xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05992051</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>20212069</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT05992051</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Effects of Online Exercise Intervention on Physical and Mental Conditions in Young Adults With Chronic Neck Pain</brief_title>
    <official_title>Effects of Online Exercise Intervention on Physical and Mental Conditions in Young Adults With Chronic Neck Pain</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Beijing Sport University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Beijing Sport University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        This study aimed to compare the efficacy of online exercise therapy with conventional&#xD;
        exercise therapy on pain, function, psychological status and work efficiency of young adults&#xD;
        with chronic neck pain. A randomized clinical trial recruiting 39 university students with&#xD;
        self-reported chronic neck pain was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned into the&#xD;
        experimental group receiving online exercise therapy and the active control group receiving&#xD;
        conventional exercise therapy. Participants in both groups completed the same exercise&#xD;
        program 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks, with either face-to-face or online mode of delivery&#xD;
        by physiotherapists. The pain level was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) based on&#xD;
        average and at maximum intensity. Neck function and work limitations were assessed by the&#xD;
        Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) respectively. The&#xD;
        Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and its subscales (HADS-A and HADS-D) were used&#xD;
        to evaluate the overall symptoms, levels of anxiety and depression respectively. Participants&#xD;
        were assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks while the changes in WLQ were assessed biweekly.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        It is hypothesized that, young adults with chronic neck pain, both the online and&#xD;
        conventional exercise interventions could improve their pain level, neck disability, anxiety&#xD;
        state and work efficiency, and the online exercise intervention appeared feasible as an&#xD;
        alternative treatment option for them.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Study Title： Effects of Online Exercise Intervention on Physical and Mental Conditions in&#xD;
        Young Adults with Chronic Neck Pain Study Population： The target participants were adults&#xD;
        with self-reported non-specific neck pain for more than three months. They were recruited&#xD;
        through posters and social media in the campus of the Beijing Sport University.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Study Design： The present study was an assessor blinded randomized controlled trial conducted&#xD;
        according to the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2013). The Institutional&#xD;
        Review Board of the Beijing Sport University approved the study (reference number: 2023006H).&#xD;
        A randomized clinical trial recruiting 39 university students with self-reported chronic neck&#xD;
        pain was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned into the experimental group receiving&#xD;
        online exercise therapy and the active control group receiving conventional exercise therapy.&#xD;
        Participants in both groups completed the same exercise program 3 sessions per week for 6&#xD;
        weeks, with either face-to-face or online mode of delivery by physiotherapists.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Sample Size Assessment： The sample size for the study was calculated to be 32 using the&#xD;
        G*Power 3.1.9.2 (University Kiel, Germany), with an estimated effect size of group difference&#xD;
        of 0.9 in primary outcomes and a level of significance of 0.05, statistical power of 80% with&#xD;
        2-tailed independent sample t test. With an anticipated dropout rate of 15%, a total of 39&#xD;
        participants was required.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Study Duration： Totally 8 weeks, including 1-week baseline testing, 6-week intervention and&#xD;
        1-week post intervention testing.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Study Intervention Description： Participants in both groups completed the same exercise&#xD;
        program three times a week for six weeks with either face-to-face or online mode of delivery&#xD;
        by physiotherapists.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Primary Objective： The primary objective is to study the effectiveness of online and&#xD;
        conventional exercise therapy on pain level and function in adults with chronic neck pain.&#xD;
        There were three primary outcomes, including average and maximum neck pain using visual&#xD;
        analog scale (VAS), and Neck Disability Index (NDI).&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Secondary Objectives： The secondary objectives are investigating the effectiveness of online&#xD;
        and conventional exercise therapy on mental condition and working efficacy in adults with&#xD;
        chronic neck pain. There were two secondary outcomes: anxiety and depression measured with&#xD;
        the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and work efficiency assessed with the Work&#xD;
        Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ).&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Statistical analysis: Continuous data were expressed as means and standard deviations.&#xD;
        Categorical data were shown as frequencies or percentages, with group comparisons performed&#xD;
        using the Fisher exact test. The normality of continuous data was checked with the&#xD;
        Shapiro-Wilk test. The change scores of the primary and secondary outcome variables from&#xD;
        baseline to end of intervention between the 2 groups were compared using independent sample t&#xD;
        test with approximate data normality. The Cohen's effect sizes of between-group comparisons&#xD;
        were calculated. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparison of non-normal&#xD;
        continuous data. Within-group comparisons were done using paired sample t test.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">April 15, 2021</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Actual">January 30, 2023</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Actual">August 1, 2021</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>Randomized clinical trial with 39 adults with self-reported chronic neck pain recruited. They were randomly assigned into two groups. The experimental group received online exercise therapy and the control group received conventional exercise therapy.&#xD;
  Participants in both groups completed the same exercise program three times a week for six weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS), the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) and The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and its subscales were evaluated. Participants were assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks while the changes in WLQ were assessed biweekly. To ensure the effectiveness of online exercise therapy, therapists delivered the online exercise 3 times a week for 6 weeks, with videoconferencing once a week and posting of exercise record on social media twice a week.</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
      <masking_description>This experiment was performed as a single-blind experiment. The outcomes assessors are specialized personnel who do not participate in the trial intervention process and are not clear about the grouping of participants situation and the intervention situation. Outcome statistics were also performed by dedicated data analysts.</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>visual analog scale (VAS)</measure>
      <time_frame>measured at baseline prior to randomization and after the 6-week intervention period</time_frame>
      <description>A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is one of the pain rating scales used for the first time in 1921 by Hayes and Patterson. It is often used in epidemiologic and clinical research to measure the intensity or frequency of various symptoms. In this study, the VAS is used to measure the average and maximum neck pain level. The outcome is measured with 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS), in which 0 indicating no pain and 10.0 indicating unbearable pain.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Neck Disability Index (NDI)</measure>
      <time_frame>measured at baseline prior to randomization and after the 6-week intervention period</time_frame>
      <description>The Neck Disability Index (NDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to determine how neck pain affects a patient's daily life and to assess the self-rated disability of patients with neck pain. The NDI consists of 10 items related to pain intensity, headache, concentration and different physical activities. The score of each item ranges from 0 to 5. The maximum total score is 50 and the final score will be standardized into 0 to 100. The higher the score of the NDI, the more severe the neck dysfunction is.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)</measure>
      <time_frame>measured at baseline prior to randomization and after the 6-week intervention period</time_frame>
      <description>The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was devised 30 years ago by Zigmond and Snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. In this study, it was used to measure the mental condition of participants. The scale comprises 14 questions which related 2 underlying sub-scale dimensions, anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) respectively. Each subscale has 7 items and each item is scored with 0-3 points. The minimum and maximum values of the HADS are 0 and 42. The higher the score, the more severe the condition is. The minimum and maximum values of the subscales are 0 and 21, and higher scores mean a worse outcome. Those with score ≥8 on HADS-A or HADS-D were considered to be at high risk of having anxiety or depression.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ)</measure>
      <time_frame>measured at baseline prior to randomization and after the 2-week, 4-week, 6-week intervention period</time_frame>
      <description>The Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ-25) is a 25-item objective measure used to evaluate at-work disability and productivity loss. It is a self-reported tool to evaluate the degree of difficulty in completing 25 specific tasks in the past 2 weeks. The score of each task ranges from 1 (no difficulty) to 5 (always having difficulties). The minimum and maximum values of the WLQ are 25 and 125. The higher the score, the lower the work efficiency is.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Actual">39</enrollment>
    <condition>Chronic Non-specific Neck Pain</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>online exercise therapy</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>The participants had weekly online exercise meetings with the physiotherapist in a group of 3-5 participants using online meeting app. Then the participants performed the remaining two sessions of exercises themselves weekly. All the participants of the experimental group received a package of exercise pamphlet and a video disc containing 17-minute exercise demonstrations by the physiotherapist.&#xD;
  At baseline, the suitable elastic bands (Thera-band®) for performing the exercises were selected by testing the 15 repetitions maximum (15RM) of the Modified Brügger's Exercise (MBE) and the Modified Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Diagonal Flexion Exercise (MPNFDFE) for the participants of both the experimental group and control group.&#xD;
  Participants performed the following exercises three times a week for six weeks at home:&#xD;
  A. Warm-up exercises B. Cranio-cervical flexion exercises C. Strength-endurance exercises D. Scapular stabilization exercises E. Stretching exercises</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>conventional exercise therapy</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>Participants in the control group completed the same exercise program three times a week for six weeks with face-to-face mode delivery by physiotherapists.&#xD;
  At baseline, the suitable elastic bands (Thera-band®) for performing the exercises were selected by testing the 15 repetitions maximum (15RM) of the Modified Brügger's Exercise (MBE) and the Modified Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Diagonal Flexion Exercise (MPNFDFE) for the participants of both the experimental group and control group.&#xD;
  Participants performed the following exercises three times a week for six weeks in a group of 3-5 participants in the laboratory of the Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation School of the Beijing Sport University:&#xD;
  A. Warm-up exercises B. Cranio-cervical flexion exercises C. Strength-endurance exercises D. Scapular stabilization exercises E. Stretching exercises</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Exercise Therapy</intervention_name>
      <description>Exercise therapy is considered as the integral component of interventions for chronic non-specific neck pain. It includes different type resistance training, range of motion exercises and stretching exercises to improve neck condition and release symptoms.</description>
      <arm_group_label>conventional exercise therapy</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>online exercise therapy</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  adults between 18 and 50 years of age with neck pain (from occiput to 7th cervical&#xD;
               vertebra) for at least 3 months&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  a score of &gt;= 4/50 on the Neck Disability Index.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  adults with a history of previous neck surgery, cervical radiculopathy, acute neck&#xD;
               injury or fracture&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  persons who had more than two hours of moderate intensity exercise or more than four&#xD;
               hours of low intensity exercise in a week&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  persons who had received any form of physiotherapy treatment in the last 6 months.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>50 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Jinghua Qian, Doctor</last_name>
      <role>Study Chair</role>
      <affiliation>Beijing Sport University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University</name>
        <address>
          <city>Beijing</city>
          <state>Beijing</state>
          <zip>100091</zip>
          <country>China</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>China</country>
    </location_countries>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>July 29, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 7, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 15, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 7, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 7, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 15, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Beijing Sport University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>JINGHUA QIAN</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Professor, deputy dean of School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>chronic neck pain</keyword>
    <keyword>non-specific neck pain</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Neck Pain</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <provided_document_section>
      <provided_document>
        <document_type>Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan</document_type>
        <document_has_protocol>Yes</document_has_protocol>
        <document_has_icf>No</document_has_icf>
        <document_has_sap>Yes</document_has_sap>
        <document_date>August 6, 2023</document_date>
        <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/51/NCT05992051/Prot_SAP_000.pdf</document_url>
      </provided_document>
    </provided_document_section>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05992051
  org study id: 20212069
  nct id: NCT05992051
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  This study aimed to compare the efficacy of online exercise therapy with conventional
        exercise therapy on pain, function, psychological status and work efficiency of young adults
        with chronic neck pain. A randomized clinical trial recruiting 39 university students with
        self-reported chronic neck pain was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned into the
        experimental group receiving online exercise therapy and the active control group receiving
        conventional exercise therapy. Participants in both groups completed the same exercise
        program 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks, with either face-to-face or online mode of delivery
        by physiotherapists. The pain level was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) based on
        average and at maximum intensity. Neck function and work limitations were assessed by the
        Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) respectively. The
        Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and its subscales (HADS-A and HADS-D) were used
        to evaluate the overall symptoms, levels of anxiety and depression respectively. Participants
        were assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks while the changes in WLQ were assessed biweekly.
  
        It is hypothesized that, young adults with chronic neck pain, both the online and
        conventional exercise interventions could improve their pain level, neck disability, anxiety
        state and work efficiency, and the online exercise intervention appeared feasible as an
        alternative treatment option for them.
  Study Title： Effects of Online Exercise Intervention on Physical and Mental Conditions in
        Young Adults with Chronic Neck Pain Study Population： The target participants were adults
        with self-reported non-specific neck pain for more than three months. They were recruited
        through posters and social media in the campus of the Beijing Sport University.
  
        Study Design： The present study was an assessor blinded randomized controlled trial conducted
        according to the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 2013). The Institutional
        Review Board of the Beijing Sport University approved the study (reference number: 2023006H).
        A randomized clinical trial recruiting 39 university students with self-reported chronic neck
        pain was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned into the experimental group receiving
        online exercise therapy and the active control group receiving conventional exercise therapy.
        Participants in both groups completed the same exercise program 3 sessions per week for 6
        weeks, with either face-to-face or online mode of delivery by physiotherapists.
  
        Sample Size Assessment： The sample size for the study was calculated to be 32 using the
        G*Power 3.1.9.2 (University Kiel, Germany), with an estimated effect size of group difference
        of 0.9 in primary outcomes and a level of significance of 0.05, statistical power of 80% with
        2-tailed independent sample t test. With an anticipated dropout rate of 15%, a total of 39
        participants was required.
  
        Study Duration： Totally 8 weeks, including 1-week baseline testing, 6-week intervention and
        1-week post intervention testing.
  
        Study Intervention Description： Participants in both groups completed the same exercise
        program three times a week for six weeks with either face-to-face or online mode of delivery
        by physiotherapists.
  
        Primary Objective： The primary objective is to study the effectiveness of online and
        conventional exercise therapy on pain level and function in adults with chronic neck pain.
        There were three primary outcomes, including average and maximum neck pain using visual
        analog scale (VAS), and Neck Disability Index (NDI).
  
        Secondary Objectives： The secondary objectives are investigating the effectiveness of online
        and conventional exercise therapy on mental condition and working efficacy in adults with
        chronic neck pain. There were two secondary outcomes: anxiety and depression measured with
        the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and work efficiency assessed with the Work
        Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ).
  
        Statistical analysis: Continuous data were expressed as means and standard deviations.
        Categorical data were shown as frequencies or percentages, with group comparisons performed
        using the Fisher exact test. The normality of continuous data was checked with the
        Shapiro-Wilk test. The change scores of the primary and secondary outcome variables from
        baseline to end of intervention between the 2 groups were compared using independent sample t
        test with approximate data normality. The Cohen's effect sizes of between-group comparisons
        were calculated. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparison of non-normal
        continuous data. Within-group comparisons were done using paired sample t test.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  intervention model description: Randomized clinical trial with 39 adults with self-reported chronic neck pain recruited. They were randomly assigned into two groups. The experimental group received online exercise therapy and the control group received conventional exercise therapy.
  Participants in both groups completed the same exercise program three times a week for six weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS), the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) and The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and its subscales were evaluated. Participants were assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks while the changes in WLQ were assessed biweekly. To ensure the effectiveness of online exercise therapy, therapists delivered the online exercise 3 times a week for 6 weeks, with videoconferencing once a week and posting of exercise record on social media twice a week.
  primary purpose: Treatment
  masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
  masking description: This experiment was performed as a single-blind experiment. The outcomes assessors are specialized personnel who do not participate in the trial intervention process and are not clear about the grouping of participants situation and the intervention situation. Outcome statistics were also performed by dedicated data analysts.
  measure: visual analog scale (VAS)
  time frame: measured at baseline prior to randomization and after the 6-week intervention period
  description: A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is one of the pain rating scales used for the first time in 1921 by Hayes and Patterson. It is often used in epidemiologic and clinical research to measure the intensity or frequency of various symptoms. In this study, the VAS is used to measure the average and maximum neck pain level. The outcome is measured with 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS), in which 0 indicating no pain and 10.0 indicating unbearable pain.
  measure: Neck Disability Index (NDI)
  time frame: measured at baseline prior to randomization and after the 6-week intervention period
  description: The Neck Disability Index (NDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to determine how neck pain affects a patient's daily life and to assess the self-rated disability of patients with neck pain. The NDI consists of 10 items related to pain intensity, headache, concentration and different physical activities. The score of each item ranges from 0 to 5. The maximum total score is 50 and the final score will be standardized into 0 to 100. The higher the score of the NDI, the more severe the neck dysfunction is.
  measure: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
  time frame: measured at baseline prior to randomization and after the 6-week intervention period
  description: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was devised 30 years ago by Zigmond and Snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. In this study, it was used to measure the mental condition of participants. The scale comprises 14 questions which related 2 underlying sub-scale dimensions, anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) respectively. Each subscale has 7 items and each item is scored with 0-3 points. The minimum and maximum values of the HADS are 0 and 42. The higher the score, the more severe the condition is. The minimum and maximum values of the subscales are 0 and 21, and higher scores mean a worse outcome. Those with score ≥8 on HADS-A or HADS-D were considered to be at high risk of having anxiety or depression.
  measure: Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ)
  time frame: measured at baseline prior to randomization and after the 2-week, 4-week, 6-week intervention period
  description: The Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ-25) is a 25-item objective measure used to evaluate at-work disability and productivity loss. It is a self-reported tool to evaluate the degree of difficulty in completing 25 specific tasks in the past 2 weeks. The score of each task ranges from 1 (no difficulty) to 5 (always having difficulties). The minimum and maximum values of the WLQ are 25 and 125. The higher the score, the lower the work efficiency is.
  arm group label: online exercise therapy
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: The participants had weekly online exercise meetings with the physiotherapist in a group of 3-5 participants using online meeting app. Then the participants performed the remaining two sessions of exercises themselves weekly. All the participants of the experimental group received a package of exercise pamphlet and a video disc containing 17-minute exercise demonstrations by the physiotherapist.
  At baseline, the suitable elastic bands (Thera-band®) for performing the exercises were selected by testing the 15 repetitions maximum (15RM) of the Modified Brügger's Exercise (MBE) and the Modified Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Diagonal Flexion Exercise (MPNFDFE) for the participants of both the experimental group and control group.
  Participants performed the following exercises three times a week for six weeks at home:
  A. Warm-up exercises B. Cranio-cervical flexion exercises C. Strength-endurance exercises D. Scapular stabilization exercises E. Stretching exercises
  arm group label: conventional exercise therapy
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: Participants in the control group completed the same exercise program three times a week for six weeks with face-to-face mode delivery by physiotherapists.
  At baseline, the suitable elastic bands (Thera-band®) for performing the exercises were selected by testing the 15 repetitions maximum (15RM) of the Modified Brügger's Exercise (MBE) and the Modified Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Diagonal Flexion Exercise (MPNFDFE) for the participants of both the experimental group and control group.
  Participants performed the following exercises three times a week for six weeks in a group of 3-5 participants in the laboratory of the Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation School of the Beijing Sport University:
  A. Warm-up exercises B. Cranio-cervical flexion exercises C. Strength-endurance exercises D. Scapular stabilization exercises E. Stretching exercises
  intervention type: Behavioral
  intervention name: Exercise Therapy
  description: Exercise therapy is considered as the integral component of interventions for chronic non-specific neck pain. It includes different type resistance training, range of motion exercises and stretching exercises to improve neck condition and release symptoms.
  arm group label: conventional exercise therapy
  arm group label: online exercise therapy
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 50 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Jinghua Qian, Doctor
  role: Study Chair
  affiliation: Beijing Sport University
  facility: 
  country: China
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Beijing Sport University
  investigator full name: JINGHUA QIAN
  investigator title: Professor, deputy dean of School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation
  mesh term: Neck Pain
  provided document: 