xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05968339</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>Mentor-Anesth</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT05968339</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Survey Evaluating Elements in Choosing Mentors/ Mentees in Anesthesia</brief_title>
    <official_title>Survey Evaluating Elements in Choosing Mentors/ Mentees in Anesthesia</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Université Libre de Bruxelles</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
      <collaborator>
        <agency>AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </collaborator>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Université Libre de Bruxelles</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Mentorship is increasingly recognised as a core component of career advancement, medical&#xD;
        education and psychosocial support.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Mentorship is defined as the relationship between a mentor and a mentee, where both&#xD;
        collegially gain from an open and active relationship&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Overall, there is little known about mentorship in anaesthesia.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        To our knowledge, no study has yet explored the fostering of an anaesthetic mentor-mentee&#xD;
        relationship from the point of view of the mentor and mentee themselves. Preferences with&#xD;
        regards to implementation programs versus free choice and the importance of sociodemographic&#xD;
        characteristics (gender, ethnicity, sexuality, disability, age) have also yet to be&#xD;
        investigated.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The prevalence of mentor-mentee relationships/ the understanding of mentor and mentee choice&#xD;
        in anaesthesia will be studied.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        In parallel, key socio-demographics that are linked to the choice of mentor-mentee, as well&#xD;
        as evaluate availability of mentors, and other barriers to finding mentorship will also be&#xD;
        investigated.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Hypothesis: mentorship might be affected by demographics such as gender, age, ethnicity,&#xD;
        working country, experience, academia and subspecialty.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Mentorship is increasingly recognised as a core component of career advancement, medical&#xD;
        education and psychosocial support.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Mentorship is defined as the relationship between a mentor and a mentee, where both&#xD;
        collegially gain from an open and active relationship.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        A mentor can be seen as a role model, a supervisor, an advisor, and a career coach.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        A mentee is counselled, trained, or advised by a mentor and can be assimilated to a protégé.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        A mentee has the potential to gain multiple advantages from their mentorship such as&#xD;
        protection, sponsorship, exposure, promotion and transmission of professional ethics.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Moreover, psychosocial support in the form of identity fostering, sense of competence and&#xD;
        role effectiveness might protect the mentee from burdens such as burnout. As a mentee's needs&#xD;
        often change over the course of their career, it is therefore possible to have multiple&#xD;
        mentors at different stages.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        When engaging in an mentoring relationship, free choice has been shown to be more effective&#xD;
        than automatic assignment. Unfortunately, free choice can enhance inequities in mentorship as&#xD;
        various groups lack representation, social connections and experience a lack of opportunities&#xD;
        to find the right mentor. Gender inequities in finding mentorship have been reported and may&#xD;
        affect job satisfaction and career advancement.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        When establishing mentorship, it is important to foster trust. Even though free choice has&#xD;
        been reported as essential, some mentoring programs (endorsed by societies such as ESAIC /&#xD;
        ASA) have been successfully implemented within anaesthesia(6). Sub-societies, such as ASRA,&#xD;
        have established well-defined mentor/mentee programs (ASRA Pain Medicine Mentor Match&#xD;
        program) where mentor/ mentee match is based on common interests.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        However, there is overall little known about mentorship in anaesthesia.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        A survey of mentorship in Canadian anaesthesiology residents reported multiple barriers to&#xD;
        successful mentorship: time constraint, personal or professional incompatibility (in&#xD;
        mentorship programs) and lack of resident choice in mentor selection(3).&#xD;
  &#xD;
        A qualitative study of perceptions of mentorship by both faculty and residents identified the&#xD;
        following:&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  Evolution of the mentor-mentee relationship during residency from a primary focus on&#xD;
             psychosocial aspect to a need of career facilitation in the end.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  Importance of congruence/ representation of gender, culture and ethnicity.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        An anaesthesia specific survey has already investigated the practices of mentorship and&#xD;
        career development during residency in the USA from the point of view of program directors.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        To our knowledge, no study has yet explored the fostering of an anaesthetic mentor-mentee&#xD;
        relationship from the point of view of the mentor and mentee themselves. Preferences with&#xD;
        regards to implementation programs versus free choice and the importance of sociodemographic&#xD;
        characteristics (gender, ethnicity, sexuality, disability, age) have also yet to be&#xD;
        investigated.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The prevalence of mentor-mentee relationships/ the understanding of mentor and mentee choice&#xD;
        in anaesthesia will be studied.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        In parallel, key socio-demographics that are linked to the choice of mentor-mentee, as well&#xD;
        as evaluate availability of mentors, and other barriers to finding mentorship will also be&#xD;
        investigated.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Hypothesis: mentorship might be affected by demographics such as gender, age, ethnicity,&#xD;
        working country, experience, academia and subspecialty.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">September 15, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">September 15, 2023</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">September 15, 2023</primary_completion_date>
    <study_type>Observational</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <observational_model>Cohort</observational_model>
      <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Survey-1</measure>
      <time_frame>12 months</time_frame>
      <description>The first part of the survey consists of sociodemographic data.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Survey-2</measure>
      <time_frame>12 months</time_frame>
      <description>The second part evaluates preferences choosing a mentor/ a mentee, as well as facilitators and barriers to mentorship relationships.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">1000</enrollment>
    <condition>Anesthesia</condition>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Survey</intervention_name>
      <description>The survey will be distributed via scientific anesthesiology societies and will be open for a total of 12 consecutive months.&#xD;
  Participation in the survey will be voluntary and anonymous - individual consent will be implied by willingness to complete the survey.&#xD;
  The survey will be conducted via SurveyMonkey. SurveyMonkey allows &quot;Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act&quot; (HIPAA)(12) compliant surveys to be created. These follow strict rules around the protection of health information. Of note, SurveyMonkey is also GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) compliant.&#xD;
  Data gathered from the questionnaires will be safely stored. Access to the database will be password protected and only the authors will have access for the purpose of data analysis at the end of the survey period. Analysis using chi squared tests and logistic regressions will be performed by trained statisticians.</description>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <study_pop>
        <textblock>
          The survey will be distributed via anesthesiology societies (ESAIC: European Society of&#xD;
          Anaesthesiology and Critical Care and ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists).&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </study_pop>
      <sampling_method>Probability Sample</sampling_method>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Anesthesiologists who are members of ESAIC/ASA&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Sarah Saxena, MD; PHD</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Université Libre de Bruxelles</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Sarah Saxena, MD; PHD</last_name>
      <phone>+3250452111</phone>
      <email>sarah.saxena@ulb.ac.be</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <verification_date>July 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>July 20, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>July 20, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 1, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>July 31, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>July 31, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 2, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Université Libre de Bruxelles</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Sarah Saxena</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Staff</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05968339
  org study id: Mentor-Anesth
  nct id: NCT05968339
  lead sponsor: 
  collaborator: 
  has dmc: Yes
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  Mentorship is increasingly recognised as a core component of career advancement, medical
        education and psychosocial support.
  
        Mentorship is defined as the relationship between a mentor and a mentee, where both
        collegially gain from an open and active relationship
  
        Overall, there is little known about mentorship in anaesthesia.
  
        To our knowledge, no study has yet explored the fostering of an anaesthetic mentor-mentee
        relationship from the point of view of the mentor and mentee themselves. Preferences with
        regards to implementation programs versus free choice and the importance of sociodemographic
        characteristics (gender, ethnicity, sexuality, disability, age) have also yet to be
        investigated.
  
        The prevalence of mentor-mentee relationships/ the understanding of mentor and mentee choice
        in anaesthesia will be studied.
  
        In parallel, key socio-demographics that are linked to the choice of mentor-mentee, as well
        as evaluate availability of mentors, and other barriers to finding mentorship will also be
        investigated.
  
        Hypothesis: mentorship might be affected by demographics such as gender, age, ethnicity,
        working country, experience, academia and subspecialty.
  Mentorship is increasingly recognised as a core component of career advancement, medical
        education and psychosocial support.
  
        Mentorship is defined as the relationship between a mentor and a mentee, where both
        collegially gain from an open and active relationship.
  
        A mentor can be seen as a role model, a supervisor, an advisor, and a career coach.
  
        A mentee is counselled, trained, or advised by a mentor and can be assimilated to a protégé.
  
        A mentee has the potential to gain multiple advantages from their mentorship such as
        protection, sponsorship, exposure, promotion and transmission of professional ethics.
  
        Moreover, psychosocial support in the form of identity fostering, sense of competence and
        role effectiveness might protect the mentee from burdens such as burnout. As a mentee's needs
        often change over the course of their career, it is therefore possible to have multiple
        mentors at different stages.
  
        When engaging in an mentoring relationship, free choice has been shown to be more effective
        than automatic assignment. Unfortunately, free choice can enhance inequities in mentorship as
        various groups lack representation, social connections and experience a lack of opportunities
        to find the right mentor. Gender inequities in finding mentorship have been reported and may
        affect job satisfaction and career advancement.
  
        When establishing mentorship, it is important to foster trust. Even though free choice has
        been reported as essential, some mentoring programs (endorsed by societies such as ESAIC /
        ASA) have been successfully implemented within anaesthesia(6). Sub-societies, such as ASRA,
        have established well-defined mentor/mentee programs (ASRA Pain Medicine Mentor Match
        program) where mentor/ mentee match is based on common interests.
  
        However, there is overall little known about mentorship in anaesthesia.
  
        A survey of mentorship in Canadian anaesthesiology residents reported multiple barriers to
        successful mentorship: time constraint, personal or professional incompatibility (in
        mentorship programs) and lack of resident choice in mentor selection(3).
  
        A qualitative study of perceptions of mentorship by both faculty and residents identified the
        following:
  
          -  Evolution of the mentor-mentee relationship during residency from a primary focus on
             psychosocial aspect to a need of career facilitation in the end.
  
          -  Importance of congruence/ representation of gender, culture and ethnicity.
  
        An anaesthesia specific survey has already investigated the practices of mentorship and
        career development during residency in the USA from the point of view of program directors.
  
        To our knowledge, no study has yet explored the fostering of an anaesthetic mentor-mentee
        relationship from the point of view of the mentor and mentee themselves. Preferences with
        regards to implementation programs versus free choice and the importance of sociodemographic
        characteristics (gender, ethnicity, sexuality, disability, age) have also yet to be
        investigated.
  
        The prevalence of mentor-mentee relationships/ the understanding of mentor and mentee choice
        in anaesthesia will be studied.
  
        In parallel, key socio-demographics that are linked to the choice of mentor-mentee, as well
        as evaluate availability of mentors, and other barriers to finding mentorship will also be
        investigated.
  
        Hypothesis: mentorship might be affected by demographics such as gender, age, ethnicity,
        working country, experience, academia and subspecialty.
  observational model: Cohort
  time perspective: Prospective
  measure: Survey-1
  time frame: 12 months
  description: The first part of the survey consists of sociodemographic data.
  measure: Survey-2
  time frame: 12 months
  description: The second part evaluates preferences choosing a mentor/ a mentee, as well as facilitators and barriers to mentorship relationships.
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Survey
  description: The survey will be distributed via scientific anesthesiology societies and will be open for a total of 12 consecutive months.
  Participation in the survey will be voluntary and anonymous - individual consent will be implied by willingness to complete the survey.
  The survey will be conducted via SurveyMonkey. SurveyMonkey allows "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act" (HIPAA)(12) compliant surveys to be created. These follow strict rules around the protection of health information. Of note, SurveyMonkey is also GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) compliant.
  Data gathered from the questionnaires will be safely stored. Access to the database will be password protected and only the authors will have access for the purpose of data analysis at the end of the survey period. Analysis using chi squared tests and logistic regressions will be performed by trained statisticians.
  study pop: 
  sampling method: Probability Sample
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: N/A
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  last name: Sarah Saxena, MD; PHD
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Université Libre de Bruxelles
  last name: Sarah Saxena, MD; PHD
  phone: +3250452111
  email: sarah.saxena@ulb.ac.be
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Université Libre de Bruxelles
  investigator full name: Sarah Saxena
  investigator title: Staff
  sharing ipd: No