xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06022705</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>TarsusU</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06022705</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Evaluation of the Effect of APFEL Risk Score and Fasting Periods on Postoperative Nausea and/or Vomiting</brief_title>
    <official_title>Evaluation of the Effect of APFEL Risk Score and Fasting Periods on Postoperative Nausea and/or Vomiting</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Cukurova University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
      <collaborator>
        <agency>Tarsus University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </collaborator>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Cukurova University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        This study, it is aimed to determine the effect of Apfel risk score and fasting times on&#xD;
        postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        PONV are common causes of delayed discharge. PONV; nausea and/or vomiting in the first 24&#xD;
        hours after surgery. The incidence of PONV after elective surgeries varies between 30-80%&#xD;
        depending on anesthesia, type of surgery, and risk factors of the patient. PONV is not only&#xD;
        an uncomfortable complication for the patient but is associated with significant patient&#xD;
        dissatisfaction. It also includes dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base imbalance,&#xD;
        pulmonary aspiration, pneumothorax, hypoxia, esophageal rupture, increased intracranial&#xD;
        pressure, wound problems, bleeding, delayed oral intake, prolonged hospitalization, fatigue,&#xD;
        anxiety, unexpected hospital readmission, increased medical costs. Therefore, the prevention&#xD;
        and management of nausea and/or vomiting in the perioperative period in surgical patients is&#xD;
        very important.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        In the preoperative period, patients' risk of nausea and/or vomiting should be evaluated with&#xD;
        standard measurement tools. The most commonly used is the Apfel risk score, including four&#xD;
        risk factors. These; female gender, history of PONV and/or motion sickness, non-smoking, and&#xD;
        postoperative opioid use. In the presence of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 risk factors, the incidence of&#xD;
        PONV is approximately 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. It has been observed that&#xD;
        the use of risk scoring for PONV significantly reduces the rate of nausea and vomiting in the&#xD;
        postoperative period. The risk of PONV varies depending on the patient, the type of&#xD;
        anesthesia and the surgery. Female gender, young age, non-smoking, history of PONV or motion&#xD;
        sickness are important risk factors for PONV. Type of anesthesia, duration of administration,&#xD;
        use of volatile anesthetics and nitrous oxide, and use of opioids in the perioperative period&#xD;
        are among other risk factors. It has been reported that PONV is seen more frequently after&#xD;
        laparoscopic, bariatric, gynecological surgery, and cholecystectomy.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        In order to prevent the development of nausea-vomiting and aspiration pneumonia during and&#xD;
        after the operation, patients should be fasted for a certain period of time before the&#xD;
        operation. Fasting periods in the preoperative period should not be long enough to cause&#xD;
        adverse outcomes in patients. It has been reported in the literature that long preoperative&#xD;
        fasting periods do not prevent some complications, but on the contrary increase them.&#xD;
        Therefore, it is emphasized that it is unnecessary to starve patients for a long time in the&#xD;
        preoperative period. In the study of Hausel et al., it was reported that patients who were&#xD;
        fasted for 12-24 hours before surgery had more nausea and vomiting in the postoperative&#xD;
        period than patients who were fasted for a short time and were given oral&#xD;
        carbohydrate-containing fluids. According to the results of different studies conducted in&#xD;
        this area, it has been reported that reducing the preoperative fasting period eliminates the&#xD;
        patient's feeling of thirst before the operation, reduces nausea and vomiting, alleviates&#xD;
        anxiety, increases patient comfort, accelerates recovery, and significantly shortens the&#xD;
        length of hospital stay. It is stated that a short pre-operative fasting period reduces the&#xD;
        loss of nitrogen in the urine and prevents loss of muscle strength, reduces the feeling of&#xD;
        anxiety and thirst before the operation, and increases patient comfort by reducing nausea and&#xD;
        vomiting in the early postoperative period. It has been reported that there are limited&#xD;
        clinical studies to explain the relationship between perioperative fasting time and PONV in&#xD;
        terms of the level of evidence. In this respect, it is important to determine the&#xD;
        relationship between risk factors preoperative fasting times, and PONV.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">August 28, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">June 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2023</primary_completion_date>
    <study_type>Observational [Patient Registry]</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <observational_model>Case-Only</observational_model>
      <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
    </study_design_info>
    <target_duration>1 Day</target_duration>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Determining the risk of posoperative nausea and vomiting.</measure>
      <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
      <description>APFEL risk score. It is a valid tool to assess PONV and/or motion sickness, non-smoking status, and postoperative opioid use. Accordingly, 0-1 indicates low, 2-3 moderate and ≥3 high risk for ASBK. Accordingly, 0-1 indicates low risk, 2-3 moderate and ≥3 high risk for ASBK. In the presence of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 risk factors, the incidence of ASBK was reported as 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, respectively.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Determination of postoperative nausea and vomiting.</measure>
      <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
      <description>Nausea and Vomiting Evaluation Form. In our study, ASBK status will be evaluated as &quot;Yes/No&quot; at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours using the Nausea and Vomiting Evaluation Form.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">250</enrollment>
    <condition>Nausea, Postoperative</condition>
    <condition>Vomiting, Postoperative</condition>
    <condition>APFEL RİSK SCORE</condition>
    <eligibility>
      <study_pop>
        <textblock>
          The population of the study will be composed of patients who applied for elective surgery&#xD;
          to Çukurova University Medical Faculty Balcalı Training and Research Hospital General&#xD;
          Surgery Clinic and Tarsus State Hospital General Surgery Clinic between the dates of the&#xD;
          study. The sample, on the other hand, will consist of a total of 250 patients who comply&#xD;
          with the selection criteria, agree to participate in the study, and are determined by power&#xD;
          analysis.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          The sample of the study was carried out using an unknown population model. The data&#xD;
          obtained from the study of Weibel et al. (2020) were used for the effect size to be used in&#xD;
          the calculation of the sample number (Weibel et al., 2020).&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </study_pop>
      <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Being over 18 years old&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  To have applied for elective surgery,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Being hospitalized 6 hours before the operation,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I-III&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Not having a vision-hearing problem&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Not having chronic pain,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  No alcohol and/or substance addiction,&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Performing emergency surgical intervention,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Need for intensive care after surgery&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>DERYA GEZER</last_name>
      <phone>+905076990081</phone>
      <email>deryasahhin@hotmail.com</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Tarsus University</name>
        <address>
          <city>Mersin</city>
          <state>Tarsus</state>
          <zip>33400</zip>
          <country>Turkey</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
      <status>Recruiting</status>
      <contact>
        <last_name>DERYA GEZER</last_name>
        <phone>+905076990081</phone>
        <email>deryasahhin@hotmail.com</email>
      </contact>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Turkey</country>
    </location_countries>
    <link>
      <url>https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13669-017-0226-y.pdf</url>
      <description>Preventable surgical harm in gynecologic oncology: optimizing quality and patient safety.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://anestesiar.org/WP/uploads/2012/11/CC9D3FE87CBB40BA7A3EBE649852E6C1.pdf</url>
      <description>Nausea and vomiting after surgery. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care &amp; Pain.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1528058</url>
      <description>REVIEW OF STUDIES EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF AROMATHERAPY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://pdf.trdizin.gov.tr/pdf/SDVURXVWd0FQQnZodWYzK0VaSDk4SXlIMVFoZ3NJd1J3bUwvOGhjbGFrSDdXTEU3VkllWW9FNlpNNzk3UGpaV3FEMnAwaHJZa2UreG92eHNqbVA5U3dxZFRxcGdlbW0yMlkzemMxQndkS3VxejRKZE5HNVBTdkJObGFTckNROTZUZk4zYzBUUTh4b3ZOSjB0MmVHK2pVdFNkc0srRHpGck1xSU1mSFFMSnhZMmhzZnFIM3lUOVE5cUNudlhjcmN0eGNYOUQ1YWpIOW5wNW5KeG9GNytVdHJ3Sm5vUGU3RU1BajFoOHQ1amM2aUh1VGFvN0hRdjNjYUd1RTQ4UVFjWEFxeVM3VDBZMDJ3MUJBPT0</url>
      <description>POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://www.tard.org.tr/assets/kilavuz/preoperatifdegerlendirme.pdf</url>
      <description>TSAR</description>
    </link>
    <reference>
      <citation>Apfel CC, Heidrich FM, Jukar-Rao S, Jalota L, Hornuss C, Whelan RP, Zhang K, Cakmakkaya OS. Evidence-based analysis of risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Nov;109(5):742-53. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes276. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</citation>
      <PMID>23035051</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S, Chung F, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, Jin Z, Kovac AL, Meyer TA, Urman RD, Apfel CC, Ayad S, Beagley L, Candiotti K, Englesakis M, Hedrick TL, Kranke P, Lee S, Lipman D, Minkowitz HS, Morton J, Philip BK. Fourth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2020 Aug;131(2):411-448. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004833. Erratum In: Anesth Analg. 2020 Nov;131(5):e241.</citation>
      <PMID>32467512</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Wan KM, Carter J, Philp S. Predictors of early discharge after open gynecological surgery in the setting of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2016 Oct;42(10):1369-1374. doi: 10.1111/jog.13045. Epub 2016 Jun 29.</citation>
      <PMID>27353883</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Parrish RH 2nd, Findley R, Elias KM, Kramer B, Johnson EG, Gramlich L, Nelson GS. Pharmacotherapeutic prophylaxis and post-operative outcomes within an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) program: A randomized retrospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021 Dec 14;73:103178. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103178. eCollection 2022 Jan.</citation>
      <PMID>35003725</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Elvir-Lazo OL, White PF, Yumul R, Cruz Eng H. Management strategies for the treatment and prevention of postoperative/postdischarge nausea and vomiting: an updated review. F1000Res. 2020 Aug 13;9:F1000 Faculty Rev-983. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.21832.1. eCollection 2020.</citation>
      <PMID>32913634</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Obrink E, Jildenstal P, Oddby E, Jakobsson JG. Post-operative nausea and vomiting: update on predicting the probability and ways to minimize its occurrence, with focus on ambulatory surgery. Int J Surg. 2015 Mar;15:100-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.01.024. Epub 2015 Jan 29.</citation>
      <PMID>25638733</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Veiga-Gil L, Pueyo J, Lopez-Olaondo L. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: physiopathology, risk factors, prophylaxis and treatment. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2017 Apr;64(4):223-232. doi: 10.1016/j.redar.2016.10.001. Epub 2016 Dec 29. English, Spanish.</citation>
      <PMID>28041609</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Cao X, White PF, Ma H. An update on the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. J Anesth. 2017 Aug;31(4):617-626. doi: 10.1007/s00540-017-2363-x. Epub 2017 Apr 28.</citation>
      <PMID>28455599</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, Nygren J, Demartines N, Francis N, Rockall TA, Young-Fadok TM, Hill AG, Soop M, de Boer HD, Urman RD, Chang GJ, Fichera A, Kessler H, Grass F, Whang EE, Fawcett WJ, Carli F, Lobo DN, Rollins KE, Balfour A, Baldini G, Riedel B, Ljungqvist O. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society Recommendations: 2018. World J Surg. 2019 Mar;43(3):659-695. doi: 10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y.</citation>
      <PMID>30426190</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Gecit S, Ozbayir T. Evaluation of Preoperative Risk Assessment and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Importance for Nurses. J Perianesth Nurs. 2020 Dec;35(6):625-629. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.04.006. Epub 2020 Aug 7.</citation>
      <PMID>32778493</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Apfel CC, Laara E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology. 1999 Sep;91(3):693-700. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199909000-00022.</citation>
      <PMID>10485781</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters. Anesthesiology. 2011 Mar;114(3):495-511. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fcbfd9. No abstract available.</citation>
      <PMID>21307770</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):376-393. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001452. No abstract available.</citation>
      <PMID>28045707</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Weimann A, Braga M, Carli F, Higashiguchi T, Hubner M, Klek S, Laviano A, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN, Martindale R, Waitzberg DL, Bischoff SC, Singer P. ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clin Nutr. 2017 Jun;36(3):623-650. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.013. Epub 2017 Mar 7.</citation>
      <PMID>28385477</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Weibel S, Rucker G, Eberhart LH, Pace NL, Hartl HM, Jordan OL, Mayer D, Riemer M, Schaefer MS, Raj D, Backhaus I, Helf A, Schlesinger T, Kienbaum P, Kranke P. Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 19;10(10):CD012859. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012859.pub2.</citation>
      <PMID>33075160</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>September 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 28, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 28, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 5, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>September 1, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>September 1, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 6, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Tarsus University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Derya Gezer</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Assistant Profesor</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>APFEL Risk Score,</keyword>
    <keyword>Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting</keyword>
    <keyword>Preoperative Fasting</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Nausea</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Vomiting</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
      <ipd_description>Results regarding the relationship between APFEL risk score fasting times and PONV will be shared. However, personal information will not be shared.</ipd_description>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06022705
  org study id: TarsusU
  nct id: NCT06022705
  lead sponsor: 
  collaborator: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  This study, it is aimed to determine the effect of Apfel risk score and fasting times on
        postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
  PONV are common causes of delayed discharge. PONV; nausea and/or vomiting in the first 24
        hours after surgery. The incidence of PONV after elective surgeries varies between 30-80%
        depending on anesthesia, type of surgery, and risk factors of the patient. PONV is not only
        an uncomfortable complication for the patient but is associated with significant patient
        dissatisfaction. It also includes dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base imbalance,
        pulmonary aspiration, pneumothorax, hypoxia, esophageal rupture, increased intracranial
        pressure, wound problems, bleeding, delayed oral intake, prolonged hospitalization, fatigue,
        anxiety, unexpected hospital readmission, increased medical costs. Therefore, the prevention
        and management of nausea and/or vomiting in the perioperative period in surgical patients is
        very important.
  
        In the preoperative period, patients' risk of nausea and/or vomiting should be evaluated with
        standard measurement tools. The most commonly used is the Apfel risk score, including four
        risk factors. These; female gender, history of PONV and/or motion sickness, non-smoking, and
        postoperative opioid use. In the presence of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 risk factors, the incidence of
        PONV is approximately 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. It has been observed that
        the use of risk scoring for PONV significantly reduces the rate of nausea and vomiting in the
        postoperative period. The risk of PONV varies depending on the patient, the type of
        anesthesia and the surgery. Female gender, young age, non-smoking, history of PONV or motion
        sickness are important risk factors for PONV. Type of anesthesia, duration of administration,
        use of volatile anesthetics and nitrous oxide, and use of opioids in the perioperative period
        are among other risk factors. It has been reported that PONV is seen more frequently after
        laparoscopic, bariatric, gynecological surgery, and cholecystectomy.
  
        In order to prevent the development of nausea-vomiting and aspiration pneumonia during and
        after the operation, patients should be fasted for a certain period of time before the
        operation. Fasting periods in the preoperative period should not be long enough to cause
        adverse outcomes in patients. It has been reported in the literature that long preoperative
        fasting periods do not prevent some complications, but on the contrary increase them.
        Therefore, it is emphasized that it is unnecessary to starve patients for a long time in the
        preoperative period. In the study of Hausel et al., it was reported that patients who were
        fasted for 12-24 hours before surgery had more nausea and vomiting in the postoperative
        period than patients who were fasted for a short time and were given oral
        carbohydrate-containing fluids. According to the results of different studies conducted in
        this area, it has been reported that reducing the preoperative fasting period eliminates the
        patient's feeling of thirst before the operation, reduces nausea and vomiting, alleviates
        anxiety, increases patient comfort, accelerates recovery, and significantly shortens the
        length of hospital stay. It is stated that a short pre-operative fasting period reduces the
        loss of nitrogen in the urine and prevents loss of muscle strength, reduces the feeling of
        anxiety and thirst before the operation, and increases patient comfort by reducing nausea and
        vomiting in the early postoperative period. It has been reported that there are limited
        clinical studies to explain the relationship between perioperative fasting time and PONV in
        terms of the level of evidence. In this respect, it is important to determine the
        relationship between risk factors preoperative fasting times, and PONV.
  observational model: Case-Only
  time perspective: Prospective
  measure: Determining the risk of posoperative nausea and vomiting.
  time frame: 24 hours
  description: APFEL risk score. It is a valid tool to assess PONV and/or motion sickness, non-smoking status, and postoperative opioid use. Accordingly, 0-1 indicates low, 2-3 moderate and ≥3 high risk for ASBK. Accordingly, 0-1 indicates low risk, 2-3 moderate and ≥3 high risk for ASBK. In the presence of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 risk factors, the incidence of ASBK was reported as 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, respectively.
  measure: Determination of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
  time frame: 24 hours
  description: Nausea and Vomiting Evaluation Form. In our study, ASBK status will be evaluated as "Yes/No" at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours using the Nausea and Vomiting Evaluation Form.
  study pop: 
  sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: N/A
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: DERYA GEZER
  phone: +905076990081
  email: deryasahhin@hotmail.com
  facility: 
  status: Recruiting
  contact: 
  country: Turkey
  url: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13669-017-0226-y.pdf
  description: Preventable surgical harm in gynecologic oncology: optimizing quality and patient safety.
  url: https://anestesiar.org/WP/uploads/2012/11/CC9D3FE87CBB40BA7A3EBE649852E6C1.pdf
  description: Nausea and vomiting after surgery. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain.
  url: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1528058
  description: REVIEW OF STUDIES EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF AROMATHERAPY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING
  url: https://pdf.trdizin.gov.tr/pdf/SDVURXVWd0FQQnZodWYzK0VaSDk4SXlIMVFoZ3NJd1J3bUwvOGhjbGFrSDdXTEU3VkllWW9FNlpNNzk3UGpaV3FEMnAwaHJZa2UreG92eHNqbVA5U3dxZFRxcGdlbW0yMlkzemMxQndkS3VxejRKZE5HNVBTdkJObGFTckNROTZUZk4zYzBUUTh4b3ZOSjB0MmVHK2pVdFNkc0srRHpGck1xSU1mSFFMSnhZMmhzZnFIM3lUOVE5cUNudlhjcmN0eGNYOUQ1YWpIOW5wNW5KeG9GNytVdHJ3Sm5vUGU3RU1BajFoOHQ1amM2aUh1VGFvN0hRdjNjYUd1RTQ4UVFjWEFxeVM3VDBZMDJ3MUJBPT0
  description: POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING
  url: https://www.tard.org.tr/assets/kilavuz/preoperatifdegerlendirme.pdf
  description: TSAR
  citation: Apfel CC, Heidrich FM, Jukar-Rao S, Jalota L, Hornuss C, Whelan RP, Zhang K, Cakmakkaya OS. Evidence-based analysis of risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Nov;109(5):742-53. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes276. Epub 2012 Oct 3.
  PMID: 23035051
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  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Tarsus University
  investigator full name: Derya Gezer
  investigator title: Assistant Profesor
  mesh term: Nausea
  mesh term: Vomiting
  mesh term: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
  sharing ipd: No
  ipd description: Results regarding the relationship between APFEL risk score fasting times and PONV will be shared. However, personal information will not be shared.