xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06029946</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>Elastography and DWI thyroid</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06029946</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>B-mode Ultrasound, Sono-Elastography, and Diffusion-weighted Imaging MRI in Thyroid Nodules</brief_title>
    <official_title>Comparative Study of B-mode Ultrasound, Sono-Elastography, and Diffusion-weighted Imaging MRI in the Characterization of Thyroid Nodules</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Assiut University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Assiut University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        To compare the accuracy of the conventional Ultrasound 'TI-RADS', US elastography, DWI MRI,&#xD;
        and its ADC value in characterization and differentiation of thyroid nodules.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Thyroid nodules are one of the most common endocrine carcinomata (1) Most thyroid tumors have&#xD;
        a good prognosis if early diagnosis and timely treated (2) An Ultrasound (US) exam is a safe,&#xD;
        non-invasive imaging technique for detecting thyroid nodules (3) However, still there are no&#xD;
        dependable criteria to discriminate malignant from benign lesions. (4) In 2009, Horvath et al&#xD;
        proposed the Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System (TI-RADS). The new version of TI-RADS was&#xD;
        launched by ACR in 2017. (5) Color Doppler ultrasound is also used to differentiate benign&#xD;
        from malignant thyroid nodules. The presence of intra-nodular vascularity (Type 1b) was&#xD;
        considered close to be malignant (6) US elastography is a novel tool to increase the&#xD;
        diagnostic value of Ultrasound and as an adjuvant tool (7) Shear wave elastography evaluates&#xD;
        elasticity through the propagation speed of shear waves, with the wave speed being faster in&#xD;
        hard tissue (8) Conventional T1-and T2-weighted MR imaging can-not differentiate benign from&#xD;
        malignant nodules (9) Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a non-invasive tool used to&#xD;
        distinguish benign from malignant nodules (10). Malignant thyroid nodules usually have a&#xD;
        lower ADC value attributed to cellular density and tissue perfusion. (11) Combining&#xD;
        subjective MRI features with a quantitative measurement could improve the diagnostic yield of&#xD;
        DW-MRI (12) The cytological examination by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has become a reliable&#xD;
        tool to diagnose thyroid cancers (2) Suspicious cytological findings reach up to 30% of all&#xD;
        aspirated nodules, suggesting the need for less invasive methods (13)&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">September 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">September 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <study_type>Observational</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <observational_model>Cohort</observational_model>
      <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>compare findings of ultrasound, elastography values , ADC value with the gold standard (biopsy results)</measure>
      <time_frame>1 year</time_frame>
      <description>To assess concordance of US suspicious features, US elastography results , MRI DWI, ADC value results, and the gold standard US-guided FNAB and ability to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Apply ADC value Cut-off level to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules</measure>
      <time_frame>1 year</time_frame>
      <description>compare ADC value of benign and malignant nodules to obtain a cutoff level</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Apply US shear elastography parameters Cut-off levels to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules.</measure>
      <time_frame>1 year</time_frame>
      <description>compare also benign and malignant nodules qualitative and quantitative elastography results.&#xD;
  qualitative measurement is defined as :each nodule was assigned an elasticity score based on the color pattern type according to the classification proposed by Ueno classification method (color coded map) ranging from blue to green colors. hard nodules on the map appears as blue color and soft nodules appears as red color.&#xD;
  Quantitative assessment of the velocity of US wave propagation through tissue. measurement units are: kilopascal (Kpa), and shear wave velocity (m/sec).</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Compare individual specific US features with the Gold standard US-guided FNAB which is more important.</measure>
      <time_frame>1 year</time_frame>
      <description>which is the most suspicious feature in ulrasound.&#xD;
  The five Ultrasound suspicious features are:&#xD;
  predominantly Solid nodule.&#xD;
  Marked hypoechogenicity.&#xD;
  Microlobulated or irregular margins.&#xD;
  Micro-Calcifications.&#xD;
  Taller-than-wide in shape with a ratio ≥ 1.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Study role of color doppler in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules</measure>
      <time_frame>1 year</time_frame>
      <description>which pattern of color doppler study is the most suspicious:&#xD;
  Classified into 4 groups:&#xD;
  0= Avascular.&#xD;
  1a= Peri-nodular vascularity.&#xD;
  1b= Intra-nodular vascularity.&#xD;
  1c= Peri-nodular and intranodular vascularity.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Compare the added value of combining different modalities, which have the higher sensitivity and specificity in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules</measure>
      <time_frame>1 year</time_frame>
      <description>combination of different imaging modalities which will have the best sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">50</enrollment>
    <condition>Thyroid Nodule</condition>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Diagnostic Test</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>elastography, ultrasound</intervention_name>
      <description>First local anesthesia with lidocaine 2%, then 3 smears will be obtained for each nodule using a 20-22 gauge needle, multiple passes within the lesion will be made to obtain sufficient cells, the aspirate will be spread over a glass, fixed with ethanol 95% and submitted to the pathology department to be reported.</description>
      <other_name>MRI and fine needle biopsy</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <study_pop>
        <textblock>
          Study will include patients referred to the radiology department at Assuit university&#xD;
          presented with clinically thyroid-related neck swelling&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </study_pop>
      <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients should have a normal bleeding profile.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Presence of solitary or multiple nodules in the thyroid gland.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  In the case of patients having multiple nodules, the nodule having suspicious&#xD;
               ultrasound features (having TI-RADS score 4 or 5) was selected for further analysis.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  The nodules were either solid or mixed (containing both solid and cystic parts) with a&#xD;
               predominant solid component&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Contraindicated biopsy (as thrombocytopenia or bleeding disorder).&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patient with cystic and mainly cystic nodules (TI-RADS 1 nodules).&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Nodules with complete shell-calcification which may cause color mapping artifacts.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  MRI contraindications such as Claustrophobia, MR-incompatible pacemakers, and&#xD;
               MR-incompatible prosthetic heart valves.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with recurrent thyroid masses.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  History of operative procedure, chemo, or radiotherapy on the thyroid gland.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Declined consent.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>N/A</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>noha mohamed ali, assistant professor</last_name>
      <role>Study Chair</role>
      <affiliation>nohamohamedali@yahoo.com</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>sami Abdel_Aziz Khalil, professor</last_name>
      <role>Study Director</role>
      <affiliation>samyKhalil24@gmail.com</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>salma ahmed ragheb, assistant lecturer</last_name>
      <phone>01025656052</phone>
      <email>salmarageb3456@gmail.com</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <overall_contact_backup>
      <last_name>Mona Gouda Maghrabi, lecturer</last_name>
      <phone>01062307637</phone>
      <email>Mona.gouda@medicine.luxor.edu.eg</email>
    </overall_contact_backup>
    <link>
      <url>https://ejrnm.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43055-021-00474-5#citeas</url>
      <description>Conventional ultrasound, color Doppler, TI-RADS, and shear wave elastography for thyroid nodule differentiation: a study of efficacy compared with the histopathology results</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://ejrnm.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43055-021-00640-9</url>
      <description>Diagnostic accuracy of B-mode ultrasound, ultrasound elastography and diffusion weighted MRI in differentiation of thyroid nodules (prospective study)</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://www.medicaljournalofcairouniversity.net/index.php/2014-10-21-22-15-18/med-j-cairo-univ-vol-88-2020/116-vol-88-december-2020/4790-diffusion-weighted-magnetic-resonance-imaging-in-differentiation-of-benign-and-malignant-thyroid-nodules</url>
      <description>DIFFUSION WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN DIFFERENTIATION OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT THYROID NODULES</description>
    </link>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Qin P, Wu K, Hu Y, Zeng J, Chai X. Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules Using Combined Conventional Ultrasound and Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2020 Apr;24(4):1028-1036. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2019.2950994. Epub 2019 Nov 4.</citation>
      <PMID>31689223</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Wu Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Shen J, Wang Y, Yi X, Hu B. The value of conventional sonography and ultrasound elastography in decision-making for thyroid nodules in different categories of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2020;74(3):255-266. doi: 10.3233/CH-180533. Erratum In: Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2020;75(2):255.</citation>
      <PMID>31683465</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Floridi C, Cellina M, Buccimazza G, Arrichiello A, Sacrini A, Arrigoni F, Pompili G, Barile A, Carrafiello G. Ultrasound imaging classifications of thyroid nodules for malignancy risk stratification and clinical management: state of the art. Gland Surg. 2019 Sep;8(Suppl 3):S233-S244. doi: 10.21037/gs.2019.07.01.</citation>
      <PMID>31559190</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Zhang WB, Li JJ, Chen XY, He BL, Shen RH, Liu H, Chen J, He XF. SWE combined with ACR TI-RADS categories for malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules with indeterminate FNA cytology. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2020;76(3):381-390. doi: 10.3233/CH-200893.</citation>
      <PMID>32675401</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Swan KZ, Bonnema SJ, Jespersen ML, Nielsen VE. Reappraisal of shear wave elastography as a diagnostic tool for identifying thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Connect. 2019 Aug;8(8):1195-1205. doi: 10.1530/EC-19-0324.</citation>
      <PMID>31340198</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Kwak JY, Kim EK. Ultrasound elastography for thyroid nodules: recent advances. Ultrasonography. 2014 Apr;33(2):75-82. doi: 10.14366/usg.13025. Epub 2014 Feb 26.</citation>
      <PMID>24936499</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Wang H, Wei R, Liu W, Chen Y, Song B. Diagnostic efficacy of multiple MRI parameters in differentiating benign vs. malignant thyroid nodules. BMC Med Imaging. 2018 Dec 3;18(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12880-018-0294-0.</citation>
      <PMID>30509198</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Gorgulu FF. Which Is the Best Reference Tissue for Strain Elastography in Predicting Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules, the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle or the Thyroid Parenchyma? J Ultrasound Med. 2019 Nov;38(11):3053-3064. doi: 10.1002/jum.15013. Epub 2019 Apr 29.</citation>
      <PMID>31037753</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Cantisani V, David E, Grazhdani H, Rubini A, Radzina M, Dietrich CF, Durante C, Lamartina L, Grani G, Valeria A, Bosco D, Di Gioia C, Frattaroli FM, D'Andrea V, De Vito C, Fresilli D, D'Ambrosio F, Giacomelli L, Catalano C. Prospective Evaluation of Semiquantitative Strain Ratio and Quantitative 2D Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) in Association with TIRADS Classification for Thyroid Nodule Characterization. Ultraschall Med. 2019 Aug;40(4):495-503. doi: 10.1055/a-0853-1821. Epub 2019 May 28.</citation>
      <PMID>31137050</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Aghaghazvini L, Maheronnaghsh R, Soltani A, Rouzrokh P, Chavoshi M. Diagnostic value of shear wave sonoelastography in differentiation of benign from malignant thyroid nodules. Eur J Radiol. 2020 May;126:108926. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.108926. Epub 2020 Mar 3.</citation>
      <PMID>32171916</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <verification_date>September 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>January 23, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>September 1, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 8, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>September 1, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>September 1, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 8, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Assiut University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Salma Ahmed Ragheb</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>assistant lecturer, Luxor university</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Elastography</keyword>
    <keyword>DWI thyroid</keyword>
    <keyword>Thyroid Ultrasound</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Thyroid Nodule</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Thyroid Diseases</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06029946
  org study id: Elastography and DWI thyroid
  nct id: NCT06029946
  lead sponsor: 
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  To compare the accuracy of the conventional Ultrasound 'TI-RADS', US elastography, DWI MRI,
        and its ADC value in characterization and differentiation of thyroid nodules.
  Thyroid nodules are one of the most common endocrine carcinomata (1) Most thyroid tumors have
        a good prognosis if early diagnosis and timely treated (2) An Ultrasound (US) exam is a safe,
        non-invasive imaging technique for detecting thyroid nodules (3) However, still there are no
        dependable criteria to discriminate malignant from benign lesions. (4) In 2009, Horvath et al
        proposed the Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System (TI-RADS). The new version of TI-RADS was
        launched by ACR in 2017. (5) Color Doppler ultrasound is also used to differentiate benign
        from malignant thyroid nodules. The presence of intra-nodular vascularity (Type 1b) was
        considered close to be malignant (6) US elastography is a novel tool to increase the
        diagnostic value of Ultrasound and as an adjuvant tool (7) Shear wave elastography evaluates
        elasticity through the propagation speed of shear waves, with the wave speed being faster in
        hard tissue (8) Conventional T1-and T2-weighted MR imaging can-not differentiate benign from
        malignant nodules (9) Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a non-invasive tool used to
        distinguish benign from malignant nodules (10). Malignant thyroid nodules usually have a
        lower ADC value attributed to cellular density and tissue perfusion. (11) Combining
        subjective MRI features with a quantitative measurement could improve the diagnostic yield of
        DW-MRI (12) The cytological examination by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has become a reliable
        tool to diagnose thyroid cancers (2) Suspicious cytological findings reach up to 30% of all
        aspirated nodules, suggesting the need for less invasive methods (13)
  observational model: Cohort
  time perspective: Prospective
  measure: compare findings of ultrasound, elastography values , ADC value with the gold standard (biopsy results)
  time frame: 1 year
  description: To assess concordance of US suspicious features, US elastography results , MRI DWI, ADC value results, and the gold standard US-guided FNAB and ability to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules.
  measure: Apply ADC value Cut-off level to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules
  time frame: 1 year
  description: compare ADC value of benign and malignant nodules to obtain a cutoff level
  measure: Apply US shear elastography parameters Cut-off levels to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules.
  time frame: 1 year
  description: compare also benign and malignant nodules qualitative and quantitative elastography results.
  qualitative measurement is defined as :each nodule was assigned an elasticity score based on the color pattern type according to the classification proposed by Ueno classification method (color coded map) ranging from blue to green colors. hard nodules on the map appears as blue color and soft nodules appears as red color.
  Quantitative assessment of the velocity of US wave propagation through tissue. measurement units are: kilopascal (Kpa), and shear wave velocity (m/sec).
  measure: Compare individual specific US features with the Gold standard US-guided FNAB which is more important.
  time frame: 1 year
  description: which is the most suspicious feature in ulrasound.
  The five Ultrasound suspicious features are:
  predominantly Solid nodule.
  Marked hypoechogenicity.
  Microlobulated or irregular margins.
  Micro-Calcifications.
  Taller-than-wide in shape with a ratio ≥ 1.
  measure: Study role of color doppler in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules
  time frame: 1 year
  description: which pattern of color doppler study is the most suspicious:
  Classified into 4 groups:
  0= Avascular.
  1a= Peri-nodular vascularity.
  1b= Intra-nodular vascularity.
  1c= Peri-nodular and intranodular vascularity.
  measure: Compare the added value of combining different modalities, which have the higher sensitivity and specificity in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules
  time frame: 1 year
  description: combination of different imaging modalities which will have the best sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules
  intervention type: Diagnostic Test
  intervention name: elastography, ultrasound
  description: First local anesthesia with lidocaine 2%, then 3 smears will be obtained for each nodule using a 20-22 gauge needle, multiple passes within the lesion will be made to obtain sufficient cells, the aspirate will be spread over a glass, fixed with ethanol 95% and submitted to the pathology department to be reported.
  other name: MRI and fine needle biopsy
  study pop: 
  sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: N/A
  maximum age: N/A
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: noha mohamed ali, assistant professor
  role: Study Chair
  affiliation: nohamohamedali@yahoo.com
  last name: sami Abdel_Aziz Khalil, professor
  role: Study Director
  affiliation: samyKhalil24@gmail.com
  last name: salma ahmed ragheb, assistant lecturer
  phone: 01025656052
  email: salmarageb3456@gmail.com
  last name: Mona Gouda Maghrabi, lecturer
  phone: 01062307637
  email: Mona.gouda@medicine.luxor.edu.eg
  url: https://ejrnm.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43055-021-00474-5#citeas
  description: Conventional ultrasound, color Doppler, TI-RADS, and shear wave elastography for thyroid nodule differentiation: a study of efficacy compared with the histopathology results
  url: https://ejrnm.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43055-021-00640-9
  description: Diagnostic accuracy of B-mode ultrasound, ultrasound elastography and diffusion weighted MRI in differentiation of thyroid nodules (prospective study)
  url: https://www.medicaljournalofcairouniversity.net/index.php/2014-10-21-22-15-18/med-j-cairo-univ-vol-88-2020/116-vol-88-december-2020/4790-diffusion-weighted-magnetic-resonance-imaging-in-differentiation-of-benign-and-malignant-thyroid-nodules
  description: DIFFUSION WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN DIFFERENTIATION OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT THYROID NODULES
  citation: Qin P, Wu K, Hu Y, Zeng J, Chai X. Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules Using Combined Conventional Ultrasound and Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2020 Apr;24(4):1028-1036. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2019.2950994. Epub 2019 Nov 4.
  PMID: 31689223
  citation: Wu Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Shen J, Wang Y, Yi X, Hu B. The value of conventional sonography and ultrasound elastography in decision-making for thyroid nodules in different categories of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2020;74(3):255-266. doi: 10.3233/CH-180533. Erratum In: Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2020;75(2):255.
  PMID: 31683465
  citation: Floridi C, Cellina M, Buccimazza G, Arrichiello A, Sacrini A, Arrigoni F, Pompili G, Barile A, Carrafiello G. Ultrasound imaging classifications of thyroid nodules for malignancy risk stratification and clinical management: state of the art. Gland Surg. 2019 Sep;8(Suppl 3):S233-S244. doi: 10.21037/gs.2019.07.01.
  PMID: 31559190
  citation: Zhang WB, Li JJ, Chen XY, He BL, Shen RH, Liu H, Chen J, He XF. SWE combined with ACR TI-RADS categories for malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules with indeterminate FNA cytology. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2020;76(3):381-390. doi: 10.3233/CH-200893.
  PMID: 32675401
  citation: Swan KZ, Bonnema SJ, Jespersen ML, Nielsen VE. Reappraisal of shear wave elastography as a diagnostic tool for identifying thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Connect. 2019 Aug;8(8):1195-1205. doi: 10.1530/EC-19-0324.
  PMID: 31340198
  citation: Kwak JY, Kim EK. Ultrasound elastography for thyroid nodules: recent advances. Ultrasonography. 2014 Apr;33(2):75-82. doi: 10.14366/usg.13025. Epub 2014 Feb 26.
  PMID: 24936499
  citation: Wang H, Wei R, Liu W, Chen Y, Song B. Diagnostic efficacy of multiple MRI parameters in differentiating benign vs. malignant thyroid nodules. BMC Med Imaging. 2018 Dec 3;18(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12880-018-0294-0.
  PMID: 30509198
  citation: Gorgulu FF. Which Is the Best Reference Tissue for Strain Elastography in Predicting Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules, the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle or the Thyroid Parenchyma? J Ultrasound Med. 2019 Nov;38(11):3053-3064. doi: 10.1002/jum.15013. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
  PMID: 31037753
  citation: Cantisani V, David E, Grazhdani H, Rubini A, Radzina M, Dietrich CF, Durante C, Lamartina L, Grani G, Valeria A, Bosco D, Di Gioia C, Frattaroli FM, D'Andrea V, De Vito C, Fresilli D, D'Ambrosio F, Giacomelli L, Catalano C. Prospective Evaluation of Semiquantitative Strain Ratio and Quantitative 2D Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) in Association with TIRADS Classification for Thyroid Nodule Characterization. Ultraschall Med. 2019 Aug;40(4):495-503. doi: 10.1055/a-0853-1821. Epub 2019 May 28.
  PMID: 31137050
  citation: Aghaghazvini L, Maheronnaghsh R, Soltani A, Rouzrokh P, Chavoshi M. Diagnostic value of shear wave sonoelastography in differentiation of benign from malignant thyroid nodules. Eur J Radiol. 2020 May;126:108926. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.108926. Epub 2020 Mar 3.
  PMID: 32171916
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Assiut University
  investigator full name: Salma Ahmed Ragheb
  investigator title: assistant lecturer, Luxor university
  mesh term: Thyroid Nodule
  mesh term: Thyroid Diseases