xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06004531</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>CUB_PHAL2023</org_study_id>
      <secondary_id>Lippke202308</secondary_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06004531</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Planetary Health and Loneliness</brief_title>
    <acronym>PAL</acronym>
    <official_title>Planetary Health and Loneliness: Survey and Mini-intervention to Study the Interrelations of Multiple Behavior Change and Perception of Social Isolation</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The aim of this online study is the evaluation of planetary health behaviors in relation to&#xD;
        levels of eco-anxiety, general well-being, and levels of loneliness. As climate change&#xD;
        progresses at a dangerous rate, it is important to establish and maintain lifestyles that are&#xD;
        productive, fulfilling, environmentally conscious, and low in anxiety. Through a better&#xD;
        understanding of the interconnected nature of planetary health behaviors with other aspects&#xD;
        of healthy living and perception of social isolation, this study will add to current state of&#xD;
        science to help inform the creation of interventions promoting sustainable, healthy, happy&#xD;
        living among the general public and specific subgroups.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        The aim of this online study is the evaluation of healthy behaviors and anxiety levels in&#xD;
        relation to selected physical, mental, and environmental health aspects. The umbrella&#xD;
        terminology of &quot;planetary health&quot; is used in the context of this study. As climate change&#xD;
        progresses at a dangerous rate, it is important to establish and maintain lifestyles that are&#xD;
        productive, fulfilling, environmentally conscious, and low in anxiety. By evaluating&#xD;
        prevalence of healthy behaviors and levels of eco-anxiety as well as loneliness as one early&#xD;
        indicator of health risk, this study hopes to build on existing public health knowledge to&#xD;
        develop interventions targeting and encouraging multiple aspects of healthy, eco-friendly&#xD;
        lifestyles. This study will also help later intervention design by determining effective&#xD;
        methods of persuasion and promotion of sustainable planetary health behaviors. Main research&#xD;
        questions are&#xD;
  &#xD;
        I. Are climate-sensitive people (in terms of EMCB, YCSCB and Mindful Health) more likely to&#xD;
        also promote their own health (in terms of physical activity and healthy nutrition)? II. What&#xD;
        is the (non-)linear relationship between eco-anxiety and climate-sensitiveness/health&#xD;
        behavior? III. Is climate-sensitiveness and eco-anxiety invariant to partner status, number&#xD;
        of people in the household, gender, occupation and age? (no differences) IV. Is loneliness&#xD;
        linked to partner status, number of people in the household and younger age but uncorrelated&#xD;
        to eco-anxiety, climate-sensitiveness/health behavior? V. What is the prevalence of&#xD;
        loneliness in 2023 in comparison to 2022, 2021, 2020 and 2019? Do people who feel more lonely&#xD;
        after the corona pandemic show more eco-anxiety and climate-sensitiveness but less healthy&#xD;
        behavior than people who feel as/less lonely? VI. Is active persuasion involving mental&#xD;
        simulation or passive persuasion involving information dissemination more effective in&#xD;
        promoting eco-friendly behaviors as measured by the YCSCB?&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">August 28, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 31, 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">July 31, 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Young Consumers' Sustainable Consumption Behaviors (YCSCB) validated scale</measure>
      <time_frame>This scale will take approximately 2 minutes to fill out completely.</time_frame>
      <description>The primary outcome measure will be the YCSCB validated scale questionnaire. This will be given to participants right after they have completed the intervention section of the survey.&#xD;
  The answering options range from &quot;Never&quot; (0, minimum score) to &quot;Sometimes&quot; (1) and &quot;Often&quot; (2) up to &quot;Always&quot; (3, maximum score). The items are worded&#xD;
  I eat meat (steak, ham, etc.).&#xD;
  I eat dairy products (butter, cheese, yoghurt, etc.).&#xD;
  I keep a healthy diet.&#xD;
  There are times when I discard food products.&#xD;
  I buy locally grown food products.&#xD;
  I reuse my leftovers for the next meal. and items # 1, 2 and 4 need to reversed, then all items can be used as single items or as aggregated scale with higher scores mean a better outcome it terms of planetary health.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Ethically Minded Consumer Behavior (EMCB) validated scale</measure>
      <time_frame>This scale will take approximately 2 minutes to fill out completely.</time_frame>
      <description>The second primary outcome measure will be the EMCB validated scale questionnaire. This will be given to participants right after they have completed the intervention section of the survey.&#xD;
  The answering options range from &quot;Never true&quot; (0, minimum score) to &quot;Rarely true&quot; (1), &quot;Sometimes true&quot; (2), &quot;Mostly true&quot; (3) and &quot;Always true&quot; (4, maximum score). The items are worded (for instance) 1. When there is a choice, I always choose the product that contributes to the least amount of environmental damage.&#xD;
  2. I have switched products for environmental reasons. 3. If I understand the potential damage to the environment that some products can cause, I do not purchase those products.&#xD;
  … 10. I have paid more for socially responsible products when there is a cheaper alternative.&#xD;
  All items can be used as single items or as aggregated scale with higher scores mean a better outcome it terms of planetary health.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Loneliness item from the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression-(CES D)-Scale</measure>
      <time_frame>This item will take less than 1 minute to complete.</time_frame>
      <description>To study some of the research questions unrelated to the intervention, the perceived social isolation is measured with a standardized scale building on the item in the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression-(CES-D)-Scale. The item is worded &quot;How often did you feel lonely?&quot; with the answering options &quot;Daily&quot; (3), &quot;Several times a week&quot; (2), &quot;Once a week&quot; (1) and &quot;Rarely/never&quot; (0).&#xD;
  The item can be used as single items with higher scores mean a worse outcome it terms of more loneliness.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">1000</enrollment>
    <condition>Loneliness</condition>
    <condition>Anxiety</condition>
    <condition>Health-Related Behavior</condition>
    <condition>Healthy Lifestyle</condition>
    <condition>Healthy Nutrition</condition>
    <condition>Healthy Diet</condition>
    <condition>Health Behavior</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Health Promoting</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>The survey will be organized so health promoting behavioral scale questions will be asked first concerning personal wellbeing. This will be followed by eco-friendly behavior scale questions involving one's concern for the wellbeing of the planet. After this, there will be two surveys concerning loneliness and eco-anxiety before the intervention.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Eco-friendly behavior</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>The survey will be organized so eco-friendly behavior scale questions involving one's concern for the wellbeing of the planet will be asked first. This will be followed by health promoting behavioral scale questions concerning personal wellbeing. After this, there will be two surveys concerning loneliness and eco-anxiety before the intervention.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Prompting open-ended question promoting sustainability</intervention_name>
      <description>This intervention will include active persuasion through prompting participants to answer an open-ended question regarding how they will alter their behavior to become more sustainable and eco-friendly.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Eco-friendly behavior</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Health Promoting</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Sustainability Passage</intervention_name>
      <description>This intervention will include passive persuasion through presenting participants with a passage discussing the serious issue of climate change and the pressing need for systemic and individual change to adopt sustainable practices and lifestyles.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Eco-friendly behavior</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Health Promoting</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Ability to participate in surveys (e.g., sufficient German or English language skills)&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Not being of age&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Illiteracy&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Massively limited cognitive abilities (linguistic components of the digital offerings&#xD;
               must be able to be used and questionnaires completed or interviews participated in)&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Sonia Lippke, Dr.</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Constructor University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Sonia Lippke, Dr.</last_name>
      <phone>+49 421 200-4730</phone>
      <email>slippke@constructor.university</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Germany</name>
        <address>
          <city>Bremen</city>
          <zip>28759</zip>
          <country>Germany</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Germany</country>
    </location_countries>
    <reference>
      <citation>Arias, P., Bellouin, N., Coppola, E., Jones, C., Krinner, G., Marotzke, J., Naik, V., Plattner, G.-K., Rojas, M., Sillmann, J., Storelvmo, T., Thorne, P., Trewin, B., Achutarao, K., Adhikary, B., Armour, K., Bala, G., Barimalala, R., Berger, S., &amp; Zickfeld, K. (2021, January). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Technical Summary.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Bull ER, McCleary N, Li X, Dombrowski SU, Dusseldorp E, Johnston M. Interventions to Promote Healthy Eating, Physical Activity and Smoking in Low-Income Groups: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Behavior Change Techniques and Delivery/Context. Int J Behav Med. 2018 Dec;25(6):605-616. doi: 10.1007/s12529-018-9734-z.</citation>
      <PMID>30003476</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Cheng J, Xu Z, Bambrick H, Prescott V, Wang N, Zhang Y, Su H, Tong S, Hu W. Cardiorespiratory effects of heatwaves: A systematic review and meta-analysis of global epidemiological evidence. Environ Res. 2019 Oct;177:108610. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108610. Epub 2019 Jul 26.</citation>
      <PMID>31376629</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Dohle S, Hofmann W. Consistency and Balancing in Everyday Health Behaviour: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Approach. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2019 Mar;11(1):148-169. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12148. Epub 2018 Nov 13.</citation>
      <PMID>30426704</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Druckman, A., &amp; Jackson, T. (2016). Understanding Households as Drivers of Carbon Emissions. In R. Clift &amp; A. Druckman (Eds.), Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology (pp. 181-203). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20571-7_9</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Ford ES, Bergmann MM, Boeing H, Li C, Capewell S. Healthy lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality among adults in the United States. Prev Med. 2012 Jul;55(1):23-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.04.016. Epub 2012 Apr 29.</citation>
      <PMID>22564893</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Geller K, Lippke S, Nigg CR. Future directions of multiple behavior change research. J Behav Med. 2017 Feb;40(1):194-202. doi: 10.1007/s10865-016-9809-8. Epub 2016 Oct 26.</citation>
      <PMID>27785652</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Lacroix, K. (2018). Comparing the relative mitigation potential of individual pro-environmental behaviors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 1398-1407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.068</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Lange, F., &amp; Dewitte, S. (2019). Measuring pro-environmental behavior: Review and recommendations. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 63, 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.04.009</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Loef M, Walach H. The combined effects of healthy lifestyle behaviors on all cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2012 Sep;55(3):163-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.06.017. Epub 2012 Jun 24.</citation>
      <PMID>22735042</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Mauch CE, Edney SM, Viana JNM, Gondalia S, Sellak H, Boud SJ, Nixon DD, Ryan JC. Precision health in behaviour change interventions: A scoping review. Prev Med. 2022 Oct;163:107192. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107192. Epub 2022 Aug 11.</citation>
      <PMID>35963310</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Meader N, King K, Wright K, Graham HM, Petticrew M, Power C, White M, Sowden AJ. Multiple Risk Behavior Interventions: Meta-analyses of RCTs. Am J Prev Med. 2017 Jul;53(1):e19-e30. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.032. Epub 2017 Feb 28.</citation>
      <PMID>28258777</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Moran, D., Wood, R., Hertwich, E., Mattson, K., Rodriguez, J. F. D., Schanes, K., &amp; Barrett, J. (2020). Quantifying the potential for consumer-oriented policy to reduce European and foreign carbon emissions. Climate Policy, 20(sup1), S28-S38.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Nisa CF, Belanger JJ, Schumpe BM, Faller DG. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials testing behavioural interventions to promote household action on climate change. Nat Commun. 2019 Oct 4;10(1):4545. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12457-2.</citation>
      <PMID>31586060</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Nisbet, E. K. L., &amp; Gick, M. L. (2008). Can health psychology help the planet? Applying theory and models of health behaviour to environmental actions. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 49(4), 296-303.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Osbaldiston, R., &amp; Schott, J. P. (2012). Environmental Sustainability and Behavioral Science: Meta-Analysis of Proenvironmental Behavior Experiments. Environment and Behavior, 44(2), 257-299.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Prochaska JJ, Spring B, Nigg CR. Multiple health behavior change research: an introduction and overview. Prev Med. 2008 Mar;46(3):181-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.001. Epub 2008 Feb 6.</citation>
      <PMID>18319098</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Riediger M, Freund AM. Interference and facilitation among personal goals: differential associations with subjective well-being and persistent goal pursuit. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Dec;30(12):1511-23. doi: 10.1177/0146167204271184.</citation>
      <PMID>15536236</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Santos, O., Virgolino, A., Vaz Carneiro, A., &amp; De Matos, M. G. (2021). Health Behavior and Planetary Health: A Multi-Level Environmental Health Approach. European Psychologist, 26(3), 212-218.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Steg, L., &amp; Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(3), 309-317.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Truelove, H. B., Carrico, A. R., Weber, E. U., Raimi, K. T., &amp; Vandenbergh, M. P. (2014). Positive and negative spillover of pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and theoretical framework. Global Environmental Change, 29, 127-138.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>United Nations Development Programme. (2022). United Nations (UN).</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>World Health Organization. COP26 special report on climate change and health: The health argument for climate action. Report No.: 9240036725. (2021). World Health Organization.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Wu S, Zhu W, Thompson P, Hannun YA. Evaluating intrinsic and non-intrinsic cancer risk factors. Nat Commun. 2018 Aug 28;9(1):3490. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05467-z.</citation>
      <PMID>30154431</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 16, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 16, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 22, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 24, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 24, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 28, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Planetary Health</keyword>
    <keyword>Eco-Friendly Behavior</keyword>
    <keyword>Eco-Anxiety</keyword>
    <keyword>Covid-19</keyword>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
      <ipd_description>Individual participant data (IPD) will not be published. Other researchers are welcome to get in contact with the PI to get access to anonymous data.</ipd_description>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06004531
  org study id: CUB_PHAL2023
  secondary id: Lippke202308
  nct id: NCT06004531
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  The aim of this online study is the evaluation of planetary health behaviors in relation to
        levels of eco-anxiety, general well-being, and levels of loneliness. As climate change
        progresses at a dangerous rate, it is important to establish and maintain lifestyles that are
        productive, fulfilling, environmentally conscious, and low in anxiety. Through a better
        understanding of the interconnected nature of planetary health behaviors with other aspects
        of healthy living and perception of social isolation, this study will add to current state of
        science to help inform the creation of interventions promoting sustainable, healthy, happy
        living among the general public and specific subgroups.
  The aim of this online study is the evaluation of healthy behaviors and anxiety levels in
        relation to selected physical, mental, and environmental health aspects. The umbrella
        terminology of "planetary health" is used in the context of this study. As climate change
        progresses at a dangerous rate, it is important to establish and maintain lifestyles that are
        productive, fulfilling, environmentally conscious, and low in anxiety. By evaluating
        prevalence of healthy behaviors and levels of eco-anxiety as well as loneliness as one early
        indicator of health risk, this study hopes to build on existing public health knowledge to
        develop interventions targeting and encouraging multiple aspects of healthy, eco-friendly
        lifestyles. This study will also help later intervention design by determining effective
        methods of persuasion and promotion of sustainable planetary health behaviors. Main research
        questions are
  
        I. Are climate-sensitive people (in terms of EMCB, YCSCB and Mindful Health) more likely to
        also promote their own health (in terms of physical activity and healthy nutrition)? II. What
        is the (non-)linear relationship between eco-anxiety and climate-sensitiveness/health
        behavior? III. Is climate-sensitiveness and eco-anxiety invariant to partner status, number
        of people in the household, gender, occupation and age? (no differences) IV. Is loneliness
        linked to partner status, number of people in the household and younger age but uncorrelated
        to eco-anxiety, climate-sensitiveness/health behavior? V. What is the prevalence of
        loneliness in 2023 in comparison to 2022, 2021, 2020 and 2019? Do people who feel more lonely
        after the corona pandemic show more eco-anxiety and climate-sensitiveness but less healthy
        behavior than people who feel as/less lonely? VI. Is active persuasion involving mental
        simulation or passive persuasion involving information dissemination more effective in
        promoting eco-friendly behaviors as measured by the YCSCB?
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Crossover Assignment
  primary purpose: Prevention
  masking: Single (Participant)
  measure: Young Consumers' Sustainable Consumption Behaviors (YCSCB) validated scale
  time frame: This scale will take approximately 2 minutes to fill out completely.
  description: The primary outcome measure will be the YCSCB validated scale questionnaire. This will be given to participants right after they have completed the intervention section of the survey.
  The answering options range from "Never" (0, minimum score) to "Sometimes" (1) and "Often" (2) up to "Always" (3, maximum score). The items are worded
  I eat meat (steak, ham, etc.).
  I eat dairy products (butter, cheese, yoghurt, etc.).
  I keep a healthy diet.
  There are times when I discard food products.
  I buy locally grown food products.
  I reuse my leftovers for the next meal. and items # 1, 2 and 4 need to reversed, then all items can be used as single items or as aggregated scale with higher scores mean a better outcome it terms of planetary health.
  measure: Ethically Minded Consumer Behavior (EMCB) validated scale
  time frame: This scale will take approximately 2 minutes to fill out completely.
  description: The second primary outcome measure will be the EMCB validated scale questionnaire. This will be given to participants right after they have completed the intervention section of the survey.
  The answering options range from "Never true" (0, minimum score) to "Rarely true" (1), "Sometimes true" (2), "Mostly true" (3) and "Always true" (4, maximum score). The items are worded (for instance) 1. When there is a choice, I always choose the product that contributes to the least amount of environmental damage.
  2. I have switched products for environmental reasons. 3. If I understand the potential damage to the environment that some products can cause, I do not purchase those products.
  … 10. I have paid more for socially responsible products when there is a cheaper alternative.
  All items can be used as single items or as aggregated scale with higher scores mean a better outcome it terms of planetary health.
  measure: Loneliness item from the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression-(CES D)-Scale
  time frame: This item will take less than 1 minute to complete.
  description: To study some of the research questions unrelated to the intervention, the perceived social isolation is measured with a standardized scale building on the item in the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression-(CES-D)-Scale. The item is worded "How often did you feel lonely?" with the answering options "Daily" (3), "Several times a week" (2), "Once a week" (1) and "Rarely/never" (0).
  The item can be used as single items with higher scores mean a worse outcome it terms of more loneliness.
  arm group label: Health Promoting
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: The survey will be organized so health promoting behavioral scale questions will be asked first concerning personal wellbeing. This will be followed by eco-friendly behavior scale questions involving one's concern for the wellbeing of the planet. After this, there will be two surveys concerning loneliness and eco-anxiety before the intervention.
  arm group label: Eco-friendly behavior
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: The survey will be organized so eco-friendly behavior scale questions involving one's concern for the wellbeing of the planet will be asked first. This will be followed by health promoting behavioral scale questions concerning personal wellbeing. After this, there will be two surveys concerning loneliness and eco-anxiety before the intervention.
  intervention type: Behavioral
  intervention name: Prompting open-ended question promoting sustainability
  description: This intervention will include active persuasion through prompting participants to answer an open-ended question regarding how they will alter their behavior to become more sustainable and eco-friendly.
  arm group label: Eco-friendly behavior
  arm group label: Health Promoting
  intervention type: Behavioral
  intervention name: Sustainability Passage
  description: This intervention will include passive persuasion through presenting participants with a passage discussing the serious issue of climate change and the pressing need for systemic and individual change to adopt sustainable practices and lifestyles.
  arm group label: Eco-friendly behavior
  arm group label: Health Promoting
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: N/A
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  last name: Sonia Lippke, Dr.
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Constructor University
  last name: Sonia Lippke, Dr.
  phone: +49 421 200-4730
  email: slippke@constructor.university
  facility: 
  country: Germany
  citation: Arias, P., Bellouin, N., Coppola, E., Jones, C., Krinner, G., Marotzke, J., Naik, V., Plattner, G.-K., Rojas, M., Sillmann, J., Storelvmo, T., Thorne, P., Trewin, B., Achutarao, K., Adhikary, B., Armour, K., Bala, G., Barimalala, R., Berger, S., & Zickfeld, K. (2021, January). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Technical Summary.
  citation: Bull ER, McCleary N, Li X, Dombrowski SU, Dusseldorp E, Johnston M. Interventions to Promote Healthy Eating, Physical Activity and Smoking in Low-Income Groups: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Behavior Change Techniques and Delivery/Context. Int J Behav Med. 2018 Dec;25(6):605-616. doi: 10.1007/s12529-018-9734-z.
  PMID: 30003476
  citation: Cheng J, Xu Z, Bambrick H, Prescott V, Wang N, Zhang Y, Su H, Tong S, Hu W. Cardiorespiratory effects of heatwaves: A systematic review and meta-analysis of global epidemiological evidence. Environ Res. 2019 Oct;177:108610. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108610. Epub 2019 Jul 26.
  PMID: 31376629
  citation: Dohle S, Hofmann W. Consistency and Balancing in Everyday Health Behaviour: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Approach. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2019 Mar;11(1):148-169. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12148. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
  PMID: 30426704
  citation: Druckman, A., & Jackson, T. (2016). Understanding Households as Drivers of Carbon Emissions. In R. Clift & A. Druckman (Eds.), Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology (pp. 181-203). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20571-7_9
  citation: Ford ES, Bergmann MM, Boeing H, Li C, Capewell S. Healthy lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality among adults in the United States. Prev Med. 2012 Jul;55(1):23-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.04.016. Epub 2012 Apr 29.
  PMID: 22564893
  citation: Geller K, Lippke S, Nigg CR. Future directions of multiple behavior change research. J Behav Med. 2017 Feb;40(1):194-202. doi: 10.1007/s10865-016-9809-8. Epub 2016 Oct 26.
  PMID: 27785652
  citation: Lacroix, K. (2018). Comparing the relative mitigation potential of individual pro-environmental behaviors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 1398-1407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.068
  citation: Lange, F., & Dewitte, S. (2019). Measuring pro-environmental behavior: Review and recommendations. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 63, 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.04.009
  citation: Loef M, Walach H. The combined effects of healthy lifestyle behaviors on all cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2012 Sep;55(3):163-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.06.017. Epub 2012 Jun 24.
  PMID: 22735042
  citation: Mauch CE, Edney SM, Viana JNM, Gondalia S, Sellak H, Boud SJ, Nixon DD, Ryan JC. Precision health in behaviour change interventions: A scoping review. Prev Med. 2022 Oct;163:107192. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107192. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
  PMID: 35963310
  citation: Meader N, King K, Wright K, Graham HM, Petticrew M, Power C, White M, Sowden AJ. Multiple Risk Behavior Interventions: Meta-analyses of RCTs. Am J Prev Med. 2017 Jul;53(1):e19-e30. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.032. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
  PMID: 28258777
  citation: Moran, D., Wood, R., Hertwich, E., Mattson, K., Rodriguez, J. F. D., Schanes, K., & Barrett, J. (2020). Quantifying the potential for consumer-oriented policy to reduce European and foreign carbon emissions. Climate Policy, 20(sup1), S28-S38.
  citation: Nisa CF, Belanger JJ, Schumpe BM, Faller DG. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials testing behavioural interventions to promote household action on climate change. Nat Commun. 2019 Oct 4;10(1):4545. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12457-2.
  PMID: 31586060
  citation: Nisbet, E. K. L., & Gick, M. L. (2008). Can health psychology help the planet? Applying theory and models of health behaviour to environmental actions. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 49(4), 296-303.
  citation: Osbaldiston, R., & Schott, J. P. (2012). Environmental Sustainability and Behavioral Science: Meta-Analysis of Proenvironmental Behavior Experiments. Environment and Behavior, 44(2), 257-299.
  citation: Prochaska JJ, Spring B, Nigg CR. Multiple health behavior change research: an introduction and overview. Prev Med. 2008 Mar;46(3):181-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.001. Epub 2008 Feb 6.
  PMID: 18319098
  citation: Riediger M, Freund AM. Interference and facilitation among personal goals: differential associations with subjective well-being and persistent goal pursuit. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Dec;30(12):1511-23. doi: 10.1177/0146167204271184.
  PMID: 15536236
  citation: Santos, O., Virgolino, A., Vaz Carneiro, A., & De Matos, M. G. (2021). Health Behavior and Planetary Health: A Multi-Level Environmental Health Approach. European Psychologist, 26(3), 212-218.
  citation: Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(3), 309-317.
  citation: Truelove, H. B., Carrico, A. R., Weber, E. U., Raimi, K. T., & Vandenbergh, M. P. (2014). Positive and negative spillover of pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and theoretical framework. Global Environmental Change, 29, 127-138.
  citation: United Nations Development Programme. (2022). United Nations (UN).
  citation: World Health Organization. COP26 special report on climate change and health: The health argument for climate action. Report No.: 9240036725. (2021). World Health Organization.
  citation: Wu S, Zhu W, Thompson P, Hannun YA. Evaluating intrinsic and non-intrinsic cancer risk factors. Nat Commun. 2018 Aug 28;9(1):3490. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05467-z.
  PMID: 30154431
  responsible party type: Sponsor
  sharing ipd: No
  ipd description: Individual participant data (IPD) will not be published. Other researchers are welcome to get in contact with the PI to get access to anonymous data.