Determine appropriate $c$ and $x_0$ for Big-O proofs. "Prove that $f(x)$ is $O(x^2)$:"
$$f(x) = \frac{x^4+2x-7}{2x^2-x-1}$$
Let $c=10$ (addition of coefficients of the numerator less the addition of coefficients of the denominator), and $x_0 = 1$ (the lowest coefficient among all elements in the function).
$$\frac{x^4+2x-7}{2x^2-x-1} \leq \frac{x^4+2x^4-7x^4}{2x^4-x^4-x^4} \leq 10x^2$$
Am I going on the right track? For any $x \geq 1$, the second fraction becomes troublesome, as you then get a division by zero. I'm not sure how to approach these questions if someone could assist me.

I will try to give you a more intuitive approach.
Theoretical Approach
The basic idea is the following: when $x$ get sufficiently large, the highest order term dominates over all the rest.
$x^4 + 2x - 7$ will eventually look like $x^4$. 
$2x^2 -x - 1$ will eventually look like $2x^2$.
So 
$\dfrac{x^4 + 2x - 7}{2x^2-x-1}$ will eventually look like $\dfrac{x^4}{2x^2} = \dfrac{1}{2}x^2$. 
This is one way of seeing why your function should be $O(x^2)$.
Now, what should be $c$? You actually do NOT want to use $1/2$. This is because you want something that is definitely larger than $\frac{x^4 + 2x - 7}{2x^2-x-1}$. So you definitely want $c$ to be something bigger than $1/2$.
Theoretically speaking, you can choose $c$ to be any number bigger than $c$, and theoretically, $x_0$ exists. This is because when $x$ is very big, $\frac{x^4 + 2x - 7}{2x^2-x-1}$ is very close to $\dfrac{1}{2}x^2$, which will be smaller than $cx^2$. 
More Practical Approach
You have a fraction. If you want an upper bound for a fraction, you need


*

*An upper bound for the numerator. (Bigger numerator means bigger value $\dfrac{2}{2} < \dfrac{4}{2}$)

*A lower bound for the denominator. (Smaller denominator means bigger value  $\dfrac{2}{2} < \dfrac{2}{1}$)


Note from our theoretical approach that our top should be bounded by $x^4$, and the bottom should be bounded by $x^2$.
Easiest thing to do for the top: bound each term by $x^4$, the higher order term. It works precisely because higher order terms dominate eventually.
$x^4 \le x^4$, always.
$2x \le x^4$, when say $x > 2$. (To be more exact, this happens precisely when $2 \le x^3$, or $\sqrt[3]{2} \le x$. But for $O$ proofs this kind of precision is unnecessary.)
$-7 \le x^4$, always.
So, $x^4 + 2x - 7 \le x^4 + x^4 + x^4 = 3x^4$.
Now, what about the denominator?
I need something that will be eventually smaller than $2x^2 - x - 1$. Note from what I said earlier, that we want to use something like $x^2$. So $n x^2$ is good, for any $n$ less than 2. In fact, to make things easy, let's choose $n=1$.
The question now becomes: When will $2x^2 - x - 1 > x^2$?
$2x^2 - x - 1 > x^2$ becomes
$x^2 - x - 1 > 0 $. 
$y = x^2 - x - 1$ is a parabola, and you just need to figure out some positive number $x$ where this parabola becomes positive.
How about $x = 10$? $(10^2) - 10 - 1 > 0$. And if you plug in a larger value for $x$, then it'll certainly be bigger.
Note: What Tim did in his answer was to find the precise point at which $2x^2 - x - 1 = x^2$. This gives you a much more precise $x_0$. But this isn't necessary for $O$ proofs.
So when $x>10$, we have both:


*

*$x^4 + 2x - 7 \le x^4 + x^4 + x^4 = 3x^4$.

*$2x^2 - x - 1 > x^2$.


And so
$\dfrac{x^4 + 2x - 7}{2x^2-x-1} < \dfrac{3x^4}{x^2} = 3x^2$
So my solution uses $c=3$ with $x_0 = 10$.
