xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05972707</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>Haramaya university</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT05972707</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Magnitude, Types, and Associated Factors of External Abdominal Hernias Among Adult Patients Visiting the Surgical Outpatient Department at Hiwotfana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Jugol Regional Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</brief_title>
    <official_title>Magnitude, Types, and Associated Factors of External Abdominal Hernias Among Adult Patients Visiting the Surgical Outpatient Department at Hiwotfana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Jugol Regional Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Haramaya Unversity</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Haramaya Unversity</source>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The study was aimed at determining the magnitude, types, and associated factors of external&#xD;
        abdominal hernia among adult patients visiting the outpatient department at the Hiwot Fana&#xD;
        Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HFCSH) and Jugol regional hospital in eastern Ethiopia.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 20 to December 5, 2022, on adult&#xD;
        patients who visited the surgical outpatient department at the Hiwotfana Comprehensive&#xD;
        Specialized Hospital and Jugol Regional Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia. All adult patients who&#xD;
        visited the surgical outpatient department of each hospital were enrolled in the study using&#xD;
        a systematic random sampling technique with skipping intervals of two until the calculated&#xD;
        sample size was obtained, which is 403. Data collection was accomplished through medical&#xD;
        record reviews of patients and face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed by the&#xD;
        Statistical Package for Social Science version 26 software. Both descriptive and inferential&#xD;
        statistics were conducted, and the results were presented in text, graphs, and tables. A&#xD;
        Chi-square test was calculated, and an Odds ratio for the strength and directions of&#xD;
        association was used with a 95% confidence interval and a P-value of &lt;0.05 to be considered&#xD;
        statistical. This investigation determined the overall magnitude of external abdominal wall&#xD;
        hernias in the study area as well as the types of external abdominal hernias. At the&#xD;
        conclusion of the investigation, each significant associated factor for an external abdominal&#xD;
        hernia was identified.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">October 20, 2022</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Actual">December 5, 2022</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 5, 2022</primary_completion_date>
    <study_type>Observational</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <observational_model>Other</observational_model>
      <time_perspective>Cross-Sectional</time_perspective>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Number of participants with external abdominal hernia</measure>
      <time_frame>From September 20, 2022, to December 5, 2022</time_frame>
      <description>Hospital-based magnitudes of external abdominal hernias were studied depending on the identified number of patients with external abdominal hernias.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Types of external abdominal hernias</measure>
      <time_frame>From September 20, 2022, to December 5, 2022</time_frame>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Associated factors of external abdominal hernias</measure>
      <time_frame>From September 20, 2022, to December 5, 2022</time_frame>
      <description>The number of participants with external abdominal hernia who have any associated factor for hernia was identified, and the strength of association for each associated factor was determined by using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression studies.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <enrollment type="Actual">403</enrollment>
    <condition>Abdominal Wall Hernia</condition>
    <eligibility>
      <study_pop>
        <textblock>
          Adult surgical outpatient department patients&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </study_pop>
      <sampling_method>Probability Sample</sampling_method>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  All adult individuals who visited the surgical outpatient department during the period&#xD;
               of study&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients who were unable to respond due to severe illness or mental health problems&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>19 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    </eligibility>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Haramaya University</name>
        <address>
          <city>Harar</city>
          <country>Ethiopia</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Ethiopia</country>
    </location_countries>
    <reference>
      <citation>CHEUNG LY. Principles of Surgery. Vol. 56, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1975. 206-207 p.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Lassandro F, Iasiello F, Pizza NL, Valente T, Stefano ML, Grassi R, Muto R. Abdominal hernias: Radiological features. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Jun 16;3(6):110-7. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v3.i6.110.</citation>
      <PMID>21860678</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Qalehsari MQ, Khaghanizadeh M, Ebadi A. Lifelong learning strategies in nursing: A systematic review. Electron Physician. 2017 Oct 25;9(10):5541-5550. doi: 10.19082/5541. eCollection 2017 Oct.</citation>
      <PMID>29238496</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Dabbas N, Adams K, Pearson K, Royle G. Frequency of abdominal wall hernias: is classical teaching out of date? JRSM Short Rep. 2011 Jan 19;2(1):5. doi: 10.1258/shorts.2010.010071.</citation>
      <PMID>21286228</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Muysoms FE, Miserez M, Berrevoet F, Campanelli G, Champault GG, Chelala E, Dietz UA, Eker HH, El Nakadi I, Hauters P, Hidalgo Pascual M, Hoeferlin A, Klinge U, Montgomery A, Simmermacher RK, Simons MP, Smietanski M, Sommeling C, Tollens T, Vierendeels T, Kingsnorth A. Classification of primary and incisional abdominal wall hernias. Hernia. 2009 Aug;13(4):407-14. doi: 10.1007/s10029-009-0518-x. Epub 2009 Jun 3.</citation>
      <PMID>19495920</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Sazhin A, Zolotukhin I, Seliverstov E, Nikishkov A, Shevtsov Y, Andriyashkin A, Tatarintsev A, Kirienko A. Prevalence and risk factors for abdominal wall hernia in the general Russian population. Hernia. 2019 Dec;23(6):1237-1242. doi: 10.1007/s10029-019-01971-3. Epub 2019 May 14.</citation>
      <PMID>31089836</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Rutkow IM. Demographic and socioeconomic aspects of hernia repair in the United States in 2003. Surg Clin North Am. 2003 Oct;83(5):1045-51, v-vi. doi: 10.1016/S0039-6109(03)00132-4.</citation>
      <PMID>14533902</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Groen R, Sesay S, Kushner A, Dumbuya S. Three-stage repair of a giant inguinal hernia in Sierra Leone: A management technique for low-resource settings. J Surg Case Rep. 2011 Dec 1;2011(12):8. doi: 10.1093/jscr/2011.12.8.</citation>
      <PMID>24971839</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Arifin WN. Introduction to sample size calculation. Educ Med J. 2013;5(2):89-96.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Kibret AA, Tekle SY, H/Mariam MM, Worede AG, Dessie MA. Prevalence and associated factors of external hernia among adult patients visiting the surgical outpatient department at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialised Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2022 Apr 15;12(4):e056488. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056488.</citation>
      <PMID>35428635</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Mahfouz MEM, Al-Juaid RS. Prevalence and risk factors of abdominal hernia among Saudi population. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Aug;10(8):3130-3136. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_622_21. Epub 2021 Aug 27.</citation>
      <PMID>34660458</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Iqbal MN, Akhter S, Irfan M. Prevalence of hernia in relation to various risk factors in Narowal , Pakistan. 2015;3(1):29-32.</citation>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Rao G, Rao A, Pujara N, Pujara P, Patel S. Prevalence Of Hernia Among Fishermen Population In Kutch District, India -. Natl J Integr Res Med. 2015;6(4):44-51.</citation>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>July 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>July 22, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>July 31, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 2, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>July 31, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>July 31, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 2, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Haramaya Unversity</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Fufa Miresa</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Principal Investigator</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Hernia</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Hernia, Abdominal</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Internal Hernia</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Hernia, Ventral</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>Yes</sharing_ipd>
      <ipd_description>All individual participant data sets are to be shared as required to underlie results in a publication.</ipd_description>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05972707
  org study id: Haramaya university
  nct id: NCT05972707
  lead sponsor: 
  The study was aimed at determining the magnitude, types, and associated factors of external
        abdominal hernia among adult patients visiting the outpatient department at the Hiwot Fana
        Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HFCSH) and Jugol regional hospital in eastern Ethiopia.
  A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 20 to December 5, 2022, on adult
        patients who visited the surgical outpatient department at the Hiwotfana Comprehensive
        Specialized Hospital and Jugol Regional Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia. All adult patients who
        visited the surgical outpatient department of each hospital were enrolled in the study using
        a systematic random sampling technique with skipping intervals of two until the calculated
        sample size was obtained, which is 403. Data collection was accomplished through medical
        record reviews of patients and face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed by the
        Statistical Package for Social Science version 26 software. Both descriptive and inferential
        statistics were conducted, and the results were presented in text, graphs, and tables. A
        Chi-square test was calculated, and an Odds ratio for the strength and directions of
        association was used with a 95% confidence interval and a P-value of <0.05 to be considered
        statistical. This investigation determined the overall magnitude of external abdominal wall
        hernias in the study area as well as the types of external abdominal hernias. At the
        conclusion of the investigation, each significant associated factor for an external abdominal
        hernia was identified.
  observational model: Other
  time perspective: Cross-Sectional
  measure: Number of participants with external abdominal hernia
  time frame: From September 20, 2022, to December 5, 2022
  description: Hospital-based magnitudes of external abdominal hernias were studied depending on the identified number of patients with external abdominal hernias.
  measure: Types of external abdominal hernias
  time frame: From September 20, 2022, to December 5, 2022
  measure: Associated factors of external abdominal hernias
  time frame: From September 20, 2022, to December 5, 2022
  description: The number of participants with external abdominal hernia who have any associated factor for hernia was identified, and the strength of association for each associated factor was determined by using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression studies.
  study pop: 
  sampling method: Probability Sample
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 19 Years
  maximum age: N/A
  facility: 
  country: Ethiopia
  citation: CHEUNG LY. Principles of Surgery. Vol. 56, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1975. 206-207 p.
  citation: Lassandro F, Iasiello F, Pizza NL, Valente T, Stefano ML, Grassi R, Muto R. Abdominal hernias: Radiological features. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Jun 16;3(6):110-7. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v3.i6.110.
  PMID: 21860678
  citation: Qalehsari MQ, Khaghanizadeh M, Ebadi A. Lifelong learning strategies in nursing: A systematic review. Electron Physician. 2017 Oct 25;9(10):5541-5550. doi: 10.19082/5541. eCollection 2017 Oct.
  PMID: 29238496
  citation: Dabbas N, Adams K, Pearson K, Royle G. Frequency of abdominal wall hernias: is classical teaching out of date? JRSM Short Rep. 2011 Jan 19;2(1):5. doi: 10.1258/shorts.2010.010071.
  PMID: 21286228
  citation: Muysoms FE, Miserez M, Berrevoet F, Campanelli G, Champault GG, Chelala E, Dietz UA, Eker HH, El Nakadi I, Hauters P, Hidalgo Pascual M, Hoeferlin A, Klinge U, Montgomery A, Simmermacher RK, Simons MP, Smietanski M, Sommeling C, Tollens T, Vierendeels T, Kingsnorth A. Classification of primary and incisional abdominal wall hernias. Hernia. 2009 Aug;13(4):407-14. doi: 10.1007/s10029-009-0518-x. Epub 2009 Jun 3.
  PMID: 19495920
  citation: Sazhin A, Zolotukhin I, Seliverstov E, Nikishkov A, Shevtsov Y, Andriyashkin A, Tatarintsev A, Kirienko A. Prevalence and risk factors for abdominal wall hernia in the general Russian population. Hernia. 2019 Dec;23(6):1237-1242. doi: 10.1007/s10029-019-01971-3. Epub 2019 May 14.
  PMID: 31089836
  citation: Rutkow IM. Demographic and socioeconomic aspects of hernia repair in the United States in 2003. Surg Clin North Am. 2003 Oct;83(5):1045-51, v-vi. doi: 10.1016/S0039-6109(03)00132-4.
  PMID: 14533902
  citation: Groen R, Sesay S, Kushner A, Dumbuya S. Three-stage repair of a giant inguinal hernia in Sierra Leone: A management technique for low-resource settings. J Surg Case Rep. 2011 Dec 1;2011(12):8. doi: 10.1093/jscr/2011.12.8.
  PMID: 24971839
  citation: Arifin WN. Introduction to sample size calculation. Educ Med J. 2013;5(2):89-96.
  citation: Kibret AA, Tekle SY, H/Mariam MM, Worede AG, Dessie MA. Prevalence and associated factors of external hernia among adult patients visiting the surgical outpatient department at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialised Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2022 Apr 15;12(4):e056488. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056488.
  PMID: 35428635
  citation: Mahfouz MEM, Al-Juaid RS. Prevalence and risk factors of abdominal hernia among Saudi population. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Aug;10(8):3130-3136. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_622_21. Epub 2021 Aug 27.
  PMID: 34660458
  citation: Iqbal MN, Akhter S, Irfan M. Prevalence of hernia in relation to various risk factors in Narowal , Pakistan. 2015;3(1):29-32.
  citation: Rao G, Rao A, Pujara N, Pujara P, Patel S. Prevalence Of Hernia Among Fishermen Population In Kutch District, India -. Natl J Integr Res Med. 2015;6(4):44-51.
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Haramaya Unversity
  investigator full name: Fufa Miresa
  investigator title: Principal Investigator
  mesh term: Hernia
  mesh term: Hernia, Abdominal
  mesh term: Internal Hernia
  mesh term: Hernia, Ventral
  sharing ipd: Yes
  ipd description: All individual participant data sets are to be shared as required to underlie results in a publication.