xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06010732</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>23-I-121</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06010732</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>In Situ Comparison of the Remineralization Potential of Optimized Fluoride Dentifrice With Control Fluoride Dentifrice</brief_title>
    <official_title>Comparison of the Remineralization Potential of an Optimized Fluoride Dentifrice With a Control Fluoride Dentifrice Using an in Situ Caries Model</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Indiana University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
      <collaborator>
        <agency>HALEON</agency>
        <agency_class>Industry</agency_class>
      </collaborator>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Indiana University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>Yes</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
      <is_us_export>Yes</is_us_export>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The purpose of this study is to compare the remineralization potential of an optimized&#xD;
        fluoride dentifrice to a control fluoride dentifrice in an in situ caries model.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        This will be a double blind, single center, 3-way crossover design study. Two to three days&#xD;
        before the start of each treatment period the subjects will have their teeth cleaned to&#xD;
        remove all accessible plaque and calculus and will be provided with a non-fluoride dentifrice&#xD;
        to use until their next visit. At the beginning of each testing period, two gauze-covered 4&#xD;
        mm round partially demineralized bovine enamel specimens will be placed in the buccal surface&#xD;
        of two posterior denture teeth (the specimen site may extend into the buccal flange area, if&#xD;
        needed) of the same side of the partial denture. Once specimens are placed, subjects will&#xD;
        wear their partial dentures twenty-four hours a day and use their assigned toothpaste twice&#xD;
        daily, as instructed, until their next visit. Specimens will be removed after two weeks, and&#xD;
        the subjects will undergo at least a four- to five-day washout period followed by another&#xD;
        cleaning and two to three day lead in period. This process will be repeated until all&#xD;
        subjects have used all three test products. Changes in the mineral content of the enamel&#xD;
        specimens will be assessed using surface microhardness (SMH) and transverse microradiography&#xD;
        (TMR). Enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) will be determined using the microdrill enamel biopsy&#xD;
        technique. In addition, the net acid resistance (NAR) and the comparative acid resistance&#xD;
        (CAR) of the demineralized enamel specimens will be determined.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">September 5, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 28, 2023</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">December 28, 2023</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>Phase 3</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
      <masking_description>double blind</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Percent Surface Microhardness Recovery (%SMH Recovery)</measure>
      <time_frame>Two weeks</time_frame>
      <description>The SMH test will be used to assess changes in the mineral status of partially demineralized enamel specimens.&#xD;
  %SMH Recovery = (D1-R)/(D1-B) ×100 B = indentation length (µm) of sound enamel specimen at baseline D1 = indentation length (µm) after in vitro demineralization R = indentation length (µm) after intra-oral exposure.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Enamel Fluoride Uptake (µg F/cm2)</measure>
      <time_frame>Two weeks</time_frame>
      <description>The microdrill enamel biopsy technique will be used to analyze the fluoride content of the partially demineralized enamel specimens. Each enamel specimen will be mounted perpendicular to the long axis of a drill bit attached to a specially designed microdrill and drilled to a depth of ~100 µm through the entire lesion (four cores per specimen). The diameter of the drill hole will be determined using a calibrated microscope interfaced with an image analysis system. The amount of fluoride-uptake by enamel will be calculated based on the amount of fluoride divided by the area of the enamel cores and expressed as µg F/cm2</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Percent Net Acid Resistance</measure>
      <time_frame>Two weeks</time_frame>
      <description>% Net Acid Resistance = [(D1-D2) / (D1-B)] * 100 B= Indentation length (µm) of sound enamel at baseline D1= Indentation length (µm) after first in vitro demineralization D2= Indentation length (µm) after second in vitro demineralization</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Percentage Comparative Acid Resistance</measure>
      <time_frame>Two weeks</time_frame>
      <description>% Comparative Acid Resistance = [(D2-R) / (D1-B)] * 100 B= Indentation length (µm) of sound enamel at baseline R= Indentation length (µm) of enamel after in situ remineralization D1= Indentation length (µm) after first in vitro demineralization D2= Indentation length (µm) after second in vitro demineralization</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Integrated Mineral Loss (∆Z)</measure>
      <time_frame>Two weeks</time_frame>
      <description>∆Z= [(lesion depth x 87) - area under the curve*] calculated using Transverse Microradiography software program</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Lesion Depth (µm)</measure>
      <time_frame>Two weeks</time_frame>
      <description>Lesion Depth - L (83% mineral i.e. 95% of the mineral content of sound enamel) determined using Transverse Microradiography software program</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Maximum mineral density at the surface-zone (SZmax)</measure>
      <time_frame>Two weeks</time_frame>
      <description>SZmax will be determined using Transverse Microradiography software program</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">65</enrollment>
    <condition>Caries</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
      <description>0 ppm F (placebo, negative control,1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride (positive control), 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride Test Product</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
      <description>0 ppm F (placebo, negative control,1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride (positive control), 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride Test Product</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 3</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
      <description>0 ppm F (placebo, negative control,1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride (positive control), 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride Test Product</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>0 ppm F (placebo, negative control)</intervention_name>
      <description>• Each subject will use this product during one of the three treatment periods in the crossover study design.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 3</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>Tom's of Maine Silly Strawberry</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride (positive control)</intervention_name>
      <description>• Each subject will use this product during one of the three treatment periods in the crossover study design.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 3</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>Crest Cavity Protection Toothpaste</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride Test Product</intervention_name>
      <description>• Each subject will use this product during one of the three treatment periods in the crossover study design.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Treatment Period 3</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>Pronamel Daily Protection</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            1. provide voluntary, written informed consent;&#xD;
  &#xD;
            2. be between 18 and 85 years old;&#xD;
  &#xD;
            3. understand and be willing, able and likely to comply with all study procedures and&#xD;
               restrictions;&#xD;
  &#xD;
            4. be wearing a removable mandibular partial denture with sufficient room to accommodate&#xD;
               two 4 mm round specimens in the buccal surface of two posterior denture teeth on the&#xD;
               same side;&#xD;
  &#xD;
            5. be willing and capable of wearing their removable partial denture 24 hours a day for&#xD;
               three (3), two-week treatment periods;&#xD;
  &#xD;
            6. be willing to allow study personnel to drill specimen sites in two denture teeth in&#xD;
               the posterior section of one side of their lower partial denture, which may extend&#xD;
               into the buccal flange area below the teeth;&#xD;
  &#xD;
            7. be in good medical and dental health with no active caries or periodontal disease;&#xD;
               NOTE: subjects presenting at screening with caries may continue in the study if their&#xD;
               carious lesions are restored prior to beginning treatment 1; and&#xD;
  &#xD;
            8. have a salivary flow rate in the range of normal values (unstimulated whole saliva&#xD;
               flow rate ≥ 0.2 mL/min; gum base stimulated whole saliva flow rate ≥ 0.8 mL/min).&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            1. currently be pregnant, intending to become pregnant during the study period or breast&#xD;
               feeding;&#xD;
  &#xD;
            2. currently have any medical condition that could be expected to interfere with the&#xD;
               subject's safety during the study period;&#xD;
  &#xD;
            3. currently be taking antibiotics or have taken antibiotics in the two weeks prior to&#xD;
               the beginning treatment 1;&#xD;
  &#xD;
            4. known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the study materials (or closely&#xD;
               related compounds) or any of their stated ingredients;&#xD;
  &#xD;
            5. have participated in another clinical study or receipt of an investigational drug&#xD;
               within 30 days of beginning treatment 1; or&#xD;
  &#xD;
            6. be taking fluoride supplements, required to use a fluoride mouthrinse or have received&#xD;
               a professional fluoride treatment in the two weeks preceding specimen placement.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>85 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Domenick Zero, DDS, MS</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Indiana University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Anderson Hara, DDS, PhD</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Indiana University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Frank Lippert, PhD</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Indiana University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Lorena Galvez</last_name>
      <phone>317-274-8838</phone>
      <email>logalvez@iu.edu</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Indiana University School of dentistry, Oral Health Research institute</name>
        <address>
          <city>Indianapolis</city>
          <state>Indiana</state>
          <zip>46202</zip>
          <country>United States</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
      <contact>
        <last_name>Lorena Galvez</last_name>
        <phone>317-274-8838</phone>
        <email>logalvez@iu.edu</email>
      </contact>
      <investigator>
        <last_name>Domenick Zero, DDS, MS</last_name>
        <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      </investigator>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>United States</country>
    </location_countries>
    <reference>
      <citation>Clinical Aspects of De/Remineralization of Teeth. Proceedings of Models Conference 1994. Rochester, New York, June 11-14, 1994. Adv Dent Res. 1995 Nov;9(3):169-340. No abstract available.</citation>
      <PMID>8615941</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Corpron RE, Clark JW, Tsai A, More FG, Merrill DF, Kowalski CJ, Tice TR, Rowe CE. Intraoral effects of a fluoride-releasing device on acid-softened enamel. J Am Dent Assoc. 1986 Sep;113(3):383-8. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1986.0202.</citation>
      <PMID>3463611</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Featherstone JD, Mellberg JR. Relative rates of progress of artificial carious lesions in bovine, ovine and human enamel. Caries Res. 1981;15(1):109-14. doi: 10.1159/000260508. No abstract available.</citation>
      <PMID>6937246</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Cate JM, Arends J. Remineralization of artificial enamel lesions in vitro. Caries Res. 1977;11(5):277-86. doi: 10.1159/000260279. No abstract available.</citation>
      <PMID>18285</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Koulourides T, Phantumvanit P, Munksgaard EC, Housch T. An intraoral model used for studies of fluoride incorporation in enamel. J Oral Pathol. 1974;3(4):185-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1974.tb01710.x. No abstract available.</citation>
      <PMID>4219029</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Lippert F, Butler A, Lynch RJ. Characteristics of methylcellulose acid gel lesions created in human and bovine enamel. Caries Res. 2013;47(1):50-5. doi: 10.1159/000343164. Epub 2012 Oct 25.</citation>
      <PMID>23108261</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Lippert F, Hara AT. Fluoride dose-response of human and bovine enamel caries lesions under remineralizing conditions. Am J Dent. 2012 Aug;25(4):205-9.</citation>
      <PMID>23082383</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Lippert F, Lynch RJ. Comparison of Knoop and Vickers surface microhardness and transverse microradiography for the study of early caries lesion formation in human and bovine enamel. Arch Oral Biol. 2014 Jul;59(7):704-10. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.04.005. Epub 2014 Apr 21.</citation>
      <PMID>24798979</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;2003(1):CD002278. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002278.</citation>
      <PMID>12535435</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Mellberg JR. Hard-tissue substrates for evaluation of cariogenic and anti-cariogenic activity in situ. J Dent Res. 1992 Apr;71 Spec No:913-9. doi: 10.1177/002203459207100S25.</citation>
      <PMID>1592986</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Proskin HM, Chilton NW, Kingman A. Interim report of the ad hoc committee for the consideration of statistical concerns related to the use of intra-oral models in submissions for product claims approval to the American Dental Association. J Dent Res. 1992 Apr;71 Spec No:949-52. doi: 10.1177/002203459207100S31.</citation>
      <PMID>1592992</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Sakkab NY, Cilley WA, Haberman JP. Fluoride in deciduous teeth from an anti-caries clinical study. J Dent Res. 1984 Oct;63(10):1201-5. doi: 10.1177/00220345840630100601.</citation>
      <PMID>6592201</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Twetman S, Axelsson S, Dahlgren H, Holm AK, Kallestal C, Lagerlof F, Lingstrom P, Mejare I, Nordenram G, Norlund A, Petersson LG, Soder B. Caries-preventive effect of fluoride toothpaste: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2003 Dec;61(6):347-55. doi: 10.1080/00016350310007590.</citation>
      <PMID>14960006</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, Appelbe P, Marinho VC, Shi X. Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD007868. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007868.pub2.</citation>
      <PMID>20091655</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>White DJ. Use of synthetic polymer gels for artificial carious lesion preparation. Caries Res. 1987;21(3):228-42. doi: 10.1159/000261026. No abstract available.</citation>
      <PMID>3471346</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Zero DT. In situ caries models. Adv Dent Res. 1995 Nov;9(3):214-30; discussion 231-4. doi: 10.1177/08959374950090030501.</citation>
      <PMID>8615944</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Zero DT, Rahbek I, Fu J, Proskin HM, Featherstone JD. Comparison of the iodide permeability test, the surface microhardness test, and mineral dissolution of bovine enamel following acid challenge. Caries Res. 1990;24(3):181-8. doi: 10.1159/000261263.</citation>
      <PMID>2364403</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 17, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 22, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 25, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 30, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 30, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 1, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Indiana University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Domenick Zero</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Principal Investigator</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Caries</keyword>
    <keyword>Remineralization</keyword>
    <keyword>Fluoride</keyword>
    <keyword>Dentifrice</keyword>
    <intervention_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Listerine</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Fluorides</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Sodium Fluoride</mesh_term>
    </intervention_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06010732
  org study id: 23-I-121
  nct id: NCT06010732
  lead sponsor: 
  collaborator: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: Yes
  is fda regulated device: No
  is us export: Yes
  The purpose of this study is to compare the remineralization potential of an optimized
        fluoride dentifrice to a control fluoride dentifrice in an in situ caries model.
  This will be a double blind, single center, 3-way crossover design study. Two to three days
        before the start of each treatment period the subjects will have their teeth cleaned to
        remove all accessible plaque and calculus and will be provided with a non-fluoride dentifrice
        to use until their next visit. At the beginning of each testing period, two gauze-covered 4
        mm round partially demineralized bovine enamel specimens will be placed in the buccal surface
        of two posterior denture teeth (the specimen site may extend into the buccal flange area, if
        needed) of the same side of the partial denture. Once specimens are placed, subjects will
        wear their partial dentures twenty-four hours a day and use their assigned toothpaste twice
        daily, as instructed, until their next visit. Specimens will be removed after two weeks, and
        the subjects will undergo at least a four- to five-day washout period followed by another
        cleaning and two to three day lead in period. This process will be repeated until all
        subjects have used all three test products. Changes in the mineral content of the enamel
        specimens will be assessed using surface microhardness (SMH) and transverse microradiography
        (TMR). Enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) will be determined using the microdrill enamel biopsy
        technique. In addition, the net acid resistance (NAR) and the comparative acid resistance
        (CAR) of the demineralized enamel specimens will be determined.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Crossover Assignment
  primary purpose: Prevention
  masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
  masking description: double blind
  measure: Percent Surface Microhardness Recovery (%SMH Recovery)
  time frame: Two weeks
  description: The SMH test will be used to assess changes in the mineral status of partially demineralized enamel specimens.
  %SMH Recovery = (D1-R)/(D1-B) ×100 B = indentation length (µm) of sound enamel specimen at baseline D1 = indentation length (µm) after in vitro demineralization R = indentation length (µm) after intra-oral exposure.
  measure: Enamel Fluoride Uptake (µg F/cm2)
  time frame: Two weeks
  description: The microdrill enamel biopsy technique will be used to analyze the fluoride content of the partially demineralized enamel specimens. Each enamel specimen will be mounted perpendicular to the long axis of a drill bit attached to a specially designed microdrill and drilled to a depth of ~100 µm through the entire lesion (four cores per specimen). The diameter of the drill hole will be determined using a calibrated microscope interfaced with an image analysis system. The amount of fluoride-uptake by enamel will be calculated based on the amount of fluoride divided by the area of the enamel cores and expressed as µg F/cm2
  measure: Percent Net Acid Resistance
  time frame: Two weeks
  description: % Net Acid Resistance = [(D1-D2) / (D1-B)] * 100 B= Indentation length (µm) of sound enamel at baseline D1= Indentation length (µm) after first in vitro demineralization D2= Indentation length (µm) after second in vitro demineralization
  measure: Percentage Comparative Acid Resistance
  time frame: Two weeks
  description: % Comparative Acid Resistance = [(D2-R) / (D1-B)] * 100 B= Indentation length (µm) of sound enamel at baseline R= Indentation length (µm) of enamel after in situ remineralization D1= Indentation length (µm) after first in vitro demineralization D2= Indentation length (µm) after second in vitro demineralization
  measure: Integrated Mineral Loss (∆Z)
  time frame: Two weeks
  description: ∆Z= [(lesion depth x 87) - area under the curve*] calculated using Transverse Microradiography software program
  measure: Lesion Depth (µm)
  time frame: Two weeks
  description: Lesion Depth - L (83% mineral i.e. 95% of the mineral content of sound enamel) determined using Transverse Microradiography software program
  measure: Maximum mineral density at the surface-zone (SZmax)
  time frame: Two weeks
  description: SZmax will be determined using Transverse Microradiography software program
  arm group label: Treatment Period 1
  arm group type: Other
  description: 0 ppm F (placebo, negative control,1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride (positive control), 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride Test Product
  arm group label: Treatment Period 2
  arm group type: Other
  description: 0 ppm F (placebo, negative control,1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride (positive control), 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride Test Product
  arm group label: Treatment Period 3
  arm group type: Other
  description: 0 ppm F (placebo, negative control,1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride (positive control), 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride Test Product
  intervention type: Drug
  intervention name: 0 ppm F (placebo, negative control)
  description: • Each subject will use this product during one of the three treatment periods in the crossover study design.
  arm group label: Treatment Period 1
  arm group label: Treatment Period 2
  arm group label: Treatment Period 3
  other name: Tom's of Maine Silly Strawberry
  intervention type: Drug
  intervention name: 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride (positive control)
  description: • Each subject will use this product during one of the three treatment periods in the crossover study design.
  arm group label: Treatment Period 1
  arm group label: Treatment Period 2
  arm group label: Treatment Period 3
  other name: Crest Cavity Protection Toothpaste
  intervention type: Drug
  intervention name: 1100 ppm F as sodium fluoride Test Product
  description: • Each subject will use this product during one of the three treatment periods in the crossover study design.
  arm group label: Treatment Period 1
  arm group label: Treatment Period 2
  arm group label: Treatment Period 3
  other name: Pronamel Daily Protection
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 85 Years
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  last name: Domenick Zero, DDS, MS
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Indiana University
  last name: Anderson Hara, DDS, PhD
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Indiana University
  last name: Frank Lippert, PhD
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Indiana University
  last name: Lorena Galvez
  phone: 317-274-8838
  email: logalvez@iu.edu
  facility: 
  contact: 
  investigator: 
  country: United States
  citation: Clinical Aspects of De/Remineralization of Teeth. Proceedings of Models Conference 1994. Rochester, New York, June 11-14, 1994. Adv Dent Res. 1995 Nov;9(3):169-340. No abstract available.
  PMID: 8615941
  citation: Corpron RE, Clark JW, Tsai A, More FG, Merrill DF, Kowalski CJ, Tice TR, Rowe CE. Intraoral effects of a fluoride-releasing device on acid-softened enamel. J Am Dent Assoc. 1986 Sep;113(3):383-8. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1986.0202.
  PMID: 3463611
  citation: Featherstone JD, Mellberg JR. Relative rates of progress of artificial carious lesions in bovine, ovine and human enamel. Caries Res. 1981;15(1):109-14. doi: 10.1159/000260508. No abstract available.
  PMID: 6937246
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  PMID: 18285
  citation: Koulourides T, Phantumvanit P, Munksgaard EC, Housch T. An intraoral model used for studies of fluoride incorporation in enamel. J Oral Pathol. 1974;3(4):185-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1974.tb01710.x. No abstract available.
  PMID: 4219029
  citation: Lippert F, Butler A, Lynch RJ. Characteristics of methylcellulose acid gel lesions created in human and bovine enamel. Caries Res. 2013;47(1):50-5. doi: 10.1159/000343164. Epub 2012 Oct 25.
  PMID: 23108261
  citation: Lippert F, Hara AT. Fluoride dose-response of human and bovine enamel caries lesions under remineralizing conditions. Am J Dent. 2012 Aug;25(4):205-9.
  PMID: 23082383
  citation: Lippert F, Lynch RJ. Comparison of Knoop and Vickers surface microhardness and transverse microradiography for the study of early caries lesion formation in human and bovine enamel. Arch Oral Biol. 2014 Jul;59(7):704-10. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.04.005. Epub 2014 Apr 21.
  PMID: 24798979
  citation: Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Sheiham A, Logan S. Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;2003(1):CD002278. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002278.
  PMID: 12535435
  citation: Mellberg JR. Hard-tissue substrates for evaluation of cariogenic and anti-cariogenic activity in situ. J Dent Res. 1992 Apr;71 Spec No:913-9. doi: 10.1177/002203459207100S25.
  PMID: 1592986
  citation: Proskin HM, Chilton NW, Kingman A. Interim report of the ad hoc committee for the consideration of statistical concerns related to the use of intra-oral models in submissions for product claims approval to the American Dental Association. J Dent Res. 1992 Apr;71 Spec No:949-52. doi: 10.1177/002203459207100S31.
  PMID: 1592992
  citation: Sakkab NY, Cilley WA, Haberman JP. Fluoride in deciduous teeth from an anti-caries clinical study. J Dent Res. 1984 Oct;63(10):1201-5. doi: 10.1177/00220345840630100601.
  PMID: 6592201
  citation: Twetman S, Axelsson S, Dahlgren H, Holm AK, Kallestal C, Lagerlof F, Lingstrom P, Mejare I, Nordenram G, Norlund A, Petersson LG, Soder B. Caries-preventive effect of fluoride toothpaste: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2003 Dec;61(6):347-55. doi: 10.1080/00016350310007590.
  PMID: 14960006
  citation: Walsh T, Worthington HV, Glenny AM, Appelbe P, Marinho VC, Shi X. Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD007868. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007868.pub2.
  PMID: 20091655
  citation: White DJ. Use of synthetic polymer gels for artificial carious lesion preparation. Caries Res. 1987;21(3):228-42. doi: 10.1159/000261026. No abstract available.
  PMID: 3471346
  citation: Zero DT. In situ caries models. Adv Dent Res. 1995 Nov;9(3):214-30; discussion 231-4. doi: 10.1177/08959374950090030501.
  PMID: 8615944
  citation: Zero DT, Rahbek I, Fu J, Proskin HM, Featherstone JD. Comparison of the iodide permeability test, the surface microhardness test, and mineral dissolution of bovine enamel following acid challenge. Caries Res. 1990;24(3):181-8. doi: 10.1159/000261263.
  PMID: 2364403
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Indiana University
  investigator full name: Domenick Zero
  investigator title: Principal Investigator
  mesh term: Listerine
  mesh term: Fluorides
  mesh term: Sodium Fluoride
  sharing ipd: No