xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06002867</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>2022/16-03</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06002867</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Serratus Anterior Plan Block and Postoperative Pain in Patients Who Underwent Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery</brief_title>
    <official_title>Investigation of the Effect of Serratus Anterior Plan Block on Postoperative Pain in Patients Who Underwent Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery.</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Acute postoperative pain is defined as sudden onset pain that develops after stimulation due&#xD;
        to surgical intervention. It is most severe in the first 24 hours after surgery and gradually&#xD;
        decreases in severity and creates dissatisfaction in the patient. Postoperative pain that&#xD;
        cannot be treated properly can cause various systemic effects, prolongation of hospital stay,&#xD;
        decrease in patients' quality of life, and development of chronic pain. An increase in blood&#xD;
        pressure, heart rate, cardiac irritability and systemic vascular resistance is observed with&#xD;
        the sympathetic response due to pain. Increased myocardial workload and oxygen consumption&#xD;
        may increase or trigger myocardial ischemia. Pulmonary dysfunction has an important place in&#xD;
        the determination of mortality and morbidity after surgery and anesthesia.Especially in&#xD;
        patients who have undergone thoracic surgery, pain limits the movements of the thoracic&#xD;
        muscles, reducing functional residual capacity and vital capacity.This causes the development&#xD;
        of atelectasis in the patient and the development of hypoxia and pneumonia due to the&#xD;
        deterioration of the ventilation/perfusion ratio. Effective analgesia can be achieved in the&#xD;
        postoperative period by administering a certain volume of local anesthetic between any two&#xD;
        muscle planes using USG. In SAPB, a local anesthetic is injected between the serratus&#xD;
        anterior muscle and the latissimus dorsi muscle to create sensory paresthesia in the thoracic&#xD;
        wall. It is known to reduce pain scores in the postoperative period.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Serratus anterior plane block is a safe facial plane block performed under USG&#xD;
        guidance.Depending on the application site of the block and the amount of local anesthetic&#xD;
        administered, different numbers of intercostal nerves, long thoracic nerves and thoracodorsal&#xD;
        nerves may be affected. The fact that Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is effective&#xD;
        between T2-T9 dermatomes enables it to be used effectively in lateral thoracic wall&#xD;
        surgeries.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Patients between the ages of 18-65 who will undergo minimally invasive cardiac surgery under&#xD;
        elective conditions will be included in the study.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Patients will be randomized. The patients will be included in the study after they are&#xD;
        informed about the study and their consent is obtained with the patient consent form. Patient&#xD;
        groups will be divided into two groups as SAPB Group (n=20) and Control Group (n=20). All&#xD;
        patients will be intubated with a double lumen endotracheal intubation tube in accordance&#xD;
        with general anesthesia rules. Patients' age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI),&#xD;
        additional disease, surgery, medications used, Ejection/Fraction, platelet count (x10/L),&#xD;
        cardiopulmonary bypass time (min), aortic cross clamp time (min) , intraoperative&#xD;
        remifentanil amount (mcq), intraoperative morphine dose (0.1 mg/kg), postoperative extubation&#xD;
        time (min), post extubation, 1. hour, 2nd hour, 4th hour, 8th hour, 12th hour, 24th hour NRS&#xD;
        (Numerical Rating Scale) pain score (between 0 and 10, no pain at 0, maximum pain at 10),&#xD;
        extubation after, 1st hour, 2nd hour, 4th hour, 8th hour, 12th hour, 24th hour morphine&#xD;
        consumption (Patient Controlled Analgesia), how many additional doses paracetamol was&#xD;
        administered, how many additional doses were administered, additional analgesic need time&#xD;
        (minutes), postoperative hemodynamic monitoring, 1st hour, 2nd hour, 4th hour, 8th hour, 12th&#xD;
        hour, 24th hour PH, PO2 (oxygen pressure) ), MAP (mean arterial pressure), will be recorded.&#xD;
        In addition, nausea, vomiting, itching, constipation, and the duration of intensive care&#xD;
        hospitalization will also be recorded in the postoperative period. The patient will be told&#xD;
        to express the degree of postoperative pain using the numerical scoring scale (NRS) before&#xD;
        the operation. The patient will be informed about the PCA to be inserted in the postoperative&#xD;
        period. After the surgical procedure is completed, serratus anterior plane block will be&#xD;
        applied to the patients under the guidance of postoperative USG. After the surgery, the&#xD;
        patients will be transferred to the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Serratus Anterior Plan (SAP) Block:&#xD;
  &#xD;
        After the operation is completed, the block operation will be performed while intubated. The&#xD;
        patient will be in the supine position.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The area where the procedure will be performed will be cleaned with povidone iodine. With a&#xD;
        high frequency (10-18 MHz) ultrasound linear probe covered with a sterile sheath, using the&#xD;
        'in plane' technique using a 22-gauge, 80 mm insulated Quincke type needle, midaxillary line&#xD;
        with the latissimus dorsi muscle and serratus at the level of the 4th and 5th ribs. After&#xD;
        determining the fascia between the two muscles by imaging the muscle, the block needle will&#xD;
        be advanced from caudal to cranial and 40 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected on the&#xD;
        serratus muscle between the two muscles. No block will be applied to the control group. Only&#xD;
        the PCA (Patient Control Analgesia) drug with Morphine will be used.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        In the intensive care unit, the patients will be extubated after respiratory effort appears,&#xD;
        when the patient is awake, blood gas values are within the normal range, body temperature is&#xD;
        normal, and hemodynamically stable. When NRS is &gt;3-4, patients will be instructed to press&#xD;
        the PCA device. If the patient's consciousness and hemodynamic status do not allow for pain&#xD;
        assessment, the patient will be excluded from the study.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">September 1, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">March 1, 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">January 1, 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>Grup SAPB&#xD;
  Grup Control</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Double (Care Provider, Investigator)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Morphine consumption by PCA (Patient Control Analgesia)</measure>
      <time_frame>The change from baseline in the postoperative period at the 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24th hour after extubation</time_frame>
      <description>Morphine consumption used in case of pain</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>pain (NRS)score</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from baseline of NRS Score at 1,2, 4,,8, 12 and 24 hours after being extubated will be recorded.</time_frame>
      <description>Change from baseline NRS Score. from 1 to 10 , 0: No pain, 10: 10 pain that can not be</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>PH</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from baseline of PH at the 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24th hour after extubation</time_frame>
      <description>PH change after extubation</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>PO2</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from baseline of PO2 at the 1, 2,4 , 8, 12 and 24th hour after extubation</time_frame>
      <description>PO2 change after extubation</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from baseline of MAP at the 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24th hour after extubation</time_frame>
      <description>MAP change after extubation</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>PCO2</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from baseline of PCO2 change at the 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24th hour after extubation</time_frame>
      <description>PCO2 change after extubation</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">40</enrollment>
    <condition>Morphine Consumption</condition>
    <condition>Pain</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Group SAPB (Serratus anterior plane block)</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>Active Comparator: Group SAPB (Serratus anterior plane block) After the operation is completed, the block operation will be performed while intubated. The patient will be in the supine position.&#xD;
  The area where the procedure will be performed will be cleaned with povidone iodine.&#xD;
  The latissimus dorsi muscle and the serratus muscle will be visualized at the level of the 4th and 5th ribs using a 22-gauge, 80 mm insulated Quincke type needle with the 'in plane' technique, accompanied by a high frequency (10-18 MHz) ultrasound linear probe covered with a sterile sheath. .&#xD;
  After the fascia between the two muscles is fixed, the block needle will be advanced from caudal to cranial and 40 ml (20 ml local anesthetic + 20 ml saline) 0.25% local anesthetic will be injected on the serratus muscle between the two muscles.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Group Control</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
      <description>The action will not be applied</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>SAPB (Serratus Anterior Plan) Block</intervention_name>
      <description>The patient will be in the supine position. The area where the procedure will be performed will be cleaned with povidone iodine. Using a 22-gauge, 80 mm insulated Quincke needle with a high frequency (10-18 MHz) ultrasound linear probe covered with a sterile sheath, the latissimus dorsi muscle and the serratus muscle will be visualized at the level of the 4th and 5th ribs. After determining the fascia between the two muscles, the block needle will be advanced from caudal to cranial and 40 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine (local anesthetic) will be injected on the serratus muscle between the two muscles.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Group SAPB (Serratus anterior plane block)</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Between the ages of 18-65,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Coronary artery patients with normal left ventricular function and scheduled for&#xD;
               elective coronary artery bypass surgery,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Valve diseases for which elective valve replacement is planned with normal left&#xD;
               ventricular function,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Cases of ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) for atrial septal defect closure&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients who will have elective valve + coronary artery bypass without left&#xD;
               ventricular dysfunction and patients who volunteer to participate in the study,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  No coagulation disorder&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with a platelet count of more than 100,000,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with good mental status,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with an ejection difference value (E/F) above 50% will be included in the&#xD;
               study.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Cases that will require emergency and repeat heart surgery,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  With advanced left coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Receiving preoperative inotropic support therapy for any reason,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Mitral stenosis with atrial thrombus,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with low cardiac out put syndrome and E/F below 50%,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients who need intra-aortic balloon pump during surgery,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with bleeding and coagulation disorders,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with hepatic and renal dysfunction,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary&#xD;
               Disease,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients allergic to opioids, analgesics and bupivacaine,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with atrial fibrillation using anticoagulants,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with cognitive dysfunction&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients who do not want to participate in the study will be excluded from the study.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>65 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Yavuz Orak</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Bölümü</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Yavuz Orak</last_name>
      <phone>05324717056</phone>
      <email>dryavuzorak@hotmail.com</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <overall_contact_backup>
      <last_name>Metin Ege</last_name>
      <phone>05464337183</phone>
      <email>metinege1994@hotmail.com</email>
    </overall_contact_backup>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine</name>
        <address>
          <city>Kahramanmaraş</city>
          <zip>46040</zip>
          <country>Turkey</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
      <status>Recruiting</status>
      <contact>
        <last_name>Yavuz Orak, MD,PhD</last_name>
        <phone>05324717056</phone>
        <email>dryavuzorak@hotmail.com</email>
      </contact>
      <contact_backup>
        <last_name>Metin Ege</last_name>
        <phone>0 546 433 71 83</phone>
        <email>metinege1994@hotmail.com</email>
      </contact_backup>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Turkey</country>
    </location_countries>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>May 31, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 18, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 21, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 18, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 18, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 21, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Yavuz Orak</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Associate professor</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Serratus anterior plan block</keyword>
    <keyword>Postoperative Pain</keyword>
    <keyword>Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Pain, Postoperative</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06002867
  org study id: 2022/16-03
  nct id: NCT06002867
  lead sponsor: 
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  Acute postoperative pain is defined as sudden onset pain that develops after stimulation due
        to surgical intervention. It is most severe in the first 24 hours after surgery and gradually
        decreases in severity and creates dissatisfaction in the patient. Postoperative pain that
        cannot be treated properly can cause various systemic effects, prolongation of hospital stay,
        decrease in patients' quality of life, and development of chronic pain. An increase in blood
        pressure, heart rate, cardiac irritability and systemic vascular resistance is observed with
        the sympathetic response due to pain. Increased myocardial workload and oxygen consumption
        may increase or trigger myocardial ischemia. Pulmonary dysfunction has an important place in
        the determination of mortality and morbidity after surgery and anesthesia.Especially in
        patients who have undergone thoracic surgery, pain limits the movements of the thoracic
        muscles, reducing functional residual capacity and vital capacity.This causes the development
        of atelectasis in the patient and the development of hypoxia and pneumonia due to the
        deterioration of the ventilation/perfusion ratio. Effective analgesia can be achieved in the
        postoperative period by administering a certain volume of local anesthetic between any two
        muscle planes using USG. In SAPB, a local anesthetic is injected between the serratus
        anterior muscle and the latissimus dorsi muscle to create sensory paresthesia in the thoracic
        wall. It is known to reduce pain scores in the postoperative period.
  
        Serratus anterior plane block is a safe facial plane block performed under USG
        guidance.Depending on the application site of the block and the amount of local anesthetic
        administered, different numbers of intercostal nerves, long thoracic nerves and thoracodorsal
        nerves may be affected. The fact that Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is effective
        between T2-T9 dermatomes enables it to be used effectively in lateral thoracic wall
        surgeries.
  Patients between the ages of 18-65 who will undergo minimally invasive cardiac surgery under
        elective conditions will be included in the study.
  
        Patients will be randomized. The patients will be included in the study after they are
        informed about the study and their consent is obtained with the patient consent form. Patient
        groups will be divided into two groups as SAPB Group (n=20) and Control Group (n=20). All
        patients will be intubated with a double lumen endotracheal intubation tube in accordance
        with general anesthesia rules. Patients' age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI),
        additional disease, surgery, medications used, Ejection/Fraction, platelet count (x10/L),
        cardiopulmonary bypass time (min), aortic cross clamp time (min) , intraoperative
        remifentanil amount (mcq), intraoperative morphine dose (0.1 mg/kg), postoperative extubation
        time (min), post extubation, 1. hour, 2nd hour, 4th hour, 8th hour, 12th hour, 24th hour NRS
        (Numerical Rating Scale) pain score (between 0 and 10, no pain at 0, maximum pain at 10),
        extubation after, 1st hour, 2nd hour, 4th hour, 8th hour, 12th hour, 24th hour morphine
        consumption (Patient Controlled Analgesia), how many additional doses paracetamol was
        administered, how many additional doses were administered, additional analgesic need time
        (minutes), postoperative hemodynamic monitoring, 1st hour, 2nd hour, 4th hour, 8th hour, 12th
        hour, 24th hour PH, PO2 (oxygen pressure) ), MAP (mean arterial pressure), will be recorded.
        In addition, nausea, vomiting, itching, constipation, and the duration of intensive care
        hospitalization will also be recorded in the postoperative period. The patient will be told
        to express the degree of postoperative pain using the numerical scoring scale (NRS) before
        the operation. The patient will be informed about the PCA to be inserted in the postoperative
        period. After the surgical procedure is completed, serratus anterior plane block will be
        applied to the patients under the guidance of postoperative USG. After the surgery, the
        patients will be transferred to the cardiovascular surgery intensive care unit.
  
        Serratus Anterior Plan (SAP) Block:
  
        After the operation is completed, the block operation will be performed while intubated. The
        patient will be in the supine position.
  
        The area where the procedure will be performed will be cleaned with povidone iodine. With a
        high frequency (10-18 MHz) ultrasound linear probe covered with a sterile sheath, using the
        'in plane' technique using a 22-gauge, 80 mm insulated Quincke type needle, midaxillary line
        with the latissimus dorsi muscle and serratus at the level of the 4th and 5th ribs. After
        determining the fascia between the two muscles by imaging the muscle, the block needle will
        be advanced from caudal to cranial and 40 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected on the
        serratus muscle between the two muscles. No block will be applied to the control group. Only
        the PCA (Patient Control Analgesia) drug with Morphine will be used.
  
        In the intensive care unit, the patients will be extubated after respiratory effort appears,
        when the patient is awake, blood gas values are within the normal range, body temperature is
        normal, and hemodynamically stable. When NRS is >3-4, patients will be instructed to press
        the PCA device. If the patient's consciousness and hemodynamic status do not allow for pain
        assessment, the patient will be excluded from the study.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  intervention model description: Grup SAPB
  Grup Control
  primary purpose: Supportive Care
  masking: Double (Care Provider, Investigator)
  measure: Morphine consumption by PCA (Patient Control Analgesia)
  time frame: The change from baseline in the postoperative period at the 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24th hour after extubation
  description: Morphine consumption used in case of pain
  measure: pain (NRS)score
  time frame: Change from baseline of NRS Score at 1,2, 4,,8, 12 and 24 hours after being extubated will be recorded.
  description: Change from baseline NRS Score. from 1 to 10 , 0: No pain, 10: 10 pain that can not be
  measure: PH
  time frame: Change from baseline of PH at the 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24th hour after extubation
  description: PH change after extubation
  measure: PO2
  time frame: Change from baseline of PO2 at the 1, 2,4 , 8, 12 and 24th hour after extubation
  description: PO2 change after extubation
  measure: Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
  time frame: Change from baseline of MAP at the 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24th hour after extubation
  description: MAP change after extubation
  measure: PCO2
  time frame: Change from baseline of PCO2 change at the 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24th hour after extubation
  description: PCO2 change after extubation
  arm group label: Group SAPB (Serratus anterior plane block)
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: Active Comparator: Group SAPB (Serratus anterior plane block) After the operation is completed, the block operation will be performed while intubated. The patient will be in the supine position.
  The area where the procedure will be performed will be cleaned with povidone iodine.
  The latissimus dorsi muscle and the serratus muscle will be visualized at the level of the 4th and 5th ribs using a 22-gauge, 80 mm insulated Quincke type needle with the 'in plane' technique, accompanied by a high frequency (10-18 MHz) ultrasound linear probe covered with a sterile sheath. .
  After the fascia between the two muscles is fixed, the block needle will be advanced from caudal to cranial and 40 ml (20 ml local anesthetic + 20 ml saline) 0.25% local anesthetic will be injected on the serratus muscle between the two muscles.
  arm group label: Group Control
  arm group type: No Intervention
  description: The action will not be applied
  intervention type: Procedure
  intervention name: SAPB (Serratus Anterior Plan) Block
  description: The patient will be in the supine position. The area where the procedure will be performed will be cleaned with povidone iodine. Using a 22-gauge, 80 mm insulated Quincke needle with a high frequency (10-18 MHz) ultrasound linear probe covered with a sterile sheath, the latissimus dorsi muscle and the serratus muscle will be visualized at the level of the 4th and 5th ribs. After determining the fascia between the two muscles, the block needle will be advanced from caudal to cranial and 40 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine (local anesthetic) will be injected on the serratus muscle between the two muscles.
  arm group label: Group SAPB (Serratus anterior plane block)
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 65 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Yavuz Orak
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Bölümü
  last name: Yavuz Orak
  phone: 05324717056
  email: dryavuzorak@hotmail.com
  last name: Metin Ege
  phone: 05464337183
  email: metinege1994@hotmail.com
  facility: 
  status: Recruiting
  contact: 
  contact backup: 
  country: Turkey
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
  investigator full name: Yavuz Orak
  investigator title: Associate professor
  mesh term: Pain, Postoperative
  sharing ipd: No