xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05966818</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>Dapagliflozin in NS</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT05966818</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Effect of Dapagliflozin in Non-Diabetic Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome.</brief_title>
    <official_title>Assessment of the Renoprotective Effect of Dapagliflozin in Non-Diabetic Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome.</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Ain Shams University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Ain Shams University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Dapagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved for CKD treatment regardless of&#xD;
        diabetes status. Since many etiologies of non-diabetic nephropathy are characterized by&#xD;
        intraglomerular hypertension, it was hypothesized that dapagliflozin acutely decreases GFR&#xD;
        and proteinuria in patients without diabetes at risk of progressive kidney function loss such&#xD;
        as nephrotic patients via a glucose independent hemodynamic mechanism.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The aim of the study is to assess the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria and estimated&#xD;
        glomerular filtration rate in non-diabetic patients with nephrotic syndrome in order to slow&#xD;
        the decline in kidney function and the progression to ESRD and to prevent the complications&#xD;
        of nephrotic syndrome like thrombotic diseases, peritonitis, hyperuricemia, and recurrent&#xD;
        infections.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical syndrome defined by massive proteinuria (greater than&#xD;
        40 mg/m2 per hour) responsible for hypoalbuminemia (less than 30 g/L), with resulting&#xD;
        hyperlipidemia, edema, and other complications as thrombotic diseases, peritonitis and&#xD;
        recurrent infections.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Dapagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved for CKD treatment regardless of&#xD;
        diabetes status. Since many etiologies of non-diabetic nephropathy are characterized by&#xD;
        intra-glomerular hypertension, it was hypothesized that Dapagliflozin decreases GFR and&#xD;
        proteinuria in patients without diabetes at risk of progressive kidney function loss via a&#xD;
        glucose independent hemodynamic mechanism.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The aim of the study is to assess the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria and estimated&#xD;
        glomerular filtration rate in non-diabetic patients with nephrotic syndrome.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The study will include 90 patients with diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria&#xD;
        ≥3.5g/24hr, and serum albumin ≤30g/L) and Urine protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) ≥2. Serum&#xD;
        creatinine &lt;3mg/dl (265.2umol/L) and eGFR &gt;30 ml/min/1.73 m2. They will assigned randomly&#xD;
        into 2 groups. Each group will contain 45 patients.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  The first group will receive Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily for 24&#xD;
             weeks and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  The second group will receive the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).&#xD;
  &#xD;
        A. Baseline assessment:&#xD;
  &#xD;
        At baseline , the non-diabetic patients with nephrotic syndrome will undergo:&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  A detailed medical history,&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  Physical examination,&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  Blood pressure,&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  Complete blood count (CBC),&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  Baseline biochemical laboratory tests including: kidney function tests (Urinary&#xD;
             protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR), eGFR, serum albumin, serum creatinine, serum uric acid,&#xD;
             Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lipid profile and serum glucose level&#xD;
  &#xD;
        B. Follow up assessment:&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Patients will be followed up every four weeks during the study period (6 months) by measuring&#xD;
        UPCR, eGFR, serum albumin, serum creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood pressure, uric&#xD;
        acid, glucose level, lipid profile and CBC. In between visits, patients will be contacted via&#xD;
        phone for monitoring of any side effects.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        C. End of study assessment:&#xD;
  &#xD;
        After 6 months, the previous biochemical tests will be performed such as UPCR, eGFR, serum&#xD;
        albumin, serum creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood pressure, uric acid, glucose&#xD;
        level, lipid profile and CBC to measure changes from the baseline.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">August 1, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">March 1, 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">January 1, 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>Phase 4</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>The study is a Prospective, Randomized, Interventional, Parallel, Open Label study.</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
      <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
      <masking_description>90 opaque envelopes will be numbered serially and the corresponding letter which denotes the allocation will be put according to the electronic randomization table. Then all envelopes will be closed and put in one box. When the first patient arrives, the envelope will be opened and the patient will be allocated according to the letter inside.</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria.</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from Baseline UPCR at 6 months</time_frame>
      <description>By measuring UPCR.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria.</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from Baseline Serum Albumin at 6 months</time_frame>
      <description>By measuring serum albumin</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from Baseline Serum Creatinine at 6 months</time_frame>
      <description>By measuring serum creatinine.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from Baseline eGFR at 6 months</time_frame>
      <description>By measuring eGFR.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Systolic blood pressure.</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure at 6 months</time_frame>
      <description>By measuring Systolic blood pressure.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Diastolic blood pressure.</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure at 6 months</time_frame>
      <description>By measuring Diastolic blood pressure.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on uric acid.</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from Baseline Uric acid at 6 months</time_frame>
      <description>By measuring uric acid.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on lipid profile.</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from Baseline lipid profile at 6 months</time_frame>
      <description>By measuring lipid profile.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">90</enrollment>
    <condition>Nephrotic Syndrome</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Dapagliflozin group and Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>- The first group (45 patients) will receive Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily at any time of day with or without food. Tablets are to be swallowed whole with half a cup of water for 24 weeks and standard therapy which include either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB).</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>- The second group (45 patients); will receive the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Dapagliflozin and Standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).</intervention_name>
      <description>Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily for 24 weeks and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).</description>
      <arm_group_label>Dapagliflozin group and Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Standard Therapy (ACEI or ARB).</intervention_name>
      <description>Standard Therapy which include either ACEI or ARB for 24 weeks.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Dapagliflozin group and Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>Standard Therapy which include either ACEI or ARB.</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Age ≥18 and ≤60 years.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria ≥3.5g/24hr, and serum&#xD;
               albumin ≤30g/L) and Urine protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) ≥2.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Serum creatinine &lt;3mg/dl (265.2umol/L) and eGFR &gt;30 ml/min/1.73 m2.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Pathological diagnosis with membranous nephropathy (MN) or focal segmental&#xD;
               glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Absence of any contraindication to dapagliflozin (eGFR less than 30).&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  On a stable dose of an ACEI or ARB for at least 4 weeks prior to randomization or&#xD;
               Initiation of ACEI or ARB.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Agreed to participate and sign written informed consent.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney&#xD;
               disease or lupus nephritis.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Active malignancy aside from treated squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma of the&#xD;
               skin.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  History of severe hypersensitivity or contraindications to dapagliflozin.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  History of repeated urinary tract infection or fungal infection.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with Hemodynamic instability or Hypotension.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  History of noncompliance to medical regimens or unwillingness to comply with the study&#xD;
               protocol.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Pregnancy or breastfeeding.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>60 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Nagwa A. Sabri, Professor</last_name>
      <role>Study Chair</role>
      <affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Amal A. Elkholy, PhD</last_name>
      <phone>+201060355448</phone>
      <email>amalanas9@gmail.com</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <overall_contact_backup>
      <last_name>Reem G. Hammad, Master's</last_name>
      <phone>+201019934446</phone>
      <email>reem.gamal19939@gmail.com</email>
    </overall_contact_backup>
    <reference>
      <citation>Hussein N, Abdelrahman F, Khedr A, Aref H, Halawa MR, ELSharkawy M. Value of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor Versus Traditional Medication in Microalbuminuric Diabetic Patients. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2021;17(6):e101120187809. doi: 10.2174/1573399816999201110194413.</citation>
      <PMID>33176660</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Tapia C, Bashir K. Nephrotic Syndrome. 2023 May 29. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470444/</citation>
      <PMID>29262216</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Wang CS, Greenbaum LA. Nephrotic Syndrome. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019 Feb;66(1):73-85. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.08.006.</citation>
      <PMID>30454752</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Heerspink HJL, Stefansson BV, Correa-Rotter R, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou FF, Mann JFE, McMurray JJV, Lindberg M, Rossing P, Sjostrom CD, Toto RD, Langkilde AM, Wheeler DC; DAPA-CKD Trial Committees and Investigators. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 8;383(15):1436-1446. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2024816. Epub 2020 Sep 24.</citation>
      <PMID>32970396</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>July 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>June 19, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>July 26, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 1, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>July 26, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>July 26, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 1, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Ain Shams University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Amal A. Elkholy</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Lecturer of Clinical Pharmacy</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Nephrotic Syndrome</keyword>
    <keyword>SGLT2 inhibitor</keyword>
    <keyword>dapagliflozin</keyword>
    <keyword>management</keyword>
    <keyword>proteinuria</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Nephrotic Syndrome</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Nephrosis</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Syndrome</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <intervention_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Dapagliflozin</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors</mesh_term>
    </intervention_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05966818
  org study id: Dapagliflozin in NS
  nct id: NCT05966818
  lead sponsor: 
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  Dapagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved for CKD treatment regardless of
        diabetes status. Since many etiologies of non-diabetic nephropathy are characterized by
        intraglomerular hypertension, it was hypothesized that dapagliflozin acutely decreases GFR
        and proteinuria in patients without diabetes at risk of progressive kidney function loss such
        as nephrotic patients via a glucose independent hemodynamic mechanism.
  
        The aim of the study is to assess the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria and estimated
        glomerular filtration rate in non-diabetic patients with nephrotic syndrome in order to slow
        the decline in kidney function and the progression to ESRD and to prevent the complications
        of nephrotic syndrome like thrombotic diseases, peritonitis, hyperuricemia, and recurrent
        infections.
  Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical syndrome defined by massive proteinuria (greater than
        40 mg/m2 per hour) responsible for hypoalbuminemia (less than 30 g/L), with resulting
        hyperlipidemia, edema, and other complications as thrombotic diseases, peritonitis and
        recurrent infections.
  
        Dapagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved for CKD treatment regardless of
        diabetes status. Since many etiologies of non-diabetic nephropathy are characterized by
        intra-glomerular hypertension, it was hypothesized that Dapagliflozin decreases GFR and
        proteinuria in patients without diabetes at risk of progressive kidney function loss via a
        glucose independent hemodynamic mechanism.
  
        The aim of the study is to assess the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria and estimated
        glomerular filtration rate in non-diabetic patients with nephrotic syndrome.
  
        The study will include 90 patients with diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria
        ≥3.5g/24hr, and serum albumin ≤30g/L) and Urine protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) ≥2. Serum
        creatinine <3mg/dl (265.2umol/L) and eGFR >30 ml/min/1.73 m2. They will assigned randomly
        into 2 groups. Each group will contain 45 patients.
  
          -  The first group will receive Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily for 24
             weeks and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).
  
          -  The second group will receive the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).
  
        A. Baseline assessment:
  
        At baseline , the non-diabetic patients with nephrotic syndrome will undergo:
  
          -  A detailed medical history,
  
          -  Physical examination,
  
          -  Blood pressure,
  
          -  Complete blood count (CBC),
  
          -  Baseline biochemical laboratory tests including: kidney function tests (Urinary
             protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR), eGFR, serum albumin, serum creatinine, serum uric acid,
             Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lipid profile and serum glucose level
  
        B. Follow up assessment:
  
        Patients will be followed up every four weeks during the study period (6 months) by measuring
        UPCR, eGFR, serum albumin, serum creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood pressure, uric
        acid, glucose level, lipid profile and CBC. In between visits, patients will be contacted via
        phone for monitoring of any side effects.
  
        C. End of study assessment:
  
        After 6 months, the previous biochemical tests will be performed such as UPCR, eGFR, serum
        albumin, serum creatinine, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood pressure, uric acid, glucose
        level, lipid profile and CBC to measure changes from the baseline.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  intervention model description: The study is a Prospective, Randomized, Interventional, Parallel, Open Label study.
  primary purpose: Treatment
  masking: None (Open Label)
  masking description: 90 opaque envelopes will be numbered serially and the corresponding letter which denotes the allocation will be put according to the electronic randomization table. Then all envelopes will be closed and put in one box. When the first patient arrives, the envelope will be opened and the patient will be allocated according to the letter inside.
  measure: Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria.
  time frame: Change from Baseline UPCR at 6 months
  description: By measuring UPCR.
  measure: Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on proteinuria.
  time frame: Change from Baseline Serum Albumin at 6 months
  description: By measuring serum albumin
  measure: Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
  time frame: Change from Baseline Serum Creatinine at 6 months
  description: By measuring serum creatinine.
  measure: Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
  time frame: Change from Baseline eGFR at 6 months
  description: By measuring eGFR.
  measure: Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Systolic blood pressure.
  time frame: Change from Baseline Systolic Blood Pressure at 6 months
  description: By measuring Systolic blood pressure.
  measure: Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on Diastolic blood pressure.
  time frame: Change from Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure at 6 months
  description: By measuring Diastolic blood pressure.
  measure: Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on uric acid.
  time frame: Change from Baseline Uric acid at 6 months
  description: By measuring uric acid.
  measure: Assessment of the effect of Dapagliflozin on lipid profile.
  time frame: Change from Baseline lipid profile at 6 months
  description: By measuring lipid profile.
  arm group label: Dapagliflozin group and Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: - The first group (45 patients) will receive Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily at any time of day with or without food. Tablets are to be swallowed whole with half a cup of water for 24 weeks and standard therapy which include either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB).
  arm group label: Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: - The second group (45 patients); will receive the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).
  intervention type: Drug
  intervention name: Dapagliflozin and Standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).
  description: Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily for 24 weeks and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).
  arm group label: Dapagliflozin group and Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB
  arm group label: Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB
  other name: Dapagliflozin (Diglifloz) 10 mg orally once daily and the standard therapy (ACEI or ARB).
  intervention type: Drug
  intervention name: Standard Therapy (ACEI or ARB).
  description: Standard Therapy which include either ACEI or ARB for 24 weeks.
  arm group label: Dapagliflozin group and Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB
  arm group label: Standard therapy which include either ACEI or ARB
  other name: Standard Therapy which include either ACEI or ARB.
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 60 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Nagwa A. Sabri, Professor
  role: Study Chair
  affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy
  last name: Amal A. Elkholy, PhD
  phone: +201060355448
  email: amalanas9@gmail.com
  last name: Reem G. Hammad, Master's
  phone: +201019934446
  email: reem.gamal19939@gmail.com
  citation: Hussein N, Abdelrahman F, Khedr A, Aref H, Halawa MR, ELSharkawy M. Value of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor Versus Traditional Medication in Microalbuminuric Diabetic Patients. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2021;17(6):e101120187809. doi: 10.2174/1573399816999201110194413.
  PMID: 33176660
  citation: Tapia C, Bashir K. Nephrotic Syndrome. 2023 May 29. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470444/
  PMID: 29262216
  citation: Wang CS, Greenbaum LA. Nephrotic Syndrome. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019 Feb;66(1):73-85. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.08.006.
  PMID: 30454752
  citation: Heerspink HJL, Stefansson BV, Correa-Rotter R, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou FF, Mann JFE, McMurray JJV, Lindberg M, Rossing P, Sjostrom CD, Toto RD, Langkilde AM, Wheeler DC; DAPA-CKD Trial Committees and Investigators. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 8;383(15):1436-1446. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2024816. Epub 2020 Sep 24.
  PMID: 32970396
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Ain Shams University
  investigator full name: Amal A. Elkholy
  investigator title: Lecturer of Clinical Pharmacy
  mesh term: Nephrotic Syndrome
  mesh term: Nephrosis
  mesh term: Syndrome
  mesh term: Dapagliflozin
  mesh term: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
  sharing ipd: No