xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06018675</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>9999999993</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06018675</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Comparison of Kinesio Taping, Dry Needling and Lidocain Injection Methods in Myofascial Pain Syndrome</brief_title>
    <official_title>Comparison of Kinesio Taping, Dry Needling and Lidocain Injection Methods in Myofascial Pain Syndrome</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Bursa City Hospital</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Bursa City Hospital</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by the presence of&#xD;
        trigger points in muscles and fascia in various parts of the body. Due to the pain, it has&#xD;
        negative effects on function, restricting movements and daily life activities. Several&#xD;
        invasive and non-invasive methods with proven effectiveness are described in the management&#xD;
        of myofascial pain syndrome. In this study, investigators aimed to compare the effect of&#xD;
        kinesiotaping with dry needling and lidocaine injection treatment. İnvestigators&#xD;
        hypothesized, that the effect of kinesiotaping have similar results compared to the invasiv&#xD;
        treatment methods in the treatment of MPS.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Sixty-six patients diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome in the upper trapezius were&#xD;
        included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups. Twenty-two&#xD;
        patients were randomly selected among patients who received kinesiotaping treatment (n:22).&#xD;
        Twenty-two patients who received dry needling treatment (group 2) and 22 patients who&#xD;
        received lidocaine injection treatment were randomly selected as controls. Patients were&#xD;
        evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Short Form (SF-36) scales, which were&#xD;
        completed before and 3 weeks after the treatment.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by the presence of&#xD;
        trigger points in muscles and fascia in various parts of the body. Myofascial pain syndrome&#xD;
        is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in adults, and its prevalence varies&#xD;
        between 30-93%. Patients have symptoms such as pain (local or referred), loss of muscle&#xD;
        strength, stiffness, and restriction of range of motion. Although the etiology of myofascial&#xD;
        pain syndrome is not well understood, causes such as posture disorder, trauma, and ergonomic&#xD;
        problems appear as etiology. Simon criteria are often used in the diagnosis. Apart from this,&#xD;
        anamnesis and detailed physical examination are important in the diagnosis of MPS.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Dry needling is a treatment method which uses needles similar to those used in acupuncture,&#xD;
        without any injectable drug to myofascial trigger points. Dry needling shows its effect&#xD;
        through the exposure to various chemical mediators. The observation of a local course&#xD;
        response in dry needling shows that the treatment is effective. Side effects such as&#xD;
        bleeding, localized pain, vasovagal syncope, and rarely pneumothorax may occur during the&#xD;
        treatment of dry needling.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Lidocaine injection and Dry needling are different applications that injectable drugs are not&#xD;
        use in dry needling. Lidocain injection applied by giving a local anesthetic substance on the&#xD;
        trigger point. It has been reported in the conducted studies that it has a similar effect as&#xD;
        dry needling and that local pain is less common after injection.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Kinesiotaping (KT) is a treatment method developed by Dr. Kenzo Kase, which has been&#xD;
        initially applied in the treatment of pain, and its use has become widespread in recent&#xD;
        years. KT tape is a thin and flexible tape that allows joint movements. KT tape is widely&#xD;
        used in the treatment of pain relief, muscle relaxation, edema reducement, improvement of&#xD;
        muscle strength, and posture correction. Although the exact mechanism of KT is not well&#xD;
        known, it is believed to cause a decrease in nociceptor pressure, create a space in the&#xD;
        subcutaneous area, convenience in the removal of chemical mediators from the tissue, and also&#xD;
        stimulation of somotosensory and proprioceptive mechanisms.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        In our study, investigators aimed to compare the effectiveness of non-invasive KT on&#xD;
        myofascial pain syndrome treatment with invasive treatment methods such as dry needling and&#xD;
        lidocaine injections. The investigators hypothesized, that the effect of kinesiotherapy have&#xD;
        similar results compared to the invasiv treatment methods in the management of MPS.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        After IRB approval and informed consent by all patients were obtained, investigators&#xD;
        performed this retrospective study. Instutional review board was obtained by the ethics&#xD;
        committee of Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital (Number: 018.07.2.03.057.r1.071). All&#xD;
        patients between 18-70 years who were diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome in the upper&#xD;
        trapezius muscle between January 2017 to December 2018 at investigator 's institution were&#xD;
        enrolled in this study. According to the power analysis result, 22 patients files were&#xD;
        randomly selected among the patients received KT (group 1) using the coin method, and 22&#xD;
        files were randomly selected from the files of patients receiving dry needling (group 2) and&#xD;
        lidocaine injection (group 3) treatment in the same way. There were no differences between&#xD;
        the age and gender distributions of all 3 selected groups. Patients, who have received&#xD;
        conventional physical therapy in the last 6 months, diagnosed with fibromyalgia or&#xD;
        fibromyalgia treatment, with a history of neurological disease, malignancy, cervical disc&#xD;
        hernia, and who have undergone surgical intervention in the shoulder or neck region or who&#xD;
        have received treatment for the diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome in the last year were&#xD;
        excluded from our study.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        All 3 treatment modalities were applied to the patients by the same physician. KT treatment&#xD;
        was performed using the pain inhibition technique for KT treatment recipients in group 1&#xD;
        (n=22). A total of 3 sessions, one week apart, were applied to the patients using the&#xD;
        application of KinesioTex Gold Band. Patients received the treatment in a sitting position.&#xD;
        The application was performed while the patients were in the sitting position with the neck&#xD;
        in lateral flexion and rotation to the contralateral side. Two 15 cm and 20 cm bands were&#xD;
        used in the application, respectively. The first band origin was adhered to the acromion,&#xD;
        maximum tension was applied to the first 5-6 cm of tape. Tension was not applied to the rest&#xD;
        of the band. The second band was cut in a Y-shape. The application's origin was acromion. The&#xD;
        upper part of the Y legs of the tape was applied to the C7 spinosus process and the lower&#xD;
        part was applied to the T12 region. Maximum stress was applied to both ends of the tape.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The patients in group 2 who underwent dry needling were applied with 0.25x25 mm sterile&#xD;
        acupuncture needles after cleaning the skin with alcohol while in a sitting position. The&#xD;
        pistoning was performed on the trigger points in a radial manner and until the local twitch&#xD;
        response was obtained. The needles were left in the pistoning area for another 10 minutes&#xD;
        after the twitch response was obtained.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The pistoning was made to the patients in Group 3, sitting in an upright position. 2%&#xD;
        lidocaine was injected with 26 Gauchl 0.45x13 mm disposable sterile needles into 3 trigger&#xD;
        points where the pain was most felt, after sterilizing the skin with a local antiseptic.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        All three groups underwent trapeze stretching exercises and were not given any medical&#xD;
        treatment.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        All patients were evaluated with VAS and SF-36 form before and 3 weeks after treatment. The&#xD;
        VAS scale is a pain scale with marked 0-10 areas. Zero represents the absence of pain, while&#xD;
        10 represents very severe pain. The SF-36 form consists of 36 items to evaluate the daily&#xD;
        life activities of the patients. It is used to evaluate many daily life functions such as&#xD;
        general health status, physical condition, social status, emotional state. A high SF-36 score&#xD;
        is one of the indicators of well-being in health.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">January 1, 2017</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Actual">August 1, 2019</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Actual">January 1, 2019</primary_completion_date>
    <study_type>Observational</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <observational_model>Other</observational_model>
      <time_perspective>Retrospective</time_perspective>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Visual Analog Scala (VAS)</measure>
      <time_frame>All patients were evaluated with VAS and SF-36 form before and 3 weeks after treatment.</time_frame>
      <description>The VAS scale is a pain scale with marked 0-10 areas. Zero represents the absence of pain, while 10 represents very severe pain.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Short form-36 (SF-36)</measure>
      <time_frame>All patients were evaluated with VAS and SF-36 form before and 3 weeks after treatment.</time_frame>
      <description>The SF-36 form consists of 36 items to evaluate the daily life activities of the patients. It is used to evaluate many daily life functions such as general health status, physical condition, social status, emotional state. A high SF-36 score is one of the indicators of well-being in health.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <number_of_groups>3</number_of_groups>
    <enrollment type="Actual">66</enrollment>
    <condition>Myofascial Pain Syndrome</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Group 1</arm_group_label>
      <description>Kinesiotherapy</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Group 2</arm_group_label>
      <description>Dry needling</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Group 3</arm_group_label>
      <description>Lidocain injection</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>kinesiotherapy</intervention_name>
      <description>Group 1: Kinesiotherapy Group 2: Dry needling Group 3: lidocain injection</description>
      <arm_group_label>Group 1</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>dry needling</other_name>
      <other_name>lidocain injection</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <study_pop>
        <textblock>
          All patients between 18-70 years who were diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome in the&#xD;
          upper trapezius muscle between January 2017 to December 2018 at our institution were&#xD;
          enrolled in this study. According to the power analysis result, 22 patients files were&#xD;
          randomly selected among the patients received KT (group 1) using the coin method, and 22&#xD;
          files were randomly selected from the files of patients receiving dry needling (group 2)&#xD;
          and lidocaine injection (group 3) treatment in the same way.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </study_pop>
      <sampling_method>Probability Sample</sampling_method>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Beetween the age of 18-70&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Presence of myofascial pain syndrome in the upper trapezius muscle&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Received conventional physical therapy in the last 6 months&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Diagnosed with fibromyalgia or fibromyalgia treatment&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  History of neurological disease, malignancy, cervical disc hernia&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Undergone surgical intervention in the shoulder or neck region&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Received treatment for the diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome in the last year&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>70 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Seher Kara, MD</last_name>
      <role>Study Director</role>
      <affiliation>Gaziosmapaşa Training and Research Hospital</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <reference>
      <citation>Dogan N, Sengul I, Akcay-Yalbuzdag S, Kaya T. Kinesio taping versus dry needling in the treatment of myofascial pain of the upper trapezius muscle: A randomized, single blind (evaluator), prospective study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2019;32(5):819-827. doi: 10.3233/BMR-181162.</citation>
      <PMID>30883331</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Ay S, Konak HE, Evcik D, Kibar S. The effectiveness of Kinesio Taping on pain and disability in cervical myofascial pain syndrome. Rev Bras Reumatol Engl Ed. 2017 Mar-Apr;57(2):93-99. doi: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.03.012. Epub 2016 May 10. English, Portuguese.</citation>
      <PMID>28343625</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Albagieh H, Aloyouny A, Alshehri N, Alsammahi N, Almutrafi D, Hadlaq E. Efficacy of lidocaine versus mepivacaine in the management of myofascial pain. Saudi Pharm J. 2020 Oct;28(10):1238-1242. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.014. Epub 2020 Aug 28.</citation>
      <PMID>33132718</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Raeissadat SA, Rayegani SM, Sadeghi F, Rahimi-Dehgolan S. Comparison of ozone and lidocaine injection efficacy vs dry needling in myofascial pain syndrome patients. J Pain Res. 2018 Jun 29;11:1273-1279. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S164629. eCollection 2018.</citation>
      <PMID>29988746</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Kalichman L, Vulfsons S. Dry needling in the management of musculoskeletal pain. J Am Board Fam Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;23(5):640-6. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2010.05.090296.</citation>
      <PMID>20823359</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Gerber LH, Shah J, Rosenberger W, Armstrong K, Turo D, Otto P, Heimur J, Thaker N, Sikdar S. Dry Needling Alters Trigger Points in the Upper Trapezius Muscle and Reduces Pain in Subjects With Chronic Myofascial Pain. PM R. 2015 Jul;7(7):711-718. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.020. Epub 2015 Feb 4.</citation>
      <PMID>25661462</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Ghasemi M, Mosaffa F, Hoseini B, Behnaz F. Comparison of the Effect of Bicarbonate, Hyaluronidase, and Lidocaine Injection on Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Anesth Pain Med. 2020 Jun 23;10(3):e101037. doi: 10.5812/aapm.101037. eCollection 2020 Jun.</citation>
      <PMID>32944559</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Fricton J. Myofascial Pain: Mechanisms to Management. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2016 Aug;28(3):289-311. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2016.03.010.</citation>
      <PMID>27475508</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Shah JP, Thaker N, Heimur J, Aredo JV, Sikdar S, Gerber L. Myofascial Trigger Points Then and Now: A Historical and Scientific Perspective. PM R. 2015 Jul;7(7):746-761. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.024. Epub 2015 Feb 24.</citation>
      <PMID>25724849</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Fleckenstein J, Zaps D, Ruger LJ, Lehmeyer L, Freiberg F, Lang PM, Irnich D. Discrepancy between prevalence and perceived effectiveness of treatment methods in myofascial pain syndrome: results of a cross-sectional, nationwide survey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Feb 11;11:32. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-32.</citation>
      <PMID>20149248</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Onat SS, Polat CS, Bicer S, Sahin Z, Tasoglu O. Effect of Dry Needling Injection and Kinesiotaping on Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with Mechanical Neck Pain. Pain Physician. 2019 Nov;22(6):583-589.</citation>
      <PMID>31775405</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Ozturk G, Kulcu DG, Mesci N, Silte AD, Aydog E. Efficacy of kinesio tape application on pain and muscle strength in patients with myofascial pain syndrome: a placebo-controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Apr;28(4):1074-9. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1074. Epub 2016 Apr 28.</citation>
      <PMID>27190430</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Yilmaz N, Erdal A, Demir O. A comparison of dry needling and kinesiotaping therapies in myofascial pain syndrome: A randomized clinical study. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 Aug 18;66(3):351-359. doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2020.3917. eCollection 2020 Sep.</citation>
      <PMID>33089092</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Noguera-Iturbe Y, Martinez-Gramage J, Montanez-Aguilera FJ, Casana J, Lison JF. Short-Term Effects of Kinesio Taping in the Treatment of Latent and Active Upper Trapezius Trigger Points: two Prospective, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trials. Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 9;9(1):14478. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51146-4.</citation>
      <PMID>31597934</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 22, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 26, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 31, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 26, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 26, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 31, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Bursa City Hospital</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Sezin Solum</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>MD; Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Specialist Physician</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>myofascial pain syndrome</keyword>
    <keyword>dry needling</keyword>
    <keyword>kinesiotherapy</keyword>
    <keyword>lidocain injection</keyword>
    <keyword>quality of life</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Myofascial Pain Syndromes</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Fibromyalgia</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Syndrome</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Somatoform Disorders</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <intervention_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Lidocaine</mesh_term>
    </intervention_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06018675
  org study id: 9999999993
  nct id: NCT06018675
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by the presence of
        trigger points in muscles and fascia in various parts of the body. Due to the pain, it has
        negative effects on function, restricting movements and daily life activities. Several
        invasive and non-invasive methods with proven effectiveness are described in the management
        of myofascial pain syndrome. In this study, investigators aimed to compare the effect of
        kinesiotaping with dry needling and lidocaine injection treatment. İnvestigators
        hypothesized, that the effect of kinesiotaping have similar results compared to the invasiv
        treatment methods in the treatment of MPS.
  
        Sixty-six patients diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome in the upper trapezius were
        included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups. Twenty-two
        patients were randomly selected among patients who received kinesiotaping treatment (n:22).
        Twenty-two patients who received dry needling treatment (group 2) and 22 patients who
        received lidocaine injection treatment were randomly selected as controls. Patients were
        evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Short Form (SF-36) scales, which were
        completed before and 3 weeks after the treatment.
  Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by the presence of
        trigger points in muscles and fascia in various parts of the body. Myofascial pain syndrome
        is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in adults, and its prevalence varies
        between 30-93%. Patients have symptoms such as pain (local or referred), loss of muscle
        strength, stiffness, and restriction of range of motion. Although the etiology of myofascial
        pain syndrome is not well understood, causes such as posture disorder, trauma, and ergonomic
        problems appear as etiology. Simon criteria are often used in the diagnosis. Apart from this,
        anamnesis and detailed physical examination are important in the diagnosis of MPS.
  
        Dry needling is a treatment method which uses needles similar to those used in acupuncture,
        without any injectable drug to myofascial trigger points. Dry needling shows its effect
        through the exposure to various chemical mediators. The observation of a local course
        response in dry needling shows that the treatment is effective. Side effects such as
        bleeding, localized pain, vasovagal syncope, and rarely pneumothorax may occur during the
        treatment of dry needling.
  
        Lidocaine injection and Dry needling are different applications that injectable drugs are not
        use in dry needling. Lidocain injection applied by giving a local anesthetic substance on the
        trigger point. It has been reported in the conducted studies that it has a similar effect as
        dry needling and that local pain is less common after injection.
  
        Kinesiotaping (KT) is a treatment method developed by Dr. Kenzo Kase, which has been
        initially applied in the treatment of pain, and its use has become widespread in recent
        years. KT tape is a thin and flexible tape that allows joint movements. KT tape is widely
        used in the treatment of pain relief, muscle relaxation, edema reducement, improvement of
        muscle strength, and posture correction. Although the exact mechanism of KT is not well
        known, it is believed to cause a decrease in nociceptor pressure, create a space in the
        subcutaneous area, convenience in the removal of chemical mediators from the tissue, and also
        stimulation of somotosensory and proprioceptive mechanisms.
  
        In our study, investigators aimed to compare the effectiveness of non-invasive KT on
        myofascial pain syndrome treatment with invasive treatment methods such as dry needling and
        lidocaine injections. The investigators hypothesized, that the effect of kinesiotherapy have
        similar results compared to the invasiv treatment methods in the management of MPS.
  
        After IRB approval and informed consent by all patients were obtained, investigators
        performed this retrospective study. Instutional review board was obtained by the ethics
        committee of Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital (Number: 018.07.2.03.057.r1.071). All
        patients between 18-70 years who were diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome in the upper
        trapezius muscle between January 2017 to December 2018 at investigator 's institution were
        enrolled in this study. According to the power analysis result, 22 patients files were
        randomly selected among the patients received KT (group 1) using the coin method, and 22
        files were randomly selected from the files of patients receiving dry needling (group 2) and
        lidocaine injection (group 3) treatment in the same way. There were no differences between
        the age and gender distributions of all 3 selected groups. Patients, who have received
        conventional physical therapy in the last 6 months, diagnosed with fibromyalgia or
        fibromyalgia treatment, with a history of neurological disease, malignancy, cervical disc
        hernia, and who have undergone surgical intervention in the shoulder or neck region or who
        have received treatment for the diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome in the last year were
        excluded from our study.
  
        All 3 treatment modalities were applied to the patients by the same physician. KT treatment
        was performed using the pain inhibition technique for KT treatment recipients in group 1
        (n=22). A total of 3 sessions, one week apart, were applied to the patients using the
        application of KinesioTex Gold Band. Patients received the treatment in a sitting position.
        The application was performed while the patients were in the sitting position with the neck
        in lateral flexion and rotation to the contralateral side. Two 15 cm and 20 cm bands were
        used in the application, respectively. The first band origin was adhered to the acromion,
        maximum tension was applied to the first 5-6 cm of tape. Tension was not applied to the rest
        of the band. The second band was cut in a Y-shape. The application's origin was acromion. The
        upper part of the Y legs of the tape was applied to the C7 spinosus process and the lower
        part was applied to the T12 region. Maximum stress was applied to both ends of the tape.
  
        The patients in group 2 who underwent dry needling were applied with 0.25x25 mm sterile
        acupuncture needles after cleaning the skin with alcohol while in a sitting position. The
        pistoning was performed on the trigger points in a radial manner and until the local twitch
        response was obtained. The needles were left in the pistoning area for another 10 minutes
        after the twitch response was obtained.
  
        The pistoning was made to the patients in Group 3, sitting in an upright position. 2%
        lidocaine was injected with 26 Gauchl 0.45x13 mm disposable sterile needles into 3 trigger
        points where the pain was most felt, after sterilizing the skin with a local antiseptic.
  
        All three groups underwent trapeze stretching exercises and were not given any medical
        treatment.
  
        All patients were evaluated with VAS and SF-36 form before and 3 weeks after treatment. The
        VAS scale is a pain scale with marked 0-10 areas. Zero represents the absence of pain, while
        10 represents very severe pain. The SF-36 form consists of 36 items to evaluate the daily
        life activities of the patients. It is used to evaluate many daily life functions such as
        general health status, physical condition, social status, emotional state. A high SF-36 score
        is one of the indicators of well-being in health.
  observational model: Other
  time perspective: Retrospective
  measure: Visual Analog Scala (VAS)
  time frame: All patients were evaluated with VAS and SF-36 form before and 3 weeks after treatment.
  description: The VAS scale is a pain scale with marked 0-10 areas. Zero represents the absence of pain, while 10 represents very severe pain.
  measure: Short form-36 (SF-36)
  time frame: All patients were evaluated with VAS and SF-36 form before and 3 weeks after treatment.
  description: The SF-36 form consists of 36 items to evaluate the daily life activities of the patients. It is used to evaluate many daily life functions such as general health status, physical condition, social status, emotional state. A high SF-36 score is one of the indicators of well-being in health.
  arm group label: Group 1
  description: Kinesiotherapy
  arm group label: Group 2
  description: Dry needling
  arm group label: Group 3
  description: Lidocain injection
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: kinesiotherapy
  description: Group 1: Kinesiotherapy Group 2: Dry needling Group 3: lidocain injection
  arm group label: Group 1
  other name: dry needling
  other name: lidocain injection
  study pop: 
  sampling method: Probability Sample
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 70 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Seher Kara, MD
  role: Study Director
  affiliation: Gaziosmapaşa Training and Research Hospital
  citation: Dogan N, Sengul I, Akcay-Yalbuzdag S, Kaya T. Kinesio taping versus dry needling in the treatment of myofascial pain of the upper trapezius muscle: A randomized, single blind (evaluator), prospective study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2019;32(5):819-827. doi: 10.3233/BMR-181162.
  PMID: 30883331
  citation: Ay S, Konak HE, Evcik D, Kibar S. The effectiveness of Kinesio Taping on pain and disability in cervical myofascial pain syndrome. Rev Bras Reumatol Engl Ed. 2017 Mar-Apr;57(2):93-99. doi: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.03.012. Epub 2016 May 10. English, Portuguese.
  PMID: 28343625
  citation: Albagieh H, Aloyouny A, Alshehri N, Alsammahi N, Almutrafi D, Hadlaq E. Efficacy of lidocaine versus mepivacaine in the management of myofascial pain. Saudi Pharm J. 2020 Oct;28(10):1238-1242. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.014. Epub 2020 Aug 28.
  PMID: 33132718
  citation: Raeissadat SA, Rayegani SM, Sadeghi F, Rahimi-Dehgolan S. Comparison of ozone and lidocaine injection efficacy vs dry needling in myofascial pain syndrome patients. J Pain Res. 2018 Jun 29;11:1273-1279. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S164629. eCollection 2018.
  PMID: 29988746
  citation: Kalichman L, Vulfsons S. Dry needling in the management of musculoskeletal pain. J Am Board Fam Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;23(5):640-6. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2010.05.090296.
  PMID: 20823359
  citation: Gerber LH, Shah J, Rosenberger W, Armstrong K, Turo D, Otto P, Heimur J, Thaker N, Sikdar S. Dry Needling Alters Trigger Points in the Upper Trapezius Muscle and Reduces Pain in Subjects With Chronic Myofascial Pain. PM R. 2015 Jul;7(7):711-718. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.020. Epub 2015 Feb 4.
  PMID: 25661462
  citation: Ghasemi M, Mosaffa F, Hoseini B, Behnaz F. Comparison of the Effect of Bicarbonate, Hyaluronidase, and Lidocaine Injection on Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Anesth Pain Med. 2020 Jun 23;10(3):e101037. doi: 10.5812/aapm.101037. eCollection 2020 Jun.
  PMID: 32944559
  citation: Fricton J. Myofascial Pain: Mechanisms to Management. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2016 Aug;28(3):289-311. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2016.03.010.
  PMID: 27475508
  citation: Shah JP, Thaker N, Heimur J, Aredo JV, Sikdar S, Gerber L. Myofascial Trigger Points Then and Now: A Historical and Scientific Perspective. PM R. 2015 Jul;7(7):746-761. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.024. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
  PMID: 25724849
  citation: Fleckenstein J, Zaps D, Ruger LJ, Lehmeyer L, Freiberg F, Lang PM, Irnich D. Discrepancy between prevalence and perceived effectiveness of treatment methods in myofascial pain syndrome: results of a cross-sectional, nationwide survey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Feb 11;11:32. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-32.
  PMID: 20149248
  citation: Onat SS, Polat CS, Bicer S, Sahin Z, Tasoglu O. Effect of Dry Needling Injection and Kinesiotaping on Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with Mechanical Neck Pain. Pain Physician. 2019 Nov;22(6):583-589.
  PMID: 31775405
  citation: Ozturk G, Kulcu DG, Mesci N, Silte AD, Aydog E. Efficacy of kinesio tape application on pain and muscle strength in patients with myofascial pain syndrome: a placebo-controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Apr;28(4):1074-9. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1074. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
  PMID: 27190430
  citation: Yilmaz N, Erdal A, Demir O. A comparison of dry needling and kinesiotaping therapies in myofascial pain syndrome: A randomized clinical study. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 Aug 18;66(3):351-359. doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2020.3917. eCollection 2020 Sep.
  PMID: 33089092
  citation: Noguera-Iturbe Y, Martinez-Gramage J, Montanez-Aguilera FJ, Casana J, Lison JF. Short-Term Effects of Kinesio Taping in the Treatment of Latent and Active Upper Trapezius Trigger Points: two Prospective, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trials. Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 9;9(1):14478. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51146-4.
  PMID: 31597934
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Bursa City Hospital
  investigator full name: Sezin Solum
  investigator title: MD; Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Specialist Physician
  mesh term: Myofascial Pain Syndromes
  mesh term: Fibromyalgia
  mesh term: Syndrome
  mesh term: Somatoform Disorders
  mesh term: Lidocaine
  sharing ipd: Undecided