xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06011928</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>UskudarU65</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06011928</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Motor Imagery Focused Pelvic Floor Exercises and Relaxation the Treatment of Dysmenorrhea Comparison of Exercises</brief_title>
    <official_title>Motor Imagery Focused Pelvic Floor Exercises and Relaxation the Treatment of Dysmenorrhea Comparison of Exercises</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Uskudar University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Uskudar University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The aim of this study is to compare the effects of motor imagery focused pelvic floor&#xD;
        exercises and relaxation exercises used in the treatment of dysmenorrhea on pain and&#xD;
        menstrual symptoms.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Quantitative research methods were used in the study and it was a randomized type study. The&#xD;
        sample of the study consisted of women between the ages of 18-30 who volunteered to&#xD;
        participate in the study, showed symptoms of dysmenorrhea and can be accessed online. The&#xD;
        names of female participants who volunteered to participate in the study and met the&#xD;
        inclusion criteria were written on papers and put in a bag. Papers will be randomly selected&#xD;
        by the evaluator by drawing lots. Participants will be randomly divided into 3 groups: motor&#xD;
        imagery focused pelvic floor exercise group, relaxation exercise group, and combined group.&#xD;
        Among the participants who agreed to participate in the study, the sociodemographic and&#xD;
        menstrual characteristics information form and the Visual Analogue Scale value of 5 and above&#xD;
        on the day when the menstrual cycle is most severe were included in the study, and the McGill&#xD;
        Pain Questionnaire-Short Form, Menstruation Attitude Scale (MBI), Functional and Emotional&#xD;
        Dysmenorrhea Scale (FEDS) they will be asked to fill in. After the groups are formed, video&#xD;
        home exercise programs will be delivered online (whatsApp, mail, etc.) to the participants.&#xD;
        Individuals will be asked to apply the created video home exercise program individually in&#xD;
        their own environment. Before the participants start their exercise programs, exercise&#xD;
        programs will be taught by online interview. You will be asked to do the exercises for 8&#xD;
        weeks, 3 days a week. After the 8-week exercise program is over, the participants will be&#xD;
        asked to fill in the McGill Pain Questionnaire- Short Form, Menstruation Attitude Scale&#xD;
        (MBI), Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale (FEDS) on the day when the menstrual pain&#xD;
        is most severe. Pre- and post-intervention data were statistically analyzed and compared.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">September 1, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">October 2023</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">October 2023</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Visual Analogue Scale</measure>
      <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
      <description>The VAS was used on the most severe day of the menstrual cycle to determine the severity of pain, which is one of the inclusion criteria of the participants before starting the study. Subjects were asked to mark the degree of pain they felt on a straight line of 100 millimeters (mm). A 0 at the beginning means no pain and a maximum of 10 at the end of the line means unbearable pain. The point determined on the line expresses the intensity of pain that people feel during menstruation.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>McGill pain questionnaire- short form</measure>
      <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
      <description>It is a questionnaire used to describe the severity and quality of the pain that a person feels during menstruation. A high score indicates a high level of pain. The questionnaire consists of three parts. In the first part, there are 15 descriptive word groups, 11 of which are to evaluate the emotional/perceptual dimension of pain and 4 to evaluate the emotional/emotional dimension of pain. Words are rated from 0 to 3 (0= None at all, 1= Mild, 2=Moderate, 3= Severe). In the first part, three pain scores are obtained: sensory pain score, perceptual pain score and total pain score. Pain quality scores are obtained with sensory/perceptual 0-33 points, emotional/emotional 0-12 points, and a total of 0-45 points. The second part is the display of the pain intensity of his work on a scale. A low value indicates a low level of pain, and a high value indicates severe. The third section has five word groups ranging from 'mild pain' to 'unbearable pain' to describe one's pain.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Menstruation attitude scale (MBI)</measure>
      <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
      <description>It is used to evaluate the positive / negative aspects of menstruation. The scale is a Likert-type scale consisting of 33 items and five subscales. The subscales and the items of the subscales are as follows:&#xD;
  Menstruation as a debilitating phenomenon (12 items),&#xD;
  Menstruation as a disturbing phenomenon (6 items),&#xD;
  Menstruation as a natural phenomenon (5 items),&#xD;
  Noticing/anticipating that menstruation will occur (5 items),&#xD;
  Denial of the effects of menstruation (7 items) The scale is evaluated by scoring between 1 and 7, and the Turkish form has been converted into scoring between 1 and 5. Participants are asked to mark the most appropriate option (1. Strongly disagree, 2. Disagree, 3. Undecided, 4. Agree, 5. Totally agree).</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Functional and emotional dysmenorrhea scale (FEDS)</measure>
      <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
      <description>Evaluates dysmenorrhea functionally and emotionally. It consists of 14 items and 2 sub-dimensions. In the scale, each item is scored between 1 and 5 (1. Not at all similar to my situation, 2. Not similar to my situation, 3. Similar or not similar to my situation, 4. Considered similar to my situation, 5. Very similar to my situation). The presence of a high score indicates that the level of functional and emotional impact of dysmenorrhea is high.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">60</enrollment>
    <condition>Dysmenorrhea</condition>
    <condition>Gynecologic Disease</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Motor imagery focused pelvic floor exercise (MOPEXE)</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>Internal imagery technique, one of the imagery techniques, will be applied to the participants.&#xD;
  Exercise program 8 weeks, 3 days a week, 3 sets of 10 repetitions of each movement and between sets It is planned to rest for 10 seconds.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Relaxation exercise (RE) group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>One of the relaxation methods, Progressive Relaxation Exercises will be used.Exercises will be required to be applied 3 days a week, as 1 set of 10 repetitions per day.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Combined exercise group (CEG)</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>With the video home exercise program, the participants performed progressive relaxation exercises, respectively. then they will be provided with motor imagery focused pelvic floor exercises. A rest period of 5 minutes will be applied between two different exercise programs.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>MOPEX Exercise</intervention_name>
      <description>Exercises to be done in order:&#xD;
  Pelvic tilt in supine position&#xD;
  Bridge building&#xD;
  Pelvic stretching&#xD;
  Ball spin&#xD;
  Cat-camel exercise&#xD;
  Exercise program 8 weeks, 3 days a week, 3 sets of 10 repetitions of each movement and between sets It is planned to rest for 10 seconds</description>
      <arm_group_label>Motor imagery focused pelvic floor exercise (MOPEXE)</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Relaxation Exercise</intervention_name>
      <description>Progressive muscle relaxation exercises, respectively, facial muscles, neck and shoulders, right-left arm, right-left hand, back muscles, chest muscles, abdominal muscles, hip, right-left leg, right-left foot muscles are contracted while breathing deeply and slowly, and relaxing when exhaling. will be displayed. Each muscle is contracted for 5 seconds and relaxed for 10 seconds. will be held. Before moving on to the new muscle group in intermuscular contraction and relaxation, several times in between Slow and deep breathing will be practiced. After all the muscles are contracted and relaxed in sequence, Then, while inhaling, all the muscles contract simultaneously and while exhaling, will be loosened.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Relaxation exercise (RE) group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Combine Exercise</intervention_name>
      <description>Exercises to be done in order:&#xD;
  Pelvic tilt in supine position Bridge building Pelvic stretching Ball spin Cat-camel exercise Exercise program 8 weeks, 3 days a week, 3 sets of 10 repetitions of each movement and between sets It is planned to rest for 10 seconds.&#xD;
  Progressive muscle relaxation exercises, respectively, facial muscles, neck and shoulders, right-left arm, right-left hand, back muscles, chest muscles, abdominal muscles, hip, right-left leg, right-left foot muscles are contracted while breathing deeply and slowly, and relaxing when exhaling. will be displayed. Each muscle is contracted for 5 seconds and relaxed for 10 seconds. will be held. Before moving on to the new muscle group in intermuscular contraction and relaxation, several times in between Slow and deep breathing will be practiced. After all the muscles are contracted and relaxed in sequence, Then, while inhaling, all the muscles contract simultaneously and while exhaling, will be loosened.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Combined exercise group (CEG)</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Having a normal menstrual cycle (24-35 days),&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  never having given birth&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  According to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the pain level during the menstruation&#xD;
               period is 10.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  to give a score of 5 or more out of cooperative and oriented&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Volunteer to participate in the study.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Having an active sexual life&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Receiving psychiatric treatment for stress disorder or anxiety, using birth control&#xD;
               pills,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Those with irregular menstrual cycles (less than 21 days or longer than 35 days)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  those with a menstrual cycle period),&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  undergoing any gynecological surgery,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  A mental, cardiovascular, pulmonary, or orthopedic disorder that may interfere with&#xD;
               exercise have a disease&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>Female</gender>
      <gender_based>Yes</gender_based>
      <gender_description>dysmenorrhea is a female disease</gender_description>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>30 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Selda KOÇOĞLU</last_name>
      <role>Study Chair</role>
      <affiliation>Uskudar University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Ömer ŞEVGİN</last_name>
      <phone>+905069787535</phone>
      <email>omer.sevgin@uskudar.edu.tr</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Üsküdar Unıversıty</name>
        <address>
          <city>Istanbul</city>
          <country>Turkey</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
      <status>Recruiting</status>
      <contact>
        <last_name>Ömer ŞEVGİN</last_name>
        <phone>+905069787535</phone>
        <email>omer.sevgin@uskudar.edu.tr</email>
      </contact>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Turkey</country>
    </location_countries>
    <reference>
      <citation>McKenna KA, Fogleman CD. Dysmenorrhea. Am Fam Physician. 2021 Aug 1;104(2):164-170.</citation>
      <PMID>34383437</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Boztas Elverisli G, Armagan N, Atilgan E. Comparison of the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments in women with primary dysmenorrhea: randomized controlled parallel-group study. Ginekol Pol. 2022 Apr 14. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2022.0009. Online ahead of print.</citation>
      <PMID>35419791</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Daley AJ. Exercise and primary dysmenorrhoea : a comprehensive and critical review of the literature. Sports Med. 2008;38(8):659-70. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200838080-00004.</citation>
      <PMID>18620466</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Armour M, Ee CC, Naidoo D, Ayati Z, Chalmers KJ, Steel KA, de Manincor MJ, Delshad E. Exercise for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Sep 20;9(9):CD004142. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004142.pub4.</citation>
      <PMID>31538328</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Fuentes-Aparicio L, Cuenca-Martinez F, Munoz-Gomez E, Molla-Casanova S, Aguilar-Rodriguez M, Sempere-Rubio N. Effects of Therapeutic Exercise in Primary Dysmenorrhea: An Umbrella &amp; Mapping Review Therapeutic Exercise in Primary Dysmenorrhea. Pain Med. 2023 Aug 9:pnad104. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnad104. Online ahead of print.</citation>
      <PMID>37555833</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Lopez-Liria R, Torres-Alamo L, Vega-Ramirez FA, Garcia-Luengo AV, Aguilar-Parra JM, Trigueros-Ramos R, Rocamora-Perez P. Efficacy of Physiotherapy Treatment in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 23;18(15):7832. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18157832.</citation>
      <PMID>34360122</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>September 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 3, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 21, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 25, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>September 1, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>September 1, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 5, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Uskudar University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ömer Şevgin</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>assistant professor doctor</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Dysmenorrhea</keyword>
    <keyword>Menstrual symptom</keyword>
    <keyword>Imagination</keyword>
    <keyword>Relaxation</keyword>
    <keyword>Pelvic floor exercises</keyword>
    <keyword>exercise</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Genital Diseases, Female</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Dysmenorrhea</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06011928
  org study id: UskudarU65
  nct id: NCT06011928
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  The aim of this study is to compare the effects of motor imagery focused pelvic floor
        exercises and relaxation exercises used in the treatment of dysmenorrhea on pain and
        menstrual symptoms.
  Quantitative research methods were used in the study and it was a randomized type study. The
        sample of the study consisted of women between the ages of 18-30 who volunteered to
        participate in the study, showed symptoms of dysmenorrhea and can be accessed online. The
        names of female participants who volunteered to participate in the study and met the
        inclusion criteria were written on papers and put in a bag. Papers will be randomly selected
        by the evaluator by drawing lots. Participants will be randomly divided into 3 groups: motor
        imagery focused pelvic floor exercise group, relaxation exercise group, and combined group.
        Among the participants who agreed to participate in the study, the sociodemographic and
        menstrual characteristics information form and the Visual Analogue Scale value of 5 and above
        on the day when the menstrual cycle is most severe were included in the study, and the McGill
        Pain Questionnaire-Short Form, Menstruation Attitude Scale (MBI), Functional and Emotional
        Dysmenorrhea Scale (FEDS) they will be asked to fill in. After the groups are formed, video
        home exercise programs will be delivered online (whatsApp, mail, etc.) to the participants.
        Individuals will be asked to apply the created video home exercise program individually in
        their own environment. Before the participants start their exercise programs, exercise
        programs will be taught by online interview. You will be asked to do the exercises for 8
        weeks, 3 days a week. After the 8-week exercise program is over, the participants will be
        asked to fill in the McGill Pain Questionnaire- Short Form, Menstruation Attitude Scale
        (MBI), Functional and Emotional Dysmenorrhea Scale (FEDS) on the day when the menstrual pain
        is most severe. Pre- and post-intervention data were statistically analyzed and compared.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  primary purpose: Treatment
  masking: Single (Participant)
  measure: Visual Analogue Scale
  time frame: 10 weeks
  description: The VAS was used on the most severe day of the menstrual cycle to determine the severity of pain, which is one of the inclusion criteria of the participants before starting the study. Subjects were asked to mark the degree of pain they felt on a straight line of 100 millimeters (mm). A 0 at the beginning means no pain and a maximum of 10 at the end of the line means unbearable pain. The point determined on the line expresses the intensity of pain that people feel during menstruation.
  measure: McGill pain questionnaire- short form
  time frame: 10 weeks
  description: It is a questionnaire used to describe the severity and quality of the pain that a person feels during menstruation. A high score indicates a high level of pain. The questionnaire consists of three parts. In the first part, there are 15 descriptive word groups, 11 of which are to evaluate the emotional/perceptual dimension of pain and 4 to evaluate the emotional/emotional dimension of pain. Words are rated from 0 to 3 (0= None at all, 1= Mild, 2=Moderate, 3= Severe). In the first part, three pain scores are obtained: sensory pain score, perceptual pain score and total pain score. Pain quality scores are obtained with sensory/perceptual 0-33 points, emotional/emotional 0-12 points, and a total of 0-45 points. The second part is the display of the pain intensity of his work on a scale. A low value indicates a low level of pain, and a high value indicates severe. The third section has five word groups ranging from 'mild pain' to 'unbearable pain' to describe one's pain.
  measure: Menstruation attitude scale (MBI)
  time frame: 10 weeks
  description: It is used to evaluate the positive / negative aspects of menstruation. The scale is a Likert-type scale consisting of 33 items and five subscales. The subscales and the items of the subscales are as follows:
  Menstruation as a debilitating phenomenon (12 items),
  Menstruation as a disturbing phenomenon (6 items),
  Menstruation as a natural phenomenon (5 items),
  Noticing/anticipating that menstruation will occur (5 items),
  Denial of the effects of menstruation (7 items) The scale is evaluated by scoring between 1 and 7, and the Turkish form has been converted into scoring between 1 and 5. Participants are asked to mark the most appropriate option (1. Strongly disagree, 2. Disagree, 3. Undecided, 4. Agree, 5. Totally agree).
  measure: Functional and emotional dysmenorrhea scale (FEDS)
  time frame: 10 weeks
  description: Evaluates dysmenorrhea functionally and emotionally. It consists of 14 items and 2 sub-dimensions. In the scale, each item is scored between 1 and 5 (1. Not at all similar to my situation, 2. Not similar to my situation, 3. Similar or not similar to my situation, 4. Considered similar to my situation, 5. Very similar to my situation). The presence of a high score indicates that the level of functional and emotional impact of dysmenorrhea is high.
  arm group label: Motor imagery focused pelvic floor exercise (MOPEXE)
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: Internal imagery technique, one of the imagery techniques, will be applied to the participants.
  Exercise program 8 weeks, 3 days a week, 3 sets of 10 repetitions of each movement and between sets It is planned to rest for 10 seconds.
  arm group label: Relaxation exercise (RE) group
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: One of the relaxation methods, Progressive Relaxation Exercises will be used.Exercises will be required to be applied 3 days a week, as 1 set of 10 repetitions per day.
  arm group label: Combined exercise group (CEG)
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: With the video home exercise program, the participants performed progressive relaxation exercises, respectively. then they will be provided with motor imagery focused pelvic floor exercises. A rest period of 5 minutes will be applied between two different exercise programs.
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: MOPEX Exercise
  description: Exercises to be done in order:
  Pelvic tilt in supine position
  Bridge building
  Pelvic stretching
  Ball spin
  Cat-camel exercise
  Exercise program 8 weeks, 3 days a week, 3 sets of 10 repetitions of each movement and between sets It is planned to rest for 10 seconds
  arm group label: Motor imagery focused pelvic floor exercise (MOPEXE)
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Relaxation Exercise
  description: Progressive muscle relaxation exercises, respectively, facial muscles, neck and shoulders, right-left arm, right-left hand, back muscles, chest muscles, abdominal muscles, hip, right-left leg, right-left foot muscles are contracted while breathing deeply and slowly, and relaxing when exhaling. will be displayed. Each muscle is contracted for 5 seconds and relaxed for 10 seconds. will be held. Before moving on to the new muscle group in intermuscular contraction and relaxation, several times in between Slow and deep breathing will be practiced. After all the muscles are contracted and relaxed in sequence, Then, while inhaling, all the muscles contract simultaneously and while exhaling, will be loosened.
  arm group label: Relaxation exercise (RE) group
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Combine Exercise
  description: Exercises to be done in order:
  Pelvic tilt in supine position Bridge building Pelvic stretching Ball spin Cat-camel exercise Exercise program 8 weeks, 3 days a week, 3 sets of 10 repetitions of each movement and between sets It is planned to rest for 10 seconds.
  Progressive muscle relaxation exercises, respectively, facial muscles, neck and shoulders, right-left arm, right-left hand, back muscles, chest muscles, abdominal muscles, hip, right-left leg, right-left foot muscles are contracted while breathing deeply and slowly, and relaxing when exhaling. will be displayed. Each muscle is contracted for 5 seconds and relaxed for 10 seconds. will be held. Before moving on to the new muscle group in intermuscular contraction and relaxation, several times in between Slow and deep breathing will be practiced. After all the muscles are contracted and relaxed in sequence, Then, while inhaling, all the muscles contract simultaneously and while exhaling, will be loosened.
  arm group label: Combined exercise group (CEG)
  criteria: 
  gender: Female
  gender based: Yes
  gender description: dysmenorrhea is a female disease
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 30 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Selda KOÇOĞLU
  role: Study Chair
  affiliation: Uskudar University
  last name: Ömer ŞEVGİN
  phone: +905069787535
  email: omer.sevgin@uskudar.edu.tr
  facility: 
  status: Recruiting
  contact: 
  country: Turkey
  citation: McKenna KA, Fogleman CD. Dysmenorrhea. Am Fam Physician. 2021 Aug 1;104(2):164-170.
  PMID: 34383437
  citation: Boztas Elverisli G, Armagan N, Atilgan E. Comparison of the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments in women with primary dysmenorrhea: randomized controlled parallel-group study. Ginekol Pol. 2022 Apr 14. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2022.0009. Online ahead of print.
  PMID: 35419791
  citation: Daley AJ. Exercise and primary dysmenorrhoea : a comprehensive and critical review of the literature. Sports Med. 2008;38(8):659-70. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200838080-00004.
  PMID: 18620466
  citation: Armour M, Ee CC, Naidoo D, Ayati Z, Chalmers KJ, Steel KA, de Manincor MJ, Delshad E. Exercise for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Sep 20;9(9):CD004142. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004142.pub4.
  PMID: 31538328
  citation: Fuentes-Aparicio L, Cuenca-Martinez F, Munoz-Gomez E, Molla-Casanova S, Aguilar-Rodriguez M, Sempere-Rubio N. Effects of Therapeutic Exercise in Primary Dysmenorrhea: An Umbrella & Mapping Review Therapeutic Exercise in Primary Dysmenorrhea. Pain Med. 2023 Aug 9:pnad104. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnad104. Online ahead of print.
  PMID: 37555833
  citation: Lopez-Liria R, Torres-Alamo L, Vega-Ramirez FA, Garcia-Luengo AV, Aguilar-Parra JM, Trigueros-Ramos R, Rocamora-Perez P. Efficacy of Physiotherapy Treatment in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 23;18(15):7832. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18157832.
  PMID: 34360122
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Uskudar University
  investigator full name: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ömer Şevgin
  investigator title: assistant professor doctor
  mesh term: Genital Diseases, Female
  mesh term: Dysmenorrhea
  sharing ipd: No