xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06025266</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>11-959</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06025266</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Investigation of the Effect of Foot Muscle Fatigue on the Foot Sole and Tendon Structural Properties</brief_title>
    <official_title>Investigation of the Acute Effect of Foot Extrinsic Muscle Fatigue on Viscoelastic Properties of the Plantar Fascia and Achilles Tendon</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Simge Dönmez</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        In healthy individuals, fatigue in the foot muscles increases the load and stress on the&#xD;
        feet. The extrinsic muscles of the foot, which investigators aimed to create fatigue in this&#xD;
        study, are closely related anatomically and functionally to the plantar fascia and Achilles&#xD;
        tendon. Considering that fatigue or weakness of the foot extrinsic muscles is an important&#xD;
        risk factor for foot-ankle pathologies, it is important to reveal the relationship with the&#xD;
        plantar fascia and Achilles tendon in healthy sedentary individuals and to determine&#xD;
        mechanical properties of the feet of the participants to prevent possible foot injuries.&#xD;
        Therefore, the aim of this study is to show the acute effects of fatigue in the extrinsic&#xD;
        muscles of the foot on the viscoelastic properties of the plantar fascia and Achilles tendon.&#xD;
        The study was completed with 19 people who met the inclusion criteria. Before starting the&#xD;
        study, the dominant foot of the participants was determined, physical activity level was&#xD;
        determined, foot posture index and foot posture were evaluated, navicular height and fall&#xD;
        distance of the foot were measured, m.gastrocnemius shortness was measured with the&#xD;
        Silfverskiöld test, flexibility was evaluated with a baseline sitting bench, tendon and&#xD;
        fascia measurements were made with the MyotonPRO device. After the measurements, the&#xD;
        participant was trained to perform the heel raise exercise. When the exercise was completed,&#xD;
        the participant's foot Myoton measurements were repeated. One week later, pre-exercise Myoton&#xD;
        measurement was performed, then the participant was trained for the foot adduction exercise.&#xD;
        When the exercise was completed, the participant's foot Myotone measurements were repeated.&#xD;
        In another week, pre-exercise Myotone measurement was performed, then heel raising and foot&#xD;
        adduction exercises were performed sequentially. When the exercise was completed, the&#xD;
        participant's foot Myoton measurements were repeated.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        This study was carried out on healthy, sedentary male individuals between the ages of 18-35.&#xD;
        In the power analysis to estimate the sample size, Usgu et al. (2020), it was determined that&#xD;
        there should be a minimum of 17 observations in each group, with a statistical power level of&#xD;
        82.2% and a significance level of 5%. The study was completed in 3 groups in line with the&#xD;
        selected exercises. Firstly, 42 young individuals were included in the study. However, after&#xD;
        the preliminary evaluation, 23 individuals who did not meet the inclusion criteria and did&#xD;
        not provide continuity to the study were excluded from the study. This study was completed&#xD;
        with 19 healthy male individuals with a mean age of 21.37(SD 2.21) years.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">October 20, 2022</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Actual">January 23, 2023</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Actual">November 5, 2022</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Non-Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>The same 19 people were seen 3 times to evaluate.</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
      <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of tissue</measure>
      <time_frame>3 weeks</time_frame>
      <description>Biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of AT and PF were performed using MyotonPro™ (Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia) device. Before and immediately after the application of the fatigue protocol, AT and PF measurements were made separately with the MyotonPro™ device. The measurement points determined for AT and PF of individuals during rest were marked with a medical marker pen (16). The measurement points of each person and their distances to the anatomical points were measured with the help of a tape measure and recorded in their files to find the same point again. During the measurement, the probe of the device was adjusted to pulse once into the skin with a force of 0.4 N and for 15 ms. During the test, the tip of the MyotonPro™ device was placed perpendicular to the marked area and gently pressed against the skin at a depth of 3 mm until the green light came on.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Identifying the Dominant Foot</measure>
      <time_frame>1 day</time_frame>
      <description>The dominant foot was determined using the ball-kicking method. While the individual was standing, a ball was placed in the middle of both feet and the individual was asked to hit the ball with his foot. The extremity on which the individual hit the ball was accepted as dominant.&#xD;
  The dominant foot was determined using the ball-kicking method. While the individual was standing, a ball was placed in the middle of both feet and the individual was asked to hit the ball with his foot. The extremity on which the individual hit the ball was accepted as dominant.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Physical Activity Level</measure>
      <time_frame>1 day</time_frame>
      <description>The physical activity level of the individuals was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short Form. This scale, whose short form consists of 7 items, provides information about the time spent during the activity by classifying the activity according to the differences in intensity level. Total Physical Activity Score; The vigorous and moderate physical activity and walking times of the participants in the last 7 days were calculated with the formulas by multiplying the minutes, the number of days and the MET-minute score appropriate for the physical activity performed (MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task)-min/week). According to the questionnaire, physical activity levels are those who are not physically active (&lt;600 MET-min/week), low physical activity level (600-3000 MET-min/week) and adequate physical activity level (beneficial for health) (&gt; 3000 MET-min/week).</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Sit-Reach Test</measure>
      <time_frame>1 day</time_frame>
      <description>In particular, a sit-reach bench (Baseline®, Cooper Institute/YMCA, AAHPERD, New York, USA) was used to measure the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles. Subjects were asked to contact a standard sit-and-reach bench in a sitting position, with their backs against the wall and their knees in full extension, with the soles of their feet flat on the box. Then, individuals were asked to reach forward as far as possible by pushing the device apparatus with their fingertips without lifting their knees, with their palms facing down. Measurements were repeated 3 times and the average of the values was recorded.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Silfverskiold Test</measure>
      <time_frame>1 day</time_frame>
      <description>The muscle shortness assessment of the individuals regarding M. Gastrocnemius was performed on both ankles while in the supine position using the Silfverskiold method and universal goniometer. While the knee joint was in full extension and 90° flexion, and the subtalar joint was in the neutral position, the dorsiflexion of the ankle was passively performed by the assessor, and the fixed arm of the universal goniometer was measured on the fibula shaft and the mobile arm was placed on the fifth metatarsal shaft. The resulting angles were recorded in degrees.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Navicular Height</measure>
      <time_frame>1 day</time_frame>
      <description>The navicular height was defined as the distance of the navicular tubercle to the ground when the individual was standing in a relaxed position. In our study; Subjects were asked to stand in a comfortable position for navicular height assessment. The medial protrusion of the tuberosity of the navicular was detected and marked by palpation, and the distance between this point and the ground was measured using a millimetric ruler. The result is recorded in millimeters</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Navicular Drop Distance</measure>
      <time_frame>1 day</time_frame>
      <description>Before the measurement, the medial protrusion of the tuberosity of the navicular was detected and marked by palpation. The height of the navicular tubercle was determined with the help of a millimetric ruler placed on the medial part of the foot while the individuals were sitting in a chair with the soles of their feet touching the ground and the hips and knees flexed to 90°. Individuals were asked to stand up and the height of the navicular tubercle was determined again. The amount of change was determined with the help of a ruler and recorded. Each measurement was repeated 3 times and the average value was recorded in millimeters.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Evaluation of Foot Posture</measure>
      <time_frame>1 day</time_frame>
      <description>Foot Posture Index-6 was used to evaluate foot posture. During the evaluation, the subjects were asked to stand in a way that was comfortable, without moving. Test; It was performed by the physiotherapist based on observation and palpation while the individual was in a static and comfortable standing position. The index consists of 6 items in total, 3 items in the forefoot and 3 items in the hindfoot. In the study; Evaluations were made bilaterally based on observation and palpation from the posterior, medial, lateral and anterior aspects.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Evaluation of Fatigue</measure>
      <time_frame>3 weeks</time_frame>
      <description>The level of fatigue perceived by the individuals during the study was evaluated with the &quot;Borg Fatigue Scale&quot; immediately after completing the fatigue protocol exercises. Developed by Borg, this scale has 10 levels in its modified form, and the category ratio scale consists of definitions corresponding to certain numbers. The participant was asked to score the perceived fatigue between 0 (not at all) and 10 (very very hard).</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Actual">19</enrollment>
    <condition>Healthy Participants</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Unilateral Heel Raise</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>Muscle fatigue was created by exercise consisting of a combination of repetitive plantar flexion and dorsiflexion movements performed during the entire range of motion of the ankle at the frequency of movement determined by the metronome on one step.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Closed Chain Resisted Foot Adduction</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>The exercise was performed on the designed wooden assembly. The device was used to maintain the neutral position of the subtalar joint, stabilize the lateral and medial malleoli, and prevent compensation with the knee and hip joints. Individuals were seated with the knee flexed approximately 80 degrees and separated from the other extremity by the length of the forearm, and the contralateral knee was stabilized with the ipsilateral hand. The foot was brought from the abduction position to the adduction position and the heel was not lifted from the ground throughout the movement. The exercise was performed using a green elastic band.The movement was performed in sets of 50 concentric/eccentric contractions. A rest period of 10 seconds was added between each set.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Combined Exercise</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>Unilateral Heel Raise and Closed Chain Resisted Foot Adduction exercises were performed sequentially.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Evaluation of Viscoelastic and mechanical properties with MyotonPRO</intervention_name>
      <description>MyotonPro™, a handheld, non-invasive and painless device, is used for non-invasive measurement of the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of soft biological tissues such as superficial skeletal muscles, fascia, tendons and ligaments. The properties of the structures can be measured from different regions during complete rest or contraction.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Closed Chain Resisted Foot Adduction</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Combined Exercise</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Unilateral Heel Raise</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Agreeing to participate in the study voluntarily&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Being a healthy, sedentary male individual between the ages of 18 and 35&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Being in categories 1 and 2 according to the International Physical Activity Survey&#xD;
               (UFAA)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Having a normal Body Mass Index (BMI) (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤24.9 kg/m2)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Having a neutral foot posture (&lt;6 points in the Foot Posture Index)&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Refusing to participate in the study or wanting to leave the study&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Having a history of previous surgery in the lower extremity&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Being diagnosed with a musculoskeletal disease&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Having any chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease,&#xD;
               osteoporosis, rheumatism, etc.)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Having a skin lesion in the area to be measured&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Significant weakness in the lower extremity gross muscle test&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Any limitation in the normal range of motion of the lower extremity&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Having any deformity in the foot (pes planus, pes cavus, hallux valgus)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Navicular drop distance ≥10 mm&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Limitation in the range of motion of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (hallux&#xD;
               rigidus-limitus)&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>Female</gender>
      <gender_based>Yes</gender_based>
      <gender_description>Only males were included, as sex hormones could affect the structural properties of soft tissues such as muscle and fascia.</gender_description>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>35 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Simge Dönmez</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Kütahya Health Sciences University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Fatmagül Varol</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>University of Health Sciences</name>
        <address>
          <city>İstanbul</city>
          <state>Uskudar</state>
          <zip>34862</zip>
          <country>Turkey</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Turkey</country>
    </location_countries>
    <verification_date>September 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 29, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 29, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 6, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>September 6, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>September 6, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 11, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Sponsor-Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Simge Dönmez</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Physiotherapist</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>viscoelastic properties</keyword>
    <keyword>MyotonPRO</keyword>
    <keyword>fatigue</keyword>
    <keyword>plantar fascia</keyword>
    <keyword>Achilles tendon</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Fatigue</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06025266
  org study id: 11-959
  nct id: NCT06025266
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  In healthy individuals, fatigue in the foot muscles increases the load and stress on the
        feet. The extrinsic muscles of the foot, which investigators aimed to create fatigue in this
        study, are closely related anatomically and functionally to the plantar fascia and Achilles
        tendon. Considering that fatigue or weakness of the foot extrinsic muscles is an important
        risk factor for foot-ankle pathologies, it is important to reveal the relationship with the
        plantar fascia and Achilles tendon in healthy sedentary individuals and to determine
        mechanical properties of the feet of the participants to prevent possible foot injuries.
        Therefore, the aim of this study is to show the acute effects of fatigue in the extrinsic
        muscles of the foot on the viscoelastic properties of the plantar fascia and Achilles tendon.
        The study was completed with 19 people who met the inclusion criteria. Before starting the
        study, the dominant foot of the participants was determined, physical activity level was
        determined, foot posture index and foot posture were evaluated, navicular height and fall
        distance of the foot were measured, m.gastrocnemius shortness was measured with the
        Silfverskiöld test, flexibility was evaluated with a baseline sitting bench, tendon and
        fascia measurements were made with the MyotonPRO device. After the measurements, the
        participant was trained to perform the heel raise exercise. When the exercise was completed,
        the participant's foot Myoton measurements were repeated. One week later, pre-exercise Myoton
        measurement was performed, then the participant was trained for the foot adduction exercise.
        When the exercise was completed, the participant's foot Myotone measurements were repeated.
        In another week, pre-exercise Myotone measurement was performed, then heel raising and foot
        adduction exercises were performed sequentially. When the exercise was completed, the
        participant's foot Myoton measurements were repeated.
  This study was carried out on healthy, sedentary male individuals between the ages of 18-35.
        In the power analysis to estimate the sample size, Usgu et al. (2020), it was determined that
        there should be a minimum of 17 observations in each group, with a statistical power level of
        82.2% and a significance level of 5%. The study was completed in 3 groups in line with the
        selected exercises. Firstly, 42 young individuals were included in the study. However, after
        the preliminary evaluation, 23 individuals who did not meet the inclusion criteria and did
        not provide continuity to the study were excluded from the study. This study was completed
        with 19 healthy male individuals with a mean age of 21.37(SD 2.21) years.
  allocation: Non-Randomized
  intervention model: Crossover Assignment
  intervention model description: The same 19 people were seen 3 times to evaluate.
  primary purpose: Other
  masking: None (Open Label)
  measure: Biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of tissue
  time frame: 3 weeks
  description: Biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of AT and PF were performed using MyotonPro™ (Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia) device. Before and immediately after the application of the fatigue protocol, AT and PF measurements were made separately with the MyotonPro™ device. The measurement points determined for AT and PF of individuals during rest were marked with a medical marker pen (16). The measurement points of each person and their distances to the anatomical points were measured with the help of a tape measure and recorded in their files to find the same point again. During the measurement, the probe of the device was adjusted to pulse once into the skin with a force of 0.4 N and for 15 ms. During the test, the tip of the MyotonPro™ device was placed perpendicular to the marked area and gently pressed against the skin at a depth of 3 mm until the green light came on.
  measure: Identifying the Dominant Foot
  time frame: 1 day
  description: The dominant foot was determined using the ball-kicking method. While the individual was standing, a ball was placed in the middle of both feet and the individual was asked to hit the ball with his foot. The extremity on which the individual hit the ball was accepted as dominant.
  The dominant foot was determined using the ball-kicking method. While the individual was standing, a ball was placed in the middle of both feet and the individual was asked to hit the ball with his foot. The extremity on which the individual hit the ball was accepted as dominant.
  measure: Physical Activity Level
  time frame: 1 day
  description: The physical activity level of the individuals was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short Form. This scale, whose short form consists of 7 items, provides information about the time spent during the activity by classifying the activity according to the differences in intensity level. Total Physical Activity Score; The vigorous and moderate physical activity and walking times of the participants in the last 7 days were calculated with the formulas by multiplying the minutes, the number of days and the MET-minute score appropriate for the physical activity performed (MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task)-min/week). According to the questionnaire, physical activity levels are those who are not physically active (<600 MET-min/week), low physical activity level (600-3000 MET-min/week) and adequate physical activity level (beneficial for health) (> 3000 MET-min/week).
  measure: Sit-Reach Test
  time frame: 1 day
  description: In particular, a sit-reach bench (Baseline®, Cooper Institute/YMCA, AAHPERD, New York, USA) was used to measure the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles. Subjects were asked to contact a standard sit-and-reach bench in a sitting position, with their backs against the wall and their knees in full extension, with the soles of their feet flat on the box. Then, individuals were asked to reach forward as far as possible by pushing the device apparatus with their fingertips without lifting their knees, with their palms facing down. Measurements were repeated 3 times and the average of the values was recorded.
  measure: Silfverskiold Test
  time frame: 1 day
  description: The muscle shortness assessment of the individuals regarding M. Gastrocnemius was performed on both ankles while in the supine position using the Silfverskiold method and universal goniometer. While the knee joint was in full extension and 90° flexion, and the subtalar joint was in the neutral position, the dorsiflexion of the ankle was passively performed by the assessor, and the fixed arm of the universal goniometer was measured on the fibula shaft and the mobile arm was placed on the fifth metatarsal shaft. The resulting angles were recorded in degrees.
  measure: Navicular Height
  time frame: 1 day
  description: The navicular height was defined as the distance of the navicular tubercle to the ground when the individual was standing in a relaxed position. In our study; Subjects were asked to stand in a comfortable position for navicular height assessment. The medial protrusion of the tuberosity of the navicular was detected and marked by palpation, and the distance between this point and the ground was measured using a millimetric ruler. The result is recorded in millimeters
  measure: Navicular Drop Distance
  time frame: 1 day
  description: Before the measurement, the medial protrusion of the tuberosity of the navicular was detected and marked by palpation. The height of the navicular tubercle was determined with the help of a millimetric ruler placed on the medial part of the foot while the individuals were sitting in a chair with the soles of their feet touching the ground and the hips and knees flexed to 90°. Individuals were asked to stand up and the height of the navicular tubercle was determined again. The amount of change was determined with the help of a ruler and recorded. Each measurement was repeated 3 times and the average value was recorded in millimeters.
  measure: Evaluation of Foot Posture
  time frame: 1 day
  description: Foot Posture Index-6 was used to evaluate foot posture. During the evaluation, the subjects were asked to stand in a way that was comfortable, without moving. Test; It was performed by the physiotherapist based on observation and palpation while the individual was in a static and comfortable standing position. The index consists of 6 items in total, 3 items in the forefoot and 3 items in the hindfoot. In the study; Evaluations were made bilaterally based on observation and palpation from the posterior, medial, lateral and anterior aspects.
  measure: Evaluation of Fatigue
  time frame: 3 weeks
  description: The level of fatigue perceived by the individuals during the study was evaluated with the "Borg Fatigue Scale" immediately after completing the fatigue protocol exercises. Developed by Borg, this scale has 10 levels in its modified form, and the category ratio scale consists of definitions corresponding to certain numbers. The participant was asked to score the perceived fatigue between 0 (not at all) and 10 (very very hard).
  arm group label: Unilateral Heel Raise
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: Muscle fatigue was created by exercise consisting of a combination of repetitive plantar flexion and dorsiflexion movements performed during the entire range of motion of the ankle at the frequency of movement determined by the metronome on one step.
  arm group label: Closed Chain Resisted Foot Adduction
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: The exercise was performed on the designed wooden assembly. The device was used to maintain the neutral position of the subtalar joint, stabilize the lateral and medial malleoli, and prevent compensation with the knee and hip joints. Individuals were seated with the knee flexed approximately 80 degrees and separated from the other extremity by the length of the forearm, and the contralateral knee was stabilized with the ipsilateral hand. The foot was brought from the abduction position to the adduction position and the heel was not lifted from the ground throughout the movement. The exercise was performed using a green elastic band.The movement was performed in sets of 50 concentric/eccentric contractions. A rest period of 10 seconds was added between each set.
  arm group label: Combined Exercise
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: Unilateral Heel Raise and Closed Chain Resisted Foot Adduction exercises were performed sequentially.
  intervention type: Device
  intervention name: Evaluation of Viscoelastic and mechanical properties with MyotonPRO
  description: MyotonPro™, a handheld, non-invasive and painless device, is used for non-invasive measurement of the biomechanical and viscoelastic properties of soft biological tissues such as superficial skeletal muscles, fascia, tendons and ligaments. The properties of the structures can be measured from different regions during complete rest or contraction.
  arm group label: Closed Chain Resisted Foot Adduction
  arm group label: Combined Exercise
  arm group label: Unilateral Heel Raise
  criteria: 
  gender: Female
  gender based: Yes
  gender description: Only males were included, as sex hormones could affect the structural properties of soft tissues such as muscle and fascia.
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 35 Years
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  last name: Simge Dönmez
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Kütahya Health Sciences University
  last name: Fatmagül Varol
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
  facility: 
  country: Turkey
  responsible party type: Sponsor-Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
  investigator full name: Simge Dönmez
  investigator title: Physiotherapist
  mesh term: Fatigue
  sharing ipd: No