xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05980195</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>CH2023-06-13</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT05980195</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Cognitive Improvement After Carotid Stenting in Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Trial</brief_title>
    <official_title>Cognitive Improvement After cARotid stEnting in HyperBaric Oxygen Therapy Trial (CARE-HBOT)</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Beijing Tiantan Hospital</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Beijing Tiantan Hospital</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The purpose of CARE-HBOT study is to evaluate whether patients with symptomatic severe&#xD;
        carotid artery stenosis with cognitive impairment who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy&#xD;
        plus standard medical treatment after stent implantation could improve their cognitive&#xD;
        function compared with those who underwent standard postoperative medical treatment.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        This study is a prospective, multi-center, 1:1 randomized trial. In patients with symptomatic&#xD;
        severe carotid artery stenosis with cognitive impairment underwent stent implantation,&#xD;
        whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment after stenting could&#xD;
        improve their cognitive function compared with those who underwent standard postoperative&#xD;
        medical treatment will be studied.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Primary endpoint: Cognitive level at 6 months of follow up.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">August 31, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 31, 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">December 31, 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) will be use to assess the cognitive level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 30. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of MMSE will be use to assess the cognitive level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 30. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of AVLT will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 12. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Symbol Digital Modalities Test (SDMT)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of SDMT will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 90. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Digit Span Test (DST)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of DST will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 22. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Stroop Color-Word Test (Stroop)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of Stroop will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 50. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Trail Making Test (TMT)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of TMT will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. Recording time consumption. Shorter time consumptions mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Boston Naming Test (BNT)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of BNT will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 30. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Verbal Fluence Test (VFT)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of VFT will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. Record the number of correct phrases. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of HAMA will be use to assess the anxiety level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 64. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of HAMD will be use to assess the depression level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 96. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)</measure>
      <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
      <description>Chinese version of PSQI will be use to assess the sleep quality of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 27. Higher scores mean a better outcome.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">90</enrollment>
    <condition>Carotid Stenosis</condition>
    <condition>Cognitive Impairment</condition>
    <condition>Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy</condition>
    <condition>Stent Implantation</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>Patients will receive hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment after stenting</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Standard medical treatment</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>Patients will receive standard medical treatment after stenting</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Hyperbaric oxygen therapy</intervention_name>
      <description>Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 30 times within 50 days</description>
      <arm_group_label>Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Standard medical treatment</intervention_name>
      <description>Standard medical treatment consists of dual antiplatelet treatment (aspirin 100 mg per day for the entire follow-up, clopidogrel 75 per day mg, or ticagrelor 90 mg twice per day for 3 months after stenting).&#xD;
  Other Name: Dual antiplatelet therapy for 3 months</description>
      <arm_group_label>Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Standard medical treatment</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Risk factor management</intervention_name>
      <description>Management of risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, lipoprotein metabolism disorder, smoking and exercise</description>
      <arm_group_label>Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Standard medical treatment</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            1. Age from 18 to 75 years&#xD;
  &#xD;
            2. Ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurred within 30 days before&#xD;
               endovascular stent treatment&#xD;
  &#xD;
            3. National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) ≤3&#xD;
  &#xD;
            4. Culprit vessel was the common carotid artery or extracranial internal carotid artery,&#xD;
               involving or not involving the external carotid artery&#xD;
  &#xD;
            5. The degree of culprit arterial stenosis is 70-99 % ; based on Digital subtraction&#xD;
               angiography (DSA) (According to North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy&#xD;
               Trial (NASCET) method)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            6. The diameter of the target vessel between 4.0 mm - 9.0 mm&#xD;
  &#xD;
            7. Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) score : education level-middle school ≤ 24;&#xD;
               education level-high school ≤ 20 ; education level-college ≤ 17&#xD;
  &#xD;
            8. Baseline modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 3&#xD;
  &#xD;
            9. Patient understands the purpose and requirements of the study, and has provided&#xD;
               informed consent&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            1. Tandem extracranial or intracranial stenosis (70%-99%) or occlusion that is proximal&#xD;
               or distal to the target intracranial lesion&#xD;
  &#xD;
            2. Serious perioperative complications affecting subsequent hyperbaric oxygen therapy&#xD;
               (such as cerebral hemorrhage, disabling stroke, etc.)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            3. Any history of brain parenchymal or subarachnoid, subdural or extradural haemorrhage&#xD;
               in the past 12 months&#xD;
  &#xD;
            4. Hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke within 60 days before enrollment&#xD;
  &#xD;
            5. Intracranial artery stenosis caused by non-atherosclerotic lesions, including:&#xD;
               arterial dissection, Moyamoya disease, vasculitis disease, herpes zoster,&#xD;
               varicella-zoster or other viral vascular diseases, neurosyphilis, any other&#xD;
               intracranial infections, any intracranial stenosis related to cerebrospinal fluid&#xD;
               cells, radiation-induced vascular disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, sickle cell&#xD;
               disease, neurofibromatosis, central nervous system benign vascular disease, postpartum&#xD;
               vascular disease, suspected vasospasm, suspicious embolism recanalization, etc&#xD;
  &#xD;
            6. Nervous system diseases in the past two years, characterized by transient or fixed&#xD;
               neurological deficits (such as partial or secondary generalized seizures of epilepsy,&#xD;
               complex or classic migraine, tumor or other intracranial space-occupying lesions,&#xD;
               subdural hematoma, brain contusion or other post-traumatic lesions, intracranial&#xD;
               infection, demyelinating diseases, intracranial hemorrhage, etc.), which cannot be&#xD;
               distinguished from cerebral infarction&#xD;
  &#xD;
            7. History of stenting of an intracranial or extracranial artery&#xD;
  &#xD;
            8. Presence of any unequivocal cardiac source of embolism&#xD;
  &#xD;
            9. Chronic atrial fibrillation; paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or paroxysmal atrial&#xD;
               fibrillation in the past 6 months, or a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,&#xD;
               requiring long-term anticoagulation&#xD;
  &#xD;
           10. Myocardial infarction in the past 30 days&#xD;
  &#xD;
           11. Combined with intracranial tumor, aneurysm or intracranial arteriovenous malformation&#xD;
  &#xD;
           12. Cannot tolerate dual antiplatelet therapy due to known diseases (such as&#xD;
               gastrointestinal bleeding)&#xD;
  &#xD;
           13. Contraindications to heparin, aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, anesthesia, or&#xD;
               contrast agents&#xD;
  &#xD;
           14. Hemoglobin&lt;100g/L, platelet count &lt;100×109/L, international normalized ratio&#xD;
               (INR)&gt;1.5, or heparin-related thrombocytopenia or uncorrectable factors leading to&#xD;
               bleeding&#xD;
  &#xD;
           15. Not suitable for vessel angiography or endovascular interventional therapy (such as&#xD;
               morbid obesity; serious vascular tortuosity that hinders the safe introduction of the&#xD;
               guiding catheter)&#xD;
  &#xD;
           16. Severe hepatic and renal dysfunction&#xD;
  &#xD;
           17. Major surgery within the past 30 days or planned within 90 days&#xD;
  &#xD;
           18. Renal artery, iliac artery, and coronary artery requiring simultaneous intervention&#xD;
  &#xD;
           19. Life expectancy &lt;1 year&#xD;
  &#xD;
           20. Pregnant or lactating women&#xD;
  &#xD;
           21. Cognitive assessment and follow-up could not be completed due to factors such as&#xD;
               severe aphasia, neuropsychological illness or mental illness or dysarthria and&#xD;
               inability to communicate&#xD;
  &#xD;
           22. History of drug or alcohol abuse, head trauma or central nervous system infection;&#xD;
               current use of drugs that affect cognition&#xD;
  &#xD;
           23. Combined with diseases that are not suitable for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (such as&#xD;
               untreated pneumothorax, uncontrolled epilepsy, claustrophobia, angle-closure glaucoma,&#xD;
               cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis, etc.)&#xD;
  &#xD;
           24. Enrollment in another study that would conflict with the current study&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>75 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Ning Ma</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Beijing Tiantan Hospital</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Weilun Fu</last_name>
      <phone>+86-010-59978857</phone>
      <email>doctorfwl@163.com</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <reference>
      <citation>Wolff T, Guirguis-Blake J, Miller T, Gillespie M, Harris R. Screening for carotid artery stenosis: an update of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Dec 18;147(12):860-70. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-147-12-200712180-00006.</citation>
      <PMID>18087057</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Floyd J, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jimenez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Mackey RH, Matsushita K, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Thiagarajan RR, Reeves MJ, Ritchey M, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sasson C, Towfighi A, Tsao CW, Turner MB, Virani SS, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Mar 7;135(10):e146-e603. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485. Epub 2017 Jan 25. No abstract available. Erratum In: Circulation. 2017 Mar 7;135(10 ):e646. Circulation. 2017 Sep 5;136(10 ):e196.</citation>
      <PMID>28122885</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Sardar P, Chatterjee S, Aronow HD, Kundu A, Ramchand P, Mukherjee D, Nairooz R, Gray WA, White CJ, Jaff MR, Rosenfield K, Giri J. Carotid Artery Stenting Versus Endarterectomy for Stroke Prevention: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 May 9;69(18):2266-2275. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.02.053.</citation>
      <PMID>28473130</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, Cockroft KM, Gutierrez J, Lombardi-Hill D, Kamel H, Kernan WN, Kittner SJ, Leira EC, Lennon O, Meschia JF, Nguyen TN, Pollak PM, Santangeli P, Sharrief AZ, Smith SC Jr, Turan TN, Williams LS. 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-e467. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000375. Epub 2021 May 24. No abstract available. Erratum In: Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e483-e484.</citation>
      <PMID>34024117</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Bonati LH, Kakkos S, Berkefeld J, de Borst GJ, Bulbulia R, Halliday A, van Herzeele I, Koncar I, McCabe DJ, Lal A, Ricco JB, Ringleb P, Taylor-Rowan M, Eckstein HH. European Stroke Organisation guideline on endarterectomy and stenting for carotid artery stenosis. Eur Stroke J. 2021 Jun;6(2):I-XLVII. doi: 10.1177/23969873211012121. Epub 2021 May 11.</citation>
      <PMID>34414302</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Sztriha LK, Nemeth D, Sefcsik T, Vecsei L. Carotid stenosis and the cognitive function. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Aug 15;283(1-2):36-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.307. Epub 2009 Mar 9.</citation>
      <PMID>19269651</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Altinbas A, van Zandvoort MJ, van den Berg E, Jongen LM, Algra A, Moll FL, Nederkoorn PJ, Mali WP, Bonati LH, Brown MM, Kappelle LJ, van der Worp HB. Cognition after carotid endarterectomy or stenting: a randomized comparison. Neurology. 2011 Sep 13;77(11):1084-90. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822e55b9. Epub 2011 Aug 31.</citation>
      <PMID>21880992</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Huang P, He XY, Xu M. Effects of Carotid Artery Stent and Carotid Endarterectomy on Cognitive Function in Patients with Carotid Stenosis. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Dec 16;2020:6634537. doi: 10.1155/2020/6634537. eCollection 2020.</citation>
      <PMID>33381568</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Gottfried I, Schottlender N, Ashery U. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment-From Mechanisms to Cognitive Improvement. Biomolecules. 2021 Oct 15;11(10):1520. doi: 10.3390/biom11101520.</citation>
      <PMID>34680155</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Hadanny A, Rittblat M, Bitterman M, May-Raz I, Suzin G, Boussi-Gross R, Zemel Y, Bechor Y, Catalogna M, Efrati S. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions of post-stroke patients - a retrospective analysis. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2020;38(1):93-107. doi: 10.3233/RNN-190959.</citation>
      <PMID>31985478</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>July 6, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 4, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 7, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 6, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 6, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 8, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
    </responsible_party>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Carotid Stenosis</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05980195
  org study id: CH2023-06-13
  nct id: NCT05980195
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  The purpose of CARE-HBOT study is to evaluate whether patients with symptomatic severe
        carotid artery stenosis with cognitive impairment who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy
        plus standard medical treatment after stent implantation could improve their cognitive
        function compared with those who underwent standard postoperative medical treatment.
  This study is a prospective, multi-center, 1:1 randomized trial. In patients with symptomatic
        severe carotid artery stenosis with cognitive impairment underwent stent implantation,
        whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment after stenting could
        improve their cognitive function compared with those who underwent standard postoperative
        medical treatment will be studied.
  
        Primary endpoint: Cognitive level at 6 months of follow up.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  primary purpose: Treatment
  masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
  measure: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) will be use to assess the cognitive level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 30. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  measure: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of MMSE will be use to assess the cognitive level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 30. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  measure: Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of AVLT will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 12. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  measure: Symbol Digital Modalities Test (SDMT)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of SDMT will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 90. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  measure: Digit Span Test (DST)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of DST will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 22. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  measure: Stroop Color-Word Test (Stroop)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of Stroop will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 50. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  measure: Trail Making Test (TMT)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of TMT will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. Recording time consumption. Shorter time consumptions mean a better outcome.
  measure: Boston Naming Test (BNT)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of BNT will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 30. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  measure: Verbal Fluence Test (VFT)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of VFT will be use to assess the cognitive function domain level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. Record the number of correct phrases. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  measure: Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of HAMA will be use to assess the anxiety level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 64. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  measure: Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of HAMD will be use to assess the depression level of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 96. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  measure: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
  time frame: 6 months
  description: Chinese version of PSQI will be use to assess the sleep quality of the hyperbaric oxygen therapy group (HBOT group) and the control group at 6 months after procedure. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 27. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
  arm group label: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: Patients will receive hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment after stenting
  arm group label: Standard medical treatment
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: Patients will receive standard medical treatment after stenting
  intervention type: Procedure
  intervention name: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
  description: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for 30 times within 50 days
  arm group label: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment
  intervention type: Drug
  intervention name: Standard medical treatment
  description: Standard medical treatment consists of dual antiplatelet treatment (aspirin 100 mg per day for the entire follow-up, clopidogrel 75 per day mg, or ticagrelor 90 mg twice per day for 3 months after stenting).
  Other Name: Dual antiplatelet therapy for 3 months
  arm group label: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment
  arm group label: Standard medical treatment
  intervention type: Behavioral
  intervention name: Risk factor management
  description: Management of risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, lipoprotein metabolism disorder, smoking and exercise
  arm group label: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard medical treatment
  arm group label: Standard medical treatment
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 75 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Ning Ma
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Beijing Tiantan Hospital
  last name: Weilun Fu
  phone: +86-010-59978857
  email: doctorfwl@163.com
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  PMID: 18087057
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  PMID: 28122885
  citation: Sardar P, Chatterjee S, Aronow HD, Kundu A, Ramchand P, Mukherjee D, Nairooz R, Gray WA, White CJ, Jaff MR, Rosenfield K, Giri J. Carotid Artery Stenting Versus Endarterectomy for Stroke Prevention: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 May 9;69(18):2266-2275. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.02.053.
  PMID: 28473130
  citation: Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, Cockroft KM, Gutierrez J, Lombardi-Hill D, Kamel H, Kernan WN, Kittner SJ, Leira EC, Lennon O, Meschia JF, Nguyen TN, Pollak PM, Santangeli P, Sharrief AZ, Smith SC Jr, Turan TN, Williams LS. 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-e467. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000375. Epub 2021 May 24. No abstract available. Erratum In: Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e483-e484.
  PMID: 34024117
  citation: Bonati LH, Kakkos S, Berkefeld J, de Borst GJ, Bulbulia R, Halliday A, van Herzeele I, Koncar I, McCabe DJ, Lal A, Ricco JB, Ringleb P, Taylor-Rowan M, Eckstein HH. European Stroke Organisation guideline on endarterectomy and stenting for carotid artery stenosis. Eur Stroke J. 2021 Jun;6(2):I-XLVII. doi: 10.1177/23969873211012121. Epub 2021 May 11.
  PMID: 34414302
  citation: Sztriha LK, Nemeth D, Sefcsik T, Vecsei L. Carotid stenosis and the cognitive function. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Aug 15;283(1-2):36-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.307. Epub 2009 Mar 9.
  PMID: 19269651
  citation: Altinbas A, van Zandvoort MJ, van den Berg E, Jongen LM, Algra A, Moll FL, Nederkoorn PJ, Mali WP, Bonati LH, Brown MM, Kappelle LJ, van der Worp HB. Cognition after carotid endarterectomy or stenting: a randomized comparison. Neurology. 2011 Sep 13;77(11):1084-90. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822e55b9. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
  PMID: 21880992
  citation: Huang P, He XY, Xu M. Effects of Carotid Artery Stent and Carotid Endarterectomy on Cognitive Function in Patients with Carotid Stenosis. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Dec 16;2020:6634537. doi: 10.1155/2020/6634537. eCollection 2020.
  PMID: 33381568
  citation: Gottfried I, Schottlender N, Ashery U. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment-From Mechanisms to Cognitive Improvement. Biomolecules. 2021 Oct 15;11(10):1520. doi: 10.3390/biom11101520.
  PMID: 34680155
  citation: Hadanny A, Rittblat M, Bitterman M, May-Raz I, Suzin G, Boussi-Gross R, Zemel Y, Bechor Y, Catalogna M, Efrati S. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions of post-stroke patients - a retrospective analysis. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2020;38(1):93-107. doi: 10.3233/RNN-190959.
  PMID: 31985478
  responsible party type: Sponsor
  mesh term: Carotid Stenosis
  sharing ipd: No