xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06012305</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>GaziosmanpasaU-FTR</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06012305</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>The Effect of KT on Tissue Parameters</brief_title>
    <acronym>KinesioTape</acronym>
    <official_title>The Effect of Different KT Applications on Tissue Stiffness, Pain and Function</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Myofascial pain is a concept that refers to pain from trigger points. The region of the upper&#xD;
        trapezius muscle is the most common region of myofascial pain syndrome (MAS). It is known&#xD;
        that MAS is associated with disruptions in the fascia. It has been observed that kinesio&#xD;
        taping supports healing by increasing the epidermal dermal distance. It is thought that the&#xD;
        EDF (Epidermis Dermis Fascia) technique provides this effect on the fascia. This idea needs&#xD;
        to be put forward with objective data and the study was designed for this purpose. It has&#xD;
        been observed that kinesio taping with the inhibition technique for the upper trapezius&#xD;
        trigger point has a positive effect on pain and function. Therefore, it will be investigated&#xD;
        whether the EDF technique and the inhibition technique have any advantages over each other.&#xD;
        An exercise program will be applied to all three groups in the study design, so whether&#xD;
        taping provides an additional benefit to fascia smoothness, pain and function will be&#xD;
        examined and the 4-week long-term effect of taping, which is mostly short-term effect, will&#xD;
        be revealed.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Myofascial pain is a concept that refers to pain from myofascial trigger points. Certain&#xD;
        small, hardened, tender areas in the muscle that can be identified by palpation are called&#xD;
        trigger points. The upper trapezius is the most common area of myofascial pain syndrome.&#xD;
        Working at a desk for a long time and doing intense overhead activities are among the&#xD;
        important reasons for this. Individuals who experience myofascial pain with an upper&#xD;
        trapezius trigger point are adversely affected in many ways professionally and socially. The&#xD;
        pathophysiological process that causes this pain is also related to fascia involvement. It is&#xD;
        thought that a taping application that will provide a corrective effect on the fascia will&#xD;
        reduce myofascial pain symptoms. The study was designed with the aim of demonstrating that it&#xD;
        provides this with objective data.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Kinesio taping increases the epidermal-dermal distance and provides an effect that&#xD;
        accelerates the healing after injury. It has been widely preferred in our country and in&#xD;
        other countries before, and there is literature support that it can be used safely. It is&#xD;
        seen that the inhibition technique is frequently preferred when taping is used in the&#xD;
        presence of an upper trapezius trigger point. It is thought that trigger point symptoms will&#xD;
        be reduced by inhibiting the upper trapezius muscle to a certain extent with this technique,&#xD;
        and some studies in which this effect is achieved are included in the literature. Another&#xD;
        taping technique, the Epidermis Dermis Fascia technique (EDF), has been reported to have a&#xD;
        healing effect on fascia as clinical opinion, but there is a lack of evidence in the relevant&#xD;
        literature.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        At the end of the study, the answers to the questions of whether the inhibition technique,&#xD;
        which is one of the frequently used techniques, or the epidermis dermis fascia technique,&#xD;
        which is at the forefront with its effect on fascia, will be more effective on fascia&#xD;
        smoothness, pain and function will be found. With the provision of fascia correction, it is&#xD;
        aimed to reduce pain and increase function. It is thought that these gains will reduce the&#xD;
        negative effects of myofascial pain.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        In addition to taping, two groups will be given an exercise program with proven effect of&#xD;
        reducing pain and increasing function in myofascial pain syndrome. The program will include&#xD;
        ischemic compression and posture exercises.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The aspects that have not been revealed in previous studies and are considered to be&#xD;
        deficiencies are as follows: Which tape technique should be used, which one can be more&#xD;
        beneficial? In which of the parameters of pain, function and fascia smoothness will the&#xD;
        benefit be valid? What is the long-term effect of kinesio taping, which has a pain-reducing&#xD;
        and function-enhancing effect in the short term?&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">August 30, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">November 15, 2024</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">February 15, 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>In the study, there were three groups in which three different treatment programs were applied.</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
      <masking_description>The person who will make the assessments will not know in which group the individual he/she is assessing is in.</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Evaluation of fascia stiffness by shear wave elastography</measure>
      <time_frame>Three measurements at once at the beginning and end of 4 weeks, measurement time 5 minutes per session</time_frame>
      <description>The device provides information on hardness by measuring the velocity of shear waves. The transducer probe of the device will be placed on the tight band in the upper trapezius detected by palpation, and after a comfortable expiration, an image will be taken from the region while the person is sitting. It is planned to take 3 images at 10 second intervals. The acquired image presents both quantitative and qualitative data. Shear modulus values of 10x10 mm square images taken on the trigger point will provide objective data on hardness.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Measurement of pain pressure threshold with an algometer</measure>
      <time_frame>Three measurements at once at the beginning and end of 4 weeks, measurement time 5 minutes per session</time_frame>
      <description>An analog algometer will be used. The device has a disc-shaped rubber tip with a surface area of exactly 1 cm2. Pressure measurements are expressed in kilograms per square centimeter (kg/cm2). Algometer, metal rod will be perpendicular to the skin surface and the patient will sit; Pressure will be applied to the determined trigger point in 1 kg/second increments. The patient will be instructed to indicate the last point at which pain was perceived. After the dial is set to zero, the process will be repeated 3 times for each patient at 1 minute intervals. The average of three readings will be used for analysis. The dial will show a value between 0 and 22. 0 represents the lowest point of the pain threshold, 22 the highest point.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Pain Assessment with Visual Analog Scale</measure>
      <time_frame>One measurement at the beginning and end of 4 weeks, 30 seconds measurement time per session</time_frame>
      <description>It will be used in two separate pain evaluations for the upper trapezius region and the pain radiating to the neck and back. 0 will indicate no pain, and ten will show the worst pain the patient has ever experienced. Values will be obtained along a 10 cm Visual Analog Scale line using a ruler marked in centimeters.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Evaluation of upper extremity functions</measure>
      <time_frame>The questionnaire will be administered at the beginning and end of 4 weeks. The application time of the questionnaire is approximately 5 minutes.</time_frame>
      <description>The short version of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Problems Questionnaire(DASH) will be used to make this assessment. DASH is a 30-item questionnaire designed to assess musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities. At least 27 questions must be completed for scoring. DASH scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating a higher level of disability. DASH has been reported to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating various arm functions. There is information in the literature that Quick DASH, which is its short version, can also provide information about upper extremity function in correlation with DASH. Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Neck Disability Index</measure>
      <time_frame>The questionnaire will be administered at the beginning and end of 4 weeks. The application time of the questionnaire is approximately 5 minutes.</time_frame>
      <description>Vernon and Mion designed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) to assess how neck pain affects activities of daily living. There is a Turkish validity and reliability study. A score between 0 and 50 points can be obtained from the scale. 0 points means no disability, 50 points means very severe disability.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">40</enrollment>
    <condition>Trigger Point Pain, Myofascial</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Only Exercise Group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
      <description>They will be included in the exercise program that includes postural exercises after ischemic compression and stretching. Stretching exercises will be aimed at stretching the upper trapezius muscle. In the sitting position, the person whose head will be flexed and lateral flexed to the opposite side will stay in this position for 30 seconds and then come back to the same position.&#xD;
  This will be practiced 15 times a day, 3 days a week. Ischemic compression will then be applied. In ischemic compression, the therapist will apply pressure on the trigger points detected by palpation for 1 minute, and the application will be completed with a total of 5 repetitions at 1-minute intervals. It will continue to be applied 3 sets a day, 3 days a week. Posture exercises were determined as scapular retraction and chin tuck exercises. The exercises will be done in 3 sets of 15 repetitions per day, 3 days a week.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Taping Group with Muscle Technique</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>In addition to the exercise program in the first group, upper trapezius inhibition tape will be applied on the myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius 3 times a week. The KT (Kinesio Tex Tape, Kinesio Holding Corporation, Albuquerque, USA) used in this study will be waterproof, porous and adhesive. 5 cm wide and 0.5 mm thick kinesio tape will be used. Before the application, the patient will be seated and asked to bring the neck to the opposite side lateral flexion and the head to the same side rotation. In this position, the Kinesiotape inhibition technique will be applied. The tape will be asked to stay on the person for 2 days, then it will be interrupted for 1 day and then the same application will be made. This practice will continue during the 4 weeks of treatment.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Taping Group with Epidermis Dermis Fascia Technique</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>In addition to the exercise program in the first group, kinesio taping will be applied with web cut cutting with EDF technique on myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius. Before the application, the patient will be seated and asked to bring the neck to the opposite side lateral flexion and the head to the same side rotation. Tape will be applied with EDF technique. The band will be asked to stay on the person for 2 days, then a break for 1 day and then the same application will be made again. This practice will continue during the 4 weeks of treatment.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Taping</intervention_name>
      <description>Taping has the effect of accelerating the flow in the tissue by increasing the epidermal dermal distance. The muscle technique used in the study will be applied to the trapezius muscle and aims to reduce the working level of the muscle. The EDF technique, which will be used in another group, aims to create a stronger base taping effect.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Taping Group with Epidermis Dermis Fascia Technique</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Taping Group with Muscle Technique</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>Exercise</other_name>
      <other_name>ischemic compression</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patients with a differential diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome with unilateral or&#xD;
               bilateral active trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle will be included in the&#xD;
               study. The criteria for trigger point detection are stated in the literature as&#xD;
               follows: 1) The muscle has a challenging palpation area (this area is called the taut&#xD;
               band) 2) The trigger point with localized sensitivity in the taut band 3) Typical pain&#xD;
               when continuous pressure is applied to the trigger point in the taut band. , numbness,&#xD;
               tingling, 4) Local twitching response when the taut band is bent horizontally. Other&#xD;
               inclusion criteria are: 18-50 years of age, more than two weeks of symptom duration&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Having a diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome, diagnosis of psychiatric disorders such&#xD;
               as anxiety and depression, radiculopathy symptoms, brachial plexopathy or other nerve&#xD;
               entrapments, treatment for myofascial pain syndrome in the last six months, having a&#xD;
               malignancy, being pregnant, having an infectious disease, having an inflammatory&#xD;
               musculoskeletal system disease have had shoulder or neck surgery&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>50 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University</name>
        <address>
          <city>Tokat</city>
          <state>Eyalet/Yerleşke</state>
          <zip>06300</zip>
          <country>Turkey</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
      <contact>
        <last_name>Nilşah Yılmaz, Master Degree</last_name>
        <phone>5415818989</phone>
        <email>nilsah1995@gmail.com</email>
      </contact>
      <contact_backup>
        <last_name>Nihan Kafa, Professor</last_name>
        <email>fztnihankafa@gmail.com</email>
      </contact_backup>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Turkey</country>
    </location_countries>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Quintner JL, Bove GM, Cohen ML. A critical evaluation of the trigger point phenomenon. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Mar;54(3):392-9. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu471. Epub 2014 Dec 3.</citation>
      <PMID>25477053</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Ertekin E, Kasar ZS, Turkdogan FT. Is early diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome possible with the detection of latent trigger points by shear wave elastography? Pol J Radiol. 2021 Jul 12;86:e425-e431. doi: 10.5114/pjr.2021.108537. eCollection 2021.</citation>
      <PMID>34429789</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Celiker R, Atalay A, Guven Z. Health-related quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2010 Oct;14(5):361-6. doi: 10.1007/s11916-010-0141-7.</citation>
      <PMID>20690001</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Kafa N, Citaker S, Omeroglu S, Peker T, Coskun N, Diker S. Effects of kinesiologic taping on epidermal-dermal distance, pain, edema and inflammation after experimentally induced soft tissue trauma. Physiother Theory Pract. 2015;31(8):556-61. doi: 10.3109/09593985.2015.1062943.</citation>
      <PMID>26492435</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Akpinar FM, Sindel D, Ketenci A. Investigation of Effectiveness of Two Different Kinesiotaping Techniques in Myofascial Pain Syndrome: An Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial. Pain Physician. 2021 Sep;24(6):E721-E731.</citation>
      <PMID>34554690</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <results_reference>
      <citation>Dilek B, Batmaz I, Akif Sariyildiz M, Sahin E, Bulut D, Akalin E, Cevik R, Nas K. Effectiveness of training about kinesiotaping in myofascial pain syndrome: A prospective, single-blind, randomized-controlled study. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Mar 4;67(1):17-24. doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2021.4258. eCollection 2021 Mar.</citation>
      <PMID>33948539</PMID>
    </results_reference>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>August 17, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 24, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 25, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 24, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 24, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 25, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Nilsah YILMAZ</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Lecturer</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Athletic Tape</keyword>
    <keyword>Trigger Points</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Myofascial Pain Syndromes</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06012305
  org study id: GaziosmanpasaU-FTR
  nct id: NCT06012305
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  Myofascial pain is a concept that refers to pain from trigger points. The region of the upper
        trapezius muscle is the most common region of myofascial pain syndrome (MAS). It is known
        that MAS is associated with disruptions in the fascia. It has been observed that kinesio
        taping supports healing by increasing the epidermal dermal distance. It is thought that the
        EDF (Epidermis Dermis Fascia) technique provides this effect on the fascia. This idea needs
        to be put forward with objective data and the study was designed for this purpose. It has
        been observed that kinesio taping with the inhibition technique for the upper trapezius
        trigger point has a positive effect on pain and function. Therefore, it will be investigated
        whether the EDF technique and the inhibition technique have any advantages over each other.
        An exercise program will be applied to all three groups in the study design, so whether
        taping provides an additional benefit to fascia smoothness, pain and function will be
        examined and the 4-week long-term effect of taping, which is mostly short-term effect, will
        be revealed.
  Myofascial pain is a concept that refers to pain from myofascial trigger points. Certain
        small, hardened, tender areas in the muscle that can be identified by palpation are called
        trigger points. The upper trapezius is the most common area of myofascial pain syndrome.
        Working at a desk for a long time and doing intense overhead activities are among the
        important reasons for this. Individuals who experience myofascial pain with an upper
        trapezius trigger point are adversely affected in many ways professionally and socially. The
        pathophysiological process that causes this pain is also related to fascia involvement. It is
        thought that a taping application that will provide a corrective effect on the fascia will
        reduce myofascial pain symptoms. The study was designed with the aim of demonstrating that it
        provides this with objective data.
  
        Kinesio taping increases the epidermal-dermal distance and provides an effect that
        accelerates the healing after injury. It has been widely preferred in our country and in
        other countries before, and there is literature support that it can be used safely. It is
        seen that the inhibition technique is frequently preferred when taping is used in the
        presence of an upper trapezius trigger point. It is thought that trigger point symptoms will
        be reduced by inhibiting the upper trapezius muscle to a certain extent with this technique,
        and some studies in which this effect is achieved are included in the literature. Another
        taping technique, the Epidermis Dermis Fascia technique (EDF), has been reported to have a
        healing effect on fascia as clinical opinion, but there is a lack of evidence in the relevant
        literature.
  
        At the end of the study, the answers to the questions of whether the inhibition technique,
        which is one of the frequently used techniques, or the epidermis dermis fascia technique,
        which is at the forefront with its effect on fascia, will be more effective on fascia
        smoothness, pain and function will be found. With the provision of fascia correction, it is
        aimed to reduce pain and increase function. It is thought that these gains will reduce the
        negative effects of myofascial pain.
  
        In addition to taping, two groups will be given an exercise program with proven effect of
        reducing pain and increasing function in myofascial pain syndrome. The program will include
        ischemic compression and posture exercises.
  
        The aspects that have not been revealed in previous studies and are considered to be
        deficiencies are as follows: Which tape technique should be used, which one can be more
        beneficial? In which of the parameters of pain, function and fascia smoothness will the
        benefit be valid? What is the long-term effect of kinesio taping, which has a pain-reducing
        and function-enhancing effect in the short term?
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  intervention model description: In the study, there were three groups in which three different treatment programs were applied.
  primary purpose: Treatment
  masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
  masking description: The person who will make the assessments will not know in which group the individual he/she is assessing is in.
  measure: Evaluation of fascia stiffness by shear wave elastography
  time frame: Three measurements at once at the beginning and end of 4 weeks, measurement time 5 minutes per session
  description: The device provides information on hardness by measuring the velocity of shear waves. The transducer probe of the device will be placed on the tight band in the upper trapezius detected by palpation, and after a comfortable expiration, an image will be taken from the region while the person is sitting. It is planned to take 3 images at 10 second intervals. The acquired image presents both quantitative and qualitative data. Shear modulus values of 10x10 mm square images taken on the trigger point will provide objective data on hardness.
  measure: Measurement of pain pressure threshold with an algometer
  time frame: Three measurements at once at the beginning and end of 4 weeks, measurement time 5 minutes per session
  description: An analog algometer will be used. The device has a disc-shaped rubber tip with a surface area of exactly 1 cm2. Pressure measurements are expressed in kilograms per square centimeter (kg/cm2). Algometer, metal rod will be perpendicular to the skin surface and the patient will sit; Pressure will be applied to the determined trigger point in 1 kg/second increments. The patient will be instructed to indicate the last point at which pain was perceived. After the dial is set to zero, the process will be repeated 3 times for each patient at 1 minute intervals. The average of three readings will be used for analysis. The dial will show a value between 0 and 22. 0 represents the lowest point of the pain threshold, 22 the highest point.
  measure: Pain Assessment with Visual Analog Scale
  time frame: One measurement at the beginning and end of 4 weeks, 30 seconds measurement time per session
  description: It will be used in two separate pain evaluations for the upper trapezius region and the pain radiating to the neck and back. 0 will indicate no pain, and ten will show the worst pain the patient has ever experienced. Values will be obtained along a 10 cm Visual Analog Scale line using a ruler marked in centimeters.
  measure: Evaluation of upper extremity functions
  time frame: The questionnaire will be administered at the beginning and end of 4 weeks. The application time of the questionnaire is approximately 5 minutes.
  description: The short version of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Problems Questionnaire(DASH) will be used to make this assessment. DASH is a 30-item questionnaire designed to assess musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities. At least 27 questions must be completed for scoring. DASH scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating a higher level of disability. DASH has been reported to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating various arm functions. There is information in the literature that Quick DASH, which is its short version, can also provide information about upper extremity function in correlation with DASH. Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted.
  measure: Neck Disability Index
  time frame: The questionnaire will be administered at the beginning and end of 4 weeks. The application time of the questionnaire is approximately 5 minutes.
  description: Vernon and Mion designed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) to assess how neck pain affects activities of daily living. There is a Turkish validity and reliability study. A score between 0 and 50 points can be obtained from the scale. 0 points means no disability, 50 points means very severe disability.
  arm group label: Only Exercise Group
  arm group type: No Intervention
  description: They will be included in the exercise program that includes postural exercises after ischemic compression and stretching. Stretching exercises will be aimed at stretching the upper trapezius muscle. In the sitting position, the person whose head will be flexed and lateral flexed to the opposite side will stay in this position for 30 seconds and then come back to the same position.
  This will be practiced 15 times a day, 3 days a week. Ischemic compression will then be applied. In ischemic compression, the therapist will apply pressure on the trigger points detected by palpation for 1 minute, and the application will be completed with a total of 5 repetitions at 1-minute intervals. It will continue to be applied 3 sets a day, 3 days a week. Posture exercises were determined as scapular retraction and chin tuck exercises. The exercises will be done in 3 sets of 15 repetitions per day, 3 days a week.
  arm group label: Taping Group with Muscle Technique
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: In addition to the exercise program in the first group, upper trapezius inhibition tape will be applied on the myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius 3 times a week. The KT (Kinesio Tex Tape, Kinesio Holding Corporation, Albuquerque, USA) used in this study will be waterproof, porous and adhesive. 5 cm wide and 0.5 mm thick kinesio tape will be used. Before the application, the patient will be seated and asked to bring the neck to the opposite side lateral flexion and the head to the same side rotation. In this position, the Kinesiotape inhibition technique will be applied. The tape will be asked to stay on the person for 2 days, then it will be interrupted for 1 day and then the same application will be made. This practice will continue during the 4 weeks of treatment.
  arm group label: Taping Group with Epidermis Dermis Fascia Technique
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: In addition to the exercise program in the first group, kinesio taping will be applied with web cut cutting with EDF technique on myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius. Before the application, the patient will be seated and asked to bring the neck to the opposite side lateral flexion and the head to the same side rotation. Tape will be applied with EDF technique. The band will be asked to stay on the person for 2 days, then a break for 1 day and then the same application will be made again. This practice will continue during the 4 weeks of treatment.
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Taping
  description: Taping has the effect of accelerating the flow in the tissue by increasing the epidermal dermal distance. The muscle technique used in the study will be applied to the trapezius muscle and aims to reduce the working level of the muscle. The EDF technique, which will be used in another group, aims to create a stronger base taping effect.
  arm group label: Taping Group with Epidermis Dermis Fascia Technique
  arm group label: Taping Group with Muscle Technique
  other name: Exercise
  other name: ischemic compression
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 50 Years
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  facility: 
  contact: 
  contact backup: 
  country: Turkey
  citation: Quintner JL, Bove GM, Cohen ML. A critical evaluation of the trigger point phenomenon. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Mar;54(3):392-9. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu471. Epub 2014 Dec 3.
  PMID: 25477053
  citation: Ertekin E, Kasar ZS, Turkdogan FT. Is early diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome possible with the detection of latent trigger points by shear wave elastography? Pol J Radiol. 2021 Jul 12;86:e425-e431. doi: 10.5114/pjr.2021.108537. eCollection 2021.
  PMID: 34429789
  citation: Celiker R, Atalay A, Guven Z. Health-related quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2010 Oct;14(5):361-6. doi: 10.1007/s11916-010-0141-7.
  PMID: 20690001
  citation: Kafa N, Citaker S, Omeroglu S, Peker T, Coskun N, Diker S. Effects of kinesiologic taping on epidermal-dermal distance, pain, edema and inflammation after experimentally induced soft tissue trauma. Physiother Theory Pract. 2015;31(8):556-61. doi: 10.3109/09593985.2015.1062943.
  PMID: 26492435
  citation: Akpinar FM, Sindel D, Ketenci A. Investigation of Effectiveness of Two Different Kinesiotaping Techniques in Myofascial Pain Syndrome: An Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial. Pain Physician. 2021 Sep;24(6):E721-E731.
  PMID: 34554690
  citation: Dilek B, Batmaz I, Akif Sariyildiz M, Sahin E, Bulut D, Akalin E, Cevik R, Nas K. Effectiveness of training about kinesiotaping in myofascial pain syndrome: A prospective, single-blind, randomized-controlled study. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Mar 4;67(1):17-24. doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2021.4258. eCollection 2021 Mar.
  PMID: 33948539
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
  investigator full name: Nilsah YILMAZ
  investigator title: Lecturer
  mesh term: Myofascial Pain Syndromes
  sharing ipd: No