xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05965869</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>23-0169</org_study_id>
      <secondary_id>23-0169</secondary_id>
      <nct_id>NCT05965869</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Healthy Communities Through CHW Initiatives</brief_title>
    <official_title>Creating Healthy Communities Through a Church-based, Community Health Worker-led Initiative</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
      <collaborator>
        <agency>Baylor College of Medicine</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </collaborator>
      <collaborator>
        <agency>University of Houston</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </collaborator>
    </sponsors>
    <source>The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Latino(a)s suffer from poor social determinants of health (SODH) conditions more than&#xD;
        non-minority populations, and being a minority is risk factor alone for diabetes. In the&#xD;
        proposed study, investigators will assist church members in becoming Community Health Workers&#xD;
        (CHWs), train them in diabetes, and use an online platform (Salesforce) to track the ability&#xD;
        to address healthcare access and quality barriers.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Social determinants of health (SODH) are environmental variables that determine&#xD;
        quality-of-life outcomes and risks that are delineated into five domains. Inequities in SODH&#xD;
        are directly associated with diabetes. Latino(a)s suffer from poor SODH conditions more than&#xD;
        non-minority populations, and being a minority is risk factor alone for diabetes. To quantify&#xD;
        progress in SODH, Healthy People 2030 has provided specific objectives to measure each domain&#xD;
        (economic stability, education access and quality, healthcare access and quality,&#xD;
        neighborhood and build environment, and social and community context); this application&#xD;
        focuses on the healthcare access and quality domain. While there are numerous screening&#xD;
        mechanisms to identify SODH conditions, there is a critical need to implement interventions&#xD;
        that are translatable into real-world practices.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        A successful intervention requires several components. For the community, sites are needed&#xD;
        that can bring individuals together, making collaboration with faith-based establishments of&#xD;
        particular interest. Religious institutions provide an infrastructure that will persist&#xD;
        beyond funding periods and a framework for the community to share a responsibility of health&#xD;
        promotion.1 Churches also provide an accessible and familiar setting to provide health&#xD;
        outreach programs but often lack trained personnel to conduct initiatives. In addition,&#xD;
        training leaders within these settings who can reach the community is essential. Community&#xD;
        Health Workers (CHWs) are trusted leaders within their community.2 Training church members to&#xD;
        become CHWs potentially establishes a site familiar to the surrounding communities led by&#xD;
        trusted individuals who understand the population at hand. Finally, secure avenues to collect&#xD;
        and transmit data are needed. Utilizing secure HIPAA-approved technology reduces risks of&#xD;
        loss of confidentiality while allowing collection of valuable information that may not have&#xD;
        been collected otherwise. Since COVID-19, investigators have increased the use of online&#xD;
        platforms, but these modalities must be translatable to personnel with potentially little to&#xD;
        no technological experience.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        To address gaps in SDOH, the investigators propose a 6-month church-based intervention for&#xD;
        Latino(a)s with and at risk for diabetes (n=100). We will assist church members in becoming&#xD;
        CHWs, train them in diabetes, and use an online platform (Salesforce) to track the ability to&#xD;
        address healthcare access and quality barriers. The research team will provide telementoring&#xD;
        to local community teams (church leadership and CHWs) to initiate the intervention. We will&#xD;
        test the feasibility of the program using three pre-established areas of focus:&#xD;
        acceptability, integration, limited efficacy testing.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">August 1, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">July 31, 2026</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">July 31, 2025</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>N/A</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Single Group Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
      <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Evaluate the integration of the intervention</measure>
      <time_frame>6-months</time_frame>
      <description>CHW ability to use software as measured by the number of anticipated vs. actual documents uploaded at 6-months</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Test the limited efficacy of the intervention</measure>
      <time_frame>6-months</time_frame>
      <description>Participant knowledge as measured by the % correct on a pretest vs. posttest, CHW ability to use Salesforce to track and address unmet Healthy People 2030 healthcare access objectives, CHW ability to use Salesforce to track and address newly identified healthcare access barriers. The latter two will be measured by a continuous outcome, from 0 to x. We will also measure if there were missed opportunities and the percentage identified vs. percentage of those missed.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Provide acceptability data of the intervention</measure>
      <time_frame>6-months</time_frame>
      <description>Site, CHW, and participant survey data at 6-months as measured on a Likert scale, e.g., Likert scale from 1 to 5 where 1 is unsatisfied and 5 is very satisfied.&#xD;
  Participant participation trends in the intervention</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>1</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">200</enrollment>
    <condition>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Diabetes program and education</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>Receive diabetes program and education</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>diabetes program</intervention_name>
      <description>CHWs will contact participants weekly via phone or text, send bimonthly diabetes education videos, and provide optional monthly seminars.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Diabetes program and education</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Spanish-speaking Latino(a)s adults&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  pregnant state or anticipated state in the next 6 months&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Type 1 diabetes diagnosis&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Not Spanish-speaking, and&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Self-disclosed diagnosis of schizophrenia, psychotic/delusional disorder, or severe&#xD;
               Alzheimer's disease.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Elizabeth Vaughan, DO</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Elizabeth Vaughan, DO</last_name>
      <phone>1-409-772-4182</phone>
      <email>emvaugha@utmb.edu</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston</name>
        <address>
          <city>Galveston</city>
          <state>Texas</state>
          <zip>77555-0158</zip>
          <country>United States</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
      <status>Recruiting</status>
      <contact>
        <last_name>Erika LeGross</last_name>
        <phone>409-266-9400</phone>
      </contact>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>United States</country>
    </location_countries>
    <reference>
      <citation>Wyatt LC, Katigbak C, Riley L, Zanowiak JM, Ursua R, Kwon SC, Trinh-Shevrin C, Islam NS. Promoting Physical Activity Among Immigrant Asian Americans: Results from Four Community Health Worker Studies. J Immigr Minor Health. 2023 Apr;25(2):291-305. doi: 10.1007/s10903-022-01411-y. Epub 2022 Oct 23.</citation>
      <PMID>36273386</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Hessler D, Fisher L, Dickinson M, Dickinson P, Parra J, Potter MB. The impact of enhancing self-management support for diabetes in Community Health Centers through patient engagement and relationship building: a primary care pragmatic cluster-randomized trial. Transl Behav Med. 2022 Oct 7;12(9):909-918. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibac046.</citation>
      <PMID>36205473</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Levy NK, Park A, Solis D, Hu L, Langford AT, Wang B, Rogers ES. Social Determinants of Health and Diabetes-Related Distress in Patients With Insulin-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes: Cross-sectional, Mixed Methods Approach. JMIR Form Res. 2022 Oct 12;6(10):e40164. doi: 10.2196/40164.</citation>
      <PMID>36222807</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Wagner J, Bermudez-Millan A, Buckley T, Buxton OM, Feinn R, Kong S, Kuoch T, Nye LM, Scully M. Self-reported outcomes of a randomized trial comparing three community health worker interventions for diabetes prevention among Cambodian Americans with depression. Patient Educ Couns. 2022 Dec;105(12):3501-3508. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.09.011. Epub 2022 Oct 6.</citation>
      <PMID>36307274</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Deverts DJ, Heisler M, Kieffer EC, Piatt GA, Valbuena F, Yabes JG, Guajardo C, Ilarraza-Montalvo D, Palmisano G, Koerbel G, Rosland AM. Comparing the effectiveness of Family Support for Health Action (FAM-ACT) with traditional community health worker-led interventions to improve adult diabetes management and outcomes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2022 Oct 3;23(1):841. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06764-1.</citation>
      <PMID>36192769</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Attkisson CC, Zwick R. The client satisfaction questionnaire. Psychometric properties and correlations with service utilization and psychotherapy outcome. Eval Program Plann. 1982;5(3):233-7. doi: 10.1016/0149-7189(82)90074-x.</citation>
      <PMID>10259963</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Keegan CN, Johnston CA, Cardenas VJ Jr, Vaughan EM. Evaluating the Impact of Telehealth-Based, Diabetes Medication Training for Community Health Workers on Glycemic Control. J Pers Med. 2020 Sep 11;10(3):121. doi: 10.3390/jpm10030121.</citation>
      <PMID>32932865</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Garcia AA, Villagomez ET, Brown SA, Kouzekanani K, Hanis CL. The Starr County Diabetes Education Study: development of the Spanish-language diabetes knowledge questionnaire. Diabetes Care. 2001 Jan;24(1):16-21. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.1.16. Erratum In: Diabetes Care 2001 May;24(5):972.</citation>
      <PMID>11194219</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Dumville JC, Torgerson DJ, Hewitt CE. Reporting attrition in randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2006 Apr 22;332(7547):969-71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7547.969.</citation>
      <PMID>16627519</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Parmanto B, Lewis AN Jr, Graham KM, Bertolet MH. Development of the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). Int J Telerehabil. 2016 Jul 1;8(1):3-10. doi: 10.5195/ijt.2016.6196. eCollection 2016 Spring.</citation>
      <PMID>27563386</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Belone L, Lucero JE, Duran B, Tafoya G, Baker EA, Chan D, Chang C, Greene-Moton E, Kelley MA, Wallerstein N. Community-Based Participatory Research Conceptual Model: Community Partner Consultation and Face Validity. Qual Health Res. 2016 Jan;26(1):117-35. doi: 10.1177/1049732314557084. Epub 2014 Oct 31.</citation>
      <PMID>25361792</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Rimawi A, Shah A, Louis H, Scales D, Kheiran JA, Jawabreh N, Yunez S, Horino M, Seita A, Wispelwey B. Community Health Worker Program Outcomes for Diabetes and Hypertension Control in West Bank Refugee Camps: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2022 Oct 31;10(5):e2200168. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00168. Print 2022 Oct 31.</citation>
      <PMID>36316145</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Vaughan EM, Johnson E, Naik AD, Amspoker AB, Balasubramanyam A, Virani SS, Ballantyne CM, Johnston CA, Foreyt JP. Long-Term Effectiveness of the TIME Intervention to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Low-Income Settings: a 2-Year Follow-Up. J Gen Intern Med. 2022 Sep;37(12):3062-3069. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-07363-7. Epub 2022 Feb 7.</citation>
      <PMID>35132555</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Vaughan EM, Naik AD, Amspoker AB, Johnston CA, Landrum JD, Balasubramanyam A, Virani SS, Ballantyne CM, Foreyt JP. Mentored implementation to initiate a diabetes program in an underserved community: a pilot study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2021 Aug;9(1):e002320. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002320.</citation>
      <PMID>34385148</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>July 20, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>July 20, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 28, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 25, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 25, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 29, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
    </responsible_party>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05965869
  org study id: 23-0169
  secondary id: 23-0169
  nct id: NCT05965869
  lead sponsor: 
  collaborator: 
  collaborator: 
  has dmc: Yes
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  Latino(a)s suffer from poor social determinants of health (SODH) conditions more than
        non-minority populations, and being a minority is risk factor alone for diabetes. In the
        proposed study, investigators will assist church members in becoming Community Health Workers
        (CHWs), train them in diabetes, and use an online platform (Salesforce) to track the ability
        to address healthcare access and quality barriers.
  Social determinants of health (SODH) are environmental variables that determine
        quality-of-life outcomes and risks that are delineated into five domains. Inequities in SODH
        are directly associated with diabetes. Latino(a)s suffer from poor SODH conditions more than
        non-minority populations, and being a minority is risk factor alone for diabetes. To quantify
        progress in SODH, Healthy People 2030 has provided specific objectives to measure each domain
        (economic stability, education access and quality, healthcare access and quality,
        neighborhood and build environment, and social and community context); this application
        focuses on the healthcare access and quality domain. While there are numerous screening
        mechanisms to identify SODH conditions, there is a critical need to implement interventions
        that are translatable into real-world practices.
  
        A successful intervention requires several components. For the community, sites are needed
        that can bring individuals together, making collaboration with faith-based establishments of
        particular interest. Religious institutions provide an infrastructure that will persist
        beyond funding periods and a framework for the community to share a responsibility of health
        promotion.1 Churches also provide an accessible and familiar setting to provide health
        outreach programs but often lack trained personnel to conduct initiatives. In addition,
        training leaders within these settings who can reach the community is essential. Community
        Health Workers (CHWs) are trusted leaders within their community.2 Training church members to
        become CHWs potentially establishes a site familiar to the surrounding communities led by
        trusted individuals who understand the population at hand. Finally, secure avenues to collect
        and transmit data are needed. Utilizing secure HIPAA-approved technology reduces risks of
        loss of confidentiality while allowing collection of valuable information that may not have
        been collected otherwise. Since COVID-19, investigators have increased the use of online
        platforms, but these modalities must be translatable to personnel with potentially little to
        no technological experience.
  
        To address gaps in SDOH, the investigators propose a 6-month church-based intervention for
        Latino(a)s with and at risk for diabetes (n=100). We will assist church members in becoming
        CHWs, train them in diabetes, and use an online platform (Salesforce) to track the ability to
        address healthcare access and quality barriers. The research team will provide telementoring
        to local community teams (church leadership and CHWs) to initiate the intervention. We will
        test the feasibility of the program using three pre-established areas of focus:
        acceptability, integration, limited efficacy testing.
  allocation: N/A
  intervention model: Single Group Assignment
  primary purpose: Other
  masking: None (Open Label)
  measure: Evaluate the integration of the intervention
  time frame: 6-months
  description: CHW ability to use software as measured by the number of anticipated vs. actual documents uploaded at 6-months
  measure: Test the limited efficacy of the intervention
  time frame: 6-months
  description: Participant knowledge as measured by the % correct on a pretest vs. posttest, CHW ability to use Salesforce to track and address unmet Healthy People 2030 healthcare access objectives, CHW ability to use Salesforce to track and address newly identified healthcare access barriers. The latter two will be measured by a continuous outcome, from 0 to x. We will also measure if there were missed opportunities and the percentage identified vs. percentage of those missed.
  measure: Provide acceptability data of the intervention
  time frame: 6-months
  description: Site, CHW, and participant survey data at 6-months as measured on a Likert scale, e.g., Likert scale from 1 to 5 where 1 is unsatisfied and 5 is very satisfied.
  Participant participation trends in the intervention
  arm group label: Diabetes program and education
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: Receive diabetes program and education
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: diabetes program
  description: CHWs will contact participants weekly via phone or text, send bimonthly diabetes education videos, and provide optional monthly seminars.
  arm group label: Diabetes program and education
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: N/A
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  last name: Elizabeth Vaughan, DO
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
  last name: Elizabeth Vaughan, DO
  phone: 1-409-772-4182
  email: emvaugha@utmb.edu
  facility: 
  status: Recruiting
  contact: 
  country: United States
  citation: Wyatt LC, Katigbak C, Riley L, Zanowiak JM, Ursua R, Kwon SC, Trinh-Shevrin C, Islam NS. Promoting Physical Activity Among Immigrant Asian Americans: Results from Four Community Health Worker Studies. J Immigr Minor Health. 2023 Apr;25(2):291-305. doi: 10.1007/s10903-022-01411-y. Epub 2022 Oct 23.
  PMID: 36273386
  citation: Hessler D, Fisher L, Dickinson M, Dickinson P, Parra J, Potter MB. The impact of enhancing self-management support for diabetes in Community Health Centers through patient engagement and relationship building: a primary care pragmatic cluster-randomized trial. Transl Behav Med. 2022 Oct 7;12(9):909-918. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibac046.
  PMID: 36205473
  citation: Levy NK, Park A, Solis D, Hu L, Langford AT, Wang B, Rogers ES. Social Determinants of Health and Diabetes-Related Distress in Patients With Insulin-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes: Cross-sectional, Mixed Methods Approach. JMIR Form Res. 2022 Oct 12;6(10):e40164. doi: 10.2196/40164.
  PMID: 36222807
  citation: Wagner J, Bermudez-Millan A, Buckley T, Buxton OM, Feinn R, Kong S, Kuoch T, Nye LM, Scully M. Self-reported outcomes of a randomized trial comparing three community health worker interventions for diabetes prevention among Cambodian Americans with depression. Patient Educ Couns. 2022 Dec;105(12):3501-3508. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.09.011. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
  PMID: 36307274
  citation: Deverts DJ, Heisler M, Kieffer EC, Piatt GA, Valbuena F, Yabes JG, Guajardo C, Ilarraza-Montalvo D, Palmisano G, Koerbel G, Rosland AM. Comparing the effectiveness of Family Support for Health Action (FAM-ACT) with traditional community health worker-led interventions to improve adult diabetes management and outcomes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2022 Oct 3;23(1):841. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06764-1.
  PMID: 36192769
  citation: Attkisson CC, Zwick R. The client satisfaction questionnaire. Psychometric properties and correlations with service utilization and psychotherapy outcome. Eval Program Plann. 1982;5(3):233-7. doi: 10.1016/0149-7189(82)90074-x.
  PMID: 10259963
  citation: Keegan CN, Johnston CA, Cardenas VJ Jr, Vaughan EM. Evaluating the Impact of Telehealth-Based, Diabetes Medication Training for Community Health Workers on Glycemic Control. J Pers Med. 2020 Sep 11;10(3):121. doi: 10.3390/jpm10030121.
  PMID: 32932865
  citation: Garcia AA, Villagomez ET, Brown SA, Kouzekanani K, Hanis CL. The Starr County Diabetes Education Study: development of the Spanish-language diabetes knowledge questionnaire. Diabetes Care. 2001 Jan;24(1):16-21. doi: 10.2337/diacare.24.1.16. Erratum In: Diabetes Care 2001 May;24(5):972.
  PMID: 11194219
  citation: Dumville JC, Torgerson DJ, Hewitt CE. Reporting attrition in randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2006 Apr 22;332(7547):969-71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7547.969.
  PMID: 16627519
  citation: Parmanto B, Lewis AN Jr, Graham KM, Bertolet MH. Development of the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ). Int J Telerehabil. 2016 Jul 1;8(1):3-10. doi: 10.5195/ijt.2016.6196. eCollection 2016 Spring.
  PMID: 27563386
  citation: Belone L, Lucero JE, Duran B, Tafoya G, Baker EA, Chan D, Chang C, Greene-Moton E, Kelley MA, Wallerstein N. Community-Based Participatory Research Conceptual Model: Community Partner Consultation and Face Validity. Qual Health Res. 2016 Jan;26(1):117-35. doi: 10.1177/1049732314557084. Epub 2014 Oct 31.
  PMID: 25361792
  citation: Rimawi A, Shah A, Louis H, Scales D, Kheiran JA, Jawabreh N, Yunez S, Horino M, Seita A, Wispelwey B. Community Health Worker Program Outcomes for Diabetes and Hypertension Control in West Bank Refugee Camps: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2022 Oct 31;10(5):e2200168. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00168. Print 2022 Oct 31.
  PMID: 36316145
  citation: Vaughan EM, Johnson E, Naik AD, Amspoker AB, Balasubramanyam A, Virani SS, Ballantyne CM, Johnston CA, Foreyt JP. Long-Term Effectiveness of the TIME Intervention to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Low-Income Settings: a 2-Year Follow-Up. J Gen Intern Med. 2022 Sep;37(12):3062-3069. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-07363-7. Epub 2022 Feb 7.
  PMID: 35132555
  citation: Vaughan EM, Naik AD, Amspoker AB, Johnston CA, Landrum JD, Balasubramanyam A, Virani SS, Ballantyne CM, Foreyt JP. Mentored implementation to initiate a diabetes program in an underserved community: a pilot study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2021 Aug;9(1):e002320. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002320.
  PMID: 34385148
  responsible party type: Sponsor
  mesh term: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
  sharing ipd: No