xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06009224</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>2022-1204</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06009224</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>The Effect of ERAS on Pancreaticoduodenectomy (v2.0)</brief_title>
    <official_title>The Effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) on Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Patients With Hepatobiliary-Pancreas (HBP) Disease</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Asan Medical Center</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Asan Medical Center</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is not a program that aims to reduce postoperative&#xD;
        hospital stay, but the multimodal strategies that aim to attenuate the loss of, and improve&#xD;
        the restoration of, functional capacity after surgery on evidence-based medicine. The&#xD;
        benefits of ERAS are proven in many surgical procedures, such as upper gastrointestinal&#xD;
        surgery and colorectal surgery.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Investigators performed Randomized Controlled Trials to evaluate the non-inferiority of&#xD;
        modified ERAS protocol for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) by introducing standardized pre- and&#xD;
        post-operative treatment based on ERAS treatment guidelines (ERAS on PD, Research Institute&#xD;
        Clinical Progress, 2014-0961; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02372331). As a result of the study, the&#xD;
        ERAS protocol proved to be non-inferior to the existing pre- and post-operative treatment in&#xD;
        terms of surgical complications, mortality, hospital stay, total hospital cost, and most&#xD;
        nutritional indicators.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        However, the previous study did not include a few important intraoperative items such as&#xD;
        epidural analgesia and fluid balance among the main items of the ERAS protocol. This trial&#xD;
        aims to evaluate the clinical results by applying the complete ERAS protocol.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        This study was a single-institution, randomized controlled clinical trial to test the&#xD;
        superiority of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol for patients with&#xD;
        pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).&#xD;
  &#xD;
        This study will be conducted on adult patients who are planning to undergo&#xD;
        pancreaticoduodenectomy for the treatment of periampullary disease for 12 months after the&#xD;
        start of the study.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Based on the results of the previous study which choose the functional recovery date as a&#xD;
        primary outcome (control group; 9.0 ± 4.3 days, intervention group; 7.6 ± 4.3 days), a total&#xD;
        of 334 patients (167 patients in each group) will be enrolled when calculated with power 0.8,&#xD;
        α = 0.05, a two-tailed test, and a 10% withdrawal rate.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Investigators plan to randomize patients covered by the existing ERAS program to the control&#xD;
        group and patients covered by the full ERAS protocol to the experimental group.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Investigators plan to observe the clinical outcomes up to 3 months after surgery.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The primary outcome is the functional recovery date, and secondary outcomes are the&#xD;
        postoperative complication rate, postoperative mortality, and readmission rate.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        All subjects who were randomized and received any study intervention were obliged to follow&#xD;
        the study protocol and monitored for best compliance, per-protocol set or safety set was not&#xD;
        defined differently.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">September 1, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 31, 2025</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">June 30, 2025</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>Two study groups (Control (conventional) group and study (intervention) group) were randomly allocated and assigned to one of two groups in parallel for the whole duration of this study.</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
      <masking_description>The evaluation and judgment for morbidity (primary endpoint) / mortality (secondary endpoint) was made by Morbidity and Mortality Committee in our division. Committee members were blinded about knowledge of the interventions assigned to individual participants.</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Functional recovery date on postopreative 7th day</measure>
      <time_frame>The investigators evaluate the five items to the participant starting on the 7th day after surgery. A date that satisfies all five items is defined as functional recovery date.</time_frame>
      <description>Pain control is possible only with oral or patch-type analgesics without intravenous analgesic administration&#xD;
  Able to walk freely&#xD;
  Free eating is possible&#xD;
  There should be no evidence of infection related to surgery&#xD;
  No intravenous nutritional injection (total parenteral nutrition) being administered</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Postoperative complication</measure>
      <time_frame>Three months after surgery</time_frame>
      <description>All complications after surgery are included. Especially, delayed gastric emptying, postpancreatectomy hemorrhage, postoperative pancreatic fistula and chyle leak will be classified by the criteria of International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery.&#xD;
  The severity of all complication will be divided depends on Clavien Dindo classification (Grade from I to V, higher scores mean a better outcome).</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Postoperative mortality</measure>
      <time_frame>90 days after surgery</time_frame>
      <description>All in-hospital mortality and 90 days mortality</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Re-admission rate</measure>
      <time_frame>3 months after surgery</time_frame>
      <description>For any reason, all readmitted patients are included.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">334</enrollment>
    <condition>Periampullary Cancer</condition>
    <condition>Borderline Malignancy Tumor</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Conventional</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
      <description>Conventional ERAS program</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Experimental</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>complete ERAS program (Conventional ERAS program + Epidural analgesia + Fluid balance)</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>ERAS perioperative management</intervention_name>
      <description>Epidural analgesia&#xD;
  Fluid balance&#xD;
  Other items are the same as conventional</description>
      <arm_group_label>Experimental</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>Fast tract</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Age: 18 to 80 years old&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Performance: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Resectable or borderline resectable malignant tumor or borderline malignant tumor on&#xD;
               the periampullary area&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  No distant metastases&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Bone marrow function: White Blood Cell (WBC) at least 3,000/mm3 or Absolute Neutrophil&#xD;
               Count (ANC) ≥ 1,500/mm3, Platelet count at least 125,000/mm3&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Liver function: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) / alanine aminotransferase (ALT) less&#xD;
               than 3 times the upper limit of normal&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Renal function: Creatinine no greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients who consented and signed informed consent&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with distant metastases or patients with recurrent periampullary carcinoma&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with active or uncontrolled infection&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with severe psychiatric/neurological disorders&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  People who are addicted to alcohol or other drugs&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients included in other clinical studies that may affect this study&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients unable to follow the researcher's instructions&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Pregnancy&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with uncontrolled heart disease&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with moderate or more comorbidities that are judged to have an impact on&#xD;
               quality of life or nutritional status (liver cirrhosis, chronic renal failure, heart&#xD;
               failure, etc.)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients who underwent major abdominal organ surgery other than scheduled&#xD;
               pancreaticoduodenectomy.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients who require combined resection of other major abdominal organs in addition to&#xD;
               scheduled pancreaticoduodenectomy&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  History of allergy to local anesthetics&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Local infection at the treatment site&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with neurological or mental health conditions&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  A history of spinal surgery or compression fractures at abdominal level&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with coagulopathy (Platelet &lt; 125,000/mm3 or International Normalized Ratio&#xD;
               (INR) ≥ 1.5) or who continue to take anticoagulants or antithrombotic drugs without&#xD;
               stopping&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Others who are not suitable for research in the judgment of the clinician&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>80 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Dae Wook Hwang, M.D., PhD</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Asan Medical Center</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Dae Wook Hwang, M.D., PhD</last_name>
      <phone>82230103939</phone>
      <email>drdwhwang@gmail.com</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <overall_contact_backup>
      <last_name>Min Kyu Sung, M.D.</last_name>
      <phone>82230100541</phone>
      <email>skystar8608@naver.com</email>
    </overall_contact_backup>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine</name>
        <address>
          <city>Seoul</city>
          <zip>05505</zip>
          <country>Korea, Republic of</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Korea, Republic of</country>
    </location_countries>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Hwang DW, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Song KB, Kim MH, Lee SK, Choi KT, Jun IG, Bang JY, Kim SC. Effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program on pancreaticoduodenectomy: a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2019 Aug;26(8):360-369. doi: 10.1002/jhbp.641. Epub 2019 Jul 2.</citation>
      <PMID>31152686</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Melloul E, Lassen K, Roulin D, Grass F, Perinel J, Adham M, Wellge EB, Kunzler F, Besselink MG, Asbun H, Scott MJ, Dejong CHC, Vrochides D, Aloia T, Izbicki JR, Demartines N. Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Pancreatoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Recommendations 2019. World J Surg. 2020 Jul;44(7):2056-2084. doi: 10.1007/s00268-020-05462-w.</citation>
      <PMID>32161987</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, Cox BP, Fearon KC, Feldman LS, Gan TJ, Kennedy RH, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN, Miller T, Radtke FF, Ruiz Garces T, Schricker T, Scott MJ, Thacker JK, Ytrebo LM, Carli F. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016 Mar;60(3):289-334. doi: 10.1111/aas.12651. Epub 2015 Oct 30.</citation>
      <PMID>26514824</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Kuemmerli C, Tschuor C, Kasai M, Alseidi AA, Balzano G, Bouwense S, Braga M, Coolsen M, Daniel SK, Dervenis C, Falconi M, Hwang DW, Kagedan DJ, Kim SC, Lavu H, Liang T, Nussbaum D, Partelli S, Passeri MJ, Pecorelli N, Pillai SA, Pillarisetty VG, Pucci MJ, Su W, Sutcliffe RP, Tingstedt B, van der Kolk M, Vrochides D, Wei A, Williamsson C, Yeo CJ, Zani S, Zouros E, Abu Hilal M. Impact of enhanced recovery protocols after pancreatoduodenectomy: meta-analysis. Br J Surg. 2022 Feb 24;109(3):256-266. doi: 10.1093/bjs/znab436.</citation>
      <PMID>35037019</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Lee JH, Kim DH, Koh WU. Real-time ultrasound guided thoracic epidural catheterization: a technical review. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul). 2021 Oct;16(4):322-328. doi: 10.17085/apm.21060. Epub 2021 Oct 29.</citation>
      <PMID>34289297</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Kim HE, Kim YH, Song KB, Chung YS, Hwang S, Lee YJ, Park KM, Kim SC. Impact of critical pathway implementation on hospital stay and costs in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2014 Feb;18(1):14-20. doi: 10.14701/kjhbps.2014.18.1.14. Epub 2014 Feb 24.</citation>
      <PMID>26155241</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>November 16, 2022</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 22, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 24, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 22, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 22, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 24, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Asan Medical Center</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Dae Wook Hwang</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Associate professor</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Enhanced Recovery After Surgery</keyword>
    <keyword>Pancreaticoduodenectomy</keyword>
    <keyword>Periampullary cancer</keyword>
    <keyword>Fast track surgery</keyword>
    <keyword>Postoperative complication</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Neoplasms</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
      <ipd_description>It can be determined in accordance with the Personal Information Protection Act of KOREA and institutional data sharing regulations.</ipd_description>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06009224
  org study id: 2022-1204
  nct id: NCT06009224
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is not a program that aims to reduce postoperative
        hospital stay, but the multimodal strategies that aim to attenuate the loss of, and improve
        the restoration of, functional capacity after surgery on evidence-based medicine. The
        benefits of ERAS are proven in many surgical procedures, such as upper gastrointestinal
        surgery and colorectal surgery.
  
        Investigators performed Randomized Controlled Trials to evaluate the non-inferiority of
        modified ERAS protocol for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) by introducing standardized pre- and
        post-operative treatment based on ERAS treatment guidelines (ERAS on PD, Research Institute
        Clinical Progress, 2014-0961; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02372331). As a result of the study, the
        ERAS protocol proved to be non-inferior to the existing pre- and post-operative treatment in
        terms of surgical complications, mortality, hospital stay, total hospital cost, and most
        nutritional indicators.
  
        However, the previous study did not include a few important intraoperative items such as
        epidural analgesia and fluid balance among the main items of the ERAS protocol. This trial
        aims to evaluate the clinical results by applying the complete ERAS protocol.
  This study was a single-institution, randomized controlled clinical trial to test the
        superiority of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol for patients with
        pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).
  
        This study will be conducted on adult patients who are planning to undergo
        pancreaticoduodenectomy for the treatment of periampullary disease for 12 months after the
        start of the study.
  
        Based on the results of the previous study which choose the functional recovery date as a
        primary outcome (control group; 9.0 ± 4.3 days, intervention group; 7.6 ± 4.3 days), a total
        of 334 patients (167 patients in each group) will be enrolled when calculated with power 0.8,
        α = 0.05, a two-tailed test, and a 10% withdrawal rate.
  
        Investigators plan to randomize patients covered by the existing ERAS program to the control
        group and patients covered by the full ERAS protocol to the experimental group.
  
        Investigators plan to observe the clinical outcomes up to 3 months after surgery.
  
        The primary outcome is the functional recovery date, and secondary outcomes are the
        postoperative complication rate, postoperative mortality, and readmission rate.
  
        All subjects who were randomized and received any study intervention were obliged to follow
        the study protocol and monitored for best compliance, per-protocol set or safety set was not
        defined differently.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  intervention model description: Two study groups (Control (conventional) group and study (intervention) group) were randomly allocated and assigned to one of two groups in parallel for the whole duration of this study.
  primary purpose: Treatment
  masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
  masking description: The evaluation and judgment for morbidity (primary endpoint) / mortality (secondary endpoint) was made by Morbidity and Mortality Committee in our division. Committee members were blinded about knowledge of the interventions assigned to individual participants.
  measure: Functional recovery date on postopreative 7th day
  time frame: The investigators evaluate the five items to the participant starting on the 7th day after surgery. A date that satisfies all five items is defined as functional recovery date.
  description: Pain control is possible only with oral or patch-type analgesics without intravenous analgesic administration
  Able to walk freely
  Free eating is possible
  There should be no evidence of infection related to surgery
  No intravenous nutritional injection (total parenteral nutrition) being administered
  measure: Postoperative complication
  time frame: Three months after surgery
  description: All complications after surgery are included. Especially, delayed gastric emptying, postpancreatectomy hemorrhage, postoperative pancreatic fistula and chyle leak will be classified by the criteria of International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery.
  The severity of all complication will be divided depends on Clavien Dindo classification (Grade from I to V, higher scores mean a better outcome).
  measure: Postoperative mortality
  time frame: 90 days after surgery
  description: All in-hospital mortality and 90 days mortality
  measure: Re-admission rate
  time frame: 3 months after surgery
  description: For any reason, all readmitted patients are included.
  arm group label: Conventional
  arm group type: No Intervention
  description: Conventional ERAS program
  arm group label: Experimental
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: complete ERAS program (Conventional ERAS program + Epidural analgesia + Fluid balance)
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: ERAS perioperative management
  description: Epidural analgesia
  Fluid balance
  Other items are the same as conventional
  arm group label: Experimental
  other name: Fast tract
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 80 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Dae Wook Hwang, M.D., PhD
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Asan Medical Center
  last name: Dae Wook Hwang, M.D., PhD
  phone: 82230103939
  email: drdwhwang@gmail.com
  last name: Min Kyu Sung, M.D.
  phone: 82230100541
  email: skystar8608@naver.com
  facility: 
  country: Korea, Republic of
  citation: Hwang DW, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Song KB, Kim MH, Lee SK, Choi KT, Jun IG, Bang JY, Kim SC. Effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program on pancreaticoduodenectomy: a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2019 Aug;26(8):360-369. doi: 10.1002/jhbp.641. Epub 2019 Jul 2.
  PMID: 31152686
  citation: Melloul E, Lassen K, Roulin D, Grass F, Perinel J, Adham M, Wellge EB, Kunzler F, Besselink MG, Asbun H, Scott MJ, Dejong CHC, Vrochides D, Aloia T, Izbicki JR, Demartines N. Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Pancreatoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Recommendations 2019. World J Surg. 2020 Jul;44(7):2056-2084. doi: 10.1007/s00268-020-05462-w.
  PMID: 32161987
  citation: Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, Cox BP, Fearon KC, Feldman LS, Gan TJ, Kennedy RH, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN, Miller T, Radtke FF, Ruiz Garces T, Schricker T, Scott MJ, Thacker JK, Ytrebo LM, Carli F. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016 Mar;60(3):289-334. doi: 10.1111/aas.12651. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
  PMID: 26514824
  citation: Kuemmerli C, Tschuor C, Kasai M, Alseidi AA, Balzano G, Bouwense S, Braga M, Coolsen M, Daniel SK, Dervenis C, Falconi M, Hwang DW, Kagedan DJ, Kim SC, Lavu H, Liang T, Nussbaum D, Partelli S, Passeri MJ, Pecorelli N, Pillai SA, Pillarisetty VG, Pucci MJ, Su W, Sutcliffe RP, Tingstedt B, van der Kolk M, Vrochides D, Wei A, Williamsson C, Yeo CJ, Zani S, Zouros E, Abu Hilal M. Impact of enhanced recovery protocols after pancreatoduodenectomy: meta-analysis. Br J Surg. 2022 Feb 24;109(3):256-266. doi: 10.1093/bjs/znab436.
  PMID: 35037019
  citation: Lee JH, Kim DH, Koh WU. Real-time ultrasound guided thoracic epidural catheterization: a technical review. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul). 2021 Oct;16(4):322-328. doi: 10.17085/apm.21060. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
  PMID: 34289297
  citation: Kim HE, Kim YH, Song KB, Chung YS, Hwang S, Lee YJ, Park KM, Kim SC. Impact of critical pathway implementation on hospital stay and costs in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2014 Feb;18(1):14-20. doi: 10.14701/kjhbps.2014.18.1.14. Epub 2014 Feb 24.
  PMID: 26155241
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Asan Medical Center
  investigator full name: Dae Wook Hwang
  investigator title: Associate professor
  mesh term: Neoplasms
  sharing ipd: Undecided
  ipd description: It can be determined in accordance with the Personal Information Protection Act of KOREA and institutional data sharing regulations.