Evaluating $\int\frac{x^{1/2}}{1+x^2}\,dx.$ 
Compute $$\int\frac{x^{1/2}}{1+x^2}\,dx.$$

All I can think of is some integration by substitution. But ran into something scary. Anyone have any tricks?

$$I = \int \dfrac{x^{1/2}}{1+x^2} dx$$ Let $x = t^2$. We get $$I = \int \dfrac{2t^2 dt}{1+t^4}$$ Now factorize $(1+t^4)$ as $(t^2 + \sqrt{2}t+1)(t^2 - \sqrt{2}t+1)$ and use partial fractions.
$$I = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \int \left( \dfrac{t}{t^2 - \sqrt{2} t+1} - \dfrac{t}{t^2 + \sqrt{2} t+1}\right)$$
Now $$\int \dfrac{t}{(t-a)^2 + b^2} dt = \int \dfrac{t-a+a}{(t-a)^2 + b^2} dt = \int \dfrac{t-a}{(t-a)^2 + b^2} dt + \int \dfrac{a}{(t-a)^2 + b^2} dt \\= \frac12 \log((t-a)^2+b^2) + \frac{a}{b} \arctan \left( \dfrac{t-a}{b}\right)$$
In our case, $a= \pm \dfrac1{\sqrt{2}}$ and $b = \dfrac1{\sqrt{2}}$.
Hence, the integral is $$\frac1{\sqrt{2}} \left( \frac12 \log(t^2 - \sqrt{2}t + 1) + \arctan(\sqrt{2}t+1) - \frac12 \log(t^2 + \sqrt{2}t + 1) + \arctan(\sqrt{2}t-1) \right) + C$$
Now plug in $t = \sqrt{x}$ to get the integral in terms of $x$.
