xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06001723</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>TCHIRB-11104010</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06001723</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>A Feasibility Study to Determine Whether the Botanical Garden Become a Region of Forest Therapy for Cancer Survivors</brief_title>
    <official_title>A Feasibility Study to Determine Whether the Botanical Garden Become a Region of Forest Therapy for Cancer Survivors</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Taipei City Hospital</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
      <collaborator>
        <agency>Taiwan Forestry Research Institute</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </collaborator>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Taipei City Hospital</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The forest healing system is an important topic of alternative therapy in recent years. To&#xD;
        investigates forest therapy's effectiveness in alleviating negative emotions among&#xD;
        post-cancer patients. It compares therapy outcomes at Taipei Botanical Garden and Fushan&#xD;
        Botanical Garden. Utilizing a pretest-posttest experimental design, a two-hour guided forest&#xD;
        healing activity serves as the intervention method. Data collection involves instrumental&#xD;
        tests and saliva samples.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Introduction:&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Cancer's global impact persists, ranking among the top three causes of death in Taiwan.&#xD;
        Despite improved survival rates after cancer surgery, negative emotions among patients remain&#xD;
        a challenge. Post-cancer depression adversely affects treatment outcomes and overall quality&#xD;
        of life. Forest therapy, a natural healing approach, has gained attention for its potential&#xD;
        to reduce stress, mitigate negative emotions, and enhance well-being.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Objectives:&#xD;
  &#xD;
        This study investigates forest therapy's effectiveness in alleviating negative emotions among&#xD;
        post-cancer patients. It compares therapy outcomes at Taipei Botanical Garden and Fushan&#xD;
        Botanical Garden. Additionally, the study explores the lasting emotional benefits of forest&#xD;
        therapy.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Methods:&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Utilizing a pretest-posttest experimental design, this study is conducted at the Botanical&#xD;
        Garden in Fushan, Taipei. Participants are cancer patients who are six months post-treatment.&#xD;
        A two-hour guided forest healing activity serves as the intervention method. Data collection&#xD;
        involves instrumental tests and saliva samples. A comparable location adjacent to Taipei&#xD;
        Botanical Garden, excluding urban areas, is selected for comparison activities. Portable&#xD;
        heart rhythm monitors track data, and saliva samples are analyzed for salivary α-amylase&#xD;
        enzyme kinetics and cortisol concentrations. The study employs questionnaires including the&#xD;
        Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult short (POMS2-A short), Beck Depression&#xD;
        Inventory-Second edition (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the abbreviated Taiwan&#xD;
        version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF).&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">August 4, 2022</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Actual">January 20, 2023</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Actual">January 20, 2023</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>N/A</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Sequential Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
      <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: POMS2-A short (Fushan botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult short at Fushan botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: POMS2-A short (Taipei botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult short at Taipei botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: POMS2-A short (urban region)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult short at urban region</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: BAI (Fushan botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of The Beck Anxiety Inventory at Fushan botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: BAI (Taipei botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of The Beck Anxiety Inventory at Taipei botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: BAI (urban region)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of The Beck Anxiety Inventory at urban region</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: BDI-II (Fushan botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of The Beck Depression Inventory II at Fushan botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: BDI-II (Taipei botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of baseline The Beck Depression Inventory II at Taipei botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: BDI-II (urban region)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of baseline The Beck Depression Inventory II at urban region</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: WHOQOL-BREF (Fushan botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (Taiwan version) at Fushan botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: WHOQOL-BREF (Taipei botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (Taiwan version) at Taipei botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>questionnaire: WHOQOL-BREF (urban region)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (Taiwan version) at urban region</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: alpha-amylase activity in salivary (Fushan botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of alpha-amylase activity in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at Fushan botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: alpha-amylase activity in salivary (Taipei botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of alpha-amylase activity in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at Taipei botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: alpha-amylase activity in salivary (urban region)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of alpha-amylase activity in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at urban region</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: cortisol concentration in salivary (Fushan botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of cortisol concentration in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at Fushan botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: cortisol concentration in salivary (Taipei botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of cortisol concentration in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at Taipei botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: cortisol concentration in salivary (urban region)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of cortisol concentration in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at urban region</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: HRV (Heart Rate Variability) (Fushan botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of HRV by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure heart rate, heart rate variability (related to activities of the autonomic nervous system ANS), irregular heartbeats (IRRHB), and 5-minute continuous pulse wave at Fushan botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: HRV (Heart Rate Variability) (Taipei botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of HRV by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure heart rate, heart rate variability (related to activities of the autonomic nervous system ANS), irregular heartbeats (IRRHB), and 5-minute continuous pulse wave at Taipei botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: HRV (Heart Rate Variability) (urban region)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of HRV by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure heart rate, heart rate variability (related to activities of the autonomic nervous system ANS), irregular heartbeats (IRRHB), and 5-minute continuous pulse wave at urban region</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) (Fushan botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of blood pressures by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) at Fushan botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) (Taipei botanical garden)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of blood pressures by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) at Taipei botanical garden</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>physiological indicator: blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) (urban region)</measure>
      <time_frame>per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Change of blood pressures by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) at urban region</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>1</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Actual">50</enrollment>
    <condition>Neoplasms</condition>
    <condition>Cancer</condition>
    <condition>Mental Health Disorder</condition>
    <condition>Depression</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Forest Therapy</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>This is a pretest-posttest designed experiment. A two-hour guided forest healing activity was used as an intervention method. For the purpose of comparison, an urban area adjacent to the Taipei Botanical Garden, specifically the Wanhua district, was selected. This choice ensures the exclusion of extensive green spaces commonly used for walking.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Forest Therapy</intervention_name>
      <description>Forest healing activities are guided by professionals, allowing participants to engage in a two-hour sensory experience within the forest environment. This includes activities such as stacking leaves and stones, closing their eyes to listen to sounds, engaging in physical stretches, blindfolded tree identification, connecting with tree companions, creating earth mandalas, and partaking in tea ceremonies and sharing insights.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Forest Therapy</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Over 20 year-old&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Cancer patients finished cancer treatments more than 6 months (regardless hormone&#xD;
               therapy)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Voluntary attendance&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  People who unable to walk for at least 120 minutes&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  People who still smoking, chewing betel nut or drinking alcohol (over five standard&#xD;
               cups in any situation)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  People who addicted to medicine&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  People who attend another clinical trial at the same time or in the follow-up period&#xD;
               of an interventional trial&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Pregnant women or breast feeding&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Other conditions that participants unable to cooperate with&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>36 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>82 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Chung-Hua Hsu, MD. PHD.</last_name>
      <role>Study Director</role>
      <affiliation>Branch of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Taipei city hospital</name>
        <address>
          <city>Taipei</city>
          <zip>10845</zip>
          <country>Taiwan</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Taiwan</country>
    </location_countries>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 14, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 14, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 21, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 19, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 19, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 23, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Taipei City Hospital</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Chung-Hua Hsu</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>director of the hospital</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Forest therapy</keyword>
    <keyword>Forest healing</keyword>
    <keyword>Cancer Survivors</keyword>
    <keyword>Mental Health Disorder</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Mental Disorders</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06001723
  org study id: TCHIRB-11104010
  nct id: NCT06001723
  lead sponsor: 
  collaborator: 
  has dmc: Yes
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  The forest healing system is an important topic of alternative therapy in recent years. To
        investigates forest therapy's effectiveness in alleviating negative emotions among
        post-cancer patients. It compares therapy outcomes at Taipei Botanical Garden and Fushan
        Botanical Garden. Utilizing a pretest-posttest experimental design, a two-hour guided forest
        healing activity serves as the intervention method. Data collection involves instrumental
        tests and saliva samples.
  Introduction:
  
        Cancer's global impact persists, ranking among the top three causes of death in Taiwan.
        Despite improved survival rates after cancer surgery, negative emotions among patients remain
        a challenge. Post-cancer depression adversely affects treatment outcomes and overall quality
        of life. Forest therapy, a natural healing approach, has gained attention for its potential
        to reduce stress, mitigate negative emotions, and enhance well-being.
  
        Objectives:
  
        This study investigates forest therapy's effectiveness in alleviating negative emotions among
        post-cancer patients. It compares therapy outcomes at Taipei Botanical Garden and Fushan
        Botanical Garden. Additionally, the study explores the lasting emotional benefits of forest
        therapy.
  
        Methods:
  
        Utilizing a pretest-posttest experimental design, this study is conducted at the Botanical
        Garden in Fushan, Taipei. Participants are cancer patients who are six months post-treatment.
        A two-hour guided forest healing activity serves as the intervention method. Data collection
        involves instrumental tests and saliva samples. A comparable location adjacent to Taipei
        Botanical Garden, excluding urban areas, is selected for comparison activities. Portable
        heart rhythm monitors track data, and saliva samples are analyzed for salivary α-amylase
        enzyme kinetics and cortisol concentrations. The study employs questionnaires including the
        Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult short (POMS2-A short), Beck Depression
        Inventory-Second edition (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the abbreviated Taiwan
        version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF).
  allocation: N/A
  intervention model: Sequential Assignment
  primary purpose: Supportive Care
  masking: None (Open Label)
  measure: questionnaire: POMS2-A short (Fushan botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult short at Fushan botanical garden
  measure: questionnaire: POMS2-A short (Taipei botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult short at Taipei botanical garden
  measure: questionnaire: POMS2-A short (urban region)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult short at urban region
  measure: questionnaire: BAI (Fushan botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of The Beck Anxiety Inventory at Fushan botanical garden
  measure: questionnaire: BAI (Taipei botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of The Beck Anxiety Inventory at Taipei botanical garden
  measure: questionnaire: BAI (urban region)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of The Beck Anxiety Inventory at urban region
  measure: questionnaire: BDI-II (Fushan botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of The Beck Depression Inventory II at Fushan botanical garden
  measure: questionnaire: BDI-II (Taipei botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of baseline The Beck Depression Inventory II at Taipei botanical garden
  measure: questionnaire: BDI-II (urban region)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of baseline The Beck Depression Inventory II at urban region
  measure: questionnaire: WHOQOL-BREF (Fushan botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (Taiwan version) at Fushan botanical garden
  measure: questionnaire: WHOQOL-BREF (Taipei botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (Taiwan version) at Taipei botanical garden
  measure: questionnaire: WHOQOL-BREF (urban region)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (Taiwan version) at urban region
  measure: physiological indicator: alpha-amylase activity in salivary (Fushan botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of alpha-amylase activity in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at Fushan botanical garden
  measure: physiological indicator: alpha-amylase activity in salivary (Taipei botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of alpha-amylase activity in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at Taipei botanical garden
  measure: physiological indicator: alpha-amylase activity in salivary (urban region)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of alpha-amylase activity in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at urban region
  measure: physiological indicator: cortisol concentration in salivary (Fushan botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of cortisol concentration in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at Fushan botanical garden
  measure: physiological indicator: cortisol concentration in salivary (Taipei botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of cortisol concentration in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at Taipei botanical garden
  measure: physiological indicator: cortisol concentration in salivary (urban region)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of cortisol concentration in salivary by using commercial kits (Salimetrics®) at urban region
  measure: physiological indicator: HRV (Heart Rate Variability) (Fushan botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of HRV by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure heart rate, heart rate variability (related to activities of the autonomic nervous system ANS), irregular heartbeats (IRRHB), and 5-minute continuous pulse wave at Fushan botanical garden
  measure: physiological indicator: HRV (Heart Rate Variability) (Taipei botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of HRV by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure heart rate, heart rate variability (related to activities of the autonomic nervous system ANS), irregular heartbeats (IRRHB), and 5-minute continuous pulse wave at Taipei botanical garden
  measure: physiological indicator: HRV (Heart Rate Variability) (urban region)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of HRV by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure heart rate, heart rate variability (related to activities of the autonomic nervous system ANS), irregular heartbeats (IRRHB), and 5-minute continuous pulse wave at urban region
  measure: physiological indicator: blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) (Fushan botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Fushan botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of blood pressures by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) at Fushan botanical garden
  measure: physiological indicator: blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) (Taipei botanical garden)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at Taipei botanical garden → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of blood pressures by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) at Taipei botanical garden
  measure: physiological indicator: blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) (urban region)
  time frame: per-test → 2 hours intervention at urban region → post-test immediately after the intervention
  description: Change of blood pressures by using wrist monitors (ANSWatch®) to measure blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) at urban region
  arm group label: Forest Therapy
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: This is a pretest-posttest designed experiment. A two-hour guided forest healing activity was used as an intervention method. For the purpose of comparison, an urban area adjacent to the Taipei Botanical Garden, specifically the Wanhua district, was selected. This choice ensures the exclusion of extensive green spaces commonly used for walking.
  intervention type: Behavioral
  intervention name: Forest Therapy
  description: Forest healing activities are guided by professionals, allowing participants to engage in a two-hour sensory experience within the forest environment. This includes activities such as stacking leaves and stones, closing their eyes to listen to sounds, engaging in physical stretches, blindfolded tree identification, connecting with tree companions, creating earth mandalas, and partaking in tea ceremonies and sharing insights.
  arm group label: Forest Therapy
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 36 Years
  maximum age: 82 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Chung-Hua Hsu, MD. PHD.
  role: Study Director
  affiliation: Branch of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital
  facility: 
  country: Taiwan
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Taipei City Hospital
  investigator full name: Chung-Hua Hsu
  investigator title: director of the hospital
  mesh term: Mental Disorders