xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05966948</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>RSUHajiJaTimProv</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT05966948</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>HDP vs NS Intra-articular Injection Among KOA With Obese Patient</brief_title>
    <official_title>Hypertonic Dextrose Prolotherapy Versus Normal Saline Intra-articular Injection Among Knee Osteoarthritis With Obese Patient</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The aim of this randomized controlled trial study was to compare the effect of&#xD;
        intra-articular injection of Hypertonic Dextrose Prolotherapy (HDP) with Normal Saline (NS)&#xD;
        in the clinical improvement of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients with comorbid obesity. The&#xD;
        main questions to be answered are:&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  How does the effect of HDP versus NS intra-articular injection compare to the numerical&#xD;
             rating score (NRS) in obese KOA patients?&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  How does the effect of HDP versus NS intra-articular injection compare to scores of The&#xD;
             Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) in obese KOA patients?&#xD;
  &#xD;
          -  How does the effect of HDP versus NS intra-articular injection compare to the thickness&#xD;
             of the femoral cartilage in obese KOA patients?&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Participants who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomized based on the&#xD;
        order of the outpatient department each day, with odd numbers as the HDP intervention group&#xD;
        and even numbers as NS. They received ultrasound-guided intra-articular injections on day 1&#xD;
        and day 30.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Researchers will compare HDP versus NS groups to see which group improves NRS, WOMAC, and&#xD;
        femoral cartilage thickness.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        This is a randomized controlled study, which recruited KOA patients with obese comorbidity&#xD;
        who were treated at the Outpatient Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at&#xD;
        Rumah Sakit Daerah Haji Provinsi Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia from May to August 2023. The&#xD;
        participants were divided into two groups, including HDP versus NS injections.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Each study participant's identity including age, gender, weight, height, and BMI was&#xD;
        recorded. Then an evaluation of the NRS, WOMAC score, and femoral cartilage thickness was&#xD;
        carried out using ultrasound.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        This study assessed using the NRS scale for pain reduction on a scale of 0 to 10 (0 means no&#xD;
        pain, while 10 means very pain). The WOMAC Score consists of 24 questions with four scales,&#xD;
        namely 0: none, 1: mild, 2: moderate, 3: severe, and 4: very severe. Femoral cartilage&#xD;
        thickness scan using ultrasound with millimeter units.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">May 1, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">October 30, 2023</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">September 30, 2023</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>This study involves two arms assigned randomly for receiving different treatment. One arm for Hypertonic Dextrose Prolotherapy as intervention group and Normal Saline as control group.</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
      <masking_description>Participants who met the eligibility of the study who were on outpatient treatment on that day were randomized in order of queue, odd numbers as the intervention group and even numbers as the control group.</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Numeric Rating Scale</measure>
      <time_frame>Before intervention, day 1, and day 30 after intervention</time_frame>
      <description>A numerical rating scale (NRS) requires the patient to rate their pain on a defined scale. We classified from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>WOMAC Score</measure>
      <time_frame>Before intervention, day 1, and day 30 after intervention</time_frame>
      <description>The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) is widely used in the evaluation of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis. It is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 24 items divided into 3 sub-scales:&#xD;
  (1) Pain (5 items): during walking, using stairs, in bed, sitting or lying, and standing upright; (2) Stiffness (2 items): after first waking and later in the day; (3) Physical Function (17 items): using stairs, rising from sitting, standing, bending, walking, getting in / out of a car, shopping, putting on / taking off socks, rising from bed, lying in bed, getting in / out of bath, sitting, getting on / off toilet, heavy domestic duties, light domestic duties.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Femoral Cartilage Thickness</measure>
      <time_frame>Before intervention, day 1, and day 30 after intervention</time_frame>
      <description>The ultrasound measurement of femoral cartilage thickness is divided into three sites: medial condyle, intercondylar, and lateral condyle on the right and left sides. This measurement is in millimeters units.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">40</enrollment>
    <condition>Knee Osteoarthritis</condition>
    <condition>Obesity</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Hypertonic Dextrose Prolotherapy</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>This group received a Hypertonic dextrose intra articular is 25%, while extra articular 20% injection on day 1 and day 30 with same dose.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Normal Saline</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>This group received Normal Saline injection on day 1 and day 30.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Dextrose Solution</intervention_name>
      <description>Prolotherapy is a regenerative tissue therapy that is considered efficacious for reducing the symptoms and morbidity of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) using hypertonic dextrose as an injectable substance. Treatment will be given two times, on day 1st and 30th day.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Hypertonic Dextrose Prolotherapy</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>Dextrose Injection</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Normal Saline</intervention_name>
      <description>Normal Saline will be intra-articular injected and given two times, on day 1st and 30th day.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Normal Saline</arm_group_label>
      <other_name>Normal Saline Injection</other_name>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patient was diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patient was diagnosed with obesity.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patient with a history of knee trauma.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patient with a history of knee surgery.&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patient with a history of intra-articular injection before.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>30 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Rita Vivera Pane, MD, PhD</last_name>
      <role>Study Chair</role>
      <affiliation>Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Rita Vivera Pane, MD, PhD</last_name>
      <phone>0315924000</phone>
      <email>dr.rita@unusa.ac.id</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <overall_contact_backup>
      <last_name>Aufar Zimamuz Zaman Al Hajiri, MD</last_name>
      <phone>08001401531</phone>
      <email>dr.aufar@gmail.com</email>
    </overall_contact_backup>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia</name>
        <address>
          <city>Surabaya</city>
          <state>East Java</state>
          <country>Indonesia</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
      <status>Recruiting</status>
      <contact>
        <last_name>Aufar Zimamuz Zaman Al Hajiri, MD</last_name>
        <phone>08001401531</phone>
        <email>dr.aufar@gmail.com</email>
      </contact>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Indonesia</country>
    </location_countries>
    <reference>
      <citation>Cortez VS, Moraes WA, Taba JV, Condi A, Suzuki MO, Nascimento FSD, Pipek LZ, Mattos VC, Torsani MB, Meyer A, Hsing WT, Iuamoto LR. Comparing dextrose prolotherapy with other substances in knee osteoarthritis pain relief: A systematic review. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2022 May 17;77:100037. doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100037. eCollection 2022.</citation>
      <PMID>35594623</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Topol GA, Pestalardo IG, Reeves KD, Elias F, Steinmetz NJ, Cheng AL, Rabago D. Dextrose Prolotherapy for Symptomatic Grade IV Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study of Early and Longer-Term Analgesia and Pain-Specific Cytokine Concentrations. Clin Pract. 2022 Nov 14;12(6):926-938. doi: 10.3390/clinpract12060097.</citation>
      <PMID>36412676</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Yu T, Yan S, Chi Z, Zhu D, Cheng P, Li H, Qin S, Zhong G, Ouyang X, Chen R, Jiao L. Comparative efficacy and safety of injection therapies for knee osteoarthritis: A protocol for systematic review and Bayesian network meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Nov 20;99(47):e22943. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022943.</citation>
      <PMID>33217798</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Sit RWS, Wu RWK, Rabago D, Reeves KD, Chan DCC, Yip BHK, Chung VCH, Wong SYS. Efficacy of Intra-Articular Hypertonic Dextrose (Prolotherapy) for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Fam Med. 2020 May;18(3):235-242. doi: 10.1370/afm.2520.</citation>
      <PMID>32393559</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Pane RV, Setiyaningsih R, Widodo G, Al Hajiri AZZ, Salsabil JR. Femoral Cartilage Thickness in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients and Healthy Adults: An Ultrasound Measurement Comparison. ScientificWorldJournal. 2023 Feb 17;2023:3942802. doi: 10.1155/2023/3942802. eCollection 2023.</citation>
      <PMID>36845755</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Akcay S, Gurel Kandemir N, Kaya T, Dogan N, Eren M. Dextrose Prolotherapy Versus Normal Saline Injection for the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2020 Dec;26(12):1159-1168. doi: 10.1089/acm.2020.0286. Epub 2020 Sep 28.</citation>
      <PMID>32990454</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Sit RWS, Wu RWK, Reeves KD, Rabago D, Chan DCC, Yip BHK, Chung VCH, Wong SYS. Efficacy of intra-articular hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy versus normal saline for knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 May 15;18(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2226-5.</citation>
      <PMID>29764447</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Wee TC, Neo EJR, Tan YL. Dextrose prolotherapy in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 20;19:108-117. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.015. eCollection 2021 Aug.</citation>
      <PMID>34046305</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Chen YW, Lin YN, Chen HC, Liou TH, Liao CD, Huang SW. Effectiveness, Compliance, and Safety of Dextrose Prolotherapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis and Metaregression of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Rehabil. 2022 Jun;36(6):740-752. doi: 10.1177/02692155221086213. Epub 2022 Mar 8.</citation>
      <PMID>35257594</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Arias-Vazquez PI, Tovilla-Zarate CA, Legorreta-Ramirez BG, Burad Fonz W, Magana-Ricardez D, Gonzalez-Castro TB, Juarez-Rojop IE, Lopez-Narvaez ML. Prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis using hypertonic dextrose vs other interventional treatments: systematic review of clinical trials. Adv Rheumatol. 2019 Aug 19;59(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s42358-019-0083-7.</citation>
      <PMID>31426856</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>September 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>July 11, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>July 20, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 1, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>September 12, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>September 12, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 13, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>knee osteoarthritis</keyword>
    <keyword>obesity</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Osteoarthritis</mesh_term>
      <mesh_term>Osteoarthritis, Knee</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05966948
  org study id: RSUHajiJaTimProv
  nct id: NCT05966948
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  The aim of this randomized controlled trial study was to compare the effect of
        intra-articular injection of Hypertonic Dextrose Prolotherapy (HDP) with Normal Saline (NS)
        in the clinical improvement of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients with comorbid obesity. The
        main questions to be answered are:
  
          -  How does the effect of HDP versus NS intra-articular injection compare to the numerical
             rating score (NRS) in obese KOA patients?
  
          -  How does the effect of HDP versus NS intra-articular injection compare to scores of The
             Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) in obese KOA patients?
  
          -  How does the effect of HDP versus NS intra-articular injection compare to the thickness
             of the femoral cartilage in obese KOA patients?
  
        Participants who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomized based on the
        order of the outpatient department each day, with odd numbers as the HDP intervention group
        and even numbers as NS. They received ultrasound-guided intra-articular injections on day 1
        and day 30.
  
        Researchers will compare HDP versus NS groups to see which group improves NRS, WOMAC, and
        femoral cartilage thickness.
  This is a randomized controlled study, which recruited KOA patients with obese comorbidity
        who were treated at the Outpatient Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at
        Rumah Sakit Daerah Haji Provinsi Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia from May to August 2023. The
        participants were divided into two groups, including HDP versus NS injections.
  
        Each study participant's identity including age, gender, weight, height, and BMI was
        recorded. Then an evaluation of the NRS, WOMAC score, and femoral cartilage thickness was
        carried out using ultrasound.
  
        This study assessed using the NRS scale for pain reduction on a scale of 0 to 10 (0 means no
        pain, while 10 means very pain). The WOMAC Score consists of 24 questions with four scales,
        namely 0: none, 1: mild, 2: moderate, 3: severe, and 4: very severe. Femoral cartilage
        thickness scan using ultrasound with millimeter units.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  intervention model description: This study involves two arms assigned randomly for receiving different treatment. One arm for Hypertonic Dextrose Prolotherapy as intervention group and Normal Saline as control group.
  primary purpose: Treatment
  masking: Single (Participant)
  masking description: Participants who met the eligibility of the study who were on outpatient treatment on that day were randomized in order of queue, odd numbers as the intervention group and even numbers as the control group.
  measure: Numeric Rating Scale
  time frame: Before intervention, day 1, and day 30 after intervention
  description: A numerical rating scale (NRS) requires the patient to rate their pain on a defined scale. We classified from 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain.
  measure: WOMAC Score
  time frame: Before intervention, day 1, and day 30 after intervention
  description: The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) is widely used in the evaluation of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis. It is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 24 items divided into 3 sub-scales:
  (1) Pain (5 items): during walking, using stairs, in bed, sitting or lying, and standing upright; (2) Stiffness (2 items): after first waking and later in the day; (3) Physical Function (17 items): using stairs, rising from sitting, standing, bending, walking, getting in / out of a car, shopping, putting on / taking off socks, rising from bed, lying in bed, getting in / out of bath, sitting, getting on / off toilet, heavy domestic duties, light domestic duties.
  measure: Femoral Cartilage Thickness
  time frame: Before intervention, day 1, and day 30 after intervention
  description: The ultrasound measurement of femoral cartilage thickness is divided into three sites: medial condyle, intercondylar, and lateral condyle on the right and left sides. This measurement is in millimeters units.
  arm group label: Hypertonic Dextrose Prolotherapy
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: This group received a Hypertonic dextrose intra articular is 25%, while extra articular 20% injection on day 1 and day 30 with same dose.
  arm group label: Normal Saline
  arm group type: Placebo Comparator
  description: This group received Normal Saline injection on day 1 and day 30.
  intervention type: Drug
  intervention name: Dextrose Solution
  description: Prolotherapy is a regenerative tissue therapy that is considered efficacious for reducing the symptoms and morbidity of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) using hypertonic dextrose as an injectable substance. Treatment will be given two times, on day 1st and 30th day.
  arm group label: Hypertonic Dextrose Prolotherapy
  other name: Dextrose Injection
  intervention type: Drug
  intervention name: Normal Saline
  description: Normal Saline will be intra-articular injected and given two times, on day 1st and 30th day.
  arm group label: Normal Saline
  other name: Normal Saline Injection
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 30 Years
  maximum age: N/A
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Rita Vivera Pane, MD, PhD
  role: Study Chair
  affiliation: Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
  last name: Rita Vivera Pane, MD, PhD
  phone: 0315924000
  email: dr.rita@unusa.ac.id
  last name: Aufar Zimamuz Zaman Al Hajiri, MD
  phone: 08001401531
  email: dr.aufar@gmail.com
  facility: 
  status: Recruiting
  contact: 
  country: Indonesia
  citation: Cortez VS, Moraes WA, Taba JV, Condi A, Suzuki MO, Nascimento FSD, Pipek LZ, Mattos VC, Torsani MB, Meyer A, Hsing WT, Iuamoto LR. Comparing dextrose prolotherapy with other substances in knee osteoarthritis pain relief: A systematic review. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2022 May 17;77:100037. doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100037. eCollection 2022.
  PMID: 35594623
  citation: Topol GA, Pestalardo IG, Reeves KD, Elias F, Steinmetz NJ, Cheng AL, Rabago D. Dextrose Prolotherapy for Symptomatic Grade IV Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study of Early and Longer-Term Analgesia and Pain-Specific Cytokine Concentrations. Clin Pract. 2022 Nov 14;12(6):926-938. doi: 10.3390/clinpract12060097.
  PMID: 36412676
  citation: Yu T, Yan S, Chi Z, Zhu D, Cheng P, Li H, Qin S, Zhong G, Ouyang X, Chen R, Jiao L. Comparative efficacy and safety of injection therapies for knee osteoarthritis: A protocol for systematic review and Bayesian network meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Nov 20;99(47):e22943. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022943.
  PMID: 33217798
  citation: Sit RWS, Wu RWK, Rabago D, Reeves KD, Chan DCC, Yip BHK, Chung VCH, Wong SYS. Efficacy of Intra-Articular Hypertonic Dextrose (Prolotherapy) for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Fam Med. 2020 May;18(3):235-242. doi: 10.1370/afm.2520.
  PMID: 32393559
  citation: Pane RV, Setiyaningsih R, Widodo G, Al Hajiri AZZ, Salsabil JR. Femoral Cartilage Thickness in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients and Healthy Adults: An Ultrasound Measurement Comparison. ScientificWorldJournal. 2023 Feb 17;2023:3942802. doi: 10.1155/2023/3942802. eCollection 2023.
  PMID: 36845755
  citation: Akcay S, Gurel Kandemir N, Kaya T, Dogan N, Eren M. Dextrose Prolotherapy Versus Normal Saline Injection for the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2020 Dec;26(12):1159-1168. doi: 10.1089/acm.2020.0286. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
  PMID: 32990454
  citation: Sit RWS, Wu RWK, Reeves KD, Rabago D, Chan DCC, Yip BHK, Chung VCH, Wong SYS. Efficacy of intra-articular hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy versus normal saline for knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 May 15;18(1):157. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2226-5.
  PMID: 29764447
  citation: Wee TC, Neo EJR, Tan YL. Dextrose prolotherapy in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 20;19:108-117. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.015. eCollection 2021 Aug.
  PMID: 34046305
  citation: Chen YW, Lin YN, Chen HC, Liou TH, Liao CD, Huang SW. Effectiveness, Compliance, and Safety of Dextrose Prolotherapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis and Metaregression of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Rehabil. 2022 Jun;36(6):740-752. doi: 10.1177/02692155221086213. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
  PMID: 35257594
  citation: Arias-Vazquez PI, Tovilla-Zarate CA, Legorreta-Ramirez BG, Burad Fonz W, Magana-Ricardez D, Gonzalez-Castro TB, Juarez-Rojop IE, Lopez-Narvaez ML. Prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis using hypertonic dextrose vs other interventional treatments: systematic review of clinical trials. Adv Rheumatol. 2019 Aug 19;59(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s42358-019-0083-7.
  PMID: 31426856
  responsible party type: Sponsor
  mesh term: Osteoarthritis
  mesh term: Osteoarthritis, Knee