xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06039657</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>GO16/82</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06039657</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Effectiveness of Scientific Exercise Approach to Scoliosis in Mild Idiopathic Scoliosis</brief_title>
    <official_title>Effectiveness of Scientific Exercise Approach to Scoliosis in Adolescents With Mild Idiopathic Scoliosis</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Hacettepe University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Hacettepe University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        İdiopathic scoliosis is a three dimensional deformity with lateral deviation and rotation of&#xD;
        the spine. In idiopathic scoliosis, scoliosis-specific exercises are utilized as a primary&#xD;
        treatment for moderate curves and as a supportive measure alongside bracing for more severe&#xD;
        curves. SEAS, which stands for Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis, refers to a&#xD;
        treatment approach developed as a scientific exercise methodology for scoliosis. This&#xD;
        approach aims to provide scoliosis-specific exercises and techniques to manage and&#xD;
        potentially improve the condition. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of SEAS&#xD;
        as a conservative treatment approach for mild AIS.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) constitutes a multifaceted distortion involving&#xD;
        three-dimensional structural curvature of the spine, accompanied by biomechanical alterations&#xD;
        that advance gradually, exerting an adverse influence on the quality of life related to&#xD;
        health in individuals ranging from 10 to 18 years of age. In idiopathic scoliosis, curvatures&#xD;
        ranging from 10 to 25 degrees are categorized as mild, while curvatures between 25 and 45&#xD;
        degrees are considered moderate, and those exceeding 45 degrees are classified as severe. For&#xD;
        mild scoliosis, scoliosis specific exercises are the main treatment method. SEAS (Scientific&#xD;
        Exercises Approach to Scoliosis), a specific type of scoliosis specific exercise program,&#xD;
        focuses on using scientific principles to address the unique needs of individuals with&#xD;
        scoliosis. It aims to improve posture, spinal alignment, and muscle balance through tailored&#xD;
        exercises. SEAS exercises involve three-dimensional spinal correction and are designed to&#xD;
        enhance neuromuscular control and proprioception in this corrective position. The available&#xD;
        research regarding SEAS in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is somewhat limited both in&#xD;
        terms of quantity and scope, underscoring the necessity for more comprehensive&#xD;
        investigations. Drawing from the existing literature landscape and the identified gaps, our&#xD;
        hypothesis centers on the notion that the incorporation of SEAS is poised to yield noteworthy&#xD;
        enhancements across various dimensions of AIS. Consequently, the primary objective of this&#xD;
        study was to assess the efficacy of SEAS training in ameliorating parameters such as Cobb&#xD;
        angle, axial trunk rotation, bodily aesthetics, and health-related quality of life in&#xD;
        individuals diagnosed with mild AIS. Patients in this study were treated using two different&#xD;
        protocols based on a shared decision-making model. Patients and their families were informed&#xD;
        about the pathology, history and progression risk of idiopathic scoliosis, as well as the&#xD;
        exercise options and expected outcomes. Consequently, every patient along with their parents&#xD;
        comprehensively grasped the significance of scoliosis-specific exercises in proactively&#xD;
        rectifying and maintaining their spinal alignment throughout diverse functional activities.&#xD;
        Patients who choose for exercise treatment underwent SEAS therapy, while those who declined&#xD;
        or were unable to participate in outpatient exercise programs received standard care.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">June 1, 2019</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Actual">March 30, 2023</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Actual">September 20, 2022</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Non-Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Cobb angle</measure>
      <time_frame>Measurements were performed at baseline and at the end of the one-year treatment period.</time_frame>
      <description>The Cobb angle was used to quantify the degree of spinal curvature in scoliosis, determined by the angle formed by lines drawn along the endplates of the vertebrae at the curve's apex and endpoints</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Axial trunk rotation</measure>
      <time_frame>Measurements were performed at baseline and at the end of the one-year treatment period.</time_frame>
      <description>Axial trunk rotation measurement in the Adams test was used to the assessment of the degree of rotation of the patient's trunk while they bend forward at the waist with their arms extended downward, helping to identify any asymmetry or abnormal spinal curvature associated with scoliosis.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ)</measure>
      <time_frame>Measurements were performed at baseline and at the end of the one-year treatment period.</time_frame>
      <description>The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire was used as a self-reporting assessment tool used in the evaluation of individuals with spinal deformities, particularly scoliosis. It consists of a series of questions or statements designed to gather information about the patient's perception of their spinal appearance, including factors like posture, symmetry, and body image, to help in treatment planning and assessing the impact of spinal deformities on their quality of life.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Scoliosis Research Questionnaire-22 (SRS-22)</measure>
      <time_frame>Measurements were performed at baseline and at the end of the one-year treatment period.</time_frame>
      <description>SRS-22 was used in the evaluation of patients with scoliosis or spinal deformities. It assesses the patient's health-related quality of life and function through a series of questions related to pain, function, self-image, and mental health.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Actual">32</enrollment>
    <condition>Scoliosis Idiopathic</condition>
    <condition>Exercise</condition>
    <condition>Quality of Life</condition>
    <condition>Treatment</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>SEAS group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>The SEAS therapy program comprised a one-year supervised exercise regimen. Supervised sessions were scheduled weekly for the initial month, bi-weekly for the second month, and monthly from the third to the sixth month. Thereafter, sessions were held bimonthly, each lasting one hour. Home exercises were designed to encompass 10-12 distinct exercises, with an approximate duration of 40-45 minutes per session</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Standard Care Group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>Standard care program aimed to provide patients with basic postural education and exercises in a single session, followed by one year of observation to ensure standard care.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>SEAS training</intervention_name>
      <description>Patients who opted to participate in the SEAS group underwent SEAS therapy. The SEAS therapy program initially comrised patient education and active self-correction. Subsequently, stabilization of active self correction was tried to be performed through various functional activities. These activities were selected from everyday life examples, with increasing levels of difficulty over time. With SEAS exercises, the activation of self-correction was aimed to be increased through various activities in sitting, standing and walking conditions, with the goal of correcting scoliosis in this way</description>
      <arm_group_label>SEAS group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Standard Care</intervention_name>
      <description>Patients who declined or were unable to participate in outpatient exercise programs received standard care. Standard care included exercises for postural re-education, traditional strengthening and stretching exercises for one session, followed by observation for one year.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Standard Care Group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS).&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  A Cobb angle measurement falling within the range of 12° to 25°.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients considered for the study were required to be within the age range of 10 to 16&#xD;
               years old.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  have a Risser score ranging from 0 to 4.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with a history of prior spine treatment, including surgery or conservative&#xD;
               treatment&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with a history of traumatic spinal injury&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Individuals with rheumatologic disorders, which affect the joints and connective&#xD;
               tissues&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with systemic disorders, which affect multiple organ systems in the body&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Those with neurologic disorders, impacting the nervous system&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Individuals with any other musculoskeletal disorders&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>10 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>16 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Halil Gokhan Demirkiran, Prof</last_name>
      <role>Study Director</role>
      <affiliation>Hacettepe University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Hacettepe University</name>
        <address>
          <city>Ankara</city>
          <state>Samanpazari</state>
          <zip>06100</zip>
          <country>Turkey</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Turkey</country>
    </location_countries>
    <reference>
      <citation>Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, Czaprowski D, Schreiber S, de Mauroy JC, Diers H, Grivas TB, Knott P, Kotwicki T, Lebel A, Marti C, Maruyama T, O'Brien J, Price N, Parent E, Rigo M, Romano M, Stikeleather L, Wynne J, Zaina F. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2018 Jan 10;13:3. doi: 10.1186/s13013-017-0145-8. eCollection 2018.</citation>
      <PMID>29435499</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Weinstein SL. The Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2019 Jul;39(Issue 6, Supplement 1 Suppl 1):S44-S46. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001350.</citation>
      <PMID>31169647</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Gamiz-Bermudez F, Obrero-Gaitan E, Zagalaz-Anula N, Lomas-Vega R. Corrective exercise-based therapy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2022 May;36(5):597-608. doi: 10.1177/02692155211070452. Epub 2021 Dec 28.</citation>
      <PMID>34962437</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Berdishevsky H, Lebel VA, Bettany-Saltikov J, Rigo M, Lebel A, Hennes A, Romano M, Bialek M, M'hango A, Betts T, de Mauroy JC, Durmala J. Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises - a comprehensive review of seven major schools. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2016 Aug 4;11:20. doi: 10.1186/s13013-016-0076-9. eCollection 2016.</citation>
      <PMID>27525315</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Romano M, Negrini A, Parzini S, Tavernaro M, Zaina F, Donzelli S, Negrini S. SEAS (Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis): a modern and effective evidence based approach to physiotherapic specific scoliosis exercises. Scoliosis. 2015 Feb 5;10:3. doi: 10.1186/s13013-014-0027-2. eCollection 2015.</citation>
      <PMID>25729406</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Sanders JO, Harrast JJ, Kuklo TR, Polly DW, Bridwell KH, Diab M, Dormans JP, Drummond DS, Emans JB, Johnston CE 2nd, Lenke LG, McCarthy RE, Newton PO, Richards BS, Sucato DJ; Spinal Deformity Study Group. The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire: results of reliability, validity, and responsiveness testing in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Nov 15;32(24):2719-22. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815a5959.</citation>
      <PMID>18007251</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Asher M, Min Lai S, Burton D, Manna B. Discrimination validity of the scoliosis research society-22 patient questionnaire: relationship to idiopathic scoliosis curve pattern and curve size. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Jan 1;28(1):74-8. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200301010-00017.</citation>
      <PMID>12544960</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Yagci G, Yakut Y. Core stabilization exercises versus scoliosis-specific exercises in moderate idiopathic scoliosis treatment. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2019 Jun;43(3):301-308. doi: 10.1177/0309364618820144. Epub 2019 Jan 10.</citation>
      <PMID>30628526</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>September 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>September 6, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>September 13, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 15, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>September 13, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>September 13, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 15, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Hacettepe University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Gözde Yagci (Gür)</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Assoc. Prof</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>scoliosis</keyword>
    <keyword>exercise therapy</keyword>
    <keyword>quality of life</keyword>
    <keyword>physical appearance</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Scoliosis</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06039657
  org study id: GO16/82
  nct id: NCT06039657
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  İdiopathic scoliosis is a three dimensional deformity with lateral deviation and rotation of
        the spine. In idiopathic scoliosis, scoliosis-specific exercises are utilized as a primary
        treatment for moderate curves and as a supportive measure alongside bracing for more severe
        curves. SEAS, which stands for Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis, refers to a
        treatment approach developed as a scientific exercise methodology for scoliosis. This
        approach aims to provide scoliosis-specific exercises and techniques to manage and
        potentially improve the condition. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of SEAS
        as a conservative treatment approach for mild AIS.
  Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) constitutes a multifaceted distortion involving
        three-dimensional structural curvature of the spine, accompanied by biomechanical alterations
        that advance gradually, exerting an adverse influence on the quality of life related to
        health in individuals ranging from 10 to 18 years of age. In idiopathic scoliosis, curvatures
        ranging from 10 to 25 degrees are categorized as mild, while curvatures between 25 and 45
        degrees are considered moderate, and those exceeding 45 degrees are classified as severe. For
        mild scoliosis, scoliosis specific exercises are the main treatment method. SEAS (Scientific
        Exercises Approach to Scoliosis), a specific type of scoliosis specific exercise program,
        focuses on using scientific principles to address the unique needs of individuals with
        scoliosis. It aims to improve posture, spinal alignment, and muscle balance through tailored
        exercises. SEAS exercises involve three-dimensional spinal correction and are designed to
        enhance neuromuscular control and proprioception in this corrective position. The available
        research regarding SEAS in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is somewhat limited both in
        terms of quantity and scope, underscoring the necessity for more comprehensive
        investigations. Drawing from the existing literature landscape and the identified gaps, our
        hypothesis centers on the notion that the incorporation of SEAS is poised to yield noteworthy
        enhancements across various dimensions of AIS. Consequently, the primary objective of this
        study was to assess the efficacy of SEAS training in ameliorating parameters such as Cobb
        angle, axial trunk rotation, bodily aesthetics, and health-related quality of life in
        individuals diagnosed with mild AIS. Patients in this study were treated using two different
        protocols based on a shared decision-making model. Patients and their families were informed
        about the pathology, history and progression risk of idiopathic scoliosis, as well as the
        exercise options and expected outcomes. Consequently, every patient along with their parents
        comprehensively grasped the significance of scoliosis-specific exercises in proactively
        rectifying and maintaining their spinal alignment throughout diverse functional activities.
        Patients who choose for exercise treatment underwent SEAS therapy, while those who declined
        or were unable to participate in outpatient exercise programs received standard care.
  allocation: Non-Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  primary purpose: Treatment
  masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
  measure: Cobb angle
  time frame: Measurements were performed at baseline and at the end of the one-year treatment period.
  description: The Cobb angle was used to quantify the degree of spinal curvature in scoliosis, determined by the angle formed by lines drawn along the endplates of the vertebrae at the curve's apex and endpoints
  measure: Axial trunk rotation
  time frame: Measurements were performed at baseline and at the end of the one-year treatment period.
  description: Axial trunk rotation measurement in the Adams test was used to the assessment of the degree of rotation of the patient's trunk while they bend forward at the waist with their arms extended downward, helping to identify any asymmetry or abnormal spinal curvature associated with scoliosis.
  measure: Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ)
  time frame: Measurements were performed at baseline and at the end of the one-year treatment period.
  description: The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire was used as a self-reporting assessment tool used in the evaluation of individuals with spinal deformities, particularly scoliosis. It consists of a series of questions or statements designed to gather information about the patient's perception of their spinal appearance, including factors like posture, symmetry, and body image, to help in treatment planning and assessing the impact of spinal deformities on their quality of life.
  measure: Scoliosis Research Questionnaire-22 (SRS-22)
  time frame: Measurements were performed at baseline and at the end of the one-year treatment period.
  description: SRS-22 was used in the evaluation of patients with scoliosis or spinal deformities. It assesses the patient's health-related quality of life and function through a series of questions related to pain, function, self-image, and mental health.
  arm group label: SEAS group
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: The SEAS therapy program comprised a one-year supervised exercise regimen. Supervised sessions were scheduled weekly for the initial month, bi-weekly for the second month, and monthly from the third to the sixth month. Thereafter, sessions were held bimonthly, each lasting one hour. Home exercises were designed to encompass 10-12 distinct exercises, with an approximate duration of 40-45 minutes per session
  arm group label: Standard Care Group
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: Standard care program aimed to provide patients with basic postural education and exercises in a single session, followed by one year of observation to ensure standard care.
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: SEAS training
  description: Patients who opted to participate in the SEAS group underwent SEAS therapy. The SEAS therapy program initially comrised patient education and active self-correction. Subsequently, stabilization of active self correction was tried to be performed through various functional activities. These activities were selected from everyday life examples, with increasing levels of difficulty over time. With SEAS exercises, the activation of self-correction was aimed to be increased through various activities in sitting, standing and walking conditions, with the goal of correcting scoliosis in this way
  arm group label: SEAS group
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Standard Care
  description: Patients who declined or were unable to participate in outpatient exercise programs received standard care. Standard care included exercises for postural re-education, traditional strengthening and stretching exercises for one session, followed by observation for one year.
  arm group label: Standard Care Group
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 10 Years
  maximum age: 16 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Halil Gokhan Demirkiran, Prof
  role: Study Director
  affiliation: Hacettepe University
  facility: 
  country: Turkey
  citation: Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, Czaprowski D, Schreiber S, de Mauroy JC, Diers H, Grivas TB, Knott P, Kotwicki T, Lebel A, Marti C, Maruyama T, O'Brien J, Price N, Parent E, Rigo M, Romano M, Stikeleather L, Wynne J, Zaina F. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2018 Jan 10;13:3. doi: 10.1186/s13013-017-0145-8. eCollection 2018.
  PMID: 29435499
  citation: Weinstein SL. The Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2019 Jul;39(Issue 6, Supplement 1 Suppl 1):S44-S46. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001350.
  PMID: 31169647
  citation: Gamiz-Bermudez F, Obrero-Gaitan E, Zagalaz-Anula N, Lomas-Vega R. Corrective exercise-based therapy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2022 May;36(5):597-608. doi: 10.1177/02692155211070452. Epub 2021 Dec 28.
  PMID: 34962437
  citation: Berdishevsky H, Lebel VA, Bettany-Saltikov J, Rigo M, Lebel A, Hennes A, Romano M, Bialek M, M'hango A, Betts T, de Mauroy JC, Durmala J. Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises - a comprehensive review of seven major schools. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2016 Aug 4;11:20. doi: 10.1186/s13013-016-0076-9. eCollection 2016.
  PMID: 27525315
  citation: Romano M, Negrini A, Parzini S, Tavernaro M, Zaina F, Donzelli S, Negrini S. SEAS (Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis): a modern and effective evidence based approach to physiotherapic specific scoliosis exercises. Scoliosis. 2015 Feb 5;10:3. doi: 10.1186/s13013-014-0027-2. eCollection 2015.
  PMID: 25729406
  citation: Sanders JO, Harrast JJ, Kuklo TR, Polly DW, Bridwell KH, Diab M, Dormans JP, Drummond DS, Emans JB, Johnston CE 2nd, Lenke LG, McCarthy RE, Newton PO, Richards BS, Sucato DJ; Spinal Deformity Study Group. The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire: results of reliability, validity, and responsiveness testing in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Nov 15;32(24):2719-22. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815a5959.
  PMID: 18007251
  citation: Asher M, Min Lai S, Burton D, Manna B. Discrimination validity of the scoliosis research society-22 patient questionnaire: relationship to idiopathic scoliosis curve pattern and curve size. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Jan 1;28(1):74-8. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200301010-00017.
  PMID: 12544960
  citation: Yagci G, Yakut Y. Core stabilization exercises versus scoliosis-specific exercises in moderate idiopathic scoliosis treatment. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2019 Jun;43(3):301-308. doi: 10.1177/0309364618820144. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
  PMID: 30628526
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Hacettepe University
  investigator full name: Gözde Yagci (Gür)
  investigator title: Assoc. Prof
  mesh term: Scoliosis
  sharing ipd: No