Generating function of $\binom{3n}{n}$ Wolfram alpha tells me the ordinary generating function of the sequence $\{\binom{3n}{n}\}$ is given by
$$\sum_{n} \binom{3n}{n} x^n = \frac{2\cos[\frac{1}{3}\sin^{-1}(\frac{3\sqrt{3}\sqrt{x}}{2})]}{\sqrt{4-27x}}$$
How do I prove this?

As was already mentioned in the comment section the Lagrange Inversion Formula is a proper method to prove this identity. In the following I use the notation from R. Sprugnolis (etal) paper Lagrange Inversion: when and how.

Let us suppose that a formal power series $w=w(t)$ is implicitely defined by a relation $w=t\Phi(w)$, where $\Phi(t)$ is a formal power series such that $\Phi(0)\ne0$. The Lagrange Inversion Formula (LIF) states that:
$$[t^n]w(t)^k=\frac{k}{n}[t^{n-k}]\Phi(t)^n$$

There are several variations of the LIF stated in the paper. We use in the following $G6$:

Let $F(t)$ be any formal power series and $w=t\Phi(w)$ as before, then the following is valid:
\begin{align*}
[t^n]F(t)\Phi(t)^n=\left[\left.\frac{F(w)}{1-t\Phi'(w)}\right|w=t\Phi(w)\right]\tag{1}
\end{align*}

Note: The notation $[\left.f(w)\right|w=g(t)]$ is a linearization of $\left.f(w)\right|_{w=g(t)}$ and denotes the substitution of $g(t)$ to every occurrence of $w$ in $f(w)$ (that is, $f(g(t))$). In particular, $w=t\Phi(w)$ is to be solved in $w=w(t)$ and $w$ has to be substituted in the expression on the left of the $|$ sign.

We prove the following identity
\begin{align*}
\sum_{n\ge0}\binom{3n}{n}t^n=\frac{2\cos\left[\frac{1}{3}\sin^{-1}\left(\frac{3\sqrt{3}\sqrt{t}}{2}\right)\right]}{\sqrt{4-27t}}\tag{2}
\end{align*}

$$ $$

Let $F(t)=1$ and $\Phi(t)=(1+t)^3$.
Since
  $$t\Phi'(w)=3t(1+w)^2=\frac{3t\Phi(w)}{1+w}=\frac{3w}{1+w}$$
  we obtain
  \begin{align*}
\binom{3n}{n}&=[t^n]F(t)\Phi(t)^n=[t^n](1+t)^{3n}\\
&=[t^n]\left[\left.\frac{1}{1-t\Phi'(w)}\right|w=t\Phi(w)\right]=[t^n]\left[\left.\frac{1+w}{1-2w}\right|w=t\Phi(w)\right]\\
\end{align*}
  Let
  \begin{align*}
A(t):=\sum_{n\ge0}\binom{3n}{n}t^n=\left.\frac{1+w}{1-2w}\right|_{w=t\Phi(w)}
\end{align*}
  Expressing $A(t)=\frac{1+w}{1-2w}$ in terms of $w$, we get
  $$w=\frac{A(t)-1}{2A(t)+1}$$
  Since $w=t\Phi(w)=t(1+w)^3$, we get
  \begin{align*}
\frac{A(t)-1}{2A(t)+1}=t\left(1+\frac{A(t)-1}{2A(t)+1}\right)^3
\end{align*}
which simplifies to:
\begin{align*}
(4-27t)A(t)^3-3A(t)-1=0\tag{3}
\end{align*}

In order to get the RHS of $(2)$ we first analyse the structure of $(3)$ which is
$$f(t)A(t)^3-3A(t)=1$$
with $f(t)$ linear and observe a similarity of this structure with the identity
$$4\cos^3{t}-3\cos{t}=\cos{3t}$$

We use the Ansatz:
$$A(t) := \frac{2\cos\left(g(t)\right)}{\sqrt{4-27t}}$$
and obtain
  \begin{align*}
(4-27t)&A(t)^3-3A(t)=\\
&=\frac{8\cos^3\left(g(t)\right)}{\sqrt{4-27t}}-\frac{6\cos\left(g(t)\right)}{\sqrt{4-27t}}=\\
&=\frac{2\cos\left(3g(t)\right)}{\sqrt{4-27t}}\\
&=1
\end{align*}
  Since
  \begin{align*}
2\cos\left(3g(t)\right)&=\sqrt{4-27t}\\
4\cos^2\left(3g(t)\right)&=4-27t\\
\sin^2\left(3g(t)\right)&=\frac{27}{4}t\\
\end{align*}
  we get
  \begin{align*}
g(t)&=\frac{1}{3}\sin^{-1}\left(\frac{3\sqrt{3t}}{2}\right)\\
&\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\Box
\end{align*}
and conclude the identity $(2)$ is valid.

