xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06017986</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>21-1052</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06017986</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>The Effect of Processing on Food Reward</brief_title>
    <acronym>PFR</acronym>
    <official_title>Metabolic and Physiological Effects of Processing on Food Reward Encoding</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The minimally processed diets of our ancestors have been rapidly replaced by UPFs driving&#xD;
        poor diet to become the leading risk factor for preventable death globally. Hence, it is&#xD;
        essential to understand what properties of UPF are driving their overconsumption to reduce&#xD;
        diet-related mortality. To address this gap in knowledge this proposal will test:&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  If UPFs have a greater post meal metabolic response when compared to MPFs an essential&#xD;
             signal for food reward&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  Through the use of an auction task paradigm if UPFs overvalued and if this value is&#xD;
             differentially encoded in the brain This study is a fully cross-over design in that each&#xD;
             participant receives all conditions and therefore serves as their own control. All&#xD;
             orders of foods will be counterbalanced. Although participants cannot be blinded to the&#xD;
             conditions as they must be aware of the foods they are eating, they will not be made&#xD;
             aware that the key manipulation is food processing. On different days participants will&#xD;
             come to the lab and consume a meal containing either minimally or ultra-processed foods&#xD;
             as determined by the widely used NOVA (not an acronym) scale. These conditions will be&#xD;
             consumed in a whole room metabolic chamber allowing for simultaneous measurement of&#xD;
             multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). These measures will&#xD;
             be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after&#xD;
             consumption (post-prandial). All participants will also undergo a&#xD;
             Becker-Degroot-Marschak auction paradigm that consists of foods that are either&#xD;
             minimally or Ultra-processed in the MRI scanner. Food value will be measure in&#xD;
             participants' willingness to pay for each food and Neural responses will be measured&#xD;
             during presentation of the food cues.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">July 1, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">July 1, 2026</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">July 1, 2025</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Basic Science</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Blood glucose response to level of food processing</measure>
      <time_frame>Immediately post intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Blood glucose concentration will be assessed at baseline and at set time points for 3 hours after consumption of each condition on different days.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Blood insulin response to level of food processing</measure>
      <time_frame>Immediately post intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Blood insulin concentration will be assessed at baseline and at set time points for 3 hours after consumption of each condition on different days.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Energy expenditure in response to level of food processing</measure>
      <time_frame>Immediately post intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Whole room indirect calorimetry will be used to determine energy expenditure at baseline (for 45 minutes) and for 3 hours after consumption of each condition on different days.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Respiratory exchange ratio in response to level of food processing</measure>
      <time_frame>Immediately post intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Whole room indirect calorimetry will be used to determine respiratory exchange ratio at baseline (for 45 minutes) and for 3 hours after consumption of each condition on different days.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Substrate oxidation in response to level of food processing</measure>
      <time_frame>Immediately post intervention</time_frame>
      <description>Whole room indirect calorimetry will be used to determine substrate oxidation at baseline (for 45 minutes) and for 3 hours after consumption of each condition on different days.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Effect of food processing on food value and encoding</measure>
      <time_frame>through study completion, an average of 3 weeks</time_frame>
      <description>A food picture set of 28 that are matched on 23 visual, perceptual, and nutritional properties but vary on degree of NOVA food processing level will be used in a Becker-Degroot-Marschak auction paradigm to assess participants' brain reward response for each food.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>6</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">74</enrollment>
    <condition>Metabolic Diseases</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of ultra-processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of ultra-processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF3</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of ultra-processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of minimally processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of minimally processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF3</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of minimally processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Ultra-processed food - Picture Set Meal</intervention_name>
      <description>A meal containing ultra-processed foods derived from the picture set used in the Becker-Degroot-Marschak auction paradigm.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF3</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF3</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Ultra-processed food - Additives Meal</intervention_name>
      <description>A meal containing ultra-processed foods that very on degree of additives.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF3</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF3</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Ultra-processed food - Ingredients Meal</intervention_name>
      <description>a meal containing ultra-processed foods that very on degree of processing but not ingredients.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF3</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF3</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Minimally Processed Food - Picture Set Meal</intervention_name>
      <description>a meal containing minimally processed foods derived from the picture set used in the Becker-Degroot-Marschak auction paradigm.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF3</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF3</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Minimally Processed Food - Additives Meal</intervention_name>
      <description>A meal containing minimally processed foods that very on degree of additives.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF3</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF3</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Minimally Processed Food - Ingredients Meal</intervention_name>
      <description>A meal containing minimally processed foods that very on degree of processing but not ingredients.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: MPF3</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF1</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF2</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Stimulus: UPF3</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  BMI between 18.5-24.9 kg/m2&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Not pregnant or planning to become pregnant during study participation Residing in the&#xD;
               Roanoke area and/or willing/able to attend sessions at the Fralin Biomedical Research&#xD;
               Institute&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Able to speak and write in English&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Participants must be able to see a computer display clearly with or without vision&#xD;
               correction (eyeglasses, contacts).&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Claustrophobia (this would make lying in an MRI scanner or indirect calorimetry canopy&#xD;
               very uncomfortable).&#xD;
  &#xD;
               2. History of head injury resulting in loss of consciousness for more than 10 minutes&#xD;
               3. Current or past diagnosis of diabetes or metabolic disorder (thyroid disease, etc.)&#xD;
               4. Contraindications to MRI: Individuals with pacemaker, aneurysm clips,&#xD;
               neurostimulators, cochlear implants, metal in eyes, steel worker, or other implants.&#xD;
  &#xD;
               5. History of alcohol or drug dependence 6. Active neurologic disorder 8. Diagnosed&#xD;
               eating disorder 9. Food allergies or restrictive diet&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>45 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Alexandra G DiFeliceantonio, PhD</last_name>
      <phone>5405262285</phone>
      <email>dife@vt.edu</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <overall_contact_backup>
      <last_name>Zach Hutelin</last_name>
      <email>hutelin@vt.edu</email>
    </overall_contact_backup>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC</name>
        <address>
          <city>Roanoke</city>
          <state>Virginia</state>
          <zip>24016</zip>
          <country>United States</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
      <status>Recruiting</status>
      <contact>
        <last_name>Alexandra G DiFeliceantonio, PhD</last_name>
        <phone>540-526-2285</phone>
        <email>dife@vt.edu</email>
      </contact>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>United States</country>
    </location_countries>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 1, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 24, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 30, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 24, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 24, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 30, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Alexandra DiFeliceantonio</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Assistant Professor</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Metabolic Diseases</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06017986
  org study id: 21-1052
  nct id: NCT06017986
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  The minimally processed diets of our ancestors have been rapidly replaced by UPFs driving
        poor diet to become the leading risk factor for preventable death globally. Hence, it is
        essential to understand what properties of UPF are driving their overconsumption to reduce
        diet-related mortality. To address this gap in knowledge this proposal will test:
  
          -  If UPFs have a greater post meal metabolic response when compared to MPFs an essential
             signal for food reward
  
          -  Through the use of an auction task paradigm if UPFs overvalued and if this value is
             differentially encoded in the brain This study is a fully cross-over design in that each
             participant receives all conditions and therefore serves as their own control. All
             orders of foods will be counterbalanced. Although participants cannot be blinded to the
             conditions as they must be aware of the foods they are eating, they will not be made
             aware that the key manipulation is food processing. On different days participants will
             come to the lab and consume a meal containing either minimally or ultra-processed foods
             as determined by the widely used NOVA (not an acronym) scale. These conditions will be
             consumed in a whole room metabolic chamber allowing for simultaneous measurement of
             multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). These measures will
             be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after
             consumption (post-prandial). All participants will also undergo a
             Becker-Degroot-Marschak auction paradigm that consists of foods that are either
             minimally or Ultra-processed in the MRI scanner. Food value will be measure in
             participants' willingness to pay for each food and Neural responses will be measured
             during presentation of the food cues.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Crossover Assignment
  primary purpose: Basic Science
  masking: Single (Participant)
  measure: Blood glucose response to level of food processing
  time frame: Immediately post intervention
  description: Blood glucose concentration will be assessed at baseline and at set time points for 3 hours after consumption of each condition on different days.
  measure: Blood insulin response to level of food processing
  time frame: Immediately post intervention
  description: Blood insulin concentration will be assessed at baseline and at set time points for 3 hours after consumption of each condition on different days.
  measure: Energy expenditure in response to level of food processing
  time frame: Immediately post intervention
  description: Whole room indirect calorimetry will be used to determine energy expenditure at baseline (for 45 minutes) and for 3 hours after consumption of each condition on different days.
  measure: Respiratory exchange ratio in response to level of food processing
  time frame: Immediately post intervention
  description: Whole room indirect calorimetry will be used to determine respiratory exchange ratio at baseline (for 45 minutes) and for 3 hours after consumption of each condition on different days.
  measure: Substrate oxidation in response to level of food processing
  time frame: Immediately post intervention
  description: Whole room indirect calorimetry will be used to determine substrate oxidation at baseline (for 45 minutes) and for 3 hours after consumption of each condition on different days.
  measure: Effect of food processing on food value and encoding
  time frame: through study completion, an average of 3 weeks
  description: A food picture set of 28 that are matched on 23 visual, perceptual, and nutritional properties but vary on degree of NOVA food processing level will be used in a Becker-Degroot-Marschak auction paradigm to assess participants' brain reward response for each food.
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF1
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of ultra-processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF2
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of ultra-processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF3
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of ultra-processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF1
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of minimally processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF2
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of minimally processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF3
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: In a whole room metabolic chamber participants will consume a ~300 kcal meal consisting of minimally processed foods as determined by the widely used NOVA scale. The whole room metabolic chamber will allow for collection of simultaneous measurement of multiple metabolic responses (glucose, insulin, and metabolic rate). Measures will be collected for 45 min before consumption of the meal (baseline) and for 3 hours after consumption (post-prandial).
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Ultra-processed food - Picture Set Meal
  description: A meal containing ultra-processed foods derived from the picture set used in the Becker-Degroot-Marschak auction paradigm.
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF3
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF3
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Ultra-processed food - Additives Meal
  description: A meal containing ultra-processed foods that very on degree of additives.
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF3
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF3
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Ultra-processed food - Ingredients Meal
  description: a meal containing ultra-processed foods that very on degree of processing but not ingredients.
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF3
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF3
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Minimally Processed Food - Picture Set Meal
  description: a meal containing minimally processed foods derived from the picture set used in the Becker-Degroot-Marschak auction paradigm.
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF3
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF3
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Minimally Processed Food - Additives Meal
  description: A meal containing minimally processed foods that very on degree of additives.
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF3
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF3
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Minimally Processed Food - Ingredients Meal
  description: A meal containing minimally processed foods that very on degree of processing but not ingredients.
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: MPF3
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF1
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF2
  arm group label: Stimulus: UPF3
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 45 Years
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  last name: Alexandra G DiFeliceantonio, PhD
  phone: 5405262285
  email: dife@vt.edu
  last name: Zach Hutelin
  email: hutelin@vt.edu
  facility: 
  status: Recruiting
  contact: 
  country: United States
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
  investigator full name: Alexandra DiFeliceantonio
  investigator title: Assistant Professor
  mesh term: Metabolic Diseases
  sharing ipd: No