xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06024707</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>NL83718.018.23</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06024707</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Fluctuation Analyses of Asthma Patients With Biologics Use</brief_title>
    <acronym>FABLE</acronym>
    <official_title>Early Detection of the Effectiveness of Treatment With Biologicals in Patients With Severe Asthma Using Fluctuation Analysis of Biomarkers</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The goal of this observational study is to compare the fluctuation patterns of biomarkers&#xD;
        (Spirometry, FeNO, IOS) of responders and non-responders in asthma patients who will start&#xD;
        treatment with a biologic. The main question it aims to answer is: Can fluctuation patterns&#xD;
        of parameters for spirometry, FeNO and IOS before and after starting treatment with biologics&#xD;
        in patients with severe asthma be used to predict a successful intervention.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Participants will measure Spirometry, FeNO and IOS twice a day at home for 2 or 3 months&#xD;
        starting one month before starting treatment with a biological.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        SUMMARY&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Rationale: Treatment of patients with severe asthma has taken a new avenue with the&#xD;
        introduction of biologics. Currently, treatment success with biologics may be around 75% and&#xD;
        is determined by assessing various biomarkers after 4 to 6 months of treatment. At a stable&#xD;
        state, biological processes dynamically fluctuate within certain borders, which differ&#xD;
        between asthma and healthy controls. By exposure to the common cold virus, we have shown that&#xD;
        destabilizing the condition of asthma patients and healthy controls directly but temporarily&#xD;
        changes the fluctuation patterns of biological processes. We propose that treatment success&#xD;
        also changes fluctuation patterns, and that this occurs relatively fast after treatment is&#xD;
        started. By daily measurements of spirometry, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and&#xD;
        impulse oscillometry (IOS), using the Respicorder device, we expect to determine the effect&#xD;
        of treatment at an early stage and limit prolonged treatment of patients with a non-effective&#xD;
        biologic, and the very high costs of these biologics.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Objective: To investigate the fluctuation patterns of different pulmonary parameters in&#xD;
        patients with severe asthma, before and after starting a treatment with biologics, using&#xD;
        daily measurements with the Respicorder device.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Study design: The study design is an observational cohort study that will include patients&#xD;
        that are scheduled for an intervention with biologic treatment in standard care. Patients&#xD;
        will receive their standard treatment and will perform some extra measurements during their&#xD;
        regular visits and they will perform measurements with the Respicorder device twice a day at&#xD;
        home.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Study population: 48 patients with severe asthma between 18-60 years old who will start&#xD;
        treatment with biologics.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Main study parameters/endpoints: The Respicorder device measures standard spirometry (FEV1,&#xD;
        FVC), IOS parameters and FeNO, which will be used for fluctuation analysis. The Asthma&#xD;
        Control Questionnaire (ACQ),Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and Severe Asthma&#xD;
        Questionnaire (SAQ) will be used to quantify asthma status. Patients will be evaluated by&#xD;
        their treating clinician after 4 and 6 months of treatment with a biological. The outcome&#xD;
        will be linked to the fluctuation patterns, such that can be evaluated whether these patterns&#xD;
        can be used to predict a successful treatment with a biologic.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Secondary study parameters:&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Spirometry, IOS and FeNO measurements with standard devices as done in standard care in the&#xD;
        hospital will be used to compare with the Respicorder measurements. Subjects will also be&#xD;
        asked about their experience with the Respicorder.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group&#xD;
        relatedness: The risk for adverse events due to participation in this study is minimal. The&#xD;
        daily additional measurements with the Respicorder device can be a burden to patients. The&#xD;
        Respicorder measurements take about 5 minutes, which we consider as an acceptable burden&#xD;
        given the expected impact of the study. Subjects will also be subjected to measurements&#xD;
        according to the standard protocol in clinical care.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">October 15, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">September 30, 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">September 30, 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <study_type>Observational</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <observational_model>Cohort</observational_model>
      <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Fluctuation pattern of spirometry</measure>
      <time_frame>2-3 months</time_frame>
      <description>Subjects will perform spirometry measurements 2x a day. This data will be used to create a fluctuation pattern of the FEV1(L) and FVC (L). The change in fluctuation pattern before and after start of treatment will be compared between responders and non-responders to treatment with a biological. The fluctuation pattern cannot be described as one parameter, but is a combination of several properties (phase-space plot, entropy). This study has an explorative nature that will aim to assess how such a fluctuation pattern can be described.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Fluctuation pattern of FeNO</measure>
      <time_frame>2-3 months</time_frame>
      <description>Subjects will perform FeNO measurements 2x a day. This data will be used to create a fluctuation pattern of FeNO (ppb). The change in fluctuation pattern before and after start of treatment will be compared between responders and non-responders to treatment with a biological. The fluctuation pattern cannot be described as one parameter, but is a combination of several properties (phase-space plot, entropy). This study has an explorative nature that will aim to assess how such a fluctuation pattern can be described.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Fluctuation pattern of IOS</measure>
      <time_frame>2-3 months</time_frame>
      <description>Subjects will perform impulse oscillometry (IOS) measurements 2x a day. This data will be used to create a fluctuation pattern of the IOS parameters (R5, R20, X5, Fs, AX etc). The change in fluctuation pattern before and after start of treatment will be compared between responders and non-responders to treatment with a biological. The fluctuation pattern cannot be described as one parameter, but is a combination of several properties and parameters (phase-space plot, entropy). This study has an explorative nature that will aim to assess how such a fluctuation pattern can be described.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Treatment success with biological</measure>
      <time_frame>at 4-6 months after start treatment with biological</time_frame>
      <description>Treatment success is defined if two or more of the following are true:&#xD;
  A decrease of ACQ score of 0,5 points or an ACQ≤1,5 after 4-6 months compared to visit 2 (start of treatment with biological) and/or&#xD;
  An increase of SAQ score of 0,5 points after 4-6 months compared to visit 2 (start of treatment with biological) and/or&#xD;
  Minimal 30% reduction of dose of maintenance treatment with OCS after 4-6 months compared to visit 2 (start of treatment with biological)&#xD;
  and/or Decrease in exacerbation rate in the 4-6 months after visit 2 compared to the same period (4-6 months) before visit 2</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>trend of Asthma Control Questionnaire</measure>
      <time_frame>1x a week for 2-3 months + at 4-6 months after start treatment with biological</time_frame>
      <description>average of 7 questions regarding asthma control (scorerange 0-6), higher score means worse asthma control</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>trend of Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire</measure>
      <time_frame>1x a week for 2-3 months + at 4-6 months after start treatment with biological</time_frame>
      <description>average of 32 questions regarding impact of asthma on quality of life (scorerange 1-7), higher score means better quality of life</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>trend of Severe Asthma Questionnaire</measure>
      <time_frame>1x a week for 2-3 months + at 4-6 months after start treatment with biological</time_frame>
      <description>SAQ-score: average of 16 questions regarding severe asthma (scorerange 1-7), higher score means better quality of life.&#xD;
  SAQ-global: score representing overall satisfaction (scorerange 0-100)</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>trend of PESAM questionnaire</measure>
      <time_frame>at 1+ 2 (if applicable) + 4-6 months after start treatment with biological</time_frame>
      <description>Patient Experience and SAtisfaction with Medication (PESAM) represents patients satisfaction with the treatment with the biological</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>FEV1 as measured with standard Spirometry</measure>
      <time_frame>3 or 4 times during 2-3 months</time_frame>
      <description>Forced Expiratory Volume in one second measured with standard spirometry with standard lung function equipment during every visit</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>FVC as measured with standard Spirometry</measure>
      <time_frame>3 or 4 times during 2-3 months</time_frame>
      <description>Forced vital capacity measured with standard spirometry with standard lung function equipment during every visit</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Standard Impulse oscillometry</measure>
      <time_frame>3 or 4 times during 2-3 months</time_frame>
      <description>IOS measured with standard equipment during every visit</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>standard FeNO</measure>
      <time_frame>3 or 4 times during 2-3 months</time_frame>
      <description>FeNO measured with standard equipment during every visit</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>lab values from standard care before study</measure>
      <time_frame>At inclusion</time_frame>
      <description>for example blood eosinophil count</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>lab values from standard care during study</measure>
      <time_frame>at 4-6 months after start treatment with biological</time_frame>
      <description>for example blood eosinophil count</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Rate of medication reduction after the start of treatment with the biological</measure>
      <time_frame>At inclusion</time_frame>
      <description>The medication a patient used in the 6 months before inclusion will compared to the medication use thoughout the study period until follow-up (4-6 months after start treatment with biological)</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Respicorder adherence (% of possible measurements actually performed)</measure>
      <time_frame>2-3 months</time_frame>
      <description>Do patients perform the measurements with the Respicorder as scheduled (2x a day). This will be reported as a percentage.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Respicorder qualitative feedback</measure>
      <time_frame>2-3 months</time_frame>
      <description>What is the user experience with the Respicorder. This will be an open question(s) to the patients.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Demographics</measure>
      <time_frame>at inclusion</time_frame>
      <description>age at inclusion, sex</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Height</measure>
      <time_frame>at inclusion</time_frame>
      <description>Height in cm of subjects</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Descriptives</measure>
      <time_frame>at inclusion</time_frame>
      <description>Height, weight, medical history (especially eosinophil count, chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps), intoxications, medication use and changes, recent vaccinations, known allergies (especially house dust mite and pollen allergies), special diet (for FeNO), sickness during study period and their day/night rhythm</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Weight</measure>
      <time_frame>at inclusion</time_frame>
      <description>weight of subjects in Kg</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Eosinophil count thoughout study</measure>
      <time_frame>at inclusion + 5-7 months from inclusion to follow up</time_frame>
      <description>last eosinophil count before inclusion and all eosinophil counts performed in regular care during the study period</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Chronic rhinosinusitis</measure>
      <time_frame>At inclusion</time_frame>
      <description>Percentage of subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Recent vaccinations</measure>
      <time_frame>At inclusion + 5-7 months from inclusion to follow up</time_frame>
      <description>Do the subjects have had a recent vaccination (percentage)</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Allergies</measure>
      <time_frame>at inclusion</time_frame>
      <description>Do the subjects have allergies (percentage per allergy)</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Sickness during study period</measure>
      <time_frame>5-7 months from inclusion to follow up</time_frame>
      <description>Have the subjects been sick (for example common cold) during study period (percentage)</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Day/night rhytm</measure>
      <time_frame>at inclusion</time_frame>
      <description>Percentage of subjects with a normal day/night rhythm</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <number_of_groups>1</number_of_groups>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">48</enrollment>
    <condition>Asthma</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Asthma patients</arm_group_label>
      <description>All asthma patients will be observed and receive their regular treatment</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Biological Drug</intervention_name>
      <description>This intervention is part of regular treatment, subjects will be included if they get this treatment.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Asthma patients</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>Mepolizumab</other_name>
      <other_name>Omalizumab</other_name>
      <other_name>Benralizumab</other_name>
      <other_name>Dupilimab</other_name>
      <other_name>Reslizumab</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <study_pop>
        <textblock>
          Patients with severe asthma who will start treatment with a biological from 18-60 years&#xD;
          old.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </study_pop>
      <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
          In order to be eligible to participate in this study, a subject must meet all of the&#xD;
          following criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Severe asthma based on the definition by the 2022 GINA guidelines.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Will start treatment with a biological&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  18-60 years old&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Subject should be willing and able to perform the lung function tests and other&#xD;
               study-related procedures and comply with study protocol requirements.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Apart from their asthma, subjects should be generally healthy with no history of a&#xD;
               clinically relevant medical condition that in the opinion of the investigator might&#xD;
               interfere with successful study conduct and no clinically relevant abnormalities on&#xD;
               medical history.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Subjects should provide a signed and dated informed consent&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
          A potential subject who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from&#xD;
          participation in this study:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Has been tested positively for COVID-19 in the past month or has not fully recovered&#xD;
               from an earlier COVID-19 infection (e.g. post-covid syndrome)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Has been treated with oral corticosteroids as high-dose therapy in the 6 weeks before&#xD;
               visit 1.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Has been treated with another biologic within 3 months before start treatment with new&#xD;
               biological (e.g. 2 months before the start of the study participation)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Not able to perform spirometry/IOS/FeNO tests correctly&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Not able to handle Respicorder well&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Subject is a current smoker/vaper, uses recreational drugs, or has &gt;10 packyears&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Subject is anticipated not to comply with study protocol or other aspects of the study&#xD;
               (at the discretion of the investigator)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Participation to the study is not medically responsible according to the study&#xD;
               physician and/or principle investigator&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Inability to read and/or understand the Dutch language&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>60 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Els Weersink, Dr.</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Amsterdam UMC, location AMC</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Arjen Pelgröm, MSc.</last_name>
      <phone>+31650922580</phone>
      <email>a.t.pelgrom@amsterdamumc.nl</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <overall_contact_backup>
      <last_name>Rene Lutter, Dr.</last_name>
      <email>r.lutter@amsterdamumc.nl</email>
    </overall_contact_backup>
    <verification_date>September 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>June 20, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 29, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 6, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>September 7, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>September 7, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 11, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Els J.M. Weersink</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Pulmonary Physician</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Fluctuation Pattern</keyword>
    <keyword>Spirometry</keyword>
    <keyword>FeNO</keyword>
    <keyword>Impulse oscillometry</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Asthma</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <intervention_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Omalizumab</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Benralizumab</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Reslizumab</mesh_term>
    </intervention_browse>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06024707
  org study id: NL83718.018.23
  nct id: NCT06024707
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  The goal of this observational study is to compare the fluctuation patterns of biomarkers
        (Spirometry, FeNO, IOS) of responders and non-responders in asthma patients who will start
        treatment with a biologic. The main question it aims to answer is: Can fluctuation patterns
        of parameters for spirometry, FeNO and IOS before and after starting treatment with biologics
        in patients with severe asthma be used to predict a successful intervention.
  
        Participants will measure Spirometry, FeNO and IOS twice a day at home for 2 or 3 months
        starting one month before starting treatment with a biological.
  SUMMARY
  
        Rationale: Treatment of patients with severe asthma has taken a new avenue with the
        introduction of biologics. Currently, treatment success with biologics may be around 75% and
        is determined by assessing various biomarkers after 4 to 6 months of treatment. At a stable
        state, biological processes dynamically fluctuate within certain borders, which differ
        between asthma and healthy controls. By exposure to the common cold virus, we have shown that
        destabilizing the condition of asthma patients and healthy controls directly but temporarily
        changes the fluctuation patterns of biological processes. We propose that treatment success
        also changes fluctuation patterns, and that this occurs relatively fast after treatment is
        started. By daily measurements of spirometry, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and
        impulse oscillometry (IOS), using the Respicorder device, we expect to determine the effect
        of treatment at an early stage and limit prolonged treatment of patients with a non-effective
        biologic, and the very high costs of these biologics.
  
        Objective: To investigate the fluctuation patterns of different pulmonary parameters in
        patients with severe asthma, before and after starting a treatment with biologics, using
        daily measurements with the Respicorder device.
  
        Study design: The study design is an observational cohort study that will include patients
        that are scheduled for an intervention with biologic treatment in standard care. Patients
        will receive their standard treatment and will perform some extra measurements during their
        regular visits and they will perform measurements with the Respicorder device twice a day at
        home.
  
        Study population: 48 patients with severe asthma between 18-60 years old who will start
        treatment with biologics.
  
        Main study parameters/endpoints: The Respicorder device measures standard spirometry (FEV1,
        FVC), IOS parameters and FeNO, which will be used for fluctuation analysis. The Asthma
        Control Questionnaire (ACQ),Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and Severe Asthma
        Questionnaire (SAQ) will be used to quantify asthma status. Patients will be evaluated by
        their treating clinician after 4 and 6 months of treatment with a biological. The outcome
        will be linked to the fluctuation patterns, such that can be evaluated whether these patterns
        can be used to predict a successful treatment with a biologic.
  
        Secondary study parameters:
  
        Spirometry, IOS and FeNO measurements with standard devices as done in standard care in the
        hospital will be used to compare with the Respicorder measurements. Subjects will also be
        asked about their experience with the Respicorder.
  
        Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group
        relatedness: The risk for adverse events due to participation in this study is minimal. The
        daily additional measurements with the Respicorder device can be a burden to patients. The
        Respicorder measurements take about 5 minutes, which we consider as an acceptable burden
        given the expected impact of the study. Subjects will also be subjected to measurements
        according to the standard protocol in clinical care.
  observational model: Cohort
  time perspective: Prospective
  measure: Fluctuation pattern of spirometry
  time frame: 2-3 months
  description: Subjects will perform spirometry measurements 2x a day. This data will be used to create a fluctuation pattern of the FEV1(L) and FVC (L). The change in fluctuation pattern before and after start of treatment will be compared between responders and non-responders to treatment with a biological. The fluctuation pattern cannot be described as one parameter, but is a combination of several properties (phase-space plot, entropy). This study has an explorative nature that will aim to assess how such a fluctuation pattern can be described.
  measure: Fluctuation pattern of FeNO
  time frame: 2-3 months
  description: Subjects will perform FeNO measurements 2x a day. This data will be used to create a fluctuation pattern of FeNO (ppb). The change in fluctuation pattern before and after start of treatment will be compared between responders and non-responders to treatment with a biological. The fluctuation pattern cannot be described as one parameter, but is a combination of several properties (phase-space plot, entropy). This study has an explorative nature that will aim to assess how such a fluctuation pattern can be described.
  measure: Fluctuation pattern of IOS
  time frame: 2-3 months
  description: Subjects will perform impulse oscillometry (IOS) measurements 2x a day. This data will be used to create a fluctuation pattern of the IOS parameters (R5, R20, X5, Fs, AX etc). The change in fluctuation pattern before and after start of treatment will be compared between responders and non-responders to treatment with a biological. The fluctuation pattern cannot be described as one parameter, but is a combination of several properties and parameters (phase-space plot, entropy). This study has an explorative nature that will aim to assess how such a fluctuation pattern can be described.
  measure: Treatment success with biological
  time frame: at 4-6 months after start treatment with biological
  description: Treatment success is defined if two or more of the following are true:
  A decrease of ACQ score of 0,5 points or an ACQ≤1,5 after 4-6 months compared to visit 2 (start of treatment with biological) and/or
  An increase of SAQ score of 0,5 points after 4-6 months compared to visit 2 (start of treatment with biological) and/or
  Minimal 30% reduction of dose of maintenance treatment with OCS after 4-6 months compared to visit 2 (start of treatment with biological)
  and/or Decrease in exacerbation rate in the 4-6 months after visit 2 compared to the same period (4-6 months) before visit 2
  measure: trend of Asthma Control Questionnaire
  time frame: 1x a week for 2-3 months + at 4-6 months after start treatment with biological
  description: average of 7 questions regarding asthma control (scorerange 0-6), higher score means worse asthma control
  measure: trend of Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire
  time frame: 1x a week for 2-3 months + at 4-6 months after start treatment with biological
  description: average of 32 questions regarding impact of asthma on quality of life (scorerange 1-7), higher score means better quality of life
  measure: trend of Severe Asthma Questionnaire
  time frame: 1x a week for 2-3 months + at 4-6 months after start treatment with biological
  description: SAQ-score: average of 16 questions regarding severe asthma (scorerange 1-7), higher score means better quality of life.
  SAQ-global: score representing overall satisfaction (scorerange 0-100)
  measure: trend of PESAM questionnaire
  time frame: at 1+ 2 (if applicable) + 4-6 months after start treatment with biological
  description: Patient Experience and SAtisfaction with Medication (PESAM) represents patients satisfaction with the treatment with the biological
  measure: FEV1 as measured with standard Spirometry
  time frame: 3 or 4 times during 2-3 months
  description: Forced Expiratory Volume in one second measured with standard spirometry with standard lung function equipment during every visit
  measure: FVC as measured with standard Spirometry
  time frame: 3 or 4 times during 2-3 months
  description: Forced vital capacity measured with standard spirometry with standard lung function equipment during every visit
  measure: Standard Impulse oscillometry
  time frame: 3 or 4 times during 2-3 months
  description: IOS measured with standard equipment during every visit
  measure: standard FeNO
  time frame: 3 or 4 times during 2-3 months
  description: FeNO measured with standard equipment during every visit
  measure: lab values from standard care before study
  time frame: At inclusion
  description: for example blood eosinophil count
  measure: lab values from standard care during study
  time frame: at 4-6 months after start treatment with biological
  description: for example blood eosinophil count
  measure: Rate of medication reduction after the start of treatment with the biological
  time frame: At inclusion
  description: The medication a patient used in the 6 months before inclusion will compared to the medication use thoughout the study period until follow-up (4-6 months after start treatment with biological)
  measure: Respicorder adherence (% of possible measurements actually performed)
  time frame: 2-3 months
  description: Do patients perform the measurements with the Respicorder as scheduled (2x a day). This will be reported as a percentage.
  measure: Respicorder qualitative feedback
  time frame: 2-3 months
  description: What is the user experience with the Respicorder. This will be an open question(s) to the patients.
  measure: Demographics
  time frame: at inclusion
  description: age at inclusion, sex
  measure: Height
  time frame: at inclusion
  description: Height in cm of subjects
  measure: Descriptives
  time frame: at inclusion
  description: Height, weight, medical history (especially eosinophil count, chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps), intoxications, medication use and changes, recent vaccinations, known allergies (especially house dust mite and pollen allergies), special diet (for FeNO), sickness during study period and their day/night rhythm
  measure: Weight
  time frame: at inclusion
  description: weight of subjects in Kg
  measure: Eosinophil count thoughout study
  time frame: at inclusion + 5-7 months from inclusion to follow up
  description: last eosinophil count before inclusion and all eosinophil counts performed in regular care during the study period
  measure: Chronic rhinosinusitis
  time frame: At inclusion
  description: Percentage of subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis
  measure: Recent vaccinations
  time frame: At inclusion + 5-7 months from inclusion to follow up
  description: Do the subjects have had a recent vaccination (percentage)
  measure: Allergies
  time frame: at inclusion
  description: Do the subjects have allergies (percentage per allergy)
  measure: Sickness during study period
  time frame: 5-7 months from inclusion to follow up
  description: Have the subjects been sick (for example common cold) during study period (percentage)
  measure: Day/night rhytm
  time frame: at inclusion
  description: Percentage of subjects with a normal day/night rhythm
  arm group label: Asthma patients
  description: All asthma patients will be observed and receive their regular treatment
  intervention type: Drug
  intervention name: Biological Drug
  description: This intervention is part of regular treatment, subjects will be included if they get this treatment.
  arm group label: Asthma patients
  other name: Mepolizumab
  other name: Omalizumab
  other name: Benralizumab
  other name: Dupilimab
  other name: Reslizumab
  study pop: 
  sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 60 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Els Weersink, Dr.
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Amsterdam UMC, location AMC
  last name: Arjen Pelgröm, MSc.
  phone: +31650922580
  email: a.t.pelgrom@amsterdamumc.nl
  last name: Rene Lutter, Dr.
  email: r.lutter@amsterdamumc.nl
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)
  investigator full name: Els J.M. Weersink
  investigator title: Pulmonary Physician
  mesh term: Asthma
  mesh term: Omalizumab
  mesh term: Benralizumab
  mesh term: Reslizumab