xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05970848</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>202302060RINC</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT05970848</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Washing Pipe With a Spray Nozzle for Topical Anesthesia During Bronchoscopy</brief_title>
    <official_title>Washing Pipe With a Spray Nozzle for Topical Airway Anesthesia Using the Spray-as-You-Go Technique During Flexible Bronchoscopy: A Randomized Control Trial</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>National Taiwan University Hospital</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>National Taiwan University Hospital</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The goal of this randomized control trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of&#xD;
        using a spray nozzle, compared to the conventional method, for topical anesthesia by the&#xD;
        spray-as-you-go technique in reducing cough frequency, improving cough, discomfort,&#xD;
        tolerance, satisfaction, reducing the dosage of lidocaine consumption of patients during&#xD;
        flexible bronchoscopy.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">July 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">June 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">May 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>Group S patients will receive topical lidocaine anesthesia via the spray nozzle by the spray as-you-go technique during flexible bronchoscopy. Group C patients will receive topical lidocaine anesthesia with the conventional method by the spray as-you-go technique during flexible bronchoscopy.</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
      <masking_description>Patients will be randomly allocated into one of the two groups by the randomization module in REDCap. Patients and outcomes assessor will be blinded to their grouping.</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Cough rate</measure>
      <time_frame>Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min</time_frame>
      <description>The bronchoscopy procedure will be audio-taped throughout and cough counting will be recorded by an investigator blinded to the patient information and grouping. The cough rate will be calculated as total cough counts divided by procedure time in minute.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Procedure time</measure>
      <time_frame>Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min</time_frame>
      <description>The duration (minute) of the bronchoscopic procedure</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Lidocaine dosage</measure>
      <time_frame>Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min</time_frame>
      <description>Total lidocaine doses dispensed during the bronchoscopic procedure</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Patient tolerance</measure>
      <time_frame>Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min</time_frame>
      <description>Using a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10 to indicate patient tolerance of the bronchoscopy</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Patient satisfaction</measure>
      <time_frame>Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min</time_frame>
      <description>Using a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10 to indicate patient satisfaction of the bronchoscopy</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Adverse events</measure>
      <time_frame>Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min</time_frame>
      <description>Development of adverse events during the bronchoscopic procedure, such as bleeding and oxygen desaturation</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">126</enrollment>
    <condition>Pulmonary Disease</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Group S</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>Group S patients will receive topical lidocaine anesthesia via the spray nozzle by the spray as-you-go technique during flexible bronchoscopy.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Group C</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
      <description>Group C patients will receive topical lidocaine anesthesia with the conventional method by the spray as-you-go technique during flexible bronchoscopy.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Washing Pipe With a Spray Nozzle</intervention_name>
      <description>Administration of topical airway anesthesia via a washing pipe with a spray nozzle using the spray-as-you-go technique</description>
      <arm_group_label>Group S</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            1. Age 18 years or older&#xD;
  &#xD;
            2. A planned flexible bronchoscopy&#xD;
  &#xD;
            3. Being able to communicate with Mandarin Chinese or Taiwanese Hokkien&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            1. are unwilling to join the study&#xD;
  &#xD;
            2. have tracheostomy or are intubated&#xD;
  &#xD;
            3. will receive intravenous anesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy&#xD;
  &#xD;
            4. known to be pregnant&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Chao-Chi Ho, MD, PhD</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>National Taiwan University Hospital</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Chou Hsiao-Chen</last_name>
      <phone>0972651146</phone>
      <email>jillishere95@gmail.com</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <reference>
      <citation>Du Rand IA, Blaikley J, Booton R, Chaudhuri N, Gupta V, Khalid S, Mandal S, Martin J, Mills J, Navani N, Rahman NM, Wrightson JM, Munavvar M; British Thoracic Society Bronchoscopy Guideline Group. British Thoracic Society guideline for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults: accredited by NICE. Thorax. 2013 Aug;68 Suppl 1:i1-i44. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203618. No abstract available.</citation>
      <PMID>23860341</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Criner GJ, Eberhardt R, Fernandez-Bussy S, Gompelmann D, Maldonado F, Patel N, Shah PL, Slebos DJ, Valipour A, Wahidi MM, Weir M, Herth FJ. Interventional Bronchoscopy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Jul 1;202(1):29-50. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201907-1292SO.</citation>
      <PMID>32023078</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Mohan A, Madan K, Hadda V, Tiwari P, Mittal S, Guleria R, Khilnani GC, Luhadia SK, Solanki RN, Gupta KB, Swarnakar R, Gaur SN, Singhal P, Ayub II, Bansal S, Bista PR, Biswal SK, Dhungana A, Doddamani S, Dubey D, Garg A, Hussain T, Iyer H, Kavitha V, Kalai U, Kumar R, Mehta S, Nongpiur VN, Loganathan N, Sryma PB, Pangeni RP, Shrestha P, Singh J, Suri T, Agarwal S, Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Agrawal G, Arora SS, Thangakunam B, Behera D; Jayachandra; Chaudhry D, Chawla R, Chawla R, Chhajed P, Christopher DJ, Daga MK, Das RK, D'Souza G, Dhar R, Dhooria S, Ghoshal AG, Goel M, Gopal B, Goyal R, Gupta N, Jain NK, Jain N, Jindal A, Jindal SK, Kant S, Katiyar S, Katiyar SK, Koul PA, Kumar J, Kumar R, Lall A, Mehta R, Nath A, Pattabhiraman VR, Patel D, Prasad R, Samaria JK, Sehgal IS, Shah S, Sindhwani G, Singh S, Singh V, Singla R, Suri JC, Talwar D, Jayalakshmi TK, Rajagopal TP. Guidelines for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults: Joint Indian Chest Society/National College of chest physicians (I)/Indian association for bronchology recommendations. Lung India. 2019 Jul;36(Supplement):S37-S89. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_108_19.</citation>
      <PMID>32445309</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Madan K, Mohan A, Agarwal R, Hadda V, Khilnani GC, Guleria R. A survey of flexible bronchoscopy practices in India: The Indian bronchoscopy survey (2017). Lung India. 2018 Mar-Apr;35(2):98-107. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_417_17.</citation>
      <PMID>29487243</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Wahidi MM, Jain P, Jantz M, Lee P, Mackensen GB, Barbour SY, Lamb C, Silvestri GA. American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on the use of topical anesthesia, analgesia, and sedation during flexible bronchoscopy in adult patients. Chest. 2011 Nov;140(5):1342-1350. doi: 10.1378/chest.10-3361.</citation>
      <PMID>22045879</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Kim SY, Lee HJ, Lee JK, Park TY, Heo EY, Kim DK, Chung HS, Lee HW. Association between oxygen saturation level during bronchoscopy and post-bronchoscopy adverse events: a retrospective cohort study. Respir Res. 2022 Jun 2;23(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-02063-0.</citation>
      <PMID>35655299</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Fujimoto K, Ishiwata T, Kasai H, Terada J, Shionoya Y, Ikari J, Kawata N, Tada Y, Tsushima K, Tatsumi K. Identification of factors during bronchoscopy that affect patient reluctance to undergo repeat examination: Questionnaire analysis after initial bronchoscopy. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 6;13(12):e0208495. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208495. eCollection 2018.</citation>
      <PMID>30521615</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Ling IT, Piccolo F, Mulrennan SA, Phillips MJ. Posture influences patient cough rate, sedative requirement and comfort during bronchoscopy: An observational cohort study. Cough. 2011 Nov 10;7:9. doi: 10.1186/1745-9974-7-9.</citation>
      <PMID>22074355</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Antoniades N, Worsnop C. Topical lidocaine through the bronchoscope reduces cough rate during bronchoscopy. Respirology. 2009 Aug;14(6):873-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01587.x.</citation>
      <PMID>19703068</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Cai Y, Chen L, Dong D, Ye M, Jin X, Liu F. The utility of a multi-orifice epidural catheter when using the &quot;Spray-as-You-Go&quot; technique for topical Airway Anesthesia during Flexible Bronchoscopy, a randomised trial. J Clin Monit Comput. 2023 Feb;37(1):55-62. doi: 10.1007/s10877-022-00856-8. Epub 2022 Apr 20.</citation>
      <PMID>35441943</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Venkatnarayan K, Devaraj U, Krishnaswamy UM, Ramachandran P, Thomas T, D'Souza G. Comparison of spray catheter with &quot;spray-as-you-go&quot; technique for airway anesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy - A randomized trial. Lung India. 2020 Sep-Oct;37(5):384-388. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_528_19.</citation>
      <PMID>32883896</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Yildirim F, Ozkaya S, Yurdakul AS. Factors affecting patients' comfort during fiberoptic bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound. J Pain Res. 2017 Mar 29;10:775-781. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S118047. eCollection 2017.</citation>
      <PMID>28435314</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Kobayashi F, Saraya T, Oda M, Sakuma S, Watanabe M, Takata S, Tamura M, Takakura H, Nakamoto K, Honda K, Ohkuma K, Mikura S, Inoue M, Hirata A, Kurokawa N, Shirai T, Aso K, Noda A, Miyaoka C, Yoshida Y, Ishikawa N, Morita K, Ieki E, Nakajima H, Ishii H, Takizawa H. Novel predictive factors for patient discomfort and severe cough during bronchoscopy: A prospective questionnaire analysis. PLoS One. 2020 Oct 19;15(10):e0240485. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240485. eCollection 2020.</citation>
      <PMID>33075060</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Lechtzin N, Rubin HR, White P Jr, Jenckes M, Diette GB. Patient satisfaction with bronchoscopy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov 15;166(10):1326-31. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200203-231OC. Epub 2002 Jul 19.</citation>
      <PMID>12406852</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>July 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>May 24, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>July 30, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 1, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>July 30, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>July 30, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 1, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>National Taiwan University Hospital</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Chao-Chi Ho, MD, PhD</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Clinical Professor</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>flexible bronchoscopy</keyword>
    <keyword>topical airway anesthesia</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Lung Diseases</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05970848
  org study id: 202302060RINC
  nct id: NCT05970848
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  The goal of this randomized control trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of
        using a spray nozzle, compared to the conventional method, for topical anesthesia by the
        spray-as-you-go technique in reducing cough frequency, improving cough, discomfort,
        tolerance, satisfaction, reducing the dosage of lidocaine consumption of patients during
        flexible bronchoscopy.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  intervention model description: Group S patients will receive topical lidocaine anesthesia via the spray nozzle by the spray as-you-go technique during flexible bronchoscopy. Group C patients will receive topical lidocaine anesthesia with the conventional method by the spray as-you-go technique during flexible bronchoscopy.
  primary purpose: Prevention
  masking: Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
  masking description: Patients will be randomly allocated into one of the two groups by the randomization module in REDCap. Patients and outcomes assessor will be blinded to their grouping.
  measure: Cough rate
  time frame: Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min
  description: The bronchoscopy procedure will be audio-taped throughout and cough counting will be recorded by an investigator blinded to the patient information and grouping. The cough rate will be calculated as total cough counts divided by procedure time in minute.
  measure: Procedure time
  time frame: Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min
  description: The duration (minute) of the bronchoscopic procedure
  measure: Lidocaine dosage
  time frame: Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min
  description: Total lidocaine doses dispensed during the bronchoscopic procedure
  measure: Patient tolerance
  time frame: Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min
  description: Using a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10 to indicate patient tolerance of the bronchoscopy
  measure: Patient satisfaction
  time frame: Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min
  description: Using a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10 to indicate patient satisfaction of the bronchoscopy
  measure: Adverse events
  time frame: Through the duration of the bronchoscopy exam, an average of 30 min
  description: Development of adverse events during the bronchoscopic procedure, such as bleeding and oxygen desaturation
  arm group label: Group S
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: Group S patients will receive topical lidocaine anesthesia via the spray nozzle by the spray as-you-go technique during flexible bronchoscopy.
  arm group label: Group C
  arm group type: No Intervention
  description: Group C patients will receive topical lidocaine anesthesia with the conventional method by the spray as-you-go technique during flexible bronchoscopy.
  intervention type: Device
  intervention name: Washing Pipe With a Spray Nozzle
  description: Administration of topical airway anesthesia via a washing pipe with a spray nozzle using the spray-as-you-go technique
  arm group label: Group S
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: N/A
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Chao-Chi Ho, MD, PhD
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: National Taiwan University Hospital
  last name: Chou Hsiao-Chen
  phone: 0972651146
  email: jillishere95@gmail.com
  citation: Du Rand IA, Blaikley J, Booton R, Chaudhuri N, Gupta V, Khalid S, Mandal S, Martin J, Mills J, Navani N, Rahman NM, Wrightson JM, Munavvar M; British Thoracic Society Bronchoscopy Guideline Group. British Thoracic Society guideline for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults: accredited by NICE. Thorax. 2013 Aug;68 Suppl 1:i1-i44. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203618. No abstract available.
  PMID: 23860341
  citation: Criner GJ, Eberhardt R, Fernandez-Bussy S, Gompelmann D, Maldonado F, Patel N, Shah PL, Slebos DJ, Valipour A, Wahidi MM, Weir M, Herth FJ. Interventional Bronchoscopy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Jul 1;202(1):29-50. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201907-1292SO.
  PMID: 32023078
  citation: Mohan A, Madan K, Hadda V, Tiwari P, Mittal S, Guleria R, Khilnani GC, Luhadia SK, Solanki RN, Gupta KB, Swarnakar R, Gaur SN, Singhal P, Ayub II, Bansal S, Bista PR, Biswal SK, Dhungana A, Doddamani S, Dubey D, Garg A, Hussain T, Iyer H, Kavitha V, Kalai U, Kumar R, Mehta S, Nongpiur VN, Loganathan N, Sryma PB, Pangeni RP, Shrestha P, Singh J, Suri T, Agarwal S, Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Agrawal G, Arora SS, Thangakunam B, Behera D; Jayachandra; Chaudhry D, Chawla R, Chawla R, Chhajed P, Christopher DJ, Daga MK, Das RK, D'Souza G, Dhar R, Dhooria S, Ghoshal AG, Goel M, Gopal B, Goyal R, Gupta N, Jain NK, Jain N, Jindal A, Jindal SK, Kant S, Katiyar S, Katiyar SK, Koul PA, Kumar J, Kumar R, Lall A, Mehta R, Nath A, Pattabhiraman VR, Patel D, Prasad R, Samaria JK, Sehgal IS, Shah S, Sindhwani G, Singh S, Singh V, Singla R, Suri JC, Talwar D, Jayalakshmi TK, Rajagopal TP. Guidelines for diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adults: Joint Indian Chest Society/National College of chest physicians (I)/Indian association for bronchology recommendations. Lung India. 2019 Jul;36(Supplement):S37-S89. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_108_19.
  PMID: 32445309
  citation: Madan K, Mohan A, Agarwal R, Hadda V, Khilnani GC, Guleria R. A survey of flexible bronchoscopy practices in India: The Indian bronchoscopy survey (2017). Lung India. 2018 Mar-Apr;35(2):98-107. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_417_17.
  PMID: 29487243
  citation: Wahidi MM, Jain P, Jantz M, Lee P, Mackensen GB, Barbour SY, Lamb C, Silvestri GA. American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on the use of topical anesthesia, analgesia, and sedation during flexible bronchoscopy in adult patients. Chest. 2011 Nov;140(5):1342-1350. doi: 10.1378/chest.10-3361.
  PMID: 22045879
  citation: Kim SY, Lee HJ, Lee JK, Park TY, Heo EY, Kim DK, Chung HS, Lee HW. Association between oxygen saturation level during bronchoscopy and post-bronchoscopy adverse events: a retrospective cohort study. Respir Res. 2022 Jun 2;23(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12931-022-02063-0.
  PMID: 35655299
  citation: Fujimoto K, Ishiwata T, Kasai H, Terada J, Shionoya Y, Ikari J, Kawata N, Tada Y, Tsushima K, Tatsumi K. Identification of factors during bronchoscopy that affect patient reluctance to undergo repeat examination: Questionnaire analysis after initial bronchoscopy. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 6;13(12):e0208495. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208495. eCollection 2018.
  PMID: 30521615
  citation: Ling IT, Piccolo F, Mulrennan SA, Phillips MJ. Posture influences patient cough rate, sedative requirement and comfort during bronchoscopy: An observational cohort study. Cough. 2011 Nov 10;7:9. doi: 10.1186/1745-9974-7-9.
  PMID: 22074355
  citation: Antoniades N, Worsnop C. Topical lidocaine through the bronchoscope reduces cough rate during bronchoscopy. Respirology. 2009 Aug;14(6):873-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01587.x.
  PMID: 19703068
  citation: Cai Y, Chen L, Dong D, Ye M, Jin X, Liu F. The utility of a multi-orifice epidural catheter when using the "Spray-as-You-Go" technique for topical Airway Anesthesia during Flexible Bronchoscopy, a randomised trial. J Clin Monit Comput. 2023 Feb;37(1):55-62. doi: 10.1007/s10877-022-00856-8. Epub 2022 Apr 20.
  PMID: 35441943
  citation: Venkatnarayan K, Devaraj U, Krishnaswamy UM, Ramachandran P, Thomas T, D'Souza G. Comparison of spray catheter with "spray-as-you-go" technique for airway anesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy - A randomized trial. Lung India. 2020 Sep-Oct;37(5):384-388. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_528_19.
  PMID: 32883896
  citation: Yildirim F, Ozkaya S, Yurdakul AS. Factors affecting patients' comfort during fiberoptic bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound. J Pain Res. 2017 Mar 29;10:775-781. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S118047. eCollection 2017.
  PMID: 28435314
  citation: Kobayashi F, Saraya T, Oda M, Sakuma S, Watanabe M, Takata S, Tamura M, Takakura H, Nakamoto K, Honda K, Ohkuma K, Mikura S, Inoue M, Hirata A, Kurokawa N, Shirai T, Aso K, Noda A, Miyaoka C, Yoshida Y, Ishikawa N, Morita K, Ieki E, Nakajima H, Ishii H, Takizawa H. Novel predictive factors for patient discomfort and severe cough during bronchoscopy: A prospective questionnaire analysis. PLoS One. 2020 Oct 19;15(10):e0240485. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240485. eCollection 2020.
  PMID: 33075060
  citation: Lechtzin N, Rubin HR, White P Jr, Jenckes M, Diette GB. Patient satisfaction with bronchoscopy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Nov 15;166(10):1326-31. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200203-231OC. Epub 2002 Jul 19.
  PMID: 12406852
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: National Taiwan University Hospital
  investigator full name: Chao-Chi Ho, MD, PhD
  investigator title: Clinical Professor
  mesh term: Lung Diseases
  sharing ipd: No