xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06004622</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>202306120RINA</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06004622</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Effectiveness of Calgary Family Intervention Model in Caregivers</brief_title>
    <official_title>Effectiveness of Calgary Family Intervention Model Improving on Uncertainty, Family Functioning, and Resilience in Caregivers of Infants and Toddlers Undergoing Open-heart Surgery.</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>National Taiwan University Hospital</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>National Taiwan University Hospital</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Effectiveness of Calgary family intervention model improving on uncertainty, family&#xD;
        functioning, and resilience in caregivers of infants and toddlers undergoing open-heart&#xD;
        surgery.Research hypothesis is The experimental group of caregivers for infants and toddlers&#xD;
        undergoing open-heart surgery showed significant differences in uncertainty, family&#xD;
        functioning, and family resilience before surgery, prior to transferring out of the intensive&#xD;
        care unit, and before discharge.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Background: For caregivers of infants and toddlers with congenital heart disease, the&#xD;
        experience of their young children undergoing open-heart surgery brings about uncertainty,&#xD;
        including waiting for the child's recovery, providing care in the intensive care unit, and&#xD;
        the possibility of death. These uncertainties can significantly impact the caregivers'&#xD;
        physical and mental well-being, as well as their ability to provide subsequent care and&#xD;
        nurture for the child. Therefore, it is crucial to implement intervention measures that focus&#xD;
        on caring for the caregivers, reducing their sense of uncertainty, and implementing effective&#xD;
        nursing strategies to enhance family functioning and resilience.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of implementing the Calgary Family&#xD;
        Intervention Model on caregivers of infants and toddlers undergoing open-heart surgery in&#xD;
        terms of reducing their uncertainty, improving family functioning, and enhancing resilience.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Methods: This study adopts a quasi-experimental research design and will be conducted at a&#xD;
        medical center in northern Taiwan. A total of 96 caregivers of infants and toddlers&#xD;
        undergoing open-heart surgery will be recruited, and a pre- and post-test design will be&#xD;
        employed with two groups. The control group will receive routine nursing care, while the&#xD;
        experimental group will receive routine nursing care supplemented with the Calgary Family&#xD;
        Intervention Model, which encompasses cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domains. The&#xD;
        experimental group will participate in two therapeutic sessions: 1. The day after surgery and&#xD;
        before visiting the child, and 2. Prior to transferring out of the intensive care unit. Both&#xD;
        groups will be assessed using the parental uncertainty perception scale, APGAR family&#xD;
        function assessment scale, and the family resilience scale as outcome measures. Data will be&#xD;
        collected before surgery, prior to transferring out of the intensive care unit, and before&#xD;
        discharge. Interviews will be conducted with the experimental group, and data analysis will&#xD;
        involve Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for quantitative data and content analysis for&#xD;
        qualitative data.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Expected contributions: In future clinical practice, this study aims to provide valuable&#xD;
        insights into the use of family nursing intervention for caregivers of infants and toddlers&#xD;
        undergoing open-heart surgery, specifically in managing the uncertainties associated with the&#xD;
        illness context. Through therapeutic conversations, this intervention can help identify&#xD;
        family strengths and resources, thereby serving as an important reference strategy for&#xD;
        enhancing family resilience.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">January 1, 2024</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">October 30, 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">February 1, 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Non-Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
      <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>parental uncertainty perception scale</measure>
      <time_frame>one year</time_frame>
      <description>The Chinese questionnaire consists of 30 items, categorized into four domains: Ambiguity, Lack of Clarity, Lack of Information, and Unpredictability. The scoring method is based on the Likert scale, with scores ranging from 1 (&quot;Strongly Disagree&quot;) to 5 (&quot;Strongly Agree&quot;). The possible total score ranges from 30 to 150, with the overall score being the sum of individual item scores. A higher total score indicates a greater sense of uncertainty.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>APGAR family function assessment scale</measure>
      <time_frame>one year</time_frame>
      <description>The questionnaire encompasses five subscales: Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve. Each subscale consists of one question. A 3-point scoring system is employed, where &quot;Often&quot; is scored as 2 points, &quot;Sometimes&quot; as 1 point, and &quot;Hardly Ever&quot; as 0 points. The total score ranges from 0 to 10. Scores between 7 and 10 indicate a functional family, scores between 4 and 6 suggest a moderately dysfunctional family, and scores from 0 to 3 denote a severely dysfunctional family. In other words, higher scores reflect better family functionality, demonstrating the family's ability to effectively handle problems and make harmonious decisions.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>family resilience scale</measure>
      <time_frame>one year</time_frame>
      <description>The content of this questionnaire consists of 31 items, categorized into three domains: Belief System, Organizational Patterns, and Family Communication Process. The scoring of the questionnaire utilizes a five-point Likert scale, ranging from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 5. The scale includes responses of &quot;Strongly Disagree&quot; (1 point), &quot;Disagree&quot; (2 points), &quot;Neutral&quot; (3 points), &quot;Agree&quot; (4 points), and &quot;Strongly Agree&quot; (5 points). The total score range is from 31 to 155 points. Higher scores indicate greater family resilience.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Interview Outline</measure>
      <time_frame>approximately one year.</time_frame>
      <description>Interview Content Based on the research questions, design four open-ended questions to understand the effectiveness of receiving the second Calgary Family Intervention in terms of uncertainty, family functioning, and family resilience:&#xD;
  Before participating in the intervention, what were your worries and concerns about your child? After receiving the intervention, have these worries changed in terms of their intensity? (Uncertainty)&#xD;
  How was the emotional interaction within your family before the intervention? Did the intervention have any impact on your family dynamics? (Family Functioning)&#xD;
  How did your family approach crises before the intervention? How has your family's confidence in overcoming challenges changed after participating in the intervention? (Family Resilience)&#xD;
  Considering your child's entire hospitalization experience and your participation in this research intervention, do you have any suggestions or thoughts to share?</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">96</enrollment>
    <condition>Nursing</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>control group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
      <description>The control group receives care according to the standard intensive care unit nursing guidelines.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>experimental group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>The experimental group, in addition to following the standard guidelines, undergoes two brief therapeutic sessions using the Calgary Family Intervention Model. Each session lasts approximately 20 minutes. Both groups complete three questionnaires during the study period. Furthermore, after the study concludes, the experimental group participates in an interview lasting approximately 15 minutes before returning home.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Calgary Family Intervention Model</intervention_name>
      <description>under two brief therapeutic sessions using the Calgary Family Intervention Model. Each session lasted about 20 minutes and was conducted by a single researcher to maintain consistency. The scheduling of these sessions took into consideration the physiological and emotional stability of the participants. If any issues or difficulties arose during the course of the sessions, they could be paused. The confidentiality and privacy of the discussion content were ensured. The intervention took place in a dedicated room within the intensive care unit, providing sufficient space and privacy.</description>
      <arm_group_label>experimental group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            1. Father or mother of infants and toddlers aged from 1 month to 3 years (inclusive)&#xD;
               undergoing open-heart surgery.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            2. Infants and toddlers diagnosed with congenital heart disease who are undergoing their&#xD;
               first open-heart surgery.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            3. Caregivers who are proficient in the national or Taiwanese language and have normal&#xD;
               cognitive abilities.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            4. Caregivers who can read and understand Chinese characters, enabling them to complete&#xD;
               the questionnaires.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            5. After explanation and reading of the informed consent, caregivers will provide written&#xD;
               consent for participation.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            1. Father or mother of newborns who undergoing open-heart surgery within the first month&#xD;
               after birth.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            2. Caregivers with mental illness or intellectual disabilities.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Chi-Wen Chen, doctor</last_name>
      <role>Study Director</role>
      <affiliation>National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Chih-Han Yang, Bachelor</last_name>
      <phone>+886-982-657-909</phone>
      <email>ivy74711@ntuh.gov.tw</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <overall_contact_backup>
      <last_name>Shu-chien Huang, doctor</last_name>
      <phone>+886-972-651-683</phone>
      <email>dtsurg99@yahoo.com.tw</email>
    </overall_contact_backup>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2022.07.014</url>
      <description>The illness beliefs model: Advancing practice knowledge about illness beliefs, family healing, and family interventions.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20210194</url>
      <description>Family Functioning and Congenital Heart Disease.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.02.010</url>
      <description>Family resilience and its association with psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness: A latent profile analysis.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-1972-y</url>
      <description>Risk factors for low cardiac output syndrome in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00666</url>
      <description>Family resilience in the oncology setting: Development of an integrative framework.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00059</url>
      <description>Family-focused public health: Supporting homes and families in policy and practice.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8654449</url>
      <description>Effect of CICARE communication mode on disease uncertainty, self-nursing ability, and quality of life in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2022.07.017</url>
      <description>The resilient process of the family after diagnosis of childhood chronic illness: A qualitative meta-synthesis.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1273-2</url>
      <description>A randomized clinical trial of the building on family strengths program: An education program for parents of children with chronic health conditions.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00102</url>
      <description>Mental health problems in parents of children with congenital heart disease.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000546</url>
      <description>Individualized family-centered developmental care: An essential model to address the unique needs of infants with congenital heart disease.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz009</url>
      <description>Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970-2017: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515120959877</url>
      <description>Family nursing: The family as the unit of research and care.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4055</url>
      <description>Brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcome in congenital heart disease: A systematic review.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0531</url>
      <description>Telehealth home monitoring and postcardiac surgery for congenital heart disease.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-022-05178-z</url>
      <description>How should we treat representative neonatal surgical diseases with congenital heart disease?</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213154</url>
      <description>Home care experience and nursing needs of caregivers of children undergoing congenital heart disease operations: A qualitative descriptive study.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.646421</url>
      <description>Family resilience, parenting styles and psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness: A cross-sectional study.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.30476/ijcbnm.2021.89691.1630</url>
      <description>Resilience and associated factors in mothers of children with congenital heart disease: A cross-sectional study.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2022.07.014</url>
      <description>Effects of the family support and psychoeducation program based on the calgary family intervention model on the coping, psychological distress and psychological resilience levels of the family caregivers of chronic psychiatric patients.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004450</url>
      <description>Interventions in post-intensive care syndrome-family: A systematic literature review.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>http://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020593</url>
      <description>Incidence and mortality trend of congenital heart disease at the global, regional, and national level, 1990-2017.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.07.009</url>
      <description>A novel nesting protocol to decrease readmission and increase patient satisfaction following congenital heart surgery.</description>
    </link>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 9, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 21, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 22, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 21, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 21, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 22, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Calgary family intervention model</keyword>
    <keyword>caregiver</keyword>
    <keyword>uncertainty</keyword>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06004622
  org study id: 202306120RINA
  nct id: NCT06004622
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  Effectiveness of Calgary family intervention model improving on uncertainty, family
        functioning, and resilience in caregivers of infants and toddlers undergoing open-heart
        surgery.Research hypothesis is The experimental group of caregivers for infants and toddlers
        undergoing open-heart surgery showed significant differences in uncertainty, family
        functioning, and family resilience before surgery, prior to transferring out of the intensive
        care unit, and before discharge.
  Background: For caregivers of infants and toddlers with congenital heart disease, the
        experience of their young children undergoing open-heart surgery brings about uncertainty,
        including waiting for the child's recovery, providing care in the intensive care unit, and
        the possibility of death. These uncertainties can significantly impact the caregivers'
        physical and mental well-being, as well as their ability to provide subsequent care and
        nurture for the child. Therefore, it is crucial to implement intervention measures that focus
        on caring for the caregivers, reducing their sense of uncertainty, and implementing effective
        nursing strategies to enhance family functioning and resilience.
  
        Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of implementing the Calgary Family
        Intervention Model on caregivers of infants and toddlers undergoing open-heart surgery in
        terms of reducing their uncertainty, improving family functioning, and enhancing resilience.
  
        Methods: This study adopts a quasi-experimental research design and will be conducted at a
        medical center in northern Taiwan. A total of 96 caregivers of infants and toddlers
        undergoing open-heart surgery will be recruited, and a pre- and post-test design will be
        employed with two groups. The control group will receive routine nursing care, while the
        experimental group will receive routine nursing care supplemented with the Calgary Family
        Intervention Model, which encompasses cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domains. The
        experimental group will participate in two therapeutic sessions: 1. The day after surgery and
        before visiting the child, and 2. Prior to transferring out of the intensive care unit. Both
        groups will be assessed using the parental uncertainty perception scale, APGAR family
        function assessment scale, and the family resilience scale as outcome measures. Data will be
        collected before surgery, prior to transferring out of the intensive care unit, and before
        discharge. Interviews will be conducted with the experimental group, and data analysis will
        involve Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for quantitative data and content analysis for
        qualitative data.
  
        Expected contributions: In future clinical practice, this study aims to provide valuable
        insights into the use of family nursing intervention for caregivers of infants and toddlers
        undergoing open-heart surgery, specifically in managing the uncertainties associated with the
        illness context. Through therapeutic conversations, this intervention can help identify
        family strengths and resources, thereby serving as an important reference strategy for
        enhancing family resilience.
  allocation: Non-Randomized
  intervention model: Crossover Assignment
  primary purpose: Other
  masking: None (Open Label)
  measure: parental uncertainty perception scale
  time frame: one year
  description: The Chinese questionnaire consists of 30 items, categorized into four domains: Ambiguity, Lack of Clarity, Lack of Information, and Unpredictability. The scoring method is based on the Likert scale, with scores ranging from 1 ("Strongly Disagree") to 5 ("Strongly Agree"). The possible total score ranges from 30 to 150, with the overall score being the sum of individual item scores. A higher total score indicates a greater sense of uncertainty.
  measure: APGAR family function assessment scale
  time frame: one year
  description: The questionnaire encompasses five subscales: Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve. Each subscale consists of one question. A 3-point scoring system is employed, where "Often" is scored as 2 points, "Sometimes" as 1 point, and "Hardly Ever" as 0 points. The total score ranges from 0 to 10. Scores between 7 and 10 indicate a functional family, scores between 4 and 6 suggest a moderately dysfunctional family, and scores from 0 to 3 denote a severely dysfunctional family. In other words, higher scores reflect better family functionality, demonstrating the family's ability to effectively handle problems and make harmonious decisions.
  measure: family resilience scale
  time frame: one year
  description: The content of this questionnaire consists of 31 items, categorized into three domains: Belief System, Organizational Patterns, and Family Communication Process. The scoring of the questionnaire utilizes a five-point Likert scale, ranging from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 5. The scale includes responses of "Strongly Disagree" (1 point), "Disagree" (2 points), "Neutral" (3 points), "Agree" (4 points), and "Strongly Agree" (5 points). The total score range is from 31 to 155 points. Higher scores indicate greater family resilience.
  measure: Interview Outline
  time frame: approximately one year.
  description: Interview Content Based on the research questions, design four open-ended questions to understand the effectiveness of receiving the second Calgary Family Intervention in terms of uncertainty, family functioning, and family resilience:
  Before participating in the intervention, what were your worries and concerns about your child? After receiving the intervention, have these worries changed in terms of their intensity? (Uncertainty)
  How was the emotional interaction within your family before the intervention? Did the intervention have any impact on your family dynamics? (Family Functioning)
  How did your family approach crises before the intervention? How has your family's confidence in overcoming challenges changed after participating in the intervention? (Family Resilience)
  Considering your child's entire hospitalization experience and your participation in this research intervention, do you have any suggestions or thoughts to share?
  arm group label: control group
  arm group type: No Intervention
  description: The control group receives care according to the standard intensive care unit nursing guidelines.
  arm group label: experimental group
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: The experimental group, in addition to following the standard guidelines, undergoes two brief therapeutic sessions using the Calgary Family Intervention Model. Each session lasts approximately 20 minutes. Both groups complete three questionnaires during the study period. Furthermore, after the study concludes, the experimental group participates in an interview lasting approximately 15 minutes before returning home.
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Calgary Family Intervention Model
  description: under two brief therapeutic sessions using the Calgary Family Intervention Model. Each session lasted about 20 minutes and was conducted by a single researcher to maintain consistency. The scheduling of these sessions took into consideration the physiological and emotional stability of the participants. If any issues or difficulties arose during the course of the sessions, they could be paused. The confidentiality and privacy of the discussion content were ensured. The intervention took place in a dedicated room within the intensive care unit, providing sufficient space and privacy.
  arm group label: experimental group
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: N/A
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Chi-Wen Chen, doctor
  role: Study Director
  affiliation: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
  last name: Chih-Han Yang, Bachelor
  phone: +886-982-657-909
  email: ivy74711@ntuh.gov.tw
  last name: Shu-chien Huang, doctor
  phone: +886-972-651-683
  email: dtsurg99@yahoo.com.tw
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2022.07.014
  description: The illness beliefs model: Advancing practice knowledge about illness beliefs, family healing, and family interventions.
  url: https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20210194
  description: Family Functioning and Congenital Heart Disease.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.02.010
  description: Family resilience and its association with psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness: A latent profile analysis.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-1972-y
  description: Risk factors for low cardiac output syndrome in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study.
  url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00666
  description: Family resilience in the oncology setting: Development of an integrative framework.
  url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00059
  description: Family-focused public health: Supporting homes and families in policy and practice.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8654449
  description: Effect of CICARE communication mode on disease uncertainty, self-nursing ability, and quality of life in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2022.07.017
  description: The resilient process of the family after diagnosis of childhood chronic illness: A qualitative meta-synthesis.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1273-2
  description: A randomized clinical trial of the building on family strengths program: An education program for parents of children with chronic health conditions.
  url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00102
  description: Mental health problems in parents of children with congenital heart disease.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0000000000000546
  description: Individualized family-centered developmental care: An essential model to address the unique needs of infants with congenital heart disease.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz009
  description: Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970-2017: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515120959877
  description: Family nursing: The family as the unit of research and care.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4055
  description: Brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcome in congenital heart disease: A systematic review.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0531
  description: Telehealth home monitoring and postcardiac surgery for congenital heart disease.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-022-05178-z
  description: How should we treat representative neonatal surgical diseases with congenital heart disease?
  url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213154
  description: Home care experience and nursing needs of caregivers of children undergoing congenital heart disease operations: A qualitative descriptive study.
  url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.646421
  description: Family resilience, parenting styles and psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness: A cross-sectional study.
  url: https://doi.org/10.30476/ijcbnm.2021.89691.1630
  description: Resilience and associated factors in mothers of children with congenital heart disease: A cross-sectional study.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2022.07.014
  description: Effects of the family support and psychoeducation program based on the calgary family intervention model on the coping, psychological distress and psychological resilience levels of the family caregivers of chronic psychiatric patients.
  url: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004450
  description: Interventions in post-intensive care syndrome-family: A systematic literature review.
  url: http://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020593
  description: Incidence and mortality trend of congenital heart disease at the global, regional, and national level, 1990-2017.
  url: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.07.009
  description: A novel nesting protocol to decrease readmission and increase patient satisfaction following congenital heart surgery.
  responsible party type: Sponsor
  sharing ipd: No