xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06027723</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>UP-23-00575</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06027723</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Nicotine and Pavlovian Bias</brief_title>
    <official_title>Effects of Acute Nicotine Administration on Motivational Mechanisms</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>University of Southern California</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>University of Southern California</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>Yes</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Nicotine remains a major cause of health problems in the US and around the world. Insight&#xD;
        into the behavioral changes induced by nicotine use may help advance the understanding of the&#xD;
        mechanisms underlying the maintenance of nicotine addiction and thus the important factors&#xD;
        involved in the quitting process. Pavlovian bias is a phenomenon that includes an approach&#xD;
        tendency toward rewarding cues and an action withdrawal tendency in response to punishments.&#xD;
        This phenomenon may be particularly relevant to nicotine users. The current study will use an&#xD;
        experimental, within-subjects, repeated-measured design to investigate whether acute nicotine&#xD;
        administration influences individual Pavlovian bias in nicotine users. By recruiting&#xD;
        participants from the University of Southern California (USC) community and contacting&#xD;
        participants of previous nicotine-related studies of the Addiction and Self-Control&#xD;
        Laboratory at USC, the investigators will enroll forty adult nicotine users in the study.&#xD;
        Participants will come to the lab twice after a 10-hour nicotine fast. At each lab visit,&#xD;
        participants will undergo a vaping session prior to completing the study tasks. The content&#xD;
        of the e-liquid in the vape will vary by nicotine content: the vape will either contain&#xD;
        nicotine or not. Subsequent to vaping, participants will complete a version of the Go/No-Go&#xD;
        task which will measure their individual levels of Pavlovian bias. The investigators will&#xD;
        compare performance on the task across the two conditions within each participant: on- and&#xD;
        off- nicotine, after controlling for nicotine withdrawal and nicotine tolerance. Based on&#xD;
        past research on nicotine, the researchers anticipate that acute nicotine administration will&#xD;
        be associated with higher levels of Pavlovian bias, compared to the off-nicotine condition.&#xD;
        Specifically, two patterns are expected to arise: a higher likelihood of making a go-response&#xD;
        in the &quot;win reward&quot; condition and a higher likelihood of making a no-go response in the&#xD;
        &quot;avoid losing&quot; condition, regardless of whether it is a &quot;go&quot; or &quot;no-go&quot; trial. Participants&#xD;
        will also complete a measure of their working memory capacity. The investigators will conduct&#xD;
        exploratory analyses for the relationship between different nicotine conditions and working&#xD;
        memory capacity.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Nicotine remains a major cause of health problems in the US and around the world. Insight&#xD;
        into the behavioral changes induced by nicotine use may help advance the understanding of the&#xD;
        mechanisms underlying the maintenance of nicotine addiction and thus the important factors&#xD;
        involved in the quitting process. Pavlovian bias is a phenomenon that includes an approach&#xD;
        tendency toward rewarding cues and a tendency to withdraw from action in response to&#xD;
        punishments. This phenomenon may be particularly relevant in the context of addiction and&#xD;
        impulsive behavior patterns. The current project proposes to examine Pavlovian bias in the&#xD;
        context of nicotine use. Specifically, the study aims to explore whether acute nicotine&#xD;
        administration affects Pavlovian bias among nicotine users.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Previous studies suggest that Pavlovian bias is a universal phenomenon, but that some&#xD;
        individuals are better at overcoming it. Nicotine has been shown to make individuals more&#xD;
        sensitive to cues that predict loss and reward. Therefore, it is hypothesized that nicotine&#xD;
        will increase individuals' existing Pavlovian bias levels.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Moreover, understanding whether nicotine indeed does impact Pavlovian bias may provide&#xD;
        insight into ways in which this bias affects nicotine addiction. For example, nicotine use&#xD;
        commonly coexists with other substance use behaviors. If nicotine acutely increases Pavlovian&#xD;
        bias, this mechanism could partially explain the general increase of impulsive behaviors&#xD;
        among nicotine users.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Purpose/Objectives/Aims/Research Questions The primary aim is to explore the effects of acute&#xD;
        nicotine administration on Pavlovian bias. After showing eligibility to take part in the&#xD;
        study, participants will come to the lab twice, each after a (self-reported) 10-hour&#xD;
        abstinence from nicotine. After completing assessments of nicotine withdrawal and nicotine&#xD;
        tolerance, participants will complete a standardized vaping bout, either with a vape with&#xD;
        nicotine (&quot;on-nicotine&quot;) or a denicotinized one (&quot;off-nicotine&quot;). Although the exact dose of&#xD;
        inhaled nicotine depends on the particular puff topography of participants, the standardized&#xD;
        vape protocol is designed to deliver approximately 2mg of nicotine. Participants will be&#xD;
        encouraged to stop if they feel they are on the verge of having any negative nicotine&#xD;
        response (e.g., feeling some nausea). Pavlovian bias will then be assessed via performance on&#xD;
        a version of the Go/No-Go task. Specifically, the investigators will record participants'&#xD;
        response accuracy on each of the four trials: go-to-win-reward, no-go-to-win-reward,&#xD;
        go-to-avoid-losing, and no-go-to-avoid-losing. Finally, participants will complete a measure&#xD;
        of their working memory capacity. The researchers will compare performance on the task across&#xD;
        the two conditions within each participant: on- and off- nicotine, after controlling for&#xD;
        nicotine withdrawal and nicotine tolerance. The investigators will also conduct exploratory&#xD;
        analyses to determine whether participants' working memory capacity is affected by the&#xD;
        different nicotine conditions.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Aim: Examine the effects of acute nicotine administration on Pavlovian bias. The&#xD;
        investigators will explore the effects of acute nicotine on &quot;go-bias&quot; and &quot;no-go bias.&quot; They&#xD;
        anticipate that some level of Pavlovian bias will be observed across both sessions, on- and&#xD;
        off- nicotine. Two patterns are expected to arise: a higher likelihood of making a&#xD;
        go-response in the &quot;win reward&quot; condition and a higher likelihood of making a no-go response&#xD;
        in the &quot;avoid losing&quot; condition, regardless of whether it is a &quot;go&quot; or &quot;no-go&quot; trial.&#xD;
        However, after acute nicotine administration, participants will exhibit higher levels of&#xD;
        Pavlovian bias, compared to the off-nicotine condition.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Understanding whether nicotine indeed does impact Pavlovian bias may provide insight into&#xD;
        ways in which this bias affects nicotine addiction.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">September 1, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">October 31, 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">August 31, 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>Early Phase 1</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>The participant will be randomized to receive either the regular vape with nicotine or the placebo nicotine vape first and will complete a standardized vaping session with the assigned vape. Each participant will receive both vape conditions, one at each laboratory visit. Moreover, they will not know the order of administration.&#xD;
  After completing the vaping session, participants will be instructed on how to complete a version of the Go/No-Go task. They will see geometrical shapes on the screen, each of which will signal a particular trial type: go-win-win-reward, no-go-to-win-reward, go-to-avoid-losing, or no-go-to-avoid-losing. Participants will be explicitly instructed that the color of the cue edge will correspond to a specific trial: green will represent a &quot;win reward&quot; condition and red will represent an &quot;avoid losing&quot; condition.</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Basic Science</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Double (Participant, Investigator)</masking>
      <masking_description>Vapes will be color coded and data recorded by color. Correspondence between color and condition will be unblinded at completion.</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Levels of Pavlovian Bias measured through a version of the Go/No-Go task</measure>
      <time_frame>0 hours after using the vaping device (right after)</time_frame>
      <description>Participants will complete a version of the Go/No-Go task, which allows to measure individual levels of Pavlovian bias. Pavlovian bias is a phenomenon that includes an approach tendency toward rewarding cues and a tendency to withdraw from action in response to punishments. In the task, participants choose a response (go or no-go) for various visual cues which have specific response-dependent outcomes.The Go/No-Go task design allows to collect participants' task accuracy scores (task accuracy will signify how many correct cue-dependent responses participants make).</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">40</enrollment>
    <condition>Nicotine Vaping</condition>
    <condition>Nicotine Dependence</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Nicotine</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>Participants will follow a standard vape protocol designed to deliver the approximate nicotine typically consumed from 1 cigarette (1.25 mg)</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Placebo</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>Participants will follow a standard vape protocol that is equal inhalation to that used in the nicotine condition.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Nicotine</intervention_name>
      <description>Nicotine delivered through a vape</description>
      <arm_group_label>Nicotine</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Placebo</intervention_name>
      <description>Placebo nicotine-free vaping liquid delivered through a vape</description>
      <arm_group_label>Placebo</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  At least 21 years old&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Current nicotine user (at least monthly use over the past 3 months)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Reported willingness to abstain from all nicotine for at least 10 hours prior to the&#xD;
               two lab visits&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  English Language Competency&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
          - Currently pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>21 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Veronika Sidorova</last_name>
      <phone>424-438-8597</phone>
      <email>sidorova@usc.edu</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>University of Southern California</name>
        <address>
          <city>Los Angeles</city>
          <state>California</state>
          <zip>90089</zip>
          <country>United States</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>United States</country>
    </location_countries>
    <reference>
      <citation>Algermissen J, Swart JC, Scheeringa R, Cools R, den Ouden HEM. Striatal BOLD and Midfrontal Theta Power Express Motivation for Action. Cereb Cortex. 2022 Jul 12;32(14):2924-2942. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhab391.</citation>
      <PMID>34849626</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Guitart-Masip M, Chowdhury R, Sharot T, Dayan P, Duzel E, Dolan RJ. Action controls dopaminergic enhancement of reward representations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 8;109(19):7511-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1202229109. Epub 2012 Apr 23.</citation>
      <PMID>22529363</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Scholz V, Hook RW, Kandroodi MR, Algermissen J, Ioannidis K, Christmas D, Valle S, Robbins TW, Grant JE, Chamberlain SR, den Ouden HEM. Cortical dopamine reduces the impact of motivational biases governing automated behaviour. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022 Jul;47(8):1503-1512. doi: 10.1038/s41386-022-01291-8. Epub 2022 Mar 8.</citation>
      <PMID>35260787</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Swart JC, Frobose MI, Cook JL, Geurts DE, Frank MJ, Cools R, den Ouden HE. Catecholaminergic challenge uncovers distinct Pavlovian and instrumental mechanisms of motivated (in)action. Elife. 2017 May 15;6:e22169. doi: 10.7554/eLife.22169.</citation>
      <PMID>28504638</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 16, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 30, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 7, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 30, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 30, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 7, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>University of Southern California</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>John Robert Monterosso</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Assoc Prof Psychology</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Nicotine</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Tobacco Use Disorder</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <intervention_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Nicotine</mesh_term>
    </intervention_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>Yes</sharing_ipd>
      <ipd_description>Will post data on Open Science Framework</ipd_description>
      <ipd_info_type>Study Protocol</ipd_info_type>
      <ipd_info_type>Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP)</ipd_info_type>
      <ipd_info_type>Informed Consent Form (ICF)</ipd_info_type>
      <ipd_time_frame>after publication or 1 year after completion (whichever comes first)</ipd_time_frame>
      <ipd_access_criteria>open</ipd_access_criteria>
      <ipd_url>https://osf.io/</ipd_url>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06027723
  org study id: UP-23-00575
  nct id: NCT06027723
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: Yes
  is fda regulated device: No
  Nicotine remains a major cause of health problems in the US and around the world. Insight
        into the behavioral changes induced by nicotine use may help advance the understanding of the
        mechanisms underlying the maintenance of nicotine addiction and thus the important factors
        involved in the quitting process. Pavlovian bias is a phenomenon that includes an approach
        tendency toward rewarding cues and an action withdrawal tendency in response to punishments.
        This phenomenon may be particularly relevant to nicotine users. The current study will use an
        experimental, within-subjects, repeated-measured design to investigate whether acute nicotine
        administration influences individual Pavlovian bias in nicotine users. By recruiting
        participants from the University of Southern California (USC) community and contacting
        participants of previous nicotine-related studies of the Addiction and Self-Control
        Laboratory at USC, the investigators will enroll forty adult nicotine users in the study.
        Participants will come to the lab twice after a 10-hour nicotine fast. At each lab visit,
        participants will undergo a vaping session prior to completing the study tasks. The content
        of the e-liquid in the vape will vary by nicotine content: the vape will either contain
        nicotine or not. Subsequent to vaping, participants will complete a version of the Go/No-Go
        task which will measure their individual levels of Pavlovian bias. The investigators will
        compare performance on the task across the two conditions within each participant: on- and
        off- nicotine, after controlling for nicotine withdrawal and nicotine tolerance. Based on
        past research on nicotine, the researchers anticipate that acute nicotine administration will
        be associated with higher levels of Pavlovian bias, compared to the off-nicotine condition.
        Specifically, two patterns are expected to arise: a higher likelihood of making a go-response
        in the "win reward" condition and a higher likelihood of making a no-go response in the
        "avoid losing" condition, regardless of whether it is a "go" or "no-go" trial. Participants
        will also complete a measure of their working memory capacity. The investigators will conduct
        exploratory analyses for the relationship between different nicotine conditions and working
        memory capacity.
  Nicotine remains a major cause of health problems in the US and around the world. Insight
        into the behavioral changes induced by nicotine use may help advance the understanding of the
        mechanisms underlying the maintenance of nicotine addiction and thus the important factors
        involved in the quitting process. Pavlovian bias is a phenomenon that includes an approach
        tendency toward rewarding cues and a tendency to withdraw from action in response to
        punishments. This phenomenon may be particularly relevant in the context of addiction and
        impulsive behavior patterns. The current project proposes to examine Pavlovian bias in the
        context of nicotine use. Specifically, the study aims to explore whether acute nicotine
        administration affects Pavlovian bias among nicotine users.
  
        Previous studies suggest that Pavlovian bias is a universal phenomenon, but that some
        individuals are better at overcoming it. Nicotine has been shown to make individuals more
        sensitive to cues that predict loss and reward. Therefore, it is hypothesized that nicotine
        will increase individuals' existing Pavlovian bias levels.
  
        Moreover, understanding whether nicotine indeed does impact Pavlovian bias may provide
        insight into ways in which this bias affects nicotine addiction. For example, nicotine use
        commonly coexists with other substance use behaviors. If nicotine acutely increases Pavlovian
        bias, this mechanism could partially explain the general increase of impulsive behaviors
        among nicotine users.
  
        Purpose/Objectives/Aims/Research Questions The primary aim is to explore the effects of acute
        nicotine administration on Pavlovian bias. After showing eligibility to take part in the
        study, participants will come to the lab twice, each after a (self-reported) 10-hour
        abstinence from nicotine. After completing assessments of nicotine withdrawal and nicotine
        tolerance, participants will complete a standardized vaping bout, either with a vape with
        nicotine ("on-nicotine") or a denicotinized one ("off-nicotine"). Although the exact dose of
        inhaled nicotine depends on the particular puff topography of participants, the standardized
        vape protocol is designed to deliver approximately 2mg of nicotine. Participants will be
        encouraged to stop if they feel they are on the verge of having any negative nicotine
        response (e.g., feeling some nausea). Pavlovian bias will then be assessed via performance on
        a version of the Go/No-Go task. Specifically, the investigators will record participants'
        response accuracy on each of the four trials: go-to-win-reward, no-go-to-win-reward,
        go-to-avoid-losing, and no-go-to-avoid-losing. Finally, participants will complete a measure
        of their working memory capacity. The researchers will compare performance on the task across
        the two conditions within each participant: on- and off- nicotine, after controlling for
        nicotine withdrawal and nicotine tolerance. The investigators will also conduct exploratory
        analyses to determine whether participants' working memory capacity is affected by the
        different nicotine conditions.
  
        Aim: Examine the effects of acute nicotine administration on Pavlovian bias. The
        investigators will explore the effects of acute nicotine on "go-bias" and "no-go bias." They
        anticipate that some level of Pavlovian bias will be observed across both sessions, on- and
        off- nicotine. Two patterns are expected to arise: a higher likelihood of making a
        go-response in the "win reward" condition and a higher likelihood of making a no-go response
        in the "avoid losing" condition, regardless of whether it is a "go" or "no-go" trial.
        However, after acute nicotine administration, participants will exhibit higher levels of
        Pavlovian bias, compared to the off-nicotine condition.
  
        Understanding whether nicotine indeed does impact Pavlovian bias may provide insight into
        ways in which this bias affects nicotine addiction.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  intervention model description: The participant will be randomized to receive either the regular vape with nicotine or the placebo nicotine vape first and will complete a standardized vaping session with the assigned vape. Each participant will receive both vape conditions, one at each laboratory visit. Moreover, they will not know the order of administration.
  After completing the vaping session, participants will be instructed on how to complete a version of the Go/No-Go task. They will see geometrical shapes on the screen, each of which will signal a particular trial type: go-win-win-reward, no-go-to-win-reward, go-to-avoid-losing, or no-go-to-avoid-losing. Participants will be explicitly instructed that the color of the cue edge will correspond to a specific trial: green will represent a "win reward" condition and red will represent an "avoid losing" condition.
  primary purpose: Basic Science
  masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
  masking description: Vapes will be color coded and data recorded by color. Correspondence between color and condition will be unblinded at completion.
  measure: Levels of Pavlovian Bias measured through a version of the Go/No-Go task
  time frame: 0 hours after using the vaping device (right after)
  description: Participants will complete a version of the Go/No-Go task, which allows to measure individual levels of Pavlovian bias. Pavlovian bias is a phenomenon that includes an approach tendency toward rewarding cues and a tendency to withdraw from action in response to punishments. In the task, participants choose a response (go or no-go) for various visual cues which have specific response-dependent outcomes.The Go/No-Go task design allows to collect participants' task accuracy scores (task accuracy will signify how many correct cue-dependent responses participants make).
  arm group label: Nicotine
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: Participants will follow a standard vape protocol designed to deliver the approximate nicotine typically consumed from 1 cigarette (1.25 mg)
  arm group label: Placebo
  arm group type: Placebo Comparator
  description: Participants will follow a standard vape protocol that is equal inhalation to that used in the nicotine condition.
  intervention type: Drug
  intervention name: Nicotine
  description: Nicotine delivered through a vape
  arm group label: Nicotine
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Placebo
  description: Placebo nicotine-free vaping liquid delivered through a vape
  arm group label: Placebo
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 21 Years
  maximum age: N/A
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  last name: Veronika Sidorova
  phone: 424-438-8597
  email: sidorova@usc.edu
  facility: 
  country: United States
  citation: Algermissen J, Swart JC, Scheeringa R, Cools R, den Ouden HEM. Striatal BOLD and Midfrontal Theta Power Express Motivation for Action. Cereb Cortex. 2022 Jul 12;32(14):2924-2942. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhab391.
  PMID: 34849626
  citation: Guitart-Masip M, Chowdhury R, Sharot T, Dayan P, Duzel E, Dolan RJ. Action controls dopaminergic enhancement of reward representations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 8;109(19):7511-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1202229109. Epub 2012 Apr 23.
  PMID: 22529363
  citation: Scholz V, Hook RW, Kandroodi MR, Algermissen J, Ioannidis K, Christmas D, Valle S, Robbins TW, Grant JE, Chamberlain SR, den Ouden HEM. Cortical dopamine reduces the impact of motivational biases governing automated behaviour. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022 Jul;47(8):1503-1512. doi: 10.1038/s41386-022-01291-8. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
  PMID: 35260787
  citation: Swart JC, Frobose MI, Cook JL, Geurts DE, Frank MJ, Cools R, den Ouden HE. Catecholaminergic challenge uncovers distinct Pavlovian and instrumental mechanisms of motivated (in)action. Elife. 2017 May 15;6:e22169. doi: 10.7554/eLife.22169.
  PMID: 28504638
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: University of Southern California
  investigator full name: John Robert Monterosso
  investigator title: Assoc Prof Psychology
  mesh term: Tobacco Use Disorder
  mesh term: Nicotine
  sharing ipd: Yes
  ipd description: Will post data on Open Science Framework
  ipd info type: Study Protocol
  ipd info type: Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP)
  ipd info type: Informed Consent Form (ICF)
  ipd time frame: after publication or 1 year after completion (whichever comes first)
  ipd access criteria: open
  ipd url: https://osf.io/