xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06032780</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>ISB/REC/PhD/01199 Iqbal Tariq</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06032780</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Eccentric Resistance Training Among Individuals With Chronic Heart Failure</brief_title>
    <official_title>Effects of Eccentric Resistance Training on Ventricle Functions and Aerobic Capacity Among Individuals With Chronic Heart Failure</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Riphah International University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Riphah International University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        To determine the effects of eccentric resistive training on ventricle functions and aerobic&#xD;
        capacity as compared to a resistance and aerobic training among Heart failure (HF)&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">September 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2025</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2025</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Double (Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
      <masking_description>Group allocation will be kept blinded to the assessor and to the treatment provider (trained physical therapist).</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Ventricle Functions</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes from the baseline will be measured. Doppler resting echocardiography will be performed to measure ventricle functions. Standard views, including the parasternal long-axis, short-axis at the papillary muscle level, and apical 4- and 2-chamber views will be recorded. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and end systolic and end-diastolic diameters (LVESD and LVEDD) will be measured using formula (Tiecholz formula i-e spherical volume of the heart multiplied by a correction factor). Any structural changes will also be recorded.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Aerobic Capacity</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week. The 6-min walk test provides an indirect measure of cardiovascular functional/aerobic capacity. Six Minute Walk test (6MWT) will be used to assess the functional capacity of the individuals with HF. The subjects will be instructed to walk for 6 minutes at a given time along a 30-m line at an interval of 1.5 m in an outdoor corridor, and the distance walked will be recorded in meters. The participants will be encouraged to continue walking as fast as possible. Then a generalized equation will be used to predict peak VO2 from 6 minute walk distance (6MWD) with the help of formula. Mean Peak VO2 (ml/kg/Mean) = 4.948 + 0.023 *Mean 6MWD (meters)</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire)</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes from the baseline will be measured. Quality of life will be measured through Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). It is one of the most widely used health-related quality of life questionnaires for individuals with HF. It provides scores for two dimensions, physical and emotional, and a total score. The MLHFQ is a self-administered, 21-item disease-specific instrument for individuals with HF. Each item is scored in a 6-point Likert Scale (0 to 5), thus the total score could range from 0 to 105, with higher scores indicating more significant impairment in health-related quality of life. The MLHFQ has two domains; physical domain (eight items, score range from 0 to 40) and emotional domain (five items, score range from 0 to 25).</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Strength</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week. Maximum muscle strength of the all major muscles biceps, triceps, quadriceps and hamstring, will be measured in sitting position with (MicroFET2 Digital Handheld Dynamometer muscle tester).</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Maximal strength of respiratory muscles</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week. Maximum Inspiratory pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory pressure (MEP) will be assessed through a handheld mouth pressure meter.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week, the digital spirometer is used in clinical setting to analyze Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second FEV1 in Liters</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Forced vital Capacity (FVC)</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week, the digital spirometer is used in clinical setting to analyze Forced vital Capacity in Liters</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week, the digital spirometer is used in clinical setting to analyze peak expiratory flow PEF in Liter/second.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Cardiac Risk Factors - Blood Pressure</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes from the Baseline, Blood pressure (Bp) (both systolic/diastolic) will be measured in mmHg. It will be measured manually through sphygmomanometer by trained assessor in sitting position at baseline and at end of training on each week (for safety check).</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Cardiac Risk Factors - Body mass index</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes will be measured at baseline, 6th week and at 12th week. Weight in kilograms (kg) and Height in meters (m) will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2 to measure the Body mass index</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Cardiac Risk Factors - Lipid profile</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes form the baseline, The lipid profile includes total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). All units are in mmol/L.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes from baseline SPO2 was measured in percentage. Oxygen immersion is the division of oxygen-soaked hemoglobin with respect to add up to hemoglobin in the blood. Pulse oximeter measure it. It will also be measured on each week (for safety check)</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Change in heart rate variability (HRV)</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>HRV is obtained from the spectral analysis of R-R intervals obtained from a heart rate monitor (Polar belt) during 6 MWT. It will be assessed at baseline, 4 th week, 8th week and at 12th week.</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes from baseline will be measured, It is most commonly used to assess symptoms of breathlessness. It starts at number 0 where your breathing is causing you no difficulty at all and progresses through to number 10 where your breathing difficulty is maximal. It will be assess while participants doing 6 MWT.</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes from the baseline Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) is a method of evaluating the impact of fatigue on you. The FSS is a short questionnaire that requires you to rate your level of fatigue. The FSS questionnaire contains nine statements that rate the severity of your fatigue symptoms. It will be assess while participants doing 6 MWT.</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Adverse events</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>The number of adverse events resulting from the intervention will be noted.</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Change in medication</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Any reporting on hospitalization, visits to cardiologist/medical specialist and any change in medication will be recorded on questionnaire.</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Adherence to the program</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>proportion % of the 36 potential sessions of adherent patients will be estimated in each of the periods followed.</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Satisfaction score</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) is a psychometrically validated scale, which could serve as a useful tool to assess patient satisfaction with Cardiac Rehabilitation. It is a 22-item self-measurement of how well patients perceive their chronic condition(s) are being managed by their health care team. Patients answer using a Likert scale of answers ranging from 1-5, with 1 signifying &quot;None of the time&quot; and 5 signifying &quot;Always&quot;. the overall PACIC score is calculated by averaging scores across all 20 items. Higher scores denote greater satisfaction.</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <other_outcome>
      <measure>Thigh circumference</measure>
      <time_frame>12 week</time_frame>
      <description>Changes will be measured at baseline, 6th week and at 12th week. Thigh circumference (TC) will be measured using a tape measure in centimeter at the mid-trochanterion tibiale lateral site perpendicular to the longitudinal axis while the subject was standing.</description>
    </other_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">84</enrollment>
    <condition>Heart Failure</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Eccentric Resistive Training + Aerobic training Group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Resistance Training + Aerobic training Group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Aerobic training Group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Eccentric Resistive Training + Aerobic training Group</intervention_name>
      <description>Eccentric Resistive training includes upper limb (biceps and triceps) and lower limb large muscle training (quadriceps and hamstrings) 2 sets of 12 repetitions (reps) for each group of muscles in lengthened position for eccentric training in approx. 20 minutes (min). Intensity will be based on 1 repetition maximum (1RM) starting from 20% of (1RM) and its intensity in percentage will be progress by 10% after every two weeks. Stair descending training and squatting position and eccentric hamstring curls with weights at ankle for lower limb eccentric training progressive as per tolerance in response to modified Borg scale (with cut off of showing dyspnea of 4 somewhat hard) and Numeric Pain rating scale (with cut off of showing 7 on scale, crossing moderate pain) . (approx. 20 min).&#xD;
  + Aerobic training as a control will be given to this group as well for approximately 30 minutes per session.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Eccentric Resistive Training + Aerobic training Group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Resistance Training + Aerobic training Group</intervention_name>
      <description>Resistive training (concentric) includes Upper limb (biceps and triceps) and lower limb large muscle training (quadriceps and hamstrings), 2 sets of 12 reps for each group of muscles in approx. 30 min. Intensity will be based on 1 repetition maximum (1RM) starting from 20% of (1RM) and its intensity in percentage will be progress by 10% after every two weeks. Stair climbing training and quadriceps training + standing hamstring curls with weight at ankle for lower limb concentric training progressive as per tolerance in response to modified Borg scale (with cut off of showing dyspnea of 4 somewhat hard) and Numeric Pain rating scale (with cut off of showing 7 on scale, crossing moderate pain)&#xD;
  + Aerobic training as a control will be given to this group as well for approximately 30 minutes per session.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Resistance Training + Aerobic training Group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Aerobic training Group</intervention_name>
      <description>Aerobic training as a control will be given to this group as well for approximately 60 minutes per session. Aerobic training exercise will be completed via a ergometer/stationary cycle; type will be continuous aerobic exercise and intensity of 60% of max HR (or peak VO2) in HF individuals.</description>
      <arm_group_label>Aerobic training Group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Patient able to safely perform lower limb exercise will be check by six- minute walk&#xD;
               test (6 MWT)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Diagnosis of Chronic HF and currently on optimal medical therapy&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Already participating in cardiac rehabilitation&#xD;
  &#xD;
                 -  New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification of HF class IV HF symptoms&#xD;
  &#xD;
                 -  Co-existent other disease such as asthma/ COPD/interstitial lung disease.&#xD;
  &#xD;
                 -  Symptomatic Second degree or third degree heart block.&#xD;
  &#xD;
                 -  ECG with uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmia&#xD;
  &#xD;
                 -  limited Exercise ability due to neurologic or orthopedic impairments of the legs&#xD;
                    (will cross-check with 6 MWT)&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Muhammad Iqbal Tariq, PhD*</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>Riphah International University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Arshad Nawaz Malik, PhD</last_name>
      <role>Study Chair</role>
      <affiliation>Riphah International University</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Shane Patman, PhD</last_name>
      <role>Study Chair</role>
      <affiliation>University of Notre Dame Australia</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Muhammad Iqbal Tariq, PhD*</last_name>
      <phone>+923338236752</phone>
      <email>iqbal.tariq@riphah.edu.pk</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Pakistan Railway Hospital</name>
        <address>
          <city>Rawalpindi</city>
          <state>Punjab</state>
          <zip>46000</zip>
          <country>Pakistan</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
      <contact>
        <last_name>Muhammad Iqbal Tariq, PhD*</last_name>
        <phone>+923338236752</phone>
        <email>iqbal.tariq@riphah.edu.pk</email>
      </contact>
      <investigator>
        <last_name>Iqbal Tariq, PhD*</last_name>
        <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      </investigator>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Pakistan</country>
    </location_countries>
    <verification_date>September 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>September 5, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>September 5, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 13, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>September 5, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>September 5, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 13, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
    </responsible_party>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Heart Failure</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06032780
  org study id: ISB/REC/PhD/01199 Iqbal Tariq
  nct id: NCT06032780
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: Yes
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  To determine the effects of eccentric resistive training on ventricle functions and aerobic
        capacity as compared to a resistance and aerobic training among Heart failure (HF)
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  primary purpose: Other
  masking: Double (Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
  masking description: Group allocation will be kept blinded to the assessor and to the treatment provider (trained physical therapist).
  measure: Ventricle Functions
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes from the baseline will be measured. Doppler resting echocardiography will be performed to measure ventricle functions. Standard views, including the parasternal long-axis, short-axis at the papillary muscle level, and apical 4- and 2-chamber views will be recorded. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and end systolic and end-diastolic diameters (LVESD and LVEDD) will be measured using formula (Tiecholz formula i-e spherical volume of the heart multiplied by a correction factor). Any structural changes will also be recorded.
  measure: Aerobic Capacity
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week. The 6-min walk test provides an indirect measure of cardiovascular functional/aerobic capacity. Six Minute Walk test (6MWT) will be used to assess the functional capacity of the individuals with HF. The subjects will be instructed to walk for 6 minutes at a given time along a 30-m line at an interval of 1.5 m in an outdoor corridor, and the distance walked will be recorded in meters. The participants will be encouraged to continue walking as fast as possible. Then a generalized equation will be used to predict peak VO2 from 6 minute walk distance (6MWD) with the help of formula. Mean Peak VO2 (ml/kg/Mean) = 4.948 + 0.023 *Mean 6MWD (meters)
  measure: Quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire)
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes from the baseline will be measured. Quality of life will be measured through Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). It is one of the most widely used health-related quality of life questionnaires for individuals with HF. It provides scores for two dimensions, physical and emotional, and a total score. The MLHFQ is a self-administered, 21-item disease-specific instrument for individuals with HF. Each item is scored in a 6-point Likert Scale (0 to 5), thus the total score could range from 0 to 105, with higher scores indicating more significant impairment in health-related quality of life. The MLHFQ has two domains; physical domain (eight items, score range from 0 to 40) and emotional domain (five items, score range from 0 to 25).
  measure: Strength
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week. Maximum muscle strength of the all major muscles biceps, triceps, quadriceps and hamstring, will be measured in sitting position with (MicroFET2 Digital Handheld Dynamometer muscle tester).
  measure: Maximal strength of respiratory muscles
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week. Maximum Inspiratory pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory pressure (MEP) will be assessed through a handheld mouth pressure meter.
  measure: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week, the digital spirometer is used in clinical setting to analyze Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second FEV1 in Liters
  measure: Forced vital Capacity (FVC)
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week, the digital spirometer is used in clinical setting to analyze Forced vital Capacity in Liters
  measure: Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes will be measured at baseline, 4th week, 8th week and 12th week, the digital spirometer is used in clinical setting to analyze peak expiratory flow PEF in Liter/second.
  measure: Cardiac Risk Factors - Blood Pressure
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes from the Baseline, Blood pressure (Bp) (both systolic/diastolic) will be measured in mmHg. It will be measured manually through sphygmomanometer by trained assessor in sitting position at baseline and at end of training on each week (for safety check).
  measure: Cardiac Risk Factors - Body mass index
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes will be measured at baseline, 6th week and at 12th week. Weight in kilograms (kg) and Height in meters (m) will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2 to measure the Body mass index
  measure: Cardiac Risk Factors - Lipid profile
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes form the baseline, The lipid profile includes total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). All units are in mmol/L.
  measure: Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes from baseline SPO2 was measured in percentage. Oxygen immersion is the division of oxygen-soaked hemoglobin with respect to add up to hemoglobin in the blood. Pulse oximeter measure it. It will also be measured on each week (for safety check)
  measure: Change in heart rate variability (HRV)
  time frame: 12 week
  description: HRV is obtained from the spectral analysis of R-R intervals obtained from a heart rate monitor (Polar belt) during 6 MWT. It will be assessed at baseline, 4 th week, 8th week and at 12th week.
  measure: Modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes from baseline will be measured, It is most commonly used to assess symptoms of breathlessness. It starts at number 0 where your breathing is causing you no difficulty at all and progresses through to number 10 where your breathing difficulty is maximal. It will be assess while participants doing 6 MWT.
  measure: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes from the baseline Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) is a method of evaluating the impact of fatigue on you. The FSS is a short questionnaire that requires you to rate your level of fatigue. The FSS questionnaire contains nine statements that rate the severity of your fatigue symptoms. It will be assess while participants doing 6 MWT.
  measure: Adverse events
  time frame: 12 week
  description: The number of adverse events resulting from the intervention will be noted.
  measure: Change in medication
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Any reporting on hospitalization, visits to cardiologist/medical specialist and any change in medication will be recorded on questionnaire.
  measure: Adherence to the program
  time frame: 12 week
  description: proportion % of the 36 potential sessions of adherent patients will be estimated in each of the periods followed.
  measure: Satisfaction score
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) is a psychometrically validated scale, which could serve as a useful tool to assess patient satisfaction with Cardiac Rehabilitation. It is a 22-item self-measurement of how well patients perceive their chronic condition(s) are being managed by their health care team. Patients answer using a Likert scale of answers ranging from 1-5, with 1 signifying "None of the time" and 5 signifying "Always". the overall PACIC score is calculated by averaging scores across all 20 items. Higher scores denote greater satisfaction.
  measure: Thigh circumference
  time frame: 12 week
  description: Changes will be measured at baseline, 6th week and at 12th week. Thigh circumference (TC) will be measured using a tape measure in centimeter at the mid-trochanterion tibiale lateral site perpendicular to the longitudinal axis while the subject was standing.
  arm group label: Eccentric Resistive Training + Aerobic training Group
  arm group type: Experimental
  arm group label: Resistance Training + Aerobic training Group
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  arm group label: Aerobic training Group
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Eccentric Resistive Training + Aerobic training Group
  description: Eccentric Resistive training includes upper limb (biceps and triceps) and lower limb large muscle training (quadriceps and hamstrings) 2 sets of 12 repetitions (reps) for each group of muscles in lengthened position for eccentric training in approx. 20 minutes (min). Intensity will be based on 1 repetition maximum (1RM) starting from 20% of (1RM) and its intensity in percentage will be progress by 10% after every two weeks. Stair descending training and squatting position and eccentric hamstring curls with weights at ankle for lower limb eccentric training progressive as per tolerance in response to modified Borg scale (with cut off of showing dyspnea of 4 somewhat hard) and Numeric Pain rating scale (with cut off of showing 7 on scale, crossing moderate pain) . (approx. 20 min).
  + Aerobic training as a control will be given to this group as well for approximately 30 minutes per session.
  arm group label: Eccentric Resistive Training + Aerobic training Group
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Resistance Training + Aerobic training Group
  description: Resistive training (concentric) includes Upper limb (biceps and triceps) and lower limb large muscle training (quadriceps and hamstrings), 2 sets of 12 reps for each group of muscles in approx. 30 min. Intensity will be based on 1 repetition maximum (1RM) starting from 20% of (1RM) and its intensity in percentage will be progress by 10% after every two weeks. Stair climbing training and quadriceps training + standing hamstring curls with weight at ankle for lower limb concentric training progressive as per tolerance in response to modified Borg scale (with cut off of showing dyspnea of 4 somewhat hard) and Numeric Pain rating scale (with cut off of showing 7 on scale, crossing moderate pain)
  + Aerobic training as a control will be given to this group as well for approximately 30 minutes per session.
  arm group label: Resistance Training + Aerobic training Group
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Aerobic training Group
  description: Aerobic training as a control will be given to this group as well for approximately 60 minutes per session. Aerobic training exercise will be completed via a ergometer/stationary cycle; type will be continuous aerobic exercise and intensity of 60% of max HR (or peak VO2) in HF individuals.
  arm group label: Aerobic training Group
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: N/A
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Muhammad Iqbal Tariq, PhD*
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: Riphah International University
  last name: Arshad Nawaz Malik, PhD
  role: Study Chair
  affiliation: Riphah International University
  last name: Shane Patman, PhD
  role: Study Chair
  affiliation: University of Notre Dame Australia
  last name: Muhammad Iqbal Tariq, PhD*
  phone: +923338236752
  email: iqbal.tariq@riphah.edu.pk
  facility: 
  contact: 
  investigator: 
  country: Pakistan
  responsible party type: Sponsor
  mesh term: Heart Failure
  sharing ipd: No