text: LESSON
  
  # Mapping 3D Spatial Velocity Between Coordinate Frames
  
  #### Transcript
  
  In the previous lecture, we looked at transforming spatial velocity from one coordinate frame to another. We did this for the two-dimensional case and we learned that the relationship between velocities is given by a Jacobian matrix which is actually a function of the relative orientation between the two coordinate frames.
  For three dimensions, things are actually quite similar. So, here is a three-dimensional reference coordinate frame, a point which has a spatial velocity with respect to Frame A. And, here is Frame B and we can describe the relative pose between Frame A and Frame B. We can show in red the spatial velocity with respect to Frame B and the relationship between the two is given by a Jacobian matrix. For the three-dimensional case, the Jacobian matrix is 6 x 6. And, once again, it is a function only of the relative orientation between the two coordinate frames. It’s a function of rotation matrix from Frame B to Frame A.
  
  Here is an example of an industrial robot. And, if I apply a particular set of robot joint angle velocities, I obtain a particular spatial velocity for the robot end effector and those two quantities are related by the manipulator, Jacobian.
  
  Now, this assumes that the robot end effector velocity is defined with respect to the world coordinate frame, denoted zero here. It’s often very useful to describe the velocity of the end effector with respect to the end effector’s coordinate frame. I have denoted here as Frame 6.
  
  Now, we can write this in terms of a different Jacobian matrix. This Jacobian matrix relates the robot joint angle velocity to the robot end effector velocity expressed in terms of Frame 6.
  
  We can write an expression for the end effector’s spatial velocity with respect to Frame 6 in terms of two Jacobian matrices. These Jacobian is the standard robot manipulated Jacobian matrix that we have talked about previously. And, this Jacobian matrix is responsible for transforming velocity from Frame 0 to Frame 6 and it is a function of the relative pose from Frame 6 to Frame 0. And, that Jacobian matrix, as we introduced in the previous slide, is a function simply of the rotational paths of that relative pose.
  
  #### Code
  
  There is no code in this lesson.
  
  We previously learnt how to derive a Jacobian which relates the velocity of a point, defined relative to one coordinate frame, to the velocity relative to a different coordinate frame. Now we extend that to the 3D case.
  
  ### Professor Peter Corke
  
  Professor of Robotic Vision at QUT and Director of the Australian Centre for Robotic Vision (ACRV). Peter is also a Fellow of the IEEE, a senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, and on the editorial board of several robotics research journals.
  
  ### Skill level
  
  This content assumes high school level mathematics and requires an understanding of undergraduate-level mathematics; for example, linear algebra - matrices, vectors, complex numbers, vector calculus and MATLAB programming.
  
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