xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06010498</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>KutahyaHSU-NECIBE-DAGCAN-0002</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06010498</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>The Effect of Eye Mask Applied on Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery</brief_title>
    <official_title>The Effect of Eye Mask Applied on Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery on Sleep Quality and Pain: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Kutahya Health Sciences University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Kutahya Health Sciences University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Introduction: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) performed with open heart surgery technique&#xD;
        is a successful operation in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Incision of the&#xD;
        sternum region, saphenous vein graft, sternal retraction, presence of chest and mediastinal&#xD;
        tubes cause pain. The pain experienced by the patients, the complications related to the&#xD;
        disease they have, and the stress they experience cause an increase in sleep problems. In&#xD;
        addition, the increase in sympathetic activity after surgery and nursing care interventions&#xD;
        also affect sleep quality. The literature reports that sleep disorders affect the working&#xD;
        physiology of the heart in patients with cardiac disease, adversely affect heart health and&#xD;
        affect postoperative recovery. In addition, since sleep disorders are also associated with&#xD;
        cardiovascular diseases, it is of great importance to improve the sleep quality of this group&#xD;
        of patients. One of the non-pharmacological nursing interventions is the eye patch. The eye&#xD;
        patch is an instrument made of fabric, with an elastic strap, aimed at pure darkness by&#xD;
        diverting all light from the patient's eyes. The main physiological purpose of using an eye&#xD;
        patch is to adjust the hormones melatonin and cortisol, which affect the circadian rhythm. As&#xD;
        a result, it is thought that the eye patch will prevent patients from being exposed to&#xD;
        excessive light in the hospital environment, the regulation of hormones and sleep quality&#xD;
        will improve, and the pain will decrease.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of eye patch applied to patients&#xD;
        undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery on sleep quality and pain.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Method: Individuals who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery in accordance&#xD;
        with the sampling inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to the experimental and&#xD;
        control groups by block randomization. After determining the groups, each patient in the&#xD;
        experimental and control groups, whose written consent was obtained, will have the first&#xD;
        researcher fill out the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Richards-Campbell Sleep&#xD;
        Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale on the morning of the first night they spent in the&#xD;
        clinic.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Patients in the experimental group will be given the &quot;standard care&quot; and &quot;eye patch&quot;&#xD;
        application in the clinic on their 2nd and 3rd nights in the clinic. The patients in the&#xD;
        control group will only be provided with the &quot;standard care&quot; in the clinic on their 2nd and&#xD;
        3rd nights in the clinic. Patients in both groups will be asked to fill out the&#xD;
        Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale forms in the mornings of the&#xD;
        2nd and 3rd nights.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of death globally. Coronary Erter&#xD;
        Bypass Graft (CABG) performed with open heart surgery technique is a successful operation in&#xD;
        the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In the face of this life-threatening experience,&#xD;
        patients face many stressors until discharge, and pain is one of them and causes anxiety.&#xD;
        Incision of the sternum region, saphenous vein graft, sternal retraction, presence of chest&#xD;
        and mediastinal tubes cause pain. Mild to moderate pain persisting until the post-operative&#xD;
        7th day indicates that pain persists as an important postoperative problem in this patient&#xD;
        group. The pain experienced by the patients, the complications related to the disease they&#xD;
        have, and the stress they experience cause an increase in sleep problems. In addition, the&#xD;
        increase in sympathetic activity and nursing care interventions after surgery also affect&#xD;
        sleep quality.Nurses are responsible for meeting the basic life needs of the patients they&#xD;
        care for. The most important of these needs is sleep. Sleep deprivation causes cognitive&#xD;
        problems in patients, affects the immune system, and causes nosocomial infections, affecting&#xD;
        recovery time. The literature reports that sleep disorders affect the working physiology of&#xD;
        the heart in patients with cardiac disease, adversely affect heart health and affect&#xD;
        postoperative recovery. In addition, deterioration of sleep quality causes more pain and&#xD;
        increased pain intensity, delaying wound healing. In addition, since sleep disorders are also&#xD;
        associated with cardiovascular diseases, it is of great importance to increase the sleep&#xD;
        quality of this group of patients. There are many factors that affect the sleep quality of&#xD;
        patients. The most important factor that impairs sleep quality is light. Inexpensive and&#xD;
        non-pharmaceutical methods can be preferred to improve the sleep quality of patients.&#xD;
        Environmental regulations can improve sleep quality. Therefore, it is reported that&#xD;
        environmental changes such as dim and dark clinics increase sleep quality. Apart from these,&#xD;
        one of the non-pharmacological nursing interventions is the eye patch. The eye patch is an&#xD;
        instrument made of fabric, with an elastic strap, aiming at pure darkness by diverting all&#xD;
        light from the patient's eyes.The main physiological purpose of using an eye patch is to&#xD;
        adjust the hormones melatonin and cortisol, which affect the circadian rhythm. As a result,&#xD;
        it is thought that the eye patch will prevent patients from being exposed to excessive light&#xD;
        in the hospital environment, the regulation of hormones and sleep quality will improve, and&#xD;
        the pain will decrease. There are many studies in the literature on the sleep quality of&#xD;
        patients using eye patches, and the results show that the eye patch improves sleep quality.&#xD;
        However, from a limited number of studies examining the effects of eye patch on sleep and&#xD;
        pain in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery. Due to the limited number of studies, it&#xD;
        was aimed to examine the effect of eye patch applied to patients undergoing coronary artery&#xD;
        bypass graft surgery on sleep quality and pain.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Active, not recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">July 10, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">September 25, 2023</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">August 25, 2023</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>sleep quality measurement (Richards- Campbell Sleep Questionnaire)</measure>
      <time_frame>Once a day on the second day in the morning, on the third day in the morning, on the fourth day in the morning</time_frame>
      <description>Richards- Campbell Sleep Questionnaire: Developed by Richards in 1987, the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) is a 6-item scale that evaluates the depth of night sleep, the time it takes to fall asleep, the frequency of waking up, the time to stay awake when awakened, the quality of sleep, and the noise level in the environment. Each item is evaluated on a chart between 0 and 100 with the visual analog scale technique. A score of &quot;0-25&quot; from the scale indicates very bad sleep, and a score of &quot;76-100&quot; indicates very good sleep. As the score of the scale increases, the sleep quality of the patients also increases. The Cronbach α value of the scale developed by Richards was found to be 0.82. The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale was investigated by Özlü and Özer in 2015 and the Cronbach α value was found to be 0.91.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>pain measurement (numerical pain scale)</measure>
      <time_frame>Once a day on the second day in the morning, on the third day in the morning, on the fourth day in the morning</time_frame>
      <description>Numerical Pain Scale:It is based on the expression of pain intensity in numbers. While the absence of pain is expressed as 0 in numerical scales, the number shown increases as the severity of pain increases, and 10 points represent unbearable pain. Numerical scales have been adopted more because they facilitate the definition of pain severity and facilitate scoring and recording.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">64</enrollment>
    <condition>Coronary Artery Disease</condition>
    <condition>Sleep Disorder</condition>
    <condition>Pain, Postoperative</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Eye Mask Group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Standart Care</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>eye mask</intervention_name>
      <description>First day morning The Introductory Characteristics Form will be filled.&#xD;
  First day night Standard care will be given&#xD;
  Second day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled&#xD;
  Second day night Standard care will be given + eye patch will be applied (22:00-06:00)&#xD;
  Third day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled&#xD;
  Third day night Standard care will be given + eye patch will be applied (22:00-06:00)&#xD;
  Fourth day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled</description>
      <arm_group_label>Eye Mask Group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>standart care</intervention_name>
      <description>Control group (n)&#xD;
  First day morning The Introductory Characteristics Form will be filled.&#xD;
  First day night Standard care will be given&#xD;
  Second day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled&#xD;
  Second day night Standard care will be given&#xD;
  Third day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled&#xD;
  Third day night Standard care will be given)&#xD;
  Fourth day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled</description>
      <arm_group_label>Eye Mask Group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Over 18 years old&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Those under 65 (Studies show that nighttime awakenings and sleep durations change with&#xD;
               age (Lie et al., 2018)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Can speak Turkish&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Those who agreed to participate in the study&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Those who have not had open heart surgery before&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  No emergency bypass surgery&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  No intra-aortic balloon pump or pacemaker&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Not taking inotropic drugs&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Those who have not consumed coffee or hypnotic drugs at least 12 hours before&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Those who have not been working the night shift for the last 3 months&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  No history of chronic pain (eg arthritis)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Able to wear an eye mask on their own&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Not addicted to alcohol and drugs&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Does not have a psychological problem (such as depression, anxiety disorder)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  No anxiolytic use&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  No chronic sleep problems&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Not using sleeping pills&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Low risk factor for complications (eg ejection fraction &lt; 35%).&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  During CABG surgery, mitral valve repair or replacement (Each type of heart surgery&#xD;
               will differ in terms of operation time, site of surgery, recovery time, and length of&#xD;
               hospital stay, which may affect the patient's anxiety.)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with chest tube and drain&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with vision problems&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with hearing problems&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with claustrophobia&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>65 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Burcu NAL, Msc RN</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>kütahya health sciences university</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Gülşah GÜROL ARSLAN, Msc RN</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Dokuz Eylul University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Mehmet Ali ASTARCIOĞLU, Doctor</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>kütahya health sciences university</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Ali İhsan PARLAR, Doctor</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>kütahya health sciences university</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Necibe DAĞCAN, Msc RN</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Dokuz Eylul University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Necibe</name>
        <address>
          <city>Kütahya</city>
          <zip>43000</zip>
          <country>Turkey</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Turkey</country>
    </location_countries>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 11, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 23, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 24, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 23, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 23, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 24, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Kutahya Health Sciences University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Necibe Dağcan</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Lecturer</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Heart Surgery</keyword>
    <keyword>pain</keyword>
    <keyword>CABG</keyword>
    <keyword>eye mask</keyword>
    <keyword>nursing</keyword>
    <keyword>sleep quality</keyword>
    <keyword>randomized controlled trial</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Sleep Wake Disorders</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Coronary Artery Disease</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Pain, Postoperative</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
      <ipd_description>Not yet decided</ipd_description>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06010498
  org study id: KutahyaHSU-NECIBE-DAGCAN-0002
  nct id: NCT06010498
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: Yes
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  Introduction: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) performed with open heart surgery technique
        is a successful operation in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Incision of the
        sternum region, saphenous vein graft, sternal retraction, presence of chest and mediastinal
        tubes cause pain. The pain experienced by the patients, the complications related to the
        disease they have, and the stress they experience cause an increase in sleep problems. In
        addition, the increase in sympathetic activity after surgery and nursing care interventions
        also affect sleep quality. The literature reports that sleep disorders affect the working
        physiology of the heart in patients with cardiac disease, adversely affect heart health and
        affect postoperative recovery. In addition, since sleep disorders are also associated with
        cardiovascular diseases, it is of great importance to improve the sleep quality of this group
        of patients. One of the non-pharmacological nursing interventions is the eye patch. The eye
        patch is an instrument made of fabric, with an elastic strap, aimed at pure darkness by
        diverting all light from the patient's eyes. The main physiological purpose of using an eye
        patch is to adjust the hormones melatonin and cortisol, which affect the circadian rhythm. As
        a result, it is thought that the eye patch will prevent patients from being exposed to
        excessive light in the hospital environment, the regulation of hormones and sleep quality
        will improve, and the pain will decrease.
  
        Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of eye patch applied to patients
        undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery on sleep quality and pain.
  
        Method: Individuals who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery in accordance
        with the sampling inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to the experimental and
        control groups by block randomization. After determining the groups, each patient in the
        experimental and control groups, whose written consent was obtained, will have the first
        researcher fill out the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Richards-Campbell Sleep
        Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale on the morning of the first night they spent in the
        clinic.
  
        Patients in the experimental group will be given the "standard care" and "eye patch"
        application in the clinic on their 2nd and 3rd nights in the clinic. The patients in the
        control group will only be provided with the "standard care" in the clinic on their 2nd and
        3rd nights in the clinic. Patients in both groups will be asked to fill out the
        Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale forms in the mornings of the
        2nd and 3rd nights.
  Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of death globally. Coronary Erter
        Bypass Graft (CABG) performed with open heart surgery technique is a successful operation in
        the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In the face of this life-threatening experience,
        patients face many stressors until discharge, and pain is one of them and causes anxiety.
        Incision of the sternum region, saphenous vein graft, sternal retraction, presence of chest
        and mediastinal tubes cause pain. Mild to moderate pain persisting until the post-operative
        7th day indicates that pain persists as an important postoperative problem in this patient
        group. The pain experienced by the patients, the complications related to the disease they
        have, and the stress they experience cause an increase in sleep problems. In addition, the
        increase in sympathetic activity and nursing care interventions after surgery also affect
        sleep quality.Nurses are responsible for meeting the basic life needs of the patients they
        care for. The most important of these needs is sleep. Sleep deprivation causes cognitive
        problems in patients, affects the immune system, and causes nosocomial infections, affecting
        recovery time. The literature reports that sleep disorders affect the working physiology of
        the heart in patients with cardiac disease, adversely affect heart health and affect
        postoperative recovery. In addition, deterioration of sleep quality causes more pain and
        increased pain intensity, delaying wound healing. In addition, since sleep disorders are also
        associated with cardiovascular diseases, it is of great importance to increase the sleep
        quality of this group of patients. There are many factors that affect the sleep quality of
        patients. The most important factor that impairs sleep quality is light. Inexpensive and
        non-pharmaceutical methods can be preferred to improve the sleep quality of patients.
        Environmental regulations can improve sleep quality. Therefore, it is reported that
        environmental changes such as dim and dark clinics increase sleep quality. Apart from these,
        one of the non-pharmacological nursing interventions is the eye patch. The eye patch is an
        instrument made of fabric, with an elastic strap, aiming at pure darkness by diverting all
        light from the patient's eyes.The main physiological purpose of using an eye patch is to
        adjust the hormones melatonin and cortisol, which affect the circadian rhythm. As a result,
        it is thought that the eye patch will prevent patients from being exposed to excessive light
        in the hospital environment, the regulation of hormones and sleep quality will improve, and
        the pain will decrease. There are many studies in the literature on the sleep quality of
        patients using eye patches, and the results show that the eye patch improves sleep quality.
        However, from a limited number of studies examining the effects of eye patch on sleep and
        pain in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery. Due to the limited number of studies, it
        was aimed to examine the effect of eye patch applied to patients undergoing coronary artery
        bypass graft surgery on sleep quality and pain.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  primary purpose: Prevention
  masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
  measure: sleep quality measurement (Richards- Campbell Sleep Questionnaire)
  time frame: Once a day on the second day in the morning, on the third day in the morning, on the fourth day in the morning
  description: Richards- Campbell Sleep Questionnaire: Developed by Richards in 1987, the Richard-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) is a 6-item scale that evaluates the depth of night sleep, the time it takes to fall asleep, the frequency of waking up, the time to stay awake when awakened, the quality of sleep, and the noise level in the environment. Each item is evaluated on a chart between 0 and 100 with the visual analog scale technique. A score of "0-25" from the scale indicates very bad sleep, and a score of "76-100" indicates very good sleep. As the score of the scale increases, the sleep quality of the patients also increases. The Cronbach α value of the scale developed by Richards was found to be 0.82. The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale was investigated by Özlü and Özer in 2015 and the Cronbach α value was found to be 0.91.
  measure: pain measurement (numerical pain scale)
  time frame: Once a day on the second day in the morning, on the third day in the morning, on the fourth day in the morning
  description: Numerical Pain Scale:It is based on the expression of pain intensity in numbers. While the absence of pain is expressed as 0 in numerical scales, the number shown increases as the severity of pain increases, and 10 points represent unbearable pain. Numerical scales have been adopted more because they facilitate the definition of pain severity and facilitate scoring and recording.
  arm group label: Eye Mask Group
  arm group type: Experimental
  arm group label: Standart Care
  arm group type: No Intervention
  intervention type: Behavioral
  intervention name: eye mask
  description: First day morning The Introductory Characteristics Form will be filled.
  First day night Standard care will be given
  Second day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled
  Second day night Standard care will be given + eye patch will be applied (22:00-06:00)
  Third day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled
  Third day night Standard care will be given + eye patch will be applied (22:00-06:00)
  Fourth day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled
  arm group label: Eye Mask Group
  intervention type: Behavioral
  intervention name: standart care
  description: Control group (n)
  First day morning The Introductory Characteristics Form will be filled.
  First day night Standard care will be given
  Second day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled
  Second day night Standard care will be given
  Third day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled
  Third day night Standard care will be given)
  Fourth day morning Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Scale to be filled
  arm group label: Eye Mask Group
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 65 Years
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  last name: Burcu NAL, Msc RN
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: kütahya health sciences university
  last name: Gülşah GÜROL ARSLAN, Msc RN
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University
  last name: Mehmet Ali ASTARCIOĞLU, Doctor
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: kütahya health sciences university
  last name: Ali İhsan PARLAR, Doctor
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: kütahya health sciences university
  last name: Necibe DAĞCAN, Msc RN
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University
  facility: 
  country: Turkey
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Kutahya Health Sciences University
  investigator full name: Necibe Dağcan
  investigator title: Lecturer
  mesh term: Sleep Wake Disorders
  mesh term: Coronary Artery Disease
  mesh term: Pain, Postoperative
  sharing ipd: Undecided
  ipd description: Not yet decided