal energy through friction.\nC. This action conducts thermal energy away from the body.\nD. This action reduces the amount of thermal energy transferred to the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?", "choices": {"text": ["This action produces thermal energy through friction.", "This action conducts thermal energy away from the body.", "This action captures thermal energy from the environment.", "This action reduces the amount of thermal energy transferred to the air."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?\n1. This action produces thermal energy through friction.\n2. This action conducts thermal energy away from the body.\n3. This action captures thermal energy from the environment.\n4. This action reduces the amount of thermal energy transferred to the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?", "choices": {"text": ["This action produces thermal energy through friction.", "This action conducts thermal energy away from the body.", "This action captures thermal energy from the environment.", "This action reduces the amount of thermal energy transferred to the air."], "label": ["J", "D", "L", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?\nJ. This action produces thermal energy through friction.\nD. This action conducts thermal energy away from the body.\nL. This action captures thermal energy from the environment.\nH. This action reduces the amount of thermal energy transferred to the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?", "choices": {"text": ["This action captures thermal energy from the environment.", "This action produces thermal energy through friction.", "This action conducts thermal energy away from the body.", "This action reduces the amount of thermal energy transferred to the air."], "label": ["J", "D", "L", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student stands outside on a cold winter day. His hands become cold and he rubs them together to make them warmer. Which statement explains why rubbing his hands together makes them warmer?\nJ. This action captures thermal energy from the environment.\nD. This action produces thermal energy through friction.\nL. This action conducts thermal energy away from the body.\nH. This action reduces the amount of thermal energy transferred to the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2368}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_24", "question": "Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?", "choices": {"text": ["moist and warm", "moist and cool", "dry and warm", "dry and cool"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?\nA. moist and warm\nB. moist and cool\nC. dry and warm\nD. dry and cool\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?", "choices": {"text": ["dry and cool", "moist and cool", "dry and warm", "moist and warm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?\nA. dry and cool\nB. moist and cool\nC. dry and warm\nD. moist and warm\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?", "choices": {"text": ["moist and warm", "moist and cool", "dry and warm", "dry and cool"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?\n1. moist and warm\n2. moist and cool\n3. dry and warm\n4. dry and cool\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?", "choices": {"text": ["moist and warm", "moist and cool", "dry and warm", "dry and cool"], "label": ["W", "P", "S", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?\nW. moist and warm\nP. moist and cool\nS. dry and warm\nG. dry and cool\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?", "choices": {"text": ["dry and cool", "moist and cool", "dry and warm", "moist and warm"], "label": ["W", "P", "S", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of air mass forms over the ocean near the equator?\nW. dry and cool\nP. moist and cool\nS. dry and warm\nG. moist and warm\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2369}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7084123", "question": "A scientist observes changes in a bee population every day for thirty days. The scientist arranges the data in a pictogram. Which form of data display is most similar to the organization of a pictogram?", "choices": {"text": ["pie chart", "line graph", "bar graph", "data table"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist observes changes in a bee population every day for thirty days. The scientist arranges the data in a pictogram. Which form of data display is most similar to the organization of a pictogram?\nA. pie chart\nB. line graph\nC. bar graph\nD. data table\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist observes changes in a bee population every day for thirty days. The scientist arranges the data in a pictogram. Which form of data display is most similar to the organization of a pictogram?", "choices": {"text": ["pie chart", "bar graph", "line graph", "data table"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist observes changes in a bee population every day for thirty days. The scientist arranges the data in a pictogram. Which form of data display is most similar to the organization of a pictogram?\nA. pie chart\nB. bar graph\nC. line graph\nD. data table\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist observes changes in a bee population every day for thirty days. The scientist arranges the data in a pictogram. Which form of data display is most similar to the organization of a pictogram?", "choices": {"text": ["pie chart", "line graph", "bar graph", "data table"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist observes changes in a bee population every day for thirty days. The scientist arranges the data in a pictogram. Which form of data display is most similar to the organization of a pictogram?\n1. pie chart\n2. line graph\n3. bar graph\n4. data table\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist observes changes in a bee population every day for thirty days. The scientist arranges the data in a pictogram. Which form of data display is most similar to the organization of a pictogram?", "choices": {"text": ["pie chart", "line graph", "bar graph", "data table"], "label": ["H", "Q", "X", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist observes changes in a bee population every day for thirty days. The scientist arranges the data in a pictogram. Which form of data display is most similar to the organization of a pictogram?\nH. pie chart\nQ. line graph\nX. bar graph\nC. data table\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist observes changes in a bee population every day for thirty days. The scientist arranges the data in a pictogram. Which form of data display is most similar to the organization of a pictogram?", "choices": {"text": ["pie chart", "bar graph", "line graph", "data table"], "label": ["H", "Q", "X", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist observes changes in a bee population every day for thirty days. The scientist arranges the data in a pictogram. Which form of data display is most similar to the organization of a pictogram?\nH. pie chart\nQ. bar graph\nX. line graph\nC. data table\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2370}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7038098", "question": "A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?", "choices": {"text": ["a balance", "a ruler", "a microscope", "a graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?\nA. a balance\nB. a ruler\nC. a microscope\nD. a graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?", "choices": {"text": ["a ruler", "a microscope", "a graduated cylinder", "a balance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?\nA. a ruler\nB. a microscope\nC. a graduated cylinder\nD. a balance\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?", "choices": {"text": ["a balance", "a ruler", "a microscope", "a graduated cylinder"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?\n1. a balance\n2. a ruler\n3. a microscope\n4. a graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?", "choices": {"text": ["a balance", "a ruler", "a microscope", "a graduated cylinder"], "label": ["T", "M", "J", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?\nT. a balance\nM. a ruler\nJ. a microscope\nU. a graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?", "choices": {"text": ["a ruler", "a microscope", "a graduated cylinder", "a balance"], "label": ["T", "M", "J", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?\nT. a ruler\nM. a microscope\nJ. a graduated cylinder\nU. a balance\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2371}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2010_4_7", "question": "Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?", "choices": {"text": ["boating", "farming", "hiking", "hunting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?\nA. boating\nB. farming\nC. hiking\nD. hunting\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?", "choices": {"text": ["hiking", "boating", "hunting", "farming"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?\nA. hiking\nB. boating\nC. hunting\nD. farming\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?", "choices": {"text": ["boating", "farming", "hiking", "hunting"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?\n1. boating\n2. farming\n3. hiking\n4. hunting\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?", "choices": {"text": ["boating", "farming", "hiking", "hunting"], "label": ["O", "C", "M", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?\nO. boating\nC. farming\nM. hiking\nQ. hunting\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?", "choices": {"text": ["hiking", "boating", "hunting", "farming"], "label": ["O", "C", "M", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weather patterns sometimes result in drought. Which activity would be most negatively affected during a drought year?\nO. hiking\nC. boating\nM. hunting\nQ. farming\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2372}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7175700", "question": "Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?", "choices": {"text": ["weak trade winds", "cool ocean waters", "low humidity rates", "strong wind shears"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?\nA. weak trade winds\nB. cool ocean waters\nC. low humidity rates\nD. strong wind shears\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?", "choices": {"text": ["cool ocean waters", "weak trade winds", "strong wind shears", "low humidity rates"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?\nA. cool ocean waters\nB. weak trade winds\nC. strong wind shears\nD. low humidity rates\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?", "choices": {"text": ["weak trade winds", "cool ocean waters", "low humidity rates", "strong wind shears"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?\n1. weak trade winds\n2. cool ocean waters\n3. low humidity rates\n4. strong wind shears\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?", "choices": {"text": ["weak trade winds", "cool ocean waters", "low humidity rates", "strong wind shears"], "label": ["M", "D", "F", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?\nM. weak trade winds\nD. cool ocean waters\nF. low humidity rates\nJ. strong wind shears\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?", "choices": {"text": ["cool ocean waters", "weak trade winds", "strong wind shears", "low humidity rates"], "label": ["M", "D", "F", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Hurricane season for the Atlantic Ocean lasts from June to November. Which factor makes an Atlantic hurricane less likely to form during the month of March?\nM. cool ocean waters\nD. weak trade winds\nF. strong wind shears\nJ. low humidity rates\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2373}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7206448", "question": "Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["observing changes in a single trial.", "testing for a desired trait.", "repeating steps in a procedure.", "controlling changes in conditions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as\nA. observing changes in a single trial.\nB. testing for a desired trait.\nC. repeating steps in a procedure.\nD. controlling changes in conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["repeating steps in a procedure.", "controlling changes in conditions.", "observing changes in a single trial.", "testing for a desired trait."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as\nA. repeating steps in a procedure.\nB. controlling changes in conditions.\nC. observing changes in a single trial.\nD. testing for a desired trait.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["observing changes in a single trial.", "testing for a desired trait.", "repeating steps in a procedure.", "controlling changes in conditions."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as\n1. observing changes in a single trial.\n2. testing for a desired trait.\n3. repeating steps in a procedure.\n4. controlling changes in conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["observing changes in a single trial.", "testing for a desired trait.", "repeating steps in a procedure.", "controlling changes in conditions."], "label": ["V", "O", "C", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as\nV. observing changes in a single trial.\nO. testing for a desired trait.\nC. repeating steps in a procedure.\nZ. controlling changes in conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["repeating steps in a procedure.", "controlling changes in conditions.", "observing changes in a single trial.", "testing for a desired trait."], "label": ["V", "O", "C", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as\nV. repeating steps in a procedure.\nO. controlling changes in conditions.\nC. observing changes in a single trial.\nZ. testing for a desired trait.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2374}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7007665", "question": "If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is", "choices": {"text": ["neutral.", "radioactive.", "negatively charged.", "positively charged."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is\nA. neutral.\nB. radioactive.\nC. negatively charged.\nD. positively charged.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is", "choices": {"text": ["negatively charged.", "neutral.", "positively charged.", "radioactive."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is\nA. negatively charged.\nB. neutral.\nC. positively charged.\nD. radioactive.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is", "choices": {"text": ["neutral.", "radioactive.", "negatively charged.", "positively charged."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is\n1. neutral.\n2. radioactive.\n3. negatively charged.\n4. positively charged.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is", "choices": {"text": ["neutral.", "radioactive.", "negatively charged.", "positively charged."], "label": ["V", "T", "W", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is\nV. neutral.\nT. radioactive.\nW. negatively charged.\nO. positively charged.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is", "choices": {"text": ["negatively charged.", "neutral.", "positively charged.", "radioactive."], "label": ["V", "T", "W", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: If an atom has five protons and four electrons, the atom is\nV. negatively charged.\nT. neutral.\nW. positively charged.\nO. radioactive.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2375}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_408929", "question": "There are some towns located in the valley of the Alpine mountains. During part of the year, these towns stay dark all day because the mountains block the Sun. During which season would the Sun be low enough in the sky that the village stays in the shadows?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "spring", "summer", "winter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are some towns located in the valley of the Alpine mountains. During part of the year, these towns stay dark all day because the mountains block the Sun. During which season would the Sun be low enough in the sky that the village stays in the shadows?\nA. fall\nB. spring\nC. summer\nD. winter\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "There are some towns located in the valley of the Alpine mountains. During part of the year, these towns stay dark all day because the mountains block the Sun. During which season would the Sun be low enough in the sky that the village stays in the shadows?", "choices": {"text": ["summer", "fall", "winter", "spring"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are some towns located in the valley of the Alpine mountains. During part of the year, these towns stay dark all day because the mountains block the Sun. During which season would the Sun be low enough in the sky that the village stays in the shadows?\nA. summer\nB. fall\nC. winter\nD. spring\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "There are some towns located in the valley of the Alpine mountains. During part of the year, these towns stay dark all day because the mountains block the Sun. During which season would the Sun be low enough in the sky that the village stays in the shadows?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "spring", "summer", "winter"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are some towns located in the valley of the Alpine mountains. During part of the year, these towns stay dark all day because the mountains block the Sun. During which season would the Sun be low enough in the sky that the village stays in the shadows?\n1. fall\n2. spring\n3. summer\n4. winter\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are some towns located in the valley of the Alpine mountains. During part of the year, these towns stay dark all day because the mountains block the Sun. During which season would the Sun be low enough in the sky that the village stays in the shadows?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "spring", "summer", "winter"], "label": ["Z", "I", "Q", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are some towns located in the valley of the Alpine mountains. During part of the year, these towns stay dark all day because the mountains block the Sun. During which season would the Sun be low enough in the sky that the village stays in the shadows?\nZ. fall\nI. spring\nQ. summer\nW. winter\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are some towns located in the valley of the Alpine mountains. During part of the year, these towns stay dark all day because the mountains block the Sun. During which season would the Sun be low enough in the sky that the village stays in the shadows?", "choices": {"text": ["summer", "fall", "winter", "spring"], "label": ["Z", "I", "Q", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are some towns located in the valley of the Alpine mountains. During part of the year, these towns stay dark all day because the mountains block the Sun. During which season would the Sun be low enough in the sky that the village stays in the shadows?\nZ. summer\nI. fall\nQ. winter\nW. spring\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2376}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7094080", "question": "Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["shifting rock layers", "crashing meteorites", "rotation of the core", "magnetic force"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?\nA. shifting rock layers\nB. crashing meteorites\nC. rotation of the core\nD. magnetic force\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["crashing meteorites", "shifting rock layers", "magnetic force", "rotation of the core"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?\nA. crashing meteorites\nB. shifting rock layers\nC. magnetic force\nD. rotation of the core\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["shifting rock layers", "crashing meteorites", "rotation of the core", "magnetic force"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?\n1. shifting rock layers\n2. crashing meteorites\n3. rotation of the core\n4. magnetic force\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["shifting rock layers", "crashing meteorites", "rotation of the core", "magnetic force"], "label": ["V", "T", "M", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?\nV. shifting rock layers\nT. crashing meteorites\nM. rotation of the core\nK. magnetic force\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?", "choices": {"text": ["crashing meteorites", "shifting rock layers", "magnetic force", "rotation of the core"], "label": ["V", "T", "M", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?\nV. crashing meteorites\nT. shifting rock layers\nM. magnetic force\nK. rotation of the core\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2377}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7068495", "question": "Which best explains the cause of the geysers formed in Yellowstone National Park?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "earthquakes", "volcanic activity", "artesian springs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains the cause of the geysers formed in Yellowstone National Park?\nA. erosion\nB. earthquakes\nC. volcanic activity\nD. artesian springs\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains the cause of the geysers formed in Yellowstone National Park?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "earthquakes", "artesian springs", "volcanic activity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains the cause of the geysers formed in Yellowstone National Park?\nA. erosion\nB. earthquakes\nC. artesian springs\nD. volcanic activity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains the cause of the geysers formed in Yellowstone National Park?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "earthquakes", "volcanic activity", "artesian springs"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains the cause of the geysers formed in Yellowstone National Park?\n1. erosion\n2. earthquakes\n3. volcanic activity\n4. artesian springs\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains the cause of the geysers formed in Yellowstone National Park?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "earthquakes", "volcanic activity", "artesian springs"], "label": ["F", "R", "G", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains the cause of the geysers formed in Yellowstone National Park?\nF. erosion\nR. earthquakes\nG. volcanic activity\nA. artesian springs\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best explains the cause of the geysers formed in Yellowstone National Park?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "earthquakes", "artesian springs", "volcanic activity"], "label": ["F", "R", "G", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best explains the cause of the geysers formed in Yellowstone National Park?\nF. erosion\nR. earthquakes\nG. artesian springs\nA. volcanic activity\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2378}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_4_pg81", "question": "There are different types of desert. What do they all have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["warm winters", "long summers", "low rainfall", "low day and night temperatures"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are different types of desert. What do they all have in common?\nA. warm winters\nB. long summers\nC. low rainfall\nD. low day and night temperatures\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "There are different types of desert. What do they all have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["low rainfall", "long summers", "low day and night temperatures", "warm winters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are different types of desert. What do they all have in common?\nA. low rainfall\nB. long summers\nC. low day and night temperatures\nD. warm winters\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "There are different types of desert. What do they all have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["warm winters", "long summers", "low rainfall", "low day and night temperatures"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are different types of desert. What do they all have in common?\n1. warm winters\n2. long summers\n3. low rainfall\n4. low day and night temperatures\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are different types of desert. What do they all have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["warm winters", "long summers", "low rainfall", "low day and night temperatures"], "label": ["U", "Y", "N", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are different types of desert. What do they all have in common?\nU. warm winters\nY. long summers\nN. low rainfall\nT. low day and night temperatures\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are different types of desert. What do they all have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["low rainfall", "long summers", "low day and night temperatures", "warm winters"], "label": ["U", "Y", "N", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are different types of desert. What do they all have in common?\nU. low rainfall\nY. long summers\nN. low day and night temperatures\nT. warm winters\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2379}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_4_12", "question": "Students are studying liquids that make bubbles. Which question could be answered by using a ruler?", "choices": {"text": ["Which liquid makes bubbles that are the largest?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the prettiest?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the best smelling?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the most interesting?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are studying liquids that make bubbles. Which question could be answered by using a ruler?\nA. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the largest?\nB. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the prettiest?\nC. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the best smelling?\nD. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the most interesting?\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are studying liquids that make bubbles. Which question could be answered by using a ruler?", "choices": {"text": ["Which liquid makes bubbles that are the best smelling?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the largest?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the most interesting?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the prettiest?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are studying liquids that make bubbles. Which question could be answered by using a ruler?\nA. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the best smelling?\nB. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the largest?\nC. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the most interesting?\nD. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the prettiest?\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are studying liquids that make bubbles. Which question could be answered by using a ruler?", "choices": {"text": ["Which liquid makes bubbles that are the largest?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the prettiest?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the best smelling?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the most interesting?"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are studying liquids that make bubbles. Which question could be answered by using a ruler?\n1. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the largest?\n2. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the prettiest?\n3. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the best smelling?\n4. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the most interesting?\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are studying liquids that make bubbles. Which question could be answered by using a ruler?", "choices": {"text": ["Which liquid makes bubbles that are the largest?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the prettiest?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the best smelling?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the most interesting?"], "label": ["M", "U", "O", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are studying liquids that make bubbles. Which question could be answered by using a ruler?\nM. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the largest?\nU. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the prettiest?\nO. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the best smelling?\nV. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the most interesting?\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students are studying liquids that make bubbles. Which question could be answered by using a ruler?", "choices": {"text": ["Which liquid makes bubbles that are the best smelling?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the largest?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the most interesting?", "Which liquid makes bubbles that are the prettiest?"], "label": ["M", "U", "O", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students are studying liquids that make bubbles. Which question could be answered by using a ruler?\nM. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the best smelling?\nU. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the largest?\nO. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the most interesting?\nV. Which liquid makes bubbles that are the prettiest?\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2380}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_4_pg72", "question": "Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?", "choices": {"text": ["to make food", "to disperse seeds", "to fertilize the soil", "to prevent insect damage"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?\nA. to make food\nB. to disperse seeds\nC. to fertilize the soil\nD. to prevent insect damage\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?", "choices": {"text": ["to prevent insect damage", "to disperse seeds", "to fertilize the soil", "to make food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?\nA. to prevent insect damage\nB. to disperse seeds\nC. to fertilize the soil\nD. to make food\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?", "choices": {"text": ["to make food", "to disperse seeds", "to fertilize the soil", "to prevent insect damage"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?\n1. to make food\n2. to disperse seeds\n3. to fertilize the soil\n4. to prevent insect damage\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?", "choices": {"text": ["to make food", "to disperse seeds", "to fertilize the soil", "to prevent insect damage"], "label": ["P", "K", "N", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?\nP. to make food\nK. to disperse seeds\nN. to fertilize the soil\nR. to prevent insect damage\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?", "choices": {"text": ["to prevent insect damage", "to disperse seeds", "to fertilize the soil", "to make food"], "label": ["P", "K", "N", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants use energy directly from the sun. What do they use the energy from the sun for?\nP. to prevent insect damage\nK. to disperse seeds\nN. to fertilize the soil\nR. to make food\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2381}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2011_8_10435", "question": "Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?", "choices": {"text": ["time-lapse photography", "radioactive dating", "electron microscopy", "color staining"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?\nA. time-lapse photography\nB. radioactive dating\nC. electron microscopy\nD. color staining\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?", "choices": {"text": ["color staining", "time-lapse photography", "electron microscopy", "radioactive dating"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?\nA. color staining\nB. time-lapse photography\nC. electron microscopy\nD. radioactive dating\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?", "choices": {"text": ["time-lapse photography", "radioactive dating", "electron microscopy", "color staining"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?\n1. time-lapse photography\n2. radioactive dating\n3. electron microscopy\n4. color staining\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?", "choices": {"text": ["time-lapse photography", "radioactive dating", "electron microscopy", "color staining"], "label": ["D", "C", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?\nD. time-lapse photography\nC. radioactive dating\nX. electron microscopy\nQ. color staining\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?", "choices": {"text": ["color staining", "time-lapse photography", "electron microscopy", "radioactive dating"], "label": ["D", "C", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which technique has helped scientists more accurately determine the age of fossils and draw conclusions about changes in organisms over time?\nD. color staining\nC. time-lapse photography\nX. electron microscopy\nQ. radioactive dating\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2382}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407391", "question": "Which trait do cows and grass have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They both make their own food.", "They both are able to grow.", "They both take in oxygen to survive.", "They both get energy directly from the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait do cows and grass have in common?\nA. They both make their own food.\nB. They both are able to grow.\nC. They both take in oxygen to survive.\nD. They both get energy directly from the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait do cows and grass have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They both get energy directly from the Sun.", "They both take in oxygen to survive.", "They both make their own food.", "They both are able to grow."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait do cows and grass have in common?\nA. They both get energy directly from the Sun.\nB. They both take in oxygen to survive.\nC. They both make their own food.\nD. They both are able to grow.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait do cows and grass have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They both make their own food.", "They both are able to grow.", "They both take in oxygen to survive.", "They both get energy directly from the Sun."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait do cows and grass have in common?\n1. They both make their own food.\n2. They both are able to grow.\n3. They both take in oxygen to survive.\n4. They both get energy directly from the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait do cows and grass have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They both make their own food.", "They both are able to grow.", "They both take in oxygen to survive.", "They both get energy directly from the Sun."], "label": ["W", "K", "D", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait do cows and grass have in common?\nW. They both make their own food.\nK. They both are able to grow.\nD. They both take in oxygen to survive.\nL. They both get energy directly from the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which trait do cows and grass have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They both get energy directly from the Sun.", "They both take in oxygen to survive.", "They both make their own food.", "They both are able to grow."], "label": ["W", "K", "D", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which trait do cows and grass have in common?\nW. They both get energy directly from the Sun.\nK. They both take in oxygen to survive.\nD. They both make their own food.\nL. They both are able to grow.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2383}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401340", "question": "Which is considered a renewable resource?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "coal", "trees", "silver"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is considered a renewable resource?\nA. oil\nB. coal\nC. trees\nD. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is considered a renewable resource?", "choices": {"text": ["trees", "oil", "silver", "coal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is considered a renewable resource?\nA. trees\nB. oil\nC. silver\nD. coal\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is considered a renewable resource?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "coal", "trees", "silver"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is considered a renewable resource?\n1. oil\n2. coal\n3. trees\n4. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is considered a renewable resource?", "choices": {"text": ["oil", "coal", "trees", "silver"], "label": ["S", "W", "P", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is considered a renewable resource?\nS. oil\nW. coal\nP. trees\nZ. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is considered a renewable resource?", "choices": {"text": ["trees", "oil", "silver", "coal"], "label": ["S", "W", "P", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is considered a renewable resource?\nS. trees\nW. oil\nP. silver\nZ. coal\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2384}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_21", "question": "A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy", "chemical energy", "heat energy", "nuclear energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to\nA. mechanical energy\nB. chemical energy\nC. heat energy\nD. nuclear energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy", "mechanical energy", "chemical energy", "heat energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to\nA. nuclear energy\nB. mechanical energy\nC. chemical energy\nD. heat energy\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy", "chemical energy", "heat energy", "nuclear energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to\n1. mechanical energy\n2. chemical energy\n3. heat energy\n4. nuclear energy\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy", "chemical energy", "heat energy", "nuclear energy"], "label": ["A", "Y", "H", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to\nA. mechanical energy\nY. chemical energy\nH. heat energy\nD. nuclear energy\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear energy", "mechanical energy", "chemical energy", "heat energy"], "label": ["A", "Y", "H", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A lamp converts electrical energy to light energy. In addition to the light energy, much of this electrical energy is also converted to\nA. nuclear energy\nY. mechanical energy\nH. chemical energy\nD. heat energy\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2385}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_178728", "question": "When some subatomic particles split from each other, energy is released. What kind of energy is this?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "mechanical", "nuclear"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When some subatomic particles split from each other, energy is released. What kind of energy is this?\nA. chemical\nB. electrical\nC. mechanical\nD. nuclear\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When some subatomic particles split from each other, energy is released. What kind of energy is this?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "nuclear", "mechanical"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When some subatomic particles split from each other, energy is released. What kind of energy is this?\nA. chemical\nB. electrical\nC. nuclear\nD. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When some subatomic particles split from each other, energy is released. What kind of energy is this?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "mechanical", "nuclear"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When some subatomic particles split from each other, energy is released. What kind of energy is this?\n1. chemical\n2. electrical\n3. mechanical\n4. nuclear\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When some subatomic particles split from each other, energy is released. What kind of energy is this?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "mechanical", "nuclear"], "label": ["R", "O", "A", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: When some subatomic particles split from each other, energy is released. What kind of energy is this?\nR. chemical\nO. electrical\nA. mechanical\nJ. nuclear\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When some subatomic particles split from each other, energy is released. What kind of energy is this?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical", "electrical", "nuclear", "mechanical"], "label": ["R", "O", "A", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: When some subatomic particles split from each other, energy is released. What kind of energy is this?\nR. chemical\nO. electrical\nA. nuclear\nJ. mechanical\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2386}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_416365", "question": "For centuries, farmers have been taking cuttings of productive plants and rooting the cuttings to make new plants. Which kind of modern technology uses genetic information most similarly to the cutting and rooting process?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic engineering", "DNA fingerprinting", "cloning of organisms", "antibody therapy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: For centuries, farmers have been taking cuttings of productive plants and rooting the cuttings to make new plants. Which kind of modern technology uses genetic information most similarly to the cutting and rooting process?\nA. genetic engineering\nB. DNA fingerprinting\nC. cloning of organisms\nD. antibody therapy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "For centuries, farmers have been taking cuttings of productive plants and rooting the cuttings to make new plants. Which kind of modern technology uses genetic information most similarly to the cutting and rooting process?", "choices": {"text": ["antibody therapy", "genetic engineering", "DNA fingerprinting", "cloning of organisms"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: For centuries, farmers have been taking cuttings of productive plants and rooting the cuttings to make new plants. Which kind of modern technology uses genetic information most similarly to the cutting and rooting process?\nA. antibody therapy\nB. genetic engineering\nC. DNA fingerprinting\nD. cloning of organisms\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "For centuries, farmers have been taking cuttings of productive plants and rooting the cuttings to make new plants. Which kind of modern technology uses genetic information most similarly to the cutting and rooting process?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic engineering", "DNA fingerprinting", "cloning of organisms", "antibody therapy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: For centuries, farmers have been taking cuttings of productive plants and rooting the cuttings to make new plants. Which kind of modern technology uses genetic information most similarly to the cutting and rooting process?\n1. genetic engineering\n2. DNA fingerprinting\n3. cloning of organisms\n4. antibody therapy\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "For centuries, farmers have been taking cuttings of productive plants and rooting the cuttings to make new plants. Which kind of modern technology uses genetic information most similarly to the cutting and rooting process?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic engineering", "DNA fingerprinting", "cloning of organisms", "antibody therapy"], "label": ["M", "U", "S", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: For centuries, farmers have been taking cuttings of productive plants and rooting the cuttings to make new plants. Which kind of modern technology uses genetic information most similarly to the cutting and rooting process?\nM. genetic engineering\nU. DNA fingerprinting\nS. cloning of organisms\nJ. antibody therapy\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "For centuries, farmers have been taking cuttings of productive plants and rooting the cuttings to make new plants. Which kind of modern technology uses genetic information most similarly to the cutting and rooting process?", "choices": {"text": ["antibody therapy", "genetic engineering", "DNA fingerprinting", "cloning of organisms"], "label": ["M", "U", "S", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: For centuries, farmers have been taking cuttings of productive plants and rooting the cuttings to make new plants. Which kind of modern technology uses genetic information most similarly to the cutting and rooting process?\nM. antibody therapy\nU. genetic engineering\nS. DNA fingerprinting\nJ. cloning of organisms\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2387}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_411424", "question": "Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?", "choices": {"text": ["material of the violin", "vibrations of the string", "movement of the violin", "composition of the string"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?\nA. material of the violin\nB. vibrations of the string\nC. movement of the violin\nD. composition of the string\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?", "choices": {"text": ["composition of the string", "material of the violin", "vibrations of the string", "movement of the violin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?\nA. composition of the string\nB. material of the violin\nC. vibrations of the string\nD. movement of the violin\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?", "choices": {"text": ["material of the violin", "vibrations of the string", "movement of the violin", "composition of the string"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?\n1. material of the violin\n2. vibrations of the string\n3. movement of the violin\n4. composition of the string\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?", "choices": {"text": ["material of the violin", "vibrations of the string", "movement of the violin", "composition of the string"], "label": ["Z", "V", "M", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?\nZ. material of the violin\nV. vibrations of the string\nM. movement of the violin\nN. composition of the string\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?", "choices": {"text": ["composition of the string", "material of the violin", "vibrations of the string", "movement of the violin"], "label": ["Z", "V", "M", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bruce plays his violin every Friday night for the symphony. Before he plays, he plucks each string to see if his violin is in tune. Which is most responsible for the generation of sound waves from his violin?\nZ. composition of the string\nV. material of the violin\nM. vibrations of the string\nN. movement of the violin\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2388}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7015715", "question": "What cycle is most directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?", "choices": {"text": ["rock cycle", "water cycle", "carbon cycle", "nitrogen cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What cycle is most directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?\nA. rock cycle\nB. water cycle\nC. carbon cycle\nD. nitrogen cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What cycle is most directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?", "choices": {"text": ["water cycle", "carbon cycle", "rock cycle", "nitrogen cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What cycle is most directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?\nA. water cycle\nB. carbon cycle\nC. rock cycle\nD. nitrogen cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What cycle is most directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?", "choices": {"text": ["rock cycle", "water cycle", "carbon cycle", "nitrogen cycle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What cycle is most directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?\n1. rock cycle\n2. water cycle\n3. carbon cycle\n4. nitrogen cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What cycle is most directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?", "choices": {"text": ["rock cycle", "water cycle", "carbon cycle", "nitrogen cycle"], "label": ["Q", "X", "M", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What cycle is most directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?\nQ. rock cycle\nX. water cycle\nM. carbon cycle\nH. nitrogen cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What cycle is most directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?", "choices": {"text": ["water cycle", "carbon cycle", "rock cycle", "nitrogen cycle"], "label": ["Q", "X", "M", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What cycle is most directly affected by the combustion of fossil fuels?\nQ. water cycle\nX. carbon cycle\nM. rock cycle\nH. nitrogen cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2389}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7172218", "question": "After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?", "choices": {"text": ["bind glucose molecules to each other", "evaluate the energy content of the glucose", "catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose", "transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?\nA. bind glucose molecules to each other\nB. evaluate the energy content of the glucose\nC. catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose\nD. transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?", "choices": {"text": ["evaluate the energy content of the glucose", "catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose", "bind glucose molecules to each other", "transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?\nA. evaluate the energy content of the glucose\nB. catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose\nC. bind glucose molecules to each other\nD. transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?", "choices": {"text": ["bind glucose molecules to each other", "evaluate the energy content of the glucose", "catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose", "transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?\n1. bind glucose molecules to each other\n2. evaluate the energy content of the glucose\n3. catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose\n4. transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?", "choices": {"text": ["bind glucose molecules to each other", "evaluate the energy content of the glucose", "catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose", "transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus"], "label": ["Q", "Y", "M", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?\nQ. bind glucose molecules to each other\nY. evaluate the energy content of the glucose\nM. catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose\nR. transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?", "choices": {"text": ["evaluate the energy content of the glucose", "catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose", "bind glucose molecules to each other", "transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus"], "label": ["Q", "Y", "M", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: After Audrey drinks a glass of juice, digestive processes deliver glucose to the bloodstream. From the bloodstream, glucose molecules enter the cell. In order for glucose molecules to be used by the cell, glucose-specific enzymes must do what?\nQ. evaluate the energy content of the glucose\nY. catalyze a chemical reaction with the glucose\nM. bind glucose molecules to each other\nR. transport the glucose molecules to the nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2390}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7094185", "question": "What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?", "choices": {"text": ["island arc", "oceanic trench", "rift zone", "folded mountains"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?\nA. island arc\nB. oceanic trench\nC. rift zone\nD. folded mountains\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?", "choices": {"text": ["rift zone", "oceanic trench", "folded mountains", "island arc"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?\nA. rift zone\nB. oceanic trench\nC. folded mountains\nD. island arc\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?", "choices": {"text": ["island arc", "oceanic trench", "rift zone", "folded mountains"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?\n1. island arc\n2. oceanic trench\n3. rift zone\n4. folded mountains\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?", "choices": {"text": ["island arc", "oceanic trench", "rift zone", "folded mountains"], "label": ["B", "I", "E", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?\nB. island arc\nI. oceanic trench\nE. rift zone\nJ. folded mountains\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?", "choices": {"text": ["rift zone", "oceanic trench", "folded mountains", "island arc"], "label": ["B", "I", "E", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?\nB. rift zone\nI. oceanic trench\nE. folded mountains\nJ. island arc\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2391}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7161053", "question": "When electricity is used to run appliances in a building, the electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Which of these units could be used in place of \"kilowatt-hour\"?", "choices": {"text": ["joule", "newton", "specific heat", "thermal expansion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When electricity is used to run appliances in a building, the electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Which of these units could be used in place of \"kilowatt-hour\"?\nA. joule\nB. newton\nC. specific heat\nD. thermal expansion\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When electricity is used to run appliances in a building, the electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Which of these units could be used in place of \"kilowatt-hour\"?", "choices": {"text": ["thermal expansion", "joule", "specific heat", "newton"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When electricity is used to run appliances in a building, the electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Which of these units could be used in place of \"kilowatt-hour\"?\nA. thermal expansion\nB. joule\nC. specific heat\nD. newton\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When electricity is used to run appliances in a building, the electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Which of these units could be used in place of \"kilowatt-hour\"?", "choices": {"text": ["joule", "newton", "specific heat", "thermal expansion"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When electricity is used to run appliances in a building, the electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Which of these units could be used in place of \"kilowatt-hour\"?\n1. joule\n2. newton\n3. specific heat\n4. thermal expansion\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When electricity is used to run appliances in a building, the electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Which of these units could be used in place of \"kilowatt-hour\"?", "choices": {"text": ["joule", "newton", "specific heat", "thermal expansion"], "label": ["X", "F", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: When electricity is used to run appliances in a building, the electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Which of these units could be used in place of \"kilowatt-hour\"?\nX. joule\nF. newton\nP. specific heat\nY. thermal expansion\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When electricity is used to run appliances in a building, the electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Which of these units could be used in place of \"kilowatt-hour\"?", "choices": {"text": ["thermal expansion", "joule", "specific heat", "newton"], "label": ["X", "F", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: When electricity is used to run appliances in a building, the electricity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Which of these units could be used in place of \"kilowatt-hour\"?\nX. thermal expansion\nF. joule\nP. specific heat\nY. newton\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2392}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2002_5_12", "question": "Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["adaptation.", "instinct.", "migration.", "hibernation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of\nA. adaptation.\nB. instinct.\nC. migration.\nD. hibernation.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["instinct.", "migration.", "adaptation.", "hibernation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of\nA. instinct.\nB. migration.\nC. adaptation.\nD. hibernation.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["adaptation.", "instinct.", "migration.", "hibernation."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of\n1. adaptation.\n2. instinct.\n3. migration.\n4. hibernation.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["adaptation.", "instinct.", "migration.", "hibernation."], "label": ["B", "O", "G", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of\nB. adaptation.\nO. instinct.\nG. migration.\nC. hibernation.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["instinct.", "migration.", "adaptation.", "hibernation."], "label": ["B", "O", "G", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Camels have humps on their backs that store fat, allowing them to survive for many days without food. This makes camels well suited to desert life. This characteristic is an example of\nB. instinct.\nO. migration.\nG. adaptation.\nC. hibernation.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2393}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7248378", "question": "Which two protein molecules are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?", "choices": {"text": ["actin and myosin", "collagen and tubulin", "hemoglobin and myoglobin", "amylase and polymerase"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two protein molecules are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?\nA. actin and myosin\nB. collagen and tubulin\nC. hemoglobin and myoglobin\nD. amylase and polymerase\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two protein molecules are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?", "choices": {"text": ["hemoglobin and myoglobin", "collagen and tubulin", "actin and myosin", "amylase and polymerase"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two protein molecules are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?\nA. hemoglobin and myoglobin\nB. collagen and tubulin\nC. actin and myosin\nD. amylase and polymerase\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two protein molecules are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?", "choices": {"text": ["actin and myosin", "collagen and tubulin", "hemoglobin and myoglobin", "amylase and polymerase"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two protein molecules are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?\n1. actin and myosin\n2. collagen and tubulin\n3. hemoglobin and myoglobin\n4. amylase and polymerase\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two protein molecules are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?", "choices": {"text": ["actin and myosin", "collagen and tubulin", "hemoglobin and myoglobin", "amylase and polymerase"], "label": ["G", "U", "Z", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two protein molecules are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?\nG. actin and myosin\nU. collagen and tubulin\nZ. hemoglobin and myoglobin\nS. amylase and polymerase\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two protein molecules are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?", "choices": {"text": ["hemoglobin and myoglobin", "collagen and tubulin", "actin and myosin", "amylase and polymerase"], "label": ["G", "U", "Z", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two protein molecules are essential for muscle contraction and relaxation?\nG. hemoglobin and myoglobin\nU. collagen and tubulin\nZ. actin and myosin\nS. amylase and polymerase\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2394}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7134698", "question": "The atmosphere of Earth blocks many of the Sun's rays. If weather patterns change and more of the Sun's rays penetrate the atmosphere of Earth, which is most likely to increase?", "choices": {"text": ["the number of daylight hours", "the evaporation of oceans", "the length of each season", "the pull of gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atmosphere of Earth blocks many of the Sun's rays. If weather patterns change and more of the Sun's rays penetrate the atmosphere of Earth, which is most likely to increase?\nA. the number of daylight hours\nB. the evaporation of oceans\nC. the length of each season\nD. the pull of gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The atmosphere of Earth blocks many of the Sun's rays. If weather patterns change and more of the Sun's rays penetrate the atmosphere of Earth, which is most likely to increase?", "choices": {"text": ["the length of each season", "the number of daylight hours", "the evaporation of oceans", "the pull of gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atmosphere of Earth blocks many of the Sun's rays. If weather patterns change and more of the Sun's rays penetrate the atmosphere of Earth, which is most likely to increase?\nA. the length of each season\nB. the number of daylight hours\nC. the evaporation of oceans\nD. the pull of gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The atmosphere of Earth blocks many of the Sun's rays. If weather patterns change and more of the Sun's rays penetrate the atmosphere of Earth, which is most likely to increase?", "choices": {"text": ["the number of daylight hours", "the evaporation of oceans", "the length of each season", "the pull of gravity"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atmosphere of Earth blocks many of the Sun's rays. If weather patterns change and more of the Sun's rays penetrate the atmosphere of Earth, which is most likely to increase?\n1. the number of daylight hours\n2. the evaporation of oceans\n3. the length of each season\n4. the pull of gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The atmosphere of Earth blocks many of the Sun's rays. If weather patterns change and more of the Sun's rays penetrate the atmosphere of Earth, which is most likely to increase?", "choices": {"text": ["the number of daylight hours", "the evaporation of oceans", "the length of each season", "the pull of gravity"], "label": ["J", "Y", "A", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atmosphere of Earth blocks many of the Sun's rays. If weather patterns change and more of the Sun's rays penetrate the atmosphere of Earth, which is most likely to increase?\nJ. the number of daylight hours\nY. the evaporation of oceans\nA. the length of each season\nP. the pull of gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The atmosphere of Earth blocks many of the Sun's rays. If weather patterns change and more of the Sun's rays penetrate the atmosphere of Earth, which is most likely to increase?", "choices": {"text": ["the length of each season", "the number of daylight hours", "the evaporation of oceans", "the pull of gravity"], "label": ["J", "Y", "A", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The atmosphere of Earth blocks many of the Sun's rays. If weather patterns change and more of the Sun's rays penetrate the atmosphere of Earth, which is most likely to increase?\nJ. the length of each season\nY. the number of daylight hours\nA. the evaporation of oceans\nP. the pull of gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2395}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7213553", "question": "An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into", "choices": {"text": ["electrical energy and light energy.", "electrical energy and mechanical energy.", "thermal energy and light energy.", "thermal energy and mechanical energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into\nA. electrical energy and light energy.\nB. electrical energy and mechanical energy.\nC. thermal energy and light energy.\nD. thermal energy and mechanical energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into", "choices": {"text": ["electrical energy and mechanical energy.", "thermal energy and mechanical energy.", "electrical energy and light energy.", "thermal energy and light energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into\nA. electrical energy and mechanical energy.\nB. thermal energy and mechanical energy.\nC. electrical energy and light energy.\nD. thermal energy and light energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into", "choices": {"text": ["electrical energy and light energy.", "electrical energy and mechanical energy.", "thermal energy and light energy.", "thermal energy and mechanical energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into\n1. electrical energy and light energy.\n2. electrical energy and mechanical energy.\n3. thermal energy and light energy.\n4. thermal energy and mechanical energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into", "choices": {"text": ["electrical energy and light energy.", "electrical energy and mechanical energy.", "thermal energy and light energy.", "thermal energy and mechanical energy."], "label": ["E", "S", "T", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into\nE. electrical energy and light energy.\nS. electrical energy and mechanical energy.\nT. thermal energy and light energy.\nH. thermal energy and mechanical energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into", "choices": {"text": ["electrical energy and mechanical energy.", "thermal energy and mechanical energy.", "electrical energy and light energy.", "thermal energy and light energy."], "label": ["E", "S", "T", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into\nE. electrical energy and mechanical energy.\nS. thermal energy and mechanical energy.\nT. electrical energy and light energy.\nH. thermal energy and light energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2396}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_5_15", "question": "Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory system", "digestive system", "muscular system", "nervous system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?\nA. circulatory system\nB. digestive system\nC. muscular system\nD. nervous system\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory system", "nervous system", "muscular system", "digestive system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?\nA. circulatory system\nB. nervous system\nC. muscular system\nD. digestive system\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory system", "digestive system", "muscular system", "nervous system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?\n1. circulatory system\n2. digestive system\n3. muscular system\n4. nervous system\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory system", "digestive system", "muscular system", "nervous system"], "label": ["Y", "E", "Q", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?\nY. circulatory system\nE. digestive system\nQ. muscular system\nS. nervous system\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory system", "nervous system", "muscular system", "digestive system"], "label": ["Y", "E", "Q", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system sends electrical signals to all other body systems?\nY. circulatory system\nE. nervous system\nQ. muscular system\nS. digestive system\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2397}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400370", "question": "In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?", "choices": {"text": ["Their seeds are spread around.", "Other predators are scared away.", "Nearby ground becomes compacted.", "Their stems and branches are broken."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?\nA. Their seeds are spread around.\nB. Other predators are scared away.\nC. Nearby ground becomes compacted.\nD. Their stems and branches are broken.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?", "choices": {"text": ["Their stems and branches are broken.", "Nearby ground becomes compacted.", "Their seeds are spread around.", "Other predators are scared away."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?\nA. Their stems and branches are broken.\nB. Nearby ground becomes compacted.\nC. Their seeds are spread around.\nD. Other predators are scared away.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?", "choices": {"text": ["Their seeds are spread around.", "Other predators are scared away.", "Nearby ground becomes compacted.", "Their stems and branches are broken."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?\n1. Their seeds are spread around.\n2. Other predators are scared away.\n3. Nearby ground becomes compacted.\n4. Their stems and branches are broken.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?", "choices": {"text": ["Their seeds are spread around.", "Other predators are scared away.", "Nearby ground becomes compacted.", "Their stems and branches are broken."], "label": ["P", "A", "R", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?\nP. Their seeds are spread around.\nA. Other predators are scared away.\nR. Nearby ground becomes compacted.\nO. Their stems and branches are broken.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?", "choices": {"text": ["Their stems and branches are broken.", "Nearby ground becomes compacted.", "Their seeds are spread around.", "Other predators are scared away."], "label": ["P", "A", "R", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what way do bushes benefit from bears eating their berries?\nP. Their stems and branches are broken.\nA. Nearby ground becomes compacted.\nR. Their seeds are spread around.\nO. Other predators are scared away.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2398}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401137", "question": "In the water cycle, after water has condensed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth in the form of", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation.", "vaporization.", "condensation.", "precipitation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the water cycle, after water has condensed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth in the form of\nA. evaporation.\nB. vaporization.\nC. condensation.\nD. precipitation.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the water cycle, after water has condensed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth in the form of", "choices": {"text": ["vaporization.", "precipitation.", "condensation.", "evaporation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the water cycle, after water has condensed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth in the form of\nA. vaporization.\nB. precipitation.\nC. condensation.\nD. evaporation.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the water cycle, after water has condensed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth in the form of", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation.", "vaporization.", "condensation.", "precipitation."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the water cycle, after water has condensed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth in the form of\n1. evaporation.\n2. vaporization.\n3. condensation.\n4. precipitation.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the water cycle, after water has condensed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth in the form of", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation.", "vaporization.", "condensation.", "precipitation."], "label": ["I", "K", "H", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the water cycle, after water has condensed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth in the form of\nI. evaporation.\nK. vaporization.\nH. condensation.\nV. precipitation.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the water cycle, after water has condensed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth in the form of", "choices": {"text": ["vaporization.", "precipitation.", "condensation.", "evaporation."], "label": ["I", "K", "H", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the water cycle, after water has condensed to form clouds, it falls back to Earth in the form of\nI. vaporization.\nK. precipitation.\nH. condensation.\nV. evaporation.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2399}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7107030", "question": "Which process will directly result in organic matter being added to the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["water freezing in cracks of rocks", "glaciers carving out a valley", "river water eroding the banks of a stream", "bacteria breaking down dead matter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process will directly result in organic matter being added to the soil?\nA. water freezing in cracks of rocks\nB. glaciers carving out a valley\nC. river water eroding the banks of a stream\nD. bacteria breaking down dead matter\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process will directly result in organic matter being added to the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["glaciers carving out a valley", "water freezing in cracks of rocks", "bacteria breaking down dead matter", "river water eroding the banks of a stream"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process will directly result in organic matter being added to the soil?\nA. glaciers carving out a valley\nB. water freezing in cracks of rocks\nC. bacteria breaking down dead matter\nD. river water eroding the banks of a stream\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process will directly result in organic matter being added to the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["water freezing in cracks of rocks", "glaciers carving out a valley", "river water eroding the banks of a stream", "bacteria breaking down dead matter"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process will directly result in organic matter being added to the soil?\n1. water freezing in cracks of rocks\n2. glaciers carving out a valley\n3. river water eroding the banks of a stream\n4. bacteria breaking down dead matter\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process will directly result in organic matter being added to the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["water freezing in cracks of rocks", "glaciers carving out a valley", "river water eroding the banks of a stream", "bacteria breaking down dead matter"], "label": ["Q", "H", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process will directly result in organic matter being added to the soil?\nQ. water freezing in cracks of rocks\nH. glaciers carving out a valley\nB. river water eroding the banks of a stream\nX. bacteria breaking down dead matter\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process will directly result in organic matter being added to the soil?", "choices": {"text": ["glaciers carving out a valley", "water freezing in cracks of rocks", "bacteria breaking down dead matter", "river water eroding the banks of a stream"], "label": ["Q", "H", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process will directly result in organic matter being added to the soil?\nQ. glaciers carving out a valley\nH. water freezing in cracks of rocks\nB. bacteria breaking down dead matter\nX. river water eroding the banks of a stream\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2400}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7018200", "question": "Neutrons are particles of an atom that", "choices": {"text": ["are part of the nucleus.", "are located outside the nucleus.", "have positive charges.", "have negative charges."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neutrons are particles of an atom that\nA. are part of the nucleus.\nB. are located outside the nucleus.\nC. have positive charges.\nD. have negative charges.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Neutrons are particles of an atom that", "choices": {"text": ["have negative charges.", "are located outside the nucleus.", "have positive charges.", "are part of the nucleus."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neutrons are particles of an atom that\nA. have negative charges.\nB. are located outside the nucleus.\nC. have positive charges.\nD. are part of the nucleus.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Neutrons are particles of an atom that", "choices": {"text": ["are part of the nucleus.", "are located outside the nucleus.", "have positive charges.", "have negative charges."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neutrons are particles of an atom that\n1. are part of the nucleus.\n2. are located outside the nucleus.\n3. have positive charges.\n4. have negative charges.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Neutrons are particles of an atom that", "choices": {"text": ["are part of the nucleus.", "are located outside the nucleus.", "have positive charges.", "have negative charges."], "label": ["Q", "O", "C", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neutrons are particles of an atom that\nQ. are part of the nucleus.\nO. are located outside the nucleus.\nC. have positive charges.\nL. have negative charges.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Neutrons are particles of an atom that", "choices": {"text": ["have negative charges.", "are located outside the nucleus.", "have positive charges.", "are part of the nucleus."], "label": ["Q", "O", "C", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neutrons are particles of an atom that\nQ. have negative charges.\nO. are located outside the nucleus.\nC. have positive charges.\nL. are part of the nucleus.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2401}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7092138", "question": "Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form", "choices": {"text": ["ocean ridges.", "ocean trenches.", "non-volcanic islands.", "continental mountains."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form\nA. ocean ridges.\nB. ocean trenches.\nC. non-volcanic islands.\nD. continental mountains.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form", "choices": {"text": ["continental mountains.", "non-volcanic islands.", "ocean ridges.", "ocean trenches."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form\nA. continental mountains.\nB. non-volcanic islands.\nC. ocean ridges.\nD. ocean trenches.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form", "choices": {"text": ["ocean ridges.", "ocean trenches.", "non-volcanic islands.", "continental mountains."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form\n1. ocean ridges.\n2. ocean trenches.\n3. non-volcanic islands.\n4. continental mountains.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form", "choices": {"text": ["ocean ridges.", "ocean trenches.", "non-volcanic islands.", "continental mountains."], "label": ["V", "E", "F", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form\nV. ocean ridges.\nE. ocean trenches.\nF. non-volcanic islands.\nA. continental mountains.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form", "choices": {"text": ["continental mountains.", "non-volcanic islands.", "ocean ridges.", "ocean trenches."], "label": ["V", "E", "F", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form\nV. continental mountains.\nE. non-volcanic islands.\nF. ocean ridges.\nA. ocean trenches.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2402}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7139685", "question": "Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical weathering", "organic decomposition", "abrasion resistance", "heat conduction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?\nA. mechanical weathering\nB. organic decomposition\nC. abrasion resistance\nD. heat conduction\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["organic decomposition", "heat conduction", "mechanical weathering", "abrasion resistance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?\nA. organic decomposition\nB. heat conduction\nC. mechanical weathering\nD. abrasion resistance\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical weathering", "organic decomposition", "abrasion resistance", "heat conduction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?\n1. mechanical weathering\n2. organic decomposition\n3. abrasion resistance\n4. heat conduction\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical weathering", "organic decomposition", "abrasion resistance", "heat conduction"], "label": ["Z", "L", "E", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?\nZ. mechanical weathering\nL. organic decomposition\nE. abrasion resistance\nM. heat conduction\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["organic decomposition", "heat conduction", "mechanical weathering", "abrasion resistance"], "label": ["Z", "L", "E", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?\nZ. organic decomposition\nL. heat conduction\nE. mechanical weathering\nM. abrasion resistance\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2403}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_2", "question": "A major function of a plant's roots is to", "choices": {"text": ["produce flowers", "release oxygen", "transport carbon dioxide", "take in water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A major function of a plant's roots is to\nA. produce flowers\nB. release oxygen\nC. transport carbon dioxide\nD. take in water\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A major function of a plant's roots is to", "choices": {"text": ["produce flowers", "take in water", "release oxygen", "transport carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A major function of a plant's roots is to\nA. produce flowers\nB. take in water\nC. release oxygen\nD. transport carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A major function of a plant's roots is to", "choices": {"text": ["produce flowers", "release oxygen", "transport carbon dioxide", "take in water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A major function of a plant's roots is to\n1. produce flowers\n2. release oxygen\n3. transport carbon dioxide\n4. take in water\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A major function of a plant's roots is to", "choices": {"text": ["produce flowers", "release oxygen", "transport carbon dioxide", "take in water"], "label": ["Y", "K", "R", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: A major function of a plant's roots is to\nY. produce flowers\nK. release oxygen\nR. transport carbon dioxide\nA. take in water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A major function of a plant's roots is to", "choices": {"text": ["produce flowers", "take in water", "release oxygen", "transport carbon dioxide"], "label": ["Y", "K", "R", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: A major function of a plant's roots is to\nY. produce flowers\nK. take in water\nR. release oxygen\nA. transport carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2404}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7233538", "question": "Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet's mass?", "choices": {"text": ["crust", "inner core", "mantle", "outer core"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet's mass?\nA. crust\nB. inner core\nC. mantle\nD. outer core\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet's mass?", "choices": {"text": ["outer core", "mantle", "inner core", "crust"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet's mass?\nA. outer core\nB. mantle\nC. inner core\nD. crust\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet's mass?", "choices": {"text": ["crust", "inner core", "mantle", "outer core"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet's mass?\n1. crust\n2. inner core\n3. mantle\n4. outer core\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet's mass?", "choices": {"text": ["crust", "inner core", "mantle", "outer core"], "label": ["N", "Q", "P", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet's mass?\nN. crust\nQ. inner core\nP. mantle\nL. outer core\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet's mass?", "choices": {"text": ["outer core", "mantle", "inner core", "crust"], "label": ["N", "Q", "P", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which layer of Earth makes up the smallest percentage of the planet's mass?\nN. outer core\nQ. mantle\nP. inner core\nL. crust\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2405}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7236128", "question": "Earth's mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?", "choices": {"text": ["age", "velocity", "viscosity", "density"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?\nA. age\nB. velocity\nC. viscosity\nD. density\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?", "choices": {"text": ["velocity", "density", "viscosity", "age"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?\nA. velocity\nB. density\nC. viscosity\nD. age\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?", "choices": {"text": ["age", "velocity", "viscosity", "density"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?\n1. age\n2. velocity\n3. viscosity\n4. density\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?", "choices": {"text": ["age", "velocity", "viscosity", "density"], "label": ["M", "N", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?\nM. age\nN. velocity\nO. viscosity\nJ. density\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?", "choices": {"text": ["velocity", "density", "viscosity", "age"], "label": ["M", "N", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's mantle, primarily composed of silicate and magnesium oxide rocks, floats on top of the liquid iron and nickel outer core. Which difference between these two layers of Earth resulted in their differentiation?\nM. velocity\nN. density\nO. viscosity\nJ. age\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2406}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_182683", "question": "Edith's checkerspot butterfly is a non-migratory species found in distinct populations from Canada to Mexico. Today, populations in southern regions are declining while new populations push the northern limit further north. This range shift provides evidence for the theory of", "choices": {"text": ["mass extinction.", "global warming.", "gene dominance.", "natural selection."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Edith's checkerspot butterfly is a non-migratory species found in distinct populations from Canada to Mexico. Today, populations in southern regions are declining while new populations push the northern limit further north. This range shift provides evidence for the theory of\nA. mass extinction.\nB. global warming.\nC. gene dominance.\nD. natural selection.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Edith's checkerspot butterfly is a non-migratory species found in distinct populations from Canada to Mexico. Today, populations in southern regions are declining while new populations push the northern limit further north. This range shift provides evidence for the theory of", "choices": {"text": ["global warming.", "mass extinction.", "natural selection.", "gene dominance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Edith's checkerspot butterfly is a non-migratory species found in distinct populations from Canada to Mexico. Today, populations in southern regions are declining while new populations push the northern limit further north. This range shift provides evidence for the theory of\nA. global warming.\nB. mass extinction.\nC. natural selection.\nD. gene dominance.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Edith's checkerspot butterfly is a non-migratory species found in distinct populations from Canada to Mexico. Today, populations in southern regions are declining while new populations push the northern limit further north. This range shift provides evidence for the theory of", "choices": {"text": ["mass extinction.", "global warming.", "gene dominance.", "natural selection."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Edith's checkerspot butterfly is a non-migratory species found in distinct populations from Canada to Mexico. Today, populations in southern regions are declining while new populations push the northern limit further north. This range shift provides evidence for the theory of\n1. mass extinction.\n2. global warming.\n3. gene dominance.\n4. natural selection.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Edith's checkerspot butterfly is a non-migratory species found in distinct populations from Canada to Mexico. Today, populations in southern regions are declining while new populations push the northern limit further north. This range shift provides evidence for the theory of", "choices": {"text": ["mass extinction.", "global warming.", "gene dominance.", "natural selection."], "label": ["Q", "A", "E", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Edith's checkerspot butterfly is a non-migratory species found in distinct populations from Canada to Mexico. Today, populations in southern regions are declining while new populations push the northern limit further north. This range shift provides evidence for the theory of\nQ. mass extinction.\nA. global warming.\nE. gene dominance.\nP. natural selection.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Edith's checkerspot butterfly is a non-migratory species found in distinct populations from Canada to Mexico. Today, populations in southern regions are declining while new populations push the northern limit further north. This range shift provides evidence for the theory of", "choices": {"text": ["global warming.", "mass extinction.", "natural selection.", "gene dominance."], "label": ["Q", "A", "E", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Edith's checkerspot butterfly is a non-migratory species found in distinct populations from Canada to Mexico. Today, populations in southern regions are declining while new populations push the northern limit further north. This range shift provides evidence for the theory of\nQ. global warming.\nA. mass extinction.\nE. natural selection.\nP. gene dominance.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2407}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7216755", "question": "Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which best describes this type of mutation?", "choices": {"text": ["beneficial", "asexual", "harmful", "unicellular"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which best describes this type of mutation?\nA. beneficial\nB. asexual\nC. harmful\nD. unicellular\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which best describes this type of mutation?", "choices": {"text": ["unicellular", "beneficial", "harmful", "asexual"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which best describes this type of mutation?\nA. unicellular\nB. beneficial\nC. harmful\nD. asexual\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which best describes this type of mutation?", "choices": {"text": ["beneficial", "asexual", "harmful", "unicellular"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which best describes this type of mutation?\n1. beneficial\n2. asexual\n3. harmful\n4. unicellular\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which best describes this type of mutation?", "choices": {"text": ["beneficial", "asexual", "harmful", "unicellular"], "label": ["Q", "A", "I", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which best describes this type of mutation?\nQ. beneficial\nA. asexual\nI. harmful\nC. unicellular\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which best describes this type of mutation?", "choices": {"text": ["unicellular", "beneficial", "harmful", "asexual"], "label": ["Q", "A", "I", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some people carry a mutated allele of a particular gene that makes them resistant to HIV infection and AIDS. Which best describes this type of mutation?\nQ. unicellular\nA. beneficial\nI. harmful\nC. asexual\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2408}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7013090", "question": "Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?", "choices": {"text": ["magnesium", "potassium", "aluminum", "calcium"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?\nA. magnesium\nB. potassium\nC. aluminum\nD. calcium\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?", "choices": {"text": ["potassium", "calcium", "aluminum", "magnesium"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?\nA. potassium\nB. calcium\nC. aluminum\nD. magnesium\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?", "choices": {"text": ["magnesium", "potassium", "aluminum", "calcium"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?\n1. magnesium\n2. potassium\n3. aluminum\n4. calcium\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?", "choices": {"text": ["magnesium", "potassium", "aluminum", "calcium"], "label": ["O", "A", "C", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?\nO. magnesium\nA. potassium\nC. aluminum\nN. calcium\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?", "choices": {"text": ["potassium", "calcium", "aluminum", "magnesium"], "label": ["O", "A", "C", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sodium is a metal with one valence electron. Which of these elements has properties similar to sodium?\nO. potassium\nA. calcium\nC. aluminum\nN. magnesium\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2409}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7248273", "question": "Neurons are cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals. From which portion of a cell does a neuron send a signal?", "choices": {"text": ["soma", "axon", "dendrite", "nucleus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neurons are cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals. From which portion of a cell does a neuron send a signal?\nA. soma\nB. axon\nC. dendrite\nD. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Neurons are cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals. From which portion of a cell does a neuron send a signal?", "choices": {"text": ["soma", "nucleus", "dendrite", "axon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neurons are cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals. From which portion of a cell does a neuron send a signal?\nA. soma\nB. nucleus\nC. dendrite\nD. axon\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Neurons are cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals. From which portion of a cell does a neuron send a signal?", "choices": {"text": ["soma", "axon", "dendrite", "nucleus"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neurons are cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals. From which portion of a cell does a neuron send a signal?\n1. soma\n2. axon\n3. dendrite\n4. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Neurons are cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals. From which portion of a cell does a neuron send a signal?", "choices": {"text": ["soma", "axon", "dendrite", "nucleus"], "label": ["U", "M", "Z", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neurons are cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals. From which portion of a cell does a neuron send a signal?\nU. soma\nM. axon\nZ. dendrite\nH. nucleus\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Neurons are cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals. From which portion of a cell does a neuron send a signal?", "choices": {"text": ["soma", "nucleus", "dendrite", "axon"], "label": ["U", "M", "Z", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neurons are cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals. From which portion of a cell does a neuron send a signal?\nU. soma\nM. nucleus\nZ. dendrite\nH. axon\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2410}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7187215", "question": "After fields of crops are harvested, parts of the plants remain on the ground. For many years, farmers have mixed these plant remains into the soil. Which most likely results from this practice?", "choices": {"text": ["More minerals are lost from the field.", "More nutrients in the soil are dissolved.", "The organic matter in the soil increases.", "The number of organisms in the soil decreases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After fields of crops are harvested, parts of the plants remain on the ground. For many years, farmers have mixed these plant remains into the soil. Which most likely results from this practice?\nA. More minerals are lost from the field.\nB. More nutrients in the soil are dissolved.\nC. The organic matter in the soil increases.\nD. The number of organisms in the soil decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After fields of crops are harvested, parts of the plants remain on the ground. For many years, farmers have mixed these plant remains into the soil. Which most likely results from this practice?", "choices": {"text": ["The organic matter in the soil increases.", "More minerals are lost from the field.", "More nutrients in the soil are dissolved.", "The number of organisms in the soil decreases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After fields of crops are harvested, parts of the plants remain on the ground. For many years, farmers have mixed these plant remains into the soil. Which most likely results from this practice?\nA. The organic matter in the soil increases.\nB. More minerals are lost from the field.\nC. More nutrients in the soil are dissolved.\nD. The number of organisms in the soil decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After fields of crops are harvested, parts of the plants remain on the ground. For many years, farmers have mixed these plant remains into the soil. Which most likely results from this practice?", "choices": {"text": ["More minerals are lost from the field.", "More nutrients in the soil are dissolved.", "The organic matter in the soil increases.", "The number of organisms in the soil decreases."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After fields of crops are harvested, parts of the plants remain on the ground. For many years, farmers have mixed these plant remains into the soil. Which most likely results from this practice?\n1. More minerals are lost from the field.\n2. More nutrients in the soil are dissolved.\n3. The organic matter in the soil increases.\n4. The number of organisms in the soil decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After fields of crops are harvested, parts of the plants remain on the ground. For many years, farmers have mixed these plant remains into the soil. Which most likely results from this practice?", "choices": {"text": ["More minerals are lost from the field.", "More nutrients in the soil are dissolved.", "The organic matter in the soil increases.", "The number of organisms in the soil decreases."], "label": ["N", "G", "Q", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: After fields of crops are harvested, parts of the plants remain on the ground. For many years, farmers have mixed these plant remains into the soil. Which most likely results from this practice?\nN. More minerals are lost from the field.\nG. More nutrients in the soil are dissolved.\nQ. The organic matter in the soil increases.\nR. The number of organisms in the soil decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After fields of crops are harvested, parts of the plants remain on the ground. For many years, farmers have mixed these plant remains into the soil. Which most likely results from this practice?", "choices": {"text": ["The organic matter in the soil increases.", "More minerals are lost from the field.", "More nutrients in the soil are dissolved.", "The number of organisms in the soil decreases."], "label": ["N", "G", "Q", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: After fields of crops are harvested, parts of the plants remain on the ground. For many years, farmers have mixed these plant remains into the soil. Which most likely results from this practice?\nN. The organic matter in the soil increases.\nG. More minerals are lost from the field.\nQ. More nutrients in the soil are dissolved.\nR. The number of organisms in the soil decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2411}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7206500", "question": "Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding.", "sexual reproduction.", "crossbreeding.", "learned traits."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of\nA. selective breeding.\nB. sexual reproduction.\nC. crossbreeding.\nD. learned traits.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["crossbreeding.", "sexual reproduction.", "selective breeding.", "learned traits."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of\nA. crossbreeding.\nB. sexual reproduction.\nC. selective breeding.\nD. learned traits.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding.", "sexual reproduction.", "crossbreeding.", "learned traits."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of\n1. selective breeding.\n2. sexual reproduction.\n3. crossbreeding.\n4. learned traits.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding.", "sexual reproduction.", "crossbreeding.", "learned traits."], "label": ["U", "E", "Q", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of\nU. selective breeding.\nE. sexual reproduction.\nQ. crossbreeding.\nY. learned traits.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of", "choices": {"text": ["crossbreeding.", "sexual reproduction.", "selective breeding.", "learned traits."], "label": ["U", "E", "Q", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Dalmatian dogs sometimes become deaf due to a recessive trait they may inherit. For this reason, some Dalmatian owners will not let their dogs have puppies if they are deaf. Allowing only Dalmatians that can hear to produce offspring is an example of\nU. crossbreeding.\nE. sexual reproduction.\nQ. selective breeding.\nY. learned traits.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2412}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7141348", "question": "Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?", "choices": {"text": ["examining the number of plants in a given area", "examining the type of animals that eat the plant", "examining the type of seeds the plant produces", "examining the fossil record of the plant"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?\nA. examining the number of plants in a given area\nB. examining the type of animals that eat the plant\nC. examining the type of seeds the plant produces\nD. examining the fossil record of the plant\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?", "choices": {"text": ["examining the fossil record of the plant", "examining the type of animals that eat the plant", "examining the number of plants in a given area", "examining the type of seeds the plant produces"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?\nA. examining the fossil record of the plant\nB. examining the type of animals that eat the plant\nC. examining the number of plants in a given area\nD. examining the type of seeds the plant produces\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?", "choices": {"text": ["examining the number of plants in a given area", "examining the type of animals that eat the plant", "examining the type of seeds the plant produces", "examining the fossil record of the plant"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?\n1. examining the number of plants in a given area\n2. examining the type of animals that eat the plant\n3. examining the type of seeds the plant produces\n4. examining the fossil record of the plant\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?", "choices": {"text": ["examining the number of plants in a given area", "examining the type of animals that eat the plant", "examining the type of seeds the plant produces", "examining the fossil record of the plant"], "label": ["O", "K", "N", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?\nO. examining the number of plants in a given area\nK. examining the type of animals that eat the plant\nN. examining the type of seeds the plant produces\nX. examining the fossil record of the plant\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?", "choices": {"text": ["examining the fossil record of the plant", "examining the type of animals that eat the plant", "examining the number of plants in a given area", "examining the type of seeds the plant produces"], "label": ["O", "K", "N", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?\nO. examining the fossil record of the plant\nK. examining the type of animals that eat the plant\nN. examining the number of plants in a given area\nX. examining the type of seeds the plant produces\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2413}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7044783", "question": "The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its", "choices": {"text": ["speed.", "amplitude.", "acceleration.", "wavelength."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its\nA. speed.\nB. amplitude.\nC. acceleration.\nD. wavelength.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its", "choices": {"text": ["amplitude.", "wavelength.", "speed.", "acceleration."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its\nA. amplitude.\nB. wavelength.\nC. speed.\nD. acceleration.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its", "choices": {"text": ["speed.", "amplitude.", "acceleration.", "wavelength."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its\n1. speed.\n2. amplitude.\n3. acceleration.\n4. wavelength.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its", "choices": {"text": ["speed.", "amplitude.", "acceleration.", "wavelength."], "label": ["A", "H", "X", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its\nA. speed.\nH. amplitude.\nX. acceleration.\nO. wavelength.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its", "choices": {"text": ["amplitude.", "wavelength.", "speed.", "acceleration."], "label": ["A", "H", "X", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its\nA. amplitude.\nH. wavelength.\nX. speed.\nO. acceleration.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2414}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400002", "question": "A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to", "choices": {"text": ["carry pollen for reproduction.", "make sugars for photosynthesis.", "remove wastes for healthy growth.", "sting herbivores for protection."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to\nA. carry pollen for reproduction.\nB. make sugars for photosynthesis.\nC. remove wastes for healthy growth.\nD. sting herbivores for protection.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to", "choices": {"text": ["remove wastes for healthy growth.", "make sugars for photosynthesis.", "sting herbivores for protection.", "carry pollen for reproduction."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to\nA. remove wastes for healthy growth.\nB. make sugars for photosynthesis.\nC. sting herbivores for protection.\nD. carry pollen for reproduction.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to", "choices": {"text": ["carry pollen for reproduction.", "make sugars for photosynthesis.", "remove wastes for healthy growth.", "sting herbivores for protection."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to\n1. carry pollen for reproduction.\n2. make sugars for photosynthesis.\n3. remove wastes for healthy growth.\n4. sting herbivores for protection.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to", "choices": {"text": ["carry pollen for reproduction.", "make sugars for photosynthesis.", "remove wastes for healthy growth.", "sting herbivores for protection."], "label": ["U", "Y", "C", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to\nU. carry pollen for reproduction.\nY. make sugars for photosynthesis.\nC. remove wastes for healthy growth.\nL. sting herbivores for protection.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to", "choices": {"text": ["remove wastes for healthy growth.", "make sugars for photosynthesis.", "sting herbivores for protection.", "carry pollen for reproduction."], "label": ["U", "Y", "C", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bee depends on certain flowers for food. The flowers depend on the bee to\nU. remove wastes for healthy growth.\nY. make sugars for photosynthesis.\nC. sting herbivores for protection.\nL. carry pollen for reproduction.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2415}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7227973", "question": "Which health issue can be caused directly by a mutation resulting in a continuously growing and dividing cell?", "choices": {"text": ["respiratory inflammation", "cancer", "poor blood circulation", "hypertension"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which health issue can be caused directly by a mutation resulting in a continuously growing and dividing cell?\nA. respiratory inflammation\nB. cancer\nC. poor blood circulation\nD. hypertension\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which health issue can be caused directly by a mutation resulting in a continuously growing and dividing cell?", "choices": {"text": ["hypertension", "respiratory inflammation", "poor blood circulation", "cancer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which health issue can be caused directly by a mutation resulting in a continuously growing and dividing cell?\nA. hypertension\nB. respiratory inflammation\nC. poor blood circulation\nD. cancer\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which health issue can be caused directly by a mutation resulting in a continuously growing and dividing cell?", "choices": {"text": ["respiratory inflammation", "cancer", "poor blood circulation", "hypertension"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which health issue can be caused directly by a mutation resulting in a continuously growing and dividing cell?\n1. respiratory inflammation\n2. cancer\n3. poor blood circulation\n4. hypertension\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which health issue can be caused directly by a mutation resulting in a continuously growing and dividing cell?", "choices": {"text": ["respiratory inflammation", "cancer", "poor blood circulation", "hypertension"], "label": ["F", "D", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which health issue can be caused directly by a mutation resulting in a continuously growing and dividing cell?\nF. respiratory inflammation\nD. cancer\nS. poor blood circulation\nC. hypertension\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which health issue can be caused directly by a mutation resulting in a continuously growing and dividing cell?", "choices": {"text": ["hypertension", "respiratory inflammation", "poor blood circulation", "cancer"], "label": ["F", "D", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which health issue can be caused directly by a mutation resulting in a continuously growing and dividing cell?\nF. hypertension\nD. respiratory inflammation\nS. poor blood circulation\nC. cancer\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2416}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026863", "question": "Which type of light can cause severe eye damage if it is viewed directly?", "choices": {"text": ["an infrared light", "a laser beam", "an incandescent light", "a Bunsen burner flame"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of light can cause severe eye damage if it is viewed directly?\nA. an infrared light\nB. a laser beam\nC. an incandescent light\nD. a Bunsen burner flame\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of light can cause severe eye damage if it is viewed directly?", "choices": {"text": ["a laser beam", "an infrared light", "a Bunsen burner flame", "an incandescent light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of light can cause severe eye damage if it is viewed directly?\nA. a laser beam\nB. an infrared light\nC. a Bunsen burner flame\nD. an incandescent light\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of light can cause severe eye damage if it is viewed directly?", "choices": {"text": ["an infrared light", "a laser beam", "an incandescent light", "a Bunsen burner flame"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of light can cause severe eye damage if it is viewed directly?\n1. an infrared light\n2. a laser beam\n3. an incandescent light\n4. a Bunsen burner flame\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of light can cause severe eye damage if it is viewed directly?", "choices": {"text": ["an infrared light", "a laser beam", "an incandescent light", "a Bunsen burner flame"], "label": ["R", "O", "X", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of light can cause severe eye damage if it is viewed directly?\nR. an infrared light\nO. a laser beam\nX. an incandescent light\nY. a Bunsen burner flame\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of light can cause severe eye damage if it is viewed directly?", "choices": {"text": ["a laser beam", "an infrared light", "a Bunsen burner flame", "an incandescent light"], "label": ["R", "O", "X", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of light can cause severe eye damage if it is viewed directly?\nR. a laser beam\nO. an infrared light\nX. a Bunsen burner flame\nY. an incandescent light\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2417}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7068565", "question": "Which is a mineral that forms through evaporative processes?", "choices": {"text": ["halite", "silver", "gold", "quartz"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a mineral that forms through evaporative processes?\nA. halite\nB. silver\nC. gold\nD. quartz\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a mineral that forms through evaporative processes?", "choices": {"text": ["gold", "quartz", "halite", "silver"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a mineral that forms through evaporative processes?\nA. gold\nB. quartz\nC. halite\nD. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a mineral that forms through evaporative processes?", "choices": {"text": ["halite", "silver", "gold", "quartz"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a mineral that forms through evaporative processes?\n1. halite\n2. silver\n3. gold\n4. quartz\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a mineral that forms through evaporative processes?", "choices": {"text": ["halite", "silver", "gold", "quartz"], "label": ["E", "N", "K", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a mineral that forms through evaporative processes?\nE. halite\nN. silver\nK. gold\nT. quartz\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a mineral that forms through evaporative processes?", "choices": {"text": ["gold", "quartz", "halite", "silver"], "label": ["E", "N", "K", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a mineral that forms through evaporative processes?\nE. gold\nN. quartz\nK. halite\nT. silver\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2418}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_39", "question": "Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "methane", "water vapor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?\nA. oxygen\nB. nitrogen\nC. methane\nD. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?", "choices": {"text": ["water vapor", "oxygen", "nitrogen", "methane"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?\nA. water vapor\nB. oxygen\nC. nitrogen\nD. methane\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "methane", "water vapor"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?\n1. oxygen\n2. nitrogen\n3. methane\n4. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "methane", "water vapor"], "label": ["R", "M", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?\nR. oxygen\nM. nitrogen\nD. methane\nE. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?", "choices": {"text": ["water vapor", "oxygen", "nitrogen", "methane"], "label": ["R", "M", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which atmospheric gas has the greatest effect on the weather conditions associated with an air mass?\nR. water vapor\nM. oxygen\nD. nitrogen\nE. methane\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2419}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415696", "question": "What is an example of a force producing heat?", "choices": {"text": ["an apple falling from a tree branch", "doorbell ringing when a switch is pushed", "a wagon rolling across a yard when pulled", "two sticks getting warm when rubbed together"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is an example of a force producing heat?\nA. an apple falling from a tree branch\nB. doorbell ringing when a switch is pushed\nC. a wagon rolling across a yard when pulled\nD. two sticks getting warm when rubbed together\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is an example of a force producing heat?", "choices": {"text": ["a wagon rolling across a yard when pulled", "doorbell ringing when a switch is pushed", "two sticks getting warm when rubbed together", "an apple falling from a tree branch"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is an example of a force producing heat?\nA. a wagon rolling across a yard when pulled\nB. doorbell ringing when a switch is pushed\nC. two sticks getting warm when rubbed together\nD. an apple falling from a tree branch\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is an example of a force producing heat?", "choices": {"text": ["an apple falling from a tree branch", "doorbell ringing when a switch is pushed", "a wagon rolling across a yard when pulled", "two sticks getting warm when rubbed together"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is an example of a force producing heat?\n1. an apple falling from a tree branch\n2. doorbell ringing when a switch is pushed\n3. a wagon rolling across a yard when pulled\n4. two sticks getting warm when rubbed together\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is an example of a force producing heat?", "choices": {"text": ["an apple falling from a tree branch", "doorbell ringing when a switch is pushed", "a wagon rolling across a yard when pulled", "two sticks getting warm when rubbed together"], "label": ["O", "F", "R", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is an example of a force producing heat?\nO. an apple falling from a tree branch\nF. doorbell ringing when a switch is pushed\nR. a wagon rolling across a yard when pulled\nA. two sticks getting warm when rubbed together\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is an example of a force producing heat?", "choices": {"text": ["a wagon rolling across a yard when pulled", "doorbell ringing when a switch is pushed", "two sticks getting warm when rubbed together", "an apple falling from a tree branch"], "label": ["O", "F", "R", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is an example of a force producing heat?\nO. a wagon rolling across a yard when pulled\nF. doorbell ringing when a switch is pushed\nR. two sticks getting warm when rubbed together\nA. an apple falling from a tree branch\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2420}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7227850", "question": "What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?", "choices": {"text": ["protein shell", "internal protein", "tail sheath", "end plate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?\nA. protein shell\nB. internal protein\nC. tail sheath\nD. end plate\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?", "choices": {"text": ["tail sheath", "protein shell", "internal protein", "end plate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?\nA. tail sheath\nB. protein shell\nC. internal protein\nD. end plate\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?", "choices": {"text": ["protein shell", "internal protein", "tail sheath", "end plate"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?\n1. protein shell\n2. internal protein\n3. tail sheath\n4. end plate\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?", "choices": {"text": ["protein shell", "internal protein", "tail sheath", "end plate"], "label": ["I", "H", "J", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?\nI. protein shell\nH. internal protein\nJ. tail sheath\nB. end plate\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?", "choices": {"text": ["tail sheath", "protein shell", "internal protein", "end plate"], "label": ["I", "H", "J", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: What virus structure is similar in function to a cell membrane?\nI. tail sheath\nH. protein shell\nJ. internal protein\nB. end plate\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2421}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7228515", "question": "What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism's traits?", "choices": {"text": ["the molecular mass", "the sequence of base pairs", "the distribution of electrical charges", "the folded three-dimensional shape"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism's traits?\nA. the molecular mass\nB. the sequence of base pairs\nC. the distribution of electrical charges\nD. the folded three-dimensional shape\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism's traits?", "choices": {"text": ["the molecular mass", "the folded three-dimensional shape", "the sequence of base pairs", "the distribution of electrical charges"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism's traits?\nA. the molecular mass\nB. the folded three-dimensional shape\nC. the sequence of base pairs\nD. the distribution of electrical charges\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism's traits?", "choices": {"text": ["the molecular mass", "the sequence of base pairs", "the distribution of electrical charges", "the folded three-dimensional shape"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism's traits?\n1. the molecular mass\n2. the sequence of base pairs\n3. the distribution of electrical charges\n4. the folded three-dimensional shape\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism's traits?", "choices": {"text": ["the molecular mass", "the sequence of base pairs", "the distribution of electrical charges", "the folded three-dimensional shape"], "label": ["H", "P", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism's traits?\nH. the molecular mass\nP. the sequence of base pairs\nT. the distribution of electrical charges\nW. the folded three-dimensional shape\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism's traits?", "choices": {"text": ["the molecular mass", "the folded three-dimensional shape", "the sequence of base pairs", "the distribution of electrical charges"], "label": ["H", "P", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: What aspect of the DNA molecule encodes hereditary information concerning an organism's traits?\nH. the molecular mass\nP. the folded three-dimensional shape\nT. the sequence of base pairs\nW. the distribution of electrical charges\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2422}
{"arc_id": "AIMS_2008_8_8", "question": "If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?", "choices": {"text": ["Jessica inherited both genes from her father.", "Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.", "Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.", "Jessica inherited one dominant from of the gene from each parent."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?\nA. Jessica inherited both genes from her father.\nB. Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.\nC. Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.\nD. Jessica inherited one dominant from of the gene from each parent.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?", "choices": {"text": ["Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.", "Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.", "Jessica inherited one dominant from of the gene from each parent.", "Jessica inherited both genes from her father."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?\nA. Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.\nB. Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.\nC. Jessica inherited one dominant from of the gene from each parent.\nD. Jessica inherited both genes from her father.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?", "choices": {"text": ["Jessica inherited both genes from her father.", "Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.", "Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.", "Jessica inherited one dominant from of the gene from each parent."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?\n1. Jessica inherited both genes from her father.\n2. Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.\n3. Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.\n4. Jessica inherited one dominant from of the gene from each parent.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?", "choices": {"text": ["Jessica inherited both genes from her father.", "Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.", "Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.", "Jessica inherited one dominant from of the gene from each parent."], "label": ["O", "P", "Y", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?\nO. Jessica inherited both genes from her father.\nP. Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.\nY. Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.\nM. Jessica inherited one dominant from of the gene from each parent.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?", "choices": {"text": ["Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.", "Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.", "Jessica inherited one dominant from of the gene from each parent.", "Jessica inherited both genes from her father."], "label": ["O", "P", "Y", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: If Jessica has light eyes (bb) and both of her parents have dark eyes (Bb), which statement is true?\nO. Jessica inherited one recessive form of the gene from each parents from each parent.\nP. Jessica inherited both genes from her mother.\nY. Jessica inherited one dominant from of the gene from each parent.\nM. Jessica inherited both genes from her father.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2423}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405215", "question": "The fossils of extinct sea animals called trilobites are found in Ohio. This means Ohio was once covered by", "choices": {"text": ["grass.", "water.", "forests.", "mountains."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossils of extinct sea animals called trilobites are found in Ohio. This means Ohio was once covered by\nA. grass.\nB. water.\nC. forests.\nD. mountains.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossils of extinct sea animals called trilobites are found in Ohio. This means Ohio was once covered by", "choices": {"text": ["grass.", "mountains.", "water.", "forests."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossils of extinct sea animals called trilobites are found in Ohio. This means Ohio was once covered by\nA. grass.\nB. mountains.\nC. water.\nD. forests.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossils of extinct sea animals called trilobites are found in Ohio. This means Ohio was once covered by", "choices": {"text": ["grass.", "water.", "forests.", "mountains."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossils of extinct sea animals called trilobites are found in Ohio. This means Ohio was once covered by\n1. grass.\n2. water.\n3. forests.\n4. mountains.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossils of extinct sea animals called trilobites are found in Ohio. This means Ohio was once covered by", "choices": {"text": ["grass.", "water.", "forests.", "mountains."], "label": ["K", "J", "G", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossils of extinct sea animals called trilobites are found in Ohio. This means Ohio was once covered by\nK. grass.\nJ. water.\nG. forests.\nB. mountains.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The fossils of extinct sea animals called trilobites are found in Ohio. This means Ohio was once covered by", "choices": {"text": ["grass.", "mountains.", "water.", "forests."], "label": ["K", "J", "G", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The fossils of extinct sea animals called trilobites are found in Ohio. This means Ohio was once covered by\nK. grass.\nJ. mountains.\nG. water.\nB. forests.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2424}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_8", "question": "A student reaches into a bag of objects. Which property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch?", "choices": {"text": ["color", "odor", "taste", "texture"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student reaches into a bag of objects. Which property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch?\nA. color\nB. odor\nC. taste\nD. texture\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student reaches into a bag of objects. Which property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch?", "choices": {"text": ["taste", "odor", "texture", "color"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student reaches into a bag of objects. Which property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch?\nA. taste\nB. odor\nC. texture\nD. color\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student reaches into a bag of objects. Which property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch?", "choices": {"text": ["color", "odor", "taste", "texture"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student reaches into a bag of objects. Which property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch?\n1. color\n2. odor\n3. taste\n4. texture\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student reaches into a bag of objects. Which property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch?", "choices": {"text": ["color", "odor", "taste", "texture"], "label": ["J", "D", "P", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student reaches into a bag of objects. Which property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch?\nJ. color\nD. odor\nP. taste\nW. texture\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student reaches into a bag of objects. Which property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch?", "choices": {"text": ["taste", "odor", "texture", "color"], "label": ["J", "D", "P", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student reaches into a bag of objects. Which property of the objects can be observed by using only the sense of touch?\nJ. taste\nD. odor\nP. texture\nW. color\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2425}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7013668", "question": "According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?", "choices": {"text": ["lava", "glaciers", "igneous rock", "metamorphic rock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?\nA. lava\nB. glaciers\nC. igneous rock\nD. metamorphic rock\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous rock", "metamorphic rock", "glaciers", "lava"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?\nA. igneous rock\nB. metamorphic rock\nC. glaciers\nD. lava\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?", "choices": {"text": ["lava", "glaciers", "igneous rock", "metamorphic rock"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?\n1. lava\n2. glaciers\n3. igneous rock\n4. metamorphic rock\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?", "choices": {"text": ["lava", "glaciers", "igneous rock", "metamorphic rock"], "label": ["Q", "T", "E", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?\nQ. lava\nT. glaciers\nE. igneous rock\nN. metamorphic rock\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?", "choices": {"text": ["igneous rock", "metamorphic rock", "glaciers", "lava"], "label": ["Q", "T", "E", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed?\nQ. igneous rock\nT. metamorphic rock\nE. glaciers\nN. lava\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2426}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_8_17695", "question": "Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.", "Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide.", "Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.", "Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?\nA. Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.\nB. Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide.\nC. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.\nD. Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide.", "Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.", "Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.", "Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?\nA. Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide.\nB. Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.\nC. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.\nD. Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.", "Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide.", "Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.", "Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?\n1. Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.\n2. Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide.\n3. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.\n4. Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.", "Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide.", "Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.", "Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide."], "label": ["S", "W", "U", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?\nS. Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.\nW. Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide.\nU. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.\nL. Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide.", "Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.", "Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.", "Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide."], "label": ["S", "W", "U", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?\nS. Water and sugar are turned into oxygen and carbon dioxide.\nW. Carbon dioxide and water are turned into sugar and oxygen.\nU. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are turned into water and sugar.\nL. Sugar and oxygen are turned into water and carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2427}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416526", "question": "What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?", "choices": {"text": ["stem", "root", "leaf", "flower"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?\nA. stem\nB. root\nC. leaf\nD. flower\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?", "choices": {"text": ["flower", "leaf", "root", "stem"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?\nA. flower\nB. leaf\nC. root\nD. stem\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?", "choices": {"text": ["stem", "root", "leaf", "flower"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?\n1. stem\n2. root\n3. leaf\n4. flower\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?", "choices": {"text": ["stem", "root", "leaf", "flower"], "label": ["O", "L", "C", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?\nO. stem\nL. root\nC. leaf\nR. flower\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?", "choices": {"text": ["flower", "leaf", "root", "stem"], "label": ["O", "L", "C", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of a plant needs sunlight to do its job?\nO. flower\nL. leaf\nC. root\nR. stem\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2428}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2011_5_3", "question": "To make an electromagnet, a conductor should be coiled around -", "choices": {"text": ["a glass tube", "an iron nail", "a roll of paper", "a wooden stick"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: To make an electromagnet, a conductor should be coiled around -\nA. a glass tube\nB. an iron nail\nC. a roll of paper\nD. a wooden stick\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "To make an electromagnet, a conductor should be coiled around -", "choices": {"text": ["an iron nail", "a roll of paper", "a glass tube", "a wooden stick"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: To make an electromagnet, a conductor should be coiled around -\nA. an iron nail\nB. a roll of paper\nC. a glass tube\nD. a wooden stick\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "To make an electromagnet, a conductor should be coiled around -", "choices": {"text": ["a glass tube", "an iron nail", "a roll of paper", "a wooden stick"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: To make an electromagnet, a conductor should be coiled around -\n1. a glass tube\n2. an iron nail\n3. a roll of paper\n4. a wooden stick\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "To make an electromagnet, a conductor should be coiled around -", "choices": {"text": ["a glass tube", "an iron nail", "a roll of paper", "a wooden stick"], "label": ["A", "Z", "V", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: To make an electromagnet, a conductor should be coiled around -\nA. a glass tube\nZ. an iron nail\nV. a roll of paper\nY. a wooden stick\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "To make an electromagnet, a conductor should be coiled around -", "choices": {"text": ["an iron nail", "a roll of paper", "a glass tube", "a wooden stick"], "label": ["A", "Z", "V", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: To make an electromagnet, a conductor should be coiled around -\nA. an iron nail\nZ. a roll of paper\nV. a glass tube\nY. a wooden stick\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2429}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7100713", "question": "Which two solar system objects have the least amount of distance between them?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun and Mars", "Earth and Jupiter", "the Sun and Earth", "Earth and the Moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two solar system objects have the least amount of distance between them?\nA. the Sun and Mars\nB. Earth and Jupiter\nC. the Sun and Earth\nD. Earth and the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two solar system objects have the least amount of distance between them?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth and the Moon", "the Sun and Mars", "the Sun and Earth", "Earth and Jupiter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two solar system objects have the least amount of distance between them?\nA. Earth and the Moon\nB. the Sun and Mars\nC. the Sun and Earth\nD. Earth and Jupiter\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two solar system objects have the least amount of distance between them?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun and Mars", "Earth and Jupiter", "the Sun and Earth", "Earth and the Moon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two solar system objects have the least amount of distance between them?\n1. the Sun and Mars\n2. Earth and Jupiter\n3. the Sun and Earth\n4. Earth and the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two solar system objects have the least amount of distance between them?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun and Mars", "Earth and Jupiter", "the Sun and Earth", "Earth and the Moon"], "label": ["B", "P", "G", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two solar system objects have the least amount of distance between them?\nB. the Sun and Mars\nP. Earth and Jupiter\nG. the Sun and Earth\nS. Earth and the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which two solar system objects have the least amount of distance between them?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth and the Moon", "the Sun and Mars", "the Sun and Earth", "Earth and Jupiter"], "label": ["B", "P", "G", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which two solar system objects have the least amount of distance between them?\nB. Earth and the Moon\nP. the Sun and Mars\nG. the Sun and Earth\nS. Earth and Jupiter\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2430}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7122553", "question": "Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?", "choices": {"text": ["size", "shape", "color", "brightness"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?\nA. size\nB. shape\nC. color\nD. brightness\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?", "choices": {"text": ["brightness", "size", "shape", "color"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?\nA. brightness\nB. size\nC. shape\nD. color\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?", "choices": {"text": ["size", "shape", "color", "brightness"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?\n1. size\n2. shape\n3. color\n4. brightness\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?", "choices": {"text": ["size", "shape", "color", "brightness"], "label": ["Q", "V", "C", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?\nQ. size\nV. shape\nC. color\nS. brightness\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?", "choices": {"text": ["brightness", "size", "shape", "color"], "label": ["Q", "V", "C", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Just as biologists classify living things, astronomers classify galaxies. What feature is used to classify galaxies?\nQ. brightness\nV. size\nC. shape\nS. color\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2431}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7037590", "question": "Which will most likely cause an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["plates slipping along a fault", "a hurricane hitting a shoreline", "water weathering rocks on the ocean floor", "tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which will most likely cause an earthquake?\nA. plates slipping along a fault\nB. a hurricane hitting a shoreline\nC. water weathering rocks on the ocean floor\nD. tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which will most likely cause an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["a hurricane hitting a shoreline", "tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon", "water weathering rocks on the ocean floor", "plates slipping along a fault"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which will most likely cause an earthquake?\nA. a hurricane hitting a shoreline\nB. tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon\nC. water weathering rocks on the ocean floor\nD. plates slipping along a fault\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which will most likely cause an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["plates slipping along a fault", "a hurricane hitting a shoreline", "water weathering rocks on the ocean floor", "tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which will most likely cause an earthquake?\n1. plates slipping along a fault\n2. a hurricane hitting a shoreline\n3. water weathering rocks on the ocean floor\n4. tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which will most likely cause an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["plates slipping along a fault", "a hurricane hitting a shoreline", "water weathering rocks on the ocean floor", "tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon"], "label": ["Y", "S", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which will most likely cause an earthquake?\nY. plates slipping along a fault\nS. a hurricane hitting a shoreline\nI. water weathering rocks on the ocean floor\nU. tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which will most likely cause an earthquake?", "choices": {"text": ["a hurricane hitting a shoreline", "tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon", "water weathering rocks on the ocean floor", "plates slipping along a fault"], "label": ["Y", "S", "I", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which will most likely cause an earthquake?\nY. a hurricane hitting a shoreline\nS. tidal stresses resulting from the distance between Earth and the Moon\nI. water weathering rocks on the ocean floor\nU. plates slipping along a fault\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2432}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400061", "question": "Over time, coal began to form from", "choices": {"text": ["snow and ice.", "sand and rock.", "many dead plants.", "lots of animal bones."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over time, coal began to form from\nA. snow and ice.\nB. sand and rock.\nC. many dead plants.\nD. lots of animal bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Over time, coal began to form from", "choices": {"text": ["lots of animal bones.", "sand and rock.", "snow and ice.", "many dead plants."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over time, coal began to form from\nA. lots of animal bones.\nB. sand and rock.\nC. snow and ice.\nD. many dead plants.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Over time, coal began to form from", "choices": {"text": ["snow and ice.", "sand and rock.", "many dead plants.", "lots of animal bones."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over time, coal began to form from\n1. snow and ice.\n2. sand and rock.\n3. many dead plants.\n4. lots of animal bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Over time, coal began to form from", "choices": {"text": ["snow and ice.", "sand and rock.", "many dead plants.", "lots of animal bones."], "label": ["G", "T", "Z", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over time, coal began to form from\nG. snow and ice.\nT. sand and rock.\nZ. many dead plants.\nD. lots of animal bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Over time, coal began to form from", "choices": {"text": ["lots of animal bones.", "sand and rock.", "snow and ice.", "many dead plants."], "label": ["G", "T", "Z", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over time, coal began to form from\nG. lots of animal bones.\nT. sand and rock.\nZ. snow and ice.\nD. many dead plants.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2433}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2011_4_8", "question": "Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters", "choices": {"text": ["wind patterns", "air temperatures", "the quality of water", "the amount of precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters\nA. wind patterns\nB. air temperatures\nC. the quality of water\nD. the amount of precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters", "choices": {"text": ["the quality of water", "wind patterns", "air temperatures", "the amount of precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters\nA. the quality of water\nB. wind patterns\nC. air temperatures\nD. the amount of precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters", "choices": {"text": ["wind patterns", "air temperatures", "the quality of water", "the amount of precipitation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters\n1. wind patterns\n2. air temperatures\n3. the quality of water\n4. the amount of precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters", "choices": {"text": ["wind patterns", "air temperatures", "the quality of water", "the amount of precipitation"], "label": ["P", "E", "T", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters\nP. wind patterns\nE. air temperatures\nT. the quality of water\nZ. the amount of precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters", "choices": {"text": ["the quality of water", "wind patterns", "air temperatures", "the amount of precipitation"], "label": ["P", "E", "T", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have monitored the amount of acid rainfall in Frederick County, Maryland, since 1982. Humans in Frederick County are affected by acid rain because acid rain alters\nP. the quality of water\nE. wind patterns\nT. air temperatures\nZ. the amount of precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2434}
{"arc_id": "MEAP_2005_8_43", "question": "Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because", "choices": {"text": ["they have less mass on the moon.", "their density decreases on the moon.", "the moon has less gravity than Earth.", "the moon has less friction than Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because\nA. they have less mass on the moon.\nB. their density decreases on the moon.\nC. the moon has less gravity than Earth.\nD. the moon has less friction than Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because", "choices": {"text": ["their density decreases on the moon.", "they have less mass on the moon.", "the moon has less friction than Earth.", "the moon has less gravity than Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because\nA. their density decreases on the moon.\nB. they have less mass on the moon.\nC. the moon has less friction than Earth.\nD. the moon has less gravity than Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because", "choices": {"text": ["they have less mass on the moon.", "their density decreases on the moon.", "the moon has less gravity than Earth.", "the moon has less friction than Earth."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because\n1. they have less mass on the moon.\n2. their density decreases on the moon.\n3. the moon has less gravity than Earth.\n4. the moon has less friction than Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because", "choices": {"text": ["they have less mass on the moon.", "their density decreases on the moon.", "the moon has less gravity than Earth.", "the moon has less friction than Earth."], "label": ["B", "S", "X", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because\nB. they have less mass on the moon.\nS. their density decreases on the moon.\nX. the moon has less gravity than Earth.\nY. the moon has less friction than Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because", "choices": {"text": ["their density decreases on the moon.", "they have less mass on the moon.", "the moon has less friction than Earth.", "the moon has less gravity than Earth."], "label": ["B", "S", "X", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because\nB. their density decreases on the moon.\nS. they have less mass on the moon.\nX. the moon has less friction than Earth.\nY. the moon has less gravity than Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2435}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_184695", "question": "Which of the following would most likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?", "choices": {"text": ["The deletion of DNA during translation.", "Mutations occurring during the blastula stage.", "DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.", "Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following would most likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?\nA. The deletion of DNA during translation.\nB. Mutations occurring during the blastula stage.\nC. DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.\nD. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following would most likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?", "choices": {"text": ["Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis.", "DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.", "The deletion of DNA during translation.", "Mutations occurring during the blastula stage."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following would most likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?\nA. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis.\nB. DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.\nC. The deletion of DNA during translation.\nD. Mutations occurring during the blastula stage.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following would most likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?", "choices": {"text": ["The deletion of DNA during translation.", "Mutations occurring during the blastula stage.", "DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.", "Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following would most likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?\n1. The deletion of DNA during translation.\n2. Mutations occurring during the blastula stage.\n3. DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.\n4. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following would most likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?", "choices": {"text": ["The deletion of DNA during translation.", "Mutations occurring during the blastula stage.", "DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.", "Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis."], "label": ["N", "T", "X", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following would most likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?\nN. The deletion of DNA during translation.\nT. Mutations occurring during the blastula stage.\nX. DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.\nZ. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following would most likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?", "choices": {"text": ["Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis.", "DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.", "The deletion of DNA during translation.", "Mutations occurring during the blastula stage."], "label": ["N", "T", "X", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following would most likely result in an abnormal chromosome number?\nN. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis.\nT. DNA exposed to radiation after the birth of the organism.\nX. The deletion of DNA during translation.\nZ. Mutations occurring during the blastula stage.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2436}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2011_8_10436", "question": "In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["field mouse, rabbit, pheasant", "gull, tree frog, grasshopper", "coyote, antelope, bison", "squirrel, deer, woodpecker"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?\nA. field mouse, rabbit, pheasant\nB. gull, tree frog, grasshopper\nC. coyote, antelope, bison\nD. squirrel, deer, woodpecker\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["squirrel, deer, woodpecker", "gull, tree frog, grasshopper", "field mouse, rabbit, pheasant", "coyote, antelope, bison"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?\nA. squirrel, deer, woodpecker\nB. gull, tree frog, grasshopper\nC. field mouse, rabbit, pheasant\nD. coyote, antelope, bison\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["field mouse, rabbit, pheasant", "gull, tree frog, grasshopper", "coyote, antelope, bison", "squirrel, deer, woodpecker"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?\n1. field mouse, rabbit, pheasant\n2. gull, tree frog, grasshopper\n3. coyote, antelope, bison\n4. squirrel, deer, woodpecker\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["field mouse, rabbit, pheasant", "gull, tree frog, grasshopper", "coyote, antelope, bison", "squirrel, deer, woodpecker"], "label": ["K", "C", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?\nK. field mouse, rabbit, pheasant\nC. gull, tree frog, grasshopper\nB. coyote, antelope, bison\nX. squirrel, deer, woodpecker\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["squirrel, deer, woodpecker", "gull, tree frog, grasshopper", "field mouse, rabbit, pheasant", "coyote, antelope, bison"], "label": ["K", "C", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?\nK. squirrel, deer, woodpecker\nC. gull, tree frog, grasshopper\nB. field mouse, rabbit, pheasant\nX. coyote, antelope, bison\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2437}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400989", "question": "A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?", "choices": {"text": ["How do rockets move in space?", "What shape is a human skin cell?", "What is on the surface of the Moon?", "How do worms breathe underground?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?\nA. How do rockets move in space?\nB. What shape is a human skin cell?\nC. What is on the surface of the Moon?\nD. How do worms breathe underground?\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?", "choices": {"text": ["How do worms breathe underground?", "What is on the surface of the Moon?", "What shape is a human skin cell?", "How do rockets move in space?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?\nA. How do worms breathe underground?\nB. What is on the surface of the Moon?\nC. What shape is a human skin cell?\nD. How do rockets move in space?\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?", "choices": {"text": ["How do rockets move in space?", "What shape is a human skin cell?", "What is on the surface of the Moon?", "How do worms breathe underground?"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?\n1. How do rockets move in space?\n2. What shape is a human skin cell?\n3. What is on the surface of the Moon?\n4. How do worms breathe underground?\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?", "choices": {"text": ["How do rockets move in space?", "What shape is a human skin cell?", "What is on the surface of the Moon?", "How do worms breathe underground?"], "label": ["R", "L", "G", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?\nR. How do rockets move in space?\nL. What shape is a human skin cell?\nG. What is on the surface of the Moon?\nO. How do worms breathe underground?\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?", "choices": {"text": ["How do worms breathe underground?", "What is on the surface of the Moon?", "What shape is a human skin cell?", "How do rockets move in space?"], "label": ["R", "L", "G", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: A telescope would be most useful in answering which question?\nR. How do worms breathe underground?\nL. What is on the surface of the Moon?\nG. What shape is a human skin cell?\nO. How do rockets move in space?\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2438}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2010_5_39", "question": "The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___.", "choices": {"text": ["kilometers", "meters", "centimeters", "millimeters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___.\nA. kilometers\nB. meters\nC. centimeters\nD. millimeters\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___.", "choices": {"text": ["millimeters", "kilometers", "centimeters", "meters"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___.\nA. millimeters\nB. kilometers\nC. centimeters\nD. meters\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___.", "choices": {"text": ["kilometers", "meters", "centimeters", "millimeters"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___.\n1. kilometers\n2. meters\n3. centimeters\n4. millimeters\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___.", "choices": {"text": ["kilometers", "meters", "centimeters", "millimeters"], "label": ["U", "X", "M", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___.\nU. kilometers\nX. meters\nM. centimeters\nV. millimeters\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___.", "choices": {"text": ["millimeters", "kilometers", "centimeters", "meters"], "label": ["U", "X", "M", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The distance between Richmond and Norfolk is best measured in ___.\nU. millimeters\nX. kilometers\nM. centimeters\nV. meters\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2439}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_5_10", "question": "A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["A trail built by cutting down trees", "A river eroding away the riverbank", "A bird nest made of dead branches", "A group of butterflies landing on flowers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?\nA. A trail built by cutting down trees\nB. A river eroding away the riverbank\nC. A bird nest made of dead branches\nD. A group of butterflies landing on flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["A river eroding away the riverbank", "A bird nest made of dead branches", "A trail built by cutting down trees", "A group of butterflies landing on flowers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?\nA. A river eroding away the riverbank\nB. A bird nest made of dead branches\nC. A trail built by cutting down trees\nD. A group of butterflies landing on flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["A trail built by cutting down trees", "A river eroding away the riverbank", "A bird nest made of dead branches", "A group of butterflies landing on flowers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?\n1. A trail built by cutting down trees\n2. A river eroding away the riverbank\n3. A bird nest made of dead branches\n4. A group of butterflies landing on flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["A trail built by cutting down trees", "A river eroding away the riverbank", "A bird nest made of dead branches", "A group of butterflies landing on flowers"], "label": ["E", "O", "K", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?\nE. A trail built by cutting down trees\nO. A river eroding away the riverbank\nK. A bird nest made of dead branches\nB. A group of butterflies landing on flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["A river eroding away the riverbank", "A bird nest made of dead branches", "A trail built by cutting down trees", "A group of butterflies landing on flowers"], "label": ["E", "O", "K", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?\nE. A river eroding away the riverbank\nO. A bird nest made of dead branches\nK. A trail built by cutting down trees\nB. A group of butterflies landing on flowers\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2440}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405952", "question": "Which plant part absorbs minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["leaf", "root", "fruit", "flower"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which plant part absorbs minerals?\nA. leaf\nB. root\nC. fruit\nD. flower\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which plant part absorbs minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["fruit", "flower", "root", "leaf"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which plant part absorbs minerals?\nA. fruit\nB. flower\nC. root\nD. leaf\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which plant part absorbs minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["leaf", "root", "fruit", "flower"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which plant part absorbs minerals?\n1. leaf\n2. root\n3. fruit\n4. flower\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which plant part absorbs minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["leaf", "root", "fruit", "flower"], "label": ["V", "Y", "J", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which plant part absorbs minerals?\nV. leaf\nY. root\nJ. fruit\nO. flower\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which plant part absorbs minerals?", "choices": {"text": ["fruit", "flower", "root", "leaf"], "label": ["V", "Y", "J", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which plant part absorbs minerals?\nV. fruit\nY. flower\nJ. root\nO. leaf\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2441}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401111", "question": "Which tool would be best to use to record the types of trees found along a riverbank?", "choices": {"text": ["camera", "hand lens", "microscope", "thermometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would be best to use to record the types of trees found along a riverbank?\nA. camera\nB. hand lens\nC. microscope\nD. thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would be best to use to record the types of trees found along a riverbank?", "choices": {"text": ["microscope", "hand lens", "camera", "thermometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would be best to use to record the types of trees found along a riverbank?\nA. microscope\nB. hand lens\nC. camera\nD. thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would be best to use to record the types of trees found along a riverbank?", "choices": {"text": ["camera", "hand lens", "microscope", "thermometer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would be best to use to record the types of trees found along a riverbank?\n1. camera\n2. hand lens\n3. microscope\n4. thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would be best to use to record the types of trees found along a riverbank?", "choices": {"text": ["camera", "hand lens", "microscope", "thermometer"], "label": ["W", "H", "O", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would be best to use to record the types of trees found along a riverbank?\nW. camera\nH. hand lens\nO. microscope\nV. thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would be best to use to record the types of trees found along a riverbank?", "choices": {"text": ["microscope", "hand lens", "camera", "thermometer"], "label": ["W", "H", "O", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would be best to use to record the types of trees found along a riverbank?\nW. microscope\nH. hand lens\nO. camera\nV. thermometer\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2442}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7203245", "question": "On the edge of many deserts, there is a delicate area with abundant vegetation. Sometimes cattle are allowed to graze in these areas. The hooves of the cattle compact the topsoil making it less absorbent. Which environmental concern is most likely to happen at the edge of the desert when cattle graze there?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "nutrient depletion", "atmospheric heating", "groundwater contamination"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On the edge of many deserts, there is a delicate area with abundant vegetation. Sometimes cattle are allowed to graze in these areas. The hooves of the cattle compact the topsoil making it less absorbent. Which environmental concern is most likely to happen at the edge of the desert when cattle graze there?\nA. erosion\nB. nutrient depletion\nC. atmospheric heating\nD. groundwater contamination\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "On the edge of many deserts, there is a delicate area with abundant vegetation. Sometimes cattle are allowed to graze in these areas. The hooves of the cattle compact the topsoil making it less absorbent. Which environmental concern is most likely to happen at the edge of the desert when cattle graze there?", "choices": {"text": ["groundwater contamination", "atmospheric heating", "nutrient depletion", "erosion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: On the edge of many deserts, there is a delicate area with abundant vegetation. Sometimes cattle are allowed to graze in these areas. The hooves of the cattle compact the topsoil making it less absorbent. Which environmental concern is most likely to happen at the edge of the desert when cattle graze there?\nA. groundwater contamination\nB. atmospheric heating\nC. nutrient depletion\nD. erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "On the edge of many deserts, there is a delicate area with abundant vegetation. Sometimes cattle are allowed to graze in these areas. The hooves of the cattle compact the topsoil making it less absorbent. Which environmental concern is most likely to happen at the edge of the desert when cattle graze there?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "nutrient depletion", "atmospheric heating", "groundwater contamination"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: On the edge of many deserts, there is a delicate area with abundant vegetation. Sometimes cattle are allowed to graze in these areas. The hooves of the cattle compact the topsoil making it less absorbent. Which environmental concern is most likely to happen at the edge of the desert when cattle graze there?\n1. erosion\n2. nutrient depletion\n3. atmospheric heating\n4. groundwater contamination\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On the edge of many deserts, there is a delicate area with abundant vegetation. Sometimes cattle are allowed to graze in these areas. The hooves of the cattle compact the topsoil making it less absorbent. Which environmental concern is most likely to happen at the edge of the desert when cattle graze there?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion", "nutrient depletion", "atmospheric heating", "groundwater contamination"], "label": ["K", "S", "A", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: On the edge of many deserts, there is a delicate area with abundant vegetation. Sometimes cattle are allowed to graze in these areas. The hooves of the cattle compact the topsoil making it less absorbent. Which environmental concern is most likely to happen at the edge of the desert when cattle graze there?\nK. erosion\nS. nutrient depletion\nA. atmospheric heating\nQ. groundwater contamination\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "On the edge of many deserts, there is a delicate area with abundant vegetation. Sometimes cattle are allowed to graze in these areas. The hooves of the cattle compact the topsoil making it less absorbent. Which environmental concern is most likely to happen at the edge of the desert when cattle graze there?", "choices": {"text": ["groundwater contamination", "atmospheric heating", "nutrient depletion", "erosion"], "label": ["K", "S", "A", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: On the edge of many deserts, there is a delicate area with abundant vegetation. Sometimes cattle are allowed to graze in these areas. The hooves of the cattle compact the topsoil making it less absorbent. Which environmental concern is most likely to happen at the edge of the desert when cattle graze there?\nK. groundwater contamination\nS. atmospheric heating\nA. nutrient depletion\nQ. erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2443}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7042858", "question": "How do toxic heavy metals move from soil to lakes and streams?", "choices": {"text": ["runoff", "condensation", "precipitation", "transpiration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do toxic heavy metals move from soil to lakes and streams?\nA. runoff\nB. condensation\nC. precipitation\nD. transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How do toxic heavy metals move from soil to lakes and streams?", "choices": {"text": ["transpiration", "runoff", "precipitation", "condensation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do toxic heavy metals move from soil to lakes and streams?\nA. transpiration\nB. runoff\nC. precipitation\nD. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How do toxic heavy metals move from soil to lakes and streams?", "choices": {"text": ["runoff", "condensation", "precipitation", "transpiration"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do toxic heavy metals move from soil to lakes and streams?\n1. runoff\n2. condensation\n3. precipitation\n4. transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do toxic heavy metals move from soil to lakes and streams?", "choices": {"text": ["runoff", "condensation", "precipitation", "transpiration"], "label": ["S", "R", "F", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do toxic heavy metals move from soil to lakes and streams?\nS. runoff\nR. condensation\nF. precipitation\nM. transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do toxic heavy metals move from soil to lakes and streams?", "choices": {"text": ["transpiration", "runoff", "precipitation", "condensation"], "label": ["S", "R", "F", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do toxic heavy metals move from soil to lakes and streams?\nS. transpiration\nR. runoff\nF. precipitation\nM. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2444}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415418", "question": "What happens when the Sun's energy warms ocean water?", "choices": {"text": ["The water collects.", "The water evaporates.", "The water condenses.", "The water precipitates."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens when the Sun's energy warms ocean water?\nA. The water collects.\nB. The water evaporates.\nC. The water condenses.\nD. The water precipitates.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens when the Sun's energy warms ocean water?", "choices": {"text": ["The water collects.", "The water condenses.", "The water precipitates.", "The water evaporates."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens when the Sun's energy warms ocean water?\nA. The water collects.\nB. The water condenses.\nC. The water precipitates.\nD. The water evaporates.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens when the Sun's energy warms ocean water?", "choices": {"text": ["The water collects.", "The water evaporates.", "The water condenses.", "The water precipitates."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens when the Sun's energy warms ocean water?\n1. The water collects.\n2. The water evaporates.\n3. The water condenses.\n4. The water precipitates.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens when the Sun's energy warms ocean water?", "choices": {"text": ["The water collects.", "The water evaporates.", "The water condenses.", "The water precipitates."], "label": ["Y", "P", "S", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens when the Sun's energy warms ocean water?\nY. The water collects.\nP. The water evaporates.\nS. The water condenses.\nQ. The water precipitates.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens when the Sun's energy warms ocean water?", "choices": {"text": ["The water collects.", "The water condenses.", "The water precipitates.", "The water evaporates."], "label": ["Y", "P", "S", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens when the Sun's energy warms ocean water?\nY. The water collects.\nP. The water condenses.\nS. The water precipitates.\nQ. The water evaporates.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2445}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400150", "question": "Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?", "choices": {"text": ["iron nail", "wooden toothpick", "aluminum foil", "cotton ball"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?\nA. iron nail\nB. wooden toothpick\nC. aluminum foil\nD. cotton ball\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?", "choices": {"text": ["aluminum foil", "iron nail", "wooden toothpick", "cotton ball"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?\nA. aluminum foil\nB. iron nail\nC. wooden toothpick\nD. cotton ball\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?", "choices": {"text": ["iron nail", "wooden toothpick", "aluminum foil", "cotton ball"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?\n1. iron nail\n2. wooden toothpick\n3. aluminum foil\n4. cotton ball\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?", "choices": {"text": ["iron nail", "wooden toothpick", "aluminum foil", "cotton ball"], "label": ["B", "O", "X", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?\nB. iron nail\nO. wooden toothpick\nX. aluminum foil\nZ. cotton ball\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?", "choices": {"text": ["aluminum foil", "iron nail", "wooden toothpick", "cotton ball"], "label": ["B", "O", "X", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?\nB. aluminum foil\nO. iron nail\nX. wooden toothpick\nZ. cotton ball\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2446}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_413138", "question": "Energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas. This sentence describes which step in the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation", "runoff"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas. This sentence describes which step in the water cycle?\nA. condensation\nB. evaporation\nC. precipitation\nD. runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas. This sentence describes which step in the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "precipitation", "evaporation", "runoff"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas. This sentence describes which step in the water cycle?\nA. condensation\nB. precipitation\nC. evaporation\nD. runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas. This sentence describes which step in the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation", "runoff"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas. This sentence describes which step in the water cycle?\n1. condensation\n2. evaporation\n3. precipitation\n4. runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas. This sentence describes which step in the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation", "runoff"], "label": ["U", "Y", "Q", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas. This sentence describes which step in the water cycle?\nU. condensation\nY. evaporation\nQ. precipitation\nP. runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas. This sentence describes which step in the water cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["condensation", "precipitation", "evaporation", "runoff"], "label": ["U", "Y", "Q", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Energy from the Sun changes ocean water to a gas. This sentence describes which step in the water cycle?\nU. condensation\nY. precipitation\nQ. evaporation\nP. runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2447}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7114940", "question": "Which is an example of symbiosis?", "choices": {"text": ["a tick feeding on a deer", "a lion hunting a zebra", "a dandelion growing in a grass lawn", "a dolphin communicating with another dolphin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of symbiosis?\nA. a tick feeding on a deer\nB. a lion hunting a zebra\nC. a dandelion growing in a grass lawn\nD. a dolphin communicating with another dolphin\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of symbiosis?", "choices": {"text": ["a lion hunting a zebra", "a dolphin communicating with another dolphin", "a tick feeding on a deer", "a dandelion growing in a grass lawn"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of symbiosis?\nA. a lion hunting a zebra\nB. a dolphin communicating with another dolphin\nC. a tick feeding on a deer\nD. a dandelion growing in a grass lawn\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of symbiosis?", "choices": {"text": ["a tick feeding on a deer", "a lion hunting a zebra", "a dandelion growing in a grass lawn", "a dolphin communicating with another dolphin"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of symbiosis?\n1. a tick feeding on a deer\n2. a lion hunting a zebra\n3. a dandelion growing in a grass lawn\n4. a dolphin communicating with another dolphin\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of symbiosis?", "choices": {"text": ["a tick feeding on a deer", "a lion hunting a zebra", "a dandelion growing in a grass lawn", "a dolphin communicating with another dolphin"], "label": ["O", "N", "X", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of symbiosis?\nO. a tick feeding on a deer\nN. a lion hunting a zebra\nX. a dandelion growing in a grass lawn\nV. a dolphin communicating with another dolphin\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of symbiosis?", "choices": {"text": ["a lion hunting a zebra", "a dolphin communicating with another dolphin", "a tick feeding on a deer", "a dandelion growing in a grass lawn"], "label": ["O", "N", "X", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of symbiosis?\nO. a lion hunting a zebra\nN. a dolphin communicating with another dolphin\nX. a tick feeding on a deer\nV. a dandelion growing in a grass lawn\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2448}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2008_5_41", "question": "A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?", "choices": {"text": ["classification", "condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?\nA. classification\nB. condensation\nC. evaporation\nD. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "classification", "precipitation", "condensation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?\nA. evaporation\nB. classification\nC. precipitation\nD. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?", "choices": {"text": ["classification", "condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?\n1. classification\n2. condensation\n3. evaporation\n4. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?", "choices": {"text": ["classification", "condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation"], "label": ["A", "Z", "H", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?\nA. classification\nZ. condensation\nH. evaporation\nE. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation", "classification", "precipitation", "condensation"], "label": ["A", "Z", "H", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?\nA. evaporation\nZ. classification\nH. precipitation\nE. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2449}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2002_8_2", "question": "In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called", "choices": {"text": ["decomposers.", "carnivores.", "producers.", "herbivores."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called\nA. decomposers.\nB. carnivores.\nC. producers.\nD. herbivores.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called", "choices": {"text": ["decomposers.", "carnivores.", "herbivores.", "producers."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called\nA. decomposers.\nB. carnivores.\nC. herbivores.\nD. producers.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called", "choices": {"text": ["decomposers.", "carnivores.", "producers.", "herbivores."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called\n1. decomposers.\n2. carnivores.\n3. producers.\n4. herbivores.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called", "choices": {"text": ["decomposers.", "carnivores.", "producers.", "herbivores."], "label": ["M", "W", "O", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called\nM. decomposers.\nW. carnivores.\nO. producers.\nV. herbivores.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called", "choices": {"text": ["decomposers.", "carnivores.", "herbivores.", "producers."], "label": ["M", "W", "O", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a food chain, living organisms that eat plants and are a food source for other animals are called\nM. decomposers.\nW. carnivores.\nO. herbivores.\nV. producers.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2450}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2016_5_7", "question": "Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?", "choices": {"text": ["A frog lays eggs.", "A frog swims in water.", "A frog begins to lose its tail.", "A frog begins to develop lungs."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?\nA. A frog lays eggs.\nB. A frog swims in water.\nC. A frog begins to lose its tail.\nD. A frog begins to develop lungs.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?", "choices": {"text": ["A frog begins to lose its tail.", "A frog swims in water.", "A frog lays eggs.", "A frog begins to develop lungs."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?\nA. A frog begins to lose its tail.\nB. A frog swims in water.\nC. A frog lays eggs.\nD. A frog begins to develop lungs.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?", "choices": {"text": ["A frog lays eggs.", "A frog swims in water.", "A frog begins to lose its tail.", "A frog begins to develop lungs."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?\n1. A frog lays eggs.\n2. A frog swims in water.\n3. A frog begins to lose its tail.\n4. A frog begins to develop lungs.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?", "choices": {"text": ["A frog lays eggs.", "A frog swims in water.", "A frog begins to lose its tail.", "A frog begins to develop lungs."], "label": ["F", "Y", "T", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?\nF. A frog lays eggs.\nY. A frog swims in water.\nT. A frog begins to lose its tail.\nS. A frog begins to develop lungs.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?", "choices": {"text": ["A frog begins to lose its tail.", "A frog swims in water.", "A frog lays eggs.", "A frog begins to develop lungs."], "label": ["F", "Y", "T", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?\nF. A frog begins to lose its tail.\nY. A frog swims in water.\nT. A frog lays eggs.\nS. A frog begins to develop lungs.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2451}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7154490", "question": "In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be \"fixed.\" When nitrogen is \"fixed,\" it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?", "choices": {"text": ["biological", "combustion", "industrial", "lightning"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be \"fixed.\" When nitrogen is \"fixed,\" it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?\nA. biological\nB. combustion\nC. industrial\nD. lightning\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be \"fixed.\" When nitrogen is \"fixed,\" it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?", "choices": {"text": ["combustion", "biological", "lightning", "industrial"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be \"fixed.\" When nitrogen is \"fixed,\" it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?\nA. combustion\nB. biological\nC. lightning\nD. industrial\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be \"fixed.\" When nitrogen is \"fixed,\" it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?", "choices": {"text": ["biological", "combustion", "industrial", "lightning"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be \"fixed.\" When nitrogen is \"fixed,\" it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?\n1. biological\n2. combustion\n3. industrial\n4. lightning\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be \"fixed.\" When nitrogen is \"fixed,\" it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?", "choices": {"text": ["biological", "combustion", "industrial", "lightning"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "B", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be \"fixed.\" When nitrogen is \"fixed,\" it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?\nQ. biological\nZ. combustion\nB. industrial\nW. lightning\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be \"fixed.\" When nitrogen is \"fixed,\" it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?", "choices": {"text": ["combustion", "biological", "lightning", "industrial"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "B", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be \"fixed.\" When nitrogen is \"fixed,\" it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?\nQ. combustion\nZ. biological\nB. lightning\nW. industrial\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2452}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7177520", "question": "What is the relationship between mass and gravitational pull?", "choices": {"text": ["Lower gravitational pull creates more mass.", "Higher gravitational pull creates more mass.", "Lower mass creates higher gravitational pull.", "Higher mass creates higher gravitational pull."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the relationship between mass and gravitational pull?\nA. Lower gravitational pull creates more mass.\nB. Higher gravitational pull creates more mass.\nC. Lower mass creates higher gravitational pull.\nD. Higher mass creates higher gravitational pull.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the relationship between mass and gravitational pull?", "choices": {"text": ["Lower mass creates higher gravitational pull.", "Higher gravitational pull creates more mass.", "Higher mass creates higher gravitational pull.", "Lower gravitational pull creates more mass."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the relationship between mass and gravitational pull?\nA. Lower mass creates higher gravitational pull.\nB. Higher gravitational pull creates more mass.\nC. Higher mass creates higher gravitational pull.\nD. Lower gravitational pull creates more mass.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the relationship between mass and gravitational pull?", "choices": {"text": ["Lower gravitational pull creates more mass.", "Higher gravitational pull creates more mass.", "Lower mass creates higher gravitational pull.", "Higher mass creates higher gravitational pull."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the relationship between mass and gravitational pull?\n1. Lower gravitational pull creates more mass.\n2. Higher gravitational pull creates more mass.\n3. Lower mass creates higher gravitational pull.\n4. Higher mass creates higher gravitational pull.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the relationship between mass and gravitational pull?", "choices": {"text": ["Lower gravitational pull creates more mass.", "Higher gravitational pull creates more mass.", "Lower mass creates higher gravitational pull.", "Higher mass creates higher gravitational pull."], "label": ["O", "K", "V", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the relationship between mass and gravitational pull?\nO. Lower gravitational pull creates more mass.\nK. Higher gravitational pull creates more mass.\nV. Lower mass creates higher gravitational pull.\nU. Higher mass creates higher gravitational pull.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the relationship between mass and gravitational pull?", "choices": {"text": ["Lower mass creates higher gravitational pull.", "Higher gravitational pull creates more mass.", "Higher mass creates higher gravitational pull.", "Lower gravitational pull creates more mass."], "label": ["O", "K", "V", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the relationship between mass and gravitational pull?\nO. Lower mass creates higher gravitational pull.\nK. Higher gravitational pull creates more mass.\nV. Higher mass creates higher gravitational pull.\nU. Lower gravitational pull creates more mass.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2453}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7241273", "question": "Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty?", "choices": {"text": ["amylase in the mouth", "pepsin in the stomach", "lipase in the small intestine", "trypsin in the small intestine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty?\nA. amylase in the mouth\nB. pepsin in the stomach\nC. lipase in the small intestine\nD. trypsin in the small intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty?", "choices": {"text": ["lipase in the small intestine", "amylase in the mouth", "pepsin in the stomach", "trypsin in the small intestine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty?\nA. lipase in the small intestine\nB. amylase in the mouth\nC. pepsin in the stomach\nD. trypsin in the small intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty?", "choices": {"text": ["amylase in the mouth", "pepsin in the stomach", "lipase in the small intestine", "trypsin in the small intestine"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty?\n1. amylase in the mouth\n2. pepsin in the stomach\n3. lipase in the small intestine\n4. trypsin in the small intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty?", "choices": {"text": ["amylase in the mouth", "pepsin in the stomach", "lipase in the small intestine", "trypsin in the small intestine"], "label": ["S", "D", "O", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty?\nS. amylase in the mouth\nD. pepsin in the stomach\nO. lipase in the small intestine\nA. trypsin in the small intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty?", "choices": {"text": ["lipase in the small intestine", "amylase in the mouth", "pepsin in the stomach", "trypsin in the small intestine"], "label": ["S", "D", "O", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty?\nS. lipase in the small intestine\nD. amylase in the mouth\nO. pepsin in the stomach\nA. trypsin in the small intestine\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2454}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7234185", "question": "Which part of Earth's structure is composed of a solid mixture of nickel and iron?", "choices": {"text": ["the inner core", "the outer core", "the lithosphere", "the asthenosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of Earth's structure is composed of a solid mixture of nickel and iron?\nA. the inner core\nB. the outer core\nC. the lithosphere\nD. the asthenosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of Earth's structure is composed of a solid mixture of nickel and iron?", "choices": {"text": ["the outer core", "the asthenosphere", "the lithosphere", "the inner core"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of Earth's structure is composed of a solid mixture of nickel and iron?\nA. the outer core\nB. the asthenosphere\nC. the lithosphere\nD. the inner core\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of Earth's structure is composed of a solid mixture of nickel and iron?", "choices": {"text": ["the inner core", "the outer core", "the lithosphere", "the asthenosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of Earth's structure is composed of a solid mixture of nickel and iron?\n1. the inner core\n2. the outer core\n3. the lithosphere\n4. the asthenosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of Earth's structure is composed of a solid mixture of nickel and iron?", "choices": {"text": ["the inner core", "the outer core", "the lithosphere", "the asthenosphere"], "label": ["U", "D", "R", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of Earth's structure is composed of a solid mixture of nickel and iron?\nU. the inner core\nD. the outer core\nR. the lithosphere\nP. the asthenosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which part of Earth's structure is composed of a solid mixture of nickel and iron?", "choices": {"text": ["the outer core", "the asthenosphere", "the lithosphere", "the inner core"], "label": ["U", "D", "R", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which part of Earth's structure is composed of a solid mixture of nickel and iron?\nU. the outer core\nD. the asthenosphere\nR. the lithosphere\nP. the inner core\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2455}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7074970", "question": "A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being", "choices": {"text": ["hazardous.", "contaminated.", "infectious.", "toxic."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being\nA. hazardous.\nB. contaminated.\nC. infectious.\nD. toxic.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being", "choices": {"text": ["hazardous.", "infectious.", "toxic.", "contaminated."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being\nA. hazardous.\nB. infectious.\nC. toxic.\nD. contaminated.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being", "choices": {"text": ["hazardous.", "contaminated.", "infectious.", "toxic."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being\n1. hazardous.\n2. contaminated.\n3. infectious.\n4. toxic.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being", "choices": {"text": ["hazardous.", "contaminated.", "infectious.", "toxic."], "label": ["P", "O", "W", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being\nP. hazardous.\nO. contaminated.\nW. infectious.\nE. toxic.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being", "choices": {"text": ["hazardous.", "infectious.", "toxic.", "contaminated."], "label": ["P", "O", "W", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being\nP. hazardous.\nO. infectious.\nW. toxic.\nE. contaminated.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2456}
{"arc_id": "LEAP__7_10350", "question": "Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in undersea volcanic activity", "a decrease in the distance between Earth and the Sun", "an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels", "a decrease in the amount of water on Earth due to overconsumption"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?\nA. an increase in undersea volcanic activity\nB. a decrease in the distance between Earth and the Sun\nC. an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels\nD. a decrease in the amount of water on Earth due to overconsumption\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in undersea volcanic activity", "a decrease in the distance between Earth and the Sun", "a decrease in the amount of water on Earth due to overconsumption", "an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?\nA. an increase in undersea volcanic activity\nB. a decrease in the distance between Earth and the Sun\nC. a decrease in the amount of water on Earth due to overconsumption\nD. an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in undersea volcanic activity", "a decrease in the distance between Earth and the Sun", "an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels", "a decrease in the amount of water on Earth due to overconsumption"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?\n1. an increase in undersea volcanic activity\n2. a decrease in the distance between Earth and the Sun\n3. an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels\n4. a decrease in the amount of water on Earth due to overconsumption\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in undersea volcanic activity", "a decrease in the distance between Earth and the Sun", "an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels", "a decrease in the amount of water on Earth due to overconsumption"], "label": ["Y", "U", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?\nY. an increase in undersea volcanic activity\nU. a decrease in the distance between Earth and the Sun\nB. an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels\nC. a decrease in the amount of water on Earth due to overconsumption\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in undersea volcanic activity", "a decrease in the distance between Earth and the Sun", "a decrease in the amount of water on Earth due to overconsumption", "an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels"], "label": ["Y", "U", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists have observed an increase in global temperatures over the past 100 years. Which phenomena do scientists believe contributes to the increase in temperatures?\nY. an increase in undersea volcanic activity\nU. a decrease in the distance between Earth and the Sun\nB. a decrease in the amount of water on Earth due to overconsumption\nC. an increase in certain gases released during the use of fossil fuels\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2457}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_27", "question": "Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?", "choices": {"text": ["clear skies", "precipitation", "warm temperatures", "dry air"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?\nA. clear skies\nB. precipitation\nC. warm temperatures\nD. dry air\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?", "choices": {"text": ["clear skies", "warm temperatures", "dry air", "precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?\nA. clear skies\nB. warm temperatures\nC. dry air\nD. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?", "choices": {"text": ["clear skies", "precipitation", "warm temperatures", "dry air"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?\n1. clear skies\n2. precipitation\n3. warm temperatures\n4. dry air\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?", "choices": {"text": ["clear skies", "precipitation", "warm temperatures", "dry air"], "label": ["J", "G", "D", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?\nJ. clear skies\nG. precipitation\nD. warm temperatures\nF. dry air\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?", "choices": {"text": ["clear skies", "warm temperatures", "dry air", "precipitation"], "label": ["J", "G", "D", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?\nJ. clear skies\nG. warm temperatures\nD. dry air\nF. precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2458}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7245928", "question": "The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?", "choices": {"text": ["sound energy to thermal energy", "thermal energy to chemical energy", "mechanical energy to sound energy", "mechanical energy to chemical energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?\nA. sound energy to thermal energy\nB. thermal energy to chemical energy\nC. mechanical energy to sound energy\nD. mechanical energy to chemical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy to chemical energy", "mechanical energy to sound energy", "sound energy to thermal energy", "thermal energy to chemical energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?\nA. mechanical energy to chemical energy\nB. mechanical energy to sound energy\nC. sound energy to thermal energy\nD. thermal energy to chemical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?", "choices": {"text": ["sound energy to thermal energy", "thermal energy to chemical energy", "mechanical energy to sound energy", "mechanical energy to chemical energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?\n1. sound energy to thermal energy\n2. thermal energy to chemical energy\n3. mechanical energy to sound energy\n4. mechanical energy to chemical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?", "choices": {"text": ["sound energy to thermal energy", "thermal energy to chemical energy", "mechanical energy to sound energy", "mechanical energy to chemical energy"], "label": ["R", "E", "I", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?\nR. sound energy to thermal energy\nE. thermal energy to chemical energy\nI. mechanical energy to sound energy\nK. mechanical energy to chemical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy to chemical energy", "mechanical energy to sound energy", "sound energy to thermal energy", "thermal energy to chemical energy"], "label": ["R", "E", "I", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The sound made by crickets occurs when the male crickets rubs its two hind legs together. Which type of energy transformation results in the sound made by crickets?\nR. mechanical energy to chemical energy\nE. mechanical energy to sound energy\nI. sound energy to thermal energy\nK. thermal energy to chemical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2459}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7205380", "question": "Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of", "choices": {"text": ["atoms.", "mixtures.", "electrons.", "compounds."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of\nA. atoms.\nB. mixtures.\nC. electrons.\nD. compounds.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons.", "compounds.", "mixtures.", "atoms."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of\nA. electrons.\nB. compounds.\nC. mixtures.\nD. atoms.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of", "choices": {"text": ["atoms.", "mixtures.", "electrons.", "compounds."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of\n1. atoms.\n2. mixtures.\n3. electrons.\n4. compounds.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of", "choices": {"text": ["atoms.", "mixtures.", "electrons.", "compounds."], "label": ["E", "Z", "T", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of\nE. atoms.\nZ. mixtures.\nT. electrons.\nN. compounds.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons.", "compounds.", "mixtures.", "atoms."], "label": ["E", "Z", "T", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Salt water, plastic, and helium are all made of\nE. electrons.\nZ. compounds.\nT. mixtures.\nN. atoms.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2460}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7072415", "question": "As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?", "choices": {"text": ["As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.", "As the satellite approaches Earth, the satellite rotates faster.", "The mass of the satellite increases as it nears Earth.", "The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?\nA. As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.\nB. As the satellite approaches Earth, the satellite rotates faster.\nC. The mass of the satellite increases as it nears Earth.\nD. The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?", "choices": {"text": ["The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases.", "As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.", "As the satellite approaches Earth, the satellite rotates faster.", "The mass of the satellite increases as it nears Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?\nA. The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases.\nB. As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.\nC. As the satellite approaches Earth, the satellite rotates faster.\nD. The mass of the satellite increases as it nears Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?", "choices": {"text": ["As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.", "As the satellite approaches Earth, the satellite rotates faster.", "The mass of the satellite increases as it nears Earth.", "The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?\n1. As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.\n2. As the satellite approaches Earth, the satellite rotates faster.\n3. The mass of the satellite increases as it nears Earth.\n4. The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?", "choices": {"text": ["As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.", "As the satellite approaches Earth, the satellite rotates faster.", "The mass of the satellite increases as it nears Earth.", "The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases."], "label": ["E", "D", "S", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?\nE. As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.\nD. As the satellite approaches Earth, the satellite rotates faster.\nS. The mass of the satellite increases as it nears Earth.\nM. The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?", "choices": {"text": ["The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases.", "As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.", "As the satellite approaches Earth, the satellite rotates faster.", "The mass of the satellite increases as it nears Earth."], "label": ["E", "D", "S", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: As a satellite falls toward Earth, the gravitational force between the satellite and Earth increases. Which statement best explains why there is an increase in gravitational force?\nE. The distance between Earth and the satellite decreases.\nD. As the satellite gets closer to Earth, the satellite cools.\nS. As the satellite approaches Earth, the satellite rotates faster.\nM. The mass of the satellite increases as it nears Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2461}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008943", "question": "A student walking quickly while carrying an orange on his lunch tray stops suddenly. The orange will most likely roll off the tray due to", "choices": {"text": ["inertia of the orange.", "centripetal force of the orange.", "the friction acting on the orange.", "the balanced forces acting on the orange."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student walking quickly while carrying an orange on his lunch tray stops suddenly. The orange will most likely roll off the tray due to\nA. inertia of the orange.\nB. centripetal force of the orange.\nC. the friction acting on the orange.\nD. the balanced forces acting on the orange.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student walking quickly while carrying an orange on his lunch tray stops suddenly. The orange will most likely roll off the tray due to", "choices": {"text": ["centripetal force of the orange.", "the friction acting on the orange.", "the balanced forces acting on the orange.", "inertia of the orange."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student walking quickly while carrying an orange on his lunch tray stops suddenly. The orange will most likely roll off the tray due to\nA. centripetal force of the orange.\nB. the friction acting on the orange.\nC. the balanced forces acting on the orange.\nD. inertia of the orange.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student walking quickly while carrying an orange on his lunch tray stops suddenly. The orange will most likely roll off the tray due to", "choices": {"text": ["inertia of the orange.", "centripetal force of the orange.", "the friction acting on the orange.", "the balanced forces acting on the orange."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student walking quickly while carrying an orange on his lunch tray stops suddenly. The orange will most likely roll off the tray due to\n1. inertia of the orange.\n2. centripetal force of the orange.\n3. the friction acting on the orange.\n4. the balanced forces acting on the orange.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student walking quickly while carrying an orange on his lunch tray stops suddenly. The orange will most likely roll off the tray due to", "choices": {"text": ["inertia of the orange.", "centripetal force of the orange.", "the friction acting on the orange.", "the balanced forces acting on the orange."], "label": ["T", "P", "N", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student walking quickly while carrying an orange on his lunch tray stops suddenly. The orange will most likely roll off the tray due to\nT. inertia of the orange.\nP. centripetal force of the orange.\nN. the friction acting on the orange.\nQ. the balanced forces acting on the orange.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student walking quickly while carrying an orange on his lunch tray stops suddenly. The orange will most likely roll off the tray due to", "choices": {"text": ["centripetal force of the orange.", "the friction acting on the orange.", "the balanced forces acting on the orange.", "inertia of the orange."], "label": ["T", "P", "N", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student walking quickly while carrying an orange on his lunch tray stops suddenly. The orange will most likely roll off the tray due to\nT. centripetal force of the orange.\nP. the friction acting on the orange.\nN. the balanced forces acting on the orange.\nQ. inertia of the orange.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2462}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_9", "question": "The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "genetic engineering", "natural selection", "internal fertilization"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called\nA. selective breeding\nB. genetic engineering\nC. natural selection\nD. internal fertilization\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called", "choices": {"text": ["genetic engineering", "internal fertilization", "selective breeding", "natural selection"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called\nA. genetic engineering\nB. internal fertilization\nC. selective breeding\nD. natural selection\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "genetic engineering", "natural selection", "internal fertilization"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called\n1. selective breeding\n2. genetic engineering\n3. natural selection\n4. internal fertilization\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called", "choices": {"text": ["selective breeding", "genetic engineering", "natural selection", "internal fertilization"], "label": ["Q", "K", "M", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called\nQ. selective breeding\nK. genetic engineering\nM. natural selection\nD. internal fertilization\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called", "choices": {"text": ["genetic engineering", "internal fertilization", "selective breeding", "natural selection"], "label": ["Q", "K", "M", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called\nQ. genetic engineering\nK. internal fertilization\nM. selective breeding\nD. natural selection\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2463}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7220238", "question": "A student collects data about the dates and strengths of historical earthquakes in Nevada. Which of the following would be best for reporting the strengths of these earthquakes over time?", "choices": {"text": ["a topographic map", "a line graph", "a series of photographs", "a table of pictographs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student collects data about the dates and strengths of historical earthquakes in Nevada. Which of the following would be best for reporting the strengths of these earthquakes over time?\nA. a topographic map\nB. a line graph\nC. a series of photographs\nD. a table of pictographs\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student collects data about the dates and strengths of historical earthquakes in Nevada. Which of the following would be best for reporting the strengths of these earthquakes over time?", "choices": {"text": ["a topographic map", "a series of photographs", "a table of pictographs", "a line graph"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student collects data about the dates and strengths of historical earthquakes in Nevada. Which of the following would be best for reporting the strengths of these earthquakes over time?\nA. a topographic map\nB. a series of photographs\nC. a table of pictographs\nD. a line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student collects data about the dates and strengths of historical earthquakes in Nevada. Which of the following would be best for reporting the strengths of these earthquakes over time?", "choices": {"text": ["a topographic map", "a line graph", "a series of photographs", "a table of pictographs"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student collects data about the dates and strengths of historical earthquakes in Nevada. Which of the following would be best for reporting the strengths of these earthquakes over time?\n1. a topographic map\n2. a line graph\n3. a series of photographs\n4. a table of pictographs\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student collects data about the dates and strengths of historical earthquakes in Nevada. Which of the following would be best for reporting the strengths of these earthquakes over time?", "choices": {"text": ["a topographic map", "a line graph", "a series of photographs", "a table of pictographs"], "label": ["X", "T", "J", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student collects data about the dates and strengths of historical earthquakes in Nevada. Which of the following would be best for reporting the strengths of these earthquakes over time?\nX. a topographic map\nT. a line graph\nJ. a series of photographs\nI. a table of pictographs\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student collects data about the dates and strengths of historical earthquakes in Nevada. Which of the following would be best for reporting the strengths of these earthquakes over time?", "choices": {"text": ["a topographic map", "a series of photographs", "a table of pictographs", "a line graph"], "label": ["X", "T", "J", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student collects data about the dates and strengths of historical earthquakes in Nevada. Which of the following would be best for reporting the strengths of these earthquakes over time?\nX. a topographic map\nT. a series of photographs\nJ. a table of pictographs\nI. a line graph\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2464}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2010_7_11", "question": "The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?", "choices": {"text": ["The skull protects the brain from injury.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.", "The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?\nA. The skull protects the brain from injury.\nB. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.\nC. The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.\nD. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?", "choices": {"text": ["Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles.", "The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.", "The skull protects the brain from injury."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?\nA. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles.\nB. The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.\nC. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.\nD. The skull protects the brain from injury.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?", "choices": {"text": ["The skull protects the brain from injury.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.", "The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?\n1. The skull protects the brain from injury.\n2. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.\n3. The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.\n4. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?", "choices": {"text": ["The skull protects the brain from injury.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.", "The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles."], "label": ["F", "O", "U", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?\nF. The skull protects the brain from injury.\nO. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.\nU. The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.\nC. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?", "choices": {"text": ["Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles.", "The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.", "The skull protects the brain from injury."], "label": ["F", "O", "U", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?\nF. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles.\nO. The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.\nU. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.\nC. The skull protects the brain from injury.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2465}
{"arc_id": "MEAP_2005_8_34", "question": "A snowball is made the exact size of a golf ball. Both the golf ball and the snowball are dropped from the same height onto a concrete sidewalk. The snowball breaks, but the golf ball bounces. Which of the following best describes a reason for the difference in reaction of the two balls?", "choices": {"text": ["The snowball is colder than the golf ball.", "The snowball is less dense then the golf ball.", "The effects of friction are greater on the golf ball.", "The effects of Earth's gravity are greater on the snowball."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A snowball is made the exact size of a golf ball. Both the golf ball and the snowball are dropped from the same height onto a concrete sidewalk. The snowball breaks, but the golf ball bounces. Which of the following best describes a reason for the difference in reaction of the two balls?\nA. The snowball is colder than the golf ball.\nB. The snowball is less dense then the golf ball.\nC. The effects of friction are greater on the golf ball.\nD. The effects of Earth's gravity are greater on the snowball.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A snowball is made the exact size of a golf ball. Both the golf ball and the snowball are dropped from the same height onto a concrete sidewalk. The snowball breaks, but the golf ball bounces. Which of the following best describes a reason for the difference in reaction of the two balls?", "choices": {"text": ["The effects of friction are greater on the golf ball.", "The snowball is colder than the golf ball.", "The effects of Earth's gravity are greater on the snowball.", "The snowball is less dense then the golf ball."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A snowball is made the exact size of a golf ball. Both the golf ball and the snowball are dropped from the same height onto a concrete sidewalk. The snowball breaks, but the golf ball bounces. Which of the following best describes a reason for the difference in reaction of the two balls?\nA. The effects of friction are greater on the golf ball.\nB. The snowball is colder than the golf ball.\nC. The effects of Earth's gravity are greater on the snowball.\nD. The snowball is less dense then the golf ball.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A snowball is made the exact size of a golf ball. Both the golf ball and the snowball are dropped from the same height onto a concrete sidewalk. The snowball breaks, but the golf ball bounces. Which of the following best describes a reason for the difference in reaction of the two balls?", "choices": {"text": ["The snowball is colder than the golf ball.", "The snowball is less dense then the golf ball.", "The effects of friction are greater on the golf ball.", "The effects of Earth's gravity are greater on the snowball."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A snowball is made the exact size of a golf ball. Both the golf ball and the snowball are dropped from the same height onto a concrete sidewalk. The snowball breaks, but the golf ball bounces. Which of the following best describes a reason for the difference in reaction of the two balls?\n1. The snowball is colder than the golf ball.\n2. The snowball is less dense then the golf ball.\n3. The effects of friction are greater on the golf ball.\n4. The effects of Earth's gravity are greater on the snowball.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A snowball is made the exact size of a golf ball. Both the golf ball and the snowball are dropped from the same height onto a concrete sidewalk. The snowball breaks, but the golf ball bounces. Which of the following best describes a reason for the difference in reaction of the two balls?", "choices": {"text": ["The snowball is colder than the golf ball.", "The snowball is less dense then the golf ball.", "The effects of friction are greater on the golf ball.", "The effects of Earth's gravity are greater on the snowball."], "label": ["H", "N", "O", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A snowball is made the exact size of a golf ball. Both the golf ball and the snowball are dropped from the same height onto a concrete sidewalk. The snowball breaks, but the golf ball bounces. Which of the following best describes a reason for the difference in reaction of the two balls?\nH. The snowball is colder than the golf ball.\nN. The snowball is less dense then the golf ball.\nO. The effects of friction are greater on the golf ball.\nS. The effects of Earth's gravity are greater on the snowball.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A snowball is made the exact size of a golf ball. Both the golf ball and the snowball are dropped from the same height onto a concrete sidewalk. The snowball breaks, but the golf ball bounces. Which of the following best describes a reason for the difference in reaction of the two balls?", "choices": {"text": ["The effects of friction are greater on the golf ball.", "The snowball is colder than the golf ball.", "The effects of Earth's gravity are greater on the snowball.", "The snowball is less dense then the golf ball."], "label": ["H", "N", "O", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A snowball is made the exact size of a golf ball. Both the golf ball and the snowball are dropped from the same height onto a concrete sidewalk. The snowball breaks, but the golf ball bounces. Which of the following best describes a reason for the difference in reaction of the two balls?\nH. The effects of friction are greater on the golf ball.\nN. The snowball is colder than the golf ball.\nO. The effects of Earth's gravity are greater on the snowball.\nS. The snowball is less dense then the golf ball.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2466}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7010815", "question": "Which of these is the best way to dispose of a potentially dangerous compound?", "choices": {"text": ["pour it down the drain", "put it into a garbage can", "recycle the compound for a future lab activity", "place it in a hazardous material waste container"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best way to dispose of a potentially dangerous compound?\nA. pour it down the drain\nB. put it into a garbage can\nC. recycle the compound for a future lab activity\nD. place it in a hazardous material waste container\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best way to dispose of a potentially dangerous compound?", "choices": {"text": ["pour it down the drain", "place it in a hazardous material waste container", "put it into a garbage can", "recycle the compound for a future lab activity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best way to dispose of a potentially dangerous compound?\nA. pour it down the drain\nB. place it in a hazardous material waste container\nC. put it into a garbage can\nD. recycle the compound for a future lab activity\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best way to dispose of a potentially dangerous compound?", "choices": {"text": ["pour it down the drain", "put it into a garbage can", "recycle the compound for a future lab activity", "place it in a hazardous material waste container"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best way to dispose of a potentially dangerous compound?\n1. pour it down the drain\n2. put it into a garbage can\n3. recycle the compound for a future lab activity\n4. place it in a hazardous material waste container\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best way to dispose of a potentially dangerous compound?", "choices": {"text": ["pour it down the drain", "put it into a garbage can", "recycle the compound for a future lab activity", "place it in a hazardous material waste container"], "label": ["H", "A", "K", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best way to dispose of a potentially dangerous compound?\nH. pour it down the drain\nA. put it into a garbage can\nK. recycle the compound for a future lab activity\nF. place it in a hazardous material waste container\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best way to dispose of a potentially dangerous compound?", "choices": {"text": ["pour it down the drain", "place it in a hazardous material waste container", "put it into a garbage can", "recycle the compound for a future lab activity"], "label": ["H", "A", "K", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best way to dispose of a potentially dangerous compound?\nH. pour it down the drain\nA. place it in a hazardous material waste container\nK. put it into a garbage can\nF. recycle the compound for a future lab activity\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2467}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7270410", "question": "Asbestos fibers cause a cancer called mesothelioma in humans. The fibers kill cells that line lung tissue by causing programmed-cell death. When cells die this way, they release a chemical, HMG1, which causes an inflammatory response in other cells. During this inflammatory response, cells release chemicals that promote tumor growth. What conclusion can you draw about the chemicals released in the inflammatory response?", "choices": {"text": ["They decrease the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.", "They increase the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.", "They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.", "They disrupt the normal cell cycle."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Asbestos fibers cause a cancer called mesothelioma in humans. The fibers kill cells that line lung tissue by causing programmed-cell death. When cells die this way, they release a chemical, HMG1, which causes an inflammatory response in other cells. During this inflammatory response, cells release chemicals that promote tumor growth. What conclusion can you draw about the chemicals released in the inflammatory response?\nA. They decrease the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.\nB. They increase the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.\nC. They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.\nD. They disrupt the normal cell cycle.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Asbestos fibers cause a cancer called mesothelioma in humans. The fibers kill cells that line lung tissue by causing programmed-cell death. When cells die this way, they release a chemical, HMG1, which causes an inflammatory response in other cells. During this inflammatory response, cells release chemicals that promote tumor growth. What conclusion can you draw about the chemicals released in the inflammatory response?", "choices": {"text": ["They increase the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.", "They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.", "They disrupt the normal cell cycle.", "They decrease the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Asbestos fibers cause a cancer called mesothelioma in humans. The fibers kill cells that line lung tissue by causing programmed-cell death. When cells die this way, they release a chemical, HMG1, which causes an inflammatory response in other cells. During this inflammatory response, cells release chemicals that promote tumor growth. What conclusion can you draw about the chemicals released in the inflammatory response?\nA. They increase the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.\nB. They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.\nC. They disrupt the normal cell cycle.\nD. They decrease the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Asbestos fibers cause a cancer called mesothelioma in humans. The fibers kill cells that line lung tissue by causing programmed-cell death. When cells die this way, they release a chemical, HMG1, which causes an inflammatory response in other cells. During this inflammatory response, cells release chemicals that promote tumor growth. What conclusion can you draw about the chemicals released in the inflammatory response?", "choices": {"text": ["They decrease the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.", "They increase the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.", "They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.", "They disrupt the normal cell cycle."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Asbestos fibers cause a cancer called mesothelioma in humans. The fibers kill cells that line lung tissue by causing programmed-cell death. When cells die this way, they release a chemical, HMG1, which causes an inflammatory response in other cells. During this inflammatory response, cells release chemicals that promote tumor growth. What conclusion can you draw about the chemicals released in the inflammatory response?\n1. They decrease the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.\n2. They increase the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.\n3. They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.\n4. They disrupt the normal cell cycle.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Asbestos fibers cause a cancer called mesothelioma in humans. The fibers kill cells that line lung tissue by causing programmed-cell death. When cells die this way, they release a chemical, HMG1, which causes an inflammatory response in other cells. During this inflammatory response, cells release chemicals that promote tumor growth. What conclusion can you draw about the chemicals released in the inflammatory response?", "choices": {"text": ["They decrease the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.", "They increase the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.", "They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.", "They disrupt the normal cell cycle."], "label": ["I", "T", "Y", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Asbestos fibers cause a cancer called mesothelioma in humans. The fibers kill cells that line lung tissue by causing programmed-cell death. When cells die this way, they release a chemical, HMG1, which causes an inflammatory response in other cells. During this inflammatory response, cells release chemicals that promote tumor growth. What conclusion can you draw about the chemicals released in the inflammatory response?\nI. They decrease the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.\nT. They increase the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.\nY. They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.\nD. They disrupt the normal cell cycle.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Asbestos fibers cause a cancer called mesothelioma in humans. The fibers kill cells that line lung tissue by causing programmed-cell death. When cells die this way, they release a chemical, HMG1, which causes an inflammatory response in other cells. During this inflammatory response, cells release chemicals that promote tumor growth. What conclusion can you draw about the chemicals released in the inflammatory response?", "choices": {"text": ["They increase the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.", "They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.", "They disrupt the normal cell cycle.", "They decrease the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop."], "label": ["I", "T", "Y", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Asbestos fibers cause a cancer called mesothelioma in humans. The fibers kill cells that line lung tissue by causing programmed-cell death. When cells die this way, they release a chemical, HMG1, which causes an inflammatory response in other cells. During this inflammatory response, cells release chemicals that promote tumor growth. What conclusion can you draw about the chemicals released in the inflammatory response?\nI. They increase the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.\nT. They disrupt the normal circadian rhythms.\nY. They disrupt the normal cell cycle.\nD. They decrease the amount of HMG1 in a feedback loop.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2468}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7168648", "question": "Sea lions often swim in the waters of the Pacific Ocean with their flippers sticking above the surface of the water. At other times they may be on land with only their flippers in the water. What would these behaviors most likely accomplish?", "choices": {"text": ["attracting mates", "confusing predators", "preventing dehydration", "regulating body temperature"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sea lions often swim in the waters of the Pacific Ocean with their flippers sticking above the surface of the water. At other times they may be on land with only their flippers in the water. What would these behaviors most likely accomplish?\nA. attracting mates\nB. confusing predators\nC. preventing dehydration\nD. regulating body temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sea lions often swim in the waters of the Pacific Ocean with their flippers sticking above the surface of the water. At other times they may be on land with only their flippers in the water. What would these behaviors most likely accomplish?", "choices": {"text": ["regulating body temperature", "attracting mates", "confusing predators", "preventing dehydration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sea lions often swim in the waters of the Pacific Ocean with their flippers sticking above the surface of the water. At other times they may be on land with only their flippers in the water. What would these behaviors most likely accomplish?\nA. regulating body temperature\nB. attracting mates\nC. confusing predators\nD. preventing dehydration\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sea lions often swim in the waters of the Pacific Ocean with their flippers sticking above the surface of the water. At other times they may be on land with only their flippers in the water. What would these behaviors most likely accomplish?", "choices": {"text": ["attracting mates", "confusing predators", "preventing dehydration", "regulating body temperature"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sea lions often swim in the waters of the Pacific Ocean with their flippers sticking above the surface of the water. At other times they may be on land with only their flippers in the water. What would these behaviors most likely accomplish?\n1. attracting mates\n2. confusing predators\n3. preventing dehydration\n4. regulating body temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sea lions often swim in the waters of the Pacific Ocean with their flippers sticking above the surface of the water. At other times they may be on land with only their flippers in the water. What would these behaviors most likely accomplish?", "choices": {"text": ["attracting mates", "confusing predators", "preventing dehydration", "regulating body temperature"], "label": ["G", "P", "Z", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sea lions often swim in the waters of the Pacific Ocean with their flippers sticking above the surface of the water. At other times they may be on land with only their flippers in the water. What would these behaviors most likely accomplish?\nG. attracting mates\nP. confusing predators\nZ. preventing dehydration\nL. regulating body temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sea lions often swim in the waters of the Pacific Ocean with their flippers sticking above the surface of the water. At other times they may be on land with only their flippers in the water. What would these behaviors most likely accomplish?", "choices": {"text": ["regulating body temperature", "attracting mates", "confusing predators", "preventing dehydration"], "label": ["G", "P", "Z", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sea lions often swim in the waters of the Pacific Ocean with their flippers sticking above the surface of the water. At other times they may be on land with only their flippers in the water. What would these behaviors most likely accomplish?\nG. regulating body temperature\nP. attracting mates\nZ. confusing predators\nL. preventing dehydration\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2469}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7082793", "question": "If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational forces.", "frictional forces.", "electromagnetic forces.", "balanced forces."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to\nA. gravitational forces.\nB. frictional forces.\nC. electromagnetic forces.\nD. balanced forces.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational forces.", "balanced forces.", "electromagnetic forces.", "frictional forces."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to\nA. gravitational forces.\nB. balanced forces.\nC. electromagnetic forces.\nD. frictional forces.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational forces.", "frictional forces.", "electromagnetic forces.", "balanced forces."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to\n1. gravitational forces.\n2. frictional forces.\n3. electromagnetic forces.\n4. balanced forces.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational forces.", "frictional forces.", "electromagnetic forces.", "balanced forces."], "label": ["O", "J", "A", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to\nO. gravitational forces.\nJ. frictional forces.\nA. electromagnetic forces.\nK. balanced forces.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational forces.", "balanced forces.", "electromagnetic forces.", "frictional forces."], "label": ["O", "J", "A", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a ball rolls at a constant rate on a flat surface, the motion is due to\nO. gravitational forces.\nJ. balanced forces.\nA. electromagnetic forces.\nK. frictional forces.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2470}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7270060", "question": "Many ways of generating electricity use water. An electrical plant using which energy source changes the temperature of water it uses least?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear power", "hydroelectric power", "natural gas", "coal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many ways of generating electricity use water. An electrical plant using which energy source changes the temperature of water it uses least?\nA. nuclear power\nB. hydroelectric power\nC. natural gas\nD. coal\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many ways of generating electricity use water. An electrical plant using which energy source changes the temperature of water it uses least?", "choices": {"text": ["natural gas", "nuclear power", "hydroelectric power", "coal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many ways of generating electricity use water. An electrical plant using which energy source changes the temperature of water it uses least?\nA. natural gas\nB. nuclear power\nC. hydroelectric power\nD. coal\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many ways of generating electricity use water. An electrical plant using which energy source changes the temperature of water it uses least?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear power", "hydroelectric power", "natural gas", "coal"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many ways of generating electricity use water. An electrical plant using which energy source changes the temperature of water it uses least?\n1. nuclear power\n2. hydroelectric power\n3. natural gas\n4. coal\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many ways of generating electricity use water. An electrical plant using which energy source changes the temperature of water it uses least?", "choices": {"text": ["nuclear power", "hydroelectric power", "natural gas", "coal"], "label": ["D", "O", "V", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many ways of generating electricity use water. An electrical plant using which energy source changes the temperature of water it uses least?\nD. nuclear power\nO. hydroelectric power\nV. natural gas\nF. coal\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many ways of generating electricity use water. An electrical plant using which energy source changes the temperature of water it uses least?", "choices": {"text": ["natural gas", "nuclear power", "hydroelectric power", "coal"], "label": ["D", "O", "V", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many ways of generating electricity use water. An electrical plant using which energy source changes the temperature of water it uses least?\nD. natural gas\nO. nuclear power\nV. hydroelectric power\nF. coal\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2471}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7085190", "question": "Environments have changed over millions of years. Which of these would be best for a scientist to study when investigating these environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic deposits", "weather forecasts", "fossil records", "ocean currents"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Environments have changed over millions of years. Which of these would be best for a scientist to study when investigating these environmental changes?\nA. volcanic deposits\nB. weather forecasts\nC. fossil records\nD. ocean currents\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Environments have changed over millions of years. Which of these would be best for a scientist to study when investigating these environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic deposits", "fossil records", "weather forecasts", "ocean currents"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Environments have changed over millions of years. Which of these would be best for a scientist to study when investigating these environmental changes?\nA. volcanic deposits\nB. fossil records\nC. weather forecasts\nD. ocean currents\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Environments have changed over millions of years. Which of these would be best for a scientist to study when investigating these environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic deposits", "weather forecasts", "fossil records", "ocean currents"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Environments have changed over millions of years. Which of these would be best for a scientist to study when investigating these environmental changes?\n1. volcanic deposits\n2. weather forecasts\n3. fossil records\n4. ocean currents\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Environments have changed over millions of years. Which of these would be best for a scientist to study when investigating these environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic deposits", "weather forecasts", "fossil records", "ocean currents"], "label": ["Y", "F", "U", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Environments have changed over millions of years. Which of these would be best for a scientist to study when investigating these environmental changes?\nY. volcanic deposits\nF. weather forecasts\nU. fossil records\nH. ocean currents\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Environments have changed over millions of years. Which of these would be best for a scientist to study when investigating these environmental changes?", "choices": {"text": ["volcanic deposits", "fossil records", "weather forecasts", "ocean currents"], "label": ["Y", "F", "U", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Environments have changed over millions of years. Which of these would be best for a scientist to study when investigating these environmental changes?\nY. volcanic deposits\nF. fossil records\nU. weather forecasts\nH. ocean currents\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2472}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_4_4", "question": "Benjamin Franklin invented many different things. Among his inventions were bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and a type of iron stove. Which personal quality most likely led to the invention of these things?", "choices": {"text": ["humor", "honesty", "curiosity", "leadership"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Benjamin Franklin invented many different things. Among his inventions were bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and a type of iron stove. Which personal quality most likely led to the invention of these things?\nA. humor\nB. honesty\nC. curiosity\nD. leadership\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Benjamin Franklin invented many different things. Among his inventions were bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and a type of iron stove. Which personal quality most likely led to the invention of these things?", "choices": {"text": ["humor", "leadership", "honesty", "curiosity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Benjamin Franklin invented many different things. Among his inventions were bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and a type of iron stove. Which personal quality most likely led to the invention of these things?\nA. humor\nB. leadership\nC. honesty\nD. curiosity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Benjamin Franklin invented many different things. Among his inventions were bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and a type of iron stove. Which personal quality most likely led to the invention of these things?", "choices": {"text": ["humor", "honesty", "curiosity", "leadership"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Benjamin Franklin invented many different things. Among his inventions were bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and a type of iron stove. Which personal quality most likely led to the invention of these things?\n1. humor\n2. honesty\n3. curiosity\n4. leadership\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Benjamin Franklin invented many different things. Among his inventions were bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and a type of iron stove. Which personal quality most likely led to the invention of these things?", "choices": {"text": ["humor", "honesty", "curiosity", "leadership"], "label": ["N", "O", "H", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Benjamin Franklin invented many different things. Among his inventions were bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and a type of iron stove. Which personal quality most likely led to the invention of these things?\nN. humor\nO. honesty\nH. curiosity\nK. leadership\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Benjamin Franklin invented many different things. Among his inventions were bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and a type of iron stove. Which personal quality most likely led to the invention of these things?", "choices": {"text": ["humor", "leadership", "honesty", "curiosity"], "label": ["N", "O", "H", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Benjamin Franklin invented many different things. Among his inventions were bifocal glasses, the lightning rod, and a type of iron stove. Which personal quality most likely led to the invention of these things?\nN. humor\nO. leadership\nH. honesty\nK. curiosity\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2473}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7213885", "question": "Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to", "choices": {"text": ["fossilization.", "evolution.", "geographic isolation.", "genetic mutations."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to\nA. fossilization.\nB. evolution.\nC. geographic isolation.\nD. genetic mutations.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to", "choices": {"text": ["geographic isolation.", "fossilization.", "evolution.", "genetic mutations."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to\nA. geographic isolation.\nB. fossilization.\nC. evolution.\nD. genetic mutations.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to", "choices": {"text": ["fossilization.", "evolution.", "geographic isolation.", "genetic mutations."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to\n1. fossilization.\n2. evolution.\n3. geographic isolation.\n4. genetic mutations.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to", "choices": {"text": ["fossilization.", "evolution.", "geographic isolation.", "genetic mutations."], "label": ["I", "L", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to\nI. fossilization.\nL. evolution.\nS. geographic isolation.\nR. genetic mutations.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to", "choices": {"text": ["geographic isolation.", "fossilization.", "evolution.", "genetic mutations."], "label": ["I", "L", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Over a long period of time, helpful variations in a species replace the unfavorable ones. This change can lead to\nI. geographic isolation.\nL. fossilization.\nS. evolution.\nR. genetic mutations.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2474}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415425", "question": "Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "nitrogen", "water vapor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?\nA. oxygen\nB. carbon dioxide\nC. nitrogen\nD. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "water vapor", "oxygen", "nitrogen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?\nA. carbon dioxide\nB. water vapor\nC. oxygen\nD. nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "nitrogen", "water vapor"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?\n1. oxygen\n2. carbon dioxide\n3. nitrogen\n4. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "carbon dioxide", "nitrogen", "water vapor"], "label": ["Y", "S", "K", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?\nY. oxygen\nS. carbon dioxide\nK. nitrogen\nF. water vapor\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "water vapor", "oxygen", "nitrogen"], "label": ["Y", "S", "K", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Earth's atmosphere is made of many gases. Which gas do producers use to make food?\nY. carbon dioxide\nS. water vapor\nK. oxygen\nF. nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2475}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7142030", "question": "Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the water", "the number of predators", "the temperature of the water", "the populations of producers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?\nA. the color of the water\nB. the number of predators\nC. the temperature of the water\nD. the populations of producers\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?", "choices": {"text": ["the populations of producers", "the temperature of the water", "the number of predators", "the color of the water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?\nA. the populations of producers\nB. the temperature of the water\nC. the number of predators\nD. the color of the water\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the water", "the number of predators", "the temperature of the water", "the populations of producers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?\n1. the color of the water\n2. the number of predators\n3. the temperature of the water\n4. the populations of producers\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the water", "the number of predators", "the temperature of the water", "the populations of producers"], "label": ["G", "A", "S", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?\nG. the color of the water\nA. the number of predators\nS. the temperature of the water\nB. the populations of producers\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?", "choices": {"text": ["the populations of producers", "the temperature of the water", "the number of predators", "the color of the water"], "label": ["G", "A", "S", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?\nG. the populations of producers\nA. the temperature of the water\nS. the number of predators\nB. the color of the water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2476}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_183733", "question": "To which of the following phenomena do humans contribute the least?", "choices": {"text": ["plate tectonics", "soil erosion", "air pollution", "deforestation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: To which of the following phenomena do humans contribute the least?\nA. plate tectonics\nB. soil erosion\nC. air pollution\nD. deforestation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "To which of the following phenomena do humans contribute the least?", "choices": {"text": ["soil erosion", "deforestation", "air pollution", "plate tectonics"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: To which of the following phenomena do humans contribute the least?\nA. soil erosion\nB. deforestation\nC. air pollution\nD. plate tectonics\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "To which of the following phenomena do humans contribute the least?", "choices": {"text": ["plate tectonics", "soil erosion", "air pollution", "deforestation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: To which of the following phenomena do humans contribute the least?\n1. plate tectonics\n2. soil erosion\n3. air pollution\n4. deforestation\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "To which of the following phenomena do humans contribute the least?", "choices": {"text": ["plate tectonics", "soil erosion", "air pollution", "deforestation"], "label": ["D", "G", "P", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: To which of the following phenomena do humans contribute the least?\nD. plate tectonics\nG. soil erosion\nP. air pollution\nC. deforestation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "To which of the following phenomena do humans contribute the least?", "choices": {"text": ["soil erosion", "deforestation", "air pollution", "plate tectonics"], "label": ["D", "G", "P", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: To which of the following phenomena do humans contribute the least?\nD. soil erosion\nG. deforestation\nP. air pollution\nC. plate tectonics\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2477}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7014070", "question": "When pressure is released along a fault line, the energy produced spreads as mechanical waves in the form of an earthquake. The mechanical waves transferred to the air become", "choices": {"text": ["sound.", "electricity.", "light.", "heat."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When pressure is released along a fault line, the energy produced spreads as mechanical waves in the form of an earthquake. The mechanical waves transferred to the air become\nA. sound.\nB. electricity.\nC. light.\nD. heat.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When pressure is released along a fault line, the energy produced spreads as mechanical waves in the form of an earthquake. The mechanical waves transferred to the air become", "choices": {"text": ["light.", "heat.", "electricity.", "sound."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When pressure is released along a fault line, the energy produced spreads as mechanical waves in the form of an earthquake. The mechanical waves transferred to the air become\nA. light.\nB. heat.\nC. electricity.\nD. sound.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When pressure is released along a fault line, the energy produced spreads as mechanical waves in the form of an earthquake. The mechanical waves transferred to the air become", "choices": {"text": ["sound.", "electricity.", "light.", "heat."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When pressure is released along a fault line, the energy produced spreads as mechanical waves in the form of an earthquake. The mechanical waves transferred to the air become\n1. sound.\n2. electricity.\n3. light.\n4. heat.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When pressure is released along a fault line, the energy produced spreads as mechanical waves in the form of an earthquake. The mechanical waves transferred to the air become", "choices": {"text": ["sound.", "electricity.", "light.", "heat."], "label": ["U", "B", "Q", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When pressure is released along a fault line, the energy produced spreads as mechanical waves in the form of an earthquake. The mechanical waves transferred to the air become\nU. sound.\nB. electricity.\nQ. light.\nD. heat.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When pressure is released along a fault line, the energy produced spreads as mechanical waves in the form of an earthquake. The mechanical waves transferred to the air become", "choices": {"text": ["light.", "heat.", "electricity.", "sound."], "label": ["U", "B", "Q", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When pressure is released along a fault line, the energy produced spreads as mechanical waves in the form of an earthquake. The mechanical waves transferred to the air become\nU. light.\nB. heat.\nQ. electricity.\nD. sound.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2478}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408452", "question": "James recorded a measurement of 3° Celsius. Which tool was James most likely using to measure temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["ruler", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder", "triple-beam balance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: James recorded a measurement of 3° Celsius. Which tool was James most likely using to measure temperature?\nA. ruler\nB. thermometer\nC. graduated cylinder\nD. triple-beam balance\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "James recorded a measurement of 3° Celsius. Which tool was James most likely using to measure temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["ruler", "graduated cylinder", "thermometer", "triple-beam balance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: James recorded a measurement of 3° Celsius. Which tool was James most likely using to measure temperature?\nA. ruler\nB. graduated cylinder\nC. thermometer\nD. triple-beam balance\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "James recorded a measurement of 3° Celsius. Which tool was James most likely using to measure temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["ruler", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder", "triple-beam balance"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: James recorded a measurement of 3° Celsius. Which tool was James most likely using to measure temperature?\n1. ruler\n2. thermometer\n3. graduated cylinder\n4. triple-beam balance\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "James recorded a measurement of 3° Celsius. Which tool was James most likely using to measure temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["ruler", "thermometer", "graduated cylinder", "triple-beam balance"], "label": ["Z", "R", "V", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: James recorded a measurement of 3° Celsius. Which tool was James most likely using to measure temperature?\nZ. ruler\nR. thermometer\nV. graduated cylinder\nF. triple-beam balance\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "James recorded a measurement of 3° Celsius. Which tool was James most likely using to measure temperature?", "choices": {"text": ["ruler", "graduated cylinder", "thermometer", "triple-beam balance"], "label": ["Z", "R", "V", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: James recorded a measurement of 3° Celsius. Which tool was James most likely using to measure temperature?\nZ. ruler\nR. graduated cylinder\nV. thermometer\nF. triple-beam balance\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2479}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_178990", "question": "Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["cytoplasm", "nucleus", "ribosome", "chromatin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?\nA. cytoplasm\nB. nucleus\nC. ribosome\nD. chromatin\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["chromatin", "nucleus", "cytoplasm", "ribosome"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?\nA. chromatin\nB. nucleus\nC. cytoplasm\nD. ribosome\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["cytoplasm", "nucleus", "ribosome", "chromatin"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?\n1. cytoplasm\n2. nucleus\n3. ribosome\n4. chromatin\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["cytoplasm", "nucleus", "ribosome", "chromatin"], "label": ["F", "O", "I", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?\nF. cytoplasm\nO. nucleus\nI. ribosome\nJ. chromatin\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?", "choices": {"text": ["chromatin", "nucleus", "cytoplasm", "ribosome"], "label": ["F", "O", "I", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?\nF. chromatin\nO. nucleus\nI. cytoplasm\nJ. ribosome\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2480}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7027615", "question": "An architect builds a 1/10 scale model of a house to test the design for sources of heat loss in the winter. Which part of the model would be most important to test with heat-sensing equipment?", "choices": {"text": ["floors", "ceilings", "windows", "staircases"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An architect builds a 1/10 scale model of a house to test the design for sources of heat loss in the winter. Which part of the model would be most important to test with heat-sensing equipment?\nA. floors\nB. ceilings\nC. windows\nD. staircases\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An architect builds a 1/10 scale model of a house to test the design for sources of heat loss in the winter. Which part of the model would be most important to test with heat-sensing equipment?", "choices": {"text": ["ceilings", "staircases", "floors", "windows"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An architect builds a 1/10 scale model of a house to test the design for sources of heat loss in the winter. Which part of the model would be most important to test with heat-sensing equipment?\nA. ceilings\nB. staircases\nC. floors\nD. windows\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An architect builds a 1/10 scale model of a house to test the design for sources of heat loss in the winter. Which part of the model would be most important to test with heat-sensing equipment?", "choices": {"text": ["floors", "ceilings", "windows", "staircases"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An architect builds a 1/10 scale model of a house to test the design for sources of heat loss in the winter. Which part of the model would be most important to test with heat-sensing equipment?\n1. floors\n2. ceilings\n3. windows\n4. staircases\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An architect builds a 1/10 scale model of a house to test the design for sources of heat loss in the winter. Which part of the model would be most important to test with heat-sensing equipment?", "choices": {"text": ["floors", "ceilings", "windows", "staircases"], "label": ["H", "J", "Z", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: An architect builds a 1/10 scale model of a house to test the design for sources of heat loss in the winter. Which part of the model would be most important to test with heat-sensing equipment?\nH. floors\nJ. ceilings\nZ. windows\nB. staircases\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An architect builds a 1/10 scale model of a house to test the design for sources of heat loss in the winter. Which part of the model would be most important to test with heat-sensing equipment?", "choices": {"text": ["ceilings", "staircases", "floors", "windows"], "label": ["H", "J", "Z", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: An architect builds a 1/10 scale model of a house to test the design for sources of heat loss in the winter. Which part of the model would be most important to test with heat-sensing equipment?\nH. ceilings\nJ. staircases\nZ. floors\nB. windows\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2481}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10920", "question": "A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "conduction", "radiation", "reflection"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?\nA. convection\nB. conduction\nC. radiation\nD. reflection\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "radiation", "conduction", "reflection"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?\nA. convection\nB. radiation\nC. conduction\nD. reflection\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "conduction", "radiation", "reflection"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?\n1. convection\n2. conduction\n3. radiation\n4. reflection\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "conduction", "radiation", "reflection"], "label": ["A", "J", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?\nA. convection\nJ. conduction\nZ. radiation\nW. reflection\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "radiation", "conduction", "reflection"], "label": ["A", "J", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: A black brick exposed to sunlight becomes warm. How is energy from the Sun transferred to the brick?\nA. convection\nJ. radiation\nZ. conduction\nW. reflection\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2482}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_40", "question": "Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "conduction", "radiation", "evaporation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?\nA. convection\nB. conduction\nC. radiation\nD. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?", "choices": {"text": ["conduction", "convection", "evaporation", "radiation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?\nA. conduction\nB. convection\nC. evaporation\nD. radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "conduction", "radiation", "evaporation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?\n1. convection\n2. conduction\n3. radiation\n4. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?", "choices": {"text": ["convection", "conduction", "radiation", "evaporation"], "label": ["C", "O", "J", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?\nC. convection\nO. conduction\nJ. radiation\nI. evaporation\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?", "choices": {"text": ["conduction", "convection", "evaporation", "radiation"], "label": ["C", "O", "J", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?\nC. conduction\nO. convection\nJ. evaporation\nI. radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2483}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2010_8_1", "question": "Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["fan", "lamp", "radio", "stove"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?\nA. fan\nB. lamp\nC. radio\nD. stove\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["radio", "fan", "stove", "lamp"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?\nA. radio\nB. fan\nC. stove\nD. lamp\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["fan", "lamp", "radio", "stove"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?\n1. fan\n2. lamp\n3. radio\n4. stove\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["fan", "lamp", "radio", "stove"], "label": ["P", "L", "Z", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?\nP. fan\nL. lamp\nZ. radio\nS. stove\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?", "choices": {"text": ["radio", "fan", "stove", "lamp"], "label": ["P", "L", "Z", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Electrical energy may sometimes be converted to mechanical energy. Which of these appliances converts electrical energy into mechanical energy?\nP. radio\nL. fan\nZ. stove\nS. lamp\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2484}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2011_5_14", "question": "A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?", "choices": {"text": ["Balance and graduated cylinder", "Centimeter ruler and thermometer", "Graduated cylinder and centimeter ruler", "Thermometer and balance"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?\nA. Balance and graduated cylinder\nB. Centimeter ruler and thermometer\nC. Graduated cylinder and centimeter ruler\nD. Thermometer and balance\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?", "choices": {"text": ["Thermometer and balance", "Centimeter ruler and thermometer", "Graduated cylinder and centimeter ruler", "Balance and graduated cylinder"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?\nA. Thermometer and balance\nB. Centimeter ruler and thermometer\nC. Graduated cylinder and centimeter ruler\nD. Balance and graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?", "choices": {"text": ["Balance and graduated cylinder", "Centimeter ruler and thermometer", "Graduated cylinder and centimeter ruler", "Thermometer and balance"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?\n1. Balance and graduated cylinder\n2. Centimeter ruler and thermometer\n3. Graduated cylinder and centimeter ruler\n4. Thermometer and balance\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?", "choices": {"text": ["Balance and graduated cylinder", "Centimeter ruler and thermometer", "Graduated cylinder and centimeter ruler", "Thermometer and balance"], "label": ["C", "T", "Z", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?\nC. Balance and graduated cylinder\nT. Centimeter ruler and thermometer\nZ. Graduated cylinder and centimeter ruler\nF. Thermometer and balance\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?", "choices": {"text": ["Thermometer and balance", "Centimeter ruler and thermometer", "Graduated cylinder and centimeter ruler", "Balance and graduated cylinder"], "label": ["C", "T", "Z", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student wants to compare the masses and volumes of three marbles. Which two instruments should be used?\nC. Thermometer and balance\nT. Centimeter ruler and thermometer\nZ. Graduated cylinder and centimeter ruler\nF. Balance and graduated cylinder\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2485}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7168315", "question": "Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory", "reproductive"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?\nA. excretory\nB. circulatory\nC. respiratory\nD. reproductive\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "excretory", "reproductive", "respiratory"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?\nA. circulatory\nB. excretory\nC. reproductive\nD. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory", "reproductive"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?\n1. excretory\n2. circulatory\n3. respiratory\n4. reproductive\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory", "reproductive"], "label": ["Q", "B", "Z", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?\nQ. excretory\nB. circulatory\nZ. respiratory\nN. reproductive\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?", "choices": {"text": ["circulatory", "excretory", "reproductive", "respiratory"], "label": ["Q", "B", "Z", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Humans have a body system that helps to deliver nutrients and hormones, remove excess wastes, and exchange gases. Which body system is most responsible for these functions?\nQ. circulatory\nB. excretory\nZ. reproductive\nN. respiratory\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2486}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400201", "question": "At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?", "choices": {"text": ["boiling point", "freezing point", "transition point", "evaporation point"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?\nA. boiling point\nB. freezing point\nC. transition point\nD. evaporation point\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation point", "transition point", "freezing point", "boiling point"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?\nA. evaporation point\nB. transition point\nC. freezing point\nD. boiling point\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?", "choices": {"text": ["boiling point", "freezing point", "transition point", "evaporation point"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?\n1. boiling point\n2. freezing point\n3. transition point\n4. evaporation point\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?", "choices": {"text": ["boiling point", "freezing point", "transition point", "evaporation point"], "label": ["E", "M", "A", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?\nE. boiling point\nM. freezing point\nA. transition point\nN. evaporation point\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation point", "transition point", "freezing point", "boiling point"], "label": ["E", "M", "A", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: At what temperature does a sample of water most rapidly become a gas?\nE. evaporation point\nM. transition point\nA. freezing point\nN. boiling point\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2487}
{"arc_id": "NAEP_2000_4_S21+2", "question": "Beryl finds a rock and wants to know what kind it is. Which piece of information about the rock will best help her to identify it?", "choices": {"text": ["The size of the rock", "The weight of the rock", "The temperature where the rock was found", "The minerals the rock contains"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beryl finds a rock and wants to know what kind it is. Which piece of information about the rock will best help her to identify it?\nA. The size of the rock\nB. The weight of the rock\nC. The temperature where the rock was found\nD. The minerals the rock contains\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Beryl finds a rock and wants to know what kind it is. Which piece of information about the rock will best help her to identify it?", "choices": {"text": ["The minerals the rock contains", "The size of the rock", "The temperature where the rock was found", "The weight of the rock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beryl finds a rock and wants to know what kind it is. Which piece of information about the rock will best help her to identify it?\nA. The minerals the rock contains\nB. The size of the rock\nC. The temperature where the rock was found\nD. The weight of the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Beryl finds a rock and wants to know what kind it is. Which piece of information about the rock will best help her to identify it?", "choices": {"text": ["The size of the rock", "The weight of the rock", "The temperature where the rock was found", "The minerals the rock contains"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beryl finds a rock and wants to know what kind it is. Which piece of information about the rock will best help her to identify it?\n1. The size of the rock\n2. The weight of the rock\n3. The temperature where the rock was found\n4. The minerals the rock contains\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Beryl finds a rock and wants to know what kind it is. Which piece of information about the rock will best help her to identify it?", "choices": {"text": ["The size of the rock", "The weight of the rock", "The temperature where the rock was found", "The minerals the rock contains"], "label": ["W", "B", "Z", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beryl finds a rock and wants to know what kind it is. Which piece of information about the rock will best help her to identify it?\nW. The size of the rock\nB. The weight of the rock\nZ. The temperature where the rock was found\nM. The minerals the rock contains\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Beryl finds a rock and wants to know what kind it is. Which piece of information about the rock will best help her to identify it?", "choices": {"text": ["The minerals the rock contains", "The size of the rock", "The temperature where the rock was found", "The weight of the rock"], "label": ["W", "B", "Z", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beryl finds a rock and wants to know what kind it is. Which piece of information about the rock will best help her to identify it?\nW. The minerals the rock contains\nB. The size of the rock\nZ. The temperature where the rock was found\nM. The weight of the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2488}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7227763", "question": "What activity must mRNA do in traveling from DNA to protein synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells that does not occur in prokaryotic cells?", "choices": {"text": ["duplicate itself", "break off some of its phosphates to release energy", "cross a membrane", "coil into a compact crystal form"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What activity must mRNA do in traveling from DNA to protein synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells that does not occur in prokaryotic cells?\nA. duplicate itself\nB. break off some of its phosphates to release energy\nC. cross a membrane\nD. coil into a compact crystal form\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What activity must mRNA do in traveling from DNA to protein synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells that does not occur in prokaryotic cells?", "choices": {"text": ["break off some of its phosphates to release energy", "duplicate itself", "coil into a compact crystal form", "cross a membrane"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What activity must mRNA do in traveling from DNA to protein synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells that does not occur in prokaryotic cells?\nA. break off some of its phosphates to release energy\nB. duplicate itself\nC. coil into a compact crystal form\nD. cross a membrane\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What activity must mRNA do in traveling from DNA to protein synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells that does not occur in prokaryotic cells?", "choices": {"text": ["duplicate itself", "break off some of its phosphates to release energy", "cross a membrane", "coil into a compact crystal form"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What activity must mRNA do in traveling from DNA to protein synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells that does not occur in prokaryotic cells?\n1. duplicate itself\n2. break off some of its phosphates to release energy\n3. cross a membrane\n4. coil into a compact crystal form\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What activity must mRNA do in traveling from DNA to protein synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells that does not occur in prokaryotic cells?", "choices": {"text": ["duplicate itself", "break off some of its phosphates to release energy", "cross a membrane", "coil into a compact crystal form"], "label": ["S", "B", "C", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What activity must mRNA do in traveling from DNA to protein synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells that does not occur in prokaryotic cells?\nS. duplicate itself\nB. break off some of its phosphates to release energy\nC. cross a membrane\nT. coil into a compact crystal form\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What activity must mRNA do in traveling from DNA to protein synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells that does not occur in prokaryotic cells?", "choices": {"text": ["break off some of its phosphates to release energy", "duplicate itself", "coil into a compact crystal form", "cross a membrane"], "label": ["S", "B", "C", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What activity must mRNA do in traveling from DNA to protein synthesis sites in eukaryotic cells that does not occur in prokaryotic cells?\nS. break off some of its phosphates to release energy\nB. duplicate itself\nC. coil into a compact crystal form\nT. cross a membrane\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2489}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_8_pg121", "question": "Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?", "choices": {"text": ["white blood cells", "red blood cells", "kidney cells", "lung cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?\nA. white blood cells\nB. red blood cells\nC. kidney cells\nD. lung cells\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?", "choices": {"text": ["red blood cells", "white blood cells", "lung cells", "kidney cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?\nA. red blood cells\nB. white blood cells\nC. lung cells\nD. kidney cells\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?", "choices": {"text": ["white blood cells", "red blood cells", "kidney cells", "lung cells"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?\n1. white blood cells\n2. red blood cells\n3. kidney cells\n4. lung cells\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?", "choices": {"text": ["white blood cells", "red blood cells", "kidney cells", "lung cells"], "label": ["Q", "F", "I", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?\nQ. white blood cells\nF. red blood cells\nI. kidney cells\nO. lung cells\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?", "choices": {"text": ["red blood cells", "white blood cells", "lung cells", "kidney cells"], "label": ["Q", "F", "I", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?\nQ. red blood cells\nF. white blood cells\nI. lung cells\nO. kidney cells\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2490}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7212520", "question": "The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?", "choices": {"text": ["gamma rays", "X-rays", "visible light", "radio waves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?\nA. gamma rays\nB. X-rays\nC. visible light\nD. radio waves\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?", "choices": {"text": ["visible light", "gamma rays", "X-rays", "radio waves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?\nA. visible light\nB. gamma rays\nC. X-rays\nD. radio waves\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?", "choices": {"text": ["gamma rays", "X-rays", "visible light", "radio waves"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?\n1. gamma rays\n2. X-rays\n3. visible light\n4. radio waves\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?", "choices": {"text": ["gamma rays", "X-rays", "visible light", "radio waves"], "label": ["R", "P", "G", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?\nR. gamma rays\nP. X-rays\nG. visible light\nW. radio waves\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?", "choices": {"text": ["visible light", "gamma rays", "X-rays", "radio waves"], "label": ["R", "P", "G", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete range of electromagnetic radiation ranging from radio waves to gamma rays. Which type of radiation in this spectrum is associated with observable colors such as red, green, and blue?\nR. visible light\nP. gamma rays\nG. X-rays\nW. radio waves\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2491}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7168753", "question": "When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["The substance was heated.", "The shape of the substance changed.", "The volume of the substance changed.", "The substance changed into a new substance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?\nA. The substance was heated.\nB. The shape of the substance changed.\nC. The volume of the substance changed.\nD. The substance changed into a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["The substance changed into a new substance.", "The volume of the substance changed.", "The shape of the substance changed.", "The substance was heated."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?\nA. The substance changed into a new substance.\nB. The volume of the substance changed.\nC. The shape of the substance changed.\nD. The substance was heated.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["The substance was heated.", "The shape of the substance changed.", "The volume of the substance changed.", "The substance changed into a new substance."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?\n1. The substance was heated.\n2. The shape of the substance changed.\n3. The volume of the substance changed.\n4. The substance changed into a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["The substance was heated.", "The shape of the substance changed.", "The volume of the substance changed.", "The substance changed into a new substance."], "label": ["G", "X", "Z", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?\nG. The substance was heated.\nX. The shape of the substance changed.\nZ. The volume of the substance changed.\nC. The substance changed into a new substance.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?", "choices": {"text": ["The substance changed into a new substance.", "The volume of the substance changed.", "The shape of the substance changed.", "The substance was heated."], "label": ["G", "X", "Z", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a scientist performs an experiment, there are many changes that can occur. Which observation should she list as a chemical change?\nG. The substance changed into a new substance.\nX. The volume of the substance changed.\nZ. The shape of the substance changed.\nC. The substance was heated.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2492}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_3", "question": "Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?", "choices": {"text": ["beneficial", "competitive", "harmful", "infectious"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?\nA. beneficial\nB. competitive\nC. harmful\nD. infectious\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?", "choices": {"text": ["competitive", "beneficial", "infectious", "harmful"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?\nA. competitive\nB. beneficial\nC. infectious\nD. harmful\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?", "choices": {"text": ["beneficial", "competitive", "harmful", "infectious"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?\n1. beneficial\n2. competitive\n3. harmful\n4. infectious\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?", "choices": {"text": ["beneficial", "competitive", "harmful", "infectious"], "label": ["W", "K", "O", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?\nW. beneficial\nK. competitive\nO. harmful\nY. infectious\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?", "choices": {"text": ["competitive", "beneficial", "infectious", "harmful"], "label": ["W", "K", "O", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of relationship exists when a certain type of tree's roots need a fungus present in order to grow normally?\nW. competitive\nK. beneficial\nO. infectious\nY. harmful\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2493}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7056508", "question": "The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of Earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?", "choices": {"text": ["hot water", "molten rock", "liquid metal", "solid iron"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of Earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?\nA. hot water\nB. molten rock\nC. liquid metal\nD. solid iron\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of Earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?", "choices": {"text": ["solid iron", "liquid metal", "molten rock", "hot water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of Earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?\nA. solid iron\nB. liquid metal\nC. molten rock\nD. hot water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of Earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?", "choices": {"text": ["hot water", "molten rock", "liquid metal", "solid iron"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of Earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?\n1. hot water\n2. molten rock\n3. liquid metal\n4. solid iron\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of Earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?", "choices": {"text": ["hot water", "molten rock", "liquid metal", "solid iron"], "label": ["L", "X", "V", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of Earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?\nL. hot water\nX. molten rock\nV. liquid metal\nE. solid iron\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of Earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?", "choices": {"text": ["solid iron", "liquid metal", "molten rock", "hot water"], "label": ["L", "X", "V", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: The movement of crustal plates results from circulating currents in material beneath the crust of Earth. Which best describes the material which moves the crustal plates?\nL. solid iron\nX. liquid metal\nV. molten rock\nE. hot water\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2494}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2012_8_23647", "question": "Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["The four closest planets are more dense.", "The four closest planets have more moons.", "The four closest planets have greater diameters.", "The four closest planets take longer to complete one orbit."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?\nA. The four closest planets are more dense.\nB. The four closest planets have more moons.\nC. The four closest planets have greater diameters.\nD. The four closest planets take longer to complete one orbit.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["The four closest planets have more moons.", "The four closest planets have greater diameters.", "The four closest planets take longer to complete one orbit.", "The four closest planets are more dense."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?\nA. The four closest planets have more moons.\nB. The four closest planets have greater diameters.\nC. The four closest planets take longer to complete one orbit.\nD. The four closest planets are more dense.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["The four closest planets are more dense.", "The four closest planets have more moons.", "The four closest planets have greater diameters.", "The four closest planets take longer to complete one orbit."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?\n1. The four closest planets are more dense.\n2. The four closest planets have more moons.\n3. The four closest planets have greater diameters.\n4. The four closest planets take longer to complete one orbit.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["The four closest planets are more dense.", "The four closest planets have more moons.", "The four closest planets have greater diameters.", "The four closest planets take longer to complete one orbit."], "label": ["C", "Z", "G", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?\nC. The four closest planets are more dense.\nZ. The four closest planets have more moons.\nG. The four closest planets have greater diameters.\nX. The four closest planets take longer to complete one orbit.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["The four closest planets have more moons.", "The four closest planets have greater diameters.", "The four closest planets take longer to complete one orbit.", "The four closest planets are more dense."], "label": ["C", "Z", "G", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following statements best describes how the four planets closest to the Sun are different from the next four planets in our solar system?\nC. The four closest planets have more moons.\nZ. The four closest planets have greater diameters.\nG. The four closest planets take longer to complete one orbit.\nX. The four closest planets are more dense.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2495}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7081813", "question": "Muscle tissues are made of specialized units called", "choices": {"text": ["organs.", "cells.", "genes.", "organelles."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Muscle tissues are made of specialized units called\nA. organs.\nB. cells.\nC. genes.\nD. organelles.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Muscle tissues are made of specialized units called", "choices": {"text": ["organelles.", "genes.", "organs.", "cells."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Muscle tissues are made of specialized units called\nA. organelles.\nB. genes.\nC. organs.\nD. cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Muscle tissues are made of specialized units called", "choices": {"text": ["organs.", "cells.", "genes.", "organelles."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Muscle tissues are made of specialized units called\n1. organs.\n2. cells.\n3. genes.\n4. organelles.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Muscle tissues are made of specialized units called", "choices": {"text": ["organs.", "cells.", "genes.", "organelles."], "label": ["B", "O", "J", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Muscle tissues are made of specialized units called\nB. organs.\nO. cells.\nJ. genes.\nF. organelles.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Muscle tissues are made of specialized units called", "choices": {"text": ["organelles.", "genes.", "organs.", "cells."], "label": ["B", "O", "J", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Muscle tissues are made of specialized units called\nB. organelles.\nO. genes.\nJ. organs.\nF. cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2496}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7107433", "question": "Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?", "choices": {"text": ["both inherited and acquired traits", "a new combination of traits", "beneficial genetic traits", "a complete set of traits"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?\nA. both inherited and acquired traits\nB. a new combination of traits\nC. beneficial genetic traits\nD. a complete set of traits\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?", "choices": {"text": ["a new combination of traits", "a complete set of traits", "beneficial genetic traits", "both inherited and acquired traits"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?\nA. a new combination of traits\nB. a complete set of traits\nC. beneficial genetic traits\nD. both inherited and acquired traits\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?", "choices": {"text": ["both inherited and acquired traits", "a new combination of traits", "beneficial genetic traits", "a complete set of traits"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?\n1. both inherited and acquired traits\n2. a new combination of traits\n3. beneficial genetic traits\n4. a complete set of traits\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?", "choices": {"text": ["both inherited and acquired traits", "a new combination of traits", "beneficial genetic traits", "a complete set of traits"], "label": ["S", "X", "B", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?\nS. both inherited and acquired traits\nX. a new combination of traits\nB. beneficial genetic traits\nF. a complete set of traits\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?", "choices": {"text": ["a new combination of traits", "a complete set of traits", "beneficial genetic traits", "both inherited and acquired traits"], "label": ["S", "X", "B", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. If one offspring is produced sexually while the other is produced asexually, what will only the sexually produced offspring have?\nS. a new combination of traits\nX. a complete set of traits\nB. beneficial genetic traits\nF. both inherited and acquired traits\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2497}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7090528", "question": "What tool best allows a geologist to study coastal erosion caused by recent hurricanes?", "choices": {"text": ["satellite images", "radar map", "topographic map", "weather charts"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What tool best allows a geologist to study coastal erosion caused by recent hurricanes?\nA. satellite images\nB. radar map\nC. topographic map\nD. weather charts\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What tool best allows a geologist to study coastal erosion caused by recent hurricanes?", "choices": {"text": ["topographic map", "radar map", "weather charts", "satellite images"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What tool best allows a geologist to study coastal erosion caused by recent hurricanes?\nA. topographic map\nB. radar map\nC. weather charts\nD. satellite images\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What tool best allows a geologist to study coastal erosion caused by recent hurricanes?", "choices": {"text": ["satellite images", "radar map", "topographic map", "weather charts"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What tool best allows a geologist to study coastal erosion caused by recent hurricanes?\n1. satellite images\n2. radar map\n3. topographic map\n4. weather charts\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What tool best allows a geologist to study coastal erosion caused by recent hurricanes?", "choices": {"text": ["satellite images", "radar map", "topographic map", "weather charts"], "label": ["Y", "R", "S", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: What tool best allows a geologist to study coastal erosion caused by recent hurricanes?\nY. satellite images\nR. radar map\nS. topographic map\nK. weather charts\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What tool best allows a geologist to study coastal erosion caused by recent hurricanes?", "choices": {"text": ["topographic map", "radar map", "weather charts", "satellite images"], "label": ["Y", "R", "S", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: What tool best allows a geologist to study coastal erosion caused by recent hurricanes?\nY. topographic map\nR. radar map\nS. weather charts\nK. satellite images\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2498}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008400", "question": "The burning of fossil fuels affects the atmosphere by", "choices": {"text": ["adding more heat and carbon dioxide.", "reducing the amount of necessary heat.", "taking water vapor out of the atmosphere.", "putting more oxygen in the atmosphere."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The burning of fossil fuels affects the atmosphere by\nA. adding more heat and carbon dioxide.\nB. reducing the amount of necessary heat.\nC. taking water vapor out of the atmosphere.\nD. putting more oxygen in the atmosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The burning of fossil fuels affects the atmosphere by", "choices": {"text": ["taking water vapor out of the atmosphere.", "adding more heat and carbon dioxide.", "reducing the amount of necessary heat.", "putting more oxygen in the atmosphere."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The burning of fossil fuels affects the atmosphere by\nA. taking water vapor out of the atmosphere.\nB. adding more heat and carbon dioxide.\nC. reducing the amount of necessary heat.\nD. putting more oxygen in the atmosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The burning of fossil fuels affects the atmosphere by", "choices": {"text": ["adding more heat and carbon dioxide.", "reducing the amount of necessary heat.", "taking water vapor out of the atmosphere.", "putting more oxygen in the atmosphere."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The burning of fossil fuels affects the atmosphere by\n1. adding more heat and carbon dioxide.\n2. reducing the amount of necessary heat.\n3. taking water vapor out of the atmosphere.\n4. putting more oxygen in the atmosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The burning of fossil fuels affects the atmosphere by", "choices": {"text": ["adding more heat and carbon dioxide.", "reducing the amount of necessary heat.", "taking water vapor out of the atmosphere.", "putting more oxygen in the atmosphere."], "label": ["X", "L", "B", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: The burning of fossil fuels affects the atmosphere by\nX. adding more heat and carbon dioxide.\nL. reducing the amount of necessary heat.\nB. taking water vapor out of the atmosphere.\nF. putting more oxygen in the atmosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The burning of fossil fuels affects the atmosphere by", "choices": {"text": ["taking water vapor out of the atmosphere.", "adding more heat and carbon dioxide.", "reducing the amount of necessary heat.", "putting more oxygen in the atmosphere."], "label": ["X", "L", "B", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: The burning of fossil fuels affects the atmosphere by\nX. taking water vapor out of the atmosphere.\nL. adding more heat and carbon dioxide.\nB. reducing the amount of necessary heat.\nF. putting more oxygen in the atmosphere.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2499}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_3", "question": "The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "light", "force", "weather"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as\nA. friction\nB. light\nC. force\nD. weather\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as", "choices": {"text": ["light", "weather", "force", "friction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as\nA. light\nB. weather\nC. force\nD. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "light", "force", "weather"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as\n1. friction\n2. light\n3. force\n4. weather\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "light", "force", "weather"], "label": ["O", "B", "A", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as\nO. friction\nB. light\nA. force\nJ. weather\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as", "choices": {"text": ["light", "weather", "force", "friction"], "label": ["O", "B", "A", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: The condition of the air outdoors at a certain time of day is known as\nO. light\nB. weather\nA. force\nJ. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2500}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7176190", "question": "The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role of the deposited minerals in the flood plain ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a trophic level", "a limiting factor", "a territorial boundary", "a food-chain component"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role of the deposited minerals in the flood plain ecosystem?\nA. a trophic level\nB. a limiting factor\nC. a territorial boundary\nD. a food-chain component\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role of the deposited minerals in the flood plain ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a territorial boundary", "a trophic level", "a food-chain component", "a limiting factor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role of the deposited minerals in the flood plain ecosystem?\nA. a territorial boundary\nB. a trophic level\nC. a food-chain component\nD. a limiting factor\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role of the deposited minerals in the flood plain ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a trophic level", "a limiting factor", "a territorial boundary", "a food-chain component"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role of the deposited minerals in the flood plain ecosystem?\n1. a trophic level\n2. a limiting factor\n3. a territorial boundary\n4. a food-chain component\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role of the deposited minerals in the flood plain ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a trophic level", "a limiting factor", "a territorial boundary", "a food-chain component"], "label": ["E", "Q", "Z", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role of the deposited minerals in the flood plain ecosystem?\nE. a trophic level\nQ. a limiting factor\nZ. a territorial boundary\nU. a food-chain component\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role of the deposited minerals in the flood plain ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a territorial boundary", "a trophic level", "a food-chain component", "a limiting factor"], "label": ["E", "Q", "Z", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role of the deposited minerals in the flood plain ecosystem?\nE. a territorial boundary\nQ. a trophic level\nZ. a food-chain component\nU. a limiting factor\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2501}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7135433", "question": "Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?", "choices": {"text": ["more carbon dioxide", "more nitrogen", "more oxygen", "more water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?\nA. more carbon dioxide\nB. more nitrogen\nC. more oxygen\nD. more water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?", "choices": {"text": ["more carbon dioxide", "more oxygen", "more water", "more nitrogen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?\nA. more carbon dioxide\nB. more oxygen\nC. more water\nD. more nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?", "choices": {"text": ["more carbon dioxide", "more nitrogen", "more oxygen", "more water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?\n1. more carbon dioxide\n2. more nitrogen\n3. more oxygen\n4. more water\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?", "choices": {"text": ["more carbon dioxide", "more nitrogen", "more oxygen", "more water"], "label": ["R", "J", "K", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?\nR. more carbon dioxide\nJ. more nitrogen\nK. more oxygen\nN. more water\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?", "choices": {"text": ["more carbon dioxide", "more oxygen", "more water", "more nitrogen"], "label": ["R", "J", "K", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sheila ran around a track four times. She felt the need to breathe harder and faster. What were her muscles requiring?\nR. more carbon dioxide\nJ. more oxygen\nK. more water\nN. more nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2502}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7030678", "question": "In an energy pyramid, the total energy available for consumption from one trophic level to the next one above it is", "choices": {"text": ["reduced.", "conserved.", "multiplied.", "evenly distributed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an energy pyramid, the total energy available for consumption from one trophic level to the next one above it is\nA. reduced.\nB. conserved.\nC. multiplied.\nD. evenly distributed.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In an energy pyramid, the total energy available for consumption from one trophic level to the next one above it is", "choices": {"text": ["conserved.", "multiplied.", "evenly distributed.", "reduced."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an energy pyramid, the total energy available for consumption from one trophic level to the next one above it is\nA. conserved.\nB. multiplied.\nC. evenly distributed.\nD. reduced.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In an energy pyramid, the total energy available for consumption from one trophic level to the next one above it is", "choices": {"text": ["reduced.", "conserved.", "multiplied.", "evenly distributed."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an energy pyramid, the total energy available for consumption from one trophic level to the next one above it is\n1. reduced.\n2. conserved.\n3. multiplied.\n4. evenly distributed.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an energy pyramid, the total energy available for consumption from one trophic level to the next one above it is", "choices": {"text": ["reduced.", "conserved.", "multiplied.", "evenly distributed."], "label": ["Z", "C", "O", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an energy pyramid, the total energy available for consumption from one trophic level to the next one above it is\nZ. reduced.\nC. conserved.\nO. multiplied.\nU. evenly distributed.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an energy pyramid, the total energy available for consumption from one trophic level to the next one above it is", "choices": {"text": ["conserved.", "multiplied.", "evenly distributed.", "reduced."], "label": ["Z", "C", "O", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an energy pyramid, the total energy available for consumption from one trophic level to the next one above it is\nZ. conserved.\nC. multiplied.\nO. evenly distributed.\nU. reduced.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2503}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2003_5_35", "question": "Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["the presence of fleas in its fur", "the color of its fur", "the ability to sit up and beg", "the habit of barking to go outside"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?\nA. the presence of fleas in its fur\nB. the color of its fur\nC. the ability to sit up and beg\nD. the habit of barking to go outside\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["the ability to sit up and beg", "the habit of barking to go outside", "the presence of fleas in its fur", "the color of its fur"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?\nA. the ability to sit up and beg\nB. the habit of barking to go outside\nC. the presence of fleas in its fur\nD. the color of its fur\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["the presence of fleas in its fur", "the color of its fur", "the ability to sit up and beg", "the habit of barking to go outside"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?\n1. the presence of fleas in its fur\n2. the color of its fur\n3. the ability to sit up and beg\n4. the habit of barking to go outside\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["the presence of fleas in its fur", "the color of its fur", "the ability to sit up and beg", "the habit of barking to go outside"], "label": ["H", "N", "Y", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?\nH. the presence of fleas in its fur\nN. the color of its fur\nY. the ability to sit up and beg\nL. the habit of barking to go outside\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?", "choices": {"text": ["the ability to sit up and beg", "the habit of barking to go outside", "the presence of fleas in its fur", "the color of its fur"], "label": ["H", "N", "Y", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?\nH. the ability to sit up and beg\nN. the habit of barking to go outside\nY. the presence of fleas in its fur\nL. the color of its fur\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2504}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402280", "question": "Students on a field trip discovered fossilized shark teeth on the side of a cliff. Which conclusion can best be made about the history of the area?", "choices": {"text": ["It was once a hot desert.", "It was once a shallow sea.", "It was once part of a glacier.", "It was once part of a rain forest."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students on a field trip discovered fossilized shark teeth on the side of a cliff. Which conclusion can best be made about the history of the area?\nA. It was once a hot desert.\nB. It was once a shallow sea.\nC. It was once part of a glacier.\nD. It was once part of a rain forest.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students on a field trip discovered fossilized shark teeth on the side of a cliff. Which conclusion can best be made about the history of the area?", "choices": {"text": ["It was once part of a glacier.", "It was once a hot desert.", "It was once part of a rain forest.", "It was once a shallow sea."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students on a field trip discovered fossilized shark teeth on the side of a cliff. Which conclusion can best be made about the history of the area?\nA. It was once part of a glacier.\nB. It was once a hot desert.\nC. It was once part of a rain forest.\nD. It was once a shallow sea.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students on a field trip discovered fossilized shark teeth on the side of a cliff. Which conclusion can best be made about the history of the area?", "choices": {"text": ["It was once a hot desert.", "It was once a shallow sea.", "It was once part of a glacier.", "It was once part of a rain forest."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students on a field trip discovered fossilized shark teeth on the side of a cliff. Which conclusion can best be made about the history of the area?\n1. It was once a hot desert.\n2. It was once a shallow sea.\n3. It was once part of a glacier.\n4. It was once part of a rain forest.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students on a field trip discovered fossilized shark teeth on the side of a cliff. Which conclusion can best be made about the history of the area?", "choices": {"text": ["It was once a hot desert.", "It was once a shallow sea.", "It was once part of a glacier.", "It was once part of a rain forest."], "label": ["V", "M", "P", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students on a field trip discovered fossilized shark teeth on the side of a cliff. Which conclusion can best be made about the history of the area?\nV. It was once a hot desert.\nM. It was once a shallow sea.\nP. It was once part of a glacier.\nH. It was once part of a rain forest.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students on a field trip discovered fossilized shark teeth on the side of a cliff. Which conclusion can best be made about the history of the area?", "choices": {"text": ["It was once part of a glacier.", "It was once a hot desert.", "It was once part of a rain forest.", "It was once a shallow sea."], "label": ["V", "M", "P", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students on a field trip discovered fossilized shark teeth on the side of a cliff. Which conclusion can best be made about the history of the area?\nV. It was once part of a glacier.\nM. It was once a hot desert.\nP. It was once part of a rain forest.\nH. It was once a shallow sea.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2505}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7223475", "question": "A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that", "choices": {"text": ["only a physical change occurred.", "a chemical change occurred.", "only a loss of mass occurred.", "the formation of an element occurred."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that\nA. only a physical change occurred.\nB. a chemical change occurred.\nC. only a loss of mass occurred.\nD. the formation of an element occurred.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that", "choices": {"text": ["a chemical change occurred.", "only a loss of mass occurred.", "the formation of an element occurred.", "only a physical change occurred."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that\nA. a chemical change occurred.\nB. only a loss of mass occurred.\nC. the formation of an element occurred.\nD. only a physical change occurred.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that", "choices": {"text": ["only a physical change occurred.", "a chemical change occurred.", "only a loss of mass occurred.", "the formation of an element occurred."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that\n1. only a physical change occurred.\n2. a chemical change occurred.\n3. only a loss of mass occurred.\n4. the formation of an element occurred.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that", "choices": {"text": ["only a physical change occurred.", "a chemical change occurred.", "only a loss of mass occurred.", "the formation of an element occurred."], "label": ["Q", "V", "K", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that\nQ. only a physical change occurred.\nV. a chemical change occurred.\nK. only a loss of mass occurred.\nP. the formation of an element occurred.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that", "choices": {"text": ["a chemical change occurred.", "only a loss of mass occurred.", "the formation of an element occurred.", "only a physical change occurred."], "label": ["Q", "V", "K", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student placed a small chip of limestone into a hydrochloric acid solution, and carbon dioxide gas was released. The carbon dioxide provided evidence that\nQ. a chemical change occurred.\nV. only a loss of mass occurred.\nK. the formation of an element occurred.\nP. only a physical change occurred.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2506}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416172", "question": "What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?", "choices": {"text": ["liver", "stomach", "brain", "skin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?\nA. liver\nB. stomach\nC. brain\nD. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?", "choices": {"text": ["skin", "liver", "stomach", "brain"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?\nA. skin\nB. liver\nC. stomach\nD. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?", "choices": {"text": ["liver", "stomach", "brain", "skin"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?\n1. liver\n2. stomach\n3. brain\n4. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?", "choices": {"text": ["liver", "stomach", "brain", "skin"], "label": ["X", "B", "M", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?\nX. liver\nB. stomach\nM. brain\nY. skin\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?", "choices": {"text": ["skin", "liver", "stomach", "brain"], "label": ["X", "B", "M", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the body's first layer of defense against germs?\nX. skin\nB. liver\nM. stomach\nY. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2507}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7056945", "question": "Which of these best describes a species?", "choices": {"text": ["organisms that are similar in appearance", "organisms that adapt to similar environments", "organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring", "organisms that live together in the same area"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes a species?\nA. organisms that are similar in appearance\nB. organisms that adapt to similar environments\nC. organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring\nD. organisms that live together in the same area\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes a species?", "choices": {"text": ["organisms that are similar in appearance", "organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring", "organisms that live together in the same area", "organisms that adapt to similar environments"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes a species?\nA. organisms that are similar in appearance\nB. organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring\nC. organisms that live together in the same area\nD. organisms that adapt to similar environments\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes a species?", "choices": {"text": ["organisms that are similar in appearance", "organisms that adapt to similar environments", "organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring", "organisms that live together in the same area"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes a species?\n1. organisms that are similar in appearance\n2. organisms that adapt to similar environments\n3. organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring\n4. organisms that live together in the same area\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes a species?", "choices": {"text": ["organisms that are similar in appearance", "organisms that adapt to similar environments", "organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring", "organisms that live together in the same area"], "label": ["L", "W", "U", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes a species?\nL. organisms that are similar in appearance\nW. organisms that adapt to similar environments\nU. organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring\nC. organisms that live together in the same area\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best describes a species?", "choices": {"text": ["organisms that are similar in appearance", "organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring", "organisms that live together in the same area", "organisms that adapt to similar environments"], "label": ["L", "W", "U", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best describes a species?\nL. organisms that are similar in appearance\nW. organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring\nU. organisms that live together in the same area\nC. organisms that adapt to similar environments\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2508}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405887", "question": "Scientists go to a lake once a month to take samples of water. They are most likely studying the", "choices": {"text": ["number of fish.", "depth of the lake.", "quality of the water.", "speed of the water."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists go to a lake once a month to take samples of water. They are most likely studying the\nA. number of fish.\nB. depth of the lake.\nC. quality of the water.\nD. speed of the water.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists go to a lake once a month to take samples of water. They are most likely studying the", "choices": {"text": ["quality of the water.", "speed of the water.", "number of fish.", "depth of the lake."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists go to a lake once a month to take samples of water. They are most likely studying the\nA. quality of the water.\nB. speed of the water.\nC. number of fish.\nD. depth of the lake.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists go to a lake once a month to take samples of water. They are most likely studying the", "choices": {"text": ["number of fish.", "depth of the lake.", "quality of the water.", "speed of the water."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists go to a lake once a month to take samples of water. They are most likely studying the\n1. number of fish.\n2. depth of the lake.\n3. quality of the water.\n4. speed of the water.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists go to a lake once a month to take samples of water. They are most likely studying the", "choices": {"text": ["number of fish.", "depth of the lake.", "quality of the water.", "speed of the water."], "label": ["H", "G", "U", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists go to a lake once a month to take samples of water. They are most likely studying the\nH. number of fish.\nG. depth of the lake.\nU. quality of the water.\nT. speed of the water.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists go to a lake once a month to take samples of water. They are most likely studying the", "choices": {"text": ["quality of the water.", "speed of the water.", "number of fish.", "depth of the lake."], "label": ["H", "G", "U", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists go to a lake once a month to take samples of water. They are most likely studying the\nH. quality of the water.\nG. speed of the water.\nU. number of fish.\nT. depth of the lake.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2509}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2013_5_29396", "question": "Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?", "choices": {"text": ["bare wire, plastic rod, battery", "bare wire, iron rod, light bulb", "insulated wire, iron rod, battery", "insulated wire, plastic rod, light bulb"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?\nA. bare wire, plastic rod, battery\nB. bare wire, iron rod, light bulb\nC. insulated wire, iron rod, battery\nD. insulated wire, plastic rod, light bulb\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?", "choices": {"text": ["insulated wire, iron rod, battery", "insulated wire, plastic rod, light bulb", "bare wire, plastic rod, battery", "bare wire, iron rod, light bulb"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?\nA. insulated wire, iron rod, battery\nB. insulated wire, plastic rod, light bulb\nC. bare wire, plastic rod, battery\nD. bare wire, iron rod, light bulb\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?", "choices": {"text": ["bare wire, plastic rod, battery", "bare wire, iron rod, light bulb", "insulated wire, iron rod, battery", "insulated wire, plastic rod, light bulb"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?\n1. bare wire, plastic rod, battery\n2. bare wire, iron rod, light bulb\n3. insulated wire, iron rod, battery\n4. insulated wire, plastic rod, light bulb\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?", "choices": {"text": ["bare wire, plastic rod, battery", "bare wire, iron rod, light bulb", "insulated wire, iron rod, battery", "insulated wire, plastic rod, light bulb"], "label": ["F", "I", "R", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?\nF. bare wire, plastic rod, battery\nI. bare wire, iron rod, light bulb\nR. insulated wire, iron rod, battery\nP. insulated wire, plastic rod, light bulb\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?", "choices": {"text": ["insulated wire, iron rod, battery", "insulated wire, plastic rod, light bulb", "bare wire, plastic rod, battery", "bare wire, iron rod, light bulb"], "label": ["F", "I", "R", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following groups of materials would most likely be used to build an electromagnet?\nF. insulated wire, iron rod, battery\nI. insulated wire, plastic rod, light bulb\nR. bare wire, plastic rod, battery\nP. bare wire, iron rod, light bulb\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2510}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7001785", "question": "The barred owl has been moving into the habitat of the spotted owl. This could lead to a reduction in the spotted owl population if the", "choices": {"text": ["two owl species cannot interbreed.", "barred owl is a secondary consumer.", "barred owl is better adapted to habitat changes.", "spotted owl is dependent on local producers."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The barred owl has been moving into the habitat of the spotted owl. This could lead to a reduction in the spotted owl population if the\nA. two owl species cannot interbreed.\nB. barred owl is a secondary consumer.\nC. barred owl is better adapted to habitat changes.\nD. spotted owl is dependent on local producers.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The barred owl has been moving into the habitat of the spotted owl. This could lead to a reduction in the spotted owl population if the", "choices": {"text": ["barred owl is better adapted to habitat changes.", "two owl species cannot interbreed.", "spotted owl is dependent on local producers.", "barred owl is a secondary consumer."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The barred owl has been moving into the habitat of the spotted owl. This could lead to a reduction in the spotted owl population if the\nA. barred owl is better adapted to habitat changes.\nB. two owl species cannot interbreed.\nC. spotted owl is dependent on local producers.\nD. barred owl is a secondary consumer.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The barred owl has been moving into the habitat of the spotted owl. This could lead to a reduction in the spotted owl population if the", "choices": {"text": ["two owl species cannot interbreed.", "barred owl is a secondary consumer.", "barred owl is better adapted to habitat changes.", "spotted owl is dependent on local producers."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The barred owl has been moving into the habitat of the spotted owl. This could lead to a reduction in the spotted owl population if the\n1. two owl species cannot interbreed.\n2. barred owl is a secondary consumer.\n3. barred owl is better adapted to habitat changes.\n4. spotted owl is dependent on local producers.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The barred owl has been moving into the habitat of the spotted owl. This could lead to a reduction in the spotted owl population if the", "choices": {"text": ["two owl species cannot interbreed.", "barred owl is a secondary consumer.", "barred owl is better adapted to habitat changes.", "spotted owl is dependent on local producers."], "label": ["D", "M", "X", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The barred owl has been moving into the habitat of the spotted owl. This could lead to a reduction in the spotted owl population if the\nD. two owl species cannot interbreed.\nM. barred owl is a secondary consumer.\nX. barred owl is better adapted to habitat changes.\nW. spotted owl is dependent on local producers.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The barred owl has been moving into the habitat of the spotted owl. This could lead to a reduction in the spotted owl population if the", "choices": {"text": ["barred owl is better adapted to habitat changes.", "two owl species cannot interbreed.", "spotted owl is dependent on local producers.", "barred owl is a secondary consumer."], "label": ["D", "M", "X", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The barred owl has been moving into the habitat of the spotted owl. This could lead to a reduction in the spotted owl population if the\nD. barred owl is better adapted to habitat changes.\nM. two owl species cannot interbreed.\nX. spotted owl is dependent on local producers.\nW. barred owl is a secondary consumer.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2511}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7012775", "question": "Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with", "choices": {"text": ["polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes.", "tuberculosis."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with\nA. polio.\nB. stroke.\nC. diabetes.\nD. tuberculosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with", "choices": {"text": ["tuberculosis.", "polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with\nA. tuberculosis.\nB. polio.\nC. stroke.\nD. diabetes.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with", "choices": {"text": ["polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes.", "tuberculosis."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with\n1. polio.\n2. stroke.\n3. diabetes.\n4. tuberculosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with", "choices": {"text": ["polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes.", "tuberculosis."], "label": ["L", "R", "S", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with\nL. polio.\nR. stroke.\nS. diabetes.\nA. tuberculosis.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with", "choices": {"text": ["tuberculosis.", "polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes."], "label": ["L", "R", "S", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with\nL. tuberculosis.\nR. polio.\nS. stroke.\nA. diabetes.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2512}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7221883", "question": "What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?", "choices": {"text": ["electron", "molecule", "neutron", "atom"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?\nA. electron\nB. molecule\nC. neutron\nD. atom\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?", "choices": {"text": ["neutron", "atom", "electron", "molecule"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?\nA. neutron\nB. atom\nC. electron\nD. molecule\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?", "choices": {"text": ["electron", "molecule", "neutron", "atom"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?\n1. electron\n2. molecule\n3. neutron\n4. atom\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?", "choices": {"text": ["electron", "molecule", "neutron", "atom"], "label": ["L", "J", "F", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?\nL. electron\nJ. molecule\nF. neutron\nA. atom\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?", "choices": {"text": ["neutron", "atom", "electron", "molecule"], "label": ["L", "J", "F", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?\nL. neutron\nJ. atom\nF. electron\nA. molecule\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2513}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_27", "question": "A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to", "choices": {"text": ["avoid predators", "obtain food", "make a shelter", "regulate its body heat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to\nA. avoid predators\nB. obtain food\nC. make a shelter\nD. regulate its body heat\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to", "choices": {"text": ["obtain food", "regulate its body heat", "avoid predators", "make a shelter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to\nA. obtain food\nB. regulate its body heat\nC. avoid predators\nD. make a shelter\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to", "choices": {"text": ["avoid predators", "obtain food", "make a shelter", "regulate its body heat"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to\n1. avoid predators\n2. obtain food\n3. make a shelter\n4. regulate its body heat\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to", "choices": {"text": ["avoid predators", "obtain food", "make a shelter", "regulate its body heat"], "label": ["V", "P", "Q", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to\nV. avoid predators\nP. obtain food\nQ. make a shelter\nM. regulate its body heat\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to", "choices": {"text": ["obtain food", "regulate its body heat", "avoid predators", "make a shelter"], "label": ["V", "P", "Q", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to\nV. obtain food\nP. regulate its body heat\nQ. avoid predators\nM. make a shelter\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2514}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_179533", "question": "Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?", "choices": {"text": ["diabetes", "cystic fibrosis", "hemophilia", "albinism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?\nA. diabetes\nB. cystic fibrosis\nC. hemophilia\nD. albinism\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?", "choices": {"text": ["albinism", "hemophilia", "diabetes", "cystic fibrosis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?\nA. albinism\nB. hemophilia\nC. diabetes\nD. cystic fibrosis\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?", "choices": {"text": ["diabetes", "cystic fibrosis", "hemophilia", "albinism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?\n1. diabetes\n2. cystic fibrosis\n3. hemophilia\n4. albinism\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?", "choices": {"text": ["diabetes", "cystic fibrosis", "hemophilia", "albinism"], "label": ["W", "P", "F", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?\nW. diabetes\nP. cystic fibrosis\nF. hemophilia\nI. albinism\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?", "choices": {"text": ["albinism", "hemophilia", "diabetes", "cystic fibrosis"], "label": ["W", "P", "F", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is an example of sex-linked inheritance?\nW. albinism\nP. hemophilia\nF. diabetes\nI. cystic fibrosis\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2515}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_23", "question": "Volcanic eruptions are caused primarily by the movement of", "choices": {"text": ["rock by erosion", "Earth in its orbit", "planetary winds", "tectonic plates"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volcanic eruptions are caused primarily by the movement of\nA. rock by erosion\nB. Earth in its orbit\nC. planetary winds\nD. tectonic plates\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Volcanic eruptions are caused primarily by the movement of", "choices": {"text": ["tectonic plates", "rock by erosion", "planetary winds", "Earth in its orbit"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volcanic eruptions are caused primarily by the movement of\nA. tectonic plates\nB. rock by erosion\nC. planetary winds\nD. Earth in its orbit\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Volcanic eruptions are caused primarily by the movement of", "choices": {"text": ["rock by erosion", "Earth in its orbit", "planetary winds", "tectonic plates"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volcanic eruptions are caused primarily by the movement of\n1. rock by erosion\n2. Earth in its orbit\n3. planetary winds\n4. tectonic plates\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Volcanic eruptions are caused primarily by the movement of", "choices": {"text": ["rock by erosion", "Earth in its orbit", "planetary winds", "tectonic plates"], "label": ["Z", "Q", "L", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volcanic eruptions are caused primarily by the movement of\nZ. rock by erosion\nQ. Earth in its orbit\nL. planetary winds\nJ. tectonic plates\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Volcanic eruptions are caused primarily by the movement of", "choices": {"text": ["tectonic plates", "rock by erosion", "planetary winds", "Earth in its orbit"], "label": ["Z", "Q", "L", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Volcanic eruptions are caused primarily by the movement of\nZ. tectonic plates\nQ. rock by erosion\nL. planetary winds\nJ. Earth in its orbit\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2516}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7110933", "question": "Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?", "choices": {"text": ["It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.", "It allows laboratories to practice science.", "It creates more job opportunities for scientists.", "It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?\nA. It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.\nB. It allows laboratories to practice science.\nC. It creates more job opportunities for scientists.\nD. It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?", "choices": {"text": ["It allows laboratories to practice science.", "It creates more job opportunities for scientists.", "It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.", "It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?\nA. It allows laboratories to practice science.\nB. It creates more job opportunities for scientists.\nC. It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.\nD. It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?", "choices": {"text": ["It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.", "It allows laboratories to practice science.", "It creates more job opportunities for scientists.", "It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?\n1. It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.\n2. It allows laboratories to practice science.\n3. It creates more job opportunities for scientists.\n4. It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?", "choices": {"text": ["It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.", "It allows laboratories to practice science.", "It creates more job opportunities for scientists.", "It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena."], "label": ["I", "C", "T", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?\nI. It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.\nC. It allows laboratories to practice science.\nT. It creates more job opportunities for scientists.\nL. It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?", "choices": {"text": ["It allows laboratories to practice science.", "It creates more job opportunities for scientists.", "It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.", "It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena."], "label": ["I", "C", "T", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?\nI. It allows laboratories to practice science.\nC. It creates more job opportunities for scientists.\nT. It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.\nL. It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2517}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7227728", "question": "A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules best indicates that the cell", "choices": {"text": ["is part of a multicellular organism.", "is prokaryotic.", "performs sexual reproduction.", "is eukaryotic."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules best indicates that the cell\nA. is part of a multicellular organism.\nB. is prokaryotic.\nC. performs sexual reproduction.\nD. is eukaryotic.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules best indicates that the cell", "choices": {"text": ["performs sexual reproduction.", "is eukaryotic.", "is prokaryotic.", "is part of a multicellular organism."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules best indicates that the cell\nA. performs sexual reproduction.\nB. is eukaryotic.\nC. is prokaryotic.\nD. is part of a multicellular organism.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules best indicates that the cell", "choices": {"text": ["is part of a multicellular organism.", "is prokaryotic.", "performs sexual reproduction.", "is eukaryotic."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules best indicates that the cell\n1. is part of a multicellular organism.\n2. is prokaryotic.\n3. performs sexual reproduction.\n4. is eukaryotic.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules best indicates that the cell", "choices": {"text": ["is part of a multicellular organism.", "is prokaryotic.", "performs sexual reproduction.", "is eukaryotic."], "label": ["V", "I", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules best indicates that the cell\nV. is part of a multicellular organism.\nI. is prokaryotic.\nP. performs sexual reproduction.\nG. is eukaryotic.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules best indicates that the cell", "choices": {"text": ["performs sexual reproduction.", "is eukaryotic.", "is prokaryotic.", "is part of a multicellular organism."], "label": ["V", "I", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cell releases energy from storage molecules on the inner surface of the membrane that surrounds the cell. The location of these molecules best indicates that the cell\nV. performs sexual reproduction.\nI. is eukaryotic.\nP. is prokaryotic.\nG. is part of a multicellular organism.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2518}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7220500", "question": "One substance found on Earth is more stable as an elemental gas than as part of a solid compound. As a result, this substance is very abundant in the atmosphere. Which substance exhibits these traits?", "choices": {"text": ["argon", "chlorine", "nitrogen", "oxygen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One substance found on Earth is more stable as an elemental gas than as part of a solid compound. As a result, this substance is very abundant in the atmosphere. Which substance exhibits these traits?\nA. argon\nB. chlorine\nC. nitrogen\nD. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One substance found on Earth is more stable as an elemental gas than as part of a solid compound. As a result, this substance is very abundant in the atmosphere. Which substance exhibits these traits?", "choices": {"text": ["chlorine", "argon", "oxygen", "nitrogen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One substance found on Earth is more stable as an elemental gas than as part of a solid compound. As a result, this substance is very abundant in the atmosphere. Which substance exhibits these traits?\nA. chlorine\nB. argon\nC. oxygen\nD. nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One substance found on Earth is more stable as an elemental gas than as part of a solid compound. As a result, this substance is very abundant in the atmosphere. Which substance exhibits these traits?", "choices": {"text": ["argon", "chlorine", "nitrogen", "oxygen"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One substance found on Earth is more stable as an elemental gas than as part of a solid compound. As a result, this substance is very abundant in the atmosphere. Which substance exhibits these traits?\n1. argon\n2. chlorine\n3. nitrogen\n4. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One substance found on Earth is more stable as an elemental gas than as part of a solid compound. As a result, this substance is very abundant in the atmosphere. Which substance exhibits these traits?", "choices": {"text": ["argon", "chlorine", "nitrogen", "oxygen"], "label": ["L", "N", "Y", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: One substance found on Earth is more stable as an elemental gas than as part of a solid compound. As a result, this substance is very abundant in the atmosphere. Which substance exhibits these traits?\nL. argon\nN. chlorine\nY. nitrogen\nP. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One substance found on Earth is more stable as an elemental gas than as part of a solid compound. As a result, this substance is very abundant in the atmosphere. Which substance exhibits these traits?", "choices": {"text": ["chlorine", "argon", "oxygen", "nitrogen"], "label": ["L", "N", "Y", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: One substance found on Earth is more stable as an elemental gas than as part of a solid compound. As a result, this substance is very abundant in the atmosphere. Which substance exhibits these traits?\nL. chlorine\nN. argon\nY. oxygen\nP. nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2519}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_11", "question": "Which property of an object determines how well it conducts electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the object", "the mass of the object", "how fast the object sinks in water", "the material that the object is made of"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property of an object determines how well it conducts electricity?\nA. the color of the object\nB. the mass of the object\nC. how fast the object sinks in water\nD. the material that the object is made of\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property of an object determines how well it conducts electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the object", "the mass of the object", "the material that the object is made of", "how fast the object sinks in water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property of an object determines how well it conducts electricity?\nA. the color of the object\nB. the mass of the object\nC. the material that the object is made of\nD. how fast the object sinks in water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property of an object determines how well it conducts electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the object", "the mass of the object", "how fast the object sinks in water", "the material that the object is made of"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property of an object determines how well it conducts electricity?\n1. the color of the object\n2. the mass of the object\n3. how fast the object sinks in water\n4. the material that the object is made of\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property of an object determines how well it conducts electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the object", "the mass of the object", "how fast the object sinks in water", "the material that the object is made of"], "label": ["A", "L", "S", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property of an object determines how well it conducts electricity?\nA. the color of the object\nL. the mass of the object\nS. how fast the object sinks in water\nM. the material that the object is made of\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which property of an object determines how well it conducts electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["the color of the object", "the mass of the object", "the material that the object is made of", "how fast the object sinks in water"], "label": ["A", "L", "S", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which property of an object determines how well it conducts electricity?\nA. the color of the object\nL. the mass of the object\nS. the material that the object is made of\nM. how fast the object sinks in water\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2520}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_8_18", "question": "Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?", "choices": {"text": ["inferring", "classifying", "generalizing", "hypothesizing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?\nA. inferring\nB. classifying\nC. generalizing\nD. hypothesizing\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?", "choices": {"text": ["hypothesizing", "generalizing", "classifying", "inferring"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?\nA. hypothesizing\nB. generalizing\nC. classifying\nD. inferring\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?", "choices": {"text": ["inferring", "classifying", "generalizing", "hypothesizing"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?\n1. inferring\n2. classifying\n3. generalizing\n4. hypothesizing\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?", "choices": {"text": ["inferring", "classifying", "generalizing", "hypothesizing"], "label": ["J", "K", "V", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?\nJ. inferring\nK. classifying\nV. generalizing\nL. hypothesizing\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?", "choices": {"text": ["hypothesizing", "generalizing", "classifying", "inferring"], "label": ["J", "K", "V", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?\nJ. hypothesizing\nK. generalizing\nV. classifying\nL. inferring\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2521}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401146", "question": "The major function of the kidneys is to", "choices": {"text": ["exchange gases.", "break down nutrients.", "filter wastes and byproducts.", "carry blood back to the heart."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The major function of the kidneys is to\nA. exchange gases.\nB. break down nutrients.\nC. filter wastes and byproducts.\nD. carry blood back to the heart.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The major function of the kidneys is to", "choices": {"text": ["break down nutrients.", "exchange gases.", "carry blood back to the heart.", "filter wastes and byproducts."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The major function of the kidneys is to\nA. break down nutrients.\nB. exchange gases.\nC. carry blood back to the heart.\nD. filter wastes and byproducts.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The major function of the kidneys is to", "choices": {"text": ["exchange gases.", "break down nutrients.", "filter wastes and byproducts.", "carry blood back to the heart."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The major function of the kidneys is to\n1. exchange gases.\n2. break down nutrients.\n3. filter wastes and byproducts.\n4. carry blood back to the heart.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The major function of the kidneys is to", "choices": {"text": ["exchange gases.", "break down nutrients.", "filter wastes and byproducts.", "carry blood back to the heart."], "label": ["Z", "G", "U", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The major function of the kidneys is to\nZ. exchange gases.\nG. break down nutrients.\nU. filter wastes and byproducts.\nC. carry blood back to the heart.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The major function of the kidneys is to", "choices": {"text": ["break down nutrients.", "exchange gases.", "carry blood back to the heart.", "filter wastes and byproducts."], "label": ["Z", "G", "U", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The major function of the kidneys is to\nZ. break down nutrients.\nG. exchange gases.\nU. carry blood back to the heart.\nC. filter wastes and byproducts.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2522}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7080553", "question": "A streak plate can be used to determine the", "choices": {"text": ["hardness of a mineral.", "structure of a mineral.", "cleavage of a mineral.", "luster of a mineral."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A streak plate can be used to determine the\nA. hardness of a mineral.\nB. structure of a mineral.\nC. cleavage of a mineral.\nD. luster of a mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A streak plate can be used to determine the", "choices": {"text": ["structure of a mineral.", "luster of a mineral.", "hardness of a mineral.", "cleavage of a mineral."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A streak plate can be used to determine the\nA. structure of a mineral.\nB. luster of a mineral.\nC. hardness of a mineral.\nD. cleavage of a mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A streak plate can be used to determine the", "choices": {"text": ["hardness of a mineral.", "structure of a mineral.", "cleavage of a mineral.", "luster of a mineral."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A streak plate can be used to determine the\n1. hardness of a mineral.\n2. structure of a mineral.\n3. cleavage of a mineral.\n4. luster of a mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A streak plate can be used to determine the", "choices": {"text": ["hardness of a mineral.", "structure of a mineral.", "cleavage of a mineral.", "luster of a mineral."], "label": ["C", "J", "Q", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: A streak plate can be used to determine the\nC. hardness of a mineral.\nJ. structure of a mineral.\nQ. cleavage of a mineral.\nO. luster of a mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A streak plate can be used to determine the", "choices": {"text": ["structure of a mineral.", "luster of a mineral.", "hardness of a mineral.", "cleavage of a mineral."], "label": ["C", "J", "Q", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: A streak plate can be used to determine the\nC. structure of a mineral.\nJ. luster of a mineral.\nQ. hardness of a mineral.\nO. cleavage of a mineral.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2523}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7098193", "question": "Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["add heat", "add ice", "remove some of the water", "place the water in the freezer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?\nA. add heat\nB. add ice\nC. remove some of the water\nD. place the water in the freezer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["place the water in the freezer", "add ice", "add heat", "remove some of the water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?\nA. place the water in the freezer\nB. add ice\nC. add heat\nD. remove some of the water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["add heat", "add ice", "remove some of the water", "place the water in the freezer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?\n1. add heat\n2. add ice\n3. remove some of the water\n4. place the water in the freezer\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["add heat", "add ice", "remove some of the water", "place the water in the freezer"], "label": ["S", "M", "T", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?\nS. add heat\nM. add ice\nT. remove some of the water\nF. place the water in the freezer\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["place the water in the freezer", "add ice", "add heat", "remove some of the water"], "label": ["S", "M", "T", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which will increase the energy of motion of water molecules?\nS. place the water in the freezer\nM. add ice\nT. add heat\nF. remove some of the water\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2524}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_8_6", "question": "How a material responds to heating and cooling tells us about the material's", "choices": {"text": ["optical properties.", "mechanical properties.", "thermal properties.", "acoustical properties."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How a material responds to heating and cooling tells us about the material's\nA. optical properties.\nB. mechanical properties.\nC. thermal properties.\nD. acoustical properties.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How a material responds to heating and cooling tells us about the material's", "choices": {"text": ["optical properties.", "mechanical properties.", "acoustical properties.", "thermal properties."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How a material responds to heating and cooling tells us about the material's\nA. optical properties.\nB. mechanical properties.\nC. acoustical properties.\nD. thermal properties.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How a material responds to heating and cooling tells us about the material's", "choices": {"text": ["optical properties.", "mechanical properties.", "thermal properties.", "acoustical properties."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How a material responds to heating and cooling tells us about the material's\n1. optical properties.\n2. mechanical properties.\n3. thermal properties.\n4. acoustical properties.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How a material responds to heating and cooling tells us about the material's", "choices": {"text": ["optical properties.", "mechanical properties.", "thermal properties.", "acoustical properties."], "label": ["H", "V", "J", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: How a material responds to heating and cooling tells us about the material's\nH. optical properties.\nV. mechanical properties.\nJ. thermal properties.\nK. acoustical properties.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How a material responds to heating and cooling tells us about the material's", "choices": {"text": ["optical properties.", "mechanical properties.", "acoustical properties.", "thermal properties."], "label": ["H", "V", "J", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: How a material responds to heating and cooling tells us about the material's\nH. optical properties.\nV. mechanical properties.\nJ. acoustical properties.\nK. thermal properties.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2525}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7004848", "question": "A balanced chemical equation shows", "choices": {"text": ["the products of a reaction.", "elements created by a reaction.", "phase changes taking place during a reaction.", "the number of molecules involved in a reaction."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A balanced chemical equation shows\nA. the products of a reaction.\nB. elements created by a reaction.\nC. phase changes taking place during a reaction.\nD. the number of molecules involved in a reaction.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A balanced chemical equation shows", "choices": {"text": ["the number of molecules involved in a reaction.", "phase changes taking place during a reaction.", "elements created by a reaction.", "the products of a reaction."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A balanced chemical equation shows\nA. the number of molecules involved in a reaction.\nB. phase changes taking place during a reaction.\nC. elements created by a reaction.\nD. the products of a reaction.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A balanced chemical equation shows", "choices": {"text": ["the products of a reaction.", "elements created by a reaction.", "phase changes taking place during a reaction.", "the number of molecules involved in a reaction."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A balanced chemical equation shows\n1. the products of a reaction.\n2. elements created by a reaction.\n3. phase changes taking place during a reaction.\n4. the number of molecules involved in a reaction.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A balanced chemical equation shows", "choices": {"text": ["the products of a reaction.", "elements created by a reaction.", "phase changes taking place during a reaction.", "the number of molecules involved in a reaction."], "label": ["X", "H", "J", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A balanced chemical equation shows\nX. the products of a reaction.\nH. elements created by a reaction.\nJ. phase changes taking place during a reaction.\nT. the number of molecules involved in a reaction.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A balanced chemical equation shows", "choices": {"text": ["the number of molecules involved in a reaction.", "phase changes taking place during a reaction.", "elements created by a reaction.", "the products of a reaction."], "label": ["X", "H", "J", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A balanced chemical equation shows\nX. the number of molecules involved in a reaction.\nH. phase changes taking place during a reaction.\nJ. elements created by a reaction.\nT. the products of a reaction.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2526}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7056753", "question": "In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does weather occur?", "choices": {"text": ["mesosphere", "stratosphere", "thermosphere", "troposphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does weather occur?\nA. mesosphere\nB. stratosphere\nC. thermosphere\nD. troposphere\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does weather occur?", "choices": {"text": ["stratosphere", "troposphere", "mesosphere", "thermosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does weather occur?\nA. stratosphere\nB. troposphere\nC. mesosphere\nD. thermosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does weather occur?", "choices": {"text": ["mesosphere", "stratosphere", "thermosphere", "troposphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does weather occur?\n1. mesosphere\n2. stratosphere\n3. thermosphere\n4. troposphere\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does weather occur?", "choices": {"text": ["mesosphere", "stratosphere", "thermosphere", "troposphere"], "label": ["W", "U", "S", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does weather occur?\nW. mesosphere\nU. stratosphere\nS. thermosphere\nJ. troposphere\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does weather occur?", "choices": {"text": ["stratosphere", "troposphere", "mesosphere", "thermosphere"], "label": ["W", "U", "S", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does weather occur?\nW. stratosphere\nU. troposphere\nS. mesosphere\nJ. thermosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2527}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_3_26", "question": "Which of these is MOST flexible?", "choices": {"text": ["Broom handle", "Wooden ruler", "Drinking straw", "Sewing needle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is MOST flexible?\nA. Broom handle\nB. Wooden ruler\nC. Drinking straw\nD. Sewing needle\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is MOST flexible?", "choices": {"text": ["Wooden ruler", "Broom handle", "Sewing needle", "Drinking straw"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is MOST flexible?\nA. Wooden ruler\nB. Broom handle\nC. Sewing needle\nD. Drinking straw\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is MOST flexible?", "choices": {"text": ["Broom handle", "Wooden ruler", "Drinking straw", "Sewing needle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is MOST flexible?\n1. Broom handle\n2. Wooden ruler\n3. Drinking straw\n4. Sewing needle\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is MOST flexible?", "choices": {"text": ["Broom handle", "Wooden ruler", "Drinking straw", "Sewing needle"], "label": ["P", "F", "I", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is MOST flexible?\nP. Broom handle\nF. Wooden ruler\nI. Drinking straw\nO. Sewing needle\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is MOST flexible?", "choices": {"text": ["Wooden ruler", "Broom handle", "Sewing needle", "Drinking straw"], "label": ["P", "F", "I", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is MOST flexible?\nP. Wooden ruler\nF. Broom handle\nI. Sewing needle\nO. Drinking straw\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2528}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7211085", "question": "Which of these is an abiotic element of a desert ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["sand", "cactus", "lizard", "scorpion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an abiotic element of a desert ecosystem?\nA. sand\nB. cactus\nC. lizard\nD. scorpion\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an abiotic element of a desert ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["lizard", "cactus", "scorpion", "sand"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an abiotic element of a desert ecosystem?\nA. lizard\nB. cactus\nC. scorpion\nD. sand\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an abiotic element of a desert ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["sand", "cactus", "lizard", "scorpion"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an abiotic element of a desert ecosystem?\n1. sand\n2. cactus\n3. lizard\n4. scorpion\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an abiotic element of a desert ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["sand", "cactus", "lizard", "scorpion"], "label": ["K", "V", "M", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an abiotic element of a desert ecosystem?\nK. sand\nV. cactus\nM. lizard\nG. scorpion\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an abiotic element of a desert ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["lizard", "cactus", "scorpion", "sand"], "label": ["K", "V", "M", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an abiotic element of a desert ecosystem?\nK. lizard\nV. cactus\nM. scorpion\nG. sand\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2529}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7007963", "question": "Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?", "choices": {"text": ["The tea becomes saturated.", "The ice cubes gain energy.", "The tea's freezing point increases.", "The ice cube's melting point decreases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?\nA. The tea becomes saturated.\nB. The ice cubes gain energy.\nC. The tea's freezing point increases.\nD. The ice cube's melting point decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?", "choices": {"text": ["The tea becomes saturated.", "The tea's freezing point increases.", "The ice cube's melting point decreases.", "The ice cubes gain energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?\nA. The tea becomes saturated.\nB. The tea's freezing point increases.\nC. The ice cube's melting point decreases.\nD. The ice cubes gain energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?", "choices": {"text": ["The tea becomes saturated.", "The ice cubes gain energy.", "The tea's freezing point increases.", "The ice cube's melting point decreases."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?\n1. The tea becomes saturated.\n2. The ice cubes gain energy.\n3. The tea's freezing point increases.\n4. The ice cube's melting point decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?", "choices": {"text": ["The tea becomes saturated.", "The ice cubes gain energy.", "The tea's freezing point increases.", "The ice cube's melting point decreases."], "label": ["B", "U", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?\nB. The tea becomes saturated.\nU. The ice cubes gain energy.\nH. The tea's freezing point increases.\nZ. The ice cube's melting point decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?", "choices": {"text": ["The tea becomes saturated.", "The tea's freezing point increases.", "The ice cube's melting point decreases.", "The ice cubes gain energy."], "label": ["B", "U", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement best explains why ice cubes will melt in a glass of tea?\nB. The tea becomes saturated.\nU. The tea's freezing point increases.\nH. The ice cube's melting point decreases.\nZ. The ice cubes gain energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2530}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7075233", "question": "Rabies can lead to an infection of the brain. This directly causes problems in the", "choices": {"text": ["excretory system.", "nervous system.", "skeletal system.", "integumentary system."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Rabies can lead to an infection of the brain. This directly causes problems in the\nA. excretory system.\nB. nervous system.\nC. skeletal system.\nD. integumentary system.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Rabies can lead to an infection of the brain. This directly causes problems in the", "choices": {"text": ["excretory system.", "skeletal system.", "integumentary system.", "nervous system."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Rabies can lead to an infection of the brain. This directly causes problems in the\nA. excretory system.\nB. skeletal system.\nC. integumentary system.\nD. nervous system.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Rabies can lead to an infection of the brain. This directly causes problems in the", "choices": {"text": ["excretory system.", "nervous system.", "skeletal system.", "integumentary system."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Rabies can lead to an infection of the brain. This directly causes problems in the\n1. excretory system.\n2. nervous system.\n3. skeletal system.\n4. integumentary system.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Rabies can lead to an infection of the brain. This directly causes problems in the", "choices": {"text": ["excretory system.", "nervous system.", "skeletal system.", "integumentary system."], "label": ["E", "A", "H", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Rabies can lead to an infection of the brain. This directly causes problems in the\nE. excretory system.\nA. nervous system.\nH. skeletal system.\nK. integumentary system.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Rabies can lead to an infection of the brain. This directly causes problems in the", "choices": {"text": ["excretory system.", "skeletal system.", "integumentary system.", "nervous system."], "label": ["E", "A", "H", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Rabies can lead to an infection of the brain. This directly causes problems in the\nE. excretory system.\nA. skeletal system.\nH. integumentary system.\nK. nervous system.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2531}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_175648", "question": "Which of these could only be found inside a plant cell?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "chloroplasts", "mitochondria", "cytoplasm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these could only be found inside a plant cell?\nA. nucleus\nB. chloroplasts\nC. mitochondria\nD. cytoplasm\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these could only be found inside a plant cell?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "mitochondria", "chloroplasts", "cytoplasm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these could only be found inside a plant cell?\nA. nucleus\nB. mitochondria\nC. chloroplasts\nD. cytoplasm\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these could only be found inside a plant cell?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "chloroplasts", "mitochondria", "cytoplasm"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these could only be found inside a plant cell?\n1. nucleus\n2. chloroplasts\n3. mitochondria\n4. cytoplasm\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these could only be found inside a plant cell?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "chloroplasts", "mitochondria", "cytoplasm"], "label": ["Y", "B", "X", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these could only be found inside a plant cell?\nY. nucleus\nB. chloroplasts\nX. mitochondria\nD. cytoplasm\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these could only be found inside a plant cell?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "mitochondria", "chloroplasts", "cytoplasm"], "label": ["Y", "B", "X", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these could only be found inside a plant cell?\nY. nucleus\nB. mitochondria\nX. chloroplasts\nD. cytoplasm\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2532}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_8_30", "question": "Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "nucleus", "ribosome", "vacuole"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?\nA. mitochondrion\nB. nucleus\nC. ribosome\nD. vacuole\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?", "choices": {"text": ["vacuole", "mitochondrion", "nucleus", "ribosome"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?\nA. vacuole\nB. mitochondrion\nC. nucleus\nD. ribosome\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "nucleus", "ribosome", "vacuole"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?\n1. mitochondrion\n2. nucleus\n3. ribosome\n4. vacuole\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondrion", "nucleus", "ribosome", "vacuole"], "label": ["Q", "O", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?\nQ. mitochondrion\nO. nucleus\nL. ribosome\nC. vacuole\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?", "choices": {"text": ["vacuole", "mitochondrion", "nucleus", "ribosome"], "label": ["Q", "O", "L", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which cellular organelle uses oxygen and glucose to provide energy to the cell?\nQ. vacuole\nO. mitochondrion\nL. nucleus\nC. ribosome\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2533}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2012_8_23", "question": "All living things are composed of cells. Which action is not accomplished by repeated cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["a plant developing new leaves", "a broken bone growing back together", "a plant using sunlight to make its own food", "an eight-pound baby growing into a 100-pound teenager"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things are composed of cells. Which action is not accomplished by repeated cell division?\nA. a plant developing new leaves\nB. a broken bone growing back together\nC. a plant using sunlight to make its own food\nD. an eight-pound baby growing into a 100-pound teenager\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things are composed of cells. Which action is not accomplished by repeated cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["a plant using sunlight to make its own food", "an eight-pound baby growing into a 100-pound teenager", "a plant developing new leaves", "a broken bone growing back together"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things are composed of cells. Which action is not accomplished by repeated cell division?\nA. a plant using sunlight to make its own food\nB. an eight-pound baby growing into a 100-pound teenager\nC. a plant developing new leaves\nD. a broken bone growing back together\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things are composed of cells. Which action is not accomplished by repeated cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["a plant developing new leaves", "a broken bone growing back together", "a plant using sunlight to make its own food", "an eight-pound baby growing into a 100-pound teenager"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things are composed of cells. Which action is not accomplished by repeated cell division?\n1. a plant developing new leaves\n2. a broken bone growing back together\n3. a plant using sunlight to make its own food\n4. an eight-pound baby growing into a 100-pound teenager\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things are composed of cells. Which action is not accomplished by repeated cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["a plant developing new leaves", "a broken bone growing back together", "a plant using sunlight to make its own food", "an eight-pound baby growing into a 100-pound teenager"], "label": ["U", "F", "V", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things are composed of cells. Which action is not accomplished by repeated cell division?\nU. a plant developing new leaves\nF. a broken bone growing back together\nV. a plant using sunlight to make its own food\nK. an eight-pound baby growing into a 100-pound teenager\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All living things are composed of cells. Which action is not accomplished by repeated cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["a plant using sunlight to make its own food", "an eight-pound baby growing into a 100-pound teenager", "a plant developing new leaves", "a broken bone growing back together"], "label": ["U", "F", "V", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: All living things are composed of cells. Which action is not accomplished by repeated cell division?\nU. a plant using sunlight to make its own food\nF. an eight-pound baby growing into a 100-pound teenager\nV. a plant developing new leaves\nK. a broken bone growing back together\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2534}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7099015", "question": "At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?", "choices": {"text": ["The number of organelles doubles.", "Chromosomes must be copied.", "Four nuclei must be formed.", "The membrane thickens."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?\nA. The number of organelles doubles.\nB. Chromosomes must be copied.\nC. Four nuclei must be formed.\nD. The membrane thickens.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?", "choices": {"text": ["The membrane thickens.", "Four nuclei must be formed.", "The number of organelles doubles.", "Chromosomes must be copied."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?\nA. The membrane thickens.\nB. Four nuclei must be formed.\nC. The number of organelles doubles.\nD. Chromosomes must be copied.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?", "choices": {"text": ["The number of organelles doubles.", "Chromosomes must be copied.", "Four nuclei must be formed.", "The membrane thickens."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?\n1. The number of organelles doubles.\n2. Chromosomes must be copied.\n3. Four nuclei must be formed.\n4. The membrane thickens.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?", "choices": {"text": ["The number of organelles doubles.", "Chromosomes must be copied.", "Four nuclei must be formed.", "The membrane thickens."], "label": ["A", "Q", "I", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?\nA. The number of organelles doubles.\nQ. Chromosomes must be copied.\nI. Four nuclei must be formed.\nD. The membrane thickens.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?", "choices": {"text": ["The membrane thickens.", "Four nuclei must be formed.", "The number of organelles doubles.", "Chromosomes must be copied."], "label": ["A", "Q", "I", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?\nA. The membrane thickens.\nQ. Four nuclei must be formed.\nI. The number of organelles doubles.\nD. Chromosomes must be copied.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2535}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_8_31", "question": "Which of the following best describes a scientific inference?", "choices": {"text": ["the data collected during an experiment", "an explanation based on facts but is not the direct observation", "an opinion that is not based on logical thinking or material evidence", "the results from experiments that can be reproduced through more experimentation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes a scientific inference?\nA. the data collected during an experiment\nB. an explanation based on facts but is not the direct observation\nC. an opinion that is not based on logical thinking or material evidence\nD. the results from experiments that can be reproduced through more experimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes a scientific inference?", "choices": {"text": ["the data collected during an experiment", "the results from experiments that can be reproduced through more experimentation", "an opinion that is not based on logical thinking or material evidence", "an explanation based on facts but is not the direct observation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes a scientific inference?\nA. the data collected during an experiment\nB. the results from experiments that can be reproduced through more experimentation\nC. an opinion that is not based on logical thinking or material evidence\nD. an explanation based on facts but is not the direct observation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes a scientific inference?", "choices": {"text": ["the data collected during an experiment", "an explanation based on facts but is not the direct observation", "an opinion that is not based on logical thinking or material evidence", "the results from experiments that can be reproduced through more experimentation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes a scientific inference?\n1. the data collected during an experiment\n2. an explanation based on facts but is not the direct observation\n3. an opinion that is not based on logical thinking or material evidence\n4. the results from experiments that can be reproduced through more experimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes a scientific inference?", "choices": {"text": ["the data collected during an experiment", "an explanation based on facts but is not the direct observation", "an opinion that is not based on logical thinking or material evidence", "the results from experiments that can be reproduced through more experimentation"], "label": ["Z", "T", "O", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes a scientific inference?\nZ. the data collected during an experiment\nT. an explanation based on facts but is not the direct observation\nO. an opinion that is not based on logical thinking or material evidence\nA. the results from experiments that can be reproduced through more experimentation\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following best describes a scientific inference?", "choices": {"text": ["the data collected during an experiment", "the results from experiments that can be reproduced through more experimentation", "an opinion that is not based on logical thinking or material evidence", "an explanation based on facts but is not the direct observation"], "label": ["Z", "T", "O", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following best describes a scientific inference?\nZ. the data collected during an experiment\nT. the results from experiments that can be reproduced through more experimentation\nO. an opinion that is not based on logical thinking or material evidence\nA. an explanation based on facts but is not the direct observation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2536}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7235865", "question": "The oldest Moon rocks have been dated to a time shortly after the estimated date of the formation of our solar system. Approximately how old are these Moon rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["6.4 billion years", "4.5 billion years", "2.8 billion years", "1.7 billion years"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The oldest Moon rocks have been dated to a time shortly after the estimated date of the formation of our solar system. Approximately how old are these Moon rocks?\nA. 6.4 billion years\nB. 4.5 billion years\nC. 2.8 billion years\nD. 1.7 billion years\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The oldest Moon rocks have been dated to a time shortly after the estimated date of the formation of our solar system. Approximately how old are these Moon rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["4.5 billion years", "6.4 billion years", "2.8 billion years", "1.7 billion years"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The oldest Moon rocks have been dated to a time shortly after the estimated date of the formation of our solar system. Approximately how old are these Moon rocks?\nA. 4.5 billion years\nB. 6.4 billion years\nC. 2.8 billion years\nD. 1.7 billion years\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The oldest Moon rocks have been dated to a time shortly after the estimated date of the formation of our solar system. Approximately how old are these Moon rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["6.4 billion years", "4.5 billion years", "2.8 billion years", "1.7 billion years"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The oldest Moon rocks have been dated to a time shortly after the estimated date of the formation of our solar system. Approximately how old are these Moon rocks?\n1. 6.4 billion years\n2. 4.5 billion years\n3. 2.8 billion years\n4. 1.7 billion years\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The oldest Moon rocks have been dated to a time shortly after the estimated date of the formation of our solar system. Approximately how old are these Moon rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["6.4 billion years", "4.5 billion years", "2.8 billion years", "1.7 billion years"], "label": ["S", "C", "N", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The oldest Moon rocks have been dated to a time shortly after the estimated date of the formation of our solar system. Approximately how old are these Moon rocks?\nS. 6.4 billion years\nC. 4.5 billion years\nN. 2.8 billion years\nZ. 1.7 billion years\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The oldest Moon rocks have been dated to a time shortly after the estimated date of the formation of our solar system. Approximately how old are these Moon rocks?", "choices": {"text": ["4.5 billion years", "6.4 billion years", "2.8 billion years", "1.7 billion years"], "label": ["S", "C", "N", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The oldest Moon rocks have been dated to a time shortly after the estimated date of the formation of our solar system. Approximately how old are these Moon rocks?\nS. 4.5 billion years\nC. 6.4 billion years\nN. 2.8 billion years\nZ. 1.7 billion years\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2537}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_10", "question": "A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "conductivity", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to\nA. electricity\nB. conductivity\nC. friction\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "electricity", "conductivity", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to\nA. friction\nB. electricity\nC. conductivity\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "conductivity", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to\n1. electricity\n2. conductivity\n3. friction\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to", "choices": {"text": ["electricity", "conductivity", "friction", "magnetism"], "label": ["H", "P", "B", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to\nH. electricity\nP. conductivity\nB. friction\nG. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to", "choices": {"text": ["friction", "electricity", "conductivity", "magnetism"], "label": ["H", "P", "B", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A rubber ball rolls across a level surface. The ball will eventually stop rolling due to\nH. friction\nP. electricity\nB. conductivity\nG. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2538}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_8_pg96", "question": "Which resource is nonrenewable?", "choices": {"text": ["petroleum", "sand", "wood", "oxygen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which resource is nonrenewable?\nA. petroleum\nB. sand\nC. wood\nD. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which resource is nonrenewable?", "choices": {"text": ["sand", "petroleum", "oxygen", "wood"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which resource is nonrenewable?\nA. sand\nB. petroleum\nC. oxygen\nD. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which resource is nonrenewable?", "choices": {"text": ["petroleum", "sand", "wood", "oxygen"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which resource is nonrenewable?\n1. petroleum\n2. sand\n3. wood\n4. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which resource is nonrenewable?", "choices": {"text": ["petroleum", "sand", "wood", "oxygen"], "label": ["M", "B", "D", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which resource is nonrenewable?\nM. petroleum\nB. sand\nD. wood\nJ. oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which resource is nonrenewable?", "choices": {"text": ["sand", "petroleum", "oxygen", "wood"], "label": ["M", "B", "D", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which resource is nonrenewable?\nM. sand\nB. petroleum\nD. oxygen\nJ. wood\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2539}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7025165", "question": "Neutral atoms have an equal number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons and neutrons.", "protons and neutrons.", "protons and electrons.", "protons, neutrons, and electrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neutral atoms have an equal number of\nA. electrons and neutrons.\nB. protons and neutrons.\nC. protons and electrons.\nD. protons, neutrons, and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Neutral atoms have an equal number of", "choices": {"text": ["protons and neutrons.", "protons and electrons.", "electrons and neutrons.", "protons, neutrons, and electrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neutral atoms have an equal number of\nA. protons and neutrons.\nB. protons and electrons.\nC. electrons and neutrons.\nD. protons, neutrons, and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Neutral atoms have an equal number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons and neutrons.", "protons and neutrons.", "protons and electrons.", "protons, neutrons, and electrons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neutral atoms have an equal number of\n1. electrons and neutrons.\n2. protons and neutrons.\n3. protons and electrons.\n4. protons, neutrons, and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Neutral atoms have an equal number of", "choices": {"text": ["electrons and neutrons.", "protons and neutrons.", "protons and electrons.", "protons, neutrons, and electrons."], "label": ["S", "B", "T", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neutral atoms have an equal number of\nS. electrons and neutrons.\nB. protons and neutrons.\nT. protons and electrons.\nY. protons, neutrons, and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Neutral atoms have an equal number of", "choices": {"text": ["protons and neutrons.", "protons and electrons.", "electrons and neutrons.", "protons, neutrons, and electrons."], "label": ["S", "B", "T", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Neutral atoms have an equal number of\nS. protons and neutrons.\nB. protons and electrons.\nT. electrons and neutrons.\nY. protons, neutrons, and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2540}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2013_8_29415", "question": "Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?", "choices": {"text": ["The species are both herbivores.", "The species have similar bone structure.", "The species live in the same environment.", "The species both obtain oxygen from the air."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?\nA. The species are both herbivores.\nB. The species have similar bone structure.\nC. The species live in the same environment.\nD. The species both obtain oxygen from the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?", "choices": {"text": ["The species have similar bone structure.", "The species both obtain oxygen from the air.", "The species live in the same environment.", "The species are both herbivores."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?\nA. The species have similar bone structure.\nB. The species both obtain oxygen from the air.\nC. The species live in the same environment.\nD. The species are both herbivores.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?", "choices": {"text": ["The species are both herbivores.", "The species have similar bone structure.", "The species live in the same environment.", "The species both obtain oxygen from the air."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?\n1. The species are both herbivores.\n2. The species have similar bone structure.\n3. The species live in the same environment.\n4. The species both obtain oxygen from the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?", "choices": {"text": ["The species are both herbivores.", "The species have similar bone structure.", "The species live in the same environment.", "The species both obtain oxygen from the air."], "label": ["P", "G", "Z", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?\nP. The species are both herbivores.\nG. The species have similar bone structure.\nZ. The species live in the same environment.\nJ. The species both obtain oxygen from the air.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?", "choices": {"text": ["The species have similar bone structure.", "The species both obtain oxygen from the air.", "The species live in the same environment.", "The species are both herbivores."], "label": ["P", "G", "Z", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?\nP. The species have similar bone structure.\nG. The species both obtain oxygen from the air.\nZ. The species live in the same environment.\nJ. The species are both herbivores.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2541}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_11", "question": "A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["producing sex cells", "transporting nutrients", "forming cancerous cells", "developing an infection"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely\nA. producing sex cells\nB. transporting nutrients\nC. forming cancerous cells\nD. developing an infection\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["transporting nutrients", "producing sex cells", "developing an infection", "forming cancerous cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely\nA. transporting nutrients\nB. producing sex cells\nC. developing an infection\nD. forming cancerous cells\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["producing sex cells", "transporting nutrients", "forming cancerous cells", "developing an infection"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely\n1. producing sex cells\n2. transporting nutrients\n3. forming cancerous cells\n4. developing an infection\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["producing sex cells", "transporting nutrients", "forming cancerous cells", "developing an infection"], "label": ["H", "P", "M", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely\nH. producing sex cells\nP. transporting nutrients\nM. forming cancerous cells\nG. developing an infection\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely", "choices": {"text": ["transporting nutrients", "producing sex cells", "developing an infection", "forming cancerous cells"], "label": ["H", "P", "M", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely\nH. transporting nutrients\nP. producing sex cells\nM. developing an infection\nG. forming cancerous cells\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2542}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7029698", "question": "Which observation indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?", "choices": {"text": ["A substance becomes warmer.", "A material changes from a solid to liquid.", "Bubbles form when a liquid is heated.", "A new chemical substance is formed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which observation indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?\nA. A substance becomes warmer.\nB. A material changes from a solid to liquid.\nC. Bubbles form when a liquid is heated.\nD. A new chemical substance is formed.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which observation indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?", "choices": {"text": ["A new chemical substance is formed.", "Bubbles form when a liquid is heated.", "A material changes from a solid to liquid.", "A substance becomes warmer."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which observation indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?\nA. A new chemical substance is formed.\nB. Bubbles form when a liquid is heated.\nC. A material changes from a solid to liquid.\nD. A substance becomes warmer.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which observation indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?", "choices": {"text": ["A substance becomes warmer.", "A material changes from a solid to liquid.", "Bubbles form when a liquid is heated.", "A new chemical substance is formed."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which observation indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?\n1. A substance becomes warmer.\n2. A material changes from a solid to liquid.\n3. Bubbles form when a liquid is heated.\n4. A new chemical substance is formed.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which observation indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?", "choices": {"text": ["A substance becomes warmer.", "A material changes from a solid to liquid.", "Bubbles form when a liquid is heated.", "A new chemical substance is formed."], "label": ["M", "Q", "R", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which observation indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?\nM. A substance becomes warmer.\nQ. A material changes from a solid to liquid.\nR. Bubbles form when a liquid is heated.\nP. A new chemical substance is formed.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which observation indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?", "choices": {"text": ["A new chemical substance is formed.", "Bubbles form when a liquid is heated.", "A material changes from a solid to liquid.", "A substance becomes warmer."], "label": ["M", "Q", "R", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which observation indicates that a chemical reaction has taken place?\nM. A new chemical substance is formed.\nQ. Bubbles form when a liquid is heated.\nR. A material changes from a solid to liquid.\nP. A substance becomes warmer.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2543}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408287", "question": "Beth and Juan made dough by combining sugar, butter, flour, and salt. Which term best describes the dough?", "choices": {"text": ["a compound", "an element", "a mixture", "a solution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beth and Juan made dough by combining sugar, butter, flour, and salt. Which term best describes the dough?\nA. a compound\nB. an element\nC. a mixture\nD. a solution\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Beth and Juan made dough by combining sugar, butter, flour, and salt. Which term best describes the dough?", "choices": {"text": ["an element", "a mixture", "a compound", "a solution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beth and Juan made dough by combining sugar, butter, flour, and salt. Which term best describes the dough?\nA. an element\nB. a mixture\nC. a compound\nD. a solution\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Beth and Juan made dough by combining sugar, butter, flour, and salt. Which term best describes the dough?", "choices": {"text": ["a compound", "an element", "a mixture", "a solution"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beth and Juan made dough by combining sugar, butter, flour, and salt. Which term best describes the dough?\n1. a compound\n2. an element\n3. a mixture\n4. a solution\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Beth and Juan made dough by combining sugar, butter, flour, and salt. Which term best describes the dough?", "choices": {"text": ["a compound", "an element", "a mixture", "a solution"], "label": ["B", "S", "K", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beth and Juan made dough by combining sugar, butter, flour, and salt. Which term best describes the dough?\nB. a compound\nS. an element\nK. a mixture\nI. a solution\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Beth and Juan made dough by combining sugar, butter, flour, and salt. Which term best describes the dough?", "choices": {"text": ["an element", "a mixture", "a compound", "a solution"], "label": ["B", "S", "K", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Beth and Juan made dough by combining sugar, butter, flour, and salt. Which term best describes the dough?\nB. an element\nS. a mixture\nK. a compound\nI. a solution\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2544}
{"arc_id": "MEAP_2005_5_27", "question": "A family goes on vacation for a week. When they return home they discover that some vegetables in their refrigerator have gone bad. What is the most environmentally responsible thing for them to do with the rotten food?", "choices": {"text": ["toss it into a fire pit and burn it", "throw it in the trash to be taken to a landfill", "put it in a compost pile to use for plant food", "take it back to the grocery store and try to get their money back"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A family goes on vacation for a week. When they return home they discover that some vegetables in their refrigerator have gone bad. What is the most environmentally responsible thing for them to do with the rotten food?\nA. toss it into a fire pit and burn it\nB. throw it in the trash to be taken to a landfill\nC. put it in a compost pile to use for plant food\nD. take it back to the grocery store and try to get their money back\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A family goes on vacation for a week. When they return home they discover that some vegetables in their refrigerator have gone bad. What is the most environmentally responsible thing for them to do with the rotten food?", "choices": {"text": ["throw it in the trash to be taken to a landfill", "put it in a compost pile to use for plant food", "take it back to the grocery store and try to get their money back", "toss it into a fire pit and burn it"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A family goes on vacation for a week. When they return home they discover that some vegetables in their refrigerator have gone bad. What is the most environmentally responsible thing for them to do with the rotten food?\nA. throw it in the trash to be taken to a landfill\nB. put it in a compost pile to use for plant food\nC. take it back to the grocery store and try to get their money back\nD. toss it into a fire pit and burn it\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A family goes on vacation for a week. When they return home they discover that some vegetables in their refrigerator have gone bad. What is the most environmentally responsible thing for them to do with the rotten food?", "choices": {"text": ["toss it into a fire pit and burn it", "throw it in the trash to be taken to a landfill", "put it in a compost pile to use for plant food", "take it back to the grocery store and try to get their money back"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A family goes on vacation for a week. When they return home they discover that some vegetables in their refrigerator have gone bad. What is the most environmentally responsible thing for them to do with the rotten food?\n1. toss it into a fire pit and burn it\n2. throw it in the trash to be taken to a landfill\n3. put it in a compost pile to use for plant food\n4. take it back to the grocery store and try to get their money back\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A family goes on vacation for a week. When they return home they discover that some vegetables in their refrigerator have gone bad. What is the most environmentally responsible thing for them to do with the rotten food?", "choices": {"text": ["toss it into a fire pit and burn it", "throw it in the trash to be taken to a landfill", "put it in a compost pile to use for plant food", "take it back to the grocery store and try to get their money back"], "label": ["G", "M", "W", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A family goes on vacation for a week. When they return home they discover that some vegetables in their refrigerator have gone bad. What is the most environmentally responsible thing for them to do with the rotten food?\nG. toss it into a fire pit and burn it\nM. throw it in the trash to be taken to a landfill\nW. put it in a compost pile to use for plant food\nL. take it back to the grocery store and try to get their money back\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A family goes on vacation for a week. When they return home they discover that some vegetables in their refrigerator have gone bad. What is the most environmentally responsible thing for them to do with the rotten food?", "choices": {"text": ["throw it in the trash to be taken to a landfill", "put it in a compost pile to use for plant food", "take it back to the grocery store and try to get their money back", "toss it into a fire pit and burn it"], "label": ["G", "M", "W", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A family goes on vacation for a week. When they return home they discover that some vegetables in their refrigerator have gone bad. What is the most environmentally responsible thing for them to do with the rotten food?\nG. throw it in the trash to be taken to a landfill\nM. put it in a compost pile to use for plant food\nW. take it back to the grocery store and try to get their money back\nL. toss it into a fire pit and burn it\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2545}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7213448", "question": "A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as", "choices": {"text": ["an atom.", "a molecule.", "a nucleus.", "an electron."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as\nA. an atom.\nB. a molecule.\nC. a nucleus.\nD. an electron.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as", "choices": {"text": ["an electron.", "a nucleus.", "a molecule.", "an atom."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as\nA. an electron.\nB. a nucleus.\nC. a molecule.\nD. an atom.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as", "choices": {"text": ["an atom.", "a molecule.", "a nucleus.", "an electron."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as\n1. an atom.\n2. a molecule.\n3. a nucleus.\n4. an electron.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as", "choices": {"text": ["an atom.", "a molecule.", "a nucleus.", "an electron."], "label": ["E", "R", "Q", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as\nE. an atom.\nR. a molecule.\nQ. a nucleus.\nC. an electron.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as", "choices": {"text": ["an electron.", "a nucleus.", "a molecule.", "an atom."], "label": ["E", "R", "Q", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sample of the element copper is divided into the smallest particles possible such that each particle is still copper. Each particle can best be described as\nE. an electron.\nR. a nucleus.\nQ. a molecule.\nC. an atom.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2546}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7083388", "question": "Which term best describes the movement of water through cell membranes?", "choices": {"text": ["respiration", "osmosis", "mitosis", "condensation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term best describes the movement of water through cell membranes?\nA. respiration\nB. osmosis\nC. mitosis\nD. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term best describes the movement of water through cell membranes?", "choices": {"text": ["osmosis", "respiration", "mitosis", "condensation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term best describes the movement of water through cell membranes?\nA. osmosis\nB. respiration\nC. mitosis\nD. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term best describes the movement of water through cell membranes?", "choices": {"text": ["respiration", "osmosis", "mitosis", "condensation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term best describes the movement of water through cell membranes?\n1. respiration\n2. osmosis\n3. mitosis\n4. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term best describes the movement of water through cell membranes?", "choices": {"text": ["respiration", "osmosis", "mitosis", "condensation"], "label": ["P", "D", "V", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term best describes the movement of water through cell membranes?\nP. respiration\nD. osmosis\nV. mitosis\nN. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term best describes the movement of water through cell membranes?", "choices": {"text": ["osmosis", "respiration", "mitosis", "condensation"], "label": ["P", "D", "V", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term best describes the movement of water through cell membranes?\nP. osmosis\nD. respiration\nV. mitosis\nN. condensation\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2547}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7014455", "question": "Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?", "choices": {"text": ["a light bulb", "a speaker", "earthquake activity", "volcanic eruption"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?\nA. a light bulb\nB. a speaker\nC. earthquake activity\nD. volcanic eruption\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?", "choices": {"text": ["a speaker", "a light bulb", "volcanic eruption", "earthquake activity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?\nA. a speaker\nB. a light bulb\nC. volcanic eruption\nD. earthquake activity\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?", "choices": {"text": ["a light bulb", "a speaker", "earthquake activity", "volcanic eruption"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?\n1. a light bulb\n2. a speaker\n3. earthquake activity\n4. volcanic eruption\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?", "choices": {"text": ["a light bulb", "a speaker", "earthquake activity", "volcanic eruption"], "label": ["I", "R", "W", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?\nI. a light bulb\nR. a speaker\nW. earthquake activity\nK. volcanic eruption\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?", "choices": {"text": ["a speaker", "a light bulb", "volcanic eruption", "earthquake activity"], "label": ["I", "R", "W", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?\nI. a speaker\nR. a light bulb\nW. volcanic eruption\nK. earthquake activity\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2548}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400179", "question": "Which tool would best separate sand and clay mixed in soil?", "choices": {"text": ["sifter", "ruler", "thermometer", "magnet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would best separate sand and clay mixed in soil?\nA. sifter\nB. ruler\nC. thermometer\nD. magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would best separate sand and clay mixed in soil?", "choices": {"text": ["magnet", "thermometer", "ruler", "sifter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would best separate sand and clay mixed in soil?\nA. magnet\nB. thermometer\nC. ruler\nD. sifter\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would best separate sand and clay mixed in soil?", "choices": {"text": ["sifter", "ruler", "thermometer", "magnet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would best separate sand and clay mixed in soil?\n1. sifter\n2. ruler\n3. thermometer\n4. magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would best separate sand and clay mixed in soil?", "choices": {"text": ["sifter", "ruler", "thermometer", "magnet"], "label": ["T", "C", "Z", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would best separate sand and clay mixed in soil?\nT. sifter\nC. ruler\nZ. thermometer\nX. magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would best separate sand and clay mixed in soil?", "choices": {"text": ["magnet", "thermometer", "ruler", "sifter"], "label": ["T", "C", "Z", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would best separate sand and clay mixed in soil?\nT. magnet\nC. thermometer\nZ. ruler\nX. sifter\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2549}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7235708", "question": "A volcano found in the center of a tectonic plate tends to be a result of which phenomenon?", "choices": {"text": ["strong earthquake", "activity at a hot spot", "pressure in thick sediments that produces heat", "unusually excessive erosion that wears away bedrock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A volcano found in the center of a tectonic plate tends to be a result of which phenomenon?\nA. strong earthquake\nB. activity at a hot spot\nC. pressure in thick sediments that produces heat\nD. unusually excessive erosion that wears away bedrock\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A volcano found in the center of a tectonic plate tends to be a result of which phenomenon?", "choices": {"text": ["pressure in thick sediments that produces heat", "strong earthquake", "activity at a hot spot", "unusually excessive erosion that wears away bedrock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A volcano found in the center of a tectonic plate tends to be a result of which phenomenon?\nA. pressure in thick sediments that produces heat\nB. strong earthquake\nC. activity at a hot spot\nD. unusually excessive erosion that wears away bedrock\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A volcano found in the center of a tectonic plate tends to be a result of which phenomenon?", "choices": {"text": ["strong earthquake", "activity at a hot spot", "pressure in thick sediments that produces heat", "unusually excessive erosion that wears away bedrock"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A volcano found in the center of a tectonic plate tends to be a result of which phenomenon?\n1. strong earthquake\n2. activity at a hot spot\n3. pressure in thick sediments that produces heat\n4. unusually excessive erosion that wears away bedrock\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A volcano found in the center of a tectonic plate tends to be a result of which phenomenon?", "choices": {"text": ["strong earthquake", "activity at a hot spot", "pressure in thick sediments that produces heat", "unusually excessive erosion that wears away bedrock"], "label": ["L", "K", "H", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A volcano found in the center of a tectonic plate tends to be a result of which phenomenon?\nL. strong earthquake\nK. activity at a hot spot\nH. pressure in thick sediments that produces heat\nQ. unusually excessive erosion that wears away bedrock\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A volcano found in the center of a tectonic plate tends to be a result of which phenomenon?", "choices": {"text": ["pressure in thick sediments that produces heat", "strong earthquake", "activity at a hot spot", "unusually excessive erosion that wears away bedrock"], "label": ["L", "K", "H", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A volcano found in the center of a tectonic plate tends to be a result of which phenomenon?\nL. pressure in thick sediments that produces heat\nK. strong earthquake\nH. activity at a hot spot\nQ. unusually excessive erosion that wears away bedrock\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2550}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_19", "question": "A single human body cell typically contains thousands of", "choices": {"text": ["genes", "nuclei", "chloroplasts", "bacteria"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A single human body cell typically contains thousands of\nA. genes\nB. nuclei\nC. chloroplasts\nD. bacteria\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A single human body cell typically contains thousands of", "choices": {"text": ["bacteria", "chloroplasts", "nuclei", "genes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A single human body cell typically contains thousands of\nA. bacteria\nB. chloroplasts\nC. nuclei\nD. genes\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A single human body cell typically contains thousands of", "choices": {"text": ["genes", "nuclei", "chloroplasts", "bacteria"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A single human body cell typically contains thousands of\n1. genes\n2. nuclei\n3. chloroplasts\n4. bacteria\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A single human body cell typically contains thousands of", "choices": {"text": ["genes", "nuclei", "chloroplasts", "bacteria"], "label": ["C", "M", "B", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: A single human body cell typically contains thousands of\nC. genes\nM. nuclei\nB. chloroplasts\nE. bacteria\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A single human body cell typically contains thousands of", "choices": {"text": ["bacteria", "chloroplasts", "nuclei", "genes"], "label": ["C", "M", "B", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: A single human body cell typically contains thousands of\nC. bacteria\nM. chloroplasts\nB. nuclei\nE. genes\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2551}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7242918", "question": "Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?", "choices": {"text": ["gene shuffling", "directional selection", "natural selection", "genetic drift"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?\nA. gene shuffling\nB. directional selection\nC. natural selection\nD. genetic drift\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic drift", "natural selection", "directional selection", "gene shuffling"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?\nA. genetic drift\nB. natural selection\nC. directional selection\nD. gene shuffling\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?", "choices": {"text": ["gene shuffling", "directional selection", "natural selection", "genetic drift"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?\n1. gene shuffling\n2. directional selection\n3. natural selection\n4. genetic drift\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?", "choices": {"text": ["gene shuffling", "directional selection", "natural selection", "genetic drift"], "label": ["Q", "N", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?\nQ. gene shuffling\nN. directional selection\nP. natural selection\nG. genetic drift\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?", "choices": {"text": ["genetic drift", "natural selection", "directional selection", "gene shuffling"], "label": ["Q", "N", "P", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Individuals that carry a particular allele may have more descendants than other individuals, resulting in the allele becoming more common. Which process causes random alleles to become more common within a population?\nQ. genetic drift\nN. natural selection\nP. directional selection\nG. gene shuffling\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2552}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7205450", "question": "Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is accurate?", "choices": {"text": ["Gamma waves travel faster than radio waves.", "Ultraviolet waves make up most of the spectrum.", "X-rays travel slower than infrared waves.", "Visible light waves are a small part of the spectrum."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is accurate?\nA. Gamma waves travel faster than radio waves.\nB. Ultraviolet waves make up most of the spectrum.\nC. X-rays travel slower than infrared waves.\nD. Visible light waves are a small part of the spectrum.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is accurate?", "choices": {"text": ["Gamma waves travel faster than radio waves.", "Visible light waves are a small part of the spectrum.", "X-rays travel slower than infrared waves.", "Ultraviolet waves make up most of the spectrum."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is accurate?\nA. Gamma waves travel faster than radio waves.\nB. Visible light waves are a small part of the spectrum.\nC. X-rays travel slower than infrared waves.\nD. Ultraviolet waves make up most of the spectrum.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is accurate?", "choices": {"text": ["Gamma waves travel faster than radio waves.", "Ultraviolet waves make up most of the spectrum.", "X-rays travel slower than infrared waves.", "Visible light waves are a small part of the spectrum."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is accurate?\n1. Gamma waves travel faster than radio waves.\n2. Ultraviolet waves make up most of the spectrum.\n3. X-rays travel slower than infrared waves.\n4. Visible light waves are a small part of the spectrum.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is accurate?", "choices": {"text": ["Gamma waves travel faster than radio waves.", "Ultraviolet waves make up most of the spectrum.", "X-rays travel slower than infrared waves.", "Visible light waves are a small part of the spectrum."], "label": ["Q", "F", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is accurate?\nQ. Gamma waves travel faster than radio waves.\nF. Ultraviolet waves make up most of the spectrum.\nH. X-rays travel slower than infrared waves.\nZ. Visible light waves are a small part of the spectrum.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is accurate?", "choices": {"text": ["Gamma waves travel faster than radio waves.", "Visible light waves are a small part of the spectrum.", "X-rays travel slower than infrared waves.", "Ultraviolet waves make up most of the spectrum."], "label": ["Q", "F", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is accurate?\nQ. Gamma waves travel faster than radio waves.\nF. Visible light waves are a small part of the spectrum.\nH. X-rays travel slower than infrared waves.\nZ. Ultraviolet waves make up most of the spectrum.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2553}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_8_pg52", "question": "Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?", "choices": {"text": ["Hydrogen", "Oxygen", "Nitrogen", "Helium"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?\nA. Hydrogen\nB. Oxygen\nC. Nitrogen\nD. Helium\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?", "choices": {"text": ["Hydrogen", "Nitrogen", "Helium", "Oxygen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?\nA. Hydrogen\nB. Nitrogen\nC. Helium\nD. Oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?", "choices": {"text": ["Hydrogen", "Oxygen", "Nitrogen", "Helium"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?\n1. Hydrogen\n2. Oxygen\n3. Nitrogen\n4. Helium\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?", "choices": {"text": ["Hydrogen", "Oxygen", "Nitrogen", "Helium"], "label": ["F", "N", "S", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?\nF. Hydrogen\nN. Oxygen\nS. Nitrogen\nB. Helium\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?", "choices": {"text": ["Hydrogen", "Nitrogen", "Helium", "Oxygen"], "label": ["F", "N", "S", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which gas could cause rust to form on a metal can?\nF. Hydrogen\nN. Nitrogen\nS. Helium\nB. Oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2554}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415764", "question": "What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?", "choices": {"text": ["force", "temperature", "change in mass", "change in location"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?\nA. force\nB. temperature\nC. change in mass\nD. change in location\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature", "force", "change in mass", "change in location"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?\nA. temperature\nB. force\nC. change in mass\nD. change in location\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?", "choices": {"text": ["force", "temperature", "change in mass", "change in location"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?\n1. force\n2. temperature\n3. change in mass\n4. change in location\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?", "choices": {"text": ["force", "temperature", "change in mass", "change in location"], "label": ["W", "N", "R", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?\nW. force\nN. temperature\nR. change in mass\nO. change in location\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature", "force", "change in mass", "change in location"], "label": ["W", "N", "R", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: What causes a change in the speed of a moving object?\nW. temperature\nN. force\nR. change in mass\nO. change in location\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2555}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_4", "question": "Which process releases energy from digested food?", "choices": {"text": ["photosynthesis", "cellular respiration", "vitamin production", "fertilization"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process releases energy from digested food?\nA. photosynthesis\nB. cellular respiration\nC. vitamin production\nD. fertilization\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process releases energy from digested food?", "choices": {"text": ["vitamin production", "photosynthesis", "fertilization", "cellular respiration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process releases energy from digested food?\nA. vitamin production\nB. photosynthesis\nC. fertilization\nD. cellular respiration\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process releases energy from digested food?", "choices": {"text": ["photosynthesis", "cellular respiration", "vitamin production", "fertilization"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process releases energy from digested food?\n1. photosynthesis\n2. cellular respiration\n3. vitamin production\n4. fertilization\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process releases energy from digested food?", "choices": {"text": ["photosynthesis", "cellular respiration", "vitamin production", "fertilization"], "label": ["X", "L", "K", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process releases energy from digested food?\nX. photosynthesis\nL. cellular respiration\nK. vitamin production\nQ. fertilization\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process releases energy from digested food?", "choices": {"text": ["vitamin production", "photosynthesis", "fertilization", "cellular respiration"], "label": ["X", "L", "K", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process releases energy from digested food?\nX. vitamin production\nL. photosynthesis\nK. fertilization\nQ. cellular respiration\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2556}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408040", "question": "Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "spring", "summer", "winter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?\nA. fall\nB. spring\nC. summer\nD. winter\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "winter", "spring", "summer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?\nA. fall\nB. winter\nC. spring\nD. summer\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "spring", "summer", "winter"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?\n1. fall\n2. spring\n3. summer\n4. winter\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "spring", "summer", "winter"], "label": ["P", "A", "H", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?\nP. fall\nA. spring\nH. summer\nX. winter\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?", "choices": {"text": ["fall", "winter", "spring", "summer"], "label": ["P", "A", "H", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Melinda learned that days in some seasons have more daylight hours than in other seasons. Which season receives the most hours of sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere?\nP. fall\nA. winter\nH. spring\nX. summer\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2557}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_184748", "question": "In which of the following taxonomic groups would organisms have the least number of similarities?", "choices": {"text": ["kingdom", "class", "family", "genus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following taxonomic groups would organisms have the least number of similarities?\nA. kingdom\nB. class\nC. family\nD. genus\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following taxonomic groups would organisms have the least number of similarities?", "choices": {"text": ["class", "genus", "family", "kingdom"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following taxonomic groups would organisms have the least number of similarities?\nA. class\nB. genus\nC. family\nD. kingdom\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following taxonomic groups would organisms have the least number of similarities?", "choices": {"text": ["kingdom", "class", "family", "genus"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following taxonomic groups would organisms have the least number of similarities?\n1. kingdom\n2. class\n3. family\n4. genus\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following taxonomic groups would organisms have the least number of similarities?", "choices": {"text": ["kingdom", "class", "family", "genus"], "label": ["P", "M", "R", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following taxonomic groups would organisms have the least number of similarities?\nP. kingdom\nM. class\nR. family\nT. genus\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following taxonomic groups would organisms have the least number of similarities?", "choices": {"text": ["class", "genus", "family", "kingdom"], "label": ["P", "M", "R", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following taxonomic groups would organisms have the least number of similarities?\nP. class\nM. genus\nR. family\nT. kingdom\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2558}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7176155", "question": "Wolves have adapted skills for hunting large hoofed animals such as elk, deer, or moose. Wolves tend to target prey animals that are sick or weak. The wolf benefits from this strategy because it uses less energy to hunt. How would the prey animal population also benefit from this strategy?", "choices": {"text": ["by promoting detrimental genes", "by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations", "by preventing the introduction of other predator species", "by increasing the reproductive success of healthy prey animals"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wolves have adapted skills for hunting large hoofed animals such as elk, deer, or moose. Wolves tend to target prey animals that are sick or weak. The wolf benefits from this strategy because it uses less energy to hunt. How would the prey animal population also benefit from this strategy?\nA. by promoting detrimental genes\nB. by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations\nC. by preventing the introduction of other predator species\nD. by increasing the reproductive success of healthy prey animals\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Wolves have adapted skills for hunting large hoofed animals such as elk, deer, or moose. Wolves tend to target prey animals that are sick or weak. The wolf benefits from this strategy because it uses less energy to hunt. How would the prey animal population also benefit from this strategy?", "choices": {"text": ["by preventing the introduction of other predator species", "by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations", "by increasing the reproductive success of healthy prey animals", "by promoting detrimental genes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wolves have adapted skills for hunting large hoofed animals such as elk, deer, or moose. Wolves tend to target prey animals that are sick or weak. The wolf benefits from this strategy because it uses less energy to hunt. How would the prey animal population also benefit from this strategy?\nA. by preventing the introduction of other predator species\nB. by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations\nC. by increasing the reproductive success of healthy prey animals\nD. by promoting detrimental genes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Wolves have adapted skills for hunting large hoofed animals such as elk, deer, or moose. Wolves tend to target prey animals that are sick or weak. The wolf benefits from this strategy because it uses less energy to hunt. How would the prey animal population also benefit from this strategy?", "choices": {"text": ["by promoting detrimental genes", "by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations", "by preventing the introduction of other predator species", "by increasing the reproductive success of healthy prey animals"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wolves have adapted skills for hunting large hoofed animals such as elk, deer, or moose. Wolves tend to target prey animals that are sick or weak. The wolf benefits from this strategy because it uses less energy to hunt. How would the prey animal population also benefit from this strategy?\n1. by promoting detrimental genes\n2. by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations\n3. by preventing the introduction of other predator species\n4. by increasing the reproductive success of healthy prey animals\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Wolves have adapted skills for hunting large hoofed animals such as elk, deer, or moose. Wolves tend to target prey animals that are sick or weak. The wolf benefits from this strategy because it uses less energy to hunt. How would the prey animal population also benefit from this strategy?", "choices": {"text": ["by promoting detrimental genes", "by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations", "by preventing the introduction of other predator species", "by increasing the reproductive success of healthy prey animals"], "label": ["L", "E", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wolves have adapted skills for hunting large hoofed animals such as elk, deer, or moose. Wolves tend to target prey animals that are sick or weak. The wolf benefits from this strategy because it uses less energy to hunt. How would the prey animal population also benefit from this strategy?\nL. by promoting detrimental genes\nE. by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations\nT. by preventing the introduction of other predator species\nK. by increasing the reproductive success of healthy prey animals\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Wolves have adapted skills for hunting large hoofed animals such as elk, deer, or moose. Wolves tend to target prey animals that are sick or weak. The wolf benefits from this strategy because it uses less energy to hunt. How would the prey animal population also benefit from this strategy?", "choices": {"text": ["by preventing the introduction of other predator species", "by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations", "by increasing the reproductive success of healthy prey animals", "by promoting detrimental genes"], "label": ["L", "E", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Wolves have adapted skills for hunting large hoofed animals such as elk, deer, or moose. Wolves tend to target prey animals that are sick or weak. The wolf benefits from this strategy because it uses less energy to hunt. How would the prey animal population also benefit from this strategy?\nL. by preventing the introduction of other predator species\nE. by stimulating beneficial DNA mutations\nT. by increasing the reproductive success of healthy prey animals\nK. by promoting detrimental genes\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2559}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400004", "question": "Which is an example of metamorphosis?", "choices": {"text": ["A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.", "An earthworm tunnels through the soil.", "A lizard lays eggs in the sand.", "A giraffe eats leaves from a tree."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of metamorphosis?\nA. A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.\nB. An earthworm tunnels through the soil.\nC. A lizard lays eggs in the sand.\nD. A giraffe eats leaves from a tree.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of metamorphosis?", "choices": {"text": ["An earthworm tunnels through the soil.", "A lizard lays eggs in the sand.", "A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.", "A giraffe eats leaves from a tree."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of metamorphosis?\nA. An earthworm tunnels through the soil.\nB. A lizard lays eggs in the sand.\nC. A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.\nD. A giraffe eats leaves from a tree.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of metamorphosis?", "choices": {"text": ["A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.", "An earthworm tunnels through the soil.", "A lizard lays eggs in the sand.", "A giraffe eats leaves from a tree."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of metamorphosis?\n1. A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.\n2. An earthworm tunnels through the soil.\n3. A lizard lays eggs in the sand.\n4. A giraffe eats leaves from a tree.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of metamorphosis?", "choices": {"text": ["A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.", "An earthworm tunnels through the soil.", "A lizard lays eggs in the sand.", "A giraffe eats leaves from a tree."], "label": ["M", "S", "B", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of metamorphosis?\nM. A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.\nS. An earthworm tunnels through the soil.\nB. A lizard lays eggs in the sand.\nA. A giraffe eats leaves from a tree.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is an example of metamorphosis?", "choices": {"text": ["An earthworm tunnels through the soil.", "A lizard lays eggs in the sand.", "A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.", "A giraffe eats leaves from a tree."], "label": ["M", "S", "B", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is an example of metamorphosis?\nM. An earthworm tunnels through the soil.\nS. A lizard lays eggs in the sand.\nB. A caterpillar changes into a butterfly.\nA. A giraffe eats leaves from a tree.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2560}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7172008", "question": "Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["secondary consumers", "primary consumers", "decomposers", "producers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?\nA. secondary consumers\nB. primary consumers\nC. decomposers\nD. producers\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["decomposers", "secondary consumers", "producers", "primary consumers"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?\nA. decomposers\nB. secondary consumers\nC. producers\nD. primary consumers\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["secondary consumers", "primary consumers", "decomposers", "producers"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?\n1. secondary consumers\n2. primary consumers\n3. decomposers\n4. producers\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["secondary consumers", "primary consumers", "decomposers", "producers"], "label": ["C", "M", "X", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?\nC. secondary consumers\nM. primary consumers\nX. decomposers\nW. producers\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["decomposers", "secondary consumers", "producers", "primary consumers"], "label": ["C", "M", "X", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bracket fungi grow and feed on the dead wood inside of trees. What is the role of bracket fungi in an ecosystem?\nC. decomposers\nM. secondary consumers\nX. producers\nW. primary consumers\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2561}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2003_5_26", "question": "A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is", "choices": {"text": ["used to perform a task.", "made from natural materials.", "made up of more than one simple machine.", "complicated to build and repair."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is\nA. used to perform a task.\nB. made from natural materials.\nC. made up of more than one simple machine.\nD. complicated to build and repair.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is", "choices": {"text": ["made up of more than one simple machine.", "used to perform a task.", "made from natural materials.", "complicated to build and repair."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is\nA. made up of more than one simple machine.\nB. used to perform a task.\nC. made from natural materials.\nD. complicated to build and repair.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is", "choices": {"text": ["used to perform a task.", "made from natural materials.", "made up of more than one simple machine.", "complicated to build and repair."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is\n1. used to perform a task.\n2. made from natural materials.\n3. made up of more than one simple machine.\n4. complicated to build and repair.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is", "choices": {"text": ["used to perform a task.", "made from natural materials.", "made up of more than one simple machine.", "complicated to build and repair."], "label": ["X", "A", "P", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is\nX. used to perform a task.\nA. made from natural materials.\nP. made up of more than one simple machine.\nR. complicated to build and repair.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is", "choices": {"text": ["made up of more than one simple machine.", "used to perform a task.", "made from natural materials.", "complicated to build and repair."], "label": ["X", "A", "P", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: A bicycle is considered a complex machine because it is\nX. made up of more than one simple machine.\nA. used to perform a task.\nP. made from natural materials.\nR. complicated to build and repair.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2562}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2011_5_7", "question": "In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["A lens", "A mirror", "A prism", "A telescope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?\nA. A lens\nB. A mirror\nC. A prism\nD. A telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["A telescope", "A prism", "A lens", "A mirror"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?\nA. A telescope\nB. A prism\nC. A lens\nD. A mirror\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["A lens", "A mirror", "A prism", "A telescope"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?\n1. A lens\n2. A mirror\n3. A prism\n4. A telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["A lens", "A mirror", "A prism", "A telescope"], "label": ["R", "I", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?\nR. A lens\nI. A mirror\nA. A prism\nH. A telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?", "choices": {"text": ["A telescope", "A prism", "A lens", "A mirror"], "label": ["R", "I", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the 1600s Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is made up of all the colors of the rainbow. What tool did Sir Isaac Newton most likely use to make his discovery?\nR. A telescope\nI. A prism\nA. A lens\nH. A mirror\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2563}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7068828", "question": "A plant sitting on a windowsill has wilted. A student explained that the plant wilted because it is in direct sunlight. What is another possible reason the plant wilted?", "choices": {"text": ["The noise in the room was too loud.", "There was too much space for the plant to grow.", "The plant did not receive enough water.", "There was too much carbon dioxide in the room."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant sitting on a windowsill has wilted. A student explained that the plant wilted because it is in direct sunlight. What is another possible reason the plant wilted?\nA. The noise in the room was too loud.\nB. There was too much space for the plant to grow.\nC. The plant did not receive enough water.\nD. There was too much carbon dioxide in the room.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant sitting on a windowsill has wilted. A student explained that the plant wilted because it is in direct sunlight. What is another possible reason the plant wilted?", "choices": {"text": ["There was too much carbon dioxide in the room.", "The plant did not receive enough water.", "There was too much space for the plant to grow.", "The noise in the room was too loud."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant sitting on a windowsill has wilted. A student explained that the plant wilted because it is in direct sunlight. What is another possible reason the plant wilted?\nA. There was too much carbon dioxide in the room.\nB. The plant did not receive enough water.\nC. There was too much space for the plant to grow.\nD. The noise in the room was too loud.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant sitting on a windowsill has wilted. A student explained that the plant wilted because it is in direct sunlight. What is another possible reason the plant wilted?", "choices": {"text": ["The noise in the room was too loud.", "There was too much space for the plant to grow.", "The plant did not receive enough water.", "There was too much carbon dioxide in the room."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant sitting on a windowsill has wilted. A student explained that the plant wilted because it is in direct sunlight. What is another possible reason the plant wilted?\n1. The noise in the room was too loud.\n2. There was too much space for the plant to grow.\n3. The plant did not receive enough water.\n4. There was too much carbon dioxide in the room.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant sitting on a windowsill has wilted. A student explained that the plant wilted because it is in direct sunlight. What is another possible reason the plant wilted?", "choices": {"text": ["The noise in the room was too loud.", "There was too much space for the plant to grow.", "The plant did not receive enough water.", "There was too much carbon dioxide in the room."], "label": ["T", "C", "Y", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant sitting on a windowsill has wilted. A student explained that the plant wilted because it is in direct sunlight. What is another possible reason the plant wilted?\nT. The noise in the room was too loud.\nC. There was too much space for the plant to grow.\nY. The plant did not receive enough water.\nF. There was too much carbon dioxide in the room.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant sitting on a windowsill has wilted. A student explained that the plant wilted because it is in direct sunlight. What is another possible reason the plant wilted?", "choices": {"text": ["There was too much carbon dioxide in the room.", "The plant did not receive enough water.", "There was too much space for the plant to grow.", "The noise in the room was too loud."], "label": ["T", "C", "Y", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant sitting on a windowsill has wilted. A student explained that the plant wilted because it is in direct sunlight. What is another possible reason the plant wilted?\nT. There was too much carbon dioxide in the room.\nC. The plant did not receive enough water.\nY. There was too much space for the plant to grow.\nF. The noise in the room was too loud.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2564}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7158865", "question": "The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) live in the intestines of humans and make vitamins such as vitamin K and B-complex vitamins. Which would best describe the relationship between E. coli and humans?", "choices": {"text": ["The E. coli benefit and humans are harmed.", "There is only a benefit for the humans.", "There is only a benefit for the E. coli.", "The E. coli and humans both benefit."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) live in the intestines of humans and make vitamins such as vitamin K and B-complex vitamins. Which would best describe the relationship between E. coli and humans?\nA. The E. coli benefit and humans are harmed.\nB. There is only a benefit for the humans.\nC. There is only a benefit for the E. coli.\nD. The E. coli and humans both benefit.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) live in the intestines of humans and make vitamins such as vitamin K and B-complex vitamins. Which would best describe the relationship between E. coli and humans?", "choices": {"text": ["The E. coli benefit and humans are harmed.", "There is only a benefit for the E. coli.", "The E. coli and humans both benefit.", "There is only a benefit for the humans."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) live in the intestines of humans and make vitamins such as vitamin K and B-complex vitamins. Which would best describe the relationship between E. coli and humans?\nA. The E. coli benefit and humans are harmed.\nB. There is only a benefit for the E. coli.\nC. The E. coli and humans both benefit.\nD. There is only a benefit for the humans.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) live in the intestines of humans and make vitamins such as vitamin K and B-complex vitamins. Which would best describe the relationship between E. coli and humans?", "choices": {"text": ["The E. coli benefit and humans are harmed.", "There is only a benefit for the humans.", "There is only a benefit for the E. coli.", "The E. coli and humans both benefit."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) live in the intestines of humans and make vitamins such as vitamin K and B-complex vitamins. Which would best describe the relationship between E. coli and humans?\n1. The E. coli benefit and humans are harmed.\n2. There is only a benefit for the humans.\n3. There is only a benefit for the E. coli.\n4. The E. coli and humans both benefit.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) live in the intestines of humans and make vitamins such as vitamin K and B-complex vitamins. Which would best describe the relationship between E. coli and humans?", "choices": {"text": ["The E. coli benefit and humans are harmed.", "There is only a benefit for the humans.", "There is only a benefit for the E. coli.", "The E. coli and humans both benefit."], "label": ["C", "Z", "S", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) live in the intestines of humans and make vitamins such as vitamin K and B-complex vitamins. Which would best describe the relationship between E. coli and humans?\nC. The E. coli benefit and humans are harmed.\nZ. There is only a benefit for the humans.\nS. There is only a benefit for the E. coli.\nH. The E. coli and humans both benefit.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) live in the intestines of humans and make vitamins such as vitamin K and B-complex vitamins. Which would best describe the relationship between E. coli and humans?", "choices": {"text": ["The E. coli benefit and humans are harmed.", "There is only a benefit for the E. coli.", "The E. coli and humans both benefit.", "There is only a benefit for the humans."], "label": ["C", "Z", "S", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: The bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) live in the intestines of humans and make vitamins such as vitamin K and B-complex vitamins. Which would best describe the relationship between E. coli and humans?\nC. The E. coli benefit and humans are harmed.\nZ. There is only a benefit for the E. coli.\nS. The E. coli and humans both benefit.\nH. There is only a benefit for the humans.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2565}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_180128", "question": "Most sand is made of quartz and has a white or brownish color. A student walking on a beach in Hawaii notices the sand is black in color. This sand most likely came from which type of rock?", "choices": {"text": ["limestone", "granite", "basalt", "gypsum"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most sand is made of quartz and has a white or brownish color. A student walking on a beach in Hawaii notices the sand is black in color. This sand most likely came from which type of rock?\nA. limestone\nB. granite\nC. basalt\nD. gypsum\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Most sand is made of quartz and has a white or brownish color. A student walking on a beach in Hawaii notices the sand is black in color. This sand most likely came from which type of rock?", "choices": {"text": ["basalt", "granite", "limestone", "gypsum"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most sand is made of quartz and has a white or brownish color. A student walking on a beach in Hawaii notices the sand is black in color. This sand most likely came from which type of rock?\nA. basalt\nB. granite\nC. limestone\nD. gypsum\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Most sand is made of quartz and has a white or brownish color. A student walking on a beach in Hawaii notices the sand is black in color. This sand most likely came from which type of rock?", "choices": {"text": ["limestone", "granite", "basalt", "gypsum"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most sand is made of quartz and has a white or brownish color. A student walking on a beach in Hawaii notices the sand is black in color. This sand most likely came from which type of rock?\n1. limestone\n2. granite\n3. basalt\n4. gypsum\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most sand is made of quartz and has a white or brownish color. A student walking on a beach in Hawaii notices the sand is black in color. This sand most likely came from which type of rock?", "choices": {"text": ["limestone", "granite", "basalt", "gypsum"], "label": ["A", "E", "R", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most sand is made of quartz and has a white or brownish color. A student walking on a beach in Hawaii notices the sand is black in color. This sand most likely came from which type of rock?\nA. limestone\nE. granite\nR. basalt\nP. gypsum\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most sand is made of quartz and has a white or brownish color. A student walking on a beach in Hawaii notices the sand is black in color. This sand most likely came from which type of rock?", "choices": {"text": ["basalt", "granite", "limestone", "gypsum"], "label": ["A", "E", "R", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most sand is made of quartz and has a white or brownish color. A student walking on a beach in Hawaii notices the sand is black in color. This sand most likely came from which type of rock?\nA. basalt\nE. granite\nR. limestone\nP. gypsum\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2566}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7263463", "question": "Human DNA includes a class of genes called \"tumor suppressors.\" What do these genes do in bone cells?", "choices": {"text": ["They restrict cell cycle progression in bone cells.", "They promote the rapid development of bone cells.", "They limit the number of bones in the human body.", "They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Human DNA includes a class of genes called \"tumor suppressors.\" What do these genes do in bone cells?\nA. They restrict cell cycle progression in bone cells.\nB. They promote the rapid development of bone cells.\nC. They limit the number of bones in the human body.\nD. They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Human DNA includes a class of genes called \"tumor suppressors.\" What do these genes do in bone cells?", "choices": {"text": ["They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells.", "They limit the number of bones in the human body.", "They promote the rapid development of bone cells.", "They restrict cell cycle progression in bone cells."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Human DNA includes a class of genes called \"tumor suppressors.\" What do these genes do in bone cells?\nA. They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells.\nB. They limit the number of bones in the human body.\nC. They promote the rapid development of bone cells.\nD. They restrict cell cycle progression in bone cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Human DNA includes a class of genes called \"tumor suppressors.\" What do these genes do in bone cells?", "choices": {"text": ["They restrict cell cycle progression in bone cells.", "They promote the rapid development of bone cells.", "They limit the number of bones in the human body.", "They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Human DNA includes a class of genes called \"tumor suppressors.\" What do these genes do in bone cells?\n1. They restrict cell cycle progression in bone cells.\n2. They promote the rapid development of bone cells.\n3. They limit the number of bones in the human body.\n4. They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Human DNA includes a class of genes called \"tumor suppressors.\" What do these genes do in bone cells?", "choices": {"text": ["They restrict cell cycle progression in bone cells.", "They promote the rapid development of bone cells.", "They limit the number of bones in the human body.", "They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells."], "label": ["U", "Y", "A", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Human DNA includes a class of genes called \"tumor suppressors.\" What do these genes do in bone cells?\nU. They restrict cell cycle progression in bone cells.\nY. They promote the rapid development of bone cells.\nA. They limit the number of bones in the human body.\nT. They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Human DNA includes a class of genes called \"tumor suppressors.\" What do these genes do in bone cells?", "choices": {"text": ["They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells.", "They limit the number of bones in the human body.", "They promote the rapid development of bone cells.", "They restrict cell cycle progression in bone cells."], "label": ["U", "Y", "A", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Human DNA includes a class of genes called \"tumor suppressors.\" What do these genes do in bone cells?\nU. They enable phosphorus and calcium to enter bone cells.\nY. They limit the number of bones in the human body.\nA. They promote the rapid development of bone cells.\nT. They restrict cell cycle progression in bone cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2567}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7024518", "question": "Which is a good practice to help conserve energy?", "choices": {"text": ["washing all clothes in warm water", "turning off the lights when not in use", "letting the water run when brushing teeth", "using bags made of plastic instead of paper"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a good practice to help conserve energy?\nA. washing all clothes in warm water\nB. turning off the lights when not in use\nC. letting the water run when brushing teeth\nD. using bags made of plastic instead of paper\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a good practice to help conserve energy?", "choices": {"text": ["letting the water run when brushing teeth", "using bags made of plastic instead of paper", "washing all clothes in warm water", "turning off the lights when not in use"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a good practice to help conserve energy?\nA. letting the water run when brushing teeth\nB. using bags made of plastic instead of paper\nC. washing all clothes in warm water\nD. turning off the lights when not in use\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a good practice to help conserve energy?", "choices": {"text": ["washing all clothes in warm water", "turning off the lights when not in use", "letting the water run when brushing teeth", "using bags made of plastic instead of paper"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a good practice to help conserve energy?\n1. washing all clothes in warm water\n2. turning off the lights when not in use\n3. letting the water run when brushing teeth\n4. using bags made of plastic instead of paper\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a good practice to help conserve energy?", "choices": {"text": ["washing all clothes in warm water", "turning off the lights when not in use", "letting the water run when brushing teeth", "using bags made of plastic instead of paper"], "label": ["D", "K", "V", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a good practice to help conserve energy?\nD. washing all clothes in warm water\nK. turning off the lights when not in use\nV. letting the water run when brushing teeth\nY. using bags made of plastic instead of paper\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a good practice to help conserve energy?", "choices": {"text": ["letting the water run when brushing teeth", "using bags made of plastic instead of paper", "washing all clothes in warm water", "turning off the lights when not in use"], "label": ["D", "K", "V", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a good practice to help conserve energy?\nD. letting the water run when brushing teeth\nK. using bags made of plastic instead of paper\nV. washing all clothes in warm water\nY. turning off the lights when not in use\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2568}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7084193", "question": "If a single-celled organism that uses photosynthesis has its source of light removed, it will", "choices": {"text": ["grow in size.", "produce less energy.", "divide repeatedly.", "generate more waste."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a single-celled organism that uses photosynthesis has its source of light removed, it will\nA. grow in size.\nB. produce less energy.\nC. divide repeatedly.\nD. generate more waste.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If a single-celled organism that uses photosynthesis has its source of light removed, it will", "choices": {"text": ["divide repeatedly.", "grow in size.", "generate more waste.", "produce less energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a single-celled organism that uses photosynthesis has its source of light removed, it will\nA. divide repeatedly.\nB. grow in size.\nC. generate more waste.\nD. produce less energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If a single-celled organism that uses photosynthesis has its source of light removed, it will", "choices": {"text": ["grow in size.", "produce less energy.", "divide repeatedly.", "generate more waste."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a single-celled organism that uses photosynthesis has its source of light removed, it will\n1. grow in size.\n2. produce less energy.\n3. divide repeatedly.\n4. generate more waste.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If a single-celled organism that uses photosynthesis has its source of light removed, it will", "choices": {"text": ["grow in size.", "produce less energy.", "divide repeatedly.", "generate more waste."], "label": ["H", "S", "U", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a single-celled organism that uses photosynthesis has its source of light removed, it will\nH. grow in size.\nS. produce less energy.\nU. divide repeatedly.\nA. generate more waste.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If a single-celled organism that uses photosynthesis has its source of light removed, it will", "choices": {"text": ["divide repeatedly.", "grow in size.", "generate more waste.", "produce less energy."], "label": ["H", "S", "U", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a single-celled organism that uses photosynthesis has its source of light removed, it will\nH. divide repeatedly.\nS. grow in size.\nU. generate more waste.\nA. produce less energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2569}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_5_45", "question": "One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?", "choices": {"text": ["The water condensed on the plants around the house.", "Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.", "The water cooled enough to turn into water vapor.", "Wind blowing on the window turned the water into vapor."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?\nA. The water condensed on the plants around the house.\nB. Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.\nC. The water cooled enough to turn into water vapor.\nD. Wind blowing on the window turned the water into vapor.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?", "choices": {"text": ["Wind blowing on the window turned the water into vapor.", "The water condensed on the plants around the house.", "Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.", "The water cooled enough to turn into water vapor."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?\nA. Wind blowing on the window turned the water into vapor.\nB. The water condensed on the plants around the house.\nC. Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.\nD. The water cooled enough to turn into water vapor.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?", "choices": {"text": ["The water condensed on the plants around the house.", "Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.", "The water cooled enough to turn into water vapor.", "Wind blowing on the window turned the water into vapor."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?\n1. The water condensed on the plants around the house.\n2. Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.\n3. The water cooled enough to turn into water vapor.\n4. Wind blowing on the window turned the water into vapor.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?", "choices": {"text": ["The water condensed on the plants around the house.", "Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.", "The water cooled enough to turn into water vapor.", "Wind blowing on the window turned the water into vapor."], "label": ["H", "T", "O", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?\nH. The water condensed on the plants around the house.\nT. Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.\nO. The water cooled enough to turn into water vapor.\nE. Wind blowing on the window turned the water into vapor.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?", "choices": {"text": ["Wind blowing on the window turned the water into vapor.", "The water condensed on the plants around the house.", "Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.", "The water cooled enough to turn into water vapor."], "label": ["H", "T", "O", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: One morning, Jane notices drops of water on the outside of a window. Later in the day, she notices that the drops have disappeared. What most likely caused the drops to disappear?\nH. Wind blowing on the window turned the water into vapor.\nT. The water condensed on the plants around the house.\nO. Energy from the sun caused the water to evaporate.\nE. The water cooled enough to turn into water vapor.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2570}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7213640", "question": "Which plant cell structures capture sunlight to produce sugars?", "choices": {"text": ["vacuoles", "ribosomes", "mitochondria", "chloroplasts"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which plant cell structures capture sunlight to produce sugars?\nA. vacuoles\nB. ribosomes\nC. mitochondria\nD. chloroplasts\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which plant cell structures capture sunlight to produce sugars?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondria", "chloroplasts", "ribosomes", "vacuoles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which plant cell structures capture sunlight to produce sugars?\nA. mitochondria\nB. chloroplasts\nC. ribosomes\nD. vacuoles\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which plant cell structures capture sunlight to produce sugars?", "choices": {"text": ["vacuoles", "ribosomes", "mitochondria", "chloroplasts"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which plant cell structures capture sunlight to produce sugars?\n1. vacuoles\n2. ribosomes\n3. mitochondria\n4. chloroplasts\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which plant cell structures capture sunlight to produce sugars?", "choices": {"text": ["vacuoles", "ribosomes", "mitochondria", "chloroplasts"], "label": ["N", "J", "O", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which plant cell structures capture sunlight to produce sugars?\nN. vacuoles\nJ. ribosomes\nO. mitochondria\nR. chloroplasts\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which plant cell structures capture sunlight to produce sugars?", "choices": {"text": ["mitochondria", "chloroplasts", "ribosomes", "vacuoles"], "label": ["N", "J", "O", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which plant cell structures capture sunlight to produce sugars?\nN. mitochondria\nJ. chloroplasts\nO. ribosomes\nR. vacuoles\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2571}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7032673", "question": "What is the term for the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius?", "choices": {"text": ["energy", "matter", "temperature", "specific heat capacity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the term for the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius?\nA. energy\nB. matter\nC. temperature\nD. specific heat capacity\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the term for the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius?", "choices": {"text": ["specific heat capacity", "energy", "temperature", "matter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the term for the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius?\nA. specific heat capacity\nB. energy\nC. temperature\nD. matter\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the term for the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius?", "choices": {"text": ["energy", "matter", "temperature", "specific heat capacity"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the term for the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius?\n1. energy\n2. matter\n3. temperature\n4. specific heat capacity\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the term for the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius?", "choices": {"text": ["energy", "matter", "temperature", "specific heat capacity"], "label": ["C", "X", "R", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the term for the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius?\nC. energy\nX. matter\nR. temperature\nE. specific heat capacity\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the term for the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius?", "choices": {"text": ["specific heat capacity", "energy", "temperature", "matter"], "label": ["C", "X", "R", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the term for the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a material by one degree Celsius?\nC. specific heat capacity\nX. energy\nR. temperature\nE. matter\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2572}
{"arc_id": "CSZ_2007_5_CSZ10148", "question": "Above a continent, a warm air mass slowly passes over a cold air mass. As the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. What will most likely happen next?", "choices": {"text": ["Rain will fall.", "Hurricanes will form.", "Lightning will strike.", "Hail will form."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Above a continent, a warm air mass slowly passes over a cold air mass. As the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. What will most likely happen next?\nA. Rain will fall.\nB. Hurricanes will form.\nC. Lightning will strike.\nD. Hail will form.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Above a continent, a warm air mass slowly passes over a cold air mass. As the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. What will most likely happen next?", "choices": {"text": ["Hurricanes will form.", "Lightning will strike.", "Hail will form.", "Rain will fall."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Above a continent, a warm air mass slowly passes over a cold air mass. As the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. What will most likely happen next?\nA. Hurricanes will form.\nB. Lightning will strike.\nC. Hail will form.\nD. Rain will fall.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Above a continent, a warm air mass slowly passes over a cold air mass. As the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. What will most likely happen next?", "choices": {"text": ["Rain will fall.", "Hurricanes will form.", "Lightning will strike.", "Hail will form."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Above a continent, a warm air mass slowly passes over a cold air mass. As the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. What will most likely happen next?\n1. Rain will fall.\n2. Hurricanes will form.\n3. Lightning will strike.\n4. Hail will form.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Above a continent, a warm air mass slowly passes over a cold air mass. As the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. What will most likely happen next?", "choices": {"text": ["Rain will fall.", "Hurricanes will form.", "Lightning will strike.", "Hail will form."], "label": ["K", "W", "T", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Above a continent, a warm air mass slowly passes over a cold air mass. As the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. What will most likely happen next?\nK. Rain will fall.\nW. Hurricanes will form.\nT. Lightning will strike.\nM. Hail will form.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Above a continent, a warm air mass slowly passes over a cold air mass. As the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. What will most likely happen next?", "choices": {"text": ["Hurricanes will form.", "Lightning will strike.", "Hail will form.", "Rain will fall."], "label": ["K", "W", "T", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Above a continent, a warm air mass slowly passes over a cold air mass. As the warm air begins to cool, clouds form. What will most likely happen next?\nK. Hurricanes will form.\nW. Lightning will strike.\nT. Hail will form.\nM. Rain will fall.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2573}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400924", "question": "In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?", "choices": {"text": ["food bowl with fruit", "hot, bright lights", "cold-water pool", "tall palm trees"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?\nA. food bowl with fruit\nB. hot, bright lights\nC. cold-water pool\nD. tall palm trees\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?", "choices": {"text": ["cold-water pool", "hot, bright lights", "food bowl with fruit", "tall palm trees"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?\nA. cold-water pool\nB. hot, bright lights\nC. food bowl with fruit\nD. tall palm trees\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?", "choices": {"text": ["food bowl with fruit", "hot, bright lights", "cold-water pool", "tall palm trees"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?\n1. food bowl with fruit\n2. hot, bright lights\n3. cold-water pool\n4. tall palm trees\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?", "choices": {"text": ["food bowl with fruit", "hot, bright lights", "cold-water pool", "tall palm trees"], "label": ["P", "L", "Z", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?\nP. food bowl with fruit\nL. hot, bright lights\nZ. cold-water pool\nR. tall palm trees\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?", "choices": {"text": ["cold-water pool", "hot, bright lights", "food bowl with fruit", "tall palm trees"], "label": ["P", "L", "Z", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: In a zoo located in a warm region, which should be included in the polar bear exhibit?\nP. cold-water pool\nL. hot, bright lights\nZ. food bowl with fruit\nR. tall palm trees\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2574}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2014_5_4", "question": "Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?", "choices": {"text": ["hair color and freckles", "a scar on the knee", "the need to breathe air", "the ability to roll the tongue"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?\nA. hair color and freckles\nB. a scar on the knee\nC. the need to breathe air\nD. the ability to roll the tongue\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?", "choices": {"text": ["the need to breathe air", "the ability to roll the tongue", "a scar on the knee", "hair color and freckles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?\nA. the need to breathe air\nB. the ability to roll the tongue\nC. a scar on the knee\nD. hair color and freckles\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?", "choices": {"text": ["hair color and freckles", "a scar on the knee", "the need to breathe air", "the ability to roll the tongue"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?\n1. hair color and freckles\n2. a scar on the knee\n3. the need to breathe air\n4. the ability to roll the tongue\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?", "choices": {"text": ["hair color and freckles", "a scar on the knee", "the need to breathe air", "the ability to roll the tongue"], "label": ["M", "A", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?\nM. hair color and freckles\nA. a scar on the knee\nG. the need to breathe air\nY. the ability to roll the tongue\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?", "choices": {"text": ["the need to breathe air", "the ability to roll the tongue", "a scar on the knee", "hair color and freckles"], "label": ["M", "A", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is not passed from parents to children?\nM. the need to breathe air\nA. the ability to roll the tongue\nG. a scar on the knee\nY. hair color and freckles\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2575}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7027318", "question": "Which scientist was the first to devise the rules of chemical reactions that are explained by modern atomic theory?", "choices": {"text": ["John Dalton", "Isaac Newton", "Galileo Galilei", "Albert Einstein"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist was the first to devise the rules of chemical reactions that are explained by modern atomic theory?\nA. John Dalton\nB. Isaac Newton\nC. Galileo Galilei\nD. Albert Einstein\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist was the first to devise the rules of chemical reactions that are explained by modern atomic theory?", "choices": {"text": ["Galileo Galilei", "Isaac Newton", "John Dalton", "Albert Einstein"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist was the first to devise the rules of chemical reactions that are explained by modern atomic theory?\nA. Galileo Galilei\nB. Isaac Newton\nC. John Dalton\nD. Albert Einstein\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist was the first to devise the rules of chemical reactions that are explained by modern atomic theory?", "choices": {"text": ["John Dalton", "Isaac Newton", "Galileo Galilei", "Albert Einstein"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist was the first to devise the rules of chemical reactions that are explained by modern atomic theory?\n1. John Dalton\n2. Isaac Newton\n3. Galileo Galilei\n4. Albert Einstein\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist was the first to devise the rules of chemical reactions that are explained by modern atomic theory?", "choices": {"text": ["John Dalton", "Isaac Newton", "Galileo Galilei", "Albert Einstein"], "label": ["I", "D", "Z", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist was the first to devise the rules of chemical reactions that are explained by modern atomic theory?\nI. John Dalton\nD. Isaac Newton\nZ. Galileo Galilei\nR. Albert Einstein\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which scientist was the first to devise the rules of chemical reactions that are explained by modern atomic theory?", "choices": {"text": ["Galileo Galilei", "Isaac Newton", "John Dalton", "Albert Einstein"], "label": ["I", "D", "Z", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which scientist was the first to devise the rules of chemical reactions that are explained by modern atomic theory?\nI. Galileo Galilei\nD. Isaac Newton\nZ. John Dalton\nR. Albert Einstein\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2576}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400054", "question": "The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare", "choices": {"text": ["look for food after dark.", "hide from enemies in snow.", "live in cold temperatures.", "get along with other animals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare\nA. look for food after dark.\nB. hide from enemies in snow.\nC. live in cold temperatures.\nD. get along with other animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare", "choices": {"text": ["hide from enemies in snow.", "look for food after dark.", "get along with other animals.", "live in cold temperatures."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare\nA. hide from enemies in snow.\nB. look for food after dark.\nC. get along with other animals.\nD. live in cold temperatures.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare", "choices": {"text": ["look for food after dark.", "hide from enemies in snow.", "live in cold temperatures.", "get along with other animals."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare\n1. look for food after dark.\n2. hide from enemies in snow.\n3. live in cold temperatures.\n4. get along with other animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare", "choices": {"text": ["look for food after dark.", "hide from enemies in snow.", "live in cold temperatures.", "get along with other animals."], "label": ["Y", "F", "I", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare\nY. look for food after dark.\nF. hide from enemies in snow.\nI. live in cold temperatures.\nM. get along with other animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare", "choices": {"text": ["hide from enemies in snow.", "look for food after dark.", "get along with other animals.", "live in cold temperatures."], "label": ["Y", "F", "I", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Arctic hare's brown fur turns white in winter. This adaptation helps the Arctic hare\nY. hide from enemies in snow.\nF. look for food after dark.\nI. get along with other animals.\nM. live in cold temperatures.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2577}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_4_pg76", "question": "Which of the following describes condensation?", "choices": {"text": ["a liquid changing to a solid", "a solid changing to a liquid", "a solid changing to a gas", "a gas changing to a liquid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following describes condensation?\nA. a liquid changing to a solid\nB. a solid changing to a liquid\nC. a solid changing to a gas\nD. a gas changing to a liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following describes condensation?", "choices": {"text": ["a gas changing to a liquid", "a liquid changing to a solid", "a solid changing to a gas", "a solid changing to a liquid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following describes condensation?\nA. a gas changing to a liquid\nB. a liquid changing to a solid\nC. a solid changing to a gas\nD. a solid changing to a liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following describes condensation?", "choices": {"text": ["a liquid changing to a solid", "a solid changing to a liquid", "a solid changing to a gas", "a gas changing to a liquid"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following describes condensation?\n1. a liquid changing to a solid\n2. a solid changing to a liquid\n3. a solid changing to a gas\n4. a gas changing to a liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following describes condensation?", "choices": {"text": ["a liquid changing to a solid", "a solid changing to a liquid", "a solid changing to a gas", "a gas changing to a liquid"], "label": ["Z", "W", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following describes condensation?\nZ. a liquid changing to a solid\nW. a solid changing to a liquid\nS. a solid changing to a gas\nC. a gas changing to a liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following describes condensation?", "choices": {"text": ["a gas changing to a liquid", "a liquid changing to a solid", "a solid changing to a gas", "a solid changing to a liquid"], "label": ["Z", "W", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following describes condensation?\nZ. a gas changing to a liquid\nW. a liquid changing to a solid\nS. a solid changing to a gas\nC. a solid changing to a liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2578}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7034930", "question": "Diamonds are sometimes used as the tips of drill bits. Which physical property of a diamond MOST likely makes it a good cutting tool?", "choices": {"text": ["its electrical properties", "its thermal properties", "its hardness", "its density"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Diamonds are sometimes used as the tips of drill bits. Which physical property of a diamond MOST likely makes it a good cutting tool?\nA. its electrical properties\nB. its thermal properties\nC. its hardness\nD. its density\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Diamonds are sometimes used as the tips of drill bits. Which physical property of a diamond MOST likely makes it a good cutting tool?", "choices": {"text": ["its hardness", "its thermal properties", "its electrical properties", "its density"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Diamonds are sometimes used as the tips of drill bits. Which physical property of a diamond MOST likely makes it a good cutting tool?\nA. its hardness\nB. its thermal properties\nC. its electrical properties\nD. its density\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Diamonds are sometimes used as the tips of drill bits. Which physical property of a diamond MOST likely makes it a good cutting tool?", "choices": {"text": ["its electrical properties", "its thermal properties", "its hardness", "its density"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Diamonds are sometimes used as the tips of drill bits. Which physical property of a diamond MOST likely makes it a good cutting tool?\n1. its electrical properties\n2. its thermal properties\n3. its hardness\n4. its density\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Diamonds are sometimes used as the tips of drill bits. Which physical property of a diamond MOST likely makes it a good cutting tool?", "choices": {"text": ["its electrical properties", "its thermal properties", "its hardness", "its density"], "label": ["W", "X", "K", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Diamonds are sometimes used as the tips of drill bits. Which physical property of a diamond MOST likely makes it a good cutting tool?\nW. its electrical properties\nX. its thermal properties\nK. its hardness\nP. its density\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Diamonds are sometimes used as the tips of drill bits. Which physical property of a diamond MOST likely makes it a good cutting tool?", "choices": {"text": ["its hardness", "its thermal properties", "its electrical properties", "its density"], "label": ["W", "X", "K", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Diamonds are sometimes used as the tips of drill bits. Which physical property of a diamond MOST likely makes it a good cutting tool?\nW. its hardness\nX. its thermal properties\nK. its electrical properties\nP. its density\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2579}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7064663", "question": "A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?", "choices": {"text": ["salt", "glass", "metal", "plastic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?\nA. salt\nB. glass\nC. metal\nD. plastic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?", "choices": {"text": ["metal", "salt", "glass", "plastic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?\nA. metal\nB. salt\nC. glass\nD. plastic\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?", "choices": {"text": ["salt", "glass", "metal", "plastic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?\n1. salt\n2. glass\n3. metal\n4. plastic\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?", "choices": {"text": ["salt", "glass", "metal", "plastic"], "label": ["C", "F", "O", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?\nC. salt\nF. glass\nO. metal\nQ. plastic\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?", "choices": {"text": ["metal", "salt", "glass", "plastic"], "label": ["C", "F", "O", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?\nC. metal\nF. salt\nO. glass\nQ. plastic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2580}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7100415", "question": "The basic units of structure and function for both plants and animals are", "choices": {"text": ["cells.", "organs.", "systems.", "tissues."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The basic units of structure and function for both plants and animals are\nA. cells.\nB. organs.\nC. systems.\nD. tissues.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The basic units of structure and function for both plants and animals are", "choices": {"text": ["organs.", "tissues.", "cells.", "systems."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The basic units of structure and function for both plants and animals are\nA. organs.\nB. tissues.\nC. cells.\nD. systems.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The basic units of structure and function for both plants and animals are", "choices": {"text": ["cells.", "organs.", "systems.", "tissues."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The basic units of structure and function for both plants and animals are\n1. cells.\n2. organs.\n3. systems.\n4. tissues.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The basic units of structure and function for both plants and animals are", "choices": {"text": ["cells.", "organs.", "systems.", "tissues."], "label": ["A", "D", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The basic units of structure and function for both plants and animals are\nA. cells.\nD. organs.\nB. systems.\nM. tissues.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The basic units of structure and function for both plants and animals are", "choices": {"text": ["organs.", "tissues.", "cells.", "systems."], "label": ["A", "D", "B", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The basic units of structure and function for both plants and animals are\nA. organs.\nD. tissues.\nB. cells.\nM. systems.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2581}
{"arc_id": "NAEP_2009_8_S10+1", "question": "Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?", "choices": {"text": ["The thickness of the ice", "The temperature of the air above the ice", "The force of friction between the ice and the rock", "The gravitational force between the ice and the rock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?\nA. The thickness of the ice\nB. The temperature of the air above the ice\nC. The force of friction between the ice and the rock\nD. The gravitational force between the ice and the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?", "choices": {"text": ["The gravitational force between the ice and the rock", "The thickness of the ice", "The temperature of the air above the ice", "The force of friction between the ice and the rock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?\nA. The gravitational force between the ice and the rock\nB. The thickness of the ice\nC. The temperature of the air above the ice\nD. The force of friction between the ice and the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?", "choices": {"text": ["The thickness of the ice", "The temperature of the air above the ice", "The force of friction between the ice and the rock", "The gravitational force between the ice and the rock"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?\n1. The thickness of the ice\n2. The temperature of the air above the ice\n3. The force of friction between the ice and the rock\n4. The gravitational force between the ice and the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?", "choices": {"text": ["The thickness of the ice", "The temperature of the air above the ice", "The force of friction between the ice and the rock", "The gravitational force between the ice and the rock"], "label": ["S", "C", "Z", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?\nS. The thickness of the ice\nC. The temperature of the air above the ice\nZ. The force of friction between the ice and the rock\nI. The gravitational force between the ice and the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?", "choices": {"text": ["The gravitational force between the ice and the rock", "The thickness of the ice", "The temperature of the air above the ice", "The force of friction between the ice and the rock"], "label": ["S", "C", "Z", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Kelly slides a flat rock across the smooth ice of a frozen pond. The rock slows down after several seconds. What causes the rock to slow down?\nS. The gravitational force between the ice and the rock\nC. The thickness of the ice\nZ. The temperature of the air above the ice\nI. The force of friction between the ice and the rock\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2582}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7223073", "question": "A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?", "choices": {"text": ["the average rate at which Earth rotates", "the average distance of Earth from the Sun", "the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth", "the total amount of material on Earth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?\nA. the average rate at which Earth rotates\nB. the average distance of Earth from the Sun\nC. the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth\nD. the total amount of material on Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?", "choices": {"text": ["the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth", "the total amount of material on Earth", "the average rate at which Earth rotates", "the average distance of Earth from the Sun"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?\nA. the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth\nB. the total amount of material on Earth\nC. the average rate at which Earth rotates\nD. the average distance of Earth from the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?", "choices": {"text": ["the average rate at which Earth rotates", "the average distance of Earth from the Sun", "the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth", "the total amount of material on Earth"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?\n1. the average rate at which Earth rotates\n2. the average distance of Earth from the Sun\n3. the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth\n4. the total amount of material on Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?", "choices": {"text": ["the average rate at which Earth rotates", "the average distance of Earth from the Sun", "the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth", "the total amount of material on Earth"], "label": ["E", "M", "D", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?\nE. the average rate at which Earth rotates\nM. the average distance of Earth from the Sun\nD. the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth\nF. the total amount of material on Earth\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?", "choices": {"text": ["the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth", "the total amount of material on Earth", "the average rate at which Earth rotates", "the average distance of Earth from the Sun"], "label": ["E", "M", "D", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?\nE. the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth\nM. the total amount of material on Earth\nD. the average rate at which Earth rotates\nF. the average distance of Earth from the Sun\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2583}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_6", "question": "Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?", "choices": {"text": ["respiration", "digestion", "fertilization", "evolution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?\nA. respiration\nB. digestion\nC. fertilization\nD. evolution\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?", "choices": {"text": ["fertilization", "digestion", "respiration", "evolution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?\nA. fertilization\nB. digestion\nC. respiration\nD. evolution\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?", "choices": {"text": ["respiration", "digestion", "fertilization", "evolution"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?\n1. respiration\n2. digestion\n3. fertilization\n4. evolution\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?", "choices": {"text": ["respiration", "digestion", "fertilization", "evolution"], "label": ["T", "Z", "H", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?\nT. respiration\nZ. digestion\nH. fertilization\nG. evolution\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?", "choices": {"text": ["fertilization", "digestion", "respiration", "evolution"], "label": ["T", "Z", "H", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process results in the formation of a new cell with a full set of chromosomes?\nT. fertilization\nZ. digestion\nH. respiration\nG. evolution\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2584}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400037", "question": "When rocks are exposed to wind, rain, heat, ice, or waves, the rocks", "choices": {"text": ["fold.", "erode.", "contract.", "melt."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When rocks are exposed to wind, rain, heat, ice, or waves, the rocks\nA. fold.\nB. erode.\nC. contract.\nD. melt.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When rocks are exposed to wind, rain, heat, ice, or waves, the rocks", "choices": {"text": ["contract.", "melt.", "fold.", "erode."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When rocks are exposed to wind, rain, heat, ice, or waves, the rocks\nA. contract.\nB. melt.\nC. fold.\nD. erode.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When rocks are exposed to wind, rain, heat, ice, or waves, the rocks", "choices": {"text": ["fold.", "erode.", "contract.", "melt."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When rocks are exposed to wind, rain, heat, ice, or waves, the rocks\n1. fold.\n2. erode.\n3. contract.\n4. melt.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When rocks are exposed to wind, rain, heat, ice, or waves, the rocks", "choices": {"text": ["fold.", "erode.", "contract.", "melt."], "label": ["D", "K", "T", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When rocks are exposed to wind, rain, heat, ice, or waves, the rocks\nD. fold.\nK. erode.\nT. contract.\nP. melt.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When rocks are exposed to wind, rain, heat, ice, or waves, the rocks", "choices": {"text": ["contract.", "melt.", "fold.", "erode."], "label": ["D", "K", "T", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: When rocks are exposed to wind, rain, heat, ice, or waves, the rocks\nD. contract.\nK. melt.\nT. fold.\nP. erode.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2585}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_185203", "question": "What part of the body receives information from the senses?", "choices": {"text": ["heart", "brain", "lungs", "stomach"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of the body receives information from the senses?\nA. heart\nB. brain\nC. lungs\nD. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of the body receives information from the senses?", "choices": {"text": ["heart", "stomach", "lungs", "brain"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of the body receives information from the senses?\nA. heart\nB. stomach\nC. lungs\nD. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of the body receives information from the senses?", "choices": {"text": ["heart", "brain", "lungs", "stomach"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of the body receives information from the senses?\n1. heart\n2. brain\n3. lungs\n4. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of the body receives information from the senses?", "choices": {"text": ["heart", "brain", "lungs", "stomach"], "label": ["I", "H", "Y", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of the body receives information from the senses?\nI. heart\nH. brain\nY. lungs\nN. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What part of the body receives information from the senses?", "choices": {"text": ["heart", "stomach", "lungs", "brain"], "label": ["I", "H", "Y", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: What part of the body receives information from the senses?\nI. heart\nH. stomach\nY. lungs\nN. brain\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2586}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2011_5_10", "question": "During a walk through the Arkansas River Valley, Alex found a rock that she determined was a sedimentary rock. Which characteristics of the rock would lead Alex to this conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["thin flaky sheets and very hard", "glassy texture and a shiny black color", "very rough texture with obvious crystals", "sand-sized particles and a light brown color"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a walk through the Arkansas River Valley, Alex found a rock that she determined was a sedimentary rock. Which characteristics of the rock would lead Alex to this conclusion?\nA. thin flaky sheets and very hard\nB. glassy texture and a shiny black color\nC. very rough texture with obvious crystals\nD. sand-sized particles and a light brown color\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "During a walk through the Arkansas River Valley, Alex found a rock that she determined was a sedimentary rock. Which characteristics of the rock would lead Alex to this conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["sand-sized particles and a light brown color", "glassy texture and a shiny black color", "very rough texture with obvious crystals", "thin flaky sheets and very hard"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a walk through the Arkansas River Valley, Alex found a rock that she determined was a sedimentary rock. Which characteristics of the rock would lead Alex to this conclusion?\nA. sand-sized particles and a light brown color\nB. glassy texture and a shiny black color\nC. very rough texture with obvious crystals\nD. thin flaky sheets and very hard\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "During a walk through the Arkansas River Valley, Alex found a rock that she determined was a sedimentary rock. Which characteristics of the rock would lead Alex to this conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["thin flaky sheets and very hard", "glassy texture and a shiny black color", "very rough texture with obvious crystals", "sand-sized particles and a light brown color"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a walk through the Arkansas River Valley, Alex found a rock that she determined was a sedimentary rock. Which characteristics of the rock would lead Alex to this conclusion?\n1. thin flaky sheets and very hard\n2. glassy texture and a shiny black color\n3. very rough texture with obvious crystals\n4. sand-sized particles and a light brown color\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a walk through the Arkansas River Valley, Alex found a rock that she determined was a sedimentary rock. Which characteristics of the rock would lead Alex to this conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["thin flaky sheets and very hard", "glassy texture and a shiny black color", "very rough texture with obvious crystals", "sand-sized particles and a light brown color"], "label": ["J", "D", "K", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a walk through the Arkansas River Valley, Alex found a rock that she determined was a sedimentary rock. Which characteristics of the rock would lead Alex to this conclusion?\nJ. thin flaky sheets and very hard\nD. glassy texture and a shiny black color\nK. very rough texture with obvious crystals\nE. sand-sized particles and a light brown color\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "During a walk through the Arkansas River Valley, Alex found a rock that she determined was a sedimentary rock. Which characteristics of the rock would lead Alex to this conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["sand-sized particles and a light brown color", "glassy texture and a shiny black color", "very rough texture with obvious crystals", "thin flaky sheets and very hard"], "label": ["J", "D", "K", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: During a walk through the Arkansas River Valley, Alex found a rock that she determined was a sedimentary rock. Which characteristics of the rock would lead Alex to this conclusion?\nJ. sand-sized particles and a light brown color\nD. glassy texture and a shiny black color\nK. very rough texture with obvious crystals\nE. thin flaky sheets and very hard\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2587}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400303", "question": "Which of these tools is used to measure the melting point of ice?", "choices": {"text": ["hot plate", "barometer", "thermometer", "meter stick"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these tools is used to measure the melting point of ice?\nA. hot plate\nB. barometer\nC. thermometer\nD. meter stick\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these tools is used to measure the melting point of ice?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "meter stick", "hot plate", "barometer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these tools is used to measure the melting point of ice?\nA. thermometer\nB. meter stick\nC. hot plate\nD. barometer\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these tools is used to measure the melting point of ice?", "choices": {"text": ["hot plate", "barometer", "thermometer", "meter stick"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these tools is used to measure the melting point of ice?\n1. hot plate\n2. barometer\n3. thermometer\n4. meter stick\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these tools is used to measure the melting point of ice?", "choices": {"text": ["hot plate", "barometer", "thermometer", "meter stick"], "label": ["X", "C", "Q", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these tools is used to measure the melting point of ice?\nX. hot plate\nC. barometer\nQ. thermometer\nB. meter stick\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these tools is used to measure the melting point of ice?", "choices": {"text": ["thermometer", "meter stick", "hot plate", "barometer"], "label": ["X", "C", "Q", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these tools is used to measure the melting point of ice?\nX. thermometer\nC. meter stick\nQ. hot plate\nB. barometer\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2588}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7140088", "question": "Between the ages of 8 and 13, young boys' and girls' bodies begin to change. This is the beginning point of children becoming adults. During these years, the endocrine system releases certain types of hormones. What is most likely being regulated by this system?", "choices": {"text": ["absorption of water and nutrients", "growth and development of the body", "blood flow to the cells and major organs", "rate that waste is eliminated from the body"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Between the ages of 8 and 13, young boys' and girls' bodies begin to change. This is the beginning point of children becoming adults. During these years, the endocrine system releases certain types of hormones. What is most likely being regulated by this system?\nA. absorption of water and nutrients\nB. growth and development of the body\nC. blood flow to the cells and major organs\nD. rate that waste is eliminated from the body\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Between the ages of 8 and 13, young boys' and girls' bodies begin to change. This is the beginning point of children becoming adults. During these years, the endocrine system releases certain types of hormones. What is most likely being regulated by this system?", "choices": {"text": ["rate that waste is eliminated from the body", "absorption of water and nutrients", "growth and development of the body", "blood flow to the cells and major organs"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Between the ages of 8 and 13, young boys' and girls' bodies begin to change. This is the beginning point of children becoming adults. During these years, the endocrine system releases certain types of hormones. What is most likely being regulated by this system?\nA. rate that waste is eliminated from the body\nB. absorption of water and nutrients\nC. growth and development of the body\nD. blood flow to the cells and major organs\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Between the ages of 8 and 13, young boys' and girls' bodies begin to change. This is the beginning point of children becoming adults. During these years, the endocrine system releases certain types of hormones. What is most likely being regulated by this system?", "choices": {"text": ["absorption of water and nutrients", "growth and development of the body", "blood flow to the cells and major organs", "rate that waste is eliminated from the body"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Between the ages of 8 and 13, young boys' and girls' bodies begin to change. This is the beginning point of children becoming adults. During these years, the endocrine system releases certain types of hormones. What is most likely being regulated by this system?\n1. absorption of water and nutrients\n2. growth and development of the body\n3. blood flow to the cells and major organs\n4. rate that waste is eliminated from the body\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Between the ages of 8 and 13, young boys' and girls' bodies begin to change. This is the beginning point of children becoming adults. During these years, the endocrine system releases certain types of hormones. What is most likely being regulated by this system?", "choices": {"text": ["absorption of water and nutrients", "growth and development of the body", "blood flow to the cells and major organs", "rate that waste is eliminated from the body"], "label": ["U", "W", "Y", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Between the ages of 8 and 13, young boys' and girls' bodies begin to change. This is the beginning point of children becoming adults. During these years, the endocrine system releases certain types of hormones. What is most likely being regulated by this system?\nU. absorption of water and nutrients\nW. growth and development of the body\nY. blood flow to the cells and major organs\nB. rate that waste is eliminated from the body\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Between the ages of 8 and 13, young boys' and girls' bodies begin to change. This is the beginning point of children becoming adults. During these years, the endocrine system releases certain types of hormones. What is most likely being regulated by this system?", "choices": {"text": ["rate that waste is eliminated from the body", "absorption of water and nutrients", "growth and development of the body", "blood flow to the cells and major organs"], "label": ["U", "W", "Y", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Between the ages of 8 and 13, young boys' and girls' bodies begin to change. This is the beginning point of children becoming adults. During these years, the endocrine system releases certain types of hormones. What is most likely being regulated by this system?\nU. rate that waste is eliminated from the body\nW. absorption of water and nutrients\nY. growth and development of the body\nB. blood flow to the cells and major organs\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2589}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7011025", "question": "Most of the mass of the atom consists of", "choices": {"text": ["protons only.", "electrons only.", "protons and neutrons.", "neutrons and electrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most of the mass of the atom consists of\nA. protons only.\nB. electrons only.\nC. protons and neutrons.\nD. neutrons and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Most of the mass of the atom consists of", "choices": {"text": ["neutrons and electrons.", "protons only.", "electrons only.", "protons and neutrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most of the mass of the atom consists of\nA. neutrons and electrons.\nB. protons only.\nC. electrons only.\nD. protons and neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Most of the mass of the atom consists of", "choices": {"text": ["protons only.", "electrons only.", "protons and neutrons.", "neutrons and electrons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most of the mass of the atom consists of\n1. protons only.\n2. electrons only.\n3. protons and neutrons.\n4. neutrons and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most of the mass of the atom consists of", "choices": {"text": ["protons only.", "electrons only.", "protons and neutrons.", "neutrons and electrons."], "label": ["Y", "V", "E", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most of the mass of the atom consists of\nY. protons only.\nV. electrons only.\nE. protons and neutrons.\nB. neutrons and electrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most of the mass of the atom consists of", "choices": {"text": ["neutrons and electrons.", "protons only.", "electrons only.", "protons and neutrons."], "label": ["Y", "V", "E", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most of the mass of the atom consists of\nY. neutrons and electrons.\nV. protons only.\nE. electrons only.\nB. protons and neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2590}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7201915", "question": "An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in water pollution", "a decrease in industrialization", "an increase in total biomass", "a decrease in nonnative plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?\nA. an increase in water pollution\nB. a decrease in industrialization\nC. an increase in total biomass\nD. a decrease in nonnative plants\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in industrialization", "an increase in water pollution", "an increase in total biomass", "a decrease in nonnative plants"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?\nA. a decrease in industrialization\nB. an increase in water pollution\nC. an increase in total biomass\nD. a decrease in nonnative plants\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in water pollution", "a decrease in industrialization", "an increase in total biomass", "a decrease in nonnative plants"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?\n1. an increase in water pollution\n2. a decrease in industrialization\n3. an increase in total biomass\n4. a decrease in nonnative plants\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in water pollution", "a decrease in industrialization", "an increase in total biomass", "a decrease in nonnative plants"], "label": ["Z", "C", "J", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?\nZ. an increase in water pollution\nC. a decrease in industrialization\nJ. an increase in total biomass\nO. a decrease in nonnative plants\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?", "choices": {"text": ["a decrease in industrialization", "an increase in water pollution", "an increase in total biomass", "a decrease in nonnative plants"], "label": ["Z", "C", "J", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?\nZ. a decrease in industrialization\nC. an increase in water pollution\nJ. an increase in total biomass\nO. a decrease in nonnative plants\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2591}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405442", "question": "In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?", "choices": {"text": ["bark", "roots", "trunk", "leaves"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?\nA. bark\nB. roots\nC. trunk\nD. leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?", "choices": {"text": ["bark", "leaves", "trunk", "roots"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?\nA. bark\nB. leaves\nC. trunk\nD. roots\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?", "choices": {"text": ["bark", "roots", "trunk", "leaves"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?\n1. bark\n2. roots\n3. trunk\n4. leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?", "choices": {"text": ["bark", "roots", "trunk", "leaves"], "label": ["U", "N", "C", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?\nU. bark\nN. roots\nC. trunk\nZ. leaves\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?", "choices": {"text": ["bark", "leaves", "trunk", "roots"], "label": ["U", "N", "C", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which part of a tree does photosynthesis most likely take place?\nU. bark\nN. leaves\nC. trunk\nZ. roots\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2592}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7082740", "question": "When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a", "choices": {"text": ["mixture.", "compound.", "molecule.", "liquid."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a\nA. mixture.\nB. compound.\nC. molecule.\nD. liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a", "choices": {"text": ["compound.", "mixture.", "liquid.", "molecule."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a\nA. compound.\nB. mixture.\nC. liquid.\nD. molecule.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a", "choices": {"text": ["mixture.", "compound.", "molecule.", "liquid."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a\n1. mixture.\n2. compound.\n3. molecule.\n4. liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a", "choices": {"text": ["mixture.", "compound.", "molecule.", "liquid."], "label": ["F", "U", "V", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a\nF. mixture.\nU. compound.\nV. molecule.\nH. liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a", "choices": {"text": ["compound.", "mixture.", "liquid.", "molecule."], "label": ["F", "U", "V", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: When two nitrogen atoms combine, they form a\nF. compound.\nU. mixture.\nV. liquid.\nH. molecule.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2593}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402278", "question": "When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["soil erosion", "sedimentation", "lightning fires", "increase in habitat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?\nA. soil erosion\nB. sedimentation\nC. lightning fires\nD. increase in habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["sedimentation", "increase in habitat", "soil erosion", "lightning fires"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?\nA. sedimentation\nB. increase in habitat\nC. soil erosion\nD. lightning fires\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["soil erosion", "sedimentation", "lightning fires", "increase in habitat"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?\n1. soil erosion\n2. sedimentation\n3. lightning fires\n4. increase in habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["soil erosion", "sedimentation", "lightning fires", "increase in habitat"], "label": ["E", "I", "N", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?\nE. soil erosion\nI. sedimentation\nN. lightning fires\nS. increase in habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?", "choices": {"text": ["sedimentation", "increase in habitat", "soil erosion", "lightning fires"], "label": ["E", "I", "N", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: When forest trees are cleared from the land, and trees are not replanted, which of the following will most likely occur?\nE. sedimentation\nI. increase in habitat\nN. soil erosion\nS. lightning fires\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2594}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_417580", "question": "Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Barney has a long tail.", "Barney has brown eyes.", "Barney has a pink tongue.", "Barney has a scar on his ear."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?\nA. Barney has a long tail.\nB. Barney has brown eyes.\nC. Barney has a pink tongue.\nD. Barney has a scar on his ear.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Barney has a scar on his ear.", "Barney has a long tail.", "Barney has a pink tongue.", "Barney has brown eyes."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?\nA. Barney has a scar on his ear.\nB. Barney has a long tail.\nC. Barney has a pink tongue.\nD. Barney has brown eyes.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Barney has a long tail.", "Barney has brown eyes.", "Barney has a pink tongue.", "Barney has a scar on his ear."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?\n1. Barney has a long tail.\n2. Barney has brown eyes.\n3. Barney has a pink tongue.\n4. Barney has a scar on his ear.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Barney has a long tail.", "Barney has brown eyes.", "Barney has a pink tongue.", "Barney has a scar on his ear."], "label": ["G", "X", "O", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?\nG. Barney has a long tail.\nX. Barney has brown eyes.\nO. Barney has a pink tongue.\nA. Barney has a scar on his ear.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?", "choices": {"text": ["Barney has a scar on his ear.", "Barney has a long tail.", "Barney has a pink tongue.", "Barney has brown eyes."], "label": ["G", "X", "O", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Barney is a cat. Which trait was made by his environment?\nG. Barney has a scar on his ear.\nX. Barney has a long tail.\nO. Barney has a pink tongue.\nA. Barney has brown eyes.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2595}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_410870", "question": "Weathering causes rocks and minerals to break into smaller pieces. Which event is the best example of weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["a raindrop splashing in a lake", "a snowball rolling down a mountain", "a river washing away soil from its bank", "a tree root growing into the crack of a rock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weathering causes rocks and minerals to break into smaller pieces. Which event is the best example of weathering?\nA. a raindrop splashing in a lake\nB. a snowball rolling down a mountain\nC. a river washing away soil from its bank\nD. a tree root growing into the crack of a rock\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Weathering causes rocks and minerals to break into smaller pieces. Which event is the best example of weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["a river washing away soil from its bank", "a tree root growing into the crack of a rock", "a raindrop splashing in a lake", "a snowball rolling down a mountain"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weathering causes rocks and minerals to break into smaller pieces. Which event is the best example of weathering?\nA. a river washing away soil from its bank\nB. a tree root growing into the crack of a rock\nC. a raindrop splashing in a lake\nD. a snowball rolling down a mountain\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Weathering causes rocks and minerals to break into smaller pieces. Which event is the best example of weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["a raindrop splashing in a lake", "a snowball rolling down a mountain", "a river washing away soil from its bank", "a tree root growing into the crack of a rock"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weathering causes rocks and minerals to break into smaller pieces. Which event is the best example of weathering?\n1. a raindrop splashing in a lake\n2. a snowball rolling down a mountain\n3. a river washing away soil from its bank\n4. a tree root growing into the crack of a rock\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Weathering causes rocks and minerals to break into smaller pieces. Which event is the best example of weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["a raindrop splashing in a lake", "a snowball rolling down a mountain", "a river washing away soil from its bank", "a tree root growing into the crack of a rock"], "label": ["J", "S", "Z", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weathering causes rocks and minerals to break into smaller pieces. Which event is the best example of weathering?\nJ. a raindrop splashing in a lake\nS. a snowball rolling down a mountain\nZ. a river washing away soil from its bank\nV. a tree root growing into the crack of a rock\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Weathering causes rocks and minerals to break into smaller pieces. Which event is the best example of weathering?", "choices": {"text": ["a river washing away soil from its bank", "a tree root growing into the crack of a rock", "a raindrop splashing in a lake", "a snowball rolling down a mountain"], "label": ["J", "S", "Z", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Weathering causes rocks and minerals to break into smaller pieces. Which event is the best example of weathering?\nJ. a river washing away soil from its bank\nS. a tree root growing into the crack of a rock\nZ. a raindrop splashing in a lake\nV. a snowball rolling down a mountain\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2596}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7211978", "question": "Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each time measurement by ten, they were able to calculate the period of the pendulum. What was the independent variable?", "choices": {"text": ["the length of the pendulum", "the period of the pendulum", "the type of string used in making the pendulum", "the amount of mass used in making the pendulum"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each time measurement by ten, they were able to calculate the period of the pendulum. What was the independent variable?\nA. the length of the pendulum\nB. the period of the pendulum\nC. the type of string used in making the pendulum\nD. the amount of mass used in making the pendulum\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each time measurement by ten, they were able to calculate the period of the pendulum. What was the independent variable?", "choices": {"text": ["the type of string used in making the pendulum", "the period of the pendulum", "the length of the pendulum", "the amount of mass used in making the pendulum"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each time measurement by ten, they were able to calculate the period of the pendulum. What was the independent variable?\nA. the type of string used in making the pendulum\nB. the period of the pendulum\nC. the length of the pendulum\nD. the amount of mass used in making the pendulum\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each time measurement by ten, they were able to calculate the period of the pendulum. What was the independent variable?", "choices": {"text": ["the length of the pendulum", "the period of the pendulum", "the type of string used in making the pendulum", "the amount of mass used in making the pendulum"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each time measurement by ten, they were able to calculate the period of the pendulum. What was the independent variable?\n1. the length of the pendulum\n2. the period of the pendulum\n3. the type of string used in making the pendulum\n4. the amount of mass used in making the pendulum\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each time measurement by ten, they were able to calculate the period of the pendulum. What was the independent variable?", "choices": {"text": ["the length of the pendulum", "the period of the pendulum", "the type of string used in making the pendulum", "the amount of mass used in making the pendulum"], "label": ["F", "T", "L", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each time measurement by ten, they were able to calculate the period of the pendulum. What was the independent variable?\nF. the length of the pendulum\nT. the period of the pendulum\nL. the type of string used in making the pendulum\nJ. the amount of mass used in making the pendulum\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each time measurement by ten, they were able to calculate the period of the pendulum. What was the independent variable?", "choices": {"text": ["the type of string used in making the pendulum", "the period of the pendulum", "the length of the pendulum", "the amount of mass used in making the pendulum"], "label": ["F", "T", "L", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each time measurement by ten, they were able to calculate the period of the pendulum. What was the independent variable?\nF. the type of string used in making the pendulum\nT. the period of the pendulum\nL. the length of the pendulum\nJ. the amount of mass used in making the pendulum\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2597}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7282030", "question": "Which most accurately describes all behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["All behavior is affected only by experience.", "All behavior is affected only by inheritance.", "All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.", "All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which most accurately describes all behavior?\nA. All behavior is affected only by experience.\nB. All behavior is affected only by inheritance.\nC. All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.\nD. All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which most accurately describes all behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.", "All behavior is affected only by experience.", "All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance.", "All behavior is affected only by inheritance."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which most accurately describes all behavior?\nA. All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.\nB. All behavior is affected only by experience.\nC. All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance.\nD. All behavior is affected only by inheritance.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which most accurately describes all behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["All behavior is affected only by experience.", "All behavior is affected only by inheritance.", "All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.", "All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which most accurately describes all behavior?\n1. All behavior is affected only by experience.\n2. All behavior is affected only by inheritance.\n3. All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.\n4. All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which most accurately describes all behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["All behavior is affected only by experience.", "All behavior is affected only by inheritance.", "All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.", "All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance."], "label": ["K", "F", "A", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which most accurately describes all behavior?\nK. All behavior is affected only by experience.\nF. All behavior is affected only by inheritance.\nA. All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.\nG. All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which most accurately describes all behavior?", "choices": {"text": ["All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.", "All behavior is affected only by experience.", "All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance.", "All behavior is affected only by inheritance."], "label": ["K", "F", "A", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which most accurately describes all behavior?\nK. All behavior is affected neither by experience nor inheritance.\nF. All behavior is affected only by experience.\nA. All behavior is affected by both experience and inheritance.\nG. All behavior is affected only by inheritance.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2598}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008803", "question": "The formation of an ionic bond involves the", "choices": {"text": ["transfer of electrons.", "sharing of neutrons.", "transfer of neutrons.", "sharing of protons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The formation of an ionic bond involves the\nA. transfer of electrons.\nB. sharing of neutrons.\nC. transfer of neutrons.\nD. sharing of protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The formation of an ionic bond involves the", "choices": {"text": ["sharing of neutrons.", "transfer of neutrons.", "transfer of electrons.", "sharing of protons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The formation of an ionic bond involves the\nA. sharing of neutrons.\nB. transfer of neutrons.\nC. transfer of electrons.\nD. sharing of protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The formation of an ionic bond involves the", "choices": {"text": ["transfer of electrons.", "sharing of neutrons.", "transfer of neutrons.", "sharing of protons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The formation of an ionic bond involves the\n1. transfer of electrons.\n2. sharing of neutrons.\n3. transfer of neutrons.\n4. sharing of protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The formation of an ionic bond involves the", "choices": {"text": ["transfer of electrons.", "sharing of neutrons.", "transfer of neutrons.", "sharing of protons."], "label": ["N", "B", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The formation of an ionic bond involves the\nN. transfer of electrons.\nB. sharing of neutrons.\nS. transfer of neutrons.\nC. sharing of protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The formation of an ionic bond involves the", "choices": {"text": ["sharing of neutrons.", "transfer of neutrons.", "transfer of electrons.", "sharing of protons."], "label": ["N", "B", "S", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The formation of an ionic bond involves the\nN. sharing of neutrons.\nB. transfer of neutrons.\nS. transfer of electrons.\nC. sharing of protons.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2599}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_190138", "question": "Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a fallen rock", "a burning match", "a liter of gasoline", "a red-hot piece of iron"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?\nA. a fallen rock\nB. a burning match\nC. a liter of gasoline\nD. a red-hot piece of iron\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a burning match", "a fallen rock", "a red-hot piece of iron", "a liter of gasoline"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?\nA. a burning match\nB. a fallen rock\nC. a red-hot piece of iron\nD. a liter of gasoline\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a fallen rock", "a burning match", "a liter of gasoline", "a red-hot piece of iron"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?\n1. a fallen rock\n2. a burning match\n3. a liter of gasoline\n4. a red-hot piece of iron\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a fallen rock", "a burning match", "a liter of gasoline", "a red-hot piece of iron"], "label": ["Q", "D", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?\nQ. a fallen rock\nD. a burning match\nA. a liter of gasoline\nH. a red-hot piece of iron\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a burning match", "a fallen rock", "a red-hot piece of iron", "a liter of gasoline"], "label": ["Q", "D", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the best example of potential energy?\nQ. a burning match\nD. a fallen rock\nA. a red-hot piece of iron\nH. a liter of gasoline\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2600}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7173513", "question": "Astronomers measure distances using very large units called light years. Which distance between celestial objects would most likely be measured in light years?", "choices": {"text": ["distance between the Sun and Earth", "distance between the Moon and Earth", "distance between two stars in the same galaxy", "distance between two planets in the same solar system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Astronomers measure distances using very large units called light years. Which distance between celestial objects would most likely be measured in light years?\nA. distance between the Sun and Earth\nB. distance between the Moon and Earth\nC. distance between two stars in the same galaxy\nD. distance between two planets in the same solar system\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Astronomers measure distances using very large units called light years. Which distance between celestial objects would most likely be measured in light years?", "choices": {"text": ["distance between the Moon and Earth", "distance between the Sun and Earth", "distance between two planets in the same solar system", "distance between two stars in the same galaxy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Astronomers measure distances using very large units called light years. Which distance between celestial objects would most likely be measured in light years?\nA. distance between the Moon and Earth\nB. distance between the Sun and Earth\nC. distance between two planets in the same solar system\nD. distance between two stars in the same galaxy\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Astronomers measure distances using very large units called light years. Which distance between celestial objects would most likely be measured in light years?", "choices": {"text": ["distance between the Sun and Earth", "distance between the Moon and Earth", "distance between two stars in the same galaxy", "distance between two planets in the same solar system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Astronomers measure distances using very large units called light years. Which distance between celestial objects would most likely be measured in light years?\n1. distance between the Sun and Earth\n2. distance between the Moon and Earth\n3. distance between two stars in the same galaxy\n4. distance between two planets in the same solar system\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Astronomers measure distances using very large units called light years. Which distance between celestial objects would most likely be measured in light years?", "choices": {"text": ["distance between the Sun and Earth", "distance between the Moon and Earth", "distance between two stars in the same galaxy", "distance between two planets in the same solar system"], "label": ["O", "Q", "R", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Astronomers measure distances using very large units called light years. Which distance between celestial objects would most likely be measured in light years?\nO. distance between the Sun and Earth\nQ. distance between the Moon and Earth\nR. distance between two stars in the same galaxy\nV. distance between two planets in the same solar system\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Astronomers measure distances using very large units called light years. Which distance between celestial objects would most likely be measured in light years?", "choices": {"text": ["distance between the Moon and Earth", "distance between the Sun and Earth", "distance between two planets in the same solar system", "distance between two stars in the same galaxy"], "label": ["O", "Q", "R", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Astronomers measure distances using very large units called light years. Which distance between celestial objects would most likely be measured in light years?\nO. distance between the Moon and Earth\nQ. distance between the Sun and Earth\nR. distance between two planets in the same solar system\nV. distance between two stars in the same galaxy\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2601}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400391", "question": "Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?", "choices": {"text": ["colorful flowers to attract insects", "strong stems to stay upright", "waxy leaves to keep in water", "green color to photosynthesize"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?\nA. colorful flowers to attract insects\nB. strong stems to stay upright\nC. waxy leaves to keep in water\nD. green color to photosynthesize\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?", "choices": {"text": ["colorful flowers to attract insects", "waxy leaves to keep in water", "green color to photosynthesize", "strong stems to stay upright"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?\nA. colorful flowers to attract insects\nB. waxy leaves to keep in water\nC. green color to photosynthesize\nD. strong stems to stay upright\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?", "choices": {"text": ["colorful flowers to attract insects", "strong stems to stay upright", "waxy leaves to keep in water", "green color to photosynthesize"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?\n1. colorful flowers to attract insects\n2. strong stems to stay upright\n3. waxy leaves to keep in water\n4. green color to photosynthesize\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?", "choices": {"text": ["colorful flowers to attract insects", "strong stems to stay upright", "waxy leaves to keep in water", "green color to photosynthesize"], "label": ["K", "S", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?\nK. colorful flowers to attract insects\nS. strong stems to stay upright\nH. waxy leaves to keep in water\nZ. green color to photosynthesize\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?", "choices": {"text": ["colorful flowers to attract insects", "waxy leaves to keep in water", "green color to photosynthesize", "strong stems to stay upright"], "label": ["K", "S", "H", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of a plant would best help it survive in a very dry climate?\nK. colorful flowers to attract insects\nS. waxy leaves to keep in water\nH. green color to photosynthesize\nZ. strong stems to stay upright\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2602}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_179393", "question": "Which of the following laboratory practices should be avoided?", "choices": {"text": ["pouring water into an acid", "pouring a base into water", "pouring water into alcohol", "pouring alcohol into a base"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following laboratory practices should be avoided?\nA. pouring water into an acid\nB. pouring a base into water\nC. pouring water into alcohol\nD. pouring alcohol into a base\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following laboratory practices should be avoided?", "choices": {"text": ["pouring water into alcohol", "pouring a base into water", "pouring water into an acid", "pouring alcohol into a base"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following laboratory practices should be avoided?\nA. pouring water into alcohol\nB. pouring a base into water\nC. pouring water into an acid\nD. pouring alcohol into a base\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following laboratory practices should be avoided?", "choices": {"text": ["pouring water into an acid", "pouring a base into water", "pouring water into alcohol", "pouring alcohol into a base"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following laboratory practices should be avoided?\n1. pouring water into an acid\n2. pouring a base into water\n3. pouring water into alcohol\n4. pouring alcohol into a base\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following laboratory practices should be avoided?", "choices": {"text": ["pouring water into an acid", "pouring a base into water", "pouring water into alcohol", "pouring alcohol into a base"], "label": ["W", "H", "A", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following laboratory practices should be avoided?\nW. pouring water into an acid\nH. pouring a base into water\nA. pouring water into alcohol\nB. pouring alcohol into a base\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following laboratory practices should be avoided?", "choices": {"text": ["pouring water into alcohol", "pouring a base into water", "pouring water into an acid", "pouring alcohol into a base"], "label": ["W", "H", "A", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following laboratory practices should be avoided?\nW. pouring water into alcohol\nH. pouring a base into water\nA. pouring water into an acid\nB. pouring alcohol into a base\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2603}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405526", "question": "Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?", "choices": {"text": ["The tree would get sunlight.", "The tree would provide shelter for birds.", "The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.", "The temperature of the sidewalk would drop."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?\nA. The tree would get sunlight.\nB. The tree would provide shelter for birds.\nC. The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.\nD. The temperature of the sidewalk would drop.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?", "choices": {"text": ["The tree would provide shelter for birds.", "The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.", "The temperature of the sidewalk would drop.", "The tree would get sunlight."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?\nA. The tree would provide shelter for birds.\nB. The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.\nC. The temperature of the sidewalk would drop.\nD. The tree would get sunlight.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?", "choices": {"text": ["The tree would get sunlight.", "The tree would provide shelter for birds.", "The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.", "The temperature of the sidewalk would drop."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?\n1. The tree would get sunlight.\n2. The tree would provide shelter for birds.\n3. The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.\n4. The temperature of the sidewalk would drop.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?", "choices": {"text": ["The tree would get sunlight.", "The tree would provide shelter for birds.", "The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.", "The temperature of the sidewalk would drop."], "label": ["L", "W", "J", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?\nL. The tree would get sunlight.\nW. The tree would provide shelter for birds.\nJ. The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.\nE. The temperature of the sidewalk would drop.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?", "choices": {"text": ["The tree would provide shelter for birds.", "The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.", "The temperature of the sidewalk would drop.", "The tree would get sunlight."], "label": ["L", "W", "J", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?\nL. The tree would provide shelter for birds.\nW. The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.\nJ. The temperature of the sidewalk would drop.\nE. The tree would get sunlight.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2604}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1999_4_3", "question": "The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by", "choices": {"text": ["wind, water, and insects.", "sun, water, and roots.", "humans, sun, and stems.", "roots, wind, and stems."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by\nA. wind, water, and insects.\nB. sun, water, and roots.\nC. humans, sun, and stems.\nD. roots, wind, and stems.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by", "choices": {"text": ["roots, wind, and stems.", "wind, water, and insects.", "humans, sun, and stems.", "sun, water, and roots."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by\nA. roots, wind, and stems.\nB. wind, water, and insects.\nC. humans, sun, and stems.\nD. sun, water, and roots.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by", "choices": {"text": ["wind, water, and insects.", "sun, water, and roots.", "humans, sun, and stems.", "roots, wind, and stems."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by\n1. wind, water, and insects.\n2. sun, water, and roots.\n3. humans, sun, and stems.\n4. roots, wind, and stems.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by", "choices": {"text": ["wind, water, and insects.", "sun, water, and roots.", "humans, sun, and stems.", "roots, wind, and stems."], "label": ["G", "D", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by\nG. wind, water, and insects.\nD. sun, water, and roots.\nV. humans, sun, and stems.\nB. roots, wind, and stems.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by", "choices": {"text": ["roots, wind, and stems.", "wind, water, and insects.", "humans, sun, and stems.", "sun, water, and roots."], "label": ["G", "D", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The life cycle of some plants includes the process of pollination. Pollination is helped by\nG. roots, wind, and stems.\nD. wind, water, and insects.\nV. humans, sun, and stems.\nB. sun, water, and roots.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2605}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400862", "question": "A wire is wrapped around a metal nail and connected to a battery. If the battery is active, the nail will", "choices": {"text": ["vibrate.", "create sound.", "produce heat.", "become magnetic."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A wire is wrapped around a metal nail and connected to a battery. If the battery is active, the nail will\nA. vibrate.\nB. create sound.\nC. produce heat.\nD. become magnetic.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A wire is wrapped around a metal nail and connected to a battery. If the battery is active, the nail will", "choices": {"text": ["become magnetic.", "produce heat.", "create sound.", "vibrate."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A wire is wrapped around a metal nail and connected to a battery. If the battery is active, the nail will\nA. become magnetic.\nB. produce heat.\nC. create sound.\nD. vibrate.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A wire is wrapped around a metal nail and connected to a battery. If the battery is active, the nail will", "choices": {"text": ["vibrate.", "create sound.", "produce heat.", "become magnetic."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A wire is wrapped around a metal nail and connected to a battery. If the battery is active, the nail will\n1. vibrate.\n2. create sound.\n3. produce heat.\n4. become magnetic.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A wire is wrapped around a metal nail and connected to a battery. If the battery is active, the nail will", "choices": {"text": ["vibrate.", "create sound.", "produce heat.", "become magnetic."], "label": ["T", "E", "Z", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: A wire is wrapped around a metal nail and connected to a battery. If the battery is active, the nail will\nT. vibrate.\nE. create sound.\nZ. produce heat.\nA. become magnetic.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A wire is wrapped around a metal nail and connected to a battery. If the battery is active, the nail will", "choices": {"text": ["become magnetic.", "produce heat.", "create sound.", "vibrate."], "label": ["T", "E", "Z", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: A wire is wrapped around a metal nail and connected to a battery. If the battery is active, the nail will\nT. become magnetic.\nE. produce heat.\nZ. create sound.\nA. vibrate.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2606}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7203508", "question": "The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?", "choices": {"text": ["provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats", "protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting", "prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live", "move the numbat to a different habitat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?\nA. provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats\nB. protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting\nC. prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live\nD. move the numbat to a different habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?", "choices": {"text": ["provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats", "move the numbat to a different habitat", "protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting", "prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?\nA. provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats\nB. move the numbat to a different habitat\nC. protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting\nD. prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?", "choices": {"text": ["provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats", "protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting", "prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live", "move the numbat to a different habitat"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?\n1. provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats\n2. protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting\n3. prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live\n4. move the numbat to a different habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?", "choices": {"text": ["provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats", "protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting", "prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live", "move the numbat to a different habitat"], "label": ["Y", "D", "B", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?\nY. provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats\nD. protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting\nB. prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live\nO. move the numbat to a different habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?", "choices": {"text": ["provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats", "move the numbat to a different habitat", "protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting", "prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live"], "label": ["Y", "D", "B", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?\nY. provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats\nD. move the numbat to a different habitat\nB. protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting\nO. prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2607}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7016573", "question": "When a predator feeding on certain prey is removed from the environment, which variable will most likely determine whether or not the prey will survive?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature", "available food", "relative humidity", "competition with other species"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a predator feeding on certain prey is removed from the environment, which variable will most likely determine whether or not the prey will survive?\nA. temperature\nB. available food\nC. relative humidity\nD. competition with other species\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When a predator feeding on certain prey is removed from the environment, which variable will most likely determine whether or not the prey will survive?", "choices": {"text": ["available food", "relative humidity", "temperature", "competition with other species"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a predator feeding on certain prey is removed from the environment, which variable will most likely determine whether or not the prey will survive?\nA. available food\nB. relative humidity\nC. temperature\nD. competition with other species\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When a predator feeding on certain prey is removed from the environment, which variable will most likely determine whether or not the prey will survive?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature", "available food", "relative humidity", "competition with other species"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a predator feeding on certain prey is removed from the environment, which variable will most likely determine whether or not the prey will survive?\n1. temperature\n2. available food\n3. relative humidity\n4. competition with other species\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a predator feeding on certain prey is removed from the environment, which variable will most likely determine whether or not the prey will survive?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature", "available food", "relative humidity", "competition with other species"], "label": ["V", "D", "L", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a predator feeding on certain prey is removed from the environment, which variable will most likely determine whether or not the prey will survive?\nV. temperature\nD. available food\nL. relative humidity\nO. competition with other species\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When a predator feeding on certain prey is removed from the environment, which variable will most likely determine whether or not the prey will survive?", "choices": {"text": ["available food", "relative humidity", "temperature", "competition with other species"], "label": ["V", "D", "L", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: When a predator feeding on certain prey is removed from the environment, which variable will most likely determine whether or not the prey will survive?\nV. available food\nD. relative humidity\nL. temperature\nO. competition with other species\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2608}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_415772", "question": "If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "gravity", "electricity", "friction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?\nA. magnetism\nB. gravity\nC. electricity\nD. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "electricity", "gravity", "friction"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?\nA. magnetism\nB. electricity\nC. gravity\nD. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "gravity", "electricity", "friction"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?\n1. magnetism\n2. gravity\n3. electricity\n4. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "gravity", "electricity", "friction"], "label": ["H", "U", "T", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?\nH. magnetism\nU. gravity\nT. electricity\nF. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "electricity", "gravity", "friction"], "label": ["H", "U", "T", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?\nH. magnetism\nU. electricity\nT. gravity\nF. friction\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2609}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7057540", "question": "Persians are one of several breeds of domestic cat, Felis catus. Which attribute can be used to classify organisms as Felis catus?", "choices": {"text": ["form of locomotion", "method and frequency of reproduction", "environment in which they are found", "genetic and structural characteristics"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Persians are one of several breeds of domestic cat, Felis catus. Which attribute can be used to classify organisms as Felis catus?\nA. form of locomotion\nB. method and frequency of reproduction\nC. environment in which they are found\nD. genetic and structural characteristics\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Persians are one of several breeds of domestic cat, Felis catus. Which attribute can be used to classify organisms as Felis catus?", "choices": {"text": ["environment in which they are found", "genetic and structural characteristics", "method and frequency of reproduction", "form of locomotion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Persians are one of several breeds of domestic cat, Felis catus. Which attribute can be used to classify organisms as Felis catus?\nA. environment in which they are found\nB. genetic and structural characteristics\nC. method and frequency of reproduction\nD. form of locomotion\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Persians are one of several breeds of domestic cat, Felis catus. Which attribute can be used to classify organisms as Felis catus?", "choices": {"text": ["form of locomotion", "method and frequency of reproduction", "environment in which they are found", "genetic and structural characteristics"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Persians are one of several breeds of domestic cat, Felis catus. Which attribute can be used to classify organisms as Felis catus?\n1. form of locomotion\n2. method and frequency of reproduction\n3. environment in which they are found\n4. genetic and structural characteristics\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Persians are one of several breeds of domestic cat, Felis catus. Which attribute can be used to classify organisms as Felis catus?", "choices": {"text": ["form of locomotion", "method and frequency of reproduction", "environment in which they are found", "genetic and structural characteristics"], "label": ["J", "M", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Persians are one of several breeds of domestic cat, Felis catus. Which attribute can be used to classify organisms as Felis catus?\nJ. form of locomotion\nM. method and frequency of reproduction\nX. environment in which they are found\nK. genetic and structural characteristics\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Persians are one of several breeds of domestic cat, Felis catus. Which attribute can be used to classify organisms as Felis catus?", "choices": {"text": ["environment in which they are found", "genetic and structural characteristics", "method and frequency of reproduction", "form of locomotion"], "label": ["J", "M", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Persians are one of several breeds of domestic cat, Felis catus. Which attribute can be used to classify organisms as Felis catus?\nJ. environment in which they are found\nM. genetic and structural characteristics\nX. method and frequency of reproduction\nK. form of locomotion\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2610}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_417570", "question": "Most South American monkeys have color vision. But the members of one genus, Aotus , also known as \"owl monkeys,\" do not have color vision. Scientists think that the genus evolved from monkeys that did have color vision. The ability to see color was lost when it was no longer helpful. Which other trait of the genus would contribute most to making color vision unimportant?", "choices": {"text": ["The monkeys live in the trees of dense forests.", "The monkeys make eight different sounds.", "The monkeys are active only at night.", "The monkeys choose mates for life."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most South American monkeys have color vision. But the members of one genus, Aotus , also known as \"owl monkeys,\" do not have color vision. Scientists think that the genus evolved from monkeys that did have color vision. The ability to see color was lost when it was no longer helpful. Which other trait of the genus would contribute most to making color vision unimportant?\nA. The monkeys live in the trees of dense forests.\nB. The monkeys make eight different sounds.\nC. The monkeys are active only at night.\nD. The monkeys choose mates for life.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Most South American monkeys have color vision. But the members of one genus, Aotus , also known as \"owl monkeys,\" do not have color vision. Scientists think that the genus evolved from monkeys that did have color vision. The ability to see color was lost when it was no longer helpful. Which other trait of the genus would contribute most to making color vision unimportant?", "choices": {"text": ["The monkeys live in the trees of dense forests.", "The monkeys choose mates for life.", "The monkeys make eight different sounds.", "The monkeys are active only at night."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most South American monkeys have color vision. But the members of one genus, Aotus , also known as \"owl monkeys,\" do not have color vision. Scientists think that the genus evolved from monkeys that did have color vision. The ability to see color was lost when it was no longer helpful. Which other trait of the genus would contribute most to making color vision unimportant?\nA. The monkeys live in the trees of dense forests.\nB. The monkeys choose mates for life.\nC. The monkeys make eight different sounds.\nD. The monkeys are active only at night.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Most South American monkeys have color vision. But the members of one genus, Aotus , also known as \"owl monkeys,\" do not have color vision. Scientists think that the genus evolved from monkeys that did have color vision. The ability to see color was lost when it was no longer helpful. Which other trait of the genus would contribute most to making color vision unimportant?", "choices": {"text": ["The monkeys live in the trees of dense forests.", "The monkeys make eight different sounds.", "The monkeys are active only at night.", "The monkeys choose mates for life."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most South American monkeys have color vision. But the members of one genus, Aotus , also known as \"owl monkeys,\" do not have color vision. Scientists think that the genus evolved from monkeys that did have color vision. The ability to see color was lost when it was no longer helpful. Which other trait of the genus would contribute most to making color vision unimportant?\n1. The monkeys live in the trees of dense forests.\n2. The monkeys make eight different sounds.\n3. The monkeys are active only at night.\n4. The monkeys choose mates for life.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most South American monkeys have color vision. But the members of one genus, Aotus , also known as \"owl monkeys,\" do not have color vision. Scientists think that the genus evolved from monkeys that did have color vision. The ability to see color was lost when it was no longer helpful. Which other trait of the genus would contribute most to making color vision unimportant?", "choices": {"text": ["The monkeys live in the trees of dense forests.", "The monkeys make eight different sounds.", "The monkeys are active only at night.", "The monkeys choose mates for life."], "label": ["K", "Z", "L", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most South American monkeys have color vision. But the members of one genus, Aotus , also known as \"owl monkeys,\" do not have color vision. Scientists think that the genus evolved from monkeys that did have color vision. The ability to see color was lost when it was no longer helpful. Which other trait of the genus would contribute most to making color vision unimportant?\nK. The monkeys live in the trees of dense forests.\nZ. The monkeys make eight different sounds.\nL. The monkeys are active only at night.\nJ. The monkeys choose mates for life.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most South American monkeys have color vision. But the members of one genus, Aotus , also known as \"owl monkeys,\" do not have color vision. Scientists think that the genus evolved from monkeys that did have color vision. The ability to see color was lost when it was no longer helpful. Which other trait of the genus would contribute most to making color vision unimportant?", "choices": {"text": ["The monkeys live in the trees of dense forests.", "The monkeys choose mates for life.", "The monkeys make eight different sounds.", "The monkeys are active only at night."], "label": ["K", "Z", "L", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most South American monkeys have color vision. But the members of one genus, Aotus , also known as \"owl monkeys,\" do not have color vision. Scientists think that the genus evolved from monkeys that did have color vision. The ability to see color was lost when it was no longer helpful. Which other trait of the genus would contribute most to making color vision unimportant?\nK. The monkeys live in the trees of dense forests.\nZ. The monkeys choose mates for life.\nL. The monkeys make eight different sounds.\nJ. The monkeys are active only at night.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2611}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7064523", "question": "Which organelle in a plant cell captures sunlight and converts the energy into food?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "chloroplast", "cell membrane", "cell wall"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organelle in a plant cell captures sunlight and converts the energy into food?\nA. nucleus\nB. chloroplast\nC. cell membrane\nD. cell wall\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organelle in a plant cell captures sunlight and converts the energy into food?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplast", "cell membrane", "nucleus", "cell wall"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organelle in a plant cell captures sunlight and converts the energy into food?\nA. chloroplast\nB. cell membrane\nC. nucleus\nD. cell wall\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organelle in a plant cell captures sunlight and converts the energy into food?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "chloroplast", "cell membrane", "cell wall"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organelle in a plant cell captures sunlight and converts the energy into food?\n1. nucleus\n2. chloroplast\n3. cell membrane\n4. cell wall\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organelle in a plant cell captures sunlight and converts the energy into food?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "chloroplast", "cell membrane", "cell wall"], "label": ["U", "B", "W", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organelle in a plant cell captures sunlight and converts the energy into food?\nU. nucleus\nB. chloroplast\nW. cell membrane\nH. cell wall\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which organelle in a plant cell captures sunlight and converts the energy into food?", "choices": {"text": ["chloroplast", "cell membrane", "nucleus", "cell wall"], "label": ["U", "B", "W", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which organelle in a plant cell captures sunlight and converts the energy into food?\nU. chloroplast\nB. cell membrane\nW. nucleus\nH. cell wall\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2612}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401367", "question": "The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is", "choices": {"text": ["gravity.", "friction.", "magnetism.", "nuclear."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is\nA. gravity.\nB. friction.\nC. magnetism.\nD. nuclear.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is", "choices": {"text": ["friction.", "gravity.", "magnetism.", "nuclear."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is\nA. friction.\nB. gravity.\nC. magnetism.\nD. nuclear.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is", "choices": {"text": ["gravity.", "friction.", "magnetism.", "nuclear."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is\n1. gravity.\n2. friction.\n3. magnetism.\n4. nuclear.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is", "choices": {"text": ["gravity.", "friction.", "magnetism.", "nuclear."], "label": ["F", "B", "Z", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is\nF. gravity.\nB. friction.\nZ. magnetism.\nV. nuclear.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is", "choices": {"text": ["friction.", "gravity.", "magnetism.", "nuclear."], "label": ["F", "B", "Z", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force necessary to keep planets in orbit around the Sun is\nF. friction.\nB. gravity.\nZ. magnetism.\nV. nuclear.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2613}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7090650", "question": "Which of these geologic features results from tectonic plates slowly moving over a hot spot?", "choices": {"text": ["plateaus", "islands", "canyons", "deltas"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these geologic features results from tectonic plates slowly moving over a hot spot?\nA. plateaus\nB. islands\nC. canyons\nD. deltas\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these geologic features results from tectonic plates slowly moving over a hot spot?", "choices": {"text": ["islands", "deltas", "plateaus", "canyons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these geologic features results from tectonic plates slowly moving over a hot spot?\nA. islands\nB. deltas\nC. plateaus\nD. canyons\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these geologic features results from tectonic plates slowly moving over a hot spot?", "choices": {"text": ["plateaus", "islands", "canyons", "deltas"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these geologic features results from tectonic plates slowly moving over a hot spot?\n1. plateaus\n2. islands\n3. canyons\n4. deltas\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these geologic features results from tectonic plates slowly moving over a hot spot?", "choices": {"text": ["plateaus", "islands", "canyons", "deltas"], "label": ["S", "T", "H", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these geologic features results from tectonic plates slowly moving over a hot spot?\nS. plateaus\nT. islands\nH. canyons\nV. deltas\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these geologic features results from tectonic plates slowly moving over a hot spot?", "choices": {"text": ["islands", "deltas", "plateaus", "canyons"], "label": ["S", "T", "H", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these geologic features results from tectonic plates slowly moving over a hot spot?\nS. islands\nT. deltas\nH. plateaus\nV. canyons\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2614}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_5_48", "question": "The weather forecast indicates that a warm front will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which type of weather will most likely result?", "choices": {"text": ["clear skies and cold temperatures", "clear skies and hot temperatures", "cloudy skies and rainy weather", "heavy snow and ice"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The weather forecast indicates that a warm front will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which type of weather will most likely result?\nA. clear skies and cold temperatures\nB. clear skies and hot temperatures\nC. cloudy skies and rainy weather\nD. heavy snow and ice\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The weather forecast indicates that a warm front will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which type of weather will most likely result?", "choices": {"text": ["cloudy skies and rainy weather", "clear skies and cold temperatures", "clear skies and hot temperatures", "heavy snow and ice"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The weather forecast indicates that a warm front will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which type of weather will most likely result?\nA. cloudy skies and rainy weather\nB. clear skies and cold temperatures\nC. clear skies and hot temperatures\nD. heavy snow and ice\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The weather forecast indicates that a warm front will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which type of weather will most likely result?", "choices": {"text": ["clear skies and cold temperatures", "clear skies and hot temperatures", "cloudy skies and rainy weather", "heavy snow and ice"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The weather forecast indicates that a warm front will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which type of weather will most likely result?\n1. clear skies and cold temperatures\n2. clear skies and hot temperatures\n3. cloudy skies and rainy weather\n4. heavy snow and ice\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The weather forecast indicates that a warm front will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which type of weather will most likely result?", "choices": {"text": ["clear skies and cold temperatures", "clear skies and hot temperatures", "cloudy skies and rainy weather", "heavy snow and ice"], "label": ["F", "I", "C", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The weather forecast indicates that a warm front will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which type of weather will most likely result?\nF. clear skies and cold temperatures\nI. clear skies and hot temperatures\nC. cloudy skies and rainy weather\nX. heavy snow and ice\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The weather forecast indicates that a warm front will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which type of weather will most likely result?", "choices": {"text": ["cloudy skies and rainy weather", "clear skies and cold temperatures", "clear skies and hot temperatures", "heavy snow and ice"], "label": ["F", "I", "C", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The weather forecast indicates that a warm front will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which type of weather will most likely result?\nF. cloudy skies and rainy weather\nI. clear skies and cold temperatures\nC. clear skies and hot temperatures\nX. heavy snow and ice\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2615}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2010_4_13", "question": "Flexibility is a physical property of some matter. Which of these materials best demonstrates the property of flexibility?", "choices": {"text": ["a mirror", "a pencil", "a metal wire", "a telephone pole"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Flexibility is a physical property of some matter. Which of these materials best demonstrates the property of flexibility?\nA. a mirror\nB. a pencil\nC. a metal wire\nD. a telephone pole\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Flexibility is a physical property of some matter. Which of these materials best demonstrates the property of flexibility?", "choices": {"text": ["a pencil", "a telephone pole", "a mirror", "a metal wire"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Flexibility is a physical property of some matter. Which of these materials best demonstrates the property of flexibility?\nA. a pencil\nB. a telephone pole\nC. a mirror\nD. a metal wire\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Flexibility is a physical property of some matter. Which of these materials best demonstrates the property of flexibility?", "choices": {"text": ["a mirror", "a pencil", "a metal wire", "a telephone pole"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Flexibility is a physical property of some matter. Which of these materials best demonstrates the property of flexibility?\n1. a mirror\n2. a pencil\n3. a metal wire\n4. a telephone pole\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Flexibility is a physical property of some matter. Which of these materials best demonstrates the property of flexibility?", "choices": {"text": ["a mirror", "a pencil", "a metal wire", "a telephone pole"], "label": ["C", "Y", "M", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Flexibility is a physical property of some matter. Which of these materials best demonstrates the property of flexibility?\nC. a mirror\nY. a pencil\nM. a metal wire\nG. a telephone pole\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Flexibility is a physical property of some matter. Which of these materials best demonstrates the property of flexibility?", "choices": {"text": ["a pencil", "a telephone pole", "a mirror", "a metal wire"], "label": ["C", "Y", "M", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Flexibility is a physical property of some matter. Which of these materials best demonstrates the property of flexibility?\nC. a pencil\nY. a telephone pole\nM. a mirror\nG. a metal wire\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2616}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7247905", "question": "Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?", "choices": {"text": ["fetus", "sperm", "egg", "embryo"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?\nA. fetus\nB. sperm\nC. egg\nD. embryo\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?", "choices": {"text": ["egg", "fetus", "embryo", "sperm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?\nA. egg\nB. fetus\nC. embryo\nD. sperm\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?", "choices": {"text": ["fetus", "sperm", "egg", "embryo"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?\n1. fetus\n2. sperm\n3. egg\n4. embryo\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?", "choices": {"text": ["fetus", "sperm", "egg", "embryo"], "label": ["Y", "G", "H", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?\nY. fetus\nG. sperm\nH. egg\nB. embryo\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?", "choices": {"text": ["egg", "fetus", "embryo", "sperm"], "label": ["Y", "G", "H", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?\nY. egg\nG. fetus\nH. embryo\nB. sperm\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2617}
{"arc_id": "WASL_2005_5_11", "question": "What is the function of skin on the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["Skin has pores that help the body sense odor.", "Skin protects the body from harmful substances.", "Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream."], "label": ["A", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the function of skin on the human body?\nA. Skin has pores that help the body sense odor.\nB. Skin protects the body from harmful substances.\nC. Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the function of skin on the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["Skin protects the body from harmful substances.", "Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream.", "Skin has pores that help the body sense odor."], "label": ["A", "B", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the function of skin on the human body?\nA. Skin protects the body from harmful substances.\nB. Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream.\nC. Skin has pores that help the body sense odor.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the function of skin on the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["Skin has pores that help the body sense odor.", "Skin protects the body from harmful substances.", "Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream."], "label": ["1", "2", "3"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the function of skin on the human body?\n1. Skin has pores that help the body sense odor.\n2. Skin protects the body from harmful substances.\n3. Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the function of skin on the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["Skin has pores that help the body sense odor.", "Skin protects the body from harmful substances.", "Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream."], "label": ["L", "I", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the function of skin on the human body?\nL. Skin has pores that help the body sense odor.\nI. Skin protects the body from harmful substances.\nP. Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the function of skin on the human body?", "choices": {"text": ["Skin protects the body from harmful substances.", "Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream.", "Skin has pores that help the body sense odor."], "label": ["L", "I", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the function of skin on the human body?\nL. Skin protects the body from harmful substances.\nI. Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream.\nP. Skin has pores that help the body sense odor.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2618}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7188265", "question": "Students run laps around the track in physical education class. After a few laps, the students' breathing gets heavier, and their pace begins to slow. The students are most likely slowing down because", "choices": {"text": ["they are exhaling carbon dioxide.", "their lung cells are multiplying.", "their respiratory system stops functioning.", "they are getting less oxygen to their cells."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students run laps around the track in physical education class. After a few laps, the students' breathing gets heavier, and their pace begins to slow. The students are most likely slowing down because\nA. they are exhaling carbon dioxide.\nB. their lung cells are multiplying.\nC. their respiratory system stops functioning.\nD. they are getting less oxygen to their cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Students run laps around the track in physical education class. After a few laps, the students' breathing gets heavier, and their pace begins to slow. The students are most likely slowing down because", "choices": {"text": ["they are getting less oxygen to their cells.", "their lung cells are multiplying.", "they are exhaling carbon dioxide.", "their respiratory system stops functioning."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students run laps around the track in physical education class. After a few laps, the students' breathing gets heavier, and their pace begins to slow. The students are most likely slowing down because\nA. they are getting less oxygen to their cells.\nB. their lung cells are multiplying.\nC. they are exhaling carbon dioxide.\nD. their respiratory system stops functioning.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Students run laps around the track in physical education class. After a few laps, the students' breathing gets heavier, and their pace begins to slow. The students are most likely slowing down because", "choices": {"text": ["they are exhaling carbon dioxide.", "their lung cells are multiplying.", "their respiratory system stops functioning.", "they are getting less oxygen to their cells."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students run laps around the track in physical education class. After a few laps, the students' breathing gets heavier, and their pace begins to slow. The students are most likely slowing down because\n1. they are exhaling carbon dioxide.\n2. their lung cells are multiplying.\n3. their respiratory system stops functioning.\n4. they are getting less oxygen to their cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students run laps around the track in physical education class. After a few laps, the students' breathing gets heavier, and their pace begins to slow. The students are most likely slowing down because", "choices": {"text": ["they are exhaling carbon dioxide.", "their lung cells are multiplying.", "their respiratory system stops functioning.", "they are getting less oxygen to their cells."], "label": ["U", "H", "O", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students run laps around the track in physical education class. After a few laps, the students' breathing gets heavier, and their pace begins to slow. The students are most likely slowing down because\nU. they are exhaling carbon dioxide.\nH. their lung cells are multiplying.\nO. their respiratory system stops functioning.\nY. they are getting less oxygen to their cells.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Students run laps around the track in physical education class. After a few laps, the students' breathing gets heavier, and their pace begins to slow. The students are most likely slowing down because", "choices": {"text": ["they are getting less oxygen to their cells.", "their lung cells are multiplying.", "they are exhaling carbon dioxide.", "their respiratory system stops functioning."], "label": ["U", "H", "O", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Students run laps around the track in physical education class. After a few laps, the students' breathing gets heavier, and their pace begins to slow. The students are most likely slowing down because\nU. they are getting less oxygen to their cells.\nH. their lung cells are multiplying.\nO. they are exhaling carbon dioxide.\nY. their respiratory system stops functioning.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2619}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_401035", "question": "The Periodic Table is arranged in rows and columns. From left to right along a row, the atomic number in each column", "choices": {"text": ["decreases by 2.", "increases by 1.", "decreases for gases.", "increases for metals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Periodic Table is arranged in rows and columns. From left to right along a row, the atomic number in each column\nA. decreases by 2.\nB. increases by 1.\nC. decreases for gases.\nD. increases for metals.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Periodic Table is arranged in rows and columns. From left to right along a row, the atomic number in each column", "choices": {"text": ["increases by 1.", "decreases for gases.", "decreases by 2.", "increases for metals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Periodic Table is arranged in rows and columns. From left to right along a row, the atomic number in each column\nA. increases by 1.\nB. decreases for gases.\nC. decreases by 2.\nD. increases for metals.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Periodic Table is arranged in rows and columns. From left to right along a row, the atomic number in each column", "choices": {"text": ["decreases by 2.", "increases by 1.", "decreases for gases.", "increases for metals."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Periodic Table is arranged in rows and columns. From left to right along a row, the atomic number in each column\n1. decreases by 2.\n2. increases by 1.\n3. decreases for gases.\n4. increases for metals.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Periodic Table is arranged in rows and columns. From left to right along a row, the atomic number in each column", "choices": {"text": ["decreases by 2.", "increases by 1.", "decreases for gases.", "increases for metals."], "label": ["L", "P", "E", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Periodic Table is arranged in rows and columns. From left to right along a row, the atomic number in each column\nL. decreases by 2.\nP. increases by 1.\nE. decreases for gases.\nB. increases for metals.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Periodic Table is arranged in rows and columns. From left to right along a row, the atomic number in each column", "choices": {"text": ["increases by 1.", "decreases for gases.", "decreases by 2.", "increases for metals."], "label": ["L", "P", "E", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Periodic Table is arranged in rows and columns. From left to right along a row, the atomic number in each column\nL. increases by 1.\nP. decreases for gases.\nE. decreases by 2.\nB. increases for metals.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2620}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7213080", "question": "Which of these gases, on average, has the lowest volume in the atmosphere of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these gases, on average, has the lowest volume in the atmosphere of Earth?\nA. oxygen\nB. nitrogen\nC. water vapor\nD. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these gases, on average, has the lowest volume in the atmosphere of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["water vapor", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "nitrogen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these gases, on average, has the lowest volume in the atmosphere of Earth?\nA. water vapor\nB. carbon dioxide\nC. oxygen\nD. nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these gases, on average, has the lowest volume in the atmosphere of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these gases, on average, has the lowest volume in the atmosphere of Earth?\n1. oxygen\n2. nitrogen\n3. water vapor\n4. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these gases, on average, has the lowest volume in the atmosphere of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["Y", "O", "E", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these gases, on average, has the lowest volume in the atmosphere of Earth?\nY. oxygen\nO. nitrogen\nE. water vapor\nU. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these gases, on average, has the lowest volume in the atmosphere of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["water vapor", "carbon dioxide", "oxygen", "nitrogen"], "label": ["Y", "O", "E", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these gases, on average, has the lowest volume in the atmosphere of Earth?\nY. water vapor\nO. carbon dioxide\nE. oxygen\nU. nitrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2621}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7233783", "question": "The most significant human-induced impact on Earth's atmosphere comes from the use of which energy resource?", "choices": {"text": ["flowing water", "fossil fuels", "sunlight", "winds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The most significant human-induced impact on Earth's atmosphere comes from the use of which energy resource?\nA. flowing water\nB. fossil fuels\nC. sunlight\nD. winds\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The most significant human-induced impact on Earth's atmosphere comes from the use of which energy resource?", "choices": {"text": ["fossil fuels", "winds", "sunlight", "flowing water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The most significant human-induced impact on Earth's atmosphere comes from the use of which energy resource?\nA. fossil fuels\nB. winds\nC. sunlight\nD. flowing water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The most significant human-induced impact on Earth's atmosphere comes from the use of which energy resource?", "choices": {"text": ["flowing water", "fossil fuels", "sunlight", "winds"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The most significant human-induced impact on Earth's atmosphere comes from the use of which energy resource?\n1. flowing water\n2. fossil fuels\n3. sunlight\n4. winds\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The most significant human-induced impact on Earth's atmosphere comes from the use of which energy resource?", "choices": {"text": ["flowing water", "fossil fuels", "sunlight", "winds"], "label": ["R", "C", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The most significant human-induced impact on Earth's atmosphere comes from the use of which energy resource?\nR. flowing water\nC. fossil fuels\nD. sunlight\nB. winds\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The most significant human-induced impact on Earth's atmosphere comes from the use of which energy resource?", "choices": {"text": ["fossil fuels", "winds", "sunlight", "flowing water"], "label": ["R", "C", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The most significant human-induced impact on Earth's atmosphere comes from the use of which energy resource?\nR. fossil fuels\nC. winds\nD. sunlight\nB. flowing water\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2622}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2008_5_39", "question": "The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?", "choices": {"text": ["copper wire", "steel beams", "wood boards", "plastic siding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?\nA. copper wire\nB. steel beams\nC. wood boards\nD. plastic siding\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?", "choices": {"text": ["steel beams", "wood boards", "copper wire", "plastic siding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?\nA. steel beams\nB. wood boards\nC. copper wire\nD. plastic siding\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?", "choices": {"text": ["copper wire", "steel beams", "wood boards", "plastic siding"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?\n1. copper wire\n2. steel beams\n3. wood boards\n4. plastic siding\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?", "choices": {"text": ["copper wire", "steel beams", "wood boards", "plastic siding"], "label": ["P", "H", "N", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?\nP. copper wire\nH. steel beams\nN. wood boards\nB. plastic siding\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?", "choices": {"text": ["steel beams", "wood boards", "copper wire", "plastic siding"], "label": ["P", "H", "N", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: The building of houses in Maryland uses many different materials. Which building material is made of a renewable natural resource?\nP. steel beams\nH. wood boards\nN. copper wire\nB. plastic siding\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2623}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2008_4_22", "question": "Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?", "choices": {"text": ["telescope", "binoculars", "hand lens", "microscope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?\nA. telescope\nB. binoculars\nC. hand lens\nD. microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?", "choices": {"text": ["hand lens", "telescope", "microscope", "binoculars"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?\nA. hand lens\nB. telescope\nC. microscope\nD. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?", "choices": {"text": ["telescope", "binoculars", "hand lens", "microscope"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?\n1. telescope\n2. binoculars\n3. hand lens\n4. microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?", "choices": {"text": ["telescope", "binoculars", "hand lens", "microscope"], "label": ["H", "N", "L", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?\nH. telescope\nN. binoculars\nL. hand lens\nF. microscope\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?", "choices": {"text": ["hand lens", "telescope", "microscope", "binoculars"], "label": ["H", "N", "L", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which tool would best help a student closely observe the smallest living thing in a drop of pond water?\nH. hand lens\nN. telescope\nL. microscope\nF. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2624}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026600", "question": "Planting certain crop plants in a field causes a disruption of the natural nitrogen cycle in that field. Which outcome would this disruption most DIRECTLY cause in the field over time?", "choices": {"text": ["topsoil erodes", "soil nutrients decrease", "desert conditions appear", "atmospheric carbon dioxide increases"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planting certain crop plants in a field causes a disruption of the natural nitrogen cycle in that field. Which outcome would this disruption most DIRECTLY cause in the field over time?\nA. topsoil erodes\nB. soil nutrients decrease\nC. desert conditions appear\nD. atmospheric carbon dioxide increases\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Planting certain crop plants in a field causes a disruption of the natural nitrogen cycle in that field. Which outcome would this disruption most DIRECTLY cause in the field over time?", "choices": {"text": ["atmospheric carbon dioxide increases", "desert conditions appear", "topsoil erodes", "soil nutrients decrease"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planting certain crop plants in a field causes a disruption of the natural nitrogen cycle in that field. Which outcome would this disruption most DIRECTLY cause in the field over time?\nA. atmospheric carbon dioxide increases\nB. desert conditions appear\nC. topsoil erodes\nD. soil nutrients decrease\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Planting certain crop plants in a field causes a disruption of the natural nitrogen cycle in that field. Which outcome would this disruption most DIRECTLY cause in the field over time?", "choices": {"text": ["topsoil erodes", "soil nutrients decrease", "desert conditions appear", "atmospheric carbon dioxide increases"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planting certain crop plants in a field causes a disruption of the natural nitrogen cycle in that field. Which outcome would this disruption most DIRECTLY cause in the field over time?\n1. topsoil erodes\n2. soil nutrients decrease\n3. desert conditions appear\n4. atmospheric carbon dioxide increases\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Planting certain crop plants in a field causes a disruption of the natural nitrogen cycle in that field. Which outcome would this disruption most DIRECTLY cause in the field over time?", "choices": {"text": ["topsoil erodes", "soil nutrients decrease", "desert conditions appear", "atmospheric carbon dioxide increases"], "label": ["U", "H", "C", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planting certain crop plants in a field causes a disruption of the natural nitrogen cycle in that field. Which outcome would this disruption most DIRECTLY cause in the field over time?\nU. topsoil erodes\nH. soil nutrients decrease\nC. desert conditions appear\nM. atmospheric carbon dioxide increases\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Planting certain crop plants in a field causes a disruption of the natural nitrogen cycle in that field. Which outcome would this disruption most DIRECTLY cause in the field over time?", "choices": {"text": ["atmospheric carbon dioxide increases", "desert conditions appear", "topsoil erodes", "soil nutrients decrease"], "label": ["U", "H", "C", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planting certain crop plants in a field causes a disruption of the natural nitrogen cycle in that field. Which outcome would this disruption most DIRECTLY cause in the field over time?\nU. atmospheric carbon dioxide increases\nH. desert conditions appear\nC. topsoil erodes\nM. soil nutrients decrease\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2625}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7166740", "question": "Sally noticed that there was a decline in the number of eggs her hens were laying. She decided to investigate if the decline might be caused by the amount of food she was feeding the hens. Which would be the dependent (responding) variable in Sally's investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["number of eggs laid", "size of the cage", "amount of food", "age of hens"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sally noticed that there was a decline in the number of eggs her hens were laying. She decided to investigate if the decline might be caused by the amount of food she was feeding the hens. Which would be the dependent (responding) variable in Sally's investigation?\nA. number of eggs laid\nB. size of the cage\nC. amount of food\nD. age of hens\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sally noticed that there was a decline in the number of eggs her hens were laying. She decided to investigate if the decline might be caused by the amount of food she was feeding the hens. Which would be the dependent (responding) variable in Sally's investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["size of the cage", "age of hens", "number of eggs laid", "amount of food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sally noticed that there was a decline in the number of eggs her hens were laying. She decided to investigate if the decline might be caused by the amount of food she was feeding the hens. Which would be the dependent (responding) variable in Sally's investigation?\nA. size of the cage\nB. age of hens\nC. number of eggs laid\nD. amount of food\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sally noticed that there was a decline in the number of eggs her hens were laying. She decided to investigate if the decline might be caused by the amount of food she was feeding the hens. Which would be the dependent (responding) variable in Sally's investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["number of eggs laid", "size of the cage", "amount of food", "age of hens"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sally noticed that there was a decline in the number of eggs her hens were laying. She decided to investigate if the decline might be caused by the amount of food she was feeding the hens. Which would be the dependent (responding) variable in Sally's investigation?\n1. number of eggs laid\n2. size of the cage\n3. amount of food\n4. age of hens\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sally noticed that there was a decline in the number of eggs her hens were laying. She decided to investigate if the decline might be caused by the amount of food she was feeding the hens. Which would be the dependent (responding) variable in Sally's investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["number of eggs laid", "size of the cage", "amount of food", "age of hens"], "label": ["L", "I", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sally noticed that there was a decline in the number of eggs her hens were laying. She decided to investigate if the decline might be caused by the amount of food she was feeding the hens. Which would be the dependent (responding) variable in Sally's investigation?\nL. number of eggs laid\nI. size of the cage\nA. amount of food\nD. age of hens\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sally noticed that there was a decline in the number of eggs her hens were laying. She decided to investigate if the decline might be caused by the amount of food she was feeding the hens. Which would be the dependent (responding) variable in Sally's investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["size of the cage", "age of hens", "number of eggs laid", "amount of food"], "label": ["L", "I", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sally noticed that there was a decline in the number of eggs her hens were laying. She decided to investigate if the decline might be caused by the amount of food she was feeding the hens. Which would be the dependent (responding) variable in Sally's investigation?\nL. size of the cage\nI. age of hens\nA. number of eggs laid\nD. amount of food\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2626}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7123480", "question": "Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?", "choices": {"text": ["the rate at which the universe is expanding", "the distance between stars in the Milky Way", "the time it takes for planets to complete their orbits", "the speed at which light travels through the universe"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?\nA. the rate at which the universe is expanding\nB. the distance between stars in the Milky Way\nC. the time it takes for planets to complete their orbits\nD. the speed at which light travels through the universe\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?", "choices": {"text": ["the rate at which the universe is expanding", "the speed at which light travels through the universe", "the distance between stars in the Milky Way", "the time it takes for planets to complete their orbits"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?\nA. the rate at which the universe is expanding\nB. the speed at which light travels through the universe\nC. the distance between stars in the Milky Way\nD. the time it takes for planets to complete their orbits\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?", "choices": {"text": ["the rate at which the universe is expanding", "the distance between stars in the Milky Way", "the time it takes for planets to complete their orbits", "the speed at which light travels through the universe"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?\n1. the rate at which the universe is expanding\n2. the distance between stars in the Milky Way\n3. the time it takes for planets to complete their orbits\n4. the speed at which light travels through the universe\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?", "choices": {"text": ["the rate at which the universe is expanding", "the distance between stars in the Milky Way", "the time it takes for planets to complete their orbits", "the speed at which light travels through the universe"], "label": ["J", "M", "U", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?\nJ. the rate at which the universe is expanding\nM. the distance between stars in the Milky Way\nU. the time it takes for planets to complete their orbits\nI. the speed at which light travels through the universe\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?", "choices": {"text": ["the rate at which the universe is expanding", "the speed at which light travels through the universe", "the distance between stars in the Milky Way", "the time it takes for planets to complete their orbits"], "label": ["J", "M", "U", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which measurement is best expressed in light-years?\nJ. the rate at which the universe is expanding\nM. the speed at which light travels through the universe\nU. the distance between stars in the Milky Way\nI. the time it takes for planets to complete their orbits\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2627}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_413454", "question": "In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?", "choices": {"text": ["across from the cones to the needles", "down from the needles to the roots", "up from the roots to the branches", "circular from the top to the bottom of the trunk"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?\nA. across from the cones to the needles\nB. down from the needles to the roots\nC. up from the roots to the branches\nD. circular from the top to the bottom of the trunk\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?", "choices": {"text": ["circular from the top to the bottom of the trunk", "across from the cones to the needles", "down from the needles to the roots", "up from the roots to the branches"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?\nA. circular from the top to the bottom of the trunk\nB. across from the cones to the needles\nC. down from the needles to the roots\nD. up from the roots to the branches\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?", "choices": {"text": ["across from the cones to the needles", "down from the needles to the roots", "up from the roots to the branches", "circular from the top to the bottom of the trunk"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?\n1. across from the cones to the needles\n2. down from the needles to the roots\n3. up from the roots to the branches\n4. circular from the top to the bottom of the trunk\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?", "choices": {"text": ["across from the cones to the needles", "down from the needles to the roots", "up from the roots to the branches", "circular from the top to the bottom of the trunk"], "label": ["F", "Z", "Q", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?\nF. across from the cones to the needles\nZ. down from the needles to the roots\nQ. up from the roots to the branches\nS. circular from the top to the bottom of the trunk\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?", "choices": {"text": ["circular from the top to the bottom of the trunk", "across from the cones to the needles", "down from the needles to the roots", "up from the roots to the branches"], "label": ["F", "Z", "Q", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which way are sugars usually transported throughout a pine tree?\nF. circular from the top to the bottom of the trunk\nZ. across from the cones to the needles\nQ. down from the needles to the roots\nS. up from the roots to the branches\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2628}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_4_pg90", "question": "Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from", "choices": {"text": ["underground", "a river", "a lake", "a sea"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from\nA. underground\nB. a river\nC. a lake\nD. a sea\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from", "choices": {"text": ["a river", "underground", "a sea", "a lake"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from\nA. a river\nB. underground\nC. a sea\nD. a lake\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from", "choices": {"text": ["underground", "a river", "a lake", "a sea"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from\n1. underground\n2. a river\n3. a lake\n4. a sea\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from", "choices": {"text": ["underground", "a river", "a lake", "a sea"], "label": ["T", "G", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from\nT. underground\nG. a river\nP. a lake\nY. a sea\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from", "choices": {"text": ["a river", "underground", "a sea", "a lake"], "label": ["T", "G", "P", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water that has its salt removed before it can be used as drinking water is most likely to have come from\nT. a river\nG. underground\nP. a sea\nY. a lake\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2629}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7003710", "question": "Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called", "choices": {"text": ["ions.", "protons.", "molecules.", "neutrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called\nA. ions.\nB. protons.\nC. molecules.\nD. neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called", "choices": {"text": ["protons.", "ions.", "molecules.", "neutrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called\nA. protons.\nB. ions.\nC. molecules.\nD. neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called", "choices": {"text": ["ions.", "protons.", "molecules.", "neutrons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called\n1. ions.\n2. protons.\n3. molecules.\n4. neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called", "choices": {"text": ["ions.", "protons.", "molecules.", "neutrons."], "label": ["N", "R", "C", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called\nN. ions.\nR. protons.\nC. molecules.\nV. neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called", "choices": {"text": ["protons.", "ions.", "molecules.", "neutrons."], "label": ["N", "R", "C", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called\nN. protons.\nR. ions.\nC. molecules.\nV. neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2630}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409254", "question": "A grocery company found a way to keep fresh foods from spoiling when transporting them long distances. How might this new technology help people in Hawaii?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing the types of food available in stores", "by decreasing the amount of food sold in stores", "by increasing the time it takes to shop in stores", "by decreasing the number of stores"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A grocery company found a way to keep fresh foods from spoiling when transporting them long distances. How might this new technology help people in Hawaii?\nA. by increasing the types of food available in stores\nB. by decreasing the amount of food sold in stores\nC. by increasing the time it takes to shop in stores\nD. by decreasing the number of stores\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A grocery company found a way to keep fresh foods from spoiling when transporting them long distances. How might this new technology help people in Hawaii?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing the time it takes to shop in stores", "by decreasing the number of stores", "by increasing the types of food available in stores", "by decreasing the amount of food sold in stores"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A grocery company found a way to keep fresh foods from spoiling when transporting them long distances. How might this new technology help people in Hawaii?\nA. by increasing the time it takes to shop in stores\nB. by decreasing the number of stores\nC. by increasing the types of food available in stores\nD. by decreasing the amount of food sold in stores\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A grocery company found a way to keep fresh foods from spoiling when transporting them long distances. How might this new technology help people in Hawaii?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing the types of food available in stores", "by decreasing the amount of food sold in stores", "by increasing the time it takes to shop in stores", "by decreasing the number of stores"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A grocery company found a way to keep fresh foods from spoiling when transporting them long distances. How might this new technology help people in Hawaii?\n1. by increasing the types of food available in stores\n2. by decreasing the amount of food sold in stores\n3. by increasing the time it takes to shop in stores\n4. by decreasing the number of stores\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A grocery company found a way to keep fresh foods from spoiling when transporting them long distances. How might this new technology help people in Hawaii?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing the types of food available in stores", "by decreasing the amount of food sold in stores", "by increasing the time it takes to shop in stores", "by decreasing the number of stores"], "label": ["O", "A", "H", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A grocery company found a way to keep fresh foods from spoiling when transporting them long distances. How might this new technology help people in Hawaii?\nO. by increasing the types of food available in stores\nA. by decreasing the amount of food sold in stores\nH. by increasing the time it takes to shop in stores\nI. by decreasing the number of stores\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A grocery company found a way to keep fresh foods from spoiling when transporting them long distances. How might this new technology help people in Hawaii?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing the time it takes to shop in stores", "by decreasing the number of stores", "by increasing the types of food available in stores", "by decreasing the amount of food sold in stores"], "label": ["O", "A", "H", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A grocery company found a way to keep fresh foods from spoiling when transporting them long distances. How might this new technology help people in Hawaii?\nO. by increasing the time it takes to shop in stores\nA. by decreasing the number of stores\nH. by increasing the types of food available in stores\nI. by decreasing the amount of food sold in stores\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2631}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2010_4_24", "question": "A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.", "choices": {"text": ["rock", "topsoil", "thick mud", "loose sand"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.\nA. rock\nB. topsoil\nC. thick mud\nD. loose sand\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.", "choices": {"text": ["topsoil", "rock", "loose sand", "thick mud"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.\nA. topsoil\nB. rock\nC. loose sand\nD. thick mud\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.", "choices": {"text": ["rock", "topsoil", "thick mud", "loose sand"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.\n1. rock\n2. topsoil\n3. thick mud\n4. loose sand\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.", "choices": {"text": ["rock", "topsoil", "thick mud", "loose sand"], "label": ["U", "S", "H", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.\nU. rock\nS. topsoil\nH. thick mud\nP. loose sand\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.", "choices": {"text": ["topsoil", "rock", "loose sand", "thick mud"], "label": ["U", "S", "H", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student notices a paw print while walking in a park. The paw print could be considered a fossil if the print was in ___.\nU. topsoil\nS. rock\nH. loose sand\nP. thick mud\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2632}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_4_pg35", "question": "Which of the following runs ONLY on electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["a sailboat", "a motorcycle", "a ceiling fan", "a steam engine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following runs ONLY on electricity?\nA. a sailboat\nB. a motorcycle\nC. a ceiling fan\nD. a steam engine\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following runs ONLY on electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["a sailboat", "a ceiling fan", "a steam engine", "a motorcycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following runs ONLY on electricity?\nA. a sailboat\nB. a ceiling fan\nC. a steam engine\nD. a motorcycle\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following runs ONLY on electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["a sailboat", "a motorcycle", "a ceiling fan", "a steam engine"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following runs ONLY on electricity?\n1. a sailboat\n2. a motorcycle\n3. a ceiling fan\n4. a steam engine\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following runs ONLY on electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["a sailboat", "a motorcycle", "a ceiling fan", "a steam engine"], "label": ["P", "Z", "B", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following runs ONLY on electricity?\nP. a sailboat\nZ. a motorcycle\nB. a ceiling fan\nN. a steam engine\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following runs ONLY on electricity?", "choices": {"text": ["a sailboat", "a ceiling fan", "a steam engine", "a motorcycle"], "label": ["P", "Z", "B", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following runs ONLY on electricity?\nP. a sailboat\nZ. a ceiling fan\nB. a steam engine\nN. a motorcycle\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2633}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7064383", "question": "The muscles exert forces on the body and enable movement by", "choices": {"text": ["pushing on tendons.", "squeezing ligaments.", "stimulating the spinal cord.", "pulling on bones."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The muscles exert forces on the body and enable movement by\nA. pushing on tendons.\nB. squeezing ligaments.\nC. stimulating the spinal cord.\nD. pulling on bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The muscles exert forces on the body and enable movement by", "choices": {"text": ["pushing on tendons.", "stimulating the spinal cord.", "pulling on bones.", "squeezing ligaments."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The muscles exert forces on the body and enable movement by\nA. pushing on tendons.\nB. stimulating the spinal cord.\nC. pulling on bones.\nD. squeezing ligaments.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The muscles exert forces on the body and enable movement by", "choices": {"text": ["pushing on tendons.", "squeezing ligaments.", "stimulating the spinal cord.", "pulling on bones."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The muscles exert forces on the body and enable movement by\n1. pushing on tendons.\n2. squeezing ligaments.\n3. stimulating the spinal cord.\n4. pulling on bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The muscles exert forces on the body and enable movement by", "choices": {"text": ["pushing on tendons.", "squeezing ligaments.", "stimulating the spinal cord.", "pulling on bones."], "label": ["I", "U", "Q", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The muscles exert forces on the body and enable movement by\nI. pushing on tendons.\nU. squeezing ligaments.\nQ. stimulating the spinal cord.\nC. pulling on bones.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The muscles exert forces on the body and enable movement by", "choices": {"text": ["pushing on tendons.", "stimulating the spinal cord.", "pulling on bones.", "squeezing ligaments."], "label": ["I", "U", "Q", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: The muscles exert forces on the body and enable movement by\nI. pushing on tendons.\nU. stimulating the spinal cord.\nQ. pulling on bones.\nC. squeezing ligaments.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2634}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2013_8_29420", "question": "A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?", "choices": {"text": ["The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.", "Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.", "The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.", "Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?\nA. The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.\nB. Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.\nC. The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.\nD. Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?", "choices": {"text": ["Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.", "The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.", "The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.", "Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?\nA. Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.\nB. The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.\nC. The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.\nD. Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?", "choices": {"text": ["The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.", "Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.", "The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.", "Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?\n1. The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.\n2. Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.\n3. The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.\n4. Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?", "choices": {"text": ["The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.", "Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.", "The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.", "Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid."], "label": ["E", "H", "A", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?\nE. The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.\nH. Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.\nA. The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.\nI. Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?", "choices": {"text": ["Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.", "The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.", "The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.", "Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid."], "label": ["E", "H", "A", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?\nE. Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.\nH. The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.\nA. The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.\nI. Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2635}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7248133", "question": "Actin filaments are part of the contractile machinery in smooth muscle cells of eukaryotic organisms. Which organelle is responsible for contractile movement in these cells?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cytoskeleton", "endoplasmic reticulum", "plasma membrane"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Actin filaments are part of the contractile machinery in smooth muscle cells of eukaryotic organisms. Which organelle is responsible for contractile movement in these cells?\nA. nucleus\nB. cytoskeleton\nC. endoplasmic reticulum\nD. plasma membrane\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Actin filaments are part of the contractile machinery in smooth muscle cells of eukaryotic organisms. Which organelle is responsible for contractile movement in these cells?", "choices": {"text": ["endoplasmic reticulum", "nucleus", "cytoskeleton", "plasma membrane"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Actin filaments are part of the contractile machinery in smooth muscle cells of eukaryotic organisms. Which organelle is responsible for contractile movement in these cells?\nA. endoplasmic reticulum\nB. nucleus\nC. cytoskeleton\nD. plasma membrane\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Actin filaments are part of the contractile machinery in smooth muscle cells of eukaryotic organisms. Which organelle is responsible for contractile movement in these cells?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cytoskeleton", "endoplasmic reticulum", "plasma membrane"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Actin filaments are part of the contractile machinery in smooth muscle cells of eukaryotic organisms. Which organelle is responsible for contractile movement in these cells?\n1. nucleus\n2. cytoskeleton\n3. endoplasmic reticulum\n4. plasma membrane\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Actin filaments are part of the contractile machinery in smooth muscle cells of eukaryotic organisms. Which organelle is responsible for contractile movement in these cells?", "choices": {"text": ["nucleus", "cytoskeleton", "endoplasmic reticulum", "plasma membrane"], "label": ["Y", "O", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Actin filaments are part of the contractile machinery in smooth muscle cells of eukaryotic organisms. Which organelle is responsible for contractile movement in these cells?\nY. nucleus\nO. cytoskeleton\nT. endoplasmic reticulum\nW. plasma membrane\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Actin filaments are part of the contractile machinery in smooth muscle cells of eukaryotic organisms. Which organelle is responsible for contractile movement in these cells?", "choices": {"text": ["endoplasmic reticulum", "nucleus", "cytoskeleton", "plasma membrane"], "label": ["Y", "O", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Actin filaments are part of the contractile machinery in smooth muscle cells of eukaryotic organisms. Which organelle is responsible for contractile movement in these cells?\nY. endoplasmic reticulum\nO. nucleus\nT. cytoskeleton\nW. plasma membrane\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2636}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_413544", "question": "A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?", "choices": {"text": ["More gases enter the balloon.", "The gas inside the balloon gets much hotter.", "The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases.", "Sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?\nA. More gases enter the balloon.\nB. The gas inside the balloon gets much hotter.\nC. The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases.\nD. Sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?", "choices": {"text": ["More gases enter the balloon.", "Sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon.", "The gas inside the balloon gets much hotter.", "The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?\nA. More gases enter the balloon.\nB. Sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon.\nC. The gas inside the balloon gets much hotter.\nD. The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?", "choices": {"text": ["More gases enter the balloon.", "The gas inside the balloon gets much hotter.", "The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases.", "Sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?\n1. More gases enter the balloon.\n2. The gas inside the balloon gets much hotter.\n3. The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases.\n4. Sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?", "choices": {"text": ["More gases enter the balloon.", "The gas inside the balloon gets much hotter.", "The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases.", "Sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon."], "label": ["M", "C", "A", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?\nM. More gases enter the balloon.\nC. The gas inside the balloon gets much hotter.\nA. The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases.\nP. Sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?", "choices": {"text": ["More gases enter the balloon.", "Sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon.", "The gas inside the balloon gets much hotter.", "The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases."], "label": ["M", "C", "A", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: A weather balloon is about 2 meters wide when it is near the ground. It grows to about 6 meters wide at higher altitudes. Which change most likely makes the balloon become wider at higher altitudes?\nM. More gases enter the balloon.\nC. Sunlight breaks down the material of the balloon.\nA. The gas inside the balloon gets much hotter.\nP. The air pressure surrounding the balloon decreases.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2637}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7041825", "question": "When blood that is high in carbon dioxide exits the heart, it immediately enters which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "respiratory", "digestive", "muscular"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When blood that is high in carbon dioxide exits the heart, it immediately enters which body system?\nA. nervous\nB. respiratory\nC. digestive\nD. muscular\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When blood that is high in carbon dioxide exits the heart, it immediately enters which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["respiratory", "digestive", "nervous", "muscular"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When blood that is high in carbon dioxide exits the heart, it immediately enters which body system?\nA. respiratory\nB. digestive\nC. nervous\nD. muscular\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When blood that is high in carbon dioxide exits the heart, it immediately enters which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "respiratory", "digestive", "muscular"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When blood that is high in carbon dioxide exits the heart, it immediately enters which body system?\n1. nervous\n2. respiratory\n3. digestive\n4. muscular\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When blood that is high in carbon dioxide exits the heart, it immediately enters which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["nervous", "respiratory", "digestive", "muscular"], "label": ["B", "S", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: When blood that is high in carbon dioxide exits the heart, it immediately enters which body system?\nB. nervous\nS. respiratory\nP. digestive\nT. muscular\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When blood that is high in carbon dioxide exits the heart, it immediately enters which body system?", "choices": {"text": ["respiratory", "digestive", "nervous", "muscular"], "label": ["B", "S", "P", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: When blood that is high in carbon dioxide exits the heart, it immediately enters which body system?\nB. respiratory\nS. digestive\nP. nervous\nT. muscular\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2638}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_177380", "question": "One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to", "choices": {"text": ["add a catalyst", "add an inhibitor", "decrease the temperature", "decrease reactant concentration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to\nA. add a catalyst\nB. add an inhibitor\nC. decrease the temperature\nD. decrease reactant concentration\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to", "choices": {"text": ["decrease reactant concentration", "add a catalyst", "add an inhibitor", "decrease the temperature"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to\nA. decrease reactant concentration\nB. add a catalyst\nC. add an inhibitor\nD. decrease the temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to", "choices": {"text": ["add a catalyst", "add an inhibitor", "decrease the temperature", "decrease reactant concentration"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to\n1. add a catalyst\n2. add an inhibitor\n3. decrease the temperature\n4. decrease reactant concentration\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to", "choices": {"text": ["add a catalyst", "add an inhibitor", "decrease the temperature", "decrease reactant concentration"], "label": ["R", "A", "L", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to\nR. add a catalyst\nA. add an inhibitor\nL. decrease the temperature\nY. decrease reactant concentration\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to", "choices": {"text": ["decrease reactant concentration", "add a catalyst", "add an inhibitor", "decrease the temperature"], "label": ["R", "A", "L", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: One method used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction is to\nR. decrease reactant concentration\nA. add a catalyst\nL. add an inhibitor\nY. decrease the temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2639}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7069528", "question": "In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy.", "chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "light energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into\nA. mechanical energy.\nB. chemical energy.\nC. thermal energy.\nD. light energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "thermal energy.", "light energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into\nA. chemical energy.\nB. mechanical energy.\nC. thermal energy.\nD. light energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy.", "chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "light energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into\n1. mechanical energy.\n2. chemical energy.\n3. thermal energy.\n4. light energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into", "choices": {"text": ["mechanical energy.", "chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "light energy."], "label": ["E", "B", "Z", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into\nE. mechanical energy.\nB. chemical energy.\nZ. thermal energy.\nL. light energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "thermal energy.", "light energy."], "label": ["E", "B", "Z", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into\nE. chemical energy.\nB. mechanical energy.\nZ. thermal energy.\nL. light energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2640}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401245", "question": "Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs", "choices": {"text": ["in caves.", "in the ocean.", "in the atmosphere of Earth.", "beneath the surface of Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs\nA. in caves.\nB. in the ocean.\nC. in the atmosphere of Earth.\nD. beneath the surface of Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs", "choices": {"text": ["beneath the surface of Earth.", "in caves.", "in the atmosphere of Earth.", "in the ocean."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs\nA. beneath the surface of Earth.\nB. in caves.\nC. in the atmosphere of Earth.\nD. in the ocean.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs", "choices": {"text": ["in caves.", "in the ocean.", "in the atmosphere of Earth.", "beneath the surface of Earth."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs\n1. in caves.\n2. in the ocean.\n3. in the atmosphere of Earth.\n4. beneath the surface of Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs", "choices": {"text": ["in caves.", "in the ocean.", "in the atmosphere of Earth.", "beneath the surface of Earth."], "label": ["O", "M", "Y", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs\nO. in caves.\nM. in the ocean.\nY. in the atmosphere of Earth.\nP. beneath the surface of Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs", "choices": {"text": ["beneath the surface of Earth.", "in caves.", "in the atmosphere of Earth.", "in the ocean."], "label": ["O", "M", "Y", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs\nO. beneath the surface of Earth.\nM. in caves.\nY. in the atmosphere of Earth.\nP. in the ocean.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2641}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2011_5_19", "question": "Sonar helps people find which information about an object?", "choices": {"text": ["Color", "Weight", "Location", "Temperature"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sonar helps people find which information about an object?\nA. Color\nB. Weight\nC. Location\nD. Temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Sonar helps people find which information about an object?", "choices": {"text": ["Location", "Weight", "Color", "Temperature"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sonar helps people find which information about an object?\nA. Location\nB. Weight\nC. Color\nD. Temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Sonar helps people find which information about an object?", "choices": {"text": ["Color", "Weight", "Location", "Temperature"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sonar helps people find which information about an object?\n1. Color\n2. Weight\n3. Location\n4. Temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sonar helps people find which information about an object?", "choices": {"text": ["Color", "Weight", "Location", "Temperature"], "label": ["G", "O", "H", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sonar helps people find which information about an object?\nG. Color\nO. Weight\nH. Location\nI. Temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Sonar helps people find which information about an object?", "choices": {"text": ["Location", "Weight", "Color", "Temperature"], "label": ["G", "O", "H", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Sonar helps people find which information about an object?\nG. Location\nO. Weight\nH. Color\nI. Temperature\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2642}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400206", "question": "Which description is an example of camouflage?", "choices": {"text": ["plant leaves closing up when touched", "butterflies migrating south for the winter", "green insects sitting on green leaves", "earthworms moving through soil"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which description is an example of camouflage?\nA. plant leaves closing up when touched\nB. butterflies migrating south for the winter\nC. green insects sitting on green leaves\nD. earthworms moving through soil\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which description is an example of camouflage?", "choices": {"text": ["green insects sitting on green leaves", "earthworms moving through soil", "plant leaves closing up when touched", "butterflies migrating south for the winter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which description is an example of camouflage?\nA. green insects sitting on green leaves\nB. earthworms moving through soil\nC. plant leaves closing up when touched\nD. butterflies migrating south for the winter\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which description is an example of camouflage?", "choices": {"text": ["plant leaves closing up when touched", "butterflies migrating south for the winter", "green insects sitting on green leaves", "earthworms moving through soil"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which description is an example of camouflage?\n1. plant leaves closing up when touched\n2. butterflies migrating south for the winter\n3. green insects sitting on green leaves\n4. earthworms moving through soil\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which description is an example of camouflage?", "choices": {"text": ["plant leaves closing up when touched", "butterflies migrating south for the winter", "green insects sitting on green leaves", "earthworms moving through soil"], "label": ["E", "H", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which description is an example of camouflage?\nE. plant leaves closing up when touched\nH. butterflies migrating south for the winter\nA. green insects sitting on green leaves\nD. earthworms moving through soil\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which description is an example of camouflage?", "choices": {"text": ["green insects sitting on green leaves", "earthworms moving through soil", "plant leaves closing up when touched", "butterflies migrating south for the winter"], "label": ["E", "H", "A", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which description is an example of camouflage?\nE. green insects sitting on green leaves\nH. earthworms moving through soil\nA. plant leaves closing up when touched\nD. butterflies migrating south for the winter\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2643}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7215408", "question": "Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?", "choices": {"text": ["Orion", "Earth", "Polaris", "Titan"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?\nA. Orion\nB. Earth\nC. Polaris\nD. Titan\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?", "choices": {"text": ["Polaris", "Titan", "Earth", "Orion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?\nA. Polaris\nB. Titan\nC. Earth\nD. Orion\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?", "choices": {"text": ["Orion", "Earth", "Polaris", "Titan"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?\n1. Orion\n2. Earth\n3. Polaris\n4. Titan\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?", "choices": {"text": ["Orion", "Earth", "Polaris", "Titan"], "label": ["M", "H", "A", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?\nM. Orion\nH. Earth\nA. Polaris\nL. Titan\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?", "choices": {"text": ["Polaris", "Titan", "Earth", "Orion"], "label": ["M", "H", "A", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is a planet found in the Milky Way Galaxy?\nM. Polaris\nH. Titan\nA. Earth\nL. Orion\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2644}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7205538", "question": "There are many different types of living cells on Earth. Which of these characteristics do all living cells have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["require water for survival", "require silicon for structural support", "require oxygen for respiration", "require sunlight for photosynthesis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are many different types of living cells on Earth. Which of these characteristics do all living cells have in common?\nA. require water for survival\nB. require silicon for structural support\nC. require oxygen for respiration\nD. require sunlight for photosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "There are many different types of living cells on Earth. Which of these characteristics do all living cells have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["require sunlight for photosynthesis", "require silicon for structural support", "require oxygen for respiration", "require water for survival"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are many different types of living cells on Earth. Which of these characteristics do all living cells have in common?\nA. require sunlight for photosynthesis\nB. require silicon for structural support\nC. require oxygen for respiration\nD. require water for survival\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "There are many different types of living cells on Earth. Which of these characteristics do all living cells have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["require water for survival", "require silicon for structural support", "require oxygen for respiration", "require sunlight for photosynthesis"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are many different types of living cells on Earth. Which of these characteristics do all living cells have in common?\n1. require water for survival\n2. require silicon for structural support\n3. require oxygen for respiration\n4. require sunlight for photosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are many different types of living cells on Earth. Which of these characteristics do all living cells have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["require water for survival", "require silicon for structural support", "require oxygen for respiration", "require sunlight for photosynthesis"], "label": ["D", "B", "N", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are many different types of living cells on Earth. Which of these characteristics do all living cells have in common?\nD. require water for survival\nB. require silicon for structural support\nN. require oxygen for respiration\nV. require sunlight for photosynthesis\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are many different types of living cells on Earth. Which of these characteristics do all living cells have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["require sunlight for photosynthesis", "require silicon for structural support", "require oxygen for respiration", "require water for survival"], "label": ["D", "B", "N", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are many different types of living cells on Earth. Which of these characteristics do all living cells have in common?\nD. require sunlight for photosynthesis\nB. require silicon for structural support\nN. require oxygen for respiration\nV. require water for survival\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2645}
{"arc_id": "WASL_2004_8_16", "question": "Some scientists have suggested that the Moon was formed when a large body struck Earth and broke off a piece of Earth billions of years ago. Which observation would best support this suggestion?", "choices": {"text": ["The rocks of the Moon are older than Earth rocks.", "The Earth has free standing water, but the Moon does not.", "The Earth and the Moon are gravitationally locked together.", "The chemical composition of Moon rocks is similar to Earth rocks."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists have suggested that the Moon was formed when a large body struck Earth and broke off a piece of Earth billions of years ago. Which observation would best support this suggestion?\nA. The rocks of the Moon are older than Earth rocks.\nB. The Earth has free standing water, but the Moon does not.\nC. The Earth and the Moon are gravitationally locked together.\nD. The chemical composition of Moon rocks is similar to Earth rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists have suggested that the Moon was formed when a large body struck Earth and broke off a piece of Earth billions of years ago. Which observation would best support this suggestion?", "choices": {"text": ["The rocks of the Moon are older than Earth rocks.", "The Earth has free standing water, but the Moon does not.", "The chemical composition of Moon rocks is similar to Earth rocks.", "The Earth and the Moon are gravitationally locked together."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists have suggested that the Moon was formed when a large body struck Earth and broke off a piece of Earth billions of years ago. Which observation would best support this suggestion?\nA. The rocks of the Moon are older than Earth rocks.\nB. The Earth has free standing water, but the Moon does not.\nC. The chemical composition of Moon rocks is similar to Earth rocks.\nD. The Earth and the Moon are gravitationally locked together.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists have suggested that the Moon was formed when a large body struck Earth and broke off a piece of Earth billions of years ago. Which observation would best support this suggestion?", "choices": {"text": ["The rocks of the Moon are older than Earth rocks.", "The Earth has free standing water, but the Moon does not.", "The Earth and the Moon are gravitationally locked together.", "The chemical composition of Moon rocks is similar to Earth rocks."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists have suggested that the Moon was formed when a large body struck Earth and broke off a piece of Earth billions of years ago. Which observation would best support this suggestion?\n1. The rocks of the Moon are older than Earth rocks.\n2. The Earth has free standing water, but the Moon does not.\n3. The Earth and the Moon are gravitationally locked together.\n4. The chemical composition of Moon rocks is similar to Earth rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists have suggested that the Moon was formed when a large body struck Earth and broke off a piece of Earth billions of years ago. Which observation would best support this suggestion?", "choices": {"text": ["The rocks of the Moon are older than Earth rocks.", "The Earth has free standing water, but the Moon does not.", "The Earth and the Moon are gravitationally locked together.", "The chemical composition of Moon rocks is similar to Earth rocks."], "label": ["B", "Y", "J", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists have suggested that the Moon was formed when a large body struck Earth and broke off a piece of Earth billions of years ago. Which observation would best support this suggestion?\nB. The rocks of the Moon are older than Earth rocks.\nY. The Earth has free standing water, but the Moon does not.\nJ. The Earth and the Moon are gravitationally locked together.\nG. The chemical composition of Moon rocks is similar to Earth rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists have suggested that the Moon was formed when a large body struck Earth and broke off a piece of Earth billions of years ago. Which observation would best support this suggestion?", "choices": {"text": ["The rocks of the Moon are older than Earth rocks.", "The Earth has free standing water, but the Moon does not.", "The chemical composition of Moon rocks is similar to Earth rocks.", "The Earth and the Moon are gravitationally locked together."], "label": ["B", "Y", "J", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists have suggested that the Moon was formed when a large body struck Earth and broke off a piece of Earth billions of years ago. Which observation would best support this suggestion?\nB. The rocks of the Moon are older than Earth rocks.\nY. The Earth has free standing water, but the Moon does not.\nJ. The chemical composition of Moon rocks is similar to Earth rocks.\nG. The Earth and the Moon are gravitationally locked together.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2646}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7210735", "question": "The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best view of this band of light without a telescope?", "choices": {"text": ["observing only near the north or south pole", "observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse", "observing on any sunny, clear day", "observing on any dark, clear night"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best view of this band of light without a telescope?\nA. observing only near the north or south pole\nB. observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse\nC. observing on any sunny, clear day\nD. observing on any dark, clear night\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best view of this band of light without a telescope?", "choices": {"text": ["observing on any dark, clear night", "observing only near the north or south pole", "observing on any sunny, clear day", "observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best view of this band of light without a telescope?\nA. observing on any dark, clear night\nB. observing only near the north or south pole\nC. observing on any sunny, clear day\nD. observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best view of this band of light without a telescope?", "choices": {"text": ["observing only near the north or south pole", "observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse", "observing on any sunny, clear day", "observing on any dark, clear night"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best view of this band of light without a telescope?\n1. observing only near the north or south pole\n2. observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse\n3. observing on any sunny, clear day\n4. observing on any dark, clear night\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best view of this band of light without a telescope?", "choices": {"text": ["observing only near the north or south pole", "observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse", "observing on any sunny, clear day", "observing on any dark, clear night"], "label": ["T", "N", "X", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best view of this band of light without a telescope?\nT. observing only near the north or south pole\nN. observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse\nX. observing on any sunny, clear day\nO. observing on any dark, clear night\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best view of this band of light without a telescope?", "choices": {"text": ["observing on any dark, clear night", "observing only near the north or south pole", "observing on any sunny, clear day", "observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse"], "label": ["T", "N", "X", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: The Milky Way Galaxy looks like a band of light across the sky. Which observation would provide the best view of this band of light without a telescope?\nT. observing on any dark, clear night\nN. observing only near the north or south pole\nX. observing on any sunny, clear day\nO. observing only during a lunar or solar eclipse\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2647}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400171", "question": "The use of the Internet has changed life for many people by directly allowing them to", "choices": {"text": ["build bigger houses.", "communicate faster.", "drive larger cars.", "eat junk food."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The use of the Internet has changed life for many people by directly allowing them to\nA. build bigger houses.\nB. communicate faster.\nC. drive larger cars.\nD. eat junk food.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The use of the Internet has changed life for many people by directly allowing them to", "choices": {"text": ["eat junk food.", "build bigger houses.", "communicate faster.", "drive larger cars."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The use of the Internet has changed life for many people by directly allowing them to\nA. eat junk food.\nB. build bigger houses.\nC. communicate faster.\nD. drive larger cars.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The use of the Internet has changed life for many people by directly allowing them to", "choices": {"text": ["build bigger houses.", "communicate faster.", "drive larger cars.", "eat junk food."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The use of the Internet has changed life for many people by directly allowing them to\n1. build bigger houses.\n2. communicate faster.\n3. drive larger cars.\n4. eat junk food.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The use of the Internet has changed life for many people by directly allowing them to", "choices": {"text": ["build bigger houses.", "communicate faster.", "drive larger cars.", "eat junk food."], "label": ["F", "Z", "C", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The use of the Internet has changed life for many people by directly allowing them to\nF. build bigger houses.\nZ. communicate faster.\nC. drive larger cars.\nX. eat junk food.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The use of the Internet has changed life for many people by directly allowing them to", "choices": {"text": ["eat junk food.", "build bigger houses.", "communicate faster.", "drive larger cars."], "label": ["F", "Z", "C", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: The use of the Internet has changed life for many people by directly allowing them to\nF. eat junk food.\nZ. build bigger houses.\nC. communicate faster.\nX. drive larger cars.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2648}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7084508", "question": "Which best describes the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["very small white dwarf", "medium yellow dwarf", "large blue giant", "red supergiant"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the Sun?\nA. very small white dwarf\nB. medium yellow dwarf\nC. large blue giant\nD. red supergiant\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["medium yellow dwarf", "very small white dwarf", "large blue giant", "red supergiant"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the Sun?\nA. medium yellow dwarf\nB. very small white dwarf\nC. large blue giant\nD. red supergiant\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["very small white dwarf", "medium yellow dwarf", "large blue giant", "red supergiant"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the Sun?\n1. very small white dwarf\n2. medium yellow dwarf\n3. large blue giant\n4. red supergiant\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["very small white dwarf", "medium yellow dwarf", "large blue giant", "red supergiant"], "label": ["Q", "A", "H", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the Sun?\nQ. very small white dwarf\nA. medium yellow dwarf\nH. large blue giant\nR. red supergiant\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["medium yellow dwarf", "very small white dwarf", "large blue giant", "red supergiant"], "label": ["Q", "A", "H", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the Sun?\nQ. medium yellow dwarf\nA. very small white dwarf\nH. large blue giant\nR. red supergiant\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2649}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7027370", "question": "The relationships among elements were used to organize the elements systematically long before the behavior of electrons was understood. Which scientist is credited with this organization of elements?", "choices": {"text": ["Democritus", "John Dalton", "Robert Millikan", "Dmitri Mendeleev"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The relationships among elements were used to organize the elements systematically long before the behavior of electrons was understood. Which scientist is credited with this organization of elements?\nA. Democritus\nB. John Dalton\nC. Robert Millikan\nD. Dmitri Mendeleev\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The relationships among elements were used to organize the elements systematically long before the behavior of electrons was understood. Which scientist is credited with this organization of elements?", "choices": {"text": ["John Dalton", "Dmitri Mendeleev", "Robert Millikan", "Democritus"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The relationships among elements were used to organize the elements systematically long before the behavior of electrons was understood. Which scientist is credited with this organization of elements?\nA. John Dalton\nB. Dmitri Mendeleev\nC. Robert Millikan\nD. Democritus\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The relationships among elements were used to organize the elements systematically long before the behavior of electrons was understood. Which scientist is credited with this organization of elements?", "choices": {"text": ["Democritus", "John Dalton", "Robert Millikan", "Dmitri Mendeleev"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The relationships among elements were used to organize the elements systematically long before the behavior of electrons was understood. Which scientist is credited with this organization of elements?\n1. Democritus\n2. John Dalton\n3. Robert Millikan\n4. Dmitri Mendeleev\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The relationships among elements were used to organize the elements systematically long before the behavior of electrons was understood. Which scientist is credited with this organization of elements?", "choices": {"text": ["Democritus", "John Dalton", "Robert Millikan", "Dmitri Mendeleev"], "label": ["Z", "K", "T", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The relationships among elements were used to organize the elements systematically long before the behavior of electrons was understood. Which scientist is credited with this organization of elements?\nZ. Democritus\nK. John Dalton\nT. Robert Millikan\nS. Dmitri Mendeleev\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The relationships among elements were used to organize the elements systematically long before the behavior of electrons was understood. Which scientist is credited with this organization of elements?", "choices": {"text": ["John Dalton", "Dmitri Mendeleev", "Robert Millikan", "Democritus"], "label": ["Z", "K", "T", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The relationships among elements were used to organize the elements systematically long before the behavior of electrons was understood. Which scientist is credited with this organization of elements?\nZ. John Dalton\nK. Dmitri Mendeleev\nT. Robert Millikan\nS. Democritus\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2650}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2011_5_6", "question": "Planets in our solar system have different solar years. Which statement explains the cause of an Earth solar year?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth rotates around the sun.", "Earth revolves around the sun.", "The sun rotates around Earth.", "The sun revolves around Earth."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets in our solar system have different solar years. Which statement explains the cause of an Earth solar year?\nA. Earth rotates around the sun.\nB. Earth revolves around the sun.\nC. The sun rotates around Earth.\nD. The sun revolves around Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets in our solar system have different solar years. Which statement explains the cause of an Earth solar year?", "choices": {"text": ["The sun rotates around Earth.", "The sun revolves around Earth.", "Earth revolves around the sun.", "Earth rotates around the sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets in our solar system have different solar years. Which statement explains the cause of an Earth solar year?\nA. The sun rotates around Earth.\nB. The sun revolves around Earth.\nC. Earth revolves around the sun.\nD. Earth rotates around the sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets in our solar system have different solar years. Which statement explains the cause of an Earth solar year?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth rotates around the sun.", "Earth revolves around the sun.", "The sun rotates around Earth.", "The sun revolves around Earth."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets in our solar system have different solar years. Which statement explains the cause of an Earth solar year?\n1. Earth rotates around the sun.\n2. Earth revolves around the sun.\n3. The sun rotates around Earth.\n4. The sun revolves around Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets in our solar system have different solar years. Which statement explains the cause of an Earth solar year?", "choices": {"text": ["Earth rotates around the sun.", "Earth revolves around the sun.", "The sun rotates around Earth.", "The sun revolves around Earth."], "label": ["D", "Q", "E", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets in our solar system have different solar years. Which statement explains the cause of an Earth solar year?\nD. Earth rotates around the sun.\nQ. Earth revolves around the sun.\nE. The sun rotates around Earth.\nI. The sun revolves around Earth.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Planets in our solar system have different solar years. Which statement explains the cause of an Earth solar year?", "choices": {"text": ["The sun rotates around Earth.", "The sun revolves around Earth.", "Earth revolves around the sun.", "Earth rotates around the sun."], "label": ["D", "Q", "E", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Planets in our solar system have different solar years. Which statement explains the cause of an Earth solar year?\nD. The sun rotates around Earth.\nQ. The sun revolves around Earth.\nE. Earth revolves around the sun.\nI. Earth rotates around the sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2651}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1998_4_25", "question": "At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?", "choices": {"text": ["It rained.", "It condensed.", "It evaporated.", "It froze."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?\nA. It rained.\nB. It condensed.\nC. It evaporated.\nD. It froze.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?", "choices": {"text": ["It rained.", "It evaporated.", "It froze.", "It condensed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?\nA. It rained.\nB. It evaporated.\nC. It froze.\nD. It condensed.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?", "choices": {"text": ["It rained.", "It condensed.", "It evaporated.", "It froze."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?\n1. It rained.\n2. It condensed.\n3. It evaporated.\n4. It froze.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?", "choices": {"text": ["It rained.", "It condensed.", "It evaporated.", "It froze."], "label": ["S", "T", "M", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?\nS. It rained.\nT. It condensed.\nM. It evaporated.\nD. It froze.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?", "choices": {"text": ["It rained.", "It evaporated.", "It froze.", "It condensed."], "label": ["S", "T", "M", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?\nS. It rained.\nT. It evaporated.\nM. It froze.\nD. It condensed.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2652}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7014245", "question": "A plant growing on a hillside has a stem that curves so that the plant is vertical. This curve is not observed in plants of the same species growing on level ground. Which statement best explains the curved stem of the plant growing on the hillside?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a trait for which the plant has no genes.", "It is a trait that is usually detrimental to plant survival.", "It is a trait that developed in response to temperature variations.", "It is a trait that is only expressed under particular environmental conditions."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant growing on a hillside has a stem that curves so that the plant is vertical. This curve is not observed in plants of the same species growing on level ground. Which statement best explains the curved stem of the plant growing on the hillside?\nA. It is a trait for which the plant has no genes.\nB. It is a trait that is usually detrimental to plant survival.\nC. It is a trait that developed in response to temperature variations.\nD. It is a trait that is only expressed under particular environmental conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant growing on a hillside has a stem that curves so that the plant is vertical. This curve is not observed in plants of the same species growing on level ground. Which statement best explains the curved stem of the plant growing on the hillside?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a trait for which the plant has no genes.", "It is a trait that is usually detrimental to plant survival.", "It is a trait that is only expressed under particular environmental conditions.", "It is a trait that developed in response to temperature variations."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant growing on a hillside has a stem that curves so that the plant is vertical. This curve is not observed in plants of the same species growing on level ground. Which statement best explains the curved stem of the plant growing on the hillside?\nA. It is a trait for which the plant has no genes.\nB. It is a trait that is usually detrimental to plant survival.\nC. It is a trait that is only expressed under particular environmental conditions.\nD. It is a trait that developed in response to temperature variations.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant growing on a hillside has a stem that curves so that the plant is vertical. This curve is not observed in plants of the same species growing on level ground. Which statement best explains the curved stem of the plant growing on the hillside?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a trait for which the plant has no genes.", "It is a trait that is usually detrimental to plant survival.", "It is a trait that developed in response to temperature variations.", "It is a trait that is only expressed under particular environmental conditions."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant growing on a hillside has a stem that curves so that the plant is vertical. This curve is not observed in plants of the same species growing on level ground. Which statement best explains the curved stem of the plant growing on the hillside?\n1. It is a trait for which the plant has no genes.\n2. It is a trait that is usually detrimental to plant survival.\n3. It is a trait that developed in response to temperature variations.\n4. It is a trait that is only expressed under particular environmental conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant growing on a hillside has a stem that curves so that the plant is vertical. This curve is not observed in plants of the same species growing on level ground. Which statement best explains the curved stem of the plant growing on the hillside?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a trait for which the plant has no genes.", "It is a trait that is usually detrimental to plant survival.", "It is a trait that developed in response to temperature variations.", "It is a trait that is only expressed under particular environmental conditions."], "label": ["M", "H", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant growing on a hillside has a stem that curves so that the plant is vertical. This curve is not observed in plants of the same species growing on level ground. Which statement best explains the curved stem of the plant growing on the hillside?\nM. It is a trait for which the plant has no genes.\nH. It is a trait that is usually detrimental to plant survival.\nE. It is a trait that developed in response to temperature variations.\nV. It is a trait that is only expressed under particular environmental conditions.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A plant growing on a hillside has a stem that curves so that the plant is vertical. This curve is not observed in plants of the same species growing on level ground. Which statement best explains the curved stem of the plant growing on the hillside?", "choices": {"text": ["It is a trait for which the plant has no genes.", "It is a trait that is usually detrimental to plant survival.", "It is a trait that is only expressed under particular environmental conditions.", "It is a trait that developed in response to temperature variations."], "label": ["M", "H", "E", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: A plant growing on a hillside has a stem that curves so that the plant is vertical. This curve is not observed in plants of the same species growing on level ground. Which statement best explains the curved stem of the plant growing on the hillside?\nM. It is a trait for which the plant has no genes.\nH. It is a trait that is usually detrimental to plant survival.\nE. It is a trait that is only expressed under particular environmental conditions.\nV. It is a trait that developed in response to temperature variations.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2653}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7271653", "question": "Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans?", "choices": {"text": ["transporting oil over the ocean surface", "drilling for oil on the ocean floor", "polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff", "polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans?\nA. transporting oil over the ocean surface\nB. drilling for oil on the ocean floor\nC. polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff\nD. polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans?", "choices": {"text": ["polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff", "drilling for oil on the ocean floor", "polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation", "transporting oil over the ocean surface"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans?\nA. polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff\nB. drilling for oil on the ocean floor\nC. polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation\nD. transporting oil over the ocean surface\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans?", "choices": {"text": ["transporting oil over the ocean surface", "drilling for oil on the ocean floor", "polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff", "polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans?\n1. transporting oil over the ocean surface\n2. drilling for oil on the ocean floor\n3. polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff\n4. polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans?", "choices": {"text": ["transporting oil over the ocean surface", "drilling for oil on the ocean floor", "polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff", "polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation"], "label": ["R", "K", "U", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans?\nR. transporting oil over the ocean surface\nK. drilling for oil on the ocean floor\nU. polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff\nS. polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans?", "choices": {"text": ["polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff", "drilling for oil on the ocean floor", "polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation", "transporting oil over the ocean surface"], "label": ["R", "K", "U", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans?\nR. polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff\nK. drilling for oil on the ocean floor\nU. polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation\nS. transporting oil over the ocean surface\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2654}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2011_4_36", "question": "A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?", "choices": {"text": ["a cloth napkin", "a metal spoon", "a plastic pencil", "a wooden stick"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?\nA. a cloth napkin\nB. a metal spoon\nC. a plastic pencil\nD. a wooden stick\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?", "choices": {"text": ["a plastic pencil", "a cloth napkin", "a metal spoon", "a wooden stick"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?\nA. a plastic pencil\nB. a cloth napkin\nC. a metal spoon\nD. a wooden stick\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?", "choices": {"text": ["a cloth napkin", "a metal spoon", "a plastic pencil", "a wooden stick"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?\n1. a cloth napkin\n2. a metal spoon\n3. a plastic pencil\n4. a wooden stick\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?", "choices": {"text": ["a cloth napkin", "a metal spoon", "a plastic pencil", "a wooden stick"], "label": ["U", "M", "Z", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?\nU. a cloth napkin\nM. a metal spoon\nZ. a plastic pencil\nF. a wooden stick\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?", "choices": {"text": ["a plastic pencil", "a cloth napkin", "a metal spoon", "a wooden stick"], "label": ["U", "M", "Z", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?\nU. a plastic pencil\nM. a cloth napkin\nZ. a metal spoon\nF. a wooden stick\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2655}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7177940", "question": "Ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and other atmospheric disturbances are initially caused by which of these?", "choices": {"text": ["differences in the cycles of the Moon", "gravitational pull of the Sun", "incoming solar radiation", "ozone layer depletion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and other atmospheric disturbances are initially caused by which of these?\nA. differences in the cycles of the Moon\nB. gravitational pull of the Sun\nC. incoming solar radiation\nD. ozone layer depletion\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and other atmospheric disturbances are initially caused by which of these?", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational pull of the Sun", "incoming solar radiation", "ozone layer depletion", "differences in the cycles of the Moon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and other atmospheric disturbances are initially caused by which of these?\nA. gravitational pull of the Sun\nB. incoming solar radiation\nC. ozone layer depletion\nD. differences in the cycles of the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and other atmospheric disturbances are initially caused by which of these?", "choices": {"text": ["differences in the cycles of the Moon", "gravitational pull of the Sun", "incoming solar radiation", "ozone layer depletion"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and other atmospheric disturbances are initially caused by which of these?\n1. differences in the cycles of the Moon\n2. gravitational pull of the Sun\n3. incoming solar radiation\n4. ozone layer depletion\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and other atmospheric disturbances are initially caused by which of these?", "choices": {"text": ["differences in the cycles of the Moon", "gravitational pull of the Sun", "incoming solar radiation", "ozone layer depletion"], "label": ["X", "O", "W", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and other atmospheric disturbances are initially caused by which of these?\nX. differences in the cycles of the Moon\nO. gravitational pull of the Sun\nW. incoming solar radiation\nE. ozone layer depletion\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and other atmospheric disturbances are initially caused by which of these?", "choices": {"text": ["gravitational pull of the Sun", "incoming solar radiation", "ozone layer depletion", "differences in the cycles of the Moon"], "label": ["X", "O", "W", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean currents, prevailing wind patterns, and other atmospheric disturbances are initially caused by which of these?\nX. gravitational pull of the Sun\nO. incoming solar radiation\nW. ozone layer depletion\nE. differences in the cycles of the Moon\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2656}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_5_27", "question": "Clouds and fog are made up of", "choices": {"text": ["water.", "heat.", "light.", "helium."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clouds and fog are made up of\nA. water.\nB. heat.\nC. light.\nD. helium.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Clouds and fog are made up of", "choices": {"text": ["light.", "heat.", "water.", "helium."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clouds and fog are made up of\nA. light.\nB. heat.\nC. water.\nD. helium.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Clouds and fog are made up of", "choices": {"text": ["water.", "heat.", "light.", "helium."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clouds and fog are made up of\n1. water.\n2. heat.\n3. light.\n4. helium.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Clouds and fog are made up of", "choices": {"text": ["water.", "heat.", "light.", "helium."], "label": ["Y", "N", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clouds and fog are made up of\nY. water.\nN. heat.\nQ. light.\nZ. helium.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Clouds and fog are made up of", "choices": {"text": ["light.", "heat.", "water.", "helium."], "label": ["Y", "N", "Q", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Clouds and fog are made up of\nY. light.\nN. heat.\nQ. water.\nZ. helium.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2657}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2007_8_pg105", "question": "What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?", "choices": {"text": ["To absorb light energy", "To break down carbon dioxide", "To make plants' leaves poisonous to insects", "To protect plants from disease"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?\nA. To absorb light energy\nB. To break down carbon dioxide\nC. To make plants' leaves poisonous to insects\nD. To protect plants from disease\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?", "choices": {"text": ["To break down carbon dioxide", "To absorb light energy", "To make plants' leaves poisonous to insects", "To protect plants from disease"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?\nA. To break down carbon dioxide\nB. To absorb light energy\nC. To make plants' leaves poisonous to insects\nD. To protect plants from disease\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?", "choices": {"text": ["To absorb light energy", "To break down carbon dioxide", "To make plants' leaves poisonous to insects", "To protect plants from disease"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?\n1. To absorb light energy\n2. To break down carbon dioxide\n3. To make plants' leaves poisonous to insects\n4. To protect plants from disease\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?", "choices": {"text": ["To absorb light energy", "To break down carbon dioxide", "To make plants' leaves poisonous to insects", "To protect plants from disease"], "label": ["F", "S", "K", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?\nF. To absorb light energy\nS. To break down carbon dioxide\nK. To make plants' leaves poisonous to insects\nA. To protect plants from disease\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?", "choices": {"text": ["To break down carbon dioxide", "To absorb light energy", "To make plants' leaves poisonous to insects", "To protect plants from disease"], "label": ["F", "S", "K", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the main function of chlorophyll in plants?\nF. To break down carbon dioxide\nS. To absorb light energy\nK. To make plants' leaves poisonous to insects\nA. To protect plants from disease\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2658}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401178", "question": "Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["plants taking in carbon dioxide", "water changing from a gas to a liquid", "oxygen converting to cellular energy", "bacteria removing nitrogen from the atmosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?\nA. plants taking in carbon dioxide\nB. water changing from a gas to a liquid\nC. oxygen converting to cellular energy\nD. bacteria removing nitrogen from the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["water changing from a gas to a liquid", "oxygen converting to cellular energy", "bacteria removing nitrogen from the atmosphere", "plants taking in carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?\nA. water changing from a gas to a liquid\nB. oxygen converting to cellular energy\nC. bacteria removing nitrogen from the atmosphere\nD. plants taking in carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["plants taking in carbon dioxide", "water changing from a gas to a liquid", "oxygen converting to cellular energy", "bacteria removing nitrogen from the atmosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?\n1. plants taking in carbon dioxide\n2. water changing from a gas to a liquid\n3. oxygen converting to cellular energy\n4. bacteria removing nitrogen from the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["plants taking in carbon dioxide", "water changing from a gas to a liquid", "oxygen converting to cellular energy", "bacteria removing nitrogen from the atmosphere"], "label": ["E", "D", "R", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?\nE. plants taking in carbon dioxide\nD. water changing from a gas to a liquid\nR. oxygen converting to cellular energy\nU. bacteria removing nitrogen from the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?", "choices": {"text": ["water changing from a gas to a liquid", "oxygen converting to cellular energy", "bacteria removing nitrogen from the atmosphere", "plants taking in carbon dioxide"], "label": ["E", "D", "R", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is a step in the process of photosynthesis?\nE. water changing from a gas to a liquid\nD. oxygen converting to cellular energy\nR. bacteria removing nitrogen from the atmosphere\nU. plants taking in carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2659}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7186918", "question": "Some scientists have suggested that pandas may be more closely related to raccoons than to bears. What could scientists compare between pandas and the raccoons to help classify the panda more accurately?", "choices": {"text": ["their diets", "their DNA", "their body sizes", "their geographic distribution"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists have suggested that pandas may be more closely related to raccoons than to bears. What could scientists compare between pandas and the raccoons to help classify the panda more accurately?\nA. their diets\nB. their DNA\nC. their body sizes\nD. their geographic distribution\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists have suggested that pandas may be more closely related to raccoons than to bears. What could scientists compare between pandas and the raccoons to help classify the panda more accurately?", "choices": {"text": ["their diets", "their geographic distribution", "their body sizes", "their DNA"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists have suggested that pandas may be more closely related to raccoons than to bears. What could scientists compare between pandas and the raccoons to help classify the panda more accurately?\nA. their diets\nB. their geographic distribution\nC. their body sizes\nD. their DNA\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists have suggested that pandas may be more closely related to raccoons than to bears. What could scientists compare between pandas and the raccoons to help classify the panda more accurately?", "choices": {"text": ["their diets", "their DNA", "their body sizes", "their geographic distribution"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists have suggested that pandas may be more closely related to raccoons than to bears. What could scientists compare between pandas and the raccoons to help classify the panda more accurately?\n1. their diets\n2. their DNA\n3. their body sizes\n4. their geographic distribution\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists have suggested that pandas may be more closely related to raccoons than to bears. What could scientists compare between pandas and the raccoons to help classify the panda more accurately?", "choices": {"text": ["their diets", "their DNA", "their body sizes", "their geographic distribution"], "label": ["V", "L", "J", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists have suggested that pandas may be more closely related to raccoons than to bears. What could scientists compare between pandas and the raccoons to help classify the panda more accurately?\nV. their diets\nL. their DNA\nJ. their body sizes\nH. their geographic distribution\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists have suggested that pandas may be more closely related to raccoons than to bears. What could scientists compare between pandas and the raccoons to help classify the panda more accurately?", "choices": {"text": ["their diets", "their geographic distribution", "their body sizes", "their DNA"], "label": ["V", "L", "J", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists have suggested that pandas may be more closely related to raccoons than to bears. What could scientists compare between pandas and the raccoons to help classify the panda more accurately?\nV. their diets\nL. their geographic distribution\nJ. their body sizes\nH. their DNA\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2660}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7245140", "question": "Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?", "choices": {"text": ["to help astronauts breathe in outer space", "to help with the weight of astronauts during space walks", "to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out", "to mix with the thin atmosphere for astronauts during space walks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?\nA. to help astronauts breathe in outer space\nB. to help with the weight of astronauts during space walks\nC. to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out\nD. to mix with the thin atmosphere for astronauts during space walks\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?", "choices": {"text": ["to mix with the thin atmosphere for astronauts during space walks", "to help astronauts breathe in outer space", "to help with the weight of astronauts during space walks", "to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?\nA. to mix with the thin atmosphere for astronauts during space walks\nB. to help astronauts breathe in outer space\nC. to help with the weight of astronauts during space walks\nD. to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?", "choices": {"text": ["to help astronauts breathe in outer space", "to help with the weight of astronauts during space walks", "to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out", "to mix with the thin atmosphere for astronauts during space walks"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?\n1. to help astronauts breathe in outer space\n2. to help with the weight of astronauts during space walks\n3. to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out\n4. to mix with the thin atmosphere for astronauts during space walks\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?", "choices": {"text": ["to help astronauts breathe in outer space", "to help with the weight of astronauts during space walks", "to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out", "to mix with the thin atmosphere for astronauts during space walks"], "label": ["R", "J", "E", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?\nR. to help astronauts breathe in outer space\nJ. to help with the weight of astronauts during space walks\nE. to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out\nA. to mix with the thin atmosphere for astronauts during space walks\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?", "choices": {"text": ["to mix with the thin atmosphere for astronauts during space walks", "to help astronauts breathe in outer space", "to help with the weight of astronauts during space walks", "to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out"], "label": ["R", "J", "E", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Why do astronauts need oxygen in the backpacks of their spacesuits?\nR. to mix with the thin atmosphere for astronauts during space walks\nJ. to help astronauts breathe in outer space\nE. to help with the weight of astronauts during space walks\nA. to manage carbon dioxide that astronauts breathe out\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2661}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_5", "question": "Most hormones are produced by which human organ system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "endocrine", "respiratory", "nervous"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most hormones are produced by which human organ system?\nA. digestive\nB. endocrine\nC. respiratory\nD. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Most hormones are produced by which human organ system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "respiratory", "endocrine", "nervous"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most hormones are produced by which human organ system?\nA. digestive\nB. respiratory\nC. endocrine\nD. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Most hormones are produced by which human organ system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "endocrine", "respiratory", "nervous"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most hormones are produced by which human organ system?\n1. digestive\n2. endocrine\n3. respiratory\n4. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most hormones are produced by which human organ system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "endocrine", "respiratory", "nervous"], "label": ["T", "V", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most hormones are produced by which human organ system?\nT. digestive\nV. endocrine\nC. respiratory\nY. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Most hormones are produced by which human organ system?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "respiratory", "endocrine", "nervous"], "label": ["T", "V", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Most hormones are produced by which human organ system?\nT. digestive\nV. respiratory\nC. endocrine\nY. nervous\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2662}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7012968", "question": "A student plans to conduct an experiment to see how quickly mice learn to navigate a maze to reach a reward at the other end. Which of these will help lead to the most accurate conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["make the maze bigger", "provide different food rewards", "use a reward other than food", "use the same maze and reward each day"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student plans to conduct an experiment to see how quickly mice learn to navigate a maze to reach a reward at the other end. Which of these will help lead to the most accurate conclusion?\nA. make the maze bigger\nB. provide different food rewards\nC. use a reward other than food\nD. use the same maze and reward each day\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student plans to conduct an experiment to see how quickly mice learn to navigate a maze to reach a reward at the other end. Which of these will help lead to the most accurate conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["provide different food rewards", "use a reward other than food", "use the same maze and reward each day", "make the maze bigger"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student plans to conduct an experiment to see how quickly mice learn to navigate a maze to reach a reward at the other end. Which of these will help lead to the most accurate conclusion?\nA. provide different food rewards\nB. use a reward other than food\nC. use the same maze and reward each day\nD. make the maze bigger\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student plans to conduct an experiment to see how quickly mice learn to navigate a maze to reach a reward at the other end. Which of these will help lead to the most accurate conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["make the maze bigger", "provide different food rewards", "use a reward other than food", "use the same maze and reward each day"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student plans to conduct an experiment to see how quickly mice learn to navigate a maze to reach a reward at the other end. Which of these will help lead to the most accurate conclusion?\n1. make the maze bigger\n2. provide different food rewards\n3. use a reward other than food\n4. use the same maze and reward each day\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student plans to conduct an experiment to see how quickly mice learn to navigate a maze to reach a reward at the other end. Which of these will help lead to the most accurate conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["make the maze bigger", "provide different food rewards", "use a reward other than food", "use the same maze and reward each day"], "label": ["R", "G", "P", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student plans to conduct an experiment to see how quickly mice learn to navigate a maze to reach a reward at the other end. Which of these will help lead to the most accurate conclusion?\nR. make the maze bigger\nG. provide different food rewards\nP. use a reward other than food\nZ. use the same maze and reward each day\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student plans to conduct an experiment to see how quickly mice learn to navigate a maze to reach a reward at the other end. Which of these will help lead to the most accurate conclusion?", "choices": {"text": ["provide different food rewards", "use a reward other than food", "use the same maze and reward each day", "make the maze bigger"], "label": ["R", "G", "P", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student plans to conduct an experiment to see how quickly mice learn to navigate a maze to reach a reward at the other end. Which of these will help lead to the most accurate conclusion?\nR. provide different food rewards\nG. use a reward other than food\nP. use the same maze and reward each day\nZ. make the maze bigger\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2663}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7183225", "question": "In areas where limestone is present underneath the soil, continued rains can alter the limestone formation. The limestone can change to a highly porous formation that can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which process is directly responsible for changing the limestone?", "choices": {"text": ["compaction", "erosion", "faulting", "weathering"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In areas where limestone is present underneath the soil, continued rains can alter the limestone formation. The limestone can change to a highly porous formation that can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which process is directly responsible for changing the limestone?\nA. compaction\nB. erosion\nC. faulting\nD. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In areas where limestone is present underneath the soil, continued rains can alter the limestone formation. The limestone can change to a highly porous formation that can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which process is directly responsible for changing the limestone?", "choices": {"text": ["compaction", "erosion", "weathering", "faulting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In areas where limestone is present underneath the soil, continued rains can alter the limestone formation. The limestone can change to a highly porous formation that can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which process is directly responsible for changing the limestone?\nA. compaction\nB. erosion\nC. weathering\nD. faulting\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In areas where limestone is present underneath the soil, continued rains can alter the limestone formation. The limestone can change to a highly porous formation that can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which process is directly responsible for changing the limestone?", "choices": {"text": ["compaction", "erosion", "faulting", "weathering"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In areas where limestone is present underneath the soil, continued rains can alter the limestone formation. The limestone can change to a highly porous formation that can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which process is directly responsible for changing the limestone?\n1. compaction\n2. erosion\n3. faulting\n4. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In areas where limestone is present underneath the soil, continued rains can alter the limestone formation. The limestone can change to a highly porous formation that can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which process is directly responsible for changing the limestone?", "choices": {"text": ["compaction", "erosion", "faulting", "weathering"], "label": ["J", "O", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In areas where limestone is present underneath the soil, continued rains can alter the limestone formation. The limestone can change to a highly porous formation that can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which process is directly responsible for changing the limestone?\nJ. compaction\nO. erosion\nD. faulting\nB. weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In areas where limestone is present underneath the soil, continued rains can alter the limestone formation. The limestone can change to a highly porous formation that can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which process is directly responsible for changing the limestone?", "choices": {"text": ["compaction", "erosion", "weathering", "faulting"], "label": ["J", "O", "D", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: In areas where limestone is present underneath the soil, continued rains can alter the limestone formation. The limestone can change to a highly porous formation that can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which process is directly responsible for changing the limestone?\nJ. compaction\nO. erosion\nD. weathering\nB. faulting\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2664}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10789", "question": "All of the following can become fossils except", "choices": {"text": ["bones.", "shells.", "teeth.", "rocks."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the following can become fossils except\nA. bones.\nB. shells.\nC. teeth.\nD. rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the following can become fossils except", "choices": {"text": ["bones.", "rocks.", "teeth.", "shells."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the following can become fossils except\nA. bones.\nB. rocks.\nC. teeth.\nD. shells.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the following can become fossils except", "choices": {"text": ["bones.", "shells.", "teeth.", "rocks."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the following can become fossils except\n1. bones.\n2. shells.\n3. teeth.\n4. rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the following can become fossils except", "choices": {"text": ["bones.", "shells.", "teeth.", "rocks."], "label": ["T", "F", "X", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the following can become fossils except\nT. bones.\nF. shells.\nX. teeth.\nC. rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "All of the following can become fossils except", "choices": {"text": ["bones.", "rocks.", "teeth.", "shells."], "label": ["T", "F", "X", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: All of the following can become fossils except\nT. bones.\nF. rocks.\nX. teeth.\nC. shells.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2665}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7080500", "question": "Which source of information will most likely provide a student with the most accurate information about the landforms, natural resources, climate, and precipitation of Nevada?", "choices": {"text": ["the meteorologist from a local television station", "an Internet article written by university students", "the Current Events section from a daily newspaper", "an Internet website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which source of information will most likely provide a student with the most accurate information about the landforms, natural resources, climate, and precipitation of Nevada?\nA. the meteorologist from a local television station\nB. an Internet article written by university students\nC. the Current Events section from a daily newspaper\nD. an Internet website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which source of information will most likely provide a student with the most accurate information about the landforms, natural resources, climate, and precipitation of Nevada?", "choices": {"text": ["an Internet article written by university students", "an Internet website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey", "the Current Events section from a daily newspaper", "the meteorologist from a local television station"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which source of information will most likely provide a student with the most accurate information about the landforms, natural resources, climate, and precipitation of Nevada?\nA. an Internet article written by university students\nB. an Internet website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey\nC. the Current Events section from a daily newspaper\nD. the meteorologist from a local television station\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which source of information will most likely provide a student with the most accurate information about the landforms, natural resources, climate, and precipitation of Nevada?", "choices": {"text": ["the meteorologist from a local television station", "an Internet article written by university students", "the Current Events section from a daily newspaper", "an Internet website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which source of information will most likely provide a student with the most accurate information about the landforms, natural resources, climate, and precipitation of Nevada?\n1. the meteorologist from a local television station\n2. an Internet article written by university students\n3. the Current Events section from a daily newspaper\n4. an Internet website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which source of information will most likely provide a student with the most accurate information about the landforms, natural resources, climate, and precipitation of Nevada?", "choices": {"text": ["the meteorologist from a local television station", "an Internet article written by university students", "the Current Events section from a daily newspaper", "an Internet website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey"], "label": ["N", "J", "M", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which source of information will most likely provide a student with the most accurate information about the landforms, natural resources, climate, and precipitation of Nevada?\nN. the meteorologist from a local television station\nJ. an Internet article written by university students\nM. the Current Events section from a daily newspaper\nI. an Internet website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which source of information will most likely provide a student with the most accurate information about the landforms, natural resources, climate, and precipitation of Nevada?", "choices": {"text": ["an Internet article written by university students", "an Internet website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey", "the Current Events section from a daily newspaper", "the meteorologist from a local television station"], "label": ["N", "J", "M", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which source of information will most likely provide a student with the most accurate information about the landforms, natural resources, climate, and precipitation of Nevada?\nN. an Internet article written by university students\nJ. an Internet website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey\nM. the Current Events section from a daily newspaper\nI. the meteorologist from a local television station\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2666}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7007893", "question": "Ocean tides result mainly from", "choices": {"text": ["surface winds.", "radiant heat from stars.", "Earth's tilt on its axis.", "the Moon's gravitational pull."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean tides result mainly from\nA. surface winds.\nB. radiant heat from stars.\nC. Earth's tilt on its axis.\nD. the Moon's gravitational pull.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean tides result mainly from", "choices": {"text": ["Earth's tilt on its axis.", "surface winds.", "the Moon's gravitational pull.", "radiant heat from stars."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean tides result mainly from\nA. Earth's tilt on its axis.\nB. surface winds.\nC. the Moon's gravitational pull.\nD. radiant heat from stars.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean tides result mainly from", "choices": {"text": ["surface winds.", "radiant heat from stars.", "Earth's tilt on its axis.", "the Moon's gravitational pull."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean tides result mainly from\n1. surface winds.\n2. radiant heat from stars.\n3. Earth's tilt on its axis.\n4. the Moon's gravitational pull.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean tides result mainly from", "choices": {"text": ["surface winds.", "radiant heat from stars.", "Earth's tilt on its axis.", "the Moon's gravitational pull."], "label": ["N", "P", "U", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean tides result mainly from\nN. surface winds.\nP. radiant heat from stars.\nU. Earth's tilt on its axis.\nY. the Moon's gravitational pull.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Ocean tides result mainly from", "choices": {"text": ["Earth's tilt on its axis.", "surface winds.", "the Moon's gravitational pull.", "radiant heat from stars."], "label": ["N", "P", "U", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Ocean tides result mainly from\nN. Earth's tilt on its axis.\nP. surface winds.\nU. the Moon's gravitational pull.\nY. radiant heat from stars.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2667}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7163748", "question": "A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these best explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity increases as the basketball bounces.", "The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball.", "Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor.", "The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these best explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?\nA. Gravity increases as the basketball bounces.\nB. The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball.\nC. Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor.\nD. The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these best explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?", "choices": {"text": ["The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball.", "Gravity increases as the basketball bounces.", "The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air.", "Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these best explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?\nA. The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball.\nB. Gravity increases as the basketball bounces.\nC. The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air.\nD. Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these best explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity increases as the basketball bounces.", "The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball.", "Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor.", "The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these best explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?\n1. Gravity increases as the basketball bounces.\n2. The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball.\n3. Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor.\n4. The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these best explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?", "choices": {"text": ["Gravity increases as the basketball bounces.", "The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball.", "Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor.", "The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air."], "label": ["G", "F", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these best explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?\nG. Gravity increases as the basketball bounces.\nF. The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball.\nX. Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor.\nK. The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these best explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?", "choices": {"text": ["The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball.", "Gravity increases as the basketball bounces.", "The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air.", "Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor."], "label": ["G", "F", "X", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A basketball bounces on the gym floor nine times and finally comes to a rest. Which of these best explains why the basketball rises to a lower height each time it bounces?\nG. The floor adds energy to the bouncing basketball.\nF. Gravity increases as the basketball bounces.\nX. The air inside the basketball is heavier than the surrounding air.\nK. Energy is transferred from the basketball to the floor.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2668}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7222933", "question": "How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing the length of days throughout the year", "by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb", "by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year", "by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?\nA. by increasing the length of days throughout the year\nB. by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb\nC. by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year\nD. by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?", "choices": {"text": ["by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year", "by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb", "by increasing the length of days throughout the year", "by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?\nA. by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year\nB. by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb\nC. by increasing the length of days throughout the year\nD. by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing the length of days throughout the year", "by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb", "by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year", "by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?\n1. by increasing the length of days throughout the year\n2. by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb\n3. by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year\n4. by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?", "choices": {"text": ["by increasing the length of days throughout the year", "by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb", "by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year", "by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move"], "label": ["E", "G", "T", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?\nE. by increasing the length of days throughout the year\nG. by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb\nT. by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year\nM. by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?", "choices": {"text": ["by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year", "by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb", "by increasing the length of days throughout the year", "by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move"], "label": ["E", "G", "T", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does the latitude of a region affect its climate?\nE. by determining the angle of sunlight throughout the year\nG. by increasing the amount of energy the land can absorb\nT. by increasing the length of days throughout the year\nM. by determining the rate that tectonic plates can move\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2669}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2010_3_5", "question": "When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?", "choices": {"text": ["Mass", "Weight", "Shape", "Smell"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?\nA. Mass\nB. Weight\nC. Shape\nD. Smell\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?", "choices": {"text": ["Mass", "Smell", "Weight", "Shape"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?\nA. Mass\nB. Smell\nC. Weight\nD. Shape\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?", "choices": {"text": ["Mass", "Weight", "Shape", "Smell"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?\n1. Mass\n2. Weight\n3. Shape\n4. Smell\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?", "choices": {"text": ["Mass", "Weight", "Shape", "Smell"], "label": ["C", "Z", "W", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?\nC. Mass\nZ. Weight\nW. Shape\nM. Smell\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?", "choices": {"text": ["Mass", "Smell", "Weight", "Shape"], "label": ["C", "Z", "W", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: When notebook paper is folded to make an airplane, what physical property of the paper changes?\nC. Mass\nZ. Smell\nW. Weight\nM. Shape\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2670}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_409390", "question": "Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because", "choices": {"text": ["the wind pushes on the ball with friction.", "the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.", "the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.", "the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because\nA. the wind pushes on the ball with friction.\nB. the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.\nC. the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.\nD. the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because", "choices": {"text": ["the wind pushes on the ball with friction.", "the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball.", "the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.", "the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because\nA. the wind pushes on the ball with friction.\nB. the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball.\nC. the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.\nD. the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because", "choices": {"text": ["the wind pushes on the ball with friction.", "the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.", "the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.", "the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because\n1. the wind pushes on the ball with friction.\n2. the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.\n3. the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.\n4. the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because", "choices": {"text": ["the wind pushes on the ball with friction.", "the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.", "the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.", "the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball."], "label": ["R", "C", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because\nR. the wind pushes on the ball with friction.\nC. the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.\nX. the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.\nQ. the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because", "choices": {"text": ["the wind pushes on the ball with friction.", "the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball.", "the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.", "the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball."], "label": ["R", "C", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because\nR. the wind pushes on the ball with friction.\nC. the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball.\nX. the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.\nQ. the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2671}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7252648", "question": "Which external stimulus causes a plant to bend toward it?", "choices": {"text": ["a light source", "a magnetic field", "a spray of water", "a source of wind"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which external stimulus causes a plant to bend toward it?\nA. a light source\nB. a magnetic field\nC. a spray of water\nD. a source of wind\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which external stimulus causes a plant to bend toward it?", "choices": {"text": ["a spray of water", "a source of wind", "a magnetic field", "a light source"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which external stimulus causes a plant to bend toward it?\nA. a spray of water\nB. a source of wind\nC. a magnetic field\nD. a light source\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which external stimulus causes a plant to bend toward it?", "choices": {"text": ["a light source", "a magnetic field", "a spray of water", "a source of wind"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which external stimulus causes a plant to bend toward it?\n1. a light source\n2. a magnetic field\n3. a spray of water\n4. a source of wind\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which external stimulus causes a plant to bend toward it?", "choices": {"text": ["a light source", "a magnetic field", "a spray of water", "a source of wind"], "label": ["A", "X", "U", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which external stimulus causes a plant to bend toward it?\nA. a light source\nX. a magnetic field\nU. a spray of water\nI. a source of wind\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which external stimulus causes a plant to bend toward it?", "choices": {"text": ["a spray of water", "a source of wind", "a magnetic field", "a light source"], "label": ["A", "X", "U", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which external stimulus causes a plant to bend toward it?\nA. a spray of water\nX. a source of wind\nU. a magnetic field\nI. a light source\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2672}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7218558", "question": "The large-scale development of personal automobiles started in the early 1900s. Which of the following was a major cost associated with the efficient use of these automobiles?", "choices": {"text": ["Road systems had to be expanded.", "Cities had to be built farther apart.", "Houses inside cities had to be built farther apart.", "Vehicle choices available to consumers had to be expanded."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The large-scale development of personal automobiles started in the early 1900s. Which of the following was a major cost associated with the efficient use of these automobiles?\nA. Road systems had to be expanded.\nB. Cities had to be built farther apart.\nC. Houses inside cities had to be built farther apart.\nD. Vehicle choices available to consumers had to be expanded.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The large-scale development of personal automobiles started in the early 1900s. Which of the following was a major cost associated with the efficient use of these automobiles?", "choices": {"text": ["Cities had to be built farther apart.", "Vehicle choices available to consumers had to be expanded.", "Road systems had to be expanded.", "Houses inside cities had to be built farther apart."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The large-scale development of personal automobiles started in the early 1900s. Which of the following was a major cost associated with the efficient use of these automobiles?\nA. Cities had to be built farther apart.\nB. Vehicle choices available to consumers had to be expanded.\nC. Road systems had to be expanded.\nD. Houses inside cities had to be built farther apart.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The large-scale development of personal automobiles started in the early 1900s. Which of the following was a major cost associated with the efficient use of these automobiles?", "choices": {"text": ["Road systems had to be expanded.", "Cities had to be built farther apart.", "Houses inside cities had to be built farther apart.", "Vehicle choices available to consumers had to be expanded."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The large-scale development of personal automobiles started in the early 1900s. Which of the following was a major cost associated with the efficient use of these automobiles?\n1. Road systems had to be expanded.\n2. Cities had to be built farther apart.\n3. Houses inside cities had to be built farther apart.\n4. Vehicle choices available to consumers had to be expanded.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The large-scale development of personal automobiles started in the early 1900s. Which of the following was a major cost associated with the efficient use of these automobiles?", "choices": {"text": ["Road systems had to be expanded.", "Cities had to be built farther apart.", "Houses inside cities had to be built farther apart.", "Vehicle choices available to consumers had to be expanded."], "label": ["O", "E", "Y", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The large-scale development of personal automobiles started in the early 1900s. Which of the following was a major cost associated with the efficient use of these automobiles?\nO. Road systems had to be expanded.\nE. Cities had to be built farther apart.\nY. Houses inside cities had to be built farther apart.\nD. Vehicle choices available to consumers had to be expanded.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The large-scale development of personal automobiles started in the early 1900s. Which of the following was a major cost associated with the efficient use of these automobiles?", "choices": {"text": ["Cities had to be built farther apart.", "Vehicle choices available to consumers had to be expanded.", "Road systems had to be expanded.", "Houses inside cities had to be built farther apart."], "label": ["O", "E", "Y", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The large-scale development of personal automobiles started in the early 1900s. Which of the following was a major cost associated with the efficient use of these automobiles?\nO. Cities had to be built farther apart.\nE. Vehicle choices available to consumers had to be expanded.\nY. Road systems had to be expanded.\nD. Houses inside cities had to be built farther apart.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2673}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_18", "question": "A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?", "choices": {"text": ["hearing", "smelling", "tasting", "touching"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?\nA. hearing\nB. smelling\nC. tasting\nD. touching\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?", "choices": {"text": ["tasting", "hearing", "smelling", "touching"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?\nA. tasting\nB. hearing\nC. smelling\nD. touching\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?", "choices": {"text": ["hearing", "smelling", "tasting", "touching"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?\n1. hearing\n2. smelling\n3. tasting\n4. touching\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?", "choices": {"text": ["hearing", "smelling", "tasting", "touching"], "label": ["L", "T", "W", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?\nL. hearing\nT. smelling\nW. tasting\nX. touching\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?", "choices": {"text": ["tasting", "hearing", "smelling", "touching"], "label": ["L", "T", "W", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?\nL. tasting\nT. hearing\nW. smelling\nX. touching\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2674}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_22", "question": "One example of matter is", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "heat", "water", "radiation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One example of matter is\nA. magnetism\nB. heat\nC. water\nD. radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One example of matter is", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "water", "radiation", "heat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One example of matter is\nA. magnetism\nB. water\nC. radiation\nD. heat\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One example of matter is", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "heat", "water", "radiation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One example of matter is\n1. magnetism\n2. heat\n3. water\n4. radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One example of matter is", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "heat", "water", "radiation"], "label": ["D", "R", "C", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: One example of matter is\nD. magnetism\nR. heat\nC. water\nN. radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One example of matter is", "choices": {"text": ["magnetism", "water", "radiation", "heat"], "label": ["D", "R", "C", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: One example of matter is\nD. magnetism\nR. water\nC. radiation\nN. heat\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2675}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400049", "question": "Which object refracts light rays?", "choices": {"text": ["wooden door", "cardboard box", "aluminum can", "glass window"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object refracts light rays?\nA. wooden door\nB. cardboard box\nC. aluminum can\nD. glass window\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object refracts light rays?", "choices": {"text": ["cardboard box", "glass window", "aluminum can", "wooden door"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object refracts light rays?\nA. cardboard box\nB. glass window\nC. aluminum can\nD. wooden door\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object refracts light rays?", "choices": {"text": ["wooden door", "cardboard box", "aluminum can", "glass window"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object refracts light rays?\n1. wooden door\n2. cardboard box\n3. aluminum can\n4. glass window\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object refracts light rays?", "choices": {"text": ["wooden door", "cardboard box", "aluminum can", "glass window"], "label": ["X", "P", "G", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object refracts light rays?\nX. wooden door\nP. cardboard box\nG. aluminum can\nK. glass window\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object refracts light rays?", "choices": {"text": ["cardboard box", "glass window", "aluminum can", "wooden door"], "label": ["X", "P", "G", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object refracts light rays?\nX. cardboard box\nP. glass window\nG. aluminum can\nK. wooden door\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2676}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7188475", "question": "What will happen to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic saline solution?", "choices": {"text": ["Water will exit the cell causing it to shrink.", "Water will enter the cell causing it to swell.", "Salt will exit the cell causing it to shrink.", "Salt will enter the cell causing it to swell."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What will happen to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic saline solution?\nA. Water will exit the cell causing it to shrink.\nB. Water will enter the cell causing it to swell.\nC. Salt will exit the cell causing it to shrink.\nD. Salt will enter the cell causing it to swell.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What will happen to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic saline solution?", "choices": {"text": ["Water will enter the cell causing it to swell.", "Salt will enter the cell causing it to swell.", "Salt will exit the cell causing it to shrink.", "Water will exit the cell causing it to shrink."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What will happen to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic saline solution?\nA. Water will enter the cell causing it to swell.\nB. Salt will enter the cell causing it to swell.\nC. Salt will exit the cell causing it to shrink.\nD. Water will exit the cell causing it to shrink.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What will happen to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic saline solution?", "choices": {"text": ["Water will exit the cell causing it to shrink.", "Water will enter the cell causing it to swell.", "Salt will exit the cell causing it to shrink.", "Salt will enter the cell causing it to swell."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What will happen to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic saline solution?\n1. Water will exit the cell causing it to shrink.\n2. Water will enter the cell causing it to swell.\n3. Salt will exit the cell causing it to shrink.\n4. Salt will enter the cell causing it to swell.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What will happen to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic saline solution?", "choices": {"text": ["Water will exit the cell causing it to shrink.", "Water will enter the cell causing it to swell.", "Salt will exit the cell causing it to shrink.", "Salt will enter the cell causing it to swell."], "label": ["V", "X", "D", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: What will happen to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic saline solution?\nV. Water will exit the cell causing it to shrink.\nX. Water will enter the cell causing it to swell.\nD. Salt will exit the cell causing it to shrink.\nS. Salt will enter the cell causing it to swell.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What will happen to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic saline solution?", "choices": {"text": ["Water will enter the cell causing it to swell.", "Salt will enter the cell causing it to swell.", "Salt will exit the cell causing it to shrink.", "Water will exit the cell causing it to shrink."], "label": ["V", "X", "D", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: What will happen to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic saline solution?\nV. Water will enter the cell causing it to swell.\nX. Salt will enter the cell causing it to swell.\nD. Salt will exit the cell causing it to shrink.\nS. Water will exit the cell causing it to shrink.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2677}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_21", "question": "A butterfly lays an egg. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva becomes a pupa and then changes into a butterfly. This process is called", "choices": {"text": ["an adaptation", "a habitat", "a food chain", "a life cycle"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A butterfly lays an egg. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva becomes a pupa and then changes into a butterfly. This process is called\nA. an adaptation\nB. a habitat\nC. a food chain\nD. a life cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A butterfly lays an egg. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva becomes a pupa and then changes into a butterfly. This process is called", "choices": {"text": ["an adaptation", "a life cycle", "a food chain", "a habitat"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A butterfly lays an egg. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva becomes a pupa and then changes into a butterfly. This process is called\nA. an adaptation\nB. a life cycle\nC. a food chain\nD. a habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A butterfly lays an egg. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva becomes a pupa and then changes into a butterfly. This process is called", "choices": {"text": ["an adaptation", "a habitat", "a food chain", "a life cycle"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A butterfly lays an egg. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva becomes a pupa and then changes into a butterfly. This process is called\n1. an adaptation\n2. a habitat\n3. a food chain\n4. a life cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A butterfly lays an egg. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva becomes a pupa and then changes into a butterfly. This process is called", "choices": {"text": ["an adaptation", "a habitat", "a food chain", "a life cycle"], "label": ["K", "P", "H", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A butterfly lays an egg. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva becomes a pupa and then changes into a butterfly. This process is called\nK. an adaptation\nP. a habitat\nH. a food chain\nY. a life cycle\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A butterfly lays an egg. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva becomes a pupa and then changes into a butterfly. This process is called", "choices": {"text": ["an adaptation", "a life cycle", "a food chain", "a habitat"], "label": ["K", "P", "H", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: A butterfly lays an egg. The egg hatches into a larva. The larva becomes a pupa and then changes into a butterfly. This process is called\nK. an adaptation\nP. a life cycle\nH. a food chain\nY. a habitat\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2678}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400058", "question": "The small stone plant has leaves that look like pebbles or stones. This characteristic helps the plant", "choices": {"text": ["attract insects for pollination.", "produce a large number of seeds.", "absorb water and nutrients.", "avoid being eaten by animals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The small stone plant has leaves that look like pebbles or stones. This characteristic helps the plant\nA. attract insects for pollination.\nB. produce a large number of seeds.\nC. absorb water and nutrients.\nD. avoid being eaten by animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The small stone plant has leaves that look like pebbles or stones. This characteristic helps the plant", "choices": {"text": ["avoid being eaten by animals.", "produce a large number of seeds.", "attract insects for pollination.", "absorb water and nutrients."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The small stone plant has leaves that look like pebbles or stones. This characteristic helps the plant\nA. avoid being eaten by animals.\nB. produce a large number of seeds.\nC. attract insects for pollination.\nD. absorb water and nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The small stone plant has leaves that look like pebbles or stones. This characteristic helps the plant", "choices": {"text": ["attract insects for pollination.", "produce a large number of seeds.", "absorb water and nutrients.", "avoid being eaten by animals."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The small stone plant has leaves that look like pebbles or stones. This characteristic helps the plant\n1. attract insects for pollination.\n2. produce a large number of seeds.\n3. absorb water and nutrients.\n4. avoid being eaten by animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The small stone plant has leaves that look like pebbles or stones. This characteristic helps the plant", "choices": {"text": ["attract insects for pollination.", "produce a large number of seeds.", "absorb water and nutrients.", "avoid being eaten by animals."], "label": ["D", "F", "U", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The small stone plant has leaves that look like pebbles or stones. This characteristic helps the plant\nD. attract insects for pollination.\nF. produce a large number of seeds.\nU. absorb water and nutrients.\nW. avoid being eaten by animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The small stone plant has leaves that look like pebbles or stones. This characteristic helps the plant", "choices": {"text": ["avoid being eaten by animals.", "produce a large number of seeds.", "attract insects for pollination.", "absorb water and nutrients."], "label": ["D", "F", "U", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: The small stone plant has leaves that look like pebbles or stones. This characteristic helps the plant\nD. avoid being eaten by animals.\nF. produce a large number of seeds.\nU. attract insects for pollination.\nW. absorb water and nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2679}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_406155", "question": "Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?", "choices": {"text": ["a bat hitting a baseball", "a paper clip attracted to a magnet", "a refrigerator pushed across the floor", "a bicycle tire rubbing against the road"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?\nA. a bat hitting a baseball\nB. a paper clip attracted to a magnet\nC. a refrigerator pushed across the floor\nD. a bicycle tire rubbing against the road\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?", "choices": {"text": ["a paper clip attracted to a magnet", "a refrigerator pushed across the floor", "a bicycle tire rubbing against the road", "a bat hitting a baseball"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?\nA. a paper clip attracted to a magnet\nB. a refrigerator pushed across the floor\nC. a bicycle tire rubbing against the road\nD. a bat hitting a baseball\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?", "choices": {"text": ["a bat hitting a baseball", "a paper clip attracted to a magnet", "a refrigerator pushed across the floor", "a bicycle tire rubbing against the road"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?\n1. a bat hitting a baseball\n2. a paper clip attracted to a magnet\n3. a refrigerator pushed across the floor\n4. a bicycle tire rubbing against the road\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?", "choices": {"text": ["a bat hitting a baseball", "a paper clip attracted to a magnet", "a refrigerator pushed across the floor", "a bicycle tire rubbing against the road"], "label": ["G", "D", "U", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?\nG. a bat hitting a baseball\nD. a paper clip attracted to a magnet\nU. a refrigerator pushed across the floor\nV. a bicycle tire rubbing against the road\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?", "choices": {"text": ["a paper clip attracted to a magnet", "a refrigerator pushed across the floor", "a bicycle tire rubbing against the road", "a bat hitting a baseball"], "label": ["G", "D", "U", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is an example of a non-contact force acting on an object?\nG. a paper clip attracted to a magnet\nD. a refrigerator pushed across the floor\nU. a bicycle tire rubbing against the road\nV. a bat hitting a baseball\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2680}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_400813", "question": "What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?", "choices": {"text": ["It is released as heat.", "It generates a current.", "It increases product mass.", "It is transformed into neutrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?\nA. It is released as heat.\nB. It generates a current.\nC. It increases product mass.\nD. It is transformed into neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?", "choices": {"text": ["It increases product mass.", "It generates a current.", "It is released as heat.", "It is transformed into neutrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?\nA. It increases product mass.\nB. It generates a current.\nC. It is released as heat.\nD. It is transformed into neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?", "choices": {"text": ["It is released as heat.", "It generates a current.", "It increases product mass.", "It is transformed into neutrons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?\n1. It is released as heat.\n2. It generates a current.\n3. It increases product mass.\n4. It is transformed into neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?", "choices": {"text": ["It is released as heat.", "It generates a current.", "It increases product mass.", "It is transformed into neutrons."], "label": ["N", "C", "Z", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?\nN. It is released as heat.\nC. It generates a current.\nZ. It increases product mass.\nP. It is transformed into neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?", "choices": {"text": ["It increases product mass.", "It generates a current.", "It is released as heat.", "It is transformed into neutrons."], "label": ["N", "C", "Z", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What happens to the chemical energy in methane's bonds when methane reacts with oxygen and forms H_{2}O and CO_{2}?\nN. It increases product mass.\nC. It generates a current.\nZ. It is released as heat.\nP. It is transformed into neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2681}
{"arc_id": "LEAP__5_10316", "question": "What is a common use of the mineral graphite?", "choices": {"text": ["to make glass", "as a source of iron", "to make pencil leads", "as a household cleaner"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a common use of the mineral graphite?\nA. to make glass\nB. as a source of iron\nC. to make pencil leads\nD. as a household cleaner\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a common use of the mineral graphite?", "choices": {"text": ["as a household cleaner", "to make glass", "as a source of iron", "to make pencil leads"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a common use of the mineral graphite?\nA. as a household cleaner\nB. to make glass\nC. as a source of iron\nD. to make pencil leads\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a common use of the mineral graphite?", "choices": {"text": ["to make glass", "as a source of iron", "to make pencil leads", "as a household cleaner"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a common use of the mineral graphite?\n1. to make glass\n2. as a source of iron\n3. to make pencil leads\n4. as a household cleaner\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a common use of the mineral graphite?", "choices": {"text": ["to make glass", "as a source of iron", "to make pencil leads", "as a household cleaner"], "label": ["P", "J", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a common use of the mineral graphite?\nP. to make glass\nJ. as a source of iron\nS. to make pencil leads\nR. as a household cleaner\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a common use of the mineral graphite?", "choices": {"text": ["as a household cleaner", "to make glass", "as a source of iron", "to make pencil leads"], "label": ["P", "J", "S", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a common use of the mineral graphite?\nP. as a household cleaner\nJ. to make glass\nS. as a source of iron\nR. to make pencil leads\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2682}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2009_8_4", "question": "Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion of coastlines", "weathering of mountains", "movement of crustal plates", "formation of sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?\nA. erosion of coastlines\nB. weathering of mountains\nC. movement of crustal plates\nD. formation of sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering of mountains", "movement of crustal plates", "erosion of coastlines", "formation of sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?\nA. weathering of mountains\nB. movement of crustal plates\nC. erosion of coastlines\nD. formation of sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion of coastlines", "weathering of mountains", "movement of crustal plates", "formation of sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?\n1. erosion of coastlines\n2. weathering of mountains\n3. movement of crustal plates\n4. formation of sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?", "choices": {"text": ["erosion of coastlines", "weathering of mountains", "movement of crustal plates", "formation of sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["M", "B", "Q", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?\nM. erosion of coastlines\nB. weathering of mountains\nQ. movement of crustal plates\nK. formation of sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?", "choices": {"text": ["weathering of mountains", "movement of crustal plates", "erosion of coastlines", "formation of sedimentary rocks"], "label": ["M", "B", "Q", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?\nM. weathering of mountains\nB. movement of crustal plates\nQ. erosion of coastlines\nK. formation of sedimentary rocks\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2683}
{"arc_id": "MDSA_2010_8_17", "question": "An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed and direction of the object will change.", "The speed and direction of the object will not change.", "The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant.", "The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?\nA. The speed and direction of the object will change.\nB. The speed and direction of the object will not change.\nC. The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant.\nD. The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed and direction of the object will not change.", "The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant.", "The speed and direction of the object will change.", "The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?\nA. The speed and direction of the object will not change.\nB. The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant.\nC. The speed and direction of the object will change.\nD. The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed and direction of the object will change.", "The speed and direction of the object will not change.", "The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant.", "The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?\n1. The speed and direction of the object will change.\n2. The speed and direction of the object will not change.\n3. The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant.\n4. The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed and direction of the object will change.", "The speed and direction of the object will not change.", "The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant.", "The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant."], "label": ["J", "R", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?\nJ. The speed and direction of the object will change.\nR. The speed and direction of the object will not change.\nV. The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant.\nB. The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?", "choices": {"text": ["The speed and direction of the object will not change.", "The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant.", "The speed and direction of the object will change.", "The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant."], "label": ["J", "R", "V", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?\nJ. The speed and direction of the object will not change.\nR. The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant.\nV. The speed and direction of the object will change.\nB. The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant.\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2684}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7170835", "question": "Mr. Harris mows his lawn twice each month. He claims that it is better to leave the clippings on the ground. Which long term effect will this most likely have on his lawn?", "choices": {"text": ["It will eventually cause the grass to stop growing.", "It will prevent bacteria from invading the lawn.", "It will provide the lawn with needed nutrients.", "It will reduce the insect population."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mr. Harris mows his lawn twice each month. He claims that it is better to leave the clippings on the ground. Which long term effect will this most likely have on his lawn?\nA. It will eventually cause the grass to stop growing.\nB. It will prevent bacteria from invading the lawn.\nC. It will provide the lawn with needed nutrients.\nD. It will reduce the insect population.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Mr. Harris mows his lawn twice each month. He claims that it is better to leave the clippings on the ground. Which long term effect will this most likely have on his lawn?", "choices": {"text": ["It will eventually cause the grass to stop growing.", "It will reduce the insect population.", "It will prevent bacteria from invading the lawn.", "It will provide the lawn with needed nutrients."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mr. Harris mows his lawn twice each month. He claims that it is better to leave the clippings on the ground. Which long term effect will this most likely have on his lawn?\nA. It will eventually cause the grass to stop growing.\nB. It will reduce the insect population.\nC. It will prevent bacteria from invading the lawn.\nD. It will provide the lawn with needed nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Mr. Harris mows his lawn twice each month. He claims that it is better to leave the clippings on the ground. Which long term effect will this most likely have on his lawn?", "choices": {"text": ["It will eventually cause the grass to stop growing.", "It will prevent bacteria from invading the lawn.", "It will provide the lawn with needed nutrients.", "It will reduce the insect population."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mr. Harris mows his lawn twice each month. He claims that it is better to leave the clippings on the ground. Which long term effect will this most likely have on his lawn?\n1. It will eventually cause the grass to stop growing.\n2. It will prevent bacteria from invading the lawn.\n3. It will provide the lawn with needed nutrients.\n4. It will reduce the insect population.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Mr. Harris mows his lawn twice each month. He claims that it is better to leave the clippings on the ground. Which long term effect will this most likely have on his lawn?", "choices": {"text": ["It will eventually cause the grass to stop growing.", "It will prevent bacteria from invading the lawn.", "It will provide the lawn with needed nutrients.", "It will reduce the insect population."], "label": ["U", "X", "H", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mr. Harris mows his lawn twice each month. He claims that it is better to leave the clippings on the ground. Which long term effect will this most likely have on his lawn?\nU. It will eventually cause the grass to stop growing.\nX. It will prevent bacteria from invading the lawn.\nH. It will provide the lawn with needed nutrients.\nP. It will reduce the insect population.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Mr. Harris mows his lawn twice each month. He claims that it is better to leave the clippings on the ground. Which long term effect will this most likely have on his lawn?", "choices": {"text": ["It will eventually cause the grass to stop growing.", "It will reduce the insect population.", "It will prevent bacteria from invading the lawn.", "It will provide the lawn with needed nutrients."], "label": ["U", "X", "H", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Mr. Harris mows his lawn twice each month. He claims that it is better to leave the clippings on the ground. Which long term effect will this most likely have on his lawn?\nU. It will eventually cause the grass to stop growing.\nX. It will reduce the insect population.\nH. It will prevent bacteria from invading the lawn.\nP. It will provide the lawn with needed nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2685}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7107398", "question": "Some researchers predicted that mice could learn their way around a maze quickly if given a food reward. After many trials, the results came back but differed from the hypothesis. How should the researchers proceed?", "choices": {"text": ["Show some results that agree with the hypothesis.", "Report the results accurately and then form a new hypothesis.", "Conduct more trials until the hypothesis is proven.", "Rewrite the hypothesis to better match the results."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some researchers predicted that mice could learn their way around a maze quickly if given a food reward. After many trials, the results came back but differed from the hypothesis. How should the researchers proceed?\nA. Show some results that agree with the hypothesis.\nB. Report the results accurately and then form a new hypothesis.\nC. Conduct more trials until the hypothesis is proven.\nD. Rewrite the hypothesis to better match the results.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some researchers predicted that mice could learn their way around a maze quickly if given a food reward. After many trials, the results came back but differed from the hypothesis. How should the researchers proceed?", "choices": {"text": ["Show some results that agree with the hypothesis.", "Rewrite the hypothesis to better match the results.", "Report the results accurately and then form a new hypothesis.", "Conduct more trials until the hypothesis is proven."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some researchers predicted that mice could learn their way around a maze quickly if given a food reward. After many trials, the results came back but differed from the hypothesis. How should the researchers proceed?\nA. Show some results that agree with the hypothesis.\nB. Rewrite the hypothesis to better match the results.\nC. Report the results accurately and then form a new hypothesis.\nD. Conduct more trials until the hypothesis is proven.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some researchers predicted that mice could learn their way around a maze quickly if given a food reward. After many trials, the results came back but differed from the hypothesis. How should the researchers proceed?", "choices": {"text": ["Show some results that agree with the hypothesis.", "Report the results accurately and then form a new hypothesis.", "Conduct more trials until the hypothesis is proven.", "Rewrite the hypothesis to better match the results."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some researchers predicted that mice could learn their way around a maze quickly if given a food reward. After many trials, the results came back but differed from the hypothesis. How should the researchers proceed?\n1. Show some results that agree with the hypothesis.\n2. Report the results accurately and then form a new hypothesis.\n3. Conduct more trials until the hypothesis is proven.\n4. Rewrite the hypothesis to better match the results.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some researchers predicted that mice could learn their way around a maze quickly if given a food reward. After many trials, the results came back but differed from the hypothesis. How should the researchers proceed?", "choices": {"text": ["Show some results that agree with the hypothesis.", "Report the results accurately and then form a new hypothesis.", "Conduct more trials until the hypothesis is proven.", "Rewrite the hypothesis to better match the results."], "label": ["I", "N", "L", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some researchers predicted that mice could learn their way around a maze quickly if given a food reward. After many trials, the results came back but differed from the hypothesis. How should the researchers proceed?\nI. Show some results that agree with the hypothesis.\nN. Report the results accurately and then form a new hypothesis.\nL. Conduct more trials until the hypothesis is proven.\nG. Rewrite the hypothesis to better match the results.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some researchers predicted that mice could learn their way around a maze quickly if given a food reward. After many trials, the results came back but differed from the hypothesis. How should the researchers proceed?", "choices": {"text": ["Show some results that agree with the hypothesis.", "Rewrite the hypothesis to better match the results.", "Report the results accurately and then form a new hypothesis.", "Conduct more trials until the hypothesis is proven."], "label": ["I", "N", "L", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some researchers predicted that mice could learn their way around a maze quickly if given a food reward. After many trials, the results came back but differed from the hypothesis. How should the researchers proceed?\nI. Show some results that agree with the hypothesis.\nN. Rewrite the hypothesis to better match the results.\nL. Report the results accurately and then form a new hypothesis.\nG. Conduct more trials until the hypothesis is proven.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2686}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2011_5_12", "question": "There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["To make and store food", "To add oxygen to the atmosphere", "To release energy from stored food", "To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?\nA. To make and store food\nB. To add oxygen to the atmosphere\nC. To release energy from stored food\nD. To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["To make and store food", "To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere", "To add oxygen to the atmosphere", "To release energy from stored food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?\nA. To make and store food\nB. To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere\nC. To add oxygen to the atmosphere\nD. To release energy from stored food\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["To make and store food", "To add oxygen to the atmosphere", "To release energy from stored food", "To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?\n1. To make and store food\n2. To add oxygen to the atmosphere\n3. To release energy from stored food\n4. To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["To make and store food", "To add oxygen to the atmosphere", "To release energy from stored food", "To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere"], "label": ["U", "N", "K", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?\nU. To make and store food\nN. To add oxygen to the atmosphere\nK. To release energy from stored food\nA. To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?", "choices": {"text": ["To make and store food", "To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere", "To add oxygen to the atmosphere", "To release energy from stored food"], "label": ["U", "N", "K", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?\nU. To make and store food\nN. To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere\nK. To add oxygen to the atmosphere\nA. To release energy from stored food\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2687}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405721", "question": "Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?", "choices": {"text": ["The grass has more friction.", "The grass attracts more wind.", "The grass has a higher temperature.", "The grass increases Earth's gravity."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?\nA. The grass has more friction.\nB. The grass attracts more wind.\nC. The grass has a higher temperature.\nD. The grass increases Earth's gravity.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?", "choices": {"text": ["The grass has a higher temperature.", "The grass attracts more wind.", "The grass increases Earth's gravity.", "The grass has more friction."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?\nA. The grass has a higher temperature.\nB. The grass attracts more wind.\nC. The grass increases Earth's gravity.\nD. The grass has more friction.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?", "choices": {"text": ["The grass has more friction.", "The grass attracts more wind.", "The grass has a higher temperature.", "The grass increases Earth's gravity."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?\n1. The grass has more friction.\n2. The grass attracts more wind.\n3. The grass has a higher temperature.\n4. The grass increases Earth's gravity.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?", "choices": {"text": ["The grass has more friction.", "The grass attracts more wind.", "The grass has a higher temperature.", "The grass increases Earth's gravity."], "label": ["D", "B", "I", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?\nD. The grass has more friction.\nB. The grass attracts more wind.\nI. The grass has a higher temperature.\nK. The grass increases Earth's gravity.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?", "choices": {"text": ["The grass has a higher temperature.", "The grass attracts more wind.", "The grass increases Earth's gravity.", "The grass has more friction."], "label": ["D", "B", "I", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Christina kicks a ball. The ball moves faster when she kicks it on the concrete sidewalk than when she kicks it on the grass. Why does the ball travel slower on the grass than the sidewalk?\nD. The grass has a higher temperature.\nB. The grass attracts more wind.\nI. The grass increases Earth's gravity.\nK. The grass has more friction.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2688}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg29", "question": "Immediately before and after running a 50 metre race, your pulse and breathing rates are taken. What changes would you expect to find?", "choices": {"text": ["no change in pulse but a decrease in breathing rate", "an increase in pulse but no change in breathing rate", "an increase in pulse and breathing rate", "a decrease in pulse and breathing rate", "no change in either"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Immediately before and after running a 50 metre race, your pulse and breathing rates are taken. What changes would you expect to find?\nA. no change in pulse but a decrease in breathing rate\nB. an increase in pulse but no change in breathing rate\nC. an increase in pulse and breathing rate\nD. a decrease in pulse and breathing rate\nE. no change in either\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Immediately before and after running a 50 metre race, your pulse and breathing rates are taken. What changes would you expect to find?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in pulse and breathing rate", "a decrease in pulse and breathing rate", "no change in either", "an increase in pulse but no change in breathing rate", "no change in pulse but a decrease in breathing rate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Immediately before and after running a 50 metre race, your pulse and breathing rates are taken. What changes would you expect to find?\nA. an increase in pulse and breathing rate\nB. a decrease in pulse and breathing rate\nC. no change in either\nD. an increase in pulse but no change in breathing rate\nE. no change in pulse but a decrease in breathing rate\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Immediately before and after running a 50 metre race, your pulse and breathing rates are taken. What changes would you expect to find?", "choices": {"text": ["no change in pulse but a decrease in breathing rate", "an increase in pulse but no change in breathing rate", "an increase in pulse and breathing rate", "a decrease in pulse and breathing rate", "no change in either"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"]}, "prompt": "Question: Immediately before and after running a 50 metre race, your pulse and breathing rates are taken. What changes would you expect to find?\n1. no change in pulse but a decrease in breathing rate\n2. an increase in pulse but no change in breathing rate\n3. an increase in pulse and breathing rate\n4. a decrease in pulse and breathing rate\n5. no change in either\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Immediately before and after running a 50 metre race, your pulse and breathing rates are taken. What changes would you expect to find?", "choices": {"text": ["no change in pulse but a decrease in breathing rate", "an increase in pulse but no change in breathing rate", "an increase in pulse and breathing rate", "a decrease in pulse and breathing rate", "no change in either"], "label": ["J", "S", "Y", "M", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Immediately before and after running a 50 metre race, your pulse and breathing rates are taken. What changes would you expect to find?\nJ. no change in pulse but a decrease in breathing rate\nS. an increase in pulse but no change in breathing rate\nY. an increase in pulse and breathing rate\nM. a decrease in pulse and breathing rate\nR. no change in either\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Immediately before and after running a 50 metre race, your pulse and breathing rates are taken. What changes would you expect to find?", "choices": {"text": ["an increase in pulse and breathing rate", "a decrease in pulse and breathing rate", "no change in either", "an increase in pulse but no change in breathing rate", "no change in pulse but a decrease in breathing rate"], "label": ["J", "S", "Y", "M", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Immediately before and after running a 50 metre race, your pulse and breathing rates are taken. What changes would you expect to find?\nJ. an increase in pulse and breathing rate\nS. a decrease in pulse and breathing rate\nY. no change in either\nM. an increase in pulse but no change in breathing rate\nR. no change in pulse but a decrease in breathing rate\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2689}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7103338", "question": "Which steps in the water cycle most directly cause floods?", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation and runoff", "condensation and evaporation", "runoff and condensation", "evaporation and precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which steps in the water cycle most directly cause floods?\nA. precipitation and runoff\nB. condensation and evaporation\nC. runoff and condensation\nD. evaporation and precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which steps in the water cycle most directly cause floods?", "choices": {"text": ["runoff and condensation", "precipitation and runoff", "condensation and evaporation", "evaporation and precipitation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which steps in the water cycle most directly cause floods?\nA. runoff and condensation\nB. precipitation and runoff\nC. condensation and evaporation\nD. evaporation and precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which steps in the water cycle most directly cause floods?", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation and runoff", "condensation and evaporation", "runoff and condensation", "evaporation and precipitation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which steps in the water cycle most directly cause floods?\n1. precipitation and runoff\n2. condensation and evaporation\n3. runoff and condensation\n4. evaporation and precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which steps in the water cycle most directly cause floods?", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation and runoff", "condensation and evaporation", "runoff and condensation", "evaporation and precipitation"], "label": ["Z", "D", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which steps in the water cycle most directly cause floods?\nZ. precipitation and runoff\nD. condensation and evaporation\nG. runoff and condensation\nY. evaporation and precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which steps in the water cycle most directly cause floods?", "choices": {"text": ["runoff and condensation", "precipitation and runoff", "condensation and evaporation", "evaporation and precipitation"], "label": ["Z", "D", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which steps in the water cycle most directly cause floods?\nZ. runoff and condensation\nD. precipitation and runoff\nG. condensation and evaporation\nY. evaporation and precipitation\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2690}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7030590", "question": "An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the engineer concludes Part B is the best for the job. What was the independent variable in this test?", "choices": {"text": ["dimensions of the parts", "temperatures to which the parts were heated", "the engine used to test the parts", "the composition of the parts"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the engineer concludes Part B is the best for the job. What was the independent variable in this test?\nA. dimensions of the parts\nB. temperatures to which the parts were heated\nC. the engine used to test the parts\nD. the composition of the parts\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the engineer concludes Part B is the best for the job. What was the independent variable in this test?", "choices": {"text": ["temperatures to which the parts were heated", "the engine used to test the parts", "the composition of the parts", "dimensions of the parts"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the engineer concludes Part B is the best for the job. What was the independent variable in this test?\nA. temperatures to which the parts were heated\nB. the engine used to test the parts\nC. the composition of the parts\nD. dimensions of the parts\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the engineer concludes Part B is the best for the job. What was the independent variable in this test?", "choices": {"text": ["dimensions of the parts", "temperatures to which the parts were heated", "the engine used to test the parts", "the composition of the parts"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the engineer concludes Part B is the best for the job. What was the independent variable in this test?\n1. dimensions of the parts\n2. temperatures to which the parts were heated\n3. the engine used to test the parts\n4. the composition of the parts\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the engineer concludes Part B is the best for the job. What was the independent variable in this test?", "choices": {"text": ["dimensions of the parts", "temperatures to which the parts were heated", "the engine used to test the parts", "the composition of the parts"], "label": ["F", "G", "J", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the engineer concludes Part B is the best for the job. What was the independent variable in this test?\nF. dimensions of the parts\nG. temperatures to which the parts were heated\nJ. the engine used to test the parts\nK. the composition of the parts\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the engineer concludes Part B is the best for the job. What was the independent variable in this test?", "choices": {"text": ["temperatures to which the parts were heated", "the engine used to test the parts", "the composition of the parts", "dimensions of the parts"], "label": ["F", "G", "J", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the engineer concludes Part B is the best for the job. What was the independent variable in this test?\nF. temperatures to which the parts were heated\nG. the engine used to test the parts\nJ. the composition of the parts\nK. dimensions of the parts\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2691}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_7", "question": "Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by", "choices": {"text": ["producing chemicals that destroy the microbes", "dissolving wastes from the microbes", "creating recessive genes in the microbes", "supplying oxygen and nutrients to the microbes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by\nA. producing chemicals that destroy the microbes\nB. dissolving wastes from the microbes\nC. creating recessive genes in the microbes\nD. supplying oxygen and nutrients to the microbes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by", "choices": {"text": ["creating recessive genes in the microbes", "dissolving wastes from the microbes", "producing chemicals that destroy the microbes", "supplying oxygen and nutrients to the microbes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by\nA. creating recessive genes in the microbes\nB. dissolving wastes from the microbes\nC. producing chemicals that destroy the microbes\nD. supplying oxygen and nutrients to the microbes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by", "choices": {"text": ["producing chemicals that destroy the microbes", "dissolving wastes from the microbes", "creating recessive genes in the microbes", "supplying oxygen and nutrients to the microbes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by\n1. producing chemicals that destroy the microbes\n2. dissolving wastes from the microbes\n3. creating recessive genes in the microbes\n4. supplying oxygen and nutrients to the microbes\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by", "choices": {"text": ["producing chemicals that destroy the microbes", "dissolving wastes from the microbes", "creating recessive genes in the microbes", "supplying oxygen and nutrients to the microbes"], "label": ["M", "S", "A", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by\nM. producing chemicals that destroy the microbes\nS. dissolving wastes from the microbes\nA. creating recessive genes in the microbes\nR. supplying oxygen and nutrients to the microbes\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by", "choices": {"text": ["creating recessive genes in the microbes", "dissolving wastes from the microbes", "producing chemicals that destroy the microbes", "supplying oxygen and nutrients to the microbes"], "label": ["M", "S", "A", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Specialized cells protect the human body from disease-causing microbes by\nM. creating recessive genes in the microbes\nS. dissolving wastes from the microbes\nA. producing chemicals that destroy the microbes\nR. supplying oxygen and nutrients to the microbes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2692}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7269063", "question": "The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial plants from the gas-giant planets. What elements make up most of the core of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?", "choices": {"text": ["iron and nickel", "carbon and oxygen", "nitrogen and sulfur", "hydrogen and helium"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial plants from the gas-giant planets. What elements make up most of the core of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?\nA. iron and nickel\nB. carbon and oxygen\nC. nitrogen and sulfur\nD. hydrogen and helium\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial plants from the gas-giant planets. What elements make up most of the core of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?", "choices": {"text": ["iron and nickel", "hydrogen and helium", "nitrogen and sulfur", "carbon and oxygen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial plants from the gas-giant planets. What elements make up most of the core of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?\nA. iron and nickel\nB. hydrogen and helium\nC. nitrogen and sulfur\nD. carbon and oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial plants from the gas-giant planets. What elements make up most of the core of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?", "choices": {"text": ["iron and nickel", "carbon and oxygen", "nitrogen and sulfur", "hydrogen and helium"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial plants from the gas-giant planets. What elements make up most of the core of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?\n1. iron and nickel\n2. carbon and oxygen\n3. nitrogen and sulfur\n4. hydrogen and helium\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial plants from the gas-giant planets. What elements make up most of the core of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?", "choices": {"text": ["iron and nickel", "carbon and oxygen", "nitrogen and sulfur", "hydrogen and helium"], "label": ["W", "Z", "D", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial plants from the gas-giant planets. What elements make up most of the core of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?\nW. iron and nickel\nZ. carbon and oxygen\nD. nitrogen and sulfur\nM. hydrogen and helium\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial plants from the gas-giant planets. What elements make up most of the core of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?", "choices": {"text": ["iron and nickel", "hydrogen and helium", "nitrogen and sulfur", "carbon and oxygen"], "label": ["W", "Z", "D", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: The frost line of the solar system divides the terrestrial plants from the gas-giant planets. What elements make up most of the core of the planets orbiting outside of the frost line?\nW. iron and nickel\nZ. hydrogen and helium\nD. nitrogen and sulfur\nM. carbon and oxygen\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2693}
{"arc_id": "MEA_2010_8_14-v1", "question": "How do warm ocean currents move to cooler ocean regions of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["by conduction", "by convection", "by evaporation", "by radiation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do warm ocean currents move to cooler ocean regions of Earth?\nA. by conduction\nB. by convection\nC. by evaporation\nD. by radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How do warm ocean currents move to cooler ocean regions of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["by evaporation", "by radiation", "by conduction", "by convection"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do warm ocean currents move to cooler ocean regions of Earth?\nA. by evaporation\nB. by radiation\nC. by conduction\nD. by convection\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How do warm ocean currents move to cooler ocean regions of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["by conduction", "by convection", "by evaporation", "by radiation"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do warm ocean currents move to cooler ocean regions of Earth?\n1. by conduction\n2. by convection\n3. by evaporation\n4. by radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do warm ocean currents move to cooler ocean regions of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["by conduction", "by convection", "by evaporation", "by radiation"], "label": ["M", "F", "S", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do warm ocean currents move to cooler ocean regions of Earth?\nM. by conduction\nF. by convection\nS. by evaporation\nO. by radiation\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How do warm ocean currents move to cooler ocean regions of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["by evaporation", "by radiation", "by conduction", "by convection"], "label": ["M", "F", "S", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: How do warm ocean currents move to cooler ocean regions of Earth?\nM. by evaporation\nF. by radiation\nS. by conduction\nO. by convection\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2694}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_5_26", "question": "In order to build a wooden table, which of the following is the best thing to do first?", "choices": {"text": ["Stain the wood.", "Measure the boards.", "Saw the wood for the table.", "Make a drawing of the table."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to build a wooden table, which of the following is the best thing to do first?\nA. Stain the wood.\nB. Measure the boards.\nC. Saw the wood for the table.\nD. Make a drawing of the table.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to build a wooden table, which of the following is the best thing to do first?", "choices": {"text": ["Measure the boards.", "Stain the wood.", "Make a drawing of the table.", "Saw the wood for the table."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to build a wooden table, which of the following is the best thing to do first?\nA. Measure the boards.\nB. Stain the wood.\nC. Make a drawing of the table.\nD. Saw the wood for the table.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to build a wooden table, which of the following is the best thing to do first?", "choices": {"text": ["Stain the wood.", "Measure the boards.", "Saw the wood for the table.", "Make a drawing of the table."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to build a wooden table, which of the following is the best thing to do first?\n1. Stain the wood.\n2. Measure the boards.\n3. Saw the wood for the table.\n4. Make a drawing of the table.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to build a wooden table, which of the following is the best thing to do first?", "choices": {"text": ["Stain the wood.", "Measure the boards.", "Saw the wood for the table.", "Make a drawing of the table."], "label": ["G", "W", "E", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to build a wooden table, which of the following is the best thing to do first?\nG. Stain the wood.\nW. Measure the boards.\nE. Saw the wood for the table.\nP. Make a drawing of the table.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In order to build a wooden table, which of the following is the best thing to do first?", "choices": {"text": ["Measure the boards.", "Stain the wood.", "Make a drawing of the table.", "Saw the wood for the table."], "label": ["G", "W", "E", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: In order to build a wooden table, which of the following is the best thing to do first?\nG. Measure the boards.\nW. Stain the wood.\nE. Make a drawing of the table.\nP. Saw the wood for the table.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2695}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401256", "question": "Which object most likely has magnetic properties?", "choices": {"text": ["iron nail", "plastic clip", "rubber eraser", "wooden spoon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object most likely has magnetic properties?\nA. iron nail\nB. plastic clip\nC. rubber eraser\nD. wooden spoon\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object most likely has magnetic properties?", "choices": {"text": ["plastic clip", "iron nail", "rubber eraser", "wooden spoon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object most likely has magnetic properties?\nA. plastic clip\nB. iron nail\nC. rubber eraser\nD. wooden spoon\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object most likely has magnetic properties?", "choices": {"text": ["iron nail", "plastic clip", "rubber eraser", "wooden spoon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object most likely has magnetic properties?\n1. iron nail\n2. plastic clip\n3. rubber eraser\n4. wooden spoon\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object most likely has magnetic properties?", "choices": {"text": ["iron nail", "plastic clip", "rubber eraser", "wooden spoon"], "label": ["J", "D", "L", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object most likely has magnetic properties?\nJ. iron nail\nD. plastic clip\nL. rubber eraser\nG. wooden spoon\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object most likely has magnetic properties?", "choices": {"text": ["plastic clip", "iron nail", "rubber eraser", "wooden spoon"], "label": ["J", "D", "L", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object most likely has magnetic properties?\nJ. plastic clip\nD. iron nail\nL. rubber eraser\nG. wooden spoon\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2696}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7180968", "question": "A student is conducting an investigation on static electricity. The student has three balloons and rubs two of them on a piece of wool. The student then touches each balloon to a wall to observe if static electricity would cause the balloon to stick. What is the independent variable in this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["the height of the wall", "the number of balloons", "the attraction to the wall", "the rubbing action on the wool"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is conducting an investigation on static electricity. The student has three balloons and rubs two of them on a piece of wool. The student then touches each balloon to a wall to observe if static electricity would cause the balloon to stick. What is the independent variable in this investigation?\nA. the height of the wall\nB. the number of balloons\nC. the attraction to the wall\nD. the rubbing action on the wool\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is conducting an investigation on static electricity. The student has three balloons and rubs two of them on a piece of wool. The student then touches each balloon to a wall to observe if static electricity would cause the balloon to stick. What is the independent variable in this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["the number of balloons", "the rubbing action on the wool", "the attraction to the wall", "the height of the wall"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is conducting an investigation on static electricity. The student has three balloons and rubs two of them on a piece of wool. The student then touches each balloon to a wall to observe if static electricity would cause the balloon to stick. What is the independent variable in this investigation?\nA. the number of balloons\nB. the rubbing action on the wool\nC. the attraction to the wall\nD. the height of the wall\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is conducting an investigation on static electricity. The student has three balloons and rubs two of them on a piece of wool. The student then touches each balloon to a wall to observe if static electricity would cause the balloon to stick. What is the independent variable in this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["the height of the wall", "the number of balloons", "the attraction to the wall", "the rubbing action on the wool"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is conducting an investigation on static electricity. The student has three balloons and rubs two of them on a piece of wool. The student then touches each balloon to a wall to observe if static electricity would cause the balloon to stick. What is the independent variable in this investigation?\n1. the height of the wall\n2. the number of balloons\n3. the attraction to the wall\n4. the rubbing action on the wool\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is conducting an investigation on static electricity. The student has three balloons and rubs two of them on a piece of wool. The student then touches each balloon to a wall to observe if static electricity would cause the balloon to stick. What is the independent variable in this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["the height of the wall", "the number of balloons", "the attraction to the wall", "the rubbing action on the wool"], "label": ["K", "H", "V", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is conducting an investigation on static electricity. The student has three balloons and rubs two of them on a piece of wool. The student then touches each balloon to a wall to observe if static electricity would cause the balloon to stick. What is the independent variable in this investigation?\nK. the height of the wall\nH. the number of balloons\nV. the attraction to the wall\nM. the rubbing action on the wool\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is conducting an investigation on static electricity. The student has three balloons and rubs two of them on a piece of wool. The student then touches each balloon to a wall to observe if static electricity would cause the balloon to stick. What is the independent variable in this investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["the number of balloons", "the rubbing action on the wool", "the attraction to the wall", "the height of the wall"], "label": ["K", "H", "V", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is conducting an investigation on static electricity. The student has three balloons and rubs two of them on a piece of wool. The student then touches each balloon to a wall to observe if static electricity would cause the balloon to stick. What is the independent variable in this investigation?\nK. the number of balloons\nH. the rubbing action on the wool\nV. the attraction to the wall\nM. the height of the wall\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2697}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7083948", "question": "The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their", "choices": {"text": ["abundance in nature.", "number of protons.", "number of isotopes.", "atomic mass."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their\nA. abundance in nature.\nB. number of protons.\nC. number of isotopes.\nD. atomic mass.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their", "choices": {"text": ["number of isotopes.", "abundance in nature.", "number of protons.", "atomic mass."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their\nA. number of isotopes.\nB. abundance in nature.\nC. number of protons.\nD. atomic mass.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their", "choices": {"text": ["abundance in nature.", "number of protons.", "number of isotopes.", "atomic mass."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their\n1. abundance in nature.\n2. number of protons.\n3. number of isotopes.\n4. atomic mass.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their", "choices": {"text": ["abundance in nature.", "number of protons.", "number of isotopes.", "atomic mass."], "label": ["Q", "Y", "I", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their\nQ. abundance in nature.\nY. number of protons.\nI. number of isotopes.\nA. atomic mass.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their", "choices": {"text": ["number of isotopes.", "abundance in nature.", "number of protons.", "atomic mass."], "label": ["Q", "Y", "I", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: The order of the elements in the periodic table is determined by their\nQ. number of isotopes.\nY. abundance in nature.\nI. number of protons.\nA. atomic mass.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2698}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401622", "question": "An increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to cause global warming, is due to a change in which occurrence?", "choices": {"text": ["water cycle", "ocean tides", "carbon cycle", "weather patterns"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to cause global warming, is due to a change in which occurrence?\nA. water cycle\nB. ocean tides\nC. carbon cycle\nD. weather patterns\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to cause global warming, is due to a change in which occurrence?", "choices": {"text": ["ocean tides", "carbon cycle", "water cycle", "weather patterns"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to cause global warming, is due to a change in which occurrence?\nA. ocean tides\nB. carbon cycle\nC. water cycle\nD. weather patterns\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to cause global warming, is due to a change in which occurrence?", "choices": {"text": ["water cycle", "ocean tides", "carbon cycle", "weather patterns"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to cause global warming, is due to a change in which occurrence?\n1. water cycle\n2. ocean tides\n3. carbon cycle\n4. weather patterns\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to cause global warming, is due to a change in which occurrence?", "choices": {"text": ["water cycle", "ocean tides", "carbon cycle", "weather patterns"], "label": ["I", "A", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to cause global warming, is due to a change in which occurrence?\nI. water cycle\nA. ocean tides\nO. carbon cycle\nJ. weather patterns\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to cause global warming, is due to a change in which occurrence?", "choices": {"text": ["ocean tides", "carbon cycle", "water cycle", "weather patterns"], "label": ["I", "A", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: An increase in greenhouse gases, which are believed to cause global warming, is due to a change in which occurrence?\nI. ocean tides\nA. carbon cycle\nO. water cycle\nJ. weather patterns\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2699}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_188773", "question": "A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?", "choices": {"text": ["a black cloth", "a piece of aluminum", "a sheet of paper", "a glass prism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?\nA. a black cloth\nB. a piece of aluminum\nC. a sheet of paper\nD. a glass prism\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?", "choices": {"text": ["a piece of aluminum", "a glass prism", "a sheet of paper", "a black cloth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?\nA. a piece of aluminum\nB. a glass prism\nC. a sheet of paper\nD. a black cloth\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?", "choices": {"text": ["a black cloth", "a piece of aluminum", "a sheet of paper", "a glass prism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?\n1. a black cloth\n2. a piece of aluminum\n3. a sheet of paper\n4. a glass prism\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?", "choices": {"text": ["a black cloth", "a piece of aluminum", "a sheet of paper", "a glass prism"], "label": ["T", "Y", "G", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?\nT. a black cloth\nY. a piece of aluminum\nG. a sheet of paper\nB. a glass prism\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?", "choices": {"text": ["a piece of aluminum", "a glass prism", "a sheet of paper", "a black cloth"], "label": ["T", "Y", "G", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?\nT. a piece of aluminum\nY. a glass prism\nG. a sheet of paper\nB. a black cloth\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2700}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7233363", "question": "Scientists track an icy object with an orbit that ranges from the Kuiper Belt to a path between Earth and the Sun. How would this object best be classified?", "choices": {"text": ["an asteroid", "a comet", "a meteor", "a star"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists track an icy object with an orbit that ranges from the Kuiper Belt to a path between Earth and the Sun. How would this object best be classified?\nA. an asteroid\nB. a comet\nC. a meteor\nD. a star\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists track an icy object with an orbit that ranges from the Kuiper Belt to a path between Earth and the Sun. How would this object best be classified?", "choices": {"text": ["a comet", "an asteroid", "a star", "a meteor"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists track an icy object with an orbit that ranges from the Kuiper Belt to a path between Earth and the Sun. How would this object best be classified?\nA. a comet\nB. an asteroid\nC. a star\nD. a meteor\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists track an icy object with an orbit that ranges from the Kuiper Belt to a path between Earth and the Sun. How would this object best be classified?", "choices": {"text": ["an asteroid", "a comet", "a meteor", "a star"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists track an icy object with an orbit that ranges from the Kuiper Belt to a path between Earth and the Sun. How would this object best be classified?\n1. an asteroid\n2. a comet\n3. a meteor\n4. a star\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists track an icy object with an orbit that ranges from the Kuiper Belt to a path between Earth and the Sun. How would this object best be classified?", "choices": {"text": ["an asteroid", "a comet", "a meteor", "a star"], "label": ["S", "K", "E", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists track an icy object with an orbit that ranges from the Kuiper Belt to a path between Earth and the Sun. How would this object best be classified?\nS. an asteroid\nK. a comet\nE. a meteor\nR. a star\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists track an icy object with an orbit that ranges from the Kuiper Belt to a path between Earth and the Sun. How would this object best be classified?", "choices": {"text": ["a comet", "an asteroid", "a star", "a meteor"], "label": ["S", "K", "E", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists track an icy object with an orbit that ranges from the Kuiper Belt to a path between Earth and the Sun. How would this object best be classified?\nS. a comet\nK. an asteroid\nE. a star\nR. a meteor\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2701}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2009_8_18", "question": "A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?", "choices": {"text": ["color of the liquid", "mass of the liquid", "volume of the liquid", "boiling point of the liquid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?\nA. color of the liquid\nB. mass of the liquid\nC. volume of the liquid\nD. boiling point of the liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?", "choices": {"text": ["mass of the liquid", "boiling point of the liquid", "color of the liquid", "volume of the liquid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?\nA. mass of the liquid\nB. boiling point of the liquid\nC. color of the liquid\nD. volume of the liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?", "choices": {"text": ["color of the liquid", "mass of the liquid", "volume of the liquid", "boiling point of the liquid"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?\n1. color of the liquid\n2. mass of the liquid\n3. volume of the liquid\n4. boiling point of the liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?", "choices": {"text": ["color of the liquid", "mass of the liquid", "volume of the liquid", "boiling point of the liquid"], "label": ["E", "H", "B", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?\nE. color of the liquid\nH. mass of the liquid\nB. volume of the liquid\nK. boiling point of the liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?", "choices": {"text": ["mass of the liquid", "boiling point of the liquid", "color of the liquid", "volume of the liquid"], "label": ["E", "H", "B", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student is given a sample of an unknown liquid to test in the laboratory. The student thinks that the liquid is water. Which of the following physical properties of the sample is most helpful to determine if the liquid is water?\nE. mass of the liquid\nH. boiling point of the liquid\nB. color of the liquid\nK. volume of the liquid\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2702}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7212013", "question": "After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?", "choices": {"text": ["decreased rates of deforestation", "decreased atmospheric temperatures", "increased amounts of radioactive waste", "increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?\nA. decreased rates of deforestation\nB. decreased atmospheric temperatures\nC. increased amounts of radioactive waste\nD. increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?", "choices": {"text": ["increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions", "decreased atmospheric temperatures", "decreased rates of deforestation", "increased amounts of radioactive waste"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?\nA. increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions\nB. decreased atmospheric temperatures\nC. decreased rates of deforestation\nD. increased amounts of radioactive waste\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?", "choices": {"text": ["decreased rates of deforestation", "decreased atmospheric temperatures", "increased amounts of radioactive waste", "increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?\n1. decreased rates of deforestation\n2. decreased atmospheric temperatures\n3. increased amounts of radioactive waste\n4. increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?", "choices": {"text": ["decreased rates of deforestation", "decreased atmospheric temperatures", "increased amounts of radioactive waste", "increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions"], "label": ["K", "J", "T", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?\nK. decreased rates of deforestation\nJ. decreased atmospheric temperatures\nT. increased amounts of radioactive waste\nD. increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?", "choices": {"text": ["increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions", "decreased atmospheric temperatures", "decreased rates of deforestation", "increased amounts of radioactive waste"], "label": ["K", "J", "T", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After a period of steady increase, the rate of coal consumption was 50% higher during 2009 than it was during the year 2000. If this trend continues, which impact will coal consumption most likely have on the environment after the year 2010?\nK. increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions\nJ. decreased atmospheric temperatures\nT. decreased rates of deforestation\nD. increased amounts of radioactive waste\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2703}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10689", "question": "Which invention uses natural magnetism?", "choices": {"text": ["satellite", "telescope", "compass", "binoculars"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which invention uses natural magnetism?\nA. satellite\nB. telescope\nC. compass\nD. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which invention uses natural magnetism?", "choices": {"text": ["binoculars", "compass", "satellite", "telescope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which invention uses natural magnetism?\nA. binoculars\nB. compass\nC. satellite\nD. telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which invention uses natural magnetism?", "choices": {"text": ["satellite", "telescope", "compass", "binoculars"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which invention uses natural magnetism?\n1. satellite\n2. telescope\n3. compass\n4. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which invention uses natural magnetism?", "choices": {"text": ["satellite", "telescope", "compass", "binoculars"], "label": ["G", "V", "M", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which invention uses natural magnetism?\nG. satellite\nV. telescope\nM. compass\nN. binoculars\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which invention uses natural magnetism?", "choices": {"text": ["binoculars", "compass", "satellite", "telescope"], "label": ["G", "V", "M", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which invention uses natural magnetism?\nG. binoculars\nV. compass\nM. satellite\nN. telescope\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2704}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_9_6", "question": "Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?", "choices": {"text": ["380 lbs.", "475 lbs.", "625 lbs.", "950 lbs."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?\nA. 380 lbs.\nB. 475 lbs.\nC. 625 lbs.\nD. 950 lbs.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?", "choices": {"text": ["625 lbs.", "950 lbs.", "380 lbs.", "475 lbs."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?\nA. 625 lbs.\nB. 950 lbs.\nC. 380 lbs.\nD. 475 lbs.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?", "choices": {"text": ["380 lbs.", "475 lbs.", "625 lbs.", "950 lbs."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?\n1. 380 lbs.\n2. 475 lbs.\n3. 625 lbs.\n4. 950 lbs.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?", "choices": {"text": ["380 lbs.", "475 lbs.", "625 lbs.", "950 lbs."], "label": ["C", "D", "E", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?\nC. 380 lbs.\nD. 475 lbs.\nE. 625 lbs.\nB. 950 lbs.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?", "choices": {"text": ["625 lbs.", "950 lbs.", "380 lbs.", "475 lbs."], "label": ["C", "D", "E", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?\nC. 625 lbs.\nD. 950 lbs.\nE. 380 lbs.\nB. 475 lbs.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2705}
{"arc_id": "AKDE&ED_2012_8_53", "question": "Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation and infiltration", "evaporation and transpiration", "precipitation and infiltration", "precipitation and transpiration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?\nA. evaporation and infiltration\nB. evaporation and transpiration\nC. precipitation and infiltration\nD. precipitation and transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation and transpiration", "precipitation and infiltration", "evaporation and infiltration", "evaporation and transpiration"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?\nA. precipitation and transpiration\nB. precipitation and infiltration\nC. evaporation and infiltration\nD. evaporation and transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation and infiltration", "evaporation and transpiration", "precipitation and infiltration", "precipitation and transpiration"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?\n1. evaporation and infiltration\n2. evaporation and transpiration\n3. precipitation and infiltration\n4. precipitation and transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?", "choices": {"text": ["evaporation and infiltration", "evaporation and transpiration", "precipitation and infiltration", "precipitation and transpiration"], "label": ["Y", "I", "Z", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?\nY. evaporation and infiltration\nI. evaporation and transpiration\nZ. precipitation and infiltration\nC. precipitation and transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?", "choices": {"text": ["precipitation and transpiration", "precipitation and infiltration", "evaporation and infiltration", "evaporation and transpiration"], "label": ["Y", "I", "Z", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some sinkholes and caves are created when water dissolves certain rocks and minerals below ground. Which two parts of the water cycle are most directly responsible for the formation of sinkholes and caves?\nY. precipitation and transpiration\nI. precipitation and infiltration\nZ. evaporation and infiltration\nC. evaporation and transpiration\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2706}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7032550", "question": "A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through", "choices": {"text": ["solids only.", "liquids only.", "gas, liquids, and solids.", "gas and a vacuum only."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through\nA. solids only.\nB. liquids only.\nC. gas, liquids, and solids.\nD. gas and a vacuum only.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through", "choices": {"text": ["solids only.", "gas, liquids, and solids.", "gas and a vacuum only.", "liquids only."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through\nA. solids only.\nB. gas, liquids, and solids.\nC. gas and a vacuum only.\nD. liquids only.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through", "choices": {"text": ["solids only.", "liquids only.", "gas, liquids, and solids.", "gas and a vacuum only."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through\n1. solids only.\n2. liquids only.\n3. gas, liquids, and solids.\n4. gas and a vacuum only.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through", "choices": {"text": ["solids only.", "liquids only.", "gas, liquids, and solids.", "gas and a vacuum only."], "label": ["Y", "P", "V", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through\nY. solids only.\nP. liquids only.\nV. gas, liquids, and solids.\nE. gas and a vacuum only.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through", "choices": {"text": ["solids only.", "gas, liquids, and solids.", "gas and a vacuum only.", "liquids only."], "label": ["Y", "P", "V", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through\nY. solids only.\nP. gas, liquids, and solids.\nV. gas and a vacuum only.\nE. liquids only.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2707}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7172673", "question": "A student removed a wool hat from her head. Her hair stood up from static electricity. What did her hat do to cause this?", "choices": {"text": ["gave her hair a neutral charge", "removed protons from her hair", "gave her hair a negative charge", "removed electrons from her hair"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student removed a wool hat from her head. Her hair stood up from static electricity. What did her hat do to cause this?\nA. gave her hair a neutral charge\nB. removed protons from her hair\nC. gave her hair a negative charge\nD. removed electrons from her hair\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student removed a wool hat from her head. Her hair stood up from static electricity. What did her hat do to cause this?", "choices": {"text": ["gave her hair a neutral charge", "removed electrons from her hair", "removed protons from her hair", "gave her hair a negative charge"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student removed a wool hat from her head. Her hair stood up from static electricity. What did her hat do to cause this?\nA. gave her hair a neutral charge\nB. removed electrons from her hair\nC. removed protons from her hair\nD. gave her hair a negative charge\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student removed a wool hat from her head. Her hair stood up from static electricity. What did her hat do to cause this?", "choices": {"text": ["gave her hair a neutral charge", "removed protons from her hair", "gave her hair a negative charge", "removed electrons from her hair"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student removed a wool hat from her head. Her hair stood up from static electricity. What did her hat do to cause this?\n1. gave her hair a neutral charge\n2. removed protons from her hair\n3. gave her hair a negative charge\n4. removed electrons from her hair\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student removed a wool hat from her head. Her hair stood up from static electricity. What did her hat do to cause this?", "choices": {"text": ["gave her hair a neutral charge", "removed protons from her hair", "gave her hair a negative charge", "removed electrons from her hair"], "label": ["X", "L", "P", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student removed a wool hat from her head. Her hair stood up from static electricity. What did her hat do to cause this?\nX. gave her hair a neutral charge\nL. removed protons from her hair\nP. gave her hair a negative charge\nM. removed electrons from her hair\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student removed a wool hat from her head. Her hair stood up from static electricity. What did her hat do to cause this?", "choices": {"text": ["gave her hair a neutral charge", "removed electrons from her hair", "removed protons from her hair", "gave her hair a negative charge"], "label": ["X", "L", "P", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student removed a wool hat from her head. Her hair stood up from static electricity. What did her hat do to cause this?\nX. gave her hair a neutral charge\nL. removed electrons from her hair\nP. removed protons from her hair\nM. gave her hair a negative charge\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2708}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7016783", "question": "Which process below is an example of an endothermic process?", "choices": {"text": ["ice melting", "water freezing", "food digesting", "sugar burning"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process below is an example of an endothermic process?\nA. ice melting\nB. water freezing\nC. food digesting\nD. sugar burning\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process below is an example of an endothermic process?", "choices": {"text": ["food digesting", "water freezing", "sugar burning", "ice melting"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process below is an example of an endothermic process?\nA. food digesting\nB. water freezing\nC. sugar burning\nD. ice melting\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process below is an example of an endothermic process?", "choices": {"text": ["ice melting", "water freezing", "food digesting", "sugar burning"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process below is an example of an endothermic process?\n1. ice melting\n2. water freezing\n3. food digesting\n4. sugar burning\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process below is an example of an endothermic process?", "choices": {"text": ["ice melting", "water freezing", "food digesting", "sugar burning"], "label": ["F", "L", "U", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process below is an example of an endothermic process?\nF. ice melting\nL. water freezing\nU. food digesting\nW. sugar burning\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process below is an example of an endothermic process?", "choices": {"text": ["food digesting", "water freezing", "sugar burning", "ice melting"], "label": ["F", "L", "U", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process below is an example of an endothermic process?\nF. food digesting\nL. water freezing\nU. sugar burning\nW. ice melting\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2709}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_409399", "question": "A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion Na+, what must occur to the sodium atom?", "choices": {"text": ["It must gain one electron.", "It must lose one electron.", "It must gain one proton.", "It must lose one proton."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion Na+, what must occur to the sodium atom?\nA. It must gain one electron.\nB. It must lose one electron.\nC. It must gain one proton.\nD. It must lose one proton.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion Na+, what must occur to the sodium atom?", "choices": {"text": ["It must gain one electron.", "It must gain one proton.", "It must lose one electron.", "It must lose one proton."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion Na+, what must occur to the sodium atom?\nA. It must gain one electron.\nB. It must gain one proton.\nC. It must lose one electron.\nD. It must lose one proton.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion Na+, what must occur to the sodium atom?", "choices": {"text": ["It must gain one electron.", "It must lose one electron.", "It must gain one proton.", "It must lose one proton."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion Na+, what must occur to the sodium atom?\n1. It must gain one electron.\n2. It must lose one electron.\n3. It must gain one proton.\n4. It must lose one proton.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion Na+, what must occur to the sodium atom?", "choices": {"text": ["It must gain one electron.", "It must lose one electron.", "It must gain one proton.", "It must lose one proton."], "label": ["Q", "X", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion Na+, what must occur to the sodium atom?\nQ. It must gain one electron.\nX. It must lose one electron.\nO. It must gain one proton.\nJ. It must lose one proton.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion Na+, what must occur to the sodium atom?", "choices": {"text": ["It must gain one electron.", "It must gain one proton.", "It must lose one electron.", "It must lose one proton."], "label": ["Q", "X", "O", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sodium (Na) atom contains 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. In order to make the sodium ion Na+, what must occur to the sodium atom?\nQ. It must gain one electron.\nX. It must gain one proton.\nO. It must lose one electron.\nJ. It must lose one proton.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2710}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7207253", "question": "Which of these statements best describes the rock cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["Layers of rock are broken by faults.", "Rocks in the ocean become rocks on land.", "Lunar rocks change into terrestrial rocks.", "New rocks form from older rocks."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these statements best describes the rock cycle?\nA. Layers of rock are broken by faults.\nB. Rocks in the ocean become rocks on land.\nC. Lunar rocks change into terrestrial rocks.\nD. New rocks form from older rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these statements best describes the rock cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["Lunar rocks change into terrestrial rocks.", "New rocks form from older rocks.", "Layers of rock are broken by faults.", "Rocks in the ocean become rocks on land."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these statements best describes the rock cycle?\nA. Lunar rocks change into terrestrial rocks.\nB. New rocks form from older rocks.\nC. Layers of rock are broken by faults.\nD. Rocks in the ocean become rocks on land.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these statements best describes the rock cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["Layers of rock are broken by faults.", "Rocks in the ocean become rocks on land.", "Lunar rocks change into terrestrial rocks.", "New rocks form from older rocks."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these statements best describes the rock cycle?\n1. Layers of rock are broken by faults.\n2. Rocks in the ocean become rocks on land.\n3. Lunar rocks change into terrestrial rocks.\n4. New rocks form from older rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these statements best describes the rock cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["Layers of rock are broken by faults.", "Rocks in the ocean become rocks on land.", "Lunar rocks change into terrestrial rocks.", "New rocks form from older rocks."], "label": ["J", "R", "I", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these statements best describes the rock cycle?\nJ. Layers of rock are broken by faults.\nR. Rocks in the ocean become rocks on land.\nI. Lunar rocks change into terrestrial rocks.\nZ. New rocks form from older rocks.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these statements best describes the rock cycle?", "choices": {"text": ["Lunar rocks change into terrestrial rocks.", "New rocks form from older rocks.", "Layers of rock are broken by faults.", "Rocks in the ocean become rocks on land."], "label": ["J", "R", "I", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these statements best describes the rock cycle?\nJ. Lunar rocks change into terrestrial rocks.\nR. New rocks form from older rocks.\nI. Layers of rock are broken by faults.\nZ. Rocks in the ocean become rocks on land.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2711}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7227990", "question": "The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in cancer?", "choices": {"text": ["protein synthesis", "RNA transcription", "RNA translation", "DNA replication"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in cancer?\nA. protein synthesis\nB. RNA transcription\nC. RNA translation\nD. DNA replication\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in cancer?", "choices": {"text": ["RNA transcription", "protein synthesis", "DNA replication", "RNA translation"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in cancer?\nA. RNA transcription\nB. protein synthesis\nC. DNA replication\nD. RNA translation\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in cancer?", "choices": {"text": ["protein synthesis", "RNA transcription", "RNA translation", "DNA replication"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in cancer?\n1. protein synthesis\n2. RNA transcription\n3. RNA translation\n4. DNA replication\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in cancer?", "choices": {"text": ["protein synthesis", "RNA transcription", "RNA translation", "DNA replication"], "label": ["S", "H", "K", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in cancer?\nS. protein synthesis\nH. RNA transcription\nK. RNA translation\nR. DNA replication\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in cancer?", "choices": {"text": ["RNA transcription", "protein synthesis", "DNA replication", "RNA translation"], "label": ["S", "H", "K", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: The disruption of which cell function leads to gene mutations that result in cancer?\nS. RNA transcription\nH. protein synthesis\nK. DNA replication\nR. RNA translation\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2712}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402253", "question": "In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce", "choices": {"text": ["sugar.", "water.", "energy.", "carbon dioxide."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce\nA. sugar.\nB. water.\nC. energy.\nD. carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce", "choices": {"text": ["water.", "sugar.", "carbon dioxide.", "energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce\nA. water.\nB. sugar.\nC. carbon dioxide.\nD. energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce", "choices": {"text": ["sugar.", "water.", "energy.", "carbon dioxide."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce\n1. sugar.\n2. water.\n3. energy.\n4. carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce", "choices": {"text": ["sugar.", "water.", "energy.", "carbon dioxide."], "label": ["P", "Y", "H", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce\nP. sugar.\nY. water.\nH. energy.\nC. carbon dioxide.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce", "choices": {"text": ["water.", "sugar.", "carbon dioxide.", "energy."], "label": ["P", "Y", "H", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: In photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll to produce\nP. water.\nY. sugar.\nH. carbon dioxide.\nC. energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2713}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400194", "question": "One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon", "choices": {"text": ["has a thick atmosphere.", "revolves around a planet.", "has liquid water on the surface.", "is composed entirely of sedimentary rock."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon\nA. has a thick atmosphere.\nB. revolves around a planet.\nC. has liquid water on the surface.\nD. is composed entirely of sedimentary rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon", "choices": {"text": ["is composed entirely of sedimentary rock.", "has a thick atmosphere.", "revolves around a planet.", "has liquid water on the surface."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon\nA. is composed entirely of sedimentary rock.\nB. has a thick atmosphere.\nC. revolves around a planet.\nD. has liquid water on the surface.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon", "choices": {"text": ["has a thick atmosphere.", "revolves around a planet.", "has liquid water on the surface.", "is composed entirely of sedimentary rock."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon\n1. has a thick atmosphere.\n2. revolves around a planet.\n3. has liquid water on the surface.\n4. is composed entirely of sedimentary rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon", "choices": {"text": ["has a thick atmosphere.", "revolves around a planet.", "has liquid water on the surface.", "is composed entirely of sedimentary rock."], "label": ["O", "Q", "K", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon\nO. has a thick atmosphere.\nQ. revolves around a planet.\nK. has liquid water on the surface.\nX. is composed entirely of sedimentary rock.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon", "choices": {"text": ["is composed entirely of sedimentary rock.", "has a thick atmosphere.", "revolves around a planet.", "has liquid water on the surface."], "label": ["O", "Q", "K", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: One difference between the Moon and Earth is that the Moon\nO. is composed entirely of sedimentary rock.\nQ. has a thick atmosphere.\nK. revolves around a planet.\nX. has liquid water on the surface.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2714}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7032568", "question": "In an atom, the electrons can be found", "choices": {"text": ["orbiting the nucleus.", "inside the nucleus.", "bonded to the protons.", "bonded to the neutrons."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an atom, the electrons can be found\nA. orbiting the nucleus.\nB. inside the nucleus.\nC. bonded to the protons.\nD. bonded to the neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In an atom, the electrons can be found", "choices": {"text": ["bonded to the protons.", "inside the nucleus.", "bonded to the neutrons.", "orbiting the nucleus."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an atom, the electrons can be found\nA. bonded to the protons.\nB. inside the nucleus.\nC. bonded to the neutrons.\nD. orbiting the nucleus.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In an atom, the electrons can be found", "choices": {"text": ["orbiting the nucleus.", "inside the nucleus.", "bonded to the protons.", "bonded to the neutrons."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an atom, the electrons can be found\n1. orbiting the nucleus.\n2. inside the nucleus.\n3. bonded to the protons.\n4. bonded to the neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an atom, the electrons can be found", "choices": {"text": ["orbiting the nucleus.", "inside the nucleus.", "bonded to the protons.", "bonded to the neutrons."], "label": ["Q", "Z", "W", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an atom, the electrons can be found\nQ. orbiting the nucleus.\nZ. inside the nucleus.\nW. bonded to the protons.\nX. bonded to the neutrons.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In an atom, the electrons can be found", "choices": {"text": ["bonded to the protons.", "inside the nucleus.", "bonded to the neutrons.", "orbiting the nucleus."], "label": ["Q", "Z", "W", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: In an atom, the electrons can be found\nQ. bonded to the protons.\nZ. inside the nucleus.\nW. bonded to the neutrons.\nX. orbiting the nucleus.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2715}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10612", "question": "What event is most likely responsible for a rapid change at the surface of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["an earthquake", "a cold front", "a continental glacier", "a thunderstorm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What event is most likely responsible for a rapid change at the surface of Earth?\nA. an earthquake\nB. a cold front\nC. a continental glacier\nD. a thunderstorm\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What event is most likely responsible for a rapid change at the surface of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["a cold front", "an earthquake", "a continental glacier", "a thunderstorm"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What event is most likely responsible for a rapid change at the surface of Earth?\nA. a cold front\nB. an earthquake\nC. a continental glacier\nD. a thunderstorm\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What event is most likely responsible for a rapid change at the surface of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["an earthquake", "a cold front", "a continental glacier", "a thunderstorm"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What event is most likely responsible for a rapid change at the surface of Earth?\n1. an earthquake\n2. a cold front\n3. a continental glacier\n4. a thunderstorm\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What event is most likely responsible for a rapid change at the surface of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["an earthquake", "a cold front", "a continental glacier", "a thunderstorm"], "label": ["Z", "W", "A", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What event is most likely responsible for a rapid change at the surface of Earth?\nZ. an earthquake\nW. a cold front\nA. a continental glacier\nT. a thunderstorm\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What event is most likely responsible for a rapid change at the surface of Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["a cold front", "an earthquake", "a continental glacier", "a thunderstorm"], "label": ["Z", "W", "A", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: What event is most likely responsible for a rapid change at the surface of Earth?\nZ. a cold front\nW. an earthquake\nA. a continental glacier\nT. a thunderstorm\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2716}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7008330", "question": "Biotic nitrogen fixation is performed by certain", "choices": {"text": ["lichens.", "viruses.", "bacteria.", "mammals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biotic nitrogen fixation is performed by certain\nA. lichens.\nB. viruses.\nC. bacteria.\nD. mammals.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Biotic nitrogen fixation is performed by certain", "choices": {"text": ["mammals.", "bacteria.", "viruses.", "lichens."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biotic nitrogen fixation is performed by certain\nA. mammals.\nB. bacteria.\nC. viruses.\nD. lichens.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Biotic nitrogen fixation is performed by certain", "choices": {"text": ["lichens.", "viruses.", "bacteria.", "mammals."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biotic nitrogen fixation is performed by certain\n1. lichens.\n2. viruses.\n3. bacteria.\n4. mammals.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Biotic nitrogen fixation is performed by certain", "choices": {"text": ["lichens.", "viruses.", "bacteria.", "mammals."], "label": ["L", "V", "Z", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biotic nitrogen fixation is performed by certain\nL. lichens.\nV. viruses.\nZ. bacteria.\nR. mammals.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Biotic nitrogen fixation is performed by certain", "choices": {"text": ["mammals.", "bacteria.", "viruses.", "lichens."], "label": ["L", "V", "Z", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Biotic nitrogen fixation is performed by certain\nL. mammals.\nV. bacteria.\nZ. viruses.\nR. lichens.\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2717}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7108413", "question": "After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "electric current", "static electricity", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?\nA. gravity\nB. electric current\nC. static electricity\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "static electricity", "electric current", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?\nA. gravity\nB. static electricity\nC. electric current\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "electric current", "static electricity", "magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?\n1. gravity\n2. electric current\n3. static electricity\n4. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "electric current", "static electricity", "magnetism"], "label": ["T", "P", "B", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?\nT. gravity\nP. electric current\nB. static electricity\nW. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "static electricity", "electric current", "magnetism"], "label": ["T", "P", "B", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?\nT. gravity\nP. static electricity\nB. electric current\nW. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2718}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7176085", "question": "The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon is more similar in composition to Earth than the Sun.", "The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun.", "The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.", "The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?\nA. The Moon is more similar in composition to Earth than the Sun.\nB. The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun.\nC. The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.\nD. The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon is more similar in composition to Earth than the Sun.", "The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.", "The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun.", "The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?\nA. The Moon is more similar in composition to Earth than the Sun.\nB. The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.\nC. The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun.\nD. The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon is more similar in composition to Earth than the Sun.", "The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun.", "The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.", "The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?\n1. The Moon is more similar in composition to Earth than the Sun.\n2. The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun.\n3. The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.\n4. The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon is more similar in composition to Earth than the Sun.", "The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun.", "The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.", "The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun."], "label": ["Z", "N", "H", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?\nZ. The Moon is more similar in composition to Earth than the Sun.\nN. The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun.\nH. The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.\nP. The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?", "choices": {"text": ["The Moon is more similar in composition to Earth than the Sun.", "The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.", "The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun.", "The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun."], "label": ["Z", "N", "H", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The influence of the Moon on the tides on Earth is greater than that of the Sun. Which best explains this?\nZ. The Moon is more similar in composition to Earth than the Sun.\nN. The Moon has a higher density than the Sun.\nH. The Moon is closer to Earth than the Sun.\nP. The Moon has a smaller mass than Earth and the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2719}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7043593", "question": "If a student wants to measure the efficiency of an incandescent light bulb in a laboratory, which instrument would most likely be used to determine heat loss?", "choices": {"text": ["photocell", "barometer", "thermometer", "decibel meter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a student wants to measure the efficiency of an incandescent light bulb in a laboratory, which instrument would most likely be used to determine heat loss?\nA. photocell\nB. barometer\nC. thermometer\nD. decibel meter\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "If a student wants to measure the efficiency of an incandescent light bulb in a laboratory, which instrument would most likely be used to determine heat loss?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "thermometer", "photocell", "decibel meter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a student wants to measure the efficiency of an incandescent light bulb in a laboratory, which instrument would most likely be used to determine heat loss?\nA. barometer\nB. thermometer\nC. photocell\nD. decibel meter\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "If a student wants to measure the efficiency of an incandescent light bulb in a laboratory, which instrument would most likely be used to determine heat loss?", "choices": {"text": ["photocell", "barometer", "thermometer", "decibel meter"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a student wants to measure the efficiency of an incandescent light bulb in a laboratory, which instrument would most likely be used to determine heat loss?\n1. photocell\n2. barometer\n3. thermometer\n4. decibel meter\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If a student wants to measure the efficiency of an incandescent light bulb in a laboratory, which instrument would most likely be used to determine heat loss?", "choices": {"text": ["photocell", "barometer", "thermometer", "decibel meter"], "label": ["V", "J", "O", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a student wants to measure the efficiency of an incandescent light bulb in a laboratory, which instrument would most likely be used to determine heat loss?\nV. photocell\nJ. barometer\nO. thermometer\nR. decibel meter\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "If a student wants to measure the efficiency of an incandescent light bulb in a laboratory, which instrument would most likely be used to determine heat loss?", "choices": {"text": ["barometer", "thermometer", "photocell", "decibel meter"], "label": ["V", "J", "O", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: If a student wants to measure the efficiency of an incandescent light bulb in a laboratory, which instrument would most likely be used to determine heat loss?\nV. barometer\nJ. thermometer\nO. photocell\nR. decibel meter\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2720}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7033705", "question": "What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?", "choices": {"text": ["disease", "loss of habitat", "climate change", "humans as predators"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?\nA. disease\nB. loss of habitat\nC. climate change\nD. humans as predators\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?", "choices": {"text": ["humans as predators", "loss of habitat", "disease", "climate change"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?\nA. humans as predators\nB. loss of habitat\nC. disease\nD. climate change\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?", "choices": {"text": ["disease", "loss of habitat", "climate change", "humans as predators"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?\n1. disease\n2. loss of habitat\n3. climate change\n4. humans as predators\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?", "choices": {"text": ["disease", "loss of habitat", "climate change", "humans as predators"], "label": ["I", "P", "X", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?\nI. disease\nP. loss of habitat\nX. climate change\nB. humans as predators\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?", "choices": {"text": ["humans as predators", "loss of habitat", "disease", "climate change"], "label": ["I", "P", "X", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the most likely reason the giant sloth became extinct in North America and Cuba?\nI. humans as predators\nP. loss of habitat\nX. disease\nB. climate change\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2721}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7114083", "question": "When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are", "choices": {"text": ["older.", "cooler.", "lower density.", "larger diameter."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are\nA. older.\nB. cooler.\nC. lower density.\nD. larger diameter.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are", "choices": {"text": ["larger diameter.", "lower density.", "cooler.", "older."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are\nA. larger diameter.\nB. lower density.\nC. cooler.\nD. older.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are", "choices": {"text": ["older.", "cooler.", "lower density.", "larger diameter."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are\n1. older.\n2. cooler.\n3. lower density.\n4. larger diameter.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are", "choices": {"text": ["older.", "cooler.", "lower density.", "larger diameter."], "label": ["U", "O", "G", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are\nU. older.\nO. cooler.\nG. lower density.\nD. larger diameter.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are", "choices": {"text": ["larger diameter.", "lower density.", "cooler.", "older."], "label": ["U", "O", "G", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars are\nU. larger diameter.\nO. lower density.\nG. cooler.\nD. older.\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2722}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10785", "question": "What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy to light energy", "electrical energy to heat energy", "heat energy to chemical energy", "light energy to electrical energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?\nA. chemical energy to light energy\nB. electrical energy to heat energy\nC. heat energy to chemical energy\nD. light energy to electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?", "choices": {"text": ["light energy to electrical energy", "chemical energy to light energy", "electrical energy to heat energy", "heat energy to chemical energy"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?\nA. light energy to electrical energy\nB. chemical energy to light energy\nC. electrical energy to heat energy\nD. heat energy to chemical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy to light energy", "electrical energy to heat energy", "heat energy to chemical energy", "light energy to electrical energy"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?\n1. chemical energy to light energy\n2. electrical energy to heat energy\n3. heat energy to chemical energy\n4. light energy to electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical energy to light energy", "electrical energy to heat energy", "heat energy to chemical energy", "light energy to electrical energy"], "label": ["P", "N", "I", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?\nP. chemical energy to light energy\nN. electrical energy to heat energy\nI. heat energy to chemical energy\nF. light energy to electrical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?", "choices": {"text": ["light energy to electrical energy", "chemical energy to light energy", "electrical energy to heat energy", "heat energy to chemical energy"], "label": ["P", "N", "I", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: What energy change takes place when a piece of bread is toasted in a toaster?\nP. light energy to electrical energy\nN. chemical energy to light energy\nI. electrical energy to heat energy\nF. heat energy to chemical energy\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2723}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7114013", "question": "In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing soil erosion", "causing air pollution", "increasing seismic activity", "causing violent dust storms"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?\nA. increasing soil erosion\nB. causing air pollution\nC. increasing seismic activity\nD. causing violent dust storms\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing seismic activity", "causing violent dust storms", "causing air pollution", "increasing soil erosion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?\nA. increasing seismic activity\nB. causing violent dust storms\nC. causing air pollution\nD. increasing soil erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing soil erosion", "causing air pollution", "increasing seismic activity", "causing violent dust storms"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?\n1. increasing soil erosion\n2. causing air pollution\n3. increasing seismic activity\n4. causing violent dust storms\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing soil erosion", "causing air pollution", "increasing seismic activity", "causing violent dust storms"], "label": ["E", "F", "A", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?\nE. increasing soil erosion\nF. causing air pollution\nA. increasing seismic activity\nV. causing violent dust storms\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?", "choices": {"text": ["increasing seismic activity", "causing violent dust storms", "causing air pollution", "increasing soil erosion"], "label": ["E", "F", "A", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: In what way can forest fires affect the lithosphere?\nE. increasing seismic activity\nF. causing violent dust storms\nA. causing air pollution\nV. increasing soil erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2724}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_192903", "question": "Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that it absorbs?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "circulatory", "respiratory", "lymphatic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that it absorbs?\nA. digestive\nB. circulatory\nC. respiratory\nD. lymphatic\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that it absorbs?", "choices": {"text": ["respiratory", "digestive", "circulatory", "lymphatic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that it absorbs?\nA. respiratory\nB. digestive\nC. circulatory\nD. lymphatic\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that it absorbs?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "circulatory", "respiratory", "lymphatic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that it absorbs?\n1. digestive\n2. circulatory\n3. respiratory\n4. lymphatic\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that it absorbs?", "choices": {"text": ["digestive", "circulatory", "respiratory", "lymphatic"], "label": ["X", "H", "Z", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that it absorbs?\nX. digestive\nH. circulatory\nZ. respiratory\nG. lymphatic\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that it absorbs?", "choices": {"text": ["respiratory", "digestive", "circulatory", "lymphatic"], "label": ["X", "H", "Z", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which body system is responsible for breaking down food into molecules that it absorbs?\nX. respiratory\nH. digestive\nZ. circulatory\nG. lymphatic\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2725}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7082093", "question": "Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?", "choices": {"text": ["convex lens", "flat mirror", "opaque rod", "concave mirror"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?\nA. convex lens\nB. flat mirror\nC. opaque rod\nD. concave mirror\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?", "choices": {"text": ["concave mirror", "opaque rod", "convex lens", "flat mirror"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?\nA. concave mirror\nB. opaque rod\nC. convex lens\nD. flat mirror\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?", "choices": {"text": ["convex lens", "flat mirror", "opaque rod", "concave mirror"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?\n1. convex lens\n2. flat mirror\n3. opaque rod\n4. concave mirror\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?", "choices": {"text": ["convex lens", "flat mirror", "opaque rod", "concave mirror"], "label": ["G", "T", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?\nG. convex lens\nT. flat mirror\nW. opaque rod\nQ. concave mirror\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?", "choices": {"text": ["concave mirror", "opaque rod", "convex lens", "flat mirror"], "label": ["G", "T", "W", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?\nG. concave mirror\nT. opaque rod\nW. convex lens\nQ. flat mirror\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2726}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7004708", "question": "When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they", "choices": {"text": ["move through different materials.", "are pulled by the force of gravity.", "lose energy to surrounding rocks.", "reflect off of boundaries."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they\nA. move through different materials.\nB. are pulled by the force of gravity.\nC. lose energy to surrounding rocks.\nD. reflect off of boundaries.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they", "choices": {"text": ["reflect off of boundaries.", "lose energy to surrounding rocks.", "move through different materials.", "are pulled by the force of gravity."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they\nA. reflect off of boundaries.\nB. lose energy to surrounding rocks.\nC. move through different materials.\nD. are pulled by the force of gravity.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they", "choices": {"text": ["move through different materials.", "are pulled by the force of gravity.", "lose energy to surrounding rocks.", "reflect off of boundaries."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they\n1. move through different materials.\n2. are pulled by the force of gravity.\n3. lose energy to surrounding rocks.\n4. reflect off of boundaries.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they", "choices": {"text": ["move through different materials.", "are pulled by the force of gravity.", "lose energy to surrounding rocks.", "reflect off of boundaries."], "label": ["E", "P", "C", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they\nE. move through different materials.\nP. are pulled by the force of gravity.\nC. lose energy to surrounding rocks.\nB. reflect off of boundaries.\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they", "choices": {"text": ["reflect off of boundaries.", "lose energy to surrounding rocks.", "move through different materials.", "are pulled by the force of gravity."], "label": ["E", "P", "C", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they\nE. reflect off of boundaries.\nP. lose energy to surrounding rocks.\nC. move through different materials.\nB. are pulled by the force of gravity.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2727}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_LBS10783", "question": "What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "electric", "magnetic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?\nA. gravity\nB. friction\nC. electric\nD. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?", "choices": {"text": ["electric", "magnetic", "friction", "gravity"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?\nA. electric\nB. magnetic\nC. friction\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "electric", "magnetic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?\n1. gravity\n2. friction\n3. electric\n4. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "friction", "electric", "magnetic"], "label": ["Y", "U", "Q", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?\nY. gravity\nU. friction\nQ. electric\nD. magnetic\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?", "choices": {"text": ["electric", "magnetic", "friction", "gravity"], "label": ["Y", "U", "Q", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What force is needed to help stop a child from slipping on ice?\nY. electric\nU. magnetic\nQ. friction\nD. gravity\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2728}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7037433", "question": "Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of", "choices": {"text": ["starvation.", "extinction.", "forest fires.", "overpopulation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of\nA. starvation.\nB. extinction.\nC. forest fires.\nD. overpopulation.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of", "choices": {"text": ["extinction.", "overpopulation.", "starvation.", "forest fires."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of\nA. extinction.\nB. overpopulation.\nC. starvation.\nD. forest fires.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of", "choices": {"text": ["starvation.", "extinction.", "forest fires.", "overpopulation."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of\n1. starvation.\n2. extinction.\n3. forest fires.\n4. overpopulation.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of", "choices": {"text": ["starvation.", "extinction.", "forest fires.", "overpopulation."], "label": ["Y", "S", "N", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of\nY. starvation.\nS. extinction.\nN. forest fires.\nR. overpopulation.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of", "choices": {"text": ["extinction.", "overpopulation.", "starvation.", "forest fires."], "label": ["Y", "S", "N", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of\nY. extinction.\nS. overpopulation.\nN. starvation.\nR. forest fires.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2729}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400033", "question": "Solar energy is referred to as the energy of the future because", "choices": {"text": ["the atmosphere receives many kinds of rays from the Sun.", "sunlight offers an unlimited amount of energy for the world.", "the thinning of the ozone layer is damaging the atmosphere.", "sunlight will not always be available and should be used now."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Solar energy is referred to as the energy of the future because\nA. the atmosphere receives many kinds of rays from the Sun.\nB. sunlight offers an unlimited amount of energy for the world.\nC. the thinning of the ozone layer is damaging the atmosphere.\nD. sunlight will not always be available and should be used now.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Solar energy is referred to as the energy of the future because", "choices": {"text": ["the atmosphere receives many kinds of rays from the Sun.", "sunlight will not always be available and should be used now.", "the thinning of the ozone layer is damaging the atmosphere.", "sunlight offers an unlimited amount of energy for the world."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Solar energy is referred to as the energy of the future because\nA. the atmosphere receives many kinds of rays from the Sun.\nB. sunlight will not always be available and should be used now.\nC. the thinning of the ozone layer is damaging the atmosphere.\nD. sunlight offers an unlimited amount of energy for the world.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Solar energy is referred to as the energy of the future because", "choices": {"text": ["the atmosphere receives many kinds of rays from the Sun.", "sunlight offers an unlimited amount of energy for the world.", "the thinning of the ozone layer is damaging the atmosphere.", "sunlight will not always be available and should be used now."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Solar energy is referred to as the energy of the future because\n1. the atmosphere receives many kinds of rays from the Sun.\n2. sunlight offers an unlimited amount of energy for the world.\n3. the thinning of the ozone layer is damaging the atmosphere.\n4. sunlight will not always be available and should be used now.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Solar energy is referred to as the energy of the future because", "choices": {"text": ["the atmosphere receives many kinds of rays from the Sun.", "sunlight offers an unlimited amount of energy for the world.", "the thinning of the ozone layer is damaging the atmosphere.", "sunlight will not always be available and should be used now."], "label": ["U", "R", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Solar energy is referred to as the energy of the future because\nU. the atmosphere receives many kinds of rays from the Sun.\nR. sunlight offers an unlimited amount of energy for the world.\nC. the thinning of the ozone layer is damaging the atmosphere.\nY. sunlight will not always be available and should be used now.\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Solar energy is referred to as the energy of the future because", "choices": {"text": ["the atmosphere receives many kinds of rays from the Sun.", "sunlight will not always be available and should be used now.", "the thinning of the ozone layer is damaging the atmosphere.", "sunlight offers an unlimited amount of energy for the world."], "label": ["U", "R", "C", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Solar energy is referred to as the energy of the future because\nU. the atmosphere receives many kinds of rays from the Sun.\nR. sunlight will not always be available and should be used now.\nC. the thinning of the ozone layer is damaging the atmosphere.\nY. sunlight offers an unlimited amount of energy for the world.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2730}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_25", "question": "Which processes occur in all species of animals?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing and migrating", "breathing and reproducing", "eliminating waste and hibernating", "eliminating waste and shedding fur"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which processes occur in all species of animals?\nA. breathing and migrating\nB. breathing and reproducing\nC. eliminating waste and hibernating\nD. eliminating waste and shedding fur\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which processes occur in all species of animals?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing and migrating", "eliminating waste and shedding fur", "eliminating waste and hibernating", "breathing and reproducing"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which processes occur in all species of animals?\nA. breathing and migrating\nB. eliminating waste and shedding fur\nC. eliminating waste and hibernating\nD. breathing and reproducing\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which processes occur in all species of animals?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing and migrating", "breathing and reproducing", "eliminating waste and hibernating", "eliminating waste and shedding fur"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which processes occur in all species of animals?\n1. breathing and migrating\n2. breathing and reproducing\n3. eliminating waste and hibernating\n4. eliminating waste and shedding fur\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which processes occur in all species of animals?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing and migrating", "breathing and reproducing", "eliminating waste and hibernating", "eliminating waste and shedding fur"], "label": ["Z", "U", "C", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which processes occur in all species of animals?\nZ. breathing and migrating\nU. breathing and reproducing\nC. eliminating waste and hibernating\nT. eliminating waste and shedding fur\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which processes occur in all species of animals?", "choices": {"text": ["breathing and migrating", "eliminating waste and shedding fur", "eliminating waste and hibernating", "breathing and reproducing"], "label": ["Z", "U", "C", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which processes occur in all species of animals?\nZ. breathing and migrating\nU. eliminating waste and shedding fur\nC. eliminating waste and hibernating\nT. breathing and reproducing\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2731}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402287", "question": "What evidence is there that the gravitational pull of the Moon has a direct effect on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["climate variations", "change of seasons", "number of earthquakes", "changes in tidal ranges"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What evidence is there that the gravitational pull of the Moon has a direct effect on Earth?\nA. climate variations\nB. change of seasons\nC. number of earthquakes\nD. changes in tidal ranges\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What evidence is there that the gravitational pull of the Moon has a direct effect on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["change of seasons", "number of earthquakes", "changes in tidal ranges", "climate variations"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What evidence is there that the gravitational pull of the Moon has a direct effect on Earth?\nA. change of seasons\nB. number of earthquakes\nC. changes in tidal ranges\nD. climate variations\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What evidence is there that the gravitational pull of the Moon has a direct effect on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["climate variations", "change of seasons", "number of earthquakes", "changes in tidal ranges"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What evidence is there that the gravitational pull of the Moon has a direct effect on Earth?\n1. climate variations\n2. change of seasons\n3. number of earthquakes\n4. changes in tidal ranges\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What evidence is there that the gravitational pull of the Moon has a direct effect on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["climate variations", "change of seasons", "number of earthquakes", "changes in tidal ranges"], "label": ["U", "S", "A", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: What evidence is there that the gravitational pull of the Moon has a direct effect on Earth?\nU. climate variations\nS. change of seasons\nA. number of earthquakes\nX. changes in tidal ranges\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What evidence is there that the gravitational pull of the Moon has a direct effect on Earth?", "choices": {"text": ["change of seasons", "number of earthquakes", "changes in tidal ranges", "climate variations"], "label": ["U", "S", "A", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: What evidence is there that the gravitational pull of the Moon has a direct effect on Earth?\nU. change of seasons\nS. number of earthquakes\nA. changes in tidal ranges\nX. climate variations\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2732}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_414364", "question": "Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?", "choices": {"text": ["waxy coating on the stem", "green pigment in the cells", "sharp spines as the leaves", "long roots near the surface"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?\nA. waxy coating on the stem\nB. green pigment in the cells\nC. sharp spines as the leaves\nD. long roots near the surface\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?", "choices": {"text": ["long roots near the surface", "sharp spines as the leaves", "waxy coating on the stem", "green pigment in the cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?\nA. long roots near the surface\nB. sharp spines as the leaves\nC. waxy coating on the stem\nD. green pigment in the cells\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?", "choices": {"text": ["waxy coating on the stem", "green pigment in the cells", "sharp spines as the leaves", "long roots near the surface"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?\n1. waxy coating on the stem\n2. green pigment in the cells\n3. sharp spines as the leaves\n4. long roots near the surface\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?", "choices": {"text": ["waxy coating on the stem", "green pigment in the cells", "sharp spines as the leaves", "long roots near the surface"], "label": ["S", "X", "P", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?\nS. waxy coating on the stem\nX. green pigment in the cells\nP. sharp spines as the leaves\nQ. long roots near the surface\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?", "choices": {"text": ["long roots near the surface", "sharp spines as the leaves", "waxy coating on the stem", "green pigment in the cells"], "label": ["S", "X", "P", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which structure best protects a cactus from being eaten by animals?\nS. long roots near the surface\nX. sharp spines as the leaves\nP. waxy coating on the stem\nQ. green pigment in the cells\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2733}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7250215", "question": "What is the primary function of macrophages?", "choices": {"text": ["absorb oxygen and transfer it to body cells", "consume pathogens and assist the immune system", "accumulate at an injury and initiate the clotting process", "contain metabolites and maintain a balance of fluids"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary function of macrophages?\nA. absorb oxygen and transfer it to body cells\nB. consume pathogens and assist the immune system\nC. accumulate at an injury and initiate the clotting process\nD. contain metabolites and maintain a balance of fluids\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary function of macrophages?", "choices": {"text": ["contain metabolites and maintain a balance of fluids", "accumulate at an injury and initiate the clotting process", "consume pathogens and assist the immune system", "absorb oxygen and transfer it to body cells"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary function of macrophages?\nA. contain metabolites and maintain a balance of fluids\nB. accumulate at an injury and initiate the clotting process\nC. consume pathogens and assist the immune system\nD. absorb oxygen and transfer it to body cells\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary function of macrophages?", "choices": {"text": ["absorb oxygen and transfer it to body cells", "consume pathogens and assist the immune system", "accumulate at an injury and initiate the clotting process", "contain metabolites and maintain a balance of fluids"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary function of macrophages?\n1. absorb oxygen and transfer it to body cells\n2. consume pathogens and assist the immune system\n3. accumulate at an injury and initiate the clotting process\n4. contain metabolites and maintain a balance of fluids\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary function of macrophages?", "choices": {"text": ["absorb oxygen and transfer it to body cells", "consume pathogens and assist the immune system", "accumulate at an injury and initiate the clotting process", "contain metabolites and maintain a balance of fluids"], "label": ["H", "N", "W", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary function of macrophages?\nH. absorb oxygen and transfer it to body cells\nN. consume pathogens and assist the immune system\nW. accumulate at an injury and initiate the clotting process\nY. contain metabolites and maintain a balance of fluids\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is the primary function of macrophages?", "choices": {"text": ["contain metabolites and maintain a balance of fluids", "accumulate at an injury and initiate the clotting process", "consume pathogens and assist the immune system", "absorb oxygen and transfer it to body cells"], "label": ["H", "N", "W", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is the primary function of macrophages?\nH. contain metabolites and maintain a balance of fluids\nN. accumulate at an injury and initiate the clotting process\nW. consume pathogens and assist the immune system\nY. absorb oxygen and transfer it to body cells\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2734}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7138898", "question": "In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will most likely", "choices": {"text": ["cause the arteries to expand.", "decrease the heart rate.", "increase the heart rate.", "send fewer signals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will most likely\nA. cause the arteries to expand.\nB. decrease the heart rate.\nC. increase the heart rate.\nD. send fewer signals.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will most likely", "choices": {"text": ["send fewer signals.", "decrease the heart rate.", "cause the arteries to expand.", "increase the heart rate."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will most likely\nA. send fewer signals.\nB. decrease the heart rate.\nC. cause the arteries to expand.\nD. increase the heart rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will most likely", "choices": {"text": ["cause the arteries to expand.", "decrease the heart rate.", "increase the heart rate.", "send fewer signals."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will most likely\n1. cause the arteries to expand.\n2. decrease the heart rate.\n3. increase the heart rate.\n4. send fewer signals.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will most likely", "choices": {"text": ["cause the arteries to expand.", "decrease the heart rate.", "increase the heart rate.", "send fewer signals."], "label": ["X", "G", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will most likely\nX. cause the arteries to expand.\nG. decrease the heart rate.\nT. increase the heart rate.\nK. send fewer signals.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will most likely", "choices": {"text": ["send fewer signals.", "decrease the heart rate.", "cause the arteries to expand.", "increase the heart rate."], "label": ["X", "G", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the heart there is a group of specialized cells that regulates the frequency of the heartbeat. During strenuous exercise, the group of cells will most likely\nX. send fewer signals.\nG. decrease the heart rate.\nT. cause the arteries to expand.\nK. increase the heart rate.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2735}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7010920", "question": "Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular and nervous", "excretory and respiratory", "circulatory and endocrine", "digestive and reproductive"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?\nA. muscular and nervous\nB. excretory and respiratory\nC. circulatory and endocrine\nD. digestive and reproductive\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory and respiratory", "muscular and nervous", "digestive and reproductive", "circulatory and endocrine"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?\nA. excretory and respiratory\nB. muscular and nervous\nC. digestive and reproductive\nD. circulatory and endocrine\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular and nervous", "excretory and respiratory", "circulatory and endocrine", "digestive and reproductive"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?\n1. muscular and nervous\n2. excretory and respiratory\n3. circulatory and endocrine\n4. digestive and reproductive\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?", "choices": {"text": ["muscular and nervous", "excretory and respiratory", "circulatory and endocrine", "digestive and reproductive"], "label": ["I", "H", "M", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?\nI. muscular and nervous\nH. excretory and respiratory\nM. circulatory and endocrine\nC. digestive and reproductive\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?", "choices": {"text": ["excretory and respiratory", "muscular and nervous", "digestive and reproductive", "circulatory and endocrine"], "label": ["I", "H", "M", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?\nI. excretory and respiratory\nH. muscular and nervous\nM. digestive and reproductive\nC. circulatory and endocrine\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2736}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_403682", "question": "Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more", "choices": {"text": ["molecules.", "elements.", "gases.", "solids."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more\nA. molecules.\nB. elements.\nC. gases.\nD. solids.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more", "choices": {"text": ["molecules.", "solids.", "gases.", "elements."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more\nA. molecules.\nB. solids.\nC. gases.\nD. elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more", "choices": {"text": ["molecules.", "elements.", "gases.", "solids."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more\n1. molecules.\n2. elements.\n3. gases.\n4. solids.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more", "choices": {"text": ["molecules.", "elements.", "gases.", "solids."], "label": ["N", "T", "B", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more\nN. molecules.\nT. elements.\nB. gases.\nA. solids.\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more", "choices": {"text": ["molecules.", "solids.", "gases.", "elements."], "label": ["N", "T", "B", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Calcium carbonate (CaCO_{3}) is considered a compound because it is made up of two or more\nN. molecules.\nT. solids.\nB. gases.\nA. elements.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2737}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026828", "question": "Modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?", "choices": {"text": ["acid rain", "habitat loss", "coastline erosion", "algal growth in lakes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?\nA. acid rain\nB. habitat loss\nC. coastline erosion\nD. algal growth in lakes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?", "choices": {"text": ["habitat loss", "algal growth in lakes", "acid rain", "coastline erosion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?\nA. habitat loss\nB. algal growth in lakes\nC. acid rain\nD. coastline erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?", "choices": {"text": ["acid rain", "habitat loss", "coastline erosion", "algal growth in lakes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?\n1. acid rain\n2. habitat loss\n3. coastline erosion\n4. algal growth in lakes\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?", "choices": {"text": ["acid rain", "habitat loss", "coastline erosion", "algal growth in lakes"], "label": ["B", "X", "H", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?\nB. acid rain\nX. habitat loss\nH. coastline erosion\nK. algal growth in lakes\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?", "choices": {"text": ["habitat loss", "algal growth in lakes", "acid rain", "coastline erosion"], "label": ["B", "X", "H", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?\nB. habitat loss\nX. algal growth in lakes\nH. acid rain\nK. coastline erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2738}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7235760", "question": "Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?", "choices": {"text": ["rapid cooling of the ground at night", "high wind on a sunny morning", "saturation of soil with warm rain", "rapid collision of warm and cold fronts"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?\nA. rapid cooling of the ground at night\nB. high wind on a sunny morning\nC. saturation of soil with warm rain\nD. rapid collision of warm and cold fronts\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?", "choices": {"text": ["rapid collision of warm and cold fronts", "saturation of soil with warm rain", "high wind on a sunny morning", "rapid cooling of the ground at night"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?\nA. rapid collision of warm and cold fronts\nB. saturation of soil with warm rain\nC. high wind on a sunny morning\nD. rapid cooling of the ground at night\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?", "choices": {"text": ["rapid cooling of the ground at night", "high wind on a sunny morning", "saturation of soil with warm rain", "rapid collision of warm and cold fronts"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?\n1. rapid cooling of the ground at night\n2. high wind on a sunny morning\n3. saturation of soil with warm rain\n4. rapid collision of warm and cold fronts\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?", "choices": {"text": ["rapid cooling of the ground at night", "high wind on a sunny morning", "saturation of soil with warm rain", "rapid collision of warm and cold fronts"], "label": ["I", "M", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?\nI. rapid cooling of the ground at night\nM. high wind on a sunny morning\nB. saturation of soil with warm rain\nX. rapid collision of warm and cold fronts\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?", "choices": {"text": ["rapid collision of warm and cold fronts", "saturation of soil with warm rain", "high wind on a sunny morning", "rapid cooling of the ground at night"], "label": ["I", "M", "B", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which condition is most likely to cause the formation of a temperature inversion?\nI. rapid collision of warm and cold fronts\nM. saturation of soil with warm rain\nB. high wind on a sunny morning\nX. rapid cooling of the ground at night\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2739}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_406772", "question": "A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["learned.", "dietary.", "inherited.", "environmental."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as\nA. learned.\nB. dietary.\nC. inherited.\nD. environmental.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["dietary.", "inherited.", "environmental.", "learned."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as\nA. dietary.\nB. inherited.\nC. environmental.\nD. learned.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["learned.", "dietary.", "inherited.", "environmental."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as\n1. learned.\n2. dietary.\n3. inherited.\n4. environmental.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["learned.", "dietary.", "inherited.", "environmental."], "label": ["E", "N", "S", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as\nE. learned.\nN. dietary.\nS. inherited.\nX. environmental.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as", "choices": {"text": ["dietary.", "inherited.", "environmental.", "learned."], "label": ["E", "N", "S", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: A young boy and his brothers have green eyes. This trait is best described as\nE. dietary.\nN. inherited.\nS. environmental.\nX. learned.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2740}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7217525", "question": "Which term best describes body system defects that offspring may express when born?", "choices": {"text": ["congenital", "environmental", "acquired", "infectious"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term best describes body system defects that offspring may express when born?\nA. congenital\nB. environmental\nC. acquired\nD. infectious\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term best describes body system defects that offspring may express when born?", "choices": {"text": ["acquired", "congenital", "environmental", "infectious"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term best describes body system defects that offspring may express when born?\nA. acquired\nB. congenital\nC. environmental\nD. infectious\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term best describes body system defects that offspring may express when born?", "choices": {"text": ["congenital", "environmental", "acquired", "infectious"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term best describes body system defects that offspring may express when born?\n1. congenital\n2. environmental\n3. acquired\n4. infectious\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term best describes body system defects that offspring may express when born?", "choices": {"text": ["congenital", "environmental", "acquired", "infectious"], "label": ["X", "G", "N", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term best describes body system defects that offspring may express when born?\nX. congenital\nG. environmental\nN. acquired\nM. infectious\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which term best describes body system defects that offspring may express when born?", "choices": {"text": ["acquired", "congenital", "environmental", "infectious"], "label": ["X", "G", "N", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which term best describes body system defects that offspring may express when born?\nX. acquired\nG. congenital\nN. environmental\nM. infectious\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2741}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405302", "question": "Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?", "choices": {"text": ["sleet", "hail", "snow", "fog"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?\nA. sleet\nB. hail\nC. snow\nD. fog\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?", "choices": {"text": ["snow", "fog", "hail", "sleet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?\nA. snow\nB. fog\nC. hail\nD. sleet\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?", "choices": {"text": ["sleet", "hail", "snow", "fog"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?\n1. sleet\n2. hail\n3. snow\n4. fog\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?", "choices": {"text": ["sleet", "hail", "snow", "fog"], "label": ["H", "R", "Z", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?\nH. sleet\nR. hail\nZ. snow\nF. fog\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?", "choices": {"text": ["snow", "fog", "hail", "sleet"], "label": ["H", "R", "Z", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?\nH. snow\nR. fog\nZ. hail\nF. sleet\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2742}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7032708", "question": "A nuclear reaction, such as those which occur in a nuclear power plant, can be classified as what type of reaction?", "choices": {"text": ["solar", "chemical", "exothermic", "endothermic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A nuclear reaction, such as those which occur in a nuclear power plant, can be classified as what type of reaction?\nA. solar\nB. chemical\nC. exothermic\nD. endothermic\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A nuclear reaction, such as those which occur in a nuclear power plant, can be classified as what type of reaction?", "choices": {"text": ["endothermic", "chemical", "solar", "exothermic"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A nuclear reaction, such as those which occur in a nuclear power plant, can be classified as what type of reaction?\nA. endothermic\nB. chemical\nC. solar\nD. exothermic\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A nuclear reaction, such as those which occur in a nuclear power plant, can be classified as what type of reaction?", "choices": {"text": ["solar", "chemical", "exothermic", "endothermic"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A nuclear reaction, such as those which occur in a nuclear power plant, can be classified as what type of reaction?\n1. solar\n2. chemical\n3. exothermic\n4. endothermic\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A nuclear reaction, such as those which occur in a nuclear power plant, can be classified as what type of reaction?", "choices": {"text": ["solar", "chemical", "exothermic", "endothermic"], "label": ["Z", "C", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A nuclear reaction, such as those which occur in a nuclear power plant, can be classified as what type of reaction?\nZ. solar\nC. chemical\nN. exothermic\nI. endothermic\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A nuclear reaction, such as those which occur in a nuclear power plant, can be classified as what type of reaction?", "choices": {"text": ["endothermic", "chemical", "solar", "exothermic"], "label": ["Z", "C", "N", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: A nuclear reaction, such as those which occur in a nuclear power plant, can be classified as what type of reaction?\nZ. endothermic\nC. chemical\nN. solar\nI. exothermic\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2743}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7082583", "question": "The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "weight.", "volume.", "density."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as\nA. mass.\nB. weight.\nC. volume.\nD. density.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "density.", "volume.", "weight."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as\nA. mass.\nB. density.\nC. volume.\nD. weight.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "weight.", "volume.", "density."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as\n1. mass.\n2. weight.\n3. volume.\n4. density.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "weight.", "volume.", "density."], "label": ["G", "O", "D", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as\nG. mass.\nO. weight.\nD. volume.\nZ. density.\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as", "choices": {"text": ["mass.", "density.", "volume.", "weight."], "label": ["G", "O", "D", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as\nG. mass.\nO. density.\nD. volume.\nZ. weight.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2744}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7245875", "question": "Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?", "choices": {"text": ["teeth chewing food", "enzymes breaking down food", "food moving through the intestines", "food churning in the stomach"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?\nA. teeth chewing food\nB. enzymes breaking down food\nC. food moving through the intestines\nD. food churning in the stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?", "choices": {"text": ["teeth chewing food", "food moving through the intestines", "enzymes breaking down food", "food churning in the stomach"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?\nA. teeth chewing food\nB. food moving through the intestines\nC. enzymes breaking down food\nD. food churning in the stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?", "choices": {"text": ["teeth chewing food", "enzymes breaking down food", "food moving through the intestines", "food churning in the stomach"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?\n1. teeth chewing food\n2. enzymes breaking down food\n3. food moving through the intestines\n4. food churning in the stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?", "choices": {"text": ["teeth chewing food", "enzymes breaking down food", "food moving through the intestines", "food churning in the stomach"], "label": ["U", "Z", "F", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?\nU. teeth chewing food\nZ. enzymes breaking down food\nF. food moving through the intestines\nL. food churning in the stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?", "choices": {"text": ["teeth chewing food", "food moving through the intestines", "enzymes breaking down food", "food churning in the stomach"], "label": ["U", "Z", "F", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?\nU. teeth chewing food\nZ. food moving through the intestines\nF. enzymes breaking down food\nL. food churning in the stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2745}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7122798", "question": "The air in front of a meteor is compressed as it passes through the atmosphere of Earth. This causes the meteor to", "choices": {"text": ["gain mass.", "gain velocity.", "increase in temperature.", "increase in surface area."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The air in front of a meteor is compressed as it passes through the atmosphere of Earth. This causes the meteor to\nA. gain mass.\nB. gain velocity.\nC. increase in temperature.\nD. increase in surface area.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The air in front of a meteor is compressed as it passes through the atmosphere of Earth. This causes the meteor to", "choices": {"text": ["increase in surface area.", "increase in temperature.", "gain mass.", "gain velocity."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The air in front of a meteor is compressed as it passes through the atmosphere of Earth. This causes the meteor to\nA. increase in surface area.\nB. increase in temperature.\nC. gain mass.\nD. gain velocity.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The air in front of a meteor is compressed as it passes through the atmosphere of Earth. This causes the meteor to", "choices": {"text": ["gain mass.", "gain velocity.", "increase in temperature.", "increase in surface area."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The air in front of a meteor is compressed as it passes through the atmosphere of Earth. This causes the meteor to\n1. gain mass.\n2. gain velocity.\n3. increase in temperature.\n4. increase in surface area.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The air in front of a meteor is compressed as it passes through the atmosphere of Earth. This causes the meteor to", "choices": {"text": ["gain mass.", "gain velocity.", "increase in temperature.", "increase in surface area."], "label": ["A", "H", "F", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The air in front of a meteor is compressed as it passes through the atmosphere of Earth. This causes the meteor to\nA. gain mass.\nH. gain velocity.\nF. increase in temperature.\nV. increase in surface area.\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The air in front of a meteor is compressed as it passes through the atmosphere of Earth. This causes the meteor to", "choices": {"text": ["increase in surface area.", "increase in temperature.", "gain mass.", "gain velocity."], "label": ["A", "H", "F", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: The air in front of a meteor is compressed as it passes through the atmosphere of Earth. This causes the meteor to\nA. increase in surface area.\nH. increase in temperature.\nF. gain mass.\nV. gain velocity.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2746}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2008_3_39", "question": "Martina only washes her sweater after she has worn it several times. Martina is helping the environment by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["wasting water", "reusing water", "recycling water", "conserving water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Martina only washes her sweater after she has worn it several times. Martina is helping the environment by ___.\nA. wasting water\nB. reusing water\nC. recycling water\nD. conserving water\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Martina only washes her sweater after she has worn it several times. Martina is helping the environment by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["recycling water", "wasting water", "conserving water", "reusing water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Martina only washes her sweater after she has worn it several times. Martina is helping the environment by ___.\nA. recycling water\nB. wasting water\nC. conserving water\nD. reusing water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Martina only washes her sweater after she has worn it several times. Martina is helping the environment by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["wasting water", "reusing water", "recycling water", "conserving water"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Martina only washes her sweater after she has worn it several times. Martina is helping the environment by ___.\n1. wasting water\n2. reusing water\n3. recycling water\n4. conserving water\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Martina only washes her sweater after she has worn it several times. Martina is helping the environment by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["wasting water", "reusing water", "recycling water", "conserving water"], "label": ["E", "G", "Y", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Martina only washes her sweater after she has worn it several times. Martina is helping the environment by ___.\nE. wasting water\nG. reusing water\nY. recycling water\nV. conserving water\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Martina only washes her sweater after she has worn it several times. Martina is helping the environment by ___.", "choices": {"text": ["recycling water", "wasting water", "conserving water", "reusing water"], "label": ["E", "G", "Y", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Martina only washes her sweater after she has worn it several times. Martina is helping the environment by ___.\nE. recycling water\nG. wasting water\nY. conserving water\nV. reusing water\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2747}
{"arc_id": "MSA_2015_8_26", "question": "Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?", "choices": {"text": ["25%", "50%", "75%", "100%"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?\nA. 25%\nB. 50%\nC. 75%\nD. 100%\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?", "choices": {"text": ["50%", "100%", "25%", "75%"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?\nA. 50%\nB. 100%\nC. 25%\nD. 75%\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?", "choices": {"text": ["25%", "50%", "75%", "100%"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?\n1. 25%\n2. 50%\n3. 75%\n4. 100%\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?", "choices": {"text": ["25%", "50%", "75%", "100%"], "label": ["X", "I", "S", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?\nX. 25%\nI. 50%\nS. 75%\nJ. 100%\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?", "choices": {"text": ["50%", "100%", "25%", "75%"], "label": ["X", "I", "S", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Fruit flies reproduce by sexual reproduction. What percent of genes does a fertilized egg of a fruit fly receive from one parent?\nX. 50%\nI. 100%\nS. 25%\nJ. 75%\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2748}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_177013", "question": "The forelimb of the monkey, bat, penguin, and alligator look very different on the outside, but their skeletal structures are similar. This evidence suggests that these animals", "choices": {"text": ["may have evolved from a common ancestor.", "all reproduce in a similar fashion.", "live in similar environments.", "should all be able to fly someday."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The forelimb of the monkey, bat, penguin, and alligator look very different on the outside, but their skeletal structures are similar. This evidence suggests that these animals\nA. may have evolved from a common ancestor.\nB. all reproduce in a similar fashion.\nC. live in similar environments.\nD. should all be able to fly someday.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The forelimb of the monkey, bat, penguin, and alligator look very different on the outside, but their skeletal structures are similar. This evidence suggests that these animals", "choices": {"text": ["all reproduce in a similar fashion.", "should all be able to fly someday.", "live in similar environments.", "may have evolved from a common ancestor."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The forelimb of the monkey, bat, penguin, and alligator look very different on the outside, but their skeletal structures are similar. This evidence suggests that these animals\nA. all reproduce in a similar fashion.\nB. should all be able to fly someday.\nC. live in similar environments.\nD. may have evolved from a common ancestor.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The forelimb of the monkey, bat, penguin, and alligator look very different on the outside, but their skeletal structures are similar. This evidence suggests that these animals", "choices": {"text": ["may have evolved from a common ancestor.", "all reproduce in a similar fashion.", "live in similar environments.", "should all be able to fly someday."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The forelimb of the monkey, bat, penguin, and alligator look very different on the outside, but their skeletal structures are similar. This evidence suggests that these animals\n1. may have evolved from a common ancestor.\n2. all reproduce in a similar fashion.\n3. live in similar environments.\n4. should all be able to fly someday.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The forelimb of the monkey, bat, penguin, and alligator look very different on the outside, but their skeletal structures are similar. This evidence suggests that these animals", "choices": {"text": ["may have evolved from a common ancestor.", "all reproduce in a similar fashion.", "live in similar environments.", "should all be able to fly someday."], "label": ["X", "N", "E", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The forelimb of the monkey, bat, penguin, and alligator look very different on the outside, but their skeletal structures are similar. This evidence suggests that these animals\nX. may have evolved from a common ancestor.\nN. all reproduce in a similar fashion.\nE. live in similar environments.\nS. should all be able to fly someday.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The forelimb of the monkey, bat, penguin, and alligator look very different on the outside, but their skeletal structures are similar. This evidence suggests that these animals", "choices": {"text": ["all reproduce in a similar fashion.", "should all be able to fly someday.", "live in similar environments.", "may have evolved from a common ancestor."], "label": ["X", "N", "E", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: The forelimb of the monkey, bat, penguin, and alligator look very different on the outside, but their skeletal structures are similar. This evidence suggests that these animals\nX. all reproduce in a similar fashion.\nN. should all be able to fly someday.\nE. live in similar environments.\nS. may have evolved from a common ancestor.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2749}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400185", "question": "What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?", "choices": {"text": ["air vibrations", "electric current", "solar radiation", "subatomic particles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?\nA. air vibrations\nB. electric current\nC. solar radiation\nD. subatomic particles\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?", "choices": {"text": ["electric current", "solar radiation", "air vibrations", "subatomic particles"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?\nA. electric current\nB. solar radiation\nC. air vibrations\nD. subatomic particles\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?", "choices": {"text": ["air vibrations", "electric current", "solar radiation", "subatomic particles"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?\n1. air vibrations\n2. electric current\n3. solar radiation\n4. subatomic particles\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?", "choices": {"text": ["air vibrations", "electric current", "solar radiation", "subatomic particles"], "label": ["E", "Y", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?\nE. air vibrations\nY. electric current\nZ. solar radiation\nW. subatomic particles\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?", "choices": {"text": ["electric current", "solar radiation", "air vibrations", "subatomic particles"], "label": ["E", "Y", "Z", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: What allows two students standing ten feet apart to hear each other talk?\nE. electric current\nY. solar radiation\nZ. air vibrations\nW. subatomic particles\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2750}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_402159", "question": "What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?", "choices": {"text": ["scratch it", "wait for it to go away", "tell the teacher right away", "tell his best friend after school"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?\nA. scratch it\nB. wait for it to go away\nC. tell the teacher right away\nD. tell his best friend after school\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?", "choices": {"text": ["tell his best friend after school", "tell the teacher right away", "scratch it", "wait for it to go away"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?\nA. tell his best friend after school\nB. tell the teacher right away\nC. scratch it\nD. wait for it to go away\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?", "choices": {"text": ["scratch it", "wait for it to go away", "tell the teacher right away", "tell his best friend after school"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?\n1. scratch it\n2. wait for it to go away\n3. tell the teacher right away\n4. tell his best friend after school\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?", "choices": {"text": ["scratch it", "wait for it to go away", "tell the teacher right away", "tell his best friend after school"], "label": ["X", "M", "K", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?\nX. scratch it\nM. wait for it to go away\nK. tell the teacher right away\nB. tell his best friend after school\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?", "choices": {"text": ["tell his best friend after school", "tell the teacher right away", "scratch it", "wait for it to go away"], "label": ["X", "M", "K", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?\nX. tell his best friend after school\nM. tell the teacher right away\nK. scratch it\nB. wait for it to go away\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2751}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_5_31", "question": "The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of", "choices": {"text": ["what hunting behaviors the animal used", "how many babies the animal had", "exactly when the animal was born", "the time period the animal lived in"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of\nA. what hunting behaviors the animal used\nB. how many babies the animal had\nC. exactly when the animal was born\nD. the time period the animal lived in\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of", "choices": {"text": ["how many babies the animal had", "exactly when the animal was born", "the time period the animal lived in", "what hunting behaviors the animal used"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of\nA. how many babies the animal had\nB. exactly when the animal was born\nC. the time period the animal lived in\nD. what hunting behaviors the animal used\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of", "choices": {"text": ["what hunting behaviors the animal used", "how many babies the animal had", "exactly when the animal was born", "the time period the animal lived in"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of\n1. what hunting behaviors the animal used\n2. how many babies the animal had\n3. exactly when the animal was born\n4. the time period the animal lived in\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of", "choices": {"text": ["what hunting behaviors the animal used", "how many babies the animal had", "exactly when the animal was born", "the time period the animal lived in"], "label": ["I", "G", "O", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of\nI. what hunting behaviors the animal used\nG. how many babies the animal had\nO. exactly when the animal was born\nP. the time period the animal lived in\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of", "choices": {"text": ["how many babies the animal had", "exactly when the animal was born", "the time period the animal lived in", "what hunting behaviors the animal used"], "label": ["I", "G", "O", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: The presence of an animal fossil in a rock gives evidence of\nI. how many babies the animal had\nG. exactly when the animal was born\nO. the time period the animal lived in\nP. what hunting behaviors the animal used\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2752}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401598", "question": "Which action does a kitten learn from its mother?", "choices": {"text": ["how to grow", "how to meow", "how to hunt mice", "how to nurse milk"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action does a kitten learn from its mother?\nA. how to grow\nB. how to meow\nC. how to hunt mice\nD. how to nurse milk\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action does a kitten learn from its mother?", "choices": {"text": ["how to hunt mice", "how to meow", "how to nurse milk", "how to grow"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action does a kitten learn from its mother?\nA. how to hunt mice\nB. how to meow\nC. how to nurse milk\nD. how to grow\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action does a kitten learn from its mother?", "choices": {"text": ["how to grow", "how to meow", "how to hunt mice", "how to nurse milk"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action does a kitten learn from its mother?\n1. how to grow\n2. how to meow\n3. how to hunt mice\n4. how to nurse milk\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action does a kitten learn from its mother?", "choices": {"text": ["how to grow", "how to meow", "how to hunt mice", "how to nurse milk"], "label": ["R", "A", "W", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action does a kitten learn from its mother?\nR. how to grow\nA. how to meow\nW. how to hunt mice\nT. how to nurse milk\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which action does a kitten learn from its mother?", "choices": {"text": ["how to hunt mice", "how to meow", "how to nurse milk", "how to grow"], "label": ["R", "A", "W", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which action does a kitten learn from its mother?\nR. how to hunt mice\nA. how to meow\nW. how to nurse milk\nT. how to grow\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2753}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2004_8_24", "question": "Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?", "choices": {"text": ["shear", "torsion", "tension", "compression"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?\nA. shear\nB. torsion\nC. tension\nD. compression\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?", "choices": {"text": ["torsion", "tension", "compression", "shear"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?\nA. torsion\nB. tension\nC. compression\nD. shear\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?", "choices": {"text": ["shear", "torsion", "tension", "compression"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?\n1. shear\n2. torsion\n3. tension\n4. compression\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?", "choices": {"text": ["shear", "torsion", "tension", "compression"], "label": ["P", "X", "Q", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?\nP. shear\nX. torsion\nQ. tension\nB. compression\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?", "choices": {"text": ["torsion", "tension", "compression", "shear"], "label": ["P", "X", "Q", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?\nP. torsion\nX. tension\nQ. compression\nB. shear\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2754}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_413081", "question": "What is a main feature of plains?", "choices": {"text": ["a flat, level surface", "a high, steep peak", "a low, shallow basin", "a gentle, gradual slope"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a main feature of plains?\nA. a flat, level surface\nB. a high, steep peak\nC. a low, shallow basin\nD. a gentle, gradual slope\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a main feature of plains?", "choices": {"text": ["a gentle, gradual slope", "a high, steep peak", "a low, shallow basin", "a flat, level surface"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a main feature of plains?\nA. a gentle, gradual slope\nB. a high, steep peak\nC. a low, shallow basin\nD. a flat, level surface\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a main feature of plains?", "choices": {"text": ["a flat, level surface", "a high, steep peak", "a low, shallow basin", "a gentle, gradual slope"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a main feature of plains?\n1. a flat, level surface\n2. a high, steep peak\n3. a low, shallow basin\n4. a gentle, gradual slope\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a main feature of plains?", "choices": {"text": ["a flat, level surface", "a high, steep peak", "a low, shallow basin", "a gentle, gradual slope"], "label": ["Y", "Q", "C", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a main feature of plains?\nY. a flat, level surface\nQ. a high, steep peak\nC. a low, shallow basin\nH. a gentle, gradual slope\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What is a main feature of plains?", "choices": {"text": ["a gentle, gradual slope", "a high, steep peak", "a low, shallow basin", "a flat, level surface"], "label": ["Y", "Q", "C", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: What is a main feature of plains?\nY. a gentle, gradual slope\nQ. a high, steep peak\nC. a low, shallow basin\nH. a flat, level surface\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2755}
{"arc_id": "CSZ_2008_5_CSZ50776", "question": "Decomposers are important in the food chain because they", "choices": {"text": ["produce their own food using light from the Sun.", "stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.", "break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.", "are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decomposers are important in the food chain because they\nA. produce their own food using light from the Sun.\nB. stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.\nC. break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.\nD. are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Decomposers are important in the food chain because they", "choices": {"text": ["are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them.", "break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.", "stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.", "produce their own food using light from the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decomposers are important in the food chain because they\nA. are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them.\nB. break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.\nC. stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.\nD. produce their own food using light from the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Decomposers are important in the food chain because they", "choices": {"text": ["produce their own food using light from the Sun.", "stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.", "break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.", "are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decomposers are important in the food chain because they\n1. produce their own food using light from the Sun.\n2. stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.\n3. break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.\n4. are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Decomposers are important in the food chain because they", "choices": {"text": ["produce their own food using light from the Sun.", "stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.", "break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.", "are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them."], "label": ["U", "Y", "P", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decomposers are important in the food chain because they\nU. produce their own food using light from the Sun.\nY. stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.\nP. break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.\nO. are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Decomposers are important in the food chain because they", "choices": {"text": ["are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them.", "break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.", "stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.", "produce their own food using light from the Sun."], "label": ["U", "Y", "P", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decomposers are important in the food chain because they\nU. are microscopic and other organisms cannot consume them.\nY. break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients into the soil.\nP. stop the flow of energy from one organism to another.\nO. produce their own food using light from the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2756}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_1998_4_22", "question": "Bridge inspectors have determined that a bridge is unsafe. Which of the following is the BEST design process the company should use to correct the problem?", "choices": {"text": ["identify the problem-repair the bridge-plan for the repair", "plan for the repair-repair the bridge-identify the problem", "plan for the repair-identify the problem-repair the bridge", "identify the problem-plan for the repair-repair the bridge"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bridge inspectors have determined that a bridge is unsafe. Which of the following is the BEST design process the company should use to correct the problem?\nA. identify the problem-repair the bridge-plan for the repair\nB. plan for the repair-repair the bridge-identify the problem\nC. plan for the repair-identify the problem-repair the bridge\nD. identify the problem-plan for the repair-repair the bridge\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Bridge inspectors have determined that a bridge is unsafe. Which of the following is the BEST design process the company should use to correct the problem?", "choices": {"text": ["identify the problem-repair the bridge-plan for the repair", "plan for the repair-repair the bridge-identify the problem", "identify the problem-plan for the repair-repair the bridge", "plan for the repair-identify the problem-repair the bridge"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bridge inspectors have determined that a bridge is unsafe. Which of the following is the BEST design process the company should use to correct the problem?\nA. identify the problem-repair the bridge-plan for the repair\nB. plan for the repair-repair the bridge-identify the problem\nC. identify the problem-plan for the repair-repair the bridge\nD. plan for the repair-identify the problem-repair the bridge\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Bridge inspectors have determined that a bridge is unsafe. Which of the following is the BEST design process the company should use to correct the problem?", "choices": {"text": ["identify the problem-repair the bridge-plan for the repair", "plan for the repair-repair the bridge-identify the problem", "plan for the repair-identify the problem-repair the bridge", "identify the problem-plan for the repair-repair the bridge"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bridge inspectors have determined that a bridge is unsafe. Which of the following is the BEST design process the company should use to correct the problem?\n1. identify the problem-repair the bridge-plan for the repair\n2. plan for the repair-repair the bridge-identify the problem\n3. plan for the repair-identify the problem-repair the bridge\n4. identify the problem-plan for the repair-repair the bridge\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bridge inspectors have determined that a bridge is unsafe. Which of the following is the BEST design process the company should use to correct the problem?", "choices": {"text": ["identify the problem-repair the bridge-plan for the repair", "plan for the repair-repair the bridge-identify the problem", "plan for the repair-identify the problem-repair the bridge", "identify the problem-plan for the repair-repair the bridge"], "label": ["I", "V", "P", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bridge inspectors have determined that a bridge is unsafe. Which of the following is the BEST design process the company should use to correct the problem?\nI. identify the problem-repair the bridge-plan for the repair\nV. plan for the repair-repair the bridge-identify the problem\nP. plan for the repair-identify the problem-repair the bridge\nL. identify the problem-plan for the repair-repair the bridge\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bridge inspectors have determined that a bridge is unsafe. Which of the following is the BEST design process the company should use to correct the problem?", "choices": {"text": ["identify the problem-repair the bridge-plan for the repair", "plan for the repair-repair the bridge-identify the problem", "identify the problem-plan for the repair-repair the bridge", "plan for the repair-identify the problem-repair the bridge"], "label": ["I", "V", "P", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bridge inspectors have determined that a bridge is unsafe. Which of the following is the BEST design process the company should use to correct the problem?\nI. identify the problem-repair the bridge-plan for the repair\nV. plan for the repair-repair the bridge-identify the problem\nP. identify the problem-plan for the repair-repair the bridge\nL. plan for the repair-identify the problem-repair the bridge\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2757}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7267785", "question": "Which planet has characteristics that make it the most likely planet for the discovery of extra-terrestrial life?", "choices": {"text": ["Jupiter", "Venus", "Saturn", "Mars"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which planet has characteristics that make it the most likely planet for the discovery of extra-terrestrial life?\nA. Jupiter\nB. Venus\nC. Saturn\nD. Mars\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which planet has characteristics that make it the most likely planet for the discovery of extra-terrestrial life?", "choices": {"text": ["Venus", "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which planet has characteristics that make it the most likely planet for the discovery of extra-terrestrial life?\nA. Venus\nB. Mars\nC. Jupiter\nD. Saturn\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which planet has characteristics that make it the most likely planet for the discovery of extra-terrestrial life?", "choices": {"text": ["Jupiter", "Venus", "Saturn", "Mars"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which planet has characteristics that make it the most likely planet for the discovery of extra-terrestrial life?\n1. Jupiter\n2. Venus\n3. Saturn\n4. Mars\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which planet has characteristics that make it the most likely planet for the discovery of extra-terrestrial life?", "choices": {"text": ["Jupiter", "Venus", "Saturn", "Mars"], "label": ["R", "K", "H", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which planet has characteristics that make it the most likely planet for the discovery of extra-terrestrial life?\nR. Jupiter\nK. Venus\nH. Saturn\nG. Mars\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which planet has characteristics that make it the most likely planet for the discovery of extra-terrestrial life?", "choices": {"text": ["Venus", "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn"], "label": ["R", "K", "H", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which planet has characteristics that make it the most likely planet for the discovery of extra-terrestrial life?\nR. Venus\nK. Mars\nH. Jupiter\nG. Saturn\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2758}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_405035", "question": "Organisms can be classified according to the flow of energy in a food chain. Which is the correct order of the flow of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore", "Producer -> Herbivore -> Carnivore", "Herbivore -> Producer -> Carnivore", "Producer -> Carnivore -> Herbivore"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms can be classified according to the flow of energy in a food chain. Which is the correct order of the flow of energy?\nA. Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore\nB. Producer -> Herbivore -> Carnivore\nC. Herbivore -> Producer -> Carnivore\nD. Producer -> Carnivore -> Herbivore\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms can be classified according to the flow of energy in a food chain. Which is the correct order of the flow of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Producer -> Carnivore -> Herbivore", "Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore", "Herbivore -> Producer -> Carnivore", "Producer -> Herbivore -> Carnivore"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms can be classified according to the flow of energy in a food chain. Which is the correct order of the flow of energy?\nA. Producer -> Carnivore -> Herbivore\nB. Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore\nC. Herbivore -> Producer -> Carnivore\nD. Producer -> Herbivore -> Carnivore\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms can be classified according to the flow of energy in a food chain. Which is the correct order of the flow of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore", "Producer -> Herbivore -> Carnivore", "Herbivore -> Producer -> Carnivore", "Producer -> Carnivore -> Herbivore"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms can be classified according to the flow of energy in a food chain. Which is the correct order of the flow of energy?\n1. Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore\n2. Producer -> Herbivore -> Carnivore\n3. Herbivore -> Producer -> Carnivore\n4. Producer -> Carnivore -> Herbivore\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms can be classified according to the flow of energy in a food chain. Which is the correct order of the flow of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore", "Producer -> Herbivore -> Carnivore", "Herbivore -> Producer -> Carnivore", "Producer -> Carnivore -> Herbivore"], "label": ["E", "M", "H", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms can be classified according to the flow of energy in a food chain. Which is the correct order of the flow of energy?\nE. Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore\nM. Producer -> Herbivore -> Carnivore\nH. Herbivore -> Producer -> Carnivore\nX. Producer -> Carnivore -> Herbivore\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Organisms can be classified according to the flow of energy in a food chain. Which is the correct order of the flow of energy?", "choices": {"text": ["Producer -> Carnivore -> Herbivore", "Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore", "Herbivore -> Producer -> Carnivore", "Producer -> Herbivore -> Carnivore"], "label": ["E", "M", "H", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Organisms can be classified according to the flow of energy in a food chain. Which is the correct order of the flow of energy?\nE. Producer -> Carnivore -> Herbivore\nM. Carnivore -> Producer -> Herbivore\nH. Herbivore -> Producer -> Carnivore\nX. Producer -> Herbivore -> Carnivore\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2759}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_4_pg85", "question": "Which of the following can make objects repel each other?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "magnetism", "both gravity and magnetism", "neither gravity nor magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following can make objects repel each other?\nA. gravity\nB. magnetism\nC. both gravity and magnetism\nD. neither gravity nor magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following can make objects repel each other?", "choices": {"text": ["both gravity and magnetism", "neither gravity nor magnetism", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following can make objects repel each other?\nA. both gravity and magnetism\nB. neither gravity nor magnetism\nC. gravity\nD. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following can make objects repel each other?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "magnetism", "both gravity and magnetism", "neither gravity nor magnetism"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following can make objects repel each other?\n1. gravity\n2. magnetism\n3. both gravity and magnetism\n4. neither gravity nor magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following can make objects repel each other?", "choices": {"text": ["gravity", "magnetism", "both gravity and magnetism", "neither gravity nor magnetism"], "label": ["R", "V", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following can make objects repel each other?\nR. gravity\nV. magnetism\nT. both gravity and magnetism\nW. neither gravity nor magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following can make objects repel each other?", "choices": {"text": ["both gravity and magnetism", "neither gravity nor magnetism", "gravity", "magnetism"], "label": ["R", "V", "T", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following can make objects repel each other?\nR. both gravity and magnetism\nV. neither gravity nor magnetism\nT. gravity\nW. magnetism\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2760}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7032200", "question": "Of the choices listed, what is the best way to conserve water in a home?", "choices": {"text": ["take long showers", "run a half full dishwasher", "let the water run while washing the dishes", "turn off the water while brushing your teeth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Of the choices listed, what is the best way to conserve water in a home?\nA. take long showers\nB. run a half full dishwasher\nC. let the water run while washing the dishes\nD. turn off the water while brushing your teeth\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Of the choices listed, what is the best way to conserve water in a home?", "choices": {"text": ["turn off the water while brushing your teeth", "take long showers", "run a half full dishwasher", "let the water run while washing the dishes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Of the choices listed, what is the best way to conserve water in a home?\nA. turn off the water while brushing your teeth\nB. take long showers\nC. run a half full dishwasher\nD. let the water run while washing the dishes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Of the choices listed, what is the best way to conserve water in a home?", "choices": {"text": ["take long showers", "run a half full dishwasher", "let the water run while washing the dishes", "turn off the water while brushing your teeth"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Of the choices listed, what is the best way to conserve water in a home?\n1. take long showers\n2. run a half full dishwasher\n3. let the water run while washing the dishes\n4. turn off the water while brushing your teeth\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Of the choices listed, what is the best way to conserve water in a home?", "choices": {"text": ["take long showers", "run a half full dishwasher", "let the water run while washing the dishes", "turn off the water while brushing your teeth"], "label": ["P", "Z", "S", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Of the choices listed, what is the best way to conserve water in a home?\nP. take long showers\nZ. run a half full dishwasher\nS. let the water run while washing the dishes\nL. turn off the water while brushing your teeth\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Of the choices listed, what is the best way to conserve water in a home?", "choices": {"text": ["turn off the water while brushing your teeth", "take long showers", "run a half full dishwasher", "let the water run while washing the dishes"], "label": ["P", "Z", "S", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Of the choices listed, what is the best way to conserve water in a home?\nP. turn off the water while brushing your teeth\nZ. take long showers\nS. run a half full dishwasher\nL. let the water run while washing the dishes\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2761}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_408374", "question": "Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?\nA. oxygen\nB. nitrogen\nC. hydrogen\nD. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "nitrogen", "oxygen", "hydrogen"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?\nA. carbon dioxide\nB. nitrogen\nC. oxygen\nD. hydrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?\n1. oxygen\n2. nitrogen\n3. hydrogen\n4. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?", "choices": {"text": ["oxygen", "nitrogen", "hydrogen", "carbon dioxide"], "label": ["M", "T", "V", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?\nM. oxygen\nT. nitrogen\nV. hydrogen\nN. carbon dioxide\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?", "choices": {"text": ["carbon dioxide", "nitrogen", "oxygen", "hydrogen"], "label": ["M", "T", "V", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Martin grew some bean plants. He made a list of what the bean plants needed to survive and grow. Which gas do the plants need when they make their own food?\nM. carbon dioxide\nT. nitrogen\nV. oxygen\nN. hydrogen\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2762}
{"arc_id": "LEAP_2009_8_10431", "question": "Which factor causes global wind patterns?", "choices": {"text": ["changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon", "unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun", "daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis", "rapid rotation of the Sun on its axis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor causes global wind patterns?\nA. changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon\nB. unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun\nC. daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis\nD. rapid rotation of the Sun on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor causes global wind patterns?", "choices": {"text": ["unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun", "rapid rotation of the Sun on its axis", "changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon", "daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor causes global wind patterns?\nA. unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun\nB. rapid rotation of the Sun on its axis\nC. changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon\nD. daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor causes global wind patterns?", "choices": {"text": ["changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon", "unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun", "daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis", "rapid rotation of the Sun on its axis"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor causes global wind patterns?\n1. changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon\n2. unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun\n3. daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis\n4. rapid rotation of the Sun on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor causes global wind patterns?", "choices": {"text": ["changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon", "unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun", "daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis", "rapid rotation of the Sun on its axis"], "label": ["P", "B", "D", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor causes global wind patterns?\nP. changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon\nB. unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun\nD. daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis\nS. rapid rotation of the Sun on its axis\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which factor causes global wind patterns?", "choices": {"text": ["unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun", "rapid rotation of the Sun on its axis", "changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon", "daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis"], "label": ["P", "B", "D", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which factor causes global wind patterns?\nP. unequal heating of Earth's surface by the Sun\nB. rapid rotation of the Sun on its axis\nD. changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon\nS. daily changes in the tilt of Earth's axis\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2763}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7082460", "question": "The statement \"gold is more dense than lead\" is", "choices": {"text": ["a fact because most people agree.", "a fact because it has been observed and tested.", "an opinion because both metals are hard to find.", "an opinion because more research is needed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The statement \"gold is more dense than lead\" is\nA. a fact because most people agree.\nB. a fact because it has been observed and tested.\nC. an opinion because both metals are hard to find.\nD. an opinion because more research is needed.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The statement \"gold is more dense than lead\" is", "choices": {"text": ["a fact because it has been observed and tested.", "a fact because most people agree.", "an opinion because more research is needed.", "an opinion because both metals are hard to find."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The statement \"gold is more dense than lead\" is\nA. a fact because it has been observed and tested.\nB. a fact because most people agree.\nC. an opinion because more research is needed.\nD. an opinion because both metals are hard to find.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The statement \"gold is more dense than lead\" is", "choices": {"text": ["a fact because most people agree.", "a fact because it has been observed and tested.", "an opinion because both metals are hard to find.", "an opinion because more research is needed."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The statement \"gold is more dense than lead\" is\n1. a fact because most people agree.\n2. a fact because it has been observed and tested.\n3. an opinion because both metals are hard to find.\n4. an opinion because more research is needed.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The statement \"gold is more dense than lead\" is", "choices": {"text": ["a fact because most people agree.", "a fact because it has been observed and tested.", "an opinion because both metals are hard to find.", "an opinion because more research is needed."], "label": ["W", "Z", "T", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: The statement \"gold is more dense than lead\" is\nW. a fact because most people agree.\nZ. a fact because it has been observed and tested.\nT. an opinion because both metals are hard to find.\nG. an opinion because more research is needed.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The statement \"gold is more dense than lead\" is", "choices": {"text": ["a fact because it has been observed and tested.", "a fact because most people agree.", "an opinion because more research is needed.", "an opinion because both metals are hard to find."], "label": ["W", "Z", "T", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: The statement \"gold is more dense than lead\" is\nW. a fact because it has been observed and tested.\nZ. a fact because most people agree.\nT. an opinion because more research is needed.\nG. an opinion because both metals are hard to find.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2764}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7143150", "question": "Which process contributes most to the formation of a sinkhole?", "choices": {"text": ["plate movement", "volcanic eruption", "wind erosion", "chemical weathering"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process contributes most to the formation of a sinkhole?\nA. plate movement\nB. volcanic eruption\nC. wind erosion\nD. chemical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process contributes most to the formation of a sinkhole?", "choices": {"text": ["plate movement", "volcanic eruption", "chemical weathering", "wind erosion"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process contributes most to the formation of a sinkhole?\nA. plate movement\nB. volcanic eruption\nC. chemical weathering\nD. wind erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process contributes most to the formation of a sinkhole?", "choices": {"text": ["plate movement", "volcanic eruption", "wind erosion", "chemical weathering"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process contributes most to the formation of a sinkhole?\n1. plate movement\n2. volcanic eruption\n3. wind erosion\n4. chemical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process contributes most to the formation of a sinkhole?", "choices": {"text": ["plate movement", "volcanic eruption", "wind erosion", "chemical weathering"], "label": ["L", "P", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process contributes most to the formation of a sinkhole?\nL. plate movement\nP. volcanic eruption\nB. wind erosion\nT. chemical weathering\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process contributes most to the formation of a sinkhole?", "choices": {"text": ["plate movement", "volcanic eruption", "chemical weathering", "wind erosion"], "label": ["L", "P", "B", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process contributes most to the formation of a sinkhole?\nL. plate movement\nP. volcanic eruption\nB. chemical weathering\nT. wind erosion\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2765}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7103373", "question": "Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?", "choices": {"text": ["How much does an insect weigh?", "How long does an insect live?", "When does an insect breed?", "Where does an insect live?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?\nA. How much does an insect weigh?\nB. How long does an insect live?\nC. When does an insect breed?\nD. Where does an insect live?\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?", "choices": {"text": ["Where does an insect live?", "How long does an insect live?", "When does an insect breed?", "How much does an insect weigh?"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?\nA. Where does an insect live?\nB. How long does an insect live?\nC. When does an insect breed?\nD. How much does an insect weigh?\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?", "choices": {"text": ["How much does an insect weigh?", "How long does an insect live?", "When does an insect breed?", "Where does an insect live?"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?\n1. How much does an insect weigh?\n2. How long does an insect live?\n3. When does an insect breed?\n4. Where does an insect live?\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?", "choices": {"text": ["How much does an insect weigh?", "How long does an insect live?", "When does an insect breed?", "Where does an insect live?"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "P", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?\nQ. How much does an insect weigh?\nZ. How long does an insect live?\nP. When does an insect breed?\nI. Where does an insect live?\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?", "choices": {"text": ["Where does an insect live?", "How long does an insect live?", "When does an insect breed?", "How much does an insect weigh?"], "label": ["Q", "Z", "P", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?\nQ. Where does an insect live?\nZ. How long does an insect live?\nP. When does an insect breed?\nI. How much does an insect weigh?\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2766}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407720", "question": "Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?", "choices": {"text": ["strong legs", "webbed feet", "dull colors", "moist skin"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?\nA. strong legs\nB. webbed feet\nC. dull colors\nD. moist skin\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?", "choices": {"text": ["moist skin", "strong legs", "webbed feet", "dull colors"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?\nA. moist skin\nB. strong legs\nC. webbed feet\nD. dull colors\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?", "choices": {"text": ["strong legs", "webbed feet", "dull colors", "moist skin"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?\n1. strong legs\n2. webbed feet\n3. dull colors\n4. moist skin\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?", "choices": {"text": ["strong legs", "webbed feet", "dull colors", "moist skin"], "label": ["Y", "G", "J", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?\nY. strong legs\nG. webbed feet\nJ. dull colors\nB. moist skin\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?", "choices": {"text": ["moist skin", "strong legs", "webbed feet", "dull colors"], "label": ["Y", "G", "J", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which characteristic of frogs is an adaptation to living in water?\nY. moist skin\nG. strong legs\nJ. webbed feet\nB. dull colors\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2767}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2002_8_19", "question": "In the construction of a house, the words excavation, slab, and footing are associated with the", "choices": {"text": ["roof.", "floor.", "frame.", "foundation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the construction of a house, the words excavation, slab, and footing are associated with the\nA. roof.\nB. floor.\nC. frame.\nD. foundation.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In the construction of a house, the words excavation, slab, and footing are associated with the", "choices": {"text": ["foundation.", "roof.", "floor.", "frame."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the construction of a house, the words excavation, slab, and footing are associated with the\nA. foundation.\nB. roof.\nC. floor.\nD. frame.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In the construction of a house, the words excavation, slab, and footing are associated with the", "choices": {"text": ["roof.", "floor.", "frame.", "foundation."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the construction of a house, the words excavation, slab, and footing are associated with the\n1. roof.\n2. floor.\n3. frame.\n4. foundation.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the construction of a house, the words excavation, slab, and footing are associated with the", "choices": {"text": ["roof.", "floor.", "frame.", "foundation."], "label": ["A", "L", "J", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the construction of a house, the words excavation, slab, and footing are associated with the\nA. roof.\nL. floor.\nJ. frame.\nW. foundation.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In the construction of a house, the words excavation, slab, and footing are associated with the", "choices": {"text": ["foundation.", "roof.", "floor.", "frame."], "label": ["A", "L", "J", "W"]}, "prompt": "Question: In the construction of a house, the words excavation, slab, and footing are associated with the\nA. foundation.\nL. roof.\nJ. floor.\nW. frame.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2768}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7009940", "question": "Habitat becomes a major factor in the extinction of a species when", "choices": {"text": ["genetic diversity is not achieved.", "competitive species are introduced.", "changes in behavior start to develop.", "smaller populations fail to breed."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Habitat becomes a major factor in the extinction of a species when\nA. genetic diversity is not achieved.\nB. competitive species are introduced.\nC. changes in behavior start to develop.\nD. smaller populations fail to breed.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Habitat becomes a major factor in the extinction of a species when", "choices": {"text": ["changes in behavior start to develop.", "smaller populations fail to breed.", "genetic diversity is not achieved.", "competitive species are introduced."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Habitat becomes a major factor in the extinction of a species when\nA. changes in behavior start to develop.\nB. smaller populations fail to breed.\nC. genetic diversity is not achieved.\nD. competitive species are introduced.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Habitat becomes a major factor in the extinction of a species when", "choices": {"text": ["genetic diversity is not achieved.", "competitive species are introduced.", "changes in behavior start to develop.", "smaller populations fail to breed."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Habitat becomes a major factor in the extinction of a species when\n1. genetic diversity is not achieved.\n2. competitive species are introduced.\n3. changes in behavior start to develop.\n4. smaller populations fail to breed.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Habitat becomes a major factor in the extinction of a species when", "choices": {"text": ["genetic diversity is not achieved.", "competitive species are introduced.", "changes in behavior start to develop.", "smaller populations fail to breed."], "label": ["Z", "D", "F", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Habitat becomes a major factor in the extinction of a species when\nZ. genetic diversity is not achieved.\nD. competitive species are introduced.\nF. changes in behavior start to develop.\nI. smaller populations fail to breed.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Habitat becomes a major factor in the extinction of a species when", "choices": {"text": ["changes in behavior start to develop.", "smaller populations fail to breed.", "genetic diversity is not achieved.", "competitive species are introduced."], "label": ["Z", "D", "F", "I"]}, "prompt": "Question: Habitat becomes a major factor in the extinction of a species when\nZ. changes in behavior start to develop.\nD. smaller populations fail to breed.\nF. genetic diversity is not achieved.\nI. competitive species are introduced.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2769}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7239645", "question": "Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?", "choices": {"text": ["DNA", "mRNA", "tRNA", "rRNA"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?\nA. DNA\nB. mRNA\nC. tRNA\nD. rRNA\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?", "choices": {"text": ["rRNA", "DNA", "mRNA", "tRNA"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?\nA. rRNA\nB. DNA\nC. mRNA\nD. tRNA\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?", "choices": {"text": ["DNA", "mRNA", "tRNA", "rRNA"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?\n1. DNA\n2. mRNA\n3. tRNA\n4. rRNA\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?", "choices": {"text": ["DNA", "mRNA", "tRNA", "rRNA"], "label": ["E", "Y", "N", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?\nE. DNA\nY. mRNA\nN. tRNA\nV. rRNA\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?", "choices": {"text": ["rRNA", "DNA", "mRNA", "tRNA"], "label": ["E", "Y", "N", "V"]}, "prompt": "Question: Every copy of a particular protein manufactured by a cell shows the same incorrect amino acid at the same point in its structure. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, in which structure does this error originate?\nE. rRNA\nY. DNA\nN. mRNA\nV. tRNA\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2770}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7026268", "question": "Some molecules used to manufacture plastic objects are long and tangled. They straighten when force is applied to them and then return to their shorter, tangled shape. Which common object is most likely made using such molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["helmet shells", "rubber bands", "plumbing pipes", "drinking cups"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some molecules used to manufacture plastic objects are long and tangled. They straighten when force is applied to them and then return to their shorter, tangled shape. Which common object is most likely made using such molecules?\nA. helmet shells\nB. rubber bands\nC. plumbing pipes\nD. drinking cups\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some molecules used to manufacture plastic objects are long and tangled. They straighten when force is applied to them and then return to their shorter, tangled shape. Which common object is most likely made using such molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["helmet shells", "drinking cups", "plumbing pipes", "rubber bands"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some molecules used to manufacture plastic objects are long and tangled. They straighten when force is applied to them and then return to their shorter, tangled shape. Which common object is most likely made using such molecules?\nA. helmet shells\nB. drinking cups\nC. plumbing pipes\nD. rubber bands\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some molecules used to manufacture plastic objects are long and tangled. They straighten when force is applied to them and then return to their shorter, tangled shape. Which common object is most likely made using such molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["helmet shells", "rubber bands", "plumbing pipes", "drinking cups"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some molecules used to manufacture plastic objects are long and tangled. They straighten when force is applied to them and then return to their shorter, tangled shape. Which common object is most likely made using such molecules?\n1. helmet shells\n2. rubber bands\n3. plumbing pipes\n4. drinking cups\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some molecules used to manufacture plastic objects are long and tangled. They straighten when force is applied to them and then return to their shorter, tangled shape. Which common object is most likely made using such molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["helmet shells", "rubber bands", "plumbing pipes", "drinking cups"], "label": ["C", "Y", "J", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some molecules used to manufacture plastic objects are long and tangled. They straighten when force is applied to them and then return to their shorter, tangled shape. Which common object is most likely made using such molecules?\nC. helmet shells\nY. rubber bands\nJ. plumbing pipes\nB. drinking cups\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some molecules used to manufacture plastic objects are long and tangled. They straighten when force is applied to them and then return to their shorter, tangled shape. Which common object is most likely made using such molecules?", "choices": {"text": ["helmet shells", "drinking cups", "plumbing pipes", "rubber bands"], "label": ["C", "Y", "J", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some molecules used to manufacture plastic objects are long and tangled. They straighten when force is applied to them and then return to their shorter, tangled shape. Which common object is most likely made using such molecules?\nC. helmet shells\nY. drinking cups\nJ. plumbing pipes\nB. rubber bands\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2771}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7057610", "question": "Water that evaporates from lakes and streams condenses into clouds and later falls as rain. The property of water that is demonstrated is the ability to", "choices": {"text": ["act as a universal solvent.", "change from a liquid to a gas.", "boil at a high temperature.", "absorb large amounts of energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water that evaporates from lakes and streams condenses into clouds and later falls as rain. The property of water that is demonstrated is the ability to\nA. act as a universal solvent.\nB. change from a liquid to a gas.\nC. boil at a high temperature.\nD. absorb large amounts of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Water that evaporates from lakes and streams condenses into clouds and later falls as rain. The property of water that is demonstrated is the ability to", "choices": {"text": ["change from a liquid to a gas.", "act as a universal solvent.", "boil at a high temperature.", "absorb large amounts of energy."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water that evaporates from lakes and streams condenses into clouds and later falls as rain. The property of water that is demonstrated is the ability to\nA. change from a liquid to a gas.\nB. act as a universal solvent.\nC. boil at a high temperature.\nD. absorb large amounts of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Water that evaporates from lakes and streams condenses into clouds and later falls as rain. The property of water that is demonstrated is the ability to", "choices": {"text": ["act as a universal solvent.", "change from a liquid to a gas.", "boil at a high temperature.", "absorb large amounts of energy."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water that evaporates from lakes and streams condenses into clouds and later falls as rain. The property of water that is demonstrated is the ability to\n1. act as a universal solvent.\n2. change from a liquid to a gas.\n3. boil at a high temperature.\n4. absorb large amounts of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Water that evaporates from lakes and streams condenses into clouds and later falls as rain. The property of water that is demonstrated is the ability to", "choices": {"text": ["act as a universal solvent.", "change from a liquid to a gas.", "boil at a high temperature.", "absorb large amounts of energy."], "label": ["S", "X", "V", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water that evaporates from lakes and streams condenses into clouds and later falls as rain. The property of water that is demonstrated is the ability to\nS. act as a universal solvent.\nX. change from a liquid to a gas.\nV. boil at a high temperature.\nD. absorb large amounts of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Water that evaporates from lakes and streams condenses into clouds and later falls as rain. The property of water that is demonstrated is the ability to", "choices": {"text": ["change from a liquid to a gas.", "act as a universal solvent.", "boil at a high temperature.", "absorb large amounts of energy."], "label": ["S", "X", "V", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Water that evaporates from lakes and streams condenses into clouds and later falls as rain. The property of water that is demonstrated is the ability to\nS. change from a liquid to a gas.\nX. act as a universal solvent.\nV. boil at a high temperature.\nD. absorb large amounts of energy.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2772}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2009_5_14", "question": "The top layers of soil are important because they -", "choices": {"text": ["prevent earthquakes", "give plants nutrients", "protect the bedrock", "make walking easier"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The top layers of soil are important because they -\nA. prevent earthquakes\nB. give plants nutrients\nC. protect the bedrock\nD. make walking easier\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The top layers of soil are important because they -", "choices": {"text": ["make walking easier", "prevent earthquakes", "give plants nutrients", "protect the bedrock"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The top layers of soil are important because they -\nA. make walking easier\nB. prevent earthquakes\nC. give plants nutrients\nD. protect the bedrock\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The top layers of soil are important because they -", "choices": {"text": ["prevent earthquakes", "give plants nutrients", "protect the bedrock", "make walking easier"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The top layers of soil are important because they -\n1. prevent earthquakes\n2. give plants nutrients\n3. protect the bedrock\n4. make walking easier\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The top layers of soil are important because they -", "choices": {"text": ["prevent earthquakes", "give plants nutrients", "protect the bedrock", "make walking easier"], "label": ["P", "T", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: The top layers of soil are important because they -\nP. prevent earthquakes\nT. give plants nutrients\nA. protect the bedrock\nH. make walking easier\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The top layers of soil are important because they -", "choices": {"text": ["make walking easier", "prevent earthquakes", "give plants nutrients", "protect the bedrock"], "label": ["P", "T", "A", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: The top layers of soil are important because they -\nP. make walking easier\nT. prevent earthquakes\nA. give plants nutrients\nH. protect the bedrock\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2773}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400589", "question": "A scientific guess about the cause and effect of an event is called", "choices": {"text": ["a variable.", "a theory.", "a hypothesis.", "an observation."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific guess about the cause and effect of an event is called\nA. a variable.\nB. a theory.\nC. a hypothesis.\nD. an observation.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific guess about the cause and effect of an event is called", "choices": {"text": ["a variable.", "a theory.", "an observation.", "a hypothesis."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific guess about the cause and effect of an event is called\nA. a variable.\nB. a theory.\nC. an observation.\nD. a hypothesis.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific guess about the cause and effect of an event is called", "choices": {"text": ["a variable.", "a theory.", "a hypothesis.", "an observation."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific guess about the cause and effect of an event is called\n1. a variable.\n2. a theory.\n3. a hypothesis.\n4. an observation.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific guess about the cause and effect of an event is called", "choices": {"text": ["a variable.", "a theory.", "a hypothesis.", "an observation."], "label": ["R", "T", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific guess about the cause and effect of an event is called\nR. a variable.\nT. a theory.\nX. a hypothesis.\nQ. an observation.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A scientific guess about the cause and effect of an event is called", "choices": {"text": ["a variable.", "a theory.", "an observation.", "a hypothesis."], "label": ["R", "T", "X", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: A scientific guess about the cause and effect of an event is called\nR. a variable.\nT. a theory.\nX. an observation.\nQ. a hypothesis.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2774}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_1995_8_I11", "question": "What features do all insects have?", "choices": {"text": ["Number of LEGS 2 Number of BODY PARTS 4", "Number of LEGS 4 Number of BODY PARTS 2", "Number of LEGS 6 Number of BODY PARTS 3", "Number of LEGS 8 Number of BODY PARTS 3"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What features do all insects have?\nA. Number of LEGS 2 Number of BODY PARTS 4\nB. Number of LEGS 4 Number of BODY PARTS 2\nC. Number of LEGS 6 Number of BODY PARTS 3\nD. Number of LEGS 8 Number of BODY PARTS 3\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What features do all insects have?", "choices": {"text": ["Number of LEGS 8 Number of BODY PARTS 3", "Number of LEGS 2 Number of BODY PARTS 4", "Number of LEGS 4 Number of BODY PARTS 2", "Number of LEGS 6 Number of BODY PARTS 3"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What features do all insects have?\nA. Number of LEGS 8 Number of BODY PARTS 3\nB. Number of LEGS 2 Number of BODY PARTS 4\nC. Number of LEGS 4 Number of BODY PARTS 2\nD. Number of LEGS 6 Number of BODY PARTS 3\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What features do all insects have?", "choices": {"text": ["Number of LEGS 2 Number of BODY PARTS 4", "Number of LEGS 4 Number of BODY PARTS 2", "Number of LEGS 6 Number of BODY PARTS 3", "Number of LEGS 8 Number of BODY PARTS 3"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What features do all insects have?\n1. Number of LEGS 2 Number of BODY PARTS 4\n2. Number of LEGS 4 Number of BODY PARTS 2\n3. Number of LEGS 6 Number of BODY PARTS 3\n4. Number of LEGS 8 Number of BODY PARTS 3\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What features do all insects have?", "choices": {"text": ["Number of LEGS 2 Number of BODY PARTS 4", "Number of LEGS 4 Number of BODY PARTS 2", "Number of LEGS 6 Number of BODY PARTS 3", "Number of LEGS 8 Number of BODY PARTS 3"], "label": ["N", "O", "D", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What features do all insects have?\nN. Number of LEGS 2 Number of BODY PARTS 4\nO. Number of LEGS 4 Number of BODY PARTS 2\nD. Number of LEGS 6 Number of BODY PARTS 3\nA. Number of LEGS 8 Number of BODY PARTS 3\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What features do all insects have?", "choices": {"text": ["Number of LEGS 8 Number of BODY PARTS 3", "Number of LEGS 2 Number of BODY PARTS 4", "Number of LEGS 4 Number of BODY PARTS 2", "Number of LEGS 6 Number of BODY PARTS 3"], "label": ["N", "O", "D", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: What features do all insects have?\nN. Number of LEGS 8 Number of BODY PARTS 3\nO. Number of LEGS 2 Number of BODY PARTS 4\nD. Number of LEGS 4 Number of BODY PARTS 2\nA. Number of LEGS 6 Number of BODY PARTS 3\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2775}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2000_8_30", "question": "How does a mushroom obtain energy?", "choices": {"text": ["by attaching to green plants and taking the plants' food", "by combining carbon dioxide and water to make its own food", "by absorbing matter from dead organisms to use as food", "by attacking bacteria and using the bacteria as food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does a mushroom obtain energy?\nA. by attaching to green plants and taking the plants' food\nB. by combining carbon dioxide and water to make its own food\nC. by absorbing matter from dead organisms to use as food\nD. by attacking bacteria and using the bacteria as food\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How does a mushroom obtain energy?", "choices": {"text": ["by attaching to green plants and taking the plants' food", "by absorbing matter from dead organisms to use as food", "by attacking bacteria and using the bacteria as food", "by combining carbon dioxide and water to make its own food"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does a mushroom obtain energy?\nA. by attaching to green plants and taking the plants' food\nB. by absorbing matter from dead organisms to use as food\nC. by attacking bacteria and using the bacteria as food\nD. by combining carbon dioxide and water to make its own food\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How does a mushroom obtain energy?", "choices": {"text": ["by attaching to green plants and taking the plants' food", "by combining carbon dioxide and water to make its own food", "by absorbing matter from dead organisms to use as food", "by attacking bacteria and using the bacteria as food"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does a mushroom obtain energy?\n1. by attaching to green plants and taking the plants' food\n2. by combining carbon dioxide and water to make its own food\n3. by absorbing matter from dead organisms to use as food\n4. by attacking bacteria and using the bacteria as food\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How does a mushroom obtain energy?", "choices": {"text": ["by attaching to green plants and taking the plants' food", "by combining carbon dioxide and water to make its own food", "by absorbing matter from dead organisms to use as food", "by attacking bacteria and using the bacteria as food"], "label": ["K", "Y", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does a mushroom obtain energy?\nK. by attaching to green plants and taking the plants' food\nY. by combining carbon dioxide and water to make its own food\nO. by absorbing matter from dead organisms to use as food\nN. by attacking bacteria and using the bacteria as food\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How does a mushroom obtain energy?", "choices": {"text": ["by attaching to green plants and taking the plants' food", "by absorbing matter from dead organisms to use as food", "by attacking bacteria and using the bacteria as food", "by combining carbon dioxide and water to make its own food"], "label": ["K", "Y", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: How does a mushroom obtain energy?\nK. by attaching to green plants and taking the plants' food\nY. by absorbing matter from dead organisms to use as food\nO. by attacking bacteria and using the bacteria as food\nN. by combining carbon dioxide and water to make its own food\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2776}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7171553", "question": "Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical composition", "distance from Earth", "temperature", "brightness"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?\nA. chemical composition\nB. distance from Earth\nC. temperature\nD. brightness\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature", "brightness", "distance from Earth", "chemical composition"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?\nA. temperature\nB. brightness\nC. distance from Earth\nD. chemical composition\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical composition", "distance from Earth", "temperature", "brightness"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?\n1. chemical composition\n2. distance from Earth\n3. temperature\n4. brightness\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["chemical composition", "distance from Earth", "temperature", "brightness"], "label": ["W", "G", "B", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?\nW. chemical composition\nG. distance from Earth\nB. temperature\nD. brightness\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["temperature", "brightness", "distance from Earth", "chemical composition"], "label": ["W", "G", "B", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Three main sequence stars are being compared. Which characteristic would these three stars most likely have in common?\nW. temperature\nG. brightness\nB. distance from Earth\nD. chemical composition\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2777}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7190015", "question": "Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?", "choices": {"text": ["a giant tsunami", "a strong earthquake", "a powerful hurricane", "a large volcanic eruption"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?\nA. a giant tsunami\nB. a strong earthquake\nC. a powerful hurricane\nD. a large volcanic eruption\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?", "choices": {"text": ["a powerful hurricane", "a giant tsunami", "a large volcanic eruption", "a strong earthquake"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?\nA. a powerful hurricane\nB. a giant tsunami\nC. a large volcanic eruption\nD. a strong earthquake\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?", "choices": {"text": ["a giant tsunami", "a strong earthquake", "a powerful hurricane", "a large volcanic eruption"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?\n1. a giant tsunami\n2. a strong earthquake\n3. a powerful hurricane\n4. a large volcanic eruption\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?", "choices": {"text": ["a giant tsunami", "a strong earthquake", "a powerful hurricane", "a large volcanic eruption"], "label": ["C", "S", "Y", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?\nC. a giant tsunami\nS. a strong earthquake\nY. a powerful hurricane\nA. a large volcanic eruption\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?", "choices": {"text": ["a powerful hurricane", "a giant tsunami", "a large volcanic eruption", "a strong earthquake"], "label": ["C", "S", "Y", "A"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?\nC. a powerful hurricane\nS. a giant tsunami\nY. a large volcanic eruption\nA. a strong earthquake\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2778}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7032830", "question": "What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun", "an asteroid", "a comet", "a terrestrial planet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?\nA. the Sun\nB. an asteroid\nC. a comet\nD. a terrestrial planet\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["a terrestrial planet", "a comet", "the Sun", "an asteroid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?\nA. a terrestrial planet\nB. a comet\nC. the Sun\nD. an asteroid\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun", "an asteroid", "a comet", "a terrestrial planet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?\n1. the Sun\n2. an asteroid\n3. a comet\n4. a terrestrial planet\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["the Sun", "an asteroid", "a comet", "a terrestrial planet"], "label": ["E", "S", "C", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?\nE. the Sun\nS. an asteroid\nC. a comet\nG. a terrestrial planet\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?", "choices": {"text": ["a terrestrial planet", "a comet", "the Sun", "an asteroid"], "label": ["E", "S", "C", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: What object is made of hot gas and is the most massive object in our solar system?\nE. a terrestrial planet\nS. a comet\nC. the Sun\nG. an asteroid\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2779}
{"arc_id": "AIMS_2008_4_17", "question": "Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?", "choices": {"text": ["flooding", "earthquake", "wind erosion", "volcanic eruption"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?\nA. flooding\nB. earthquake\nC. wind erosion\nD. volcanic eruption\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?", "choices": {"text": ["wind erosion", "volcanic eruption", "earthquake", "flooding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?\nA. wind erosion\nB. volcanic eruption\nC. earthquake\nD. flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?", "choices": {"text": ["flooding", "earthquake", "wind erosion", "volcanic eruption"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?\n1. flooding\n2. earthquake\n3. wind erosion\n4. volcanic eruption\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?", "choices": {"text": ["flooding", "earthquake", "wind erosion", "volcanic eruption"], "label": ["Z", "T", "W", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?\nZ. flooding\nT. earthquake\nW. wind erosion\nJ. volcanic eruption\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?", "choices": {"text": ["wind erosion", "volcanic eruption", "earthquake", "flooding"], "label": ["Z", "T", "W", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is a slow process that changes Earth's surface?\nZ. wind erosion\nT. volcanic eruption\nW. earthquake\nJ. flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2780}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7271618", "question": "Which of the following is the greatest source of wild fish for human populations?", "choices": {"text": ["ponds", "lakes", "rivers", "oceans"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the greatest source of wild fish for human populations?\nA. ponds\nB. lakes\nC. rivers\nD. oceans\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the greatest source of wild fish for human populations?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans", "lakes", "rivers", "ponds"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the greatest source of wild fish for human populations?\nA. oceans\nB. lakes\nC. rivers\nD. ponds\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the greatest source of wild fish for human populations?", "choices": {"text": ["ponds", "lakes", "rivers", "oceans"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the greatest source of wild fish for human populations?\n1. ponds\n2. lakes\n3. rivers\n4. oceans\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the greatest source of wild fish for human populations?", "choices": {"text": ["ponds", "lakes", "rivers", "oceans"], "label": ["S", "I", "F", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the greatest source of wild fish for human populations?\nS. ponds\nI. lakes\nF. rivers\nL. oceans\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following is the greatest source of wild fish for human populations?", "choices": {"text": ["oceans", "lakes", "rivers", "ponds"], "label": ["S", "I", "F", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following is the greatest source of wild fish for human populations?\nS. oceans\nI. lakes\nF. rivers\nL. ponds\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2781}
{"arc_id": "NCEOGA_2013_8_46", "question": "Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?", "choices": {"text": ["the land drained by a river and its tributaries", "the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes", "the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean", "the land formed as a result of a river flooding"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?\nA. the land drained by a river and its tributaries\nB. the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes\nC. the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean\nD. the land formed as a result of a river flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?", "choices": {"text": ["the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean", "the land formed as a result of a river flooding", "the land drained by a river and its tributaries", "the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?\nA. the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean\nB. the land formed as a result of a river flooding\nC. the land drained by a river and its tributaries\nD. the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?", "choices": {"text": ["the land drained by a river and its tributaries", "the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes", "the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean", "the land formed as a result of a river flooding"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?\n1. the land drained by a river and its tributaries\n2. the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes\n3. the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean\n4. the land formed as a result of a river flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?", "choices": {"text": ["the land drained by a river and its tributaries", "the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes", "the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean", "the land formed as a result of a river flooding"], "label": ["L", "A", "R", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?\nL. the land drained by a river and its tributaries\nA. the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes\nR. the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean\nF. the land formed as a result of a river flooding\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?", "choices": {"text": ["the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean", "the land formed as a result of a river flooding", "the land drained by a river and its tributaries", "the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes"], "label": ["L", "A", "R", "F"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which best describes the characteristics of a river basin?\nL. the land at the mouth of a river where water flows into the ocean\nA. the land formed as a result of a river flooding\nR. the land drained by a river and its tributaries\nF. the land formed when rivers create estuaries and marshes\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2782}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7084560", "question": "Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is", "choices": {"text": ["brighter than the Sun.", "larger than Earth.", "colder than Earth.", "closer than the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is\nA. brighter than the Sun.\nB. larger than Earth.\nC. colder than Earth.\nD. closer than the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is", "choices": {"text": ["colder than Earth.", "larger than Earth.", "closer than the Sun.", "brighter than the Sun."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is\nA. colder than Earth.\nB. larger than Earth.\nC. closer than the Sun.\nD. brighter than the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is", "choices": {"text": ["brighter than the Sun.", "larger than Earth.", "colder than Earth.", "closer than the Sun."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is\n1. brighter than the Sun.\n2. larger than Earth.\n3. colder than Earth.\n4. closer than the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is", "choices": {"text": ["brighter than the Sun.", "larger than Earth.", "colder than Earth.", "closer than the Sun."], "label": ["B", "E", "Q", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is\nB. brighter than the Sun.\nE. larger than Earth.\nQ. colder than Earth.\nC. closer than the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is", "choices": {"text": ["colder than Earth.", "larger than Earth.", "closer than the Sun.", "brighter than the Sun."], "label": ["B", "E", "Q", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: Tides on Earth are influenced more by the Moon than the Sun because the Moon is\nB. colder than Earth.\nE. larger than Earth.\nQ. closer than the Sun.\nC. brighter than the Sun.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2783}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2005_8_35", "question": "When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs?", "choices": {"text": ["a cloud", "a rainbow", "a sunset", "a tornado"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs?\nA. a cloud\nB. a rainbow\nC. a sunset\nD. a tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs?", "choices": {"text": ["a sunset", "a rainbow", "a tornado", "a cloud"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs?\nA. a sunset\nB. a rainbow\nC. a tornado\nD. a cloud\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs?", "choices": {"text": ["a cloud", "a rainbow", "a sunset", "a tornado"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs?\n1. a cloud\n2. a rainbow\n3. a sunset\n4. a tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs?", "choices": {"text": ["a cloud", "a rainbow", "a sunset", "a tornado"], "label": ["D", "J", "A", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs?\nD. a cloud\nJ. a rainbow\nA. a sunset\nG. a tornado\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs?", "choices": {"text": ["a sunset", "a rainbow", "a tornado", "a cloud"], "label": ["D", "J", "A", "G"]}, "prompt": "Question: When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter, warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some of the water vapor in it condenses. Which of the following will most likely form as this occurs?\nD. a sunset\nJ. a rainbow\nA. a tornado\nG. a cloud\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2784}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7202388", "question": "Herbivores that evolved on grassy plains are likely to naturally select for traits different than herbivores that evolved in rain forests. Which trait is a plains herbivore most likely to develop over thousands of years?", "choices": {"text": ["long legs for running", "sharp claws for climbing", "webbed feet for swimming", "prehensile tail for hanging from trees"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Herbivores that evolved on grassy plains are likely to naturally select for traits different than herbivores that evolved in rain forests. Which trait is a plains herbivore most likely to develop over thousands of years?\nA. long legs for running\nB. sharp claws for climbing\nC. webbed feet for swimming\nD. prehensile tail for hanging from trees\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Herbivores that evolved on grassy plains are likely to naturally select for traits different than herbivores that evolved in rain forests. Which trait is a plains herbivore most likely to develop over thousands of years?", "choices": {"text": ["webbed feet for swimming", "sharp claws for climbing", "long legs for running", "prehensile tail for hanging from trees"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Herbivores that evolved on grassy plains are likely to naturally select for traits different than herbivores that evolved in rain forests. Which trait is a plains herbivore most likely to develop over thousands of years?\nA. webbed feet for swimming\nB. sharp claws for climbing\nC. long legs for running\nD. prehensile tail for hanging from trees\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Herbivores that evolved on grassy plains are likely to naturally select for traits different than herbivores that evolved in rain forests. Which trait is a plains herbivore most likely to develop over thousands of years?", "choices": {"text": ["long legs for running", "sharp claws for climbing", "webbed feet for swimming", "prehensile tail for hanging from trees"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Herbivores that evolved on grassy plains are likely to naturally select for traits different than herbivores that evolved in rain forests. Which trait is a plains herbivore most likely to develop over thousands of years?\n1. long legs for running\n2. sharp claws for climbing\n3. webbed feet for swimming\n4. prehensile tail for hanging from trees\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Herbivores that evolved on grassy plains are likely to naturally select for traits different than herbivores that evolved in rain forests. Which trait is a plains herbivore most likely to develop over thousands of years?", "choices": {"text": ["long legs for running", "sharp claws for climbing", "webbed feet for swimming", "prehensile tail for hanging from trees"], "label": ["O", "V", "G", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Herbivores that evolved on grassy plains are likely to naturally select for traits different than herbivores that evolved in rain forests. Which trait is a plains herbivore most likely to develop over thousands of years?\nO. long legs for running\nV. sharp claws for climbing\nG. webbed feet for swimming\nH. prehensile tail for hanging from trees\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Herbivores that evolved on grassy plains are likely to naturally select for traits different than herbivores that evolved in rain forests. Which trait is a plains herbivore most likely to develop over thousands of years?", "choices": {"text": ["webbed feet for swimming", "sharp claws for climbing", "long legs for running", "prehensile tail for hanging from trees"], "label": ["O", "V", "G", "H"]}, "prompt": "Question: Herbivores that evolved on grassy plains are likely to naturally select for traits different than herbivores that evolved in rain forests. Which trait is a plains herbivore most likely to develop over thousands of years?\nO. webbed feet for swimming\nV. sharp claws for climbing\nG. long legs for running\nH. prehensile tail for hanging from trees\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2785}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7210403", "question": "A student writes the following statement in a journal: \"It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.\" This statement best describes which system?", "choices": {"text": ["local weather", "local climate", "regional weather", "regional climate"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student writes the following statement in a journal: \"It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.\" This statement best describes which system?\nA. local weather\nB. local climate\nC. regional weather\nD. regional climate\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student writes the following statement in a journal: \"It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.\" This statement best describes which system?", "choices": {"text": ["local climate", "regional climate", "local weather", "regional weather"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student writes the following statement in a journal: \"It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.\" This statement best describes which system?\nA. local climate\nB. regional climate\nC. local weather\nD. regional weather\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student writes the following statement in a journal: \"It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.\" This statement best describes which system?", "choices": {"text": ["local weather", "local climate", "regional weather", "regional climate"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student writes the following statement in a journal: \"It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.\" This statement best describes which system?\n1. local weather\n2. local climate\n3. regional weather\n4. regional climate\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student writes the following statement in a journal: \"It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.\" This statement best describes which system?", "choices": {"text": ["local weather", "local climate", "regional weather", "regional climate"], "label": ["G", "Z", "U", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student writes the following statement in a journal: \"It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.\" This statement best describes which system?\nG. local weather\nZ. local climate\nU. regional weather\nM. regional climate\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student writes the following statement in a journal: \"It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.\" This statement best describes which system?", "choices": {"text": ["local climate", "regional climate", "local weather", "regional weather"], "label": ["G", "Z", "U", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student writes the following statement in a journal: \"It was 84°F at 3 p.m. on Tuesday in the schoolyard.\" This statement best describes which system?\nG. local climate\nZ. regional climate\nU. local weather\nM. regional weather\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2786}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401826", "question": "When using a hot plate, students should not", "choices": {"text": ["leave the hot plate unattended.", "follow the teacher's instructions.", "pull back hair or clothing to avoid contact.", "wear insulated gloves when holding metal materials."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When using a hot plate, students should not\nA. leave the hot plate unattended.\nB. follow the teacher's instructions.\nC. pull back hair or clothing to avoid contact.\nD. wear insulated gloves when holding metal materials.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When using a hot plate, students should not", "choices": {"text": ["pull back hair or clothing to avoid contact.", "wear insulated gloves when holding metal materials.", "follow the teacher's instructions.", "leave the hot plate unattended."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When using a hot plate, students should not\nA. pull back hair or clothing to avoid contact.\nB. wear insulated gloves when holding metal materials.\nC. follow the teacher's instructions.\nD. leave the hot plate unattended.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When using a hot plate, students should not", "choices": {"text": ["leave the hot plate unattended.", "follow the teacher's instructions.", "pull back hair or clothing to avoid contact.", "wear insulated gloves when holding metal materials."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When using a hot plate, students should not\n1. leave the hot plate unattended.\n2. follow the teacher's instructions.\n3. pull back hair or clothing to avoid contact.\n4. wear insulated gloves when holding metal materials.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When using a hot plate, students should not", "choices": {"text": ["leave the hot plate unattended.", "follow the teacher's instructions.", "pull back hair or clothing to avoid contact.", "wear insulated gloves when holding metal materials."], "label": ["M", "P", "R", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: When using a hot plate, students should not\nM. leave the hot plate unattended.\nP. follow the teacher's instructions.\nR. pull back hair or clothing to avoid contact.\nX. wear insulated gloves when holding metal materials.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When using a hot plate, students should not", "choices": {"text": ["pull back hair or clothing to avoid contact.", "wear insulated gloves when holding metal materials.", "follow the teacher's instructions.", "leave the hot plate unattended."], "label": ["M", "P", "R", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: When using a hot plate, students should not\nM. pull back hair or clothing to avoid contact.\nP. wear insulated gloves when holding metal materials.\nR. follow the teacher's instructions.\nX. leave the hot plate unattended.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2787}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7269028", "question": "Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["protons and neutrons", "electrons and protons", "only protons", "only electrons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?\nA. protons and neutrons\nB. electrons and protons\nC. only protons\nD. only electrons\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["only protons", "only electrons", "protons and neutrons", "electrons and protons"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?\nA. only protons\nB. only electrons\nC. protons and neutrons\nD. electrons and protons\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["protons and neutrons", "electrons and protons", "only protons", "only electrons"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?\n1. protons and neutrons\n2. electrons and protons\n3. only protons\n4. only electrons\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["protons and neutrons", "electrons and protons", "only protons", "only electrons"], "label": ["M", "J", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?\nM. protons and neutrons\nJ. electrons and protons\nO. only protons\nN. only electrons\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?", "choices": {"text": ["only protons", "only electrons", "protons and neutrons", "electrons and protons"], "label": ["M", "J", "O", "N"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which subatomic particles are involved in the nuclear fusion that powers the Sun?\nM. only protons\nJ. only electrons\nO. protons and neutrons\nN. electrons and protons\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2788}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_407784", "question": "What do all vertebrate animals have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They all have fur.", "They all have backbones.", "They all are warm-blooded.", "They all have young that look like the adults."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What do all vertebrate animals have in common?\nA. They all have fur.\nB. They all have backbones.\nC. They all are warm-blooded.\nD. They all have young that look like the adults.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What do all vertebrate animals have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They all have young that look like the adults.", "They all are warm-blooded.", "They all have backbones.", "They all have fur."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What do all vertebrate animals have in common?\nA. They all have young that look like the adults.\nB. They all are warm-blooded.\nC. They all have backbones.\nD. They all have fur.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What do all vertebrate animals have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They all have fur.", "They all have backbones.", "They all are warm-blooded.", "They all have young that look like the adults."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What do all vertebrate animals have in common?\n1. They all have fur.\n2. They all have backbones.\n3. They all are warm-blooded.\n4. They all have young that look like the adults.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What do all vertebrate animals have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They all have fur.", "They all have backbones.", "They all are warm-blooded.", "They all have young that look like the adults."], "label": ["C", "X", "I", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What do all vertebrate animals have in common?\nC. They all have fur.\nX. They all have backbones.\nI. They all are warm-blooded.\nP. They all have young that look like the adults.\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What do all vertebrate animals have in common?", "choices": {"text": ["They all have young that look like the adults.", "They all are warm-blooded.", "They all have backbones.", "They all have fur."], "label": ["C", "X", "I", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: What do all vertebrate animals have in common?\nC. They all have young that look like the adults.\nX. They all are warm-blooded.\nI. They all have backbones.\nP. They all have fur.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2789}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7042508", "question": "When astronomers want to measure the distance between nearby stars, they often use", "choices": {"text": ["quasars.", "parallax.", "visible light.", "spectrographs."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When astronomers want to measure the distance between nearby stars, they often use\nA. quasars.\nB. parallax.\nC. visible light.\nD. spectrographs.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "When astronomers want to measure the distance between nearby stars, they often use", "choices": {"text": ["parallax.", "quasars.", "spectrographs.", "visible light."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: When astronomers want to measure the distance between nearby stars, they often use\nA. parallax.\nB. quasars.\nC. spectrographs.\nD. visible light.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "When astronomers want to measure the distance between nearby stars, they often use", "choices": {"text": ["quasars.", "parallax.", "visible light.", "spectrographs."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: When astronomers want to measure the distance between nearby stars, they often use\n1. quasars.\n2. parallax.\n3. visible light.\n4. spectrographs.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When astronomers want to measure the distance between nearby stars, they often use", "choices": {"text": ["quasars.", "parallax.", "visible light.", "spectrographs."], "label": ["S", "M", "J", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: When astronomers want to measure the distance between nearby stars, they often use\nS. quasars.\nM. parallax.\nJ. visible light.\nU. spectrographs.\nAnswer:", "label": "M", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "When astronomers want to measure the distance between nearby stars, they often use", "choices": {"text": ["parallax.", "quasars.", "spectrographs.", "visible light."], "label": ["S", "M", "J", "U"]}, "prompt": "Question: When astronomers want to measure the distance between nearby stars, they often use\nS. parallax.\nM. quasars.\nJ. spectrographs.\nU. visible light.\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2790}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7271443", "question": "Which of these is the best evidence that Earth's continental landmasses drifted apart over time?", "choices": {"text": ["the fossil record along the edges of continents", "the rocky coastlines at the edges of continents", "the distribution of biomes on all the continents", "the prevalence of granite on all the continents"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best evidence that Earth's continental landmasses drifted apart over time?\nA. the fossil record along the edges of continents\nB. the rocky coastlines at the edges of continents\nC. the distribution of biomes on all the continents\nD. the prevalence of granite on all the continents\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best evidence that Earth's continental landmasses drifted apart over time?", "choices": {"text": ["the prevalence of granite on all the continents", "the distribution of biomes on all the continents", "the rocky coastlines at the edges of continents", "the fossil record along the edges of continents"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best evidence that Earth's continental landmasses drifted apart over time?\nA. the prevalence of granite on all the continents\nB. the distribution of biomes on all the continents\nC. the rocky coastlines at the edges of continents\nD. the fossil record along the edges of continents\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best evidence that Earth's continental landmasses drifted apart over time?", "choices": {"text": ["the fossil record along the edges of continents", "the rocky coastlines at the edges of continents", "the distribution of biomes on all the continents", "the prevalence of granite on all the continents"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best evidence that Earth's continental landmasses drifted apart over time?\n1. the fossil record along the edges of continents\n2. the rocky coastlines at the edges of continents\n3. the distribution of biomes on all the continents\n4. the prevalence of granite on all the continents\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best evidence that Earth's continental landmasses drifted apart over time?", "choices": {"text": ["the fossil record along the edges of continents", "the rocky coastlines at the edges of continents", "the distribution of biomes on all the continents", "the prevalence of granite on all the continents"], "label": ["C", "S", "W", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best evidence that Earth's continental landmasses drifted apart over time?\nC. the fossil record along the edges of continents\nS. the rocky coastlines at the edges of continents\nW. the distribution of biomes on all the continents\nP. the prevalence of granite on all the continents\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best evidence that Earth's continental landmasses drifted apart over time?", "choices": {"text": ["the prevalence of granite on all the continents", "the distribution of biomes on all the continents", "the rocky coastlines at the edges of continents", "the fossil record along the edges of continents"], "label": ["C", "S", "W", "P"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best evidence that Earth's continental landmasses drifted apart over time?\nC. the prevalence of granite on all the continents\nS. the distribution of biomes on all the continents\nW. the rocky coastlines at the edges of continents\nP. the fossil record along the edges of continents\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2791}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2003_8_pg98", "question": "In humans, where does the absorption of food into the blood stream mainly take place?", "choices": {"text": ["stomach", "mouth", "large intestines", "small intestines"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In humans, where does the absorption of food into the blood stream mainly take place?\nA. stomach\nB. mouth\nC. large intestines\nD. small intestines\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In humans, where does the absorption of food into the blood stream mainly take place?", "choices": {"text": ["mouth", "large intestines", "small intestines", "stomach"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In humans, where does the absorption of food into the blood stream mainly take place?\nA. mouth\nB. large intestines\nC. small intestines\nD. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In humans, where does the absorption of food into the blood stream mainly take place?", "choices": {"text": ["stomach", "mouth", "large intestines", "small intestines"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In humans, where does the absorption of food into the blood stream mainly take place?\n1. stomach\n2. mouth\n3. large intestines\n4. small intestines\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In humans, where does the absorption of food into the blood stream mainly take place?", "choices": {"text": ["stomach", "mouth", "large intestines", "small intestines"], "label": ["G", "S", "Y", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: In humans, where does the absorption of food into the blood stream mainly take place?\nG. stomach\nS. mouth\nY. large intestines\nT. small intestines\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In humans, where does the absorption of food into the blood stream mainly take place?", "choices": {"text": ["mouth", "large intestines", "small intestines", "stomach"], "label": ["G", "S", "Y", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: In humans, where does the absorption of food into the blood stream mainly take place?\nG. mouth\nS. large intestines\nY. small intestines\nT. stomach\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2792}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7029873", "question": "Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["using too much fertilizer in agriculture", "cutting down large areas of tropical forests", "burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline", "using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?\nA. using too much fertilizer in agriculture\nB. cutting down large areas of tropical forests\nC. burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline\nD. using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline", "cutting down large areas of tropical forests", "using too much fertilizer in agriculture", "using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?\nA. burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline\nB. cutting down large areas of tropical forests\nC. using too much fertilizer in agriculture\nD. using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["using too much fertilizer in agriculture", "cutting down large areas of tropical forests", "burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline", "using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?\n1. using too much fertilizer in agriculture\n2. cutting down large areas of tropical forests\n3. burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline\n4. using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["using too much fertilizer in agriculture", "cutting down large areas of tropical forests", "burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline", "using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere"], "label": ["J", "L", "S", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?\nJ. using too much fertilizer in agriculture\nL. cutting down large areas of tropical forests\nS. burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline\nE. using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?", "choices": {"text": ["burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline", "cutting down large areas of tropical forests", "using too much fertilizer in agriculture", "using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere"], "label": ["J", "L", "S", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?\nJ. burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline\nL. cutting down large areas of tropical forests\nS. using too much fertilizer in agriculture\nE. using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2793}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7228323", "question": "What procedure should be performed after any handling of a plant sample in a lab?", "choices": {"text": ["applying disinfectant to the counters", "throwing away plant material in the trash", "washing hands with an antibacterial soap", "placing hands under an ultraviolet light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What procedure should be performed after any handling of a plant sample in a lab?\nA. applying disinfectant to the counters\nB. throwing away plant material in the trash\nC. washing hands with an antibacterial soap\nD. placing hands under an ultraviolet light\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "What procedure should be performed after any handling of a plant sample in a lab?", "choices": {"text": ["washing hands with an antibacterial soap", "throwing away plant material in the trash", "applying disinfectant to the counters", "placing hands under an ultraviolet light"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: What procedure should be performed after any handling of a plant sample in a lab?\nA. washing hands with an antibacterial soap\nB. throwing away plant material in the trash\nC. applying disinfectant to the counters\nD. placing hands under an ultraviolet light\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "What procedure should be performed after any handling of a plant sample in a lab?", "choices": {"text": ["applying disinfectant to the counters", "throwing away plant material in the trash", "washing hands with an antibacterial soap", "placing hands under an ultraviolet light"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: What procedure should be performed after any handling of a plant sample in a lab?\n1. applying disinfectant to the counters\n2. throwing away plant material in the trash\n3. washing hands with an antibacterial soap\n4. placing hands under an ultraviolet light\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What procedure should be performed after any handling of a plant sample in a lab?", "choices": {"text": ["applying disinfectant to the counters", "throwing away plant material in the trash", "washing hands with an antibacterial soap", "placing hands under an ultraviolet light"], "label": ["I", "B", "J", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: What procedure should be performed after any handling of a plant sample in a lab?\nI. applying disinfectant to the counters\nB. throwing away plant material in the trash\nJ. washing hands with an antibacterial soap\nL. placing hands under an ultraviolet light\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "What procedure should be performed after any handling of a plant sample in a lab?", "choices": {"text": ["washing hands with an antibacterial soap", "throwing away plant material in the trash", "applying disinfectant to the counters", "placing hands under an ultraviolet light"], "label": ["I", "B", "J", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: What procedure should be performed after any handling of a plant sample in a lab?\nI. washing hands with an antibacterial soap\nB. throwing away plant material in the trash\nJ. applying disinfectant to the counters\nL. placing hands under an ultraviolet light\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2794}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7217140", "question": "In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?", "choices": {"text": ["the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track", "the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road", "the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley", "the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?\nA. the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track\nB. the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road\nC. the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley\nD. the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?", "choices": {"text": ["the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track", "the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road", "the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley", "the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?\nA. the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track\nB. the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road\nC. the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley\nD. the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?", "choices": {"text": ["the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track", "the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road", "the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley", "the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?\n1. the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track\n2. the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road\n3. the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley\n4. the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?", "choices": {"text": ["the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track", "the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road", "the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley", "the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley"], "label": ["M", "N", "U", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?\nM. the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track\nN. the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road\nU. the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley\nQ. the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?", "choices": {"text": ["the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track", "the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road", "the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley", "the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley"], "label": ["M", "N", "U", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which of the following cases would a decrease in friction be most beneficial?\nM. the friction between the shoes of a jogger and the jogging track\nN. the friction between the wheels of a car and the surface of a road\nU. the friction between a rotating pulley and the rope that is used with the pulley\nQ. the friction between a rotating pulley and the axle that supports the pulley\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2795}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400515", "question": "Decayed prehistoric plants have helped in the formation of", "choices": {"text": ["coal, oil, and gas.", "coal, shale, and quartz.", "shale, quartz, and coal.", "oil, shale, and granite."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decayed prehistoric plants have helped in the formation of\nA. coal, oil, and gas.\nB. coal, shale, and quartz.\nC. shale, quartz, and coal.\nD. oil, shale, and granite.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Decayed prehistoric plants have helped in the formation of", "choices": {"text": ["oil, shale, and granite.", "shale, quartz, and coal.", "coal, oil, and gas.", "coal, shale, and quartz."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decayed prehistoric plants have helped in the formation of\nA. oil, shale, and granite.\nB. shale, quartz, and coal.\nC. coal, oil, and gas.\nD. coal, shale, and quartz.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Decayed prehistoric plants have helped in the formation of", "choices": {"text": ["coal, oil, and gas.", "coal, shale, and quartz.", "shale, quartz, and coal.", "oil, shale, and granite."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decayed prehistoric plants have helped in the formation of\n1. coal, oil, and gas.\n2. coal, shale, and quartz.\n3. shale, quartz, and coal.\n4. oil, shale, and granite.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Decayed prehistoric plants have helped in the formation of", "choices": {"text": ["coal, oil, and gas.", "coal, shale, and quartz.", "shale, quartz, and coal.", "oil, shale, and granite."], "label": ["H", "Y", "P", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decayed prehistoric plants have helped in the formation of\nH. coal, oil, and gas.\nY. coal, shale, and quartz.\nP. shale, quartz, and coal.\nD. oil, shale, and granite.\nAnswer:", "label": "H", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Decayed prehistoric plants have helped in the formation of", "choices": {"text": ["oil, shale, and granite.", "shale, quartz, and coal.", "coal, oil, and gas.", "coal, shale, and quartz."], "label": ["H", "Y", "P", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Decayed prehistoric plants have helped in the formation of\nH. oil, shale, and granite.\nY. shale, quartz, and coal.\nP. coal, oil, and gas.\nD. coal, shale, and quartz.\nAnswer:", "label": "P", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2796}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2003_8_13", "question": "Oxygen and sugar are the products of", "choices": {"text": ["cell division.", "digestion.", "photosynthesis.", "respiration."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oxygen and sugar are the products of\nA. cell division.\nB. digestion.\nC. photosynthesis.\nD. respiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Oxygen and sugar are the products of", "choices": {"text": ["cell division.", "respiration.", "digestion.", "photosynthesis."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oxygen and sugar are the products of\nA. cell division.\nB. respiration.\nC. digestion.\nD. photosynthesis.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Oxygen and sugar are the products of", "choices": {"text": ["cell division.", "digestion.", "photosynthesis.", "respiration."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oxygen and sugar are the products of\n1. cell division.\n2. digestion.\n3. photosynthesis.\n4. respiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Oxygen and sugar are the products of", "choices": {"text": ["cell division.", "digestion.", "photosynthesis.", "respiration."], "label": ["Z", "A", "D", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oxygen and sugar are the products of\nZ. cell division.\nA. digestion.\nD. photosynthesis.\nL. respiration.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Oxygen and sugar are the products of", "choices": {"text": ["cell division.", "respiration.", "digestion.", "photosynthesis."], "label": ["Z", "A", "D", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: Oxygen and sugar are the products of\nZ. cell division.\nA. respiration.\nD. digestion.\nL. photosynthesis.\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2797}
{"arc_id": "OHAT_2009_5_4", "question": "Scientists often work together to solve a problem. Sometimes they work in laboratories. Sometimes they are outside doing fieldwork. The chart provides a list of some careers in science. Which scientists might work together to save a polluted wetland?", "choices": {"text": ["chemist, botanist and ecologist", "astronomer, ecologist and physicist", "physicist, paleontologist and chemist", "botanist, astronomer and paleontologist"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists often work together to solve a problem. Sometimes they work in laboratories. Sometimes they are outside doing fieldwork. The chart provides a list of some careers in science. Which scientists might work together to save a polluted wetland?\nA. chemist, botanist and ecologist\nB. astronomer, ecologist and physicist\nC. physicist, paleontologist and chemist\nD. botanist, astronomer and paleontologist\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists often work together to solve a problem. Sometimes they work in laboratories. Sometimes they are outside doing fieldwork. The chart provides a list of some careers in science. Which scientists might work together to save a polluted wetland?", "choices": {"text": ["astronomer, ecologist and physicist", "chemist, botanist and ecologist", "physicist, paleontologist and chemist", "botanist, astronomer and paleontologist"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists often work together to solve a problem. Sometimes they work in laboratories. Sometimes they are outside doing fieldwork. The chart provides a list of some careers in science. Which scientists might work together to save a polluted wetland?\nA. astronomer, ecologist and physicist\nB. chemist, botanist and ecologist\nC. physicist, paleontologist and chemist\nD. botanist, astronomer and paleontologist\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists often work together to solve a problem. Sometimes they work in laboratories. Sometimes they are outside doing fieldwork. The chart provides a list of some careers in science. Which scientists might work together to save a polluted wetland?", "choices": {"text": ["chemist, botanist and ecologist", "astronomer, ecologist and physicist", "physicist, paleontologist and chemist", "botanist, astronomer and paleontologist"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists often work together to solve a problem. Sometimes they work in laboratories. Sometimes they are outside doing fieldwork. The chart provides a list of some careers in science. Which scientists might work together to save a polluted wetland?\n1. chemist, botanist and ecologist\n2. astronomer, ecologist and physicist\n3. physicist, paleontologist and chemist\n4. botanist, astronomer and paleontologist\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists often work together to solve a problem. Sometimes they work in laboratories. Sometimes they are outside doing fieldwork. The chart provides a list of some careers in science. Which scientists might work together to save a polluted wetland?", "choices": {"text": ["chemist, botanist and ecologist", "astronomer, ecologist and physicist", "physicist, paleontologist and chemist", "botanist, astronomer and paleontologist"], "label": ["D", "Q", "Y", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists often work together to solve a problem. Sometimes they work in laboratories. Sometimes they are outside doing fieldwork. The chart provides a list of some careers in science. Which scientists might work together to save a polluted wetland?\nD. chemist, botanist and ecologist\nQ. astronomer, ecologist and physicist\nY. physicist, paleontologist and chemist\nX. botanist, astronomer and paleontologist\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists often work together to solve a problem. Sometimes they work in laboratories. Sometimes they are outside doing fieldwork. The chart provides a list of some careers in science. Which scientists might work together to save a polluted wetland?", "choices": {"text": ["astronomer, ecologist and physicist", "chemist, botanist and ecologist", "physicist, paleontologist and chemist", "botanist, astronomer and paleontologist"], "label": ["D", "Q", "Y", "X"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists often work together to solve a problem. Sometimes they work in laboratories. Sometimes they are outside doing fieldwork. The chart provides a list of some careers in science. Which scientists might work together to save a polluted wetland?\nD. astronomer, ecologist and physicist\nQ. chemist, botanist and ecologist\nY. physicist, paleontologist and chemist\nX. botanist, astronomer and paleontologist\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2798}
{"arc_id": "ACTAAP_2012_7_16", "question": "How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?", "choices": {"text": ["22", "23", "44", "46"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?\nA. 22\nB. 23\nC. 44\nD. 46\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?", "choices": {"text": ["44", "22", "46", "23"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?\nA. 44\nB. 22\nC. 46\nD. 23\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?", "choices": {"text": ["22", "23", "44", "46"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?\n1. 22\n2. 23\n3. 44\n4. 46\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?", "choices": {"text": ["22", "23", "44", "46"], "label": ["M", "Q", "D", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?\nM. 22\nQ. 23\nD. 44\nY. 46\nAnswer:", "label": "Y", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?", "choices": {"text": ["44", "22", "46", "23"], "label": ["M", "Q", "D", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: How many chromosomes are found in a fertilized human egg cell?\nM. 44\nQ. 22\nD. 46\nY. 23\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2799}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7156800", "question": "Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?", "choices": {"text": ["lipid", "glucose", "amino acid", "hydrocarbon"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?\nA. lipid\nB. glucose\nC. amino acid\nD. hydrocarbon\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?", "choices": {"text": ["hydrocarbon", "amino acid", "glucose", "lipid"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?\nA. hydrocarbon\nB. amino acid\nC. glucose\nD. lipid\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?", "choices": {"text": ["lipid", "glucose", "amino acid", "hydrocarbon"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?\n1. lipid\n2. glucose\n3. amino acid\n4. hydrocarbon\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?", "choices": {"text": ["lipid", "glucose", "amino acid", "hydrocarbon"], "label": ["K", "F", "T", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?\nK. lipid\nF. glucose\nT. amino acid\nO. hydrocarbon\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?", "choices": {"text": ["hydrocarbon", "amino acid", "glucose", "lipid"], "label": ["K", "F", "T", "O"]}, "prompt": "Question: Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?\nK. hydrocarbon\nF. amino acid\nT. glucose\nO. lipid\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2800}
{"arc_id": "VASoL_2007_3_32", "question": "Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?", "choices": {"text": ["Decomposer", "Herbivore", "Carnivore", "Producer"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?\nA. Decomposer\nB. Herbivore\nC. Carnivore\nD. Producer\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?", "choices": {"text": ["Carnivore", "Decomposer", "Producer", "Herbivore"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?\nA. Carnivore\nB. Decomposer\nC. Producer\nD. Herbivore\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?", "choices": {"text": ["Decomposer", "Herbivore", "Carnivore", "Producer"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?\n1. Decomposer\n2. Herbivore\n3. Carnivore\n4. Producer\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?", "choices": {"text": ["Decomposer", "Herbivore", "Carnivore", "Producer"], "label": ["D", "V", "Q", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?\nD. Decomposer\nV. Herbivore\nQ. Carnivore\nS. Producer\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?", "choices": {"text": ["Carnivore", "Decomposer", "Producer", "Herbivore"], "label": ["D", "V", "Q", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?\nD. Carnivore\nV. Decomposer\nQ. Producer\nS. Herbivore\nAnswer:", "label": "S", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2801}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416126", "question": "Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?", "choices": {"text": ["the digestive system and the circulatory system", "the circulatory system and the respiratory system", "the respiratory system and the skeletal system", "the skeletal system and the digestive system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?\nA. the digestive system and the circulatory system\nB. the circulatory system and the respiratory system\nC. the respiratory system and the skeletal system\nD. the skeletal system and the digestive system\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?", "choices": {"text": ["the skeletal system and the digestive system", "the circulatory system and the respiratory system", "the digestive system and the circulatory system", "the respiratory system and the skeletal system"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?\nA. the skeletal system and the digestive system\nB. the circulatory system and the respiratory system\nC. the digestive system and the circulatory system\nD. the respiratory system and the skeletal system\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?", "choices": {"text": ["the digestive system and the circulatory system", "the circulatory system and the respiratory system", "the respiratory system and the skeletal system", "the skeletal system and the digestive system"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?\n1. the digestive system and the circulatory system\n2. the circulatory system and the respiratory system\n3. the respiratory system and the skeletal system\n4. the skeletal system and the digestive system\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?", "choices": {"text": ["the digestive system and the circulatory system", "the circulatory system and the respiratory system", "the respiratory system and the skeletal system", "the skeletal system and the digestive system"], "label": ["K", "G", "R", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?\nK. the digestive system and the circulatory system\nG. the circulatory system and the respiratory system\nR. the respiratory system and the skeletal system\nQ. the skeletal system and the digestive system\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?", "choices": {"text": ["the skeletal system and the digestive system", "the circulatory system and the respiratory system", "the digestive system and the circulatory system", "the respiratory system and the skeletal system"], "label": ["K", "G", "R", "Q"]}, "prompt": "Question: Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?\nK. the skeletal system and the digestive system\nG. the circulatory system and the respiratory system\nR. the digestive system and the circulatory system\nQ. the respiratory system and the skeletal system\nAnswer:", "label": "R", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2802}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_416133", "question": "Which describes a material that is not a food?", "choices": {"text": ["It stores energy but not nutrients.", "It does not store energy or nutrients.", "It stores energy and nutrients.", "It does not store energy but stores nutrients."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which describes a material that is not a food?\nA. It stores energy but not nutrients.\nB. It does not store energy or nutrients.\nC. It stores energy and nutrients.\nD. It does not store energy but stores nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which describes a material that is not a food?", "choices": {"text": ["It does not store energy or nutrients.", "It does not store energy but stores nutrients.", "It stores energy and nutrients.", "It stores energy but not nutrients."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which describes a material that is not a food?\nA. It does not store energy or nutrients.\nB. It does not store energy but stores nutrients.\nC. It stores energy and nutrients.\nD. It stores energy but not nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which describes a material that is not a food?", "choices": {"text": ["It stores energy but not nutrients.", "It does not store energy or nutrients.", "It stores energy and nutrients.", "It does not store energy but stores nutrients."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which describes a material that is not a food?\n1. It stores energy but not nutrients.\n2. It does not store energy or nutrients.\n3. It stores energy and nutrients.\n4. It does not store energy but stores nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which describes a material that is not a food?", "choices": {"text": ["It stores energy but not nutrients.", "It does not store energy or nutrients.", "It stores energy and nutrients.", "It does not store energy but stores nutrients."], "label": ["U", "B", "N", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which describes a material that is not a food?\nU. It stores energy but not nutrients.\nB. It does not store energy or nutrients.\nN. It stores energy and nutrients.\nE. It does not store energy but stores nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which describes a material that is not a food?", "choices": {"text": ["It does not store energy or nutrients.", "It does not store energy but stores nutrients.", "It stores energy and nutrients.", "It stores energy but not nutrients."], "label": ["U", "B", "N", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which describes a material that is not a food?\nU. It does not store energy or nutrients.\nB. It does not store energy but stores nutrients.\nN. It stores energy and nutrients.\nE. It stores energy but not nutrients.\nAnswer:", "label": "U", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2803}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7254520", "question": "An example of a calcium carbonate deposit in the lithosphere is", "choices": {"text": ["limestone.", "granite.", "gneiss.", "shale."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An example of a calcium carbonate deposit in the lithosphere is\nA. limestone.\nB. granite.\nC. gneiss.\nD. shale.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "An example of a calcium carbonate deposit in the lithosphere is", "choices": {"text": ["granite.", "limestone.", "shale.", "gneiss."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: An example of a calcium carbonate deposit in the lithosphere is\nA. granite.\nB. limestone.\nC. shale.\nD. gneiss.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "An example of a calcium carbonate deposit in the lithosphere is", "choices": {"text": ["limestone.", "granite.", "gneiss.", "shale."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: An example of a calcium carbonate deposit in the lithosphere is\n1. limestone.\n2. granite.\n3. gneiss.\n4. shale.\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An example of a calcium carbonate deposit in the lithosphere is", "choices": {"text": ["limestone.", "granite.", "gneiss.", "shale."], "label": ["N", "K", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: An example of a calcium carbonate deposit in the lithosphere is\nN. limestone.\nK. granite.\nI. gneiss.\nL. shale.\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "An example of a calcium carbonate deposit in the lithosphere is", "choices": {"text": ["granite.", "limestone.", "shale.", "gneiss."], "label": ["N", "K", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: An example of a calcium carbonate deposit in the lithosphere is\nN. granite.\nK. limestone.\nI. shale.\nL. gneiss.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2804}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7037415", "question": "The color in a Tortoiseshell cat can only be produced by two X chromosomes. This would mean that these types of cats are always", "choices": {"text": ["male.", "female.", "fertile.", "aggressive."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The color in a Tortoiseshell cat can only be produced by two X chromosomes. This would mean that these types of cats are always\nA. male.\nB. female.\nC. fertile.\nD. aggressive.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "The color in a Tortoiseshell cat can only be produced by two X chromosomes. This would mean that these types of cats are always", "choices": {"text": ["fertile.", "male.", "aggressive.", "female."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: The color in a Tortoiseshell cat can only be produced by two X chromosomes. This would mean that these types of cats are always\nA. fertile.\nB. male.\nC. aggressive.\nD. female.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "The color in a Tortoiseshell cat can only be produced by two X chromosomes. This would mean that these types of cats are always", "choices": {"text": ["male.", "female.", "fertile.", "aggressive."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: The color in a Tortoiseshell cat can only be produced by two X chromosomes. This would mean that these types of cats are always\n1. male.\n2. female.\n3. fertile.\n4. aggressive.\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The color in a Tortoiseshell cat can only be produced by two X chromosomes. This would mean that these types of cats are always", "choices": {"text": ["male.", "female.", "fertile.", "aggressive."], "label": ["I", "Z", "D", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The color in a Tortoiseshell cat can only be produced by two X chromosomes. This would mean that these types of cats are always\nI. male.\nZ. female.\nD. fertile.\nK. aggressive.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "The color in a Tortoiseshell cat can only be produced by two X chromosomes. This would mean that these types of cats are always", "choices": {"text": ["fertile.", "male.", "aggressive.", "female."], "label": ["I", "Z", "D", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: The color in a Tortoiseshell cat can only be produced by two X chromosomes. This would mean that these types of cats are always\nI. fertile.\nZ. male.\nD. aggressive.\nK. female.\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2805}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7221533", "question": "Which is the most appropriate SI unit to use for expressing the mass of an automobile?", "choices": {"text": ["millimeter", "milligram", "kilometer", "kilogram"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most appropriate SI unit to use for expressing the mass of an automobile?\nA. millimeter\nB. milligram\nC. kilometer\nD. kilogram\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most appropriate SI unit to use for expressing the mass of an automobile?", "choices": {"text": ["kilometer", "kilogram", "milligram", "millimeter"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most appropriate SI unit to use for expressing the mass of an automobile?\nA. kilometer\nB. kilogram\nC. milligram\nD. millimeter\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most appropriate SI unit to use for expressing the mass of an automobile?", "choices": {"text": ["millimeter", "milligram", "kilometer", "kilogram"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most appropriate SI unit to use for expressing the mass of an automobile?\n1. millimeter\n2. milligram\n3. kilometer\n4. kilogram\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most appropriate SI unit to use for expressing the mass of an automobile?", "choices": {"text": ["millimeter", "milligram", "kilometer", "kilogram"], "label": ["G", "F", "S", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most appropriate SI unit to use for expressing the mass of an automobile?\nG. millimeter\nF. milligram\nS. kilometer\nJ. kilogram\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which is the most appropriate SI unit to use for expressing the mass of an automobile?", "choices": {"text": ["kilometer", "kilogram", "milligram", "millimeter"], "label": ["G", "F", "S", "J"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which is the most appropriate SI unit to use for expressing the mass of an automobile?\nG. kilometer\nF. kilogram\nS. milligram\nJ. millimeter\nAnswer:", "label": "F", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2806}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_410965", "question": "Some scientists think their new car fuel will produce fewer chemicals than burning gasoline. The scientists test their hypothesis by performing several trials to compare the fuels. If the results of the trials agree with their hypothesis, in which area will their research most likely help?", "choices": {"text": ["recycling trash", "conserving water", "reducing air pollution", "protecting endangered species"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists think their new car fuel will produce fewer chemicals than burning gasoline. The scientists test their hypothesis by performing several trials to compare the fuels. If the results of the trials agree with their hypothesis, in which area will their research most likely help?\nA. recycling trash\nB. conserving water\nC. reducing air pollution\nD. protecting endangered species\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists think their new car fuel will produce fewer chemicals than burning gasoline. The scientists test their hypothesis by performing several trials to compare the fuels. If the results of the trials agree with their hypothesis, in which area will their research most likely help?", "choices": {"text": ["reducing air pollution", "protecting endangered species", "recycling trash", "conserving water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists think their new car fuel will produce fewer chemicals than burning gasoline. The scientists test their hypothesis by performing several trials to compare the fuels. If the results of the trials agree with their hypothesis, in which area will their research most likely help?\nA. reducing air pollution\nB. protecting endangered species\nC. recycling trash\nD. conserving water\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists think their new car fuel will produce fewer chemicals than burning gasoline. The scientists test their hypothesis by performing several trials to compare the fuels. If the results of the trials agree with their hypothesis, in which area will their research most likely help?", "choices": {"text": ["recycling trash", "conserving water", "reducing air pollution", "protecting endangered species"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists think their new car fuel will produce fewer chemicals than burning gasoline. The scientists test their hypothesis by performing several trials to compare the fuels. If the results of the trials agree with their hypothesis, in which area will their research most likely help?\n1. recycling trash\n2. conserving water\n3. reducing air pollution\n4. protecting endangered species\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists think their new car fuel will produce fewer chemicals than burning gasoline. The scientists test their hypothesis by performing several trials to compare the fuels. If the results of the trials agree with their hypothesis, in which area will their research most likely help?", "choices": {"text": ["recycling trash", "conserving water", "reducing air pollution", "protecting endangered species"], "label": ["E", "S", "D", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists think their new car fuel will produce fewer chemicals than burning gasoline. The scientists test their hypothesis by performing several trials to compare the fuels. If the results of the trials agree with their hypothesis, in which area will their research most likely help?\nE. recycling trash\nS. conserving water\nD. reducing air pollution\nZ. protecting endangered species\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Some scientists think their new car fuel will produce fewer chemicals than burning gasoline. The scientists test their hypothesis by performing several trials to compare the fuels. If the results of the trials agree with their hypothesis, in which area will their research most likely help?", "choices": {"text": ["reducing air pollution", "protecting endangered species", "recycling trash", "conserving water"], "label": ["E", "S", "D", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: Some scientists think their new car fuel will produce fewer chemicals than burning gasoline. The scientists test their hypothesis by performing several trials to compare the fuels. If the results of the trials agree with their hypothesis, in which area will their research most likely help?\nE. reducing air pollution\nS. protecting endangered species\nD. recycling trash\nZ. conserving water\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2807}
{"arc_id": "TIMSS_2011_8_pg106", "question": "A student sets up an investigation to test the strength of magnets. He has several magnets of different sizes, shapes, and masses. He uses the magnets to lift metal paper clips. How is the strength of a magnet defined in the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["by the mass of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips", "by the size of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips", "by the number of metal paper clips lifted by the magnet", "by the time the metal paper clips stay on the magnet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student sets up an investigation to test the strength of magnets. He has several magnets of different sizes, shapes, and masses. He uses the magnets to lift metal paper clips. How is the strength of a magnet defined in the investigation?\nA. by the mass of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips\nB. by the size of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips\nC. by the number of metal paper clips lifted by the magnet\nD. by the time the metal paper clips stay on the magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A student sets up an investigation to test the strength of magnets. He has several magnets of different sizes, shapes, and masses. He uses the magnets to lift metal paper clips. How is the strength of a magnet defined in the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["by the time the metal paper clips stay on the magnet", "by the size of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips", "by the mass of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips", "by the number of metal paper clips lifted by the magnet"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student sets up an investigation to test the strength of magnets. He has several magnets of different sizes, shapes, and masses. He uses the magnets to lift metal paper clips. How is the strength of a magnet defined in the investigation?\nA. by the time the metal paper clips stay on the magnet\nB. by the size of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips\nC. by the mass of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips\nD. by the number of metal paper clips lifted by the magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A student sets up an investigation to test the strength of magnets. He has several magnets of different sizes, shapes, and masses. He uses the magnets to lift metal paper clips. How is the strength of a magnet defined in the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["by the mass of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips", "by the size of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips", "by the number of metal paper clips lifted by the magnet", "by the time the metal paper clips stay on the magnet"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student sets up an investigation to test the strength of magnets. He has several magnets of different sizes, shapes, and masses. He uses the magnets to lift metal paper clips. How is the strength of a magnet defined in the investigation?\n1. by the mass of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips\n2. by the size of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips\n3. by the number of metal paper clips lifted by the magnet\n4. by the time the metal paper clips stay on the magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student sets up an investigation to test the strength of magnets. He has several magnets of different sizes, shapes, and masses. He uses the magnets to lift metal paper clips. How is the strength of a magnet defined in the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["by the mass of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips", "by the size of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips", "by the number of metal paper clips lifted by the magnet", "by the time the metal paper clips stay on the magnet"], "label": ["B", "Q", "D", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student sets up an investigation to test the strength of magnets. He has several magnets of different sizes, shapes, and masses. He uses the magnets to lift metal paper clips. How is the strength of a magnet defined in the investigation?\nB. by the mass of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips\nQ. by the size of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips\nD. by the number of metal paper clips lifted by the magnet\nK. by the time the metal paper clips stay on the magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A student sets up an investigation to test the strength of magnets. He has several magnets of different sizes, shapes, and masses. He uses the magnets to lift metal paper clips. How is the strength of a magnet defined in the investigation?", "choices": {"text": ["by the time the metal paper clips stay on the magnet", "by the size of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips", "by the mass of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips", "by the number of metal paper clips lifted by the magnet"], "label": ["B", "Q", "D", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: A student sets up an investigation to test the strength of magnets. He has several magnets of different sizes, shapes, and masses. He uses the magnets to lift metal paper clips. How is the strength of a magnet defined in the investigation?\nB. by the time the metal paper clips stay on the magnet\nQ. by the size of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips\nD. by the mass of the magnet lifting the metal paper clips\nK. by the number of metal paper clips lifted by the magnet\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2808}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_406736", "question": "Which of these is the best example of organisms interacting with each other in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a buffalo drinking water", "a bear catching a fish", "a rabbit running across the sand", "a pig rolling in the mud"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best example of organisms interacting with each other in an ecosystem?\nA. a buffalo drinking water\nB. a bear catching a fish\nC. a rabbit running across the sand\nD. a pig rolling in the mud\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best example of organisms interacting with each other in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a rabbit running across the sand", "a pig rolling in the mud", "a bear catching a fish", "a buffalo drinking water"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best example of organisms interacting with each other in an ecosystem?\nA. a rabbit running across the sand\nB. a pig rolling in the mud\nC. a bear catching a fish\nD. a buffalo drinking water\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best example of organisms interacting with each other in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a buffalo drinking water", "a bear catching a fish", "a rabbit running across the sand", "a pig rolling in the mud"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best example of organisms interacting with each other in an ecosystem?\n1. a buffalo drinking water\n2. a bear catching a fish\n3. a rabbit running across the sand\n4. a pig rolling in the mud\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best example of organisms interacting with each other in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a buffalo drinking water", "a bear catching a fish", "a rabbit running across the sand", "a pig rolling in the mud"], "label": ["C", "L", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best example of organisms interacting with each other in an ecosystem?\nC. a buffalo drinking water\nL. a bear catching a fish\nG. a rabbit running across the sand\nY. a pig rolling in the mud\nAnswer:", "label": "L", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these is the best example of organisms interacting with each other in an ecosystem?", "choices": {"text": ["a rabbit running across the sand", "a pig rolling in the mud", "a bear catching a fish", "a buffalo drinking water"], "label": ["C", "L", "G", "Y"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these is the best example of organisms interacting with each other in an ecosystem?\nC. a rabbit running across the sand\nL. a pig rolling in the mud\nG. a bear catching a fish\nY. a buffalo drinking water\nAnswer:", "label": "G", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2809}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_400691", "question": "A television commercial claims that an all-natural cereal will provide the daily nutrition needed for adults. Which information on the cereal box best supports this claim?", "choices": {"text": ["the average serving size", "the list of ingredients in the cereal", "the number of ounces of cereal in the box", "the amount of sugar in the cereal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A television commercial claims that an all-natural cereal will provide the daily nutrition needed for adults. Which information on the cereal box best supports this claim?\nA. the average serving size\nB. the list of ingredients in the cereal\nC. the number of ounces of cereal in the box\nD. the amount of sugar in the cereal\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A television commercial claims that an all-natural cereal will provide the daily nutrition needed for adults. Which information on the cereal box best supports this claim?", "choices": {"text": ["the amount of sugar in the cereal", "the average serving size", "the list of ingredients in the cereal", "the number of ounces of cereal in the box"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A television commercial claims that an all-natural cereal will provide the daily nutrition needed for adults. Which information on the cereal box best supports this claim?\nA. the amount of sugar in the cereal\nB. the average serving size\nC. the list of ingredients in the cereal\nD. the number of ounces of cereal in the box\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A television commercial claims that an all-natural cereal will provide the daily nutrition needed for adults. Which information on the cereal box best supports this claim?", "choices": {"text": ["the average serving size", "the list of ingredients in the cereal", "the number of ounces of cereal in the box", "the amount of sugar in the cereal"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A television commercial claims that an all-natural cereal will provide the daily nutrition needed for adults. Which information on the cereal box best supports this claim?\n1. the average serving size\n2. the list of ingredients in the cereal\n3. the number of ounces of cereal in the box\n4. the amount of sugar in the cereal\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A television commercial claims that an all-natural cereal will provide the daily nutrition needed for adults. Which information on the cereal box best supports this claim?", "choices": {"text": ["the average serving size", "the list of ingredients in the cereal", "the number of ounces of cereal in the box", "the amount of sugar in the cereal"], "label": ["B", "A", "K", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A television commercial claims that an all-natural cereal will provide the daily nutrition needed for adults. Which information on the cereal box best supports this claim?\nB. the average serving size\nA. the list of ingredients in the cereal\nK. the number of ounces of cereal in the box\nS. the amount of sugar in the cereal\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A television commercial claims that an all-natural cereal will provide the daily nutrition needed for adults. Which information on the cereal box best supports this claim?", "choices": {"text": ["the amount of sugar in the cereal", "the average serving size", "the list of ingredients in the cereal", "the number of ounces of cereal in the box"], "label": ["B", "A", "K", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: A television commercial claims that an all-natural cereal will provide the daily nutrition needed for adults. Which information on the cereal box best supports this claim?\nB. the amount of sugar in the cereal\nA. the average serving size\nK. the list of ingredients in the cereal\nS. the number of ounces of cereal in the box\nAnswer:", "label": "K", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2810}
{"arc_id": "NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_18", "question": "Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["growth", "photosynthesis", "gas exchange", "waste removal"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?\nA. growth\nB. photosynthesis\nC. gas exchange\nD. waste removal\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["waste removal", "gas exchange", "photosynthesis", "growth"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?\nA. waste removal\nB. gas exchange\nC. photosynthesis\nD. growth\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["growth", "photosynthesis", "gas exchange", "waste removal"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?\n1. growth\n2. photosynthesis\n3. gas exchange\n4. waste removal\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["growth", "photosynthesis", "gas exchange", "waste removal"], "label": ["Q", "A", "W", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?\nQ. growth\nA. photosynthesis\nW. gas exchange\nB. waste removal\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?", "choices": {"text": ["waste removal", "gas exchange", "photosynthesis", "growth"], "label": ["Q", "A", "W", "B"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?\nQ. waste removal\nA. gas exchange\nW. photosynthesis\nB. growth\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 3}, "idx": 2811}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_404901", "question": "Which of these must be absorbed by animal cells in order to grow?", "choices": {"text": ["genes", "sunlight", "nutrients", "chromosomes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these must be absorbed by animal cells in order to grow?\nA. genes\nB. sunlight\nC. nutrients\nD. chromosomes\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these must be absorbed by animal cells in order to grow?", "choices": {"text": ["nutrients", "sunlight", "genes", "chromosomes"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these must be absorbed by animal cells in order to grow?\nA. nutrients\nB. sunlight\nC. genes\nD. chromosomes\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these must be absorbed by animal cells in order to grow?", "choices": {"text": ["genes", "sunlight", "nutrients", "chromosomes"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these must be absorbed by animal cells in order to grow?\n1. genes\n2. sunlight\n3. nutrients\n4. chromosomes\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these must be absorbed by animal cells in order to grow?", "choices": {"text": ["genes", "sunlight", "nutrients", "chromosomes"], "label": ["E", "G", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these must be absorbed by animal cells in order to grow?\nE. genes\nG. sunlight\nX. nutrients\nM. chromosomes\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of these must be absorbed by animal cells in order to grow?", "choices": {"text": ["nutrients", "sunlight", "genes", "chromosomes"], "label": ["E", "G", "X", "M"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of these must be absorbed by animal cells in order to grow?\nE. nutrients\nG. sunlight\nX. genes\nM. chromosomes\nAnswer:", "label": "E", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2812}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7006265", "question": "In which type of blood vessel is blood pressure normally monitored?", "choices": {"text": ["capillaries", "arteries", "veins", "cilia"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which type of blood vessel is blood pressure normally monitored?\nA. capillaries\nB. arteries\nC. veins\nD. cilia\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "In which type of blood vessel is blood pressure normally monitored?", "choices": {"text": ["capillaries", "cilia", "arteries", "veins"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which type of blood vessel is blood pressure normally monitored?\nA. capillaries\nB. cilia\nC. arteries\nD. veins\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "In which type of blood vessel is blood pressure normally monitored?", "choices": {"text": ["capillaries", "arteries", "veins", "cilia"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which type of blood vessel is blood pressure normally monitored?\n1. capillaries\n2. arteries\n3. veins\n4. cilia\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which type of blood vessel is blood pressure normally monitored?", "choices": {"text": ["capillaries", "arteries", "veins", "cilia"], "label": ["U", "O", "B", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which type of blood vessel is blood pressure normally monitored?\nU. capillaries\nO. arteries\nB. veins\nS. cilia\nAnswer:", "label": "O", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "In which type of blood vessel is blood pressure normally monitored?", "choices": {"text": ["capillaries", "cilia", "arteries", "veins"], "label": ["U", "O", "B", "S"]}, "prompt": "Question: In which type of blood vessel is blood pressure normally monitored?\nU. capillaries\nO. cilia\nB. arteries\nS. veins\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2813}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_9_16", "question": "Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.", "Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals.", "Bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.", "Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?\nA. Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.\nB. Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals.\nC. Bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.\nD. Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.", "Bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.", "Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi.", "Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?\nA. Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.\nB. Bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.\nC. Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi.\nD. Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.", "Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals.", "Bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.", "Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?\n1. Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.\n2. Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals.\n3. Bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.\n4. Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.", "Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals.", "Bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.", "Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi."], "label": ["W", "Q", "B", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?\nW. Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.\nQ. Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals.\nB. Bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.\nE. Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?", "choices": {"text": ["Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.", "Bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.", "Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi.", "Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals."], "label": ["W", "Q", "B", "E"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which of the following correctly explains how atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen compounds used by living organisms?\nW. Sunlight converts atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by protists.\nQ. Bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by plants.\nB. Invertebrate animals in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by fungi.\nE. Plant leaves convert atmospheric nitrogen to a form usable by animals.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2814}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2006_9_9-v1", "question": "A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?", "choices": {"text": ["Its momentum is 7 km/hr.", "Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.", "Its displacement is 7 km/hr.", "Its average speed is 7 km/hr."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?\nA. Its momentum is 7 km/hr.\nB. Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.\nC. Its displacement is 7 km/hr.\nD. Its average speed is 7 km/hr.\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?", "choices": {"text": ["Its average speed is 7 km/hr.", "Its displacement is 7 km/hr.", "Its momentum is 7 km/hr.", "Its acceleration is 7 km/hr."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?\nA. Its average speed is 7 km/hr.\nB. Its displacement is 7 km/hr.\nC. Its momentum is 7 km/hr.\nD. Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?", "choices": {"text": ["Its momentum is 7 km/hr.", "Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.", "Its displacement is 7 km/hr.", "Its average speed is 7 km/hr."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?\n1. Its momentum is 7 km/hr.\n2. Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.\n3. Its displacement is 7 km/hr.\n4. Its average speed is 7 km/hr.\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?", "choices": {"text": ["Its momentum is 7 km/hr.", "Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.", "Its displacement is 7 km/hr.", "Its average speed is 7 km/hr."], "label": ["Q", "N", "L", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?\nQ. Its momentum is 7 km/hr.\nN. Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.\nL. Its displacement is 7 km/hr.\nZ. Its average speed is 7 km/hr.\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?", "choices": {"text": ["Its average speed is 7 km/hr.", "Its displacement is 7 km/hr.", "Its momentum is 7 km/hr.", "Its acceleration is 7 km/hr."], "label": ["Q", "N", "L", "Z"]}, "prompt": "Question: A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?\nQ. Its average speed is 7 km/hr.\nN. Its displacement is 7 km/hr.\nL. Its momentum is 7 km/hr.\nZ. Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.\nAnswer:", "label": "Q", "answerKey": 0}, "idx": 2815}
{"arc_id": "MCAS_2011_8_17687", "question": "A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?", "choices": {"text": ["systems to locate viewers", "networks to transmit signals", "printing to create the images", "software to search for images"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?\nA. systems to locate viewers\nB. networks to transmit signals\nC. printing to create the images\nD. software to search for images\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?", "choices": {"text": ["printing to create the images", "systems to locate viewers", "networks to transmit signals", "software to search for images"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?\nA. printing to create the images\nB. systems to locate viewers\nC. networks to transmit signals\nD. software to search for images\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?", "choices": {"text": ["systems to locate viewers", "networks to transmit signals", "printing to create the images", "software to search for images"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?\n1. systems to locate viewers\n2. networks to transmit signals\n3. printing to create the images\n4. software to search for images\nAnswer:", "label": "2", "answerKey": 1}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?", "choices": {"text": ["systems to locate viewers", "networks to transmit signals", "printing to create the images", "software to search for images"], "label": ["M", "B", "X", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?\nM. systems to locate viewers\nB. networks to transmit signals\nX. printing to create the images\nT. software to search for images\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?", "choices": {"text": ["printing to create the images", "systems to locate viewers", "networks to transmit signals", "software to search for images"], "label": ["M", "B", "X", "T"]}, "prompt": "Question: A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?\nM. printing to create the images\nB. systems to locate viewers\nX. networks to transmit signals\nT. software to search for images\nAnswer:", "label": "X", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2816}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7214480", "question": "A medium-sized star in the middle of its life cycle, such as the Sun, is most likely to emit which color of light?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "blue", "white", "yellow"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A medium-sized star in the middle of its life cycle, such as the Sun, is most likely to emit which color of light?\nA. red\nB. blue\nC. white\nD. yellow\nAnswer:", "label": "D", "answerKey": 3, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A medium-sized star in the middle of its life cycle, such as the Sun, is most likely to emit which color of light?", "choices": {"text": ["blue", "yellow", "red", "white"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A medium-sized star in the middle of its life cycle, such as the Sun, is most likely to emit which color of light?\nA. blue\nB. yellow\nC. red\nD. white\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A medium-sized star in the middle of its life cycle, such as the Sun, is most likely to emit which color of light?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "blue", "white", "yellow"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A medium-sized star in the middle of its life cycle, such as the Sun, is most likely to emit which color of light?\n1. red\n2. blue\n3. white\n4. yellow\nAnswer:", "label": "4", "answerKey": 3}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A medium-sized star in the middle of its life cycle, such as the Sun, is most likely to emit which color of light?", "choices": {"text": ["red", "blue", "white", "yellow"], "label": ["Z", "J", "V", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A medium-sized star in the middle of its life cycle, such as the Sun, is most likely to emit which color of light?\nZ. red\nJ. blue\nV. white\nC. yellow\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 3}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A medium-sized star in the middle of its life cycle, such as the Sun, is most likely to emit which color of light?", "choices": {"text": ["blue", "yellow", "red", "white"], "label": ["Z", "J", "V", "C"]}, "prompt": "Question: A medium-sized star in the middle of its life cycle, such as the Sun, is most likely to emit which color of light?\nZ. blue\nJ. yellow\nV. red\nC. white\nAnswer:", "label": "J", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2817}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7094098", "question": "A satellite image can help scientists locate the area where two plates have diverged by showing the existence of", "choices": {"text": ["plateaus.", "mountains.", "rift valleys.", "grassy plains."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A satellite image can help scientists locate the area where two plates have diverged by showing the existence of\nA. plateaus.\nB. mountains.\nC. rift valleys.\nD. grassy plains.\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "A satellite image can help scientists locate the area where two plates have diverged by showing the existence of", "choices": {"text": ["grassy plains.", "rift valleys.", "plateaus.", "mountains."], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: A satellite image can help scientists locate the area where two plates have diverged by showing the existence of\nA. grassy plains.\nB. rift valleys.\nC. plateaus.\nD. mountains.\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "A satellite image can help scientists locate the area where two plates have diverged by showing the existence of", "choices": {"text": ["plateaus.", "mountains.", "rift valleys.", "grassy plains."], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: A satellite image can help scientists locate the area where two plates have diverged by showing the existence of\n1. plateaus.\n2. mountains.\n3. rift valleys.\n4. grassy plains.\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A satellite image can help scientists locate the area where two plates have diverged by showing the existence of", "choices": {"text": ["plateaus.", "mountains.", "rift valleys.", "grassy plains."], "label": ["Z", "W", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A satellite image can help scientists locate the area where two plates have diverged by showing the existence of\nZ. plateaus.\nW. mountains.\nI. rift valleys.\nL. grassy plains.\nAnswer:", "label": "I", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "A satellite image can help scientists locate the area where two plates have diverged by showing the existence of", "choices": {"text": ["grassy plains.", "rift valleys.", "plateaus.", "mountains."], "label": ["Z", "W", "I", "L"]}, "prompt": "Question: A satellite image can help scientists locate the area where two plates have diverged by showing the existence of\nZ. grassy plains.\nW. rift valleys.\nI. plateaus.\nL. mountains.\nAnswer:", "label": "W", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2818}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_SC_401188", "question": "Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a laser", "a radio", "a toaster", "a microwave"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?\nA. a laser\nB. a radio\nC. a toaster\nD. a microwave\nAnswer:", "label": "A", "answerKey": 0, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a toaster", "a radio", "a laser", "a microwave"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?\nA. a toaster\nB. a radio\nC. a laser\nD. a microwave\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a laser", "a radio", "a toaster", "a microwave"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?\n1. a laser\n2. a radio\n3. a toaster\n4. a microwave\nAnswer:", "label": "1", "answerKey": 0}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a laser", "a radio", "a toaster", "a microwave"], "label": ["N", "Z", "V", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?\nN. a laser\nZ. a radio\nV. a toaster\nR. a microwave\nAnswer:", "label": "N", "answerKey": 0}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?", "choices": {"text": ["a toaster", "a radio", "a laser", "a microwave"], "label": ["N", "Z", "V", "R"]}, "prompt": "Question: Which device would most likely be used to produce light energy?\nN. a toaster\nZ. a radio\nV. a laser\nR. a microwave\nAnswer:", "label": "V", "answerKey": 2}, "idx": 2819}
{"arc_id": "Mercury_7193078", "question": "Scientists at a local university have been studying the impact that people have on Earth. One of the areas being studied is how the burning of fossil fuels affects the environment. Which effect of fossil fuel burning have the scientists most likely evaluated?", "choices": {"text": ["the production of nitrogen-fixing bacteria", "the mechanical weathering of roads", "the formation of acid rain", "the increase in runoff"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists at a local university have been studying the impact that people have on Earth. One of the areas being studied is how the burning of fossil fuels affects the environment. Which effect of fossil fuel burning have the scientists most likely evaluated?\nA. the production of nitrogen-fixing bacteria\nB. the mechanical weathering of roads\nC. the formation of acid rain\nD. the increase in runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "C", "answerKey": 2, "answerPosition_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists at a local university have been studying the impact that people have on Earth. One of the areas being studied is how the burning of fossil fuels affects the environment. Which effect of fossil fuel burning have the scientists most likely evaluated?", "choices": {"text": ["the production of nitrogen-fixing bacteria", "the formation of acid rain", "the increase in runoff", "the mechanical weathering of roads"], "label": ["A", "B", "C", "D"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists at a local university have been studying the impact that people have on Earth. One of the areas being studied is how the burning of fossil fuels affects the environment. Which effect of fossil fuel burning have the scientists most likely evaluated?\nA. the production of nitrogen-fixing bacteria\nB. the formation of acid rain\nC. the increase in runoff\nD. the mechanical weathering of roads\nAnswer:", "label": "B", "answerKey": 1}, "symbol_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists at a local university have been studying the impact that people have on Earth. One of the areas being studied is how the burning of fossil fuels affects the environment. Which effect of fossil fuel burning have the scientists most likely evaluated?", "choices": {"text": ["the production of nitrogen-fixing bacteria", "the mechanical weathering of roads", "the formation of acid rain", "the increase in runoff"], "label": ["1", "2", "3", "4"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists at a local university have been studying the impact that people have on Earth. One of the areas being studied is how the burning of fossil fuels affects the environment. Which effect of fossil fuel burning have the scientists most likely evaluated?\n1. the production of nitrogen-fixing bacteria\n2. the mechanical weathering of roads\n3. the formation of acid rain\n4. the increase in runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "3", "answerKey": 2}, "randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists at a local university have been studying the impact that people have on Earth. One of the areas being studied is how the burning of fossil fuels affects the environment. Which effect of fossil fuel burning have the scientists most likely evaluated?", "choices": {"text": ["the production of nitrogen-fixing bacteria", "the mechanical weathering of roads", "the formation of acid rain", "the increase in runoff"], "label": ["X", "Z", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists at a local university have been studying the impact that people have on Earth. One of the areas being studied is how the burning of fossil fuels affects the environment. Which effect of fossil fuel burning have the scientists most likely evaluated?\nX. the production of nitrogen-fixing bacteria\nZ. the mechanical weathering of roads\nT. the formation of acid rain\nK. the increase in runoff\nAnswer:", "label": "T", "answerKey": 2}, "answerPosition_randomLetter_counterfactual": {"question": "Scientists at a local university have been studying the impact that people have on Earth. One of the areas being studied is how the burning of fossil fuels affects the environment. Which effect of fossil fuel burning have the scientists most likely evaluated?", "choices": {"text": ["the production of nitrogen-fixing bacteria", "the formation of acid rain", "the increase in runoff", "the mechanical weathering of roads"], "label": ["X", "Z", "T", "K"]}, "prompt": "Question: Scientists at a local university have been studying the impact that people have on Earth. One of the areas being studied is how the burning of fossil fuels affects the environment. Which effect of fossil fuel burning have the scientists most likely evaluated?\nX. the production of nitrogen-fixing bacteria\nZ. the formation of acid rain\nT. the increase in runoff\nK. the mechanical weathering of roads\nAnswer:", "label": "Z", "answerKey": 1}, "idx": 2820}