xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05977426</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>2023/4577</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT05977426</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>The Effects of Reiki on Menopausal Symptoms and Depression Levels</brief_title>
    <official_title>The Effects of Reiki on Menopausal Symptoms and Depression Levels in the Postmenopausal Period: A Randomized Clinical Trial</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Inonu University</agency>
        <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Inonu University</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of Reiki applied to women in the&#xD;
        postmenopausal period on menopausal symptoms and depression levels.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Methodology:This randomized controlled study was conducted with postmenopausal women&#xD;
        registered in a family health center in eastern Türkiye. The sample of the study consisted of&#xD;
        82 women, 41 in the Reiki group and 41 in the control group. While four sessions of Reiki&#xD;
        were applied to the women in the Reiki group, once a week for 4 weeks, no intervention was&#xD;
        applied to the control group. Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and Beck Depression Inventory&#xD;
        (BDI) were used to collect data.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        Design This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial in which participants were&#xD;
        randomly assigned to Reiki or control groups.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Location and time The study was conducted with postmenopausal women registered at a Family&#xD;
        Health Center (FHC) located in the center of a province in eastern Türkiye between May 2023&#xD;
        and July 2023. The center is a primary healthcare institution that provides general&#xD;
        healthcare services and reproductive healthcare services (such as family planning, education,&#xD;
        and counseling). There is no application specific to the menopausal period in the center.&#xD;
        This center was randomly selected considering its socioeconomic level, proximity to the city&#xD;
        center, and the number of women registered in the center. The center serves approximately&#xD;
        15.000 individuals, of which approximately 5100 are women. In addition, there was a quiet and&#xD;
        calm hall in the center where Reiki could be practiced.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Population and sample of the study The population of the study consisted of postmenopausal&#xD;
        women registered to the determined FHC. Women who applied to the FHC for any reason, agreed&#xD;
        to participate voluntarily, and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The&#xD;
        criteria for inclusion in the study were as follows: Those who were between the ages of&#xD;
        45-55, did not have hearing problems, did not have any psychiatric diseases, were in a&#xD;
        natural menopause period, and did not take hormone replacement therapy.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        A web-based software was used to determine the sample size. Priori-power analysis was&#xD;
        performed to estimate the appropriate sample size. In the literature, the mean score of&#xD;
        menopausal symptoms, which is the primary result of the study, was found to be 16.6 (standard&#xD;
        deviation 8.9). The sample size was calculated as 41 for each group (41 Reiki group, 41&#xD;
        control group), assuming a 5% error level, bidirectional significance level, 95% confidence&#xD;
        interval, 80% representation of the population, and assuming to create a decrease in the&#xD;
        post-intervention menopausal symptoms mean score by 5 points.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        To reach the sample size, 140 women were evaluated in terms of eligibility criteria. 47 women&#xD;
        who did not meet the inclusion criteria and 19 women who refused to participate in the study&#xD;
        were excluded from the study. 7 out of 50 women included in the Reiki group were excluded&#xD;
        from the study because they did not continue the sessions after the second Reiki session.&#xD;
        Seven of the 53 women included in the control group were excluded from the study because they&#xD;
        did not want to continue the study. The research was completed with a total of 82 women, 41&#xD;
        of them in the Reiki group and 41 of them in the control group.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Randomization The allocation of women to the Reiki and control groups in the study was done&#xD;
        by simple randomization. For randomization, using the random number generation method&#xD;
        available on the random.org site, numbers in which the numbers 1 and 2 are randomly sorted&#xD;
        were created in the system. Women who accepted to participate in the study and met the&#xD;
        inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to number 1 or 2 according to the order of arrival&#xD;
        at the FHC. Which number would be the Reiki or control group was determined by drawing lots&#xD;
        before starting the study. Number 1 formed the Reiki group, number 2 formed the control&#xD;
        group. The same method was continued until the women in the Reiki and control groups reached&#xD;
        the sample size.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Data collection tools In the study, data were collected with a sociodemographic questionnaire&#xD;
        including questions about age, last menstrual period, education level and income level,&#xD;
        Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and a question investigating&#xD;
        the level of being affected by menopause complaints. The question investigating the level of&#xD;
        being affected by menopause is: &quot;At which level do menopause complaints affect you?&quot;. Women&#xD;
        answered this question on a scale of 0 (very little/very slightly) to 10 (extreme/very much).&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was developed to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms.&#xD;
        The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale was performed in 2005. The scale consists&#xD;
        of 11 items and 3 subscales. These 3 subscales are called somato-vegetative complaints (such&#xD;
        as night sweating and hot flush), psychological complaints (such as anxiety and depression),&#xD;
        and urogenital complaints (such as urethral syndrome and vaginal dryness). The scale is in&#xD;
        the form of a 5-point Likert type and each item is graded between zero (no complaints) and&#xD;
        four (severe symptoms) points. The total score that can be obtained from the scale varies&#xD;
        between 0-44 points. An increase in the total score obtained from the scale indicates that&#xD;
        the menopausal complaints experienced are intensified. The Cronbach's alpha reliability&#xD;
        coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.84.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is used to have information about depressive symptoms and&#xD;
        attitudes by evaluating the findings of emotional, cognitive, and motivational symptoms that&#xD;
        can be seen in depression. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the inventory was&#xD;
        carried out. Depressive symptoms and attitudes were collected under 21 headings (moodiness,&#xD;
        pessimism, sense of failure, joylessness, sense of guilt, sense of punishment, self-blame,&#xD;
        suicidal ideation, desire to cry, level of irritability, social loneliness, indecision,&#xD;
        change in body image, inability to work, sleep disorder, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight&#xD;
        loss, somatic complaints, and loss of libido). Each item is scored between 0 (not at all) and&#xD;
        3 (severe) according to the severity of the displayed behavior. The lowest score that can be&#xD;
        obtained from the inventory is 0, and the highest score is 63. A high total score indicates a&#xD;
        high level of depression severity. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale&#xD;
        was determined as 0.80.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Data collection In the study, data were collected from women who applied to the FHC for&#xD;
        general healthcare services after receiving service. After being informed about the research&#xD;
        by the researcher ESB, data collection tools were applied to the volunteer women in a hall in&#xD;
        the FHC by face-to-face interview method. Four weeks after the data collection tools used in&#xD;
        the research were filled in as a pre-test, post-test data were obtained with the same&#xD;
        measurement tools.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        Intervention The Reiki intervention was administered free of charge by the ESB from&#xD;
        researchers holding a Usui Shiki Ryoho Reiki 1 (Degree 1) in the study. The researcher&#xD;
        received training and certification in Reiki techniques before starting the study. After&#xD;
        completing the training program, the researcher applied Reiki to the Reiki group once a week&#xD;
        for 4 weeks. The sessions were held individually in a hall in the ASM, taking into account&#xD;
        the times available to the women in the sample. Each session lasted 30-40 minutes. The Reiki&#xD;
        application in the study was based on the First Degree Reiki (Reiki I) protocol. In Reiki I,&#xD;
        the &quot;aura attunement&quot; between the practitioner and the person provides healing by touching or&#xD;
        holding the hands a few cm above the body. The following sequence is generally applied in the&#xD;
        Reiki protocol. 1. Before starting Reiki, the jewelry on the practitioner and the participant&#xD;
        is removed. 2. The person sits or lies down in a comfortable position. The arms and legs&#xD;
        remain open so that they do not touch each other. 3. Keeping the practitioner's fingers in a&#xD;
        comfortable position, energy is sent to each chakra or area on the body for 3-5 minutes. 6.&#xD;
        Hands are washed. In addition to the general protocol of reiki, the practitioner preferred a&#xD;
        quiet room and dimmed the light of the room to prevent distraction and practiced in a dim&#xD;
        environment. No intervention was applied to the control group by the researcher. Women in the&#xD;
        control group received the service they needed from ASM.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Actual">May 1, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Actual">July 23, 2023</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Actual">June 1, 2023</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
      <masking_description>This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Menopause Rating Scale (MRS)</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from menopause symptoms levels at 4 weeks</time_frame>
      <description>The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) assess the severity of menopausal symptoms. The scale consists of 11 items and 3 subscales. These 3 subscales are called somato-vegetative complaints (such as night sweating and hot flush), psychological complaints (such as anxiety and depression), and urogenital complaints (such as urethral syndrome and vaginal dryness). The scale is in the form of a 5-point Likert type and each item is graded between zero (no complaints) and four (severe symptoms) points. The total score that can be obtained from the scale varies between 0-44 points. An increase in the total score obtained from the scale indicates that the menopausal complaints experienced are intensified.</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)</measure>
      <time_frame>Change from depression levels at 4 weeks</time_frame>
      <description>Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is used to have information about depressive symptoms and attitudes by evaluating the findings of emotional, cognitive, and motivational symptoms that can be seen in depression. Depressive symptoms and attitudes were collected under 21 headings (moodiness, pessimism, sense of failure, joylessness, sense of guilt, sense of punishment, self-blame, suicidal ideation, desire to cry, level of irritability, social loneliness, indecision, change in body image, inability to work, sleep disorder, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, somatic complaints, and loss of libido). Each item is scored between 0 (not at all) and 3 (severe) according to the severity of the displayed behavior. The lowest score that can be obtained from the inventory is 0, and the highest score is 63. A high total score indicates a high level of depression severity.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Actual">82</enrollment>
    <condition>Therapeutic Touch</condition>
    <condition>Menopausal Symptoms</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Reiki</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>A sociodemographic questionnaire including questions about age, last menstrual period, education level and income level, Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were utilized for the collection of research data. And a question investigating the level of being affected by menopause complaints. The question investigating the level of being affected by menopause is: &quot;At which level do menopause complaints affect you?&quot;. Women answered this question on a scale of 0 (very little/very slightly) to 10 (extreme/very much). Data were collected from women who applied to the FHC for general healthcare services after receiving service. Women in the experimental group received Reiki once a week for four weeks. No initiative was applied to the pregnant women in the control group. Each session lasted 30-40 minutes. Four weeks after the data collection tools used in the research were filled in as a pre-test, post-test data were obtained with the same measurement tools.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Routine checks</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
      <description>The researchers applied no initiative to the control group, and the women in the control group solely had the routine checks. The women in the control group filled out all pretest forms(A sociodemographic questionnaire including questions about age, last menstrual period, education level and income level, Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)). The post-test forms (MRS, BDI) were re-administered 4 weeks later to women who did not receive any intervention.</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Reiki</intervention_name>
      <description>In the study, women received four Reiki sessions once a week for four weeks from the researchers with Usuı Shiki Ryoho Reiki 1</description>
      <arm_group_label>Reiki</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  who were between the ages of 45-55,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  did not have hearing problems,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  did not have any psychiatric diseases,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  were in a natural menopause period,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  did not take hormone replacement therapy.&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  having a diagnosis of any psychiatric illness&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>Female</gender>
      <gender_based>Yes</gender_based>
      <gender_description>Women between the ages of 45-55 years</gender_description>
      <minimum_age>45 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>55 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Esra Sabanci Baransel</name>
        <address>
          <city>Malatya</city>
          <country>Turkey</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Turkey</country>
    </location_countries>
    <verification_date>August 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>July 25, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>August 2, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 4, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>August 2, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>August 2, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 4, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
      <investigator_affiliation>Inonu University</investigator_affiliation>
      <investigator_full_name>Esra SABANCI BARANSEL</investigator_full_name>
      <investigator_title>Assit. Prof</investigator_title>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Reiki</keyword>
    <keyword>menopause</keyword>
    <keyword>menopausal symptoms</keyword>
    <keyword>depression</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Depression</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05977426
  org study id: 2023/4577
  nct id: NCT05977426
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of Reiki applied to women in the
        postmenopausal period on menopausal symptoms and depression levels.
  
        Methodology:This randomized controlled study was conducted with postmenopausal women
        registered in a family health center in eastern Türkiye. The sample of the study consisted of
        82 women, 41 in the Reiki group and 41 in the control group. While four sessions of Reiki
        were applied to the women in the Reiki group, once a week for 4 weeks, no intervention was
        applied to the control group. Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and Beck Depression Inventory
        (BDI) were used to collect data.
  Design This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial in which participants were
        randomly assigned to Reiki or control groups.
  
        Location and time The study was conducted with postmenopausal women registered at a Family
        Health Center (FHC) located in the center of a province in eastern Türkiye between May 2023
        and July 2023. The center is a primary healthcare institution that provides general
        healthcare services and reproductive healthcare services (such as family planning, education,
        and counseling). There is no application specific to the menopausal period in the center.
        This center was randomly selected considering its socioeconomic level, proximity to the city
        center, and the number of women registered in the center. The center serves approximately
        15.000 individuals, of which approximately 5100 are women. In addition, there was a quiet and
        calm hall in the center where Reiki could be practiced.
  
        Population and sample of the study The population of the study consisted of postmenopausal
        women registered to the determined FHC. Women who applied to the FHC for any reason, agreed
        to participate voluntarily, and met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The
        criteria for inclusion in the study were as follows: Those who were between the ages of
        45-55, did not have hearing problems, did not have any psychiatric diseases, were in a
        natural menopause period, and did not take hormone replacement therapy.
  
        A web-based software was used to determine the sample size. Priori-power analysis was
        performed to estimate the appropriate sample size. In the literature, the mean score of
        menopausal symptoms, which is the primary result of the study, was found to be 16.6 (standard
        deviation 8.9). The sample size was calculated as 41 for each group (41 Reiki group, 41
        control group), assuming a 5% error level, bidirectional significance level, 95% confidence
        interval, 80% representation of the population, and assuming to create a decrease in the
        post-intervention menopausal symptoms mean score by 5 points.
  
        To reach the sample size, 140 women were evaluated in terms of eligibility criteria. 47 women
        who did not meet the inclusion criteria and 19 women who refused to participate in the study
        were excluded from the study. 7 out of 50 women included in the Reiki group were excluded
        from the study because they did not continue the sessions after the second Reiki session.
        Seven of the 53 women included in the control group were excluded from the study because they
        did not want to continue the study. The research was completed with a total of 82 women, 41
        of them in the Reiki group and 41 of them in the control group.
  
        Randomization The allocation of women to the Reiki and control groups in the study was done
        by simple randomization. For randomization, using the random number generation method
        available on the random.org site, numbers in which the numbers 1 and 2 are randomly sorted
        were created in the system. Women who accepted to participate in the study and met the
        inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to number 1 or 2 according to the order of arrival
        at the FHC. Which number would be the Reiki or control group was determined by drawing lots
        before starting the study. Number 1 formed the Reiki group, number 2 formed the control
        group. The same method was continued until the women in the Reiki and control groups reached
        the sample size.
  
        Data collection tools In the study, data were collected with a sociodemographic questionnaire
        including questions about age, last menstrual period, education level and income level,
        Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and a question investigating
        the level of being affected by menopause complaints. The question investigating the level of
        being affected by menopause is: "At which level do menopause complaints affect you?". Women
        answered this question on a scale of 0 (very little/very slightly) to 10 (extreme/very much).
  
        The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was developed to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms.
        The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale was performed in 2005. The scale consists
        of 11 items and 3 subscales. These 3 subscales are called somato-vegetative complaints (such
        as night sweating and hot flush), psychological complaints (such as anxiety and depression),
        and urogenital complaints (such as urethral syndrome and vaginal dryness). The scale is in
        the form of a 5-point Likert type and each item is graded between zero (no complaints) and
        four (severe symptoms) points. The total score that can be obtained from the scale varies
        between 0-44 points. An increase in the total score obtained from the scale indicates that
        the menopausal complaints experienced are intensified. The Cronbach's alpha reliability
        coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.84.
  
        Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is used to have information about depressive symptoms and
        attitudes by evaluating the findings of emotional, cognitive, and motivational symptoms that
        can be seen in depression. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the inventory was
        carried out. Depressive symptoms and attitudes were collected under 21 headings (moodiness,
        pessimism, sense of failure, joylessness, sense of guilt, sense of punishment, self-blame,
        suicidal ideation, desire to cry, level of irritability, social loneliness, indecision,
        change in body image, inability to work, sleep disorder, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight
        loss, somatic complaints, and loss of libido). Each item is scored between 0 (not at all) and
        3 (severe) according to the severity of the displayed behavior. The lowest score that can be
        obtained from the inventory is 0, and the highest score is 63. A high total score indicates a
        high level of depression severity. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the scale
        was determined as 0.80.
  
        Data collection In the study, data were collected from women who applied to the FHC for
        general healthcare services after receiving service. After being informed about the research
        by the researcher ESB, data collection tools were applied to the volunteer women in a hall in
        the FHC by face-to-face interview method. Four weeks after the data collection tools used in
        the research were filled in as a pre-test, post-test data were obtained with the same
        measurement tools.
  
        Intervention The Reiki intervention was administered free of charge by the ESB from
        researchers holding a Usui Shiki Ryoho Reiki 1 (Degree 1) in the study. The researcher
        received training and certification in Reiki techniques before starting the study. After
        completing the training program, the researcher applied Reiki to the Reiki group once a week
        for 4 weeks. The sessions were held individually in a hall in the ASM, taking into account
        the times available to the women in the sample. Each session lasted 30-40 minutes. The Reiki
        application in the study was based on the First Degree Reiki (Reiki I) protocol. In Reiki I,
        the "aura attunement" between the practitioner and the person provides healing by touching or
        holding the hands a few cm above the body. The following sequence is generally applied in the
        Reiki protocol. 1. Before starting Reiki, the jewelry on the practitioner and the participant
        is removed. 2. The person sits or lies down in a comfortable position. The arms and legs
        remain open so that they do not touch each other. 3. Keeping the practitioner's fingers in a
        comfortable position, energy is sent to each chakra or area on the body for 3-5 minutes. 6.
        Hands are washed. In addition to the general protocol of reiki, the practitioner preferred a
        quiet room and dimmed the light of the room to prevent distraction and practiced in a dim
        environment. No intervention was applied to the control group by the researcher. Women in the
        control group received the service they needed from ASM.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Crossover Assignment
  intervention model description: This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial
  primary purpose: Supportive Care
  masking: Single (Participant)
  masking description: This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial
  measure: Menopause Rating Scale (MRS)
  time frame: Change from menopause symptoms levels at 4 weeks
  description: The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) assess the severity of menopausal symptoms. The scale consists of 11 items and 3 subscales. These 3 subscales are called somato-vegetative complaints (such as night sweating and hot flush), psychological complaints (such as anxiety and depression), and urogenital complaints (such as urethral syndrome and vaginal dryness). The scale is in the form of a 5-point Likert type and each item is graded between zero (no complaints) and four (severe symptoms) points. The total score that can be obtained from the scale varies between 0-44 points. An increase in the total score obtained from the scale indicates that the menopausal complaints experienced are intensified.
  measure: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
  time frame: Change from depression levels at 4 weeks
  description: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is used to have information about depressive symptoms and attitudes by evaluating the findings of emotional, cognitive, and motivational symptoms that can be seen in depression. Depressive symptoms and attitudes were collected under 21 headings (moodiness, pessimism, sense of failure, joylessness, sense of guilt, sense of punishment, self-blame, suicidal ideation, desire to cry, level of irritability, social loneliness, indecision, change in body image, inability to work, sleep disorder, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, somatic complaints, and loss of libido). Each item is scored between 0 (not at all) and 3 (severe) according to the severity of the displayed behavior. The lowest score that can be obtained from the inventory is 0, and the highest score is 63. A high total score indicates a high level of depression severity.
  arm group label: Reiki
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: A sociodemographic questionnaire including questions about age, last menstrual period, education level and income level, Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were utilized for the collection of research data. And a question investigating the level of being affected by menopause complaints. The question investigating the level of being affected by menopause is: "At which level do menopause complaints affect you?". Women answered this question on a scale of 0 (very little/very slightly) to 10 (extreme/very much). Data were collected from women who applied to the FHC for general healthcare services after receiving service. Women in the experimental group received Reiki once a week for four weeks. No initiative was applied to the pregnant women in the control group. Each session lasted 30-40 minutes. Four weeks after the data collection tools used in the research were filled in as a pre-test, post-test data were obtained with the same measurement tools.
  arm group label: Routine checks
  arm group type: No Intervention
  description: The researchers applied no initiative to the control group, and the women in the control group solely had the routine checks. The women in the control group filled out all pretest forms(A sociodemographic questionnaire including questions about age, last menstrual period, education level and income level, Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)). The post-test forms (MRS, BDI) were re-administered 4 weeks later to women who did not receive any intervention.
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Reiki
  description: In the study, women received four Reiki sessions once a week for four weeks from the researchers with Usuı Shiki Ryoho Reiki 1
  arm group label: Reiki
  criteria: 
  gender: Female
  gender based: Yes
  gender description: Women between the ages of 45-55 years
  minimum age: 45 Years
  maximum age: 55 Years
  healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
  facility: 
  country: Turkey
  responsible party type: Principal Investigator
  investigator affiliation: Inonu University
  investigator full name: Esra SABANCI BARANSEL
  investigator title: Assit. Prof
  mesh term: Depression
  sharing ipd: No