What hypothesis testing to use for continuous to categorical variables? For example, I'd like to know if a person's age (a continuous variable) is related to whether the person drinks (a categorical/binary variable of Y or N). What method should I use to know

*

*If there's a significant relationship.

*The strength of the association.

*The direction of the association - whether younger people tend to drink, or the opposite.


What to do here would depend also on sample size, you didn't tell us. If sample size is large enough, you can use logistic regression, possible with splining age. That would also allow for a more complicated (nonmonotone) relationship.  That is what is proposed at T-tests, manova or logistic regression - how to compare two groups?, which have more details.
Another similar question is Logistic regression or T test?
