text: # 「学习笔记」伯努利数
  
  ### 定义
  
  $B_n = [n = 0] - \frac 1{n + 1} \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} \binom {n + 1} i B_i$
  
  $\hat{B}(x) = \sum_{i \geq 0} B_i \frac {x^i} {i!} = \frac x{e^x - 1}$
  
  ### 性质
  
  $S_k(n) = \frac 1{k + 1} \sum_{i=0}^k \binom{k + 1}i B_i n^{k - i + 1}$
  
  $$\hat{S}_n(x) = \sum_{i \geq 0} \frac {x^i} {i!} S_i(n)$$，那么：
  
  \begin{aligned} \hat{S}_n(x) &= \sum_{i \geq 0} \frac {x^i} {i!} \sum_{j=0}^{n-1} j^i\\ &= \sum_{j=0}^{n-1} \sum_{i \geq 0} \frac {(jx)^i} {i!}\\ &= \sum_{j=0}^{n-1} e^{jx}\\ &= \frac {e^{nx} - 1}{e^x - 1} \end{aligned}
  
  \begin{aligned} S_k(n) &= k! [x^k] \frac{e^{nx} - 1}{e^x - 1}\\ &= k! \sum_{i=0}^k \frac{B_i}{i!} [x^{k-i+1}] (e^{nx} - 1)\\ &= \frac 1{k + 1} \sum_{i=0}^k \binom{k+1}i B_i n^{k - i + 1} \end{aligned}
  
  ### 例子
  
  #### 洛谷P3711 仓鼠的数学题
  
  \begin{aligned} g(x) &= \sum_{k=0}^n \frac {a_k} {k + 1} \sum_{i=1}^{k + 1} \binom{k + 1}i x^i B_{k - i + 1}\\ &= \sum_{k=0}^n a_k k! \sum_{i = 1}^{k + 1} \frac {x^i} {i!} \frac {B_{k - i + 1}}{(k - i + 1)!}\\ &= \sum_{i=0}^n \frac {x^{i + 1}}{(i + 1)!} \sum_{k=i}^n a_k k! \frac{B_{k - i}}{(k - i)!} \end{aligned}
  
  posted @ 2021-02-23 18:55  xgzc  阅读(266)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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