xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05985460</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>JCSFLP2</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT05985460</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>A Very Brief Intervention to Increase the Intention to Practice Physical Activity</brief_title>
    <official_title>A Very Brief Intervention to Increase the Intention to Practice Physical Activity</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>The University of Hong Kong</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
      <collaborator>
        <agency>Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </collaborator>
    </sponsors>
    <source>The University of Hong Kong</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        According to the Health Belief Model (HBM), one's intention to engage in physical activity&#xD;
        (PA) is strongly and favourably related to their actual PA behaviour (Etheridge, Sinyard, &amp;&#xD;
        Brindle, 2023; Kagee &amp; Freeman, 2017). According to a meta-analysis that looked at the&#xD;
        connection between PA intention and conduct, 54% of those who had the intention to be active&#xD;
        did so, and just 2% of people who initially had no intention of engaging in PA later modified&#xD;
        their behaviour (Rhodes &amp; de Bruijn, 2013). Therefore, having PA intention is a crucial and&#xD;
        helpful step to participate in PA(Webb &amp; Sheeran, 2006).&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Digital games include TV or console games, PC games, portable games, and others. Such games&#xD;
        have recently been employed as teaching, learning, and training aids in a variety of&#xD;
        contexts, including medical education (Rosenberg et al., 2010). Previous research has shown&#xD;
        that motion sensor video games have positive effects on promoting healthy lifestyles&#xD;
        including engagement in physical activity and disseminating health-related knowledge (DeSmet&#xD;
        et al., 2014; Foley &amp; Maddison, 2010; Lenhart, Kahne, Middaugh, Evans, &amp; Vitek, 2008).&#xD;
        Meanwhile, video games (at least once/day for 1 week) had positive effects on individuals'&#xD;
        well-being and family relationships. (Foley &amp; Maddison, 2010; Halbrook, O'Donnell, &amp; Msetfi,&#xD;
        2019). Drawing on the HBM, playing digital game could be the cue to action which increases&#xD;
        people's intention to engage in physical activities.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Our study aims to fill the gap by examining the effectiveness of motion-sensoring game-based&#xD;
        intervention in increasing the intention of performing PA, as well as personal and family&#xD;
        well-being.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Health promotion refers to the process through which individuals are empowered to enhance&#xD;
        their control over their health and work towards its improvement (Smith, Tang, &amp; Nutbeam,&#xD;
        2006). The primary obstacles encountered in prior health promotion initiatives predominantly&#xD;
        involve participant engagement and the allocation of adequate resources for execution (Korda,&#xD;
        2013). Owing to the rapid digital transformation in recent decades, digital games are&#xD;
        becoming increasingly popular approaches for health promotion that could cover the above&#xD;
        challenges.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and manage noncommunicable diseases&#xD;
        (NCDs) such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and several cancers. It also helps prevent&#xD;
        hypertension, maintain healthy body weight and can improve mental health, quality of life and&#xD;
        well-being. Intention is such a strong psychological predictor of behaviour including PA, as&#xD;
        a result, PA intention has been an important and useful precursor to PA participation.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Therefore, our study aims to explore the effectiveness of motion-sensoring game-based&#xD;
        intervention in increasing intention to perform physical activity. The intervention is a kind&#xD;
        of motion-sensoring game based on Nintendo Switch that can accommodate 1-4 individuals,&#xD;
        engaging their entire bodies in the physical motions involved and will last 1-2 minutes each&#xD;
        session. It is notable that our project apps, a kind of mobile game, will be a placebo that&#xD;
        was developed to promote family well-being in Hong Kong, has been applied in previous&#xD;
        community events and received high satisfaction and positive feedback from both community&#xD;
        participants and NGO social workers. We hypothesize that the motion-sensoring would promote&#xD;
        the intention on participating in PA, as well as self-perceived personal and family&#xD;
        well-being.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The primary objective is to promote the intention to perform physical activity. The secondary&#xD;
        objectives are to enhance the knowledge of PA and to enhance their personal and family&#xD;
        well-being.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">September 5, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">September 30, 2025</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">September 30, 2025</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Non-Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
      <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Intention to perform physical activity</measure>
      <time_frame>Immediate post-intervention, 1-month follow up</time_frame>
      <description>The intention to perform physical activity will be assessed immediately following the activity and after 1-month follow-up by one-item scale. The question is &quot;Do you want to start (or continue) exercising at present?&quot;. The item comprises a 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10 (Lin, Huang, Chuang, Tsai, &amp; Wang, 2018).</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Satisfaction with the games • personal well-being and family well-being</measure>
      <time_frame>Immediate post-intervention, 1-month follow up</time_frame>
      <description>The question &quot;Are you satisfied with this activity?&quot; will be used to assess the satisfaction of participants after playing the two kinds of games and 1-month follow-up with a higher score (1-5) indicating higher satisfaction.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Personal well-being and family well-being</measure>
      <time_frame>Immediate post-intervention, 1-month follow up</time_frame>
      <description>Personal well-being was assessed immediately after playing games and 1-month follow-up using the question &quot;How well-being do you think you are?&quot; and answer using the 11-point scale (range 0-10), with higher scores indicating higher level of family well-being. (Appendix H1, H2) Family well-being was measured immediately after playing games and 1-month follow-up using family health, harmony, and happiness (3Hs): three separate questions asked, &quot;How healthy/harmonious/happy do you think your family is?&quot; and were answered using an 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating higher level of family well-being. (Appendix H1, H2)</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">3000</enrollment>
    <condition>Physical Activity</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Intervention: motion-sensor video game</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>The experimental arm is a 1-2 mins motion-sensoring video game, which can accommodate 1-4 individuals, engaging their entire bodies in the physical motions involved. It aims to increase PA intention by increasing their motivation, as well as personal and family well-being by increasing the interaction with family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Placebo: mobile APP game (without motion-sensoring)</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>The placebo arm is a 1-2 mins mobile app game, which allows 1-4 participants to play together with a duration of 1-2 minutes. It aims to increase participants' family and personal well-being by increasing the interaction of family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Intervention: motion-sensor video game</intervention_name>
      <description>The experimental arm is a 1-2 mins motion-sensoring video game, which can accommodate 1-4 individuals, engaging their entire bodies in the physical motions involved. It aims to increase PA intention by increasing their motivation, as well as personal and family well-being by increasing the interaction with family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).</description>
      <arm_group_label>Intervention: motion-sensor video game</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Placebo: mobile APP game (without motion-sensoring)</intervention_name>
      <description>The placebo arm is a 1-2 mins mobile app game, which allows 1-4 participants to play together with a duration of 1-2 minutes. It aims to increase participants' family and personal well-being by increasing the interaction of family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).</description>
      <arm_group_label>Placebo: mobile APP game (without motion-sensoring)</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Chinese speaking&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Able to complete the questionnaire&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Aged 18 or above&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  People with serious health conditions that might prevent them from participating in&#xD;
               sensor-motion video game and mobile game&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>100 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Man Ping MP Wang, PhD</last_name>
      <phone>39176636</phone>
      <email>mpwang@hku.hk</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <overall_contact_backup>
      <last_name>Ka Lai KL Pang, Degree</last_name>
      <phone>39103122</phone>
      <email>aklpang@hku.hk</email>
    </overall_contact_backup>
    <reference>
      <citation>DeSmet A, Van Ryckeghem D, Compernolle S, Baranowski T, Thompson D, Crombez G, Poels K, Van Lippevelde W, Bastiaensens S, Van Cleemput K, Vandebosch H, De Bourdeaudhuij I. A meta-analysis of serious digital games for healthy lifestyle promotion. Prev Med. 2014 Dec;69:95-107. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.026. Epub 2014 Aug 27.</citation>
      <PMID>25172024</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Etheridge, J. C., Sinyard, R. D., &amp; Brindle, M. E. (2023). Chapter 90 - Implementation research. In A. E. M. Eltorai, J. A. Bakal, P. C. Newell, &amp; A. J. Osband (Eds.), Translational Surgery (pp. 563-573): Academic Press.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Foley L, Maddison R. Use of active video games to increase physical activity in children: a (virtual) reality? Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2010 Feb;22(1):7-20. doi: 10.1123/pes.22.1.7.</citation>
      <PMID>20332536</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Halbrook YJ, O'Donnell AT, Msetfi RM. When and How Video Games Can Be Good: A Review of the Positive Effects of Video Games on Well-Being. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2019 Nov;14(6):1096-1104. doi: 10.1177/1745691619863807.</citation>
      <PMID>31672105</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Kagee, A., &amp; Freeman, M. (2017). Mental Health and Physical Health (Including HIV/AIDS). In S. R. Quah (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Public Health (Second Edition) (pp. 35-44). Oxford: Academic Press.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Korda H. Bringing evidence-based interventions to the field: the fidelity challenge. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2013 Jan-Feb;19(1):1-3. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0b013e318249bc06.</citation>
      <PMID>23169396</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Lenhart, A., Kahne, J., Middaugh, E., Evans, C., &amp; Vitek, J. (2008). Teens' gaming experiences are diverse and include significant social interaction and civic engagement. Pew Internet and American Life Project. Retrieved April 2, 2009. In.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Lin ML, Huang JJ, Chuang HY, Tsai HM, Wang HH. Physical activities and influencing factors among public health nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018 Apr 20;8(4):e019959. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019959.</citation>
      <PMID>29678974</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Rhodes RE, de Bruijn GJ. How big is the physical activity intention-behaviour gap? A meta-analysis using the action control framework. Br J Health Psychol. 2013 May;18(2):296-309. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12032.</citation>
      <PMID>23480428</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Rosenberg D, Depp CA, Vahia IV, Reichstadt J, Palmer BW, Kerr J, Norman G, Jeste DV. Exergames for subsyndromal depression in older adults: a pilot study of a novel intervention. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;18(3):221-6. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181c534b5.</citation>
      <PMID>20173423</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Smith BJ, Tang KC, Nutbeam D. WHO Health Promotion Glossary: new terms. Health Promot Int. 2006 Dec;21(4):340-5. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dal033. Epub 2006 Sep 7.</citation>
      <PMID>16963461</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Webb TL, Sheeran P. Does changing behavioral intentions engender behavior change? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Psychol Bull. 2006 Mar;132(2):249-68. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.249.</citation>
      <PMID>16536643</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 2, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 2, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 14, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 2, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 2, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 14, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>The University of Hong Kong</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Dr. Wang Man-Ping</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Professor</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Family Well-being</keyword>
    <keyword>Physical Activity</keyword>
    <keyword>Health</keyword>
    <keyword>Digital Game</keyword>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05985460
  org study id: JCSFLP2
  nct id: NCT05985460
  lead sponsor: 
  collaborator: 
  has dmc: Yes
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  According to the Health Belief Model (HBM), one's intention to engage in physical activity
        (PA) is strongly and favourably related to their actual PA behaviour (Etheridge, Sinyard, &
        Brindle, 2023; Kagee & Freeman, 2017). According to a meta-analysis that looked at the
        connection between PA intention and conduct, 54% of those who had the intention to be active
        did so, and just 2% of people who initially had no intention of engaging in PA later modified
        their behaviour (Rhodes & de Bruijn, 2013). Therefore, having PA intention is a crucial and
        helpful step to participate in PA(Webb & Sheeran, 2006).
  
        Digital games include TV or console games, PC games, portable games, and others. Such games
        have recently been employed as teaching, learning, and training aids in a variety of
        contexts, including medical education (Rosenberg et al., 2010). Previous research has shown
        that motion sensor video games have positive effects on promoting healthy lifestyles
        including engagement in physical activity and disseminating health-related knowledge (DeSmet
        et al., 2014; Foley & Maddison, 2010; Lenhart, Kahne, Middaugh, Evans, & Vitek, 2008).
        Meanwhile, video games (at least once/day for 1 week) had positive effects on individuals'
        well-being and family relationships. (Foley & Maddison, 2010; Halbrook, O'Donnell, & Msetfi,
        2019). Drawing on the HBM, playing digital game could be the cue to action which increases
        people's intention to engage in physical activities.
  
        Our study aims to fill the gap by examining the effectiveness of motion-sensoring game-based
        intervention in increasing the intention of performing PA, as well as personal and family
        well-being.
  Health promotion refers to the process through which individuals are empowered to enhance
        their control over their health and work towards its improvement (Smith, Tang, & Nutbeam,
        2006). The primary obstacles encountered in prior health promotion initiatives predominantly
        involve participant engagement and the allocation of adequate resources for execution (Korda,
        2013). Owing to the rapid digital transformation in recent decades, digital games are
        becoming increasingly popular approaches for health promotion that could cover the above
        challenges.
  
        Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and manage noncommunicable diseases
        (NCDs) such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and several cancers. It also helps prevent
        hypertension, maintain healthy body weight and can improve mental health, quality of life and
        well-being. Intention is such a strong psychological predictor of behaviour including PA, as
        a result, PA intention has been an important and useful precursor to PA participation.
  
        Therefore, our study aims to explore the effectiveness of motion-sensoring game-based
        intervention in increasing intention to perform physical activity. The intervention is a kind
        of motion-sensoring game based on Nintendo Switch that can accommodate 1-4 individuals,
        engaging their entire bodies in the physical motions involved and will last 1-2 minutes each
        session. It is notable that our project apps, a kind of mobile game, will be a placebo that
        was developed to promote family well-being in Hong Kong, has been applied in previous
        community events and received high satisfaction and positive feedback from both community
        participants and NGO social workers. We hypothesize that the motion-sensoring would promote
        the intention on participating in PA, as well as self-perceived personal and family
        well-being.
  
        The primary objective is to promote the intention to perform physical activity. The secondary
        objectives are to enhance the knowledge of PA and to enhance their personal and family
        well-being.
  allocation: Non-Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  primary purpose: Prevention
  masking: None (Open Label)
  measure: Intention to perform physical activity
  time frame: Immediate post-intervention, 1-month follow up
  description: The intention to perform physical activity will be assessed immediately following the activity and after 1-month follow-up by one-item scale. The question is "Do you want to start (or continue) exercising at present?". The item comprises a 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10 (Lin, Huang, Chuang, Tsai, & Wang, 2018).
  measure: Satisfaction with the games • personal well-being and family well-being
  time frame: Immediate post-intervention, 1-month follow up
  description: The question "Are you satisfied with this activity?" will be used to assess the satisfaction of participants after playing the two kinds of games and 1-month follow-up with a higher score (1-5) indicating higher satisfaction.
  measure: Personal well-being and family well-being
  time frame: Immediate post-intervention, 1-month follow up
  description: Personal well-being was assessed immediately after playing games and 1-month follow-up using the question "How well-being do you think you are?" and answer using the 11-point scale (range 0-10), with higher scores indicating higher level of family well-being. (Appendix H1, H2) Family well-being was measured immediately after playing games and 1-month follow-up using family health, harmony, and happiness (3Hs): three separate questions asked, "How healthy/harmonious/happy do you think your family is?" and were answered using an 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating higher level of family well-being. (Appendix H1, H2)
  arm group label: Intervention: motion-sensor video game
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: The experimental arm is a 1-2 mins motion-sensoring video game, which can accommodate 1-4 individuals, engaging their entire bodies in the physical motions involved. It aims to increase PA intention by increasing their motivation, as well as personal and family well-being by increasing the interaction with family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).
  arm group label: Placebo: mobile APP game (without motion-sensoring)
  arm group type: Placebo Comparator
  description: The placebo arm is a 1-2 mins mobile app game, which allows 1-4 participants to play together with a duration of 1-2 minutes. It aims to increase participants' family and personal well-being by increasing the interaction of family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).
  intervention type: Device
  intervention name: Intervention: motion-sensor video game
  description: The experimental arm is a 1-2 mins motion-sensoring video game, which can accommodate 1-4 individuals, engaging their entire bodies in the physical motions involved. It aims to increase PA intention by increasing their motivation, as well as personal and family well-being by increasing the interaction with family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).
  arm group label: Intervention: motion-sensor video game
  intervention type: Device
  intervention name: Placebo: mobile APP game (without motion-sensoring)
  description: The placebo arm is a 1-2 mins mobile app game, which allows 1-4 participants to play together with a duration of 1-2 minutes. It aims to increase participants' family and personal well-being by increasing the interaction of family members. Assessments will be conducted at two different time points, immediately following the intervention (T2) and after 1-month follow-up (T3).
  arm group label: Placebo: mobile APP game (without motion-sensoring)
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 100 Years
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  last name: Man Ping MP Wang, PhD
  phone: 39176636
  email: mpwang@hku.hk
  last name: Ka Lai KL Pang, Degree
  phone: 39103122
  email: aklpang@hku.hk
  citation: DeSmet A, Van Ryckeghem D, Compernolle S, Baranowski T, Thompson D, Crombez G, Poels K, Van Lippevelde W, Bastiaensens S, Van Cleemput K, Vandebosch H, De Bourdeaudhuij I. A meta-analysis of serious digital games for healthy lifestyle promotion. Prev Med. 2014 Dec;69:95-107. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.026. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
  PMID: 25172024
  citation: Etheridge, J. C., Sinyard, R. D., & Brindle, M. E. (2023). Chapter 90 - Implementation research. In A. E. M. Eltorai, J. A. Bakal, P. C. Newell, & A. J. Osband (Eds.), Translational Surgery (pp. 563-573): Academic Press.
  citation: Foley L, Maddison R. Use of active video games to increase physical activity in children: a (virtual) reality? Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2010 Feb;22(1):7-20. doi: 10.1123/pes.22.1.7.
  PMID: 20332536
  citation: Halbrook YJ, O'Donnell AT, Msetfi RM. When and How Video Games Can Be Good: A Review of the Positive Effects of Video Games on Well-Being. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2019 Nov;14(6):1096-1104. doi: 10.1177/1745691619863807.
  PMID: 31672105
  citation: Kagee, A., & Freeman, M. (2017). Mental Health and Physical Health (Including HIV/AIDS). In S. R. Quah (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Public Health (Second Edition) (pp. 35-44). Oxford: Academic Press.
  citation: Korda H. Bringing evidence-based interventions to the field: the fidelity challenge. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2013 Jan-Feb;19(1):1-3. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0b013e318249bc06.
  PMID: 23169396
  citation: Lenhart, A., Kahne, J., Middaugh, E., Evans, C., & Vitek, J. (2008). Teens' gaming experiences are diverse and include significant social interaction and civic engagement. Pew Internet and American Life Project. Retrieved April 2, 2009. In.
  citation: Lin ML, Huang JJ, Chuang HY, Tsai HM, Wang HH. Physical activities and influencing factors among public health nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018 Apr 20;8(4):e019959. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019959.
  PMID: 29678974
  citation: Rhodes RE, de Bruijn GJ. How big is the physical activity intention-behaviour gap? A meta-analysis using the action control framework. Br J Health Psychol. 2013 May;18(2):296-309. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12032.
  PMID: 23480428
  citation: Rosenberg D, Depp CA, Vahia IV, Reichstadt J, Palmer BW, Kerr J, Norman G, Jeste DV. Exergames for subsyndromal depression in older adults: a pilot study of a novel intervention. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;18(3):221-6. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181c534b5.
  PMID: 20173423
  citation: Smith BJ, Tang KC, Nutbeam D. WHO Health Promotion Glossary: new terms. Health Promot Int. 2006 Dec;21(4):340-5. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dal033. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
  PMID: 16963461
  citation: Webb TL, Sheeran P. Does changing behavioral intentions engender behavior change? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Psychol Bull. 2006 Mar;132(2):249-68. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.249.
  PMID: 16536643
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: The University of Hong Kong
  investigator full name: Dr. Wang Man-Ping
  investigator title: Professor
  sharing ipd: No