xml: <clinical_study>
    <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
      https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
    <required_header>
      <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
      <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
      <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06041828</url>
    </required_header>
    <id_info>
      <org_study_id>LumOsteo</org_study_id>
      <nct_id>NCT06041828</nct_id>
    </id_info>
    <brief_title>Regular Home-use Dual Light Photodynamic Therapy in the Prevention of Osteolysis After Dental Implant Surgery</brief_title>
    <official_title>Impact of Regular Home-use Dual Light Photodynamic Therapy in the Prevention of Osteolysis After Dental Implant Surgery</official_title>
    <sponsors>
      <lead_sponsor>
        <agency>Koite Health Oy</agency>
        <agency_class>Industry</agency_class>
      </lead_sponsor>
    </sponsors>
    <source>Koite Health Oy</source>
    <oversight_info>
      <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
      <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
      <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    </oversight_info>
    <brief_summary>
      <textblock>
        The aim of the study is to determine whether regular use of the antibacterial, photodynamic,&#xD;
        CE-marked Lumoral device reduces the risk of osteolysis after dental implant surgery. The&#xD;
        study also aims to find out whether Lumoral treatment can replace the use of chlorhexidine.&#xD;
        Subjects will be randomized into two groups (20 + 20 subjects) and all will be given&#xD;
        individual guidance on maintaining good oral hygiene. The participants in the study group&#xD;
        will also be given Lumoral appliances with instructions for use at home. The Lumoral device&#xD;
        has been shown in previous studies to be safe to use and effective in eliminating harmful&#xD;
        oral bacteria.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </brief_summary>
    <detailed_description>
      <textblock>
        After a dental implant procedure, implant stability is crucial for the success of the&#xD;
        implant. The initial stability of the implant is determined by various factors such as&#xD;
        implant design, surgical technique, bone quality, and quantity.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        During the implant procedure, the implant is placed into the jawbone and is in direct contact&#xD;
        with the surrounding bone. Over time, the bone will grow and fuse with the implant surface in&#xD;
        a process called osseointegration. The implant stability is evaluated immediately after the&#xD;
        surgery by measuring the implant stability quotient (ISQ) using a device called an implant&#xD;
        stability meter.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The ISQ value ranges from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating greater implant stability.&#xD;
        In general, an ISQ value of 60 or higher is considered to be a good indicator of implant&#xD;
        stability. If the initial ISQ value is low, the implant may be at risk of failure due to lack&#xD;
        of stability, and additional measures may be necessary to promote osseointegration, such as&#xD;
        using bone grafting materials or growth factors.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        In the first few weeks after the implant procedure, the implant may experience some initial&#xD;
        mobility due to the inflammatory response and remodeling of the bone around the implant.&#xD;
        However, with time, the bone will grow and fuse with the implant, providing a stable&#xD;
        foundation for dental restoration.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        With proper implant placement and regular follow-up care, the incidence of osteolysis can be&#xD;
        minimized. Maintaining good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing, flossing, and&#xD;
        dental check-ups, can help reduce the risk of inflammatory changes around dental implants. In&#xD;
        addition, patients are usually advised to avoid placing excessive force on the implant during&#xD;
        the healing process to prevent any damage to the implant and to ensure successful&#xD;
        osseointegration. For example, patients can be advised to have a soft food diet at least for&#xD;
        a few days after the implant placement.&#xD;
  &#xD;
        One of the key issues in maintaining good oral health is patient self-management. A new tool&#xD;
        &quot;Lumoral Treatment&quot; has been introduced in order to enhance oral home care. The Lumoral&#xD;
        Treatment is a CE-marked medical device developed to provide a potent, targeted antibacterial&#xD;
        action on the dental plaque in a home environment. It is used together with the mechanical&#xD;
        cleaning (such as toothbrushing) of teeth. The device mechanism of action is antibacterial&#xD;
        photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and thus non-medicinal. The Lumoral Treatment includes a&#xD;
        light-activated Lumorinse mouth rinse and a Lumoral light activator. Its effect is based on a&#xD;
        photodynamic method where the light-sensitive substance - indocyanine green - contained in&#xD;
        the Lumorinse mouth rinse is attached to the bacterial film (plaque) and is activated by&#xD;
        antibacterial dual light with 405 and 810 nanometers (nm).&#xD;
  &#xD;
        The 810 nm light can also have a photobiomodulation effect in promoting bone growth and&#xD;
        regeneration. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapy that uses low-level light&#xD;
        therapy (LLLT) to stimulate cellular function and enhance tissue repair. Near-infrared (NIR)&#xD;
        light is one of the commonly used wavelengths for PBM due to its ability to penetrate deeper&#xD;
        into tissues. In the case of dental bone, PBM with NIR light has shown promising effects in&#xD;
        promoting bone growth and regeneration. In dental applications, PBM with NIR light has shown&#xD;
        promise in promoting bone growth and regeneration in cases of dental implant placement, tooth&#xD;
        extraction, and periodontal disease.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </detailed_description>
    <overall_status>Not yet recruiting</overall_status>
    <start_date type="Anticipated">October 1, 2023</start_date>
    <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 31, 2025</completion_date>
    <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">October 1, 2024</primary_completion_date>
    <phase>N/A</phase>
    <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
    <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
    <study_design_info>
      <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
      <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
      <intervention_model_description>Randomized clinical study on a medical device.</intervention_model_description>
      <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
      <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
      <masking_description>Data will be collected using individual study codes for participants. Study codes do not reveal which group the participant has belonged to.</masking_description>
    </study_design_info>
    <primary_outcome>
      <measure>Incidence of osteolysis around dental implants</measure>
      <time_frame>4 months</time_frame>
      <description>Assessing overall number of study subject that have developed osteolysis</description>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Active matrix metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP-8)</measure>
      <time_frame>4 months</time_frame>
      <description>Change in periodontal inflammation marker aMMP-8. The aMMP-8 marker analysis will be performed using Periosafe chairside test (Dentognostics GmbH) according to the manufacturer's instructions.</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Bleeding on probing (BOP)</measure>
      <time_frame>4 months</time_frame>
      <description>Change in bleeding on probing (BOP)&#xD;
  A full-mouth assessment at six sites per tooth (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual, distolingual) Gingival bleeding is considered as positive if bleeding occurs within 15 seconds after gentle probing with a probe at the sulcus Dichotomous scoring to each site of the tooth as bleeding &quot;1 present&quot; and &quot;0 absent&quot; BOP is reported as the percentage (%) of sites with positive findings Calculation formula: number of bleeding sites/ 6 times number of teeth</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <measure>Probing Pocket Depth (PPD)</measure>
      <time_frame>4 months</time_frame>
      <description>Change in the Probing Pocket Depth (PPD)&#xD;
  A full-mouth assessment, measured at 4 sites per tooth Assessed from the base of the pocket to the gingival margin (mm)</description>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
    <enrollment type="Anticipated">40</enrollment>
    <condition>Osteolysis</condition>
    <condition>Dental Implants</condition>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Study group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
      <description>Standard oral hygiene and Lumoral Treatment home-use</description>
    </arm_group>
    <arm_group>
      <arm_group_label>Control group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
      <description>Standard oral hygiene only</description>
    </arm_group>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Lumoral Treatment</intervention_name>
      <description>Photodynamic antibacterial dual-light device with a marker substance</description>
      <arm_group_label>Study group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <intervention>
      <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
      <intervention_name>Standard oral hygiene</intervention_name>
      <description>Standard oral hygiene instructions</description>
      <arm_group_label>Control group</arm_group_label>
      <arm_group_label>Study group</arm_group_label>
    </intervention>
    <eligibility>
      <criteria>
        <textblock>
          Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Age of ≥ 18 years&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Generally healthy,&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  At least one new implant inserted&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  New implant inserted&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Agreement to participate in the study with a written consent form signed&#xD;
  &#xD;
          Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM)&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Active smoking&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Any significant systemic disease&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Immediate implantation after tooth extraction&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Use of antibiotics within 4 weeks week prior study&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Presence of any physical limitation or restriction that might restrict Lumoral use&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  Pregnancy or lactation&#xD;
  &#xD;
            -  History of six months use of antimicrobials, bisphosphonates, or corticosteroids.&#xD;
        </textblock>
      </criteria>
      <gender>All</gender>
      <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
      <maximum_age>85 Years</maximum_age>
      <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
    </eligibility>
    <overall_official>
      <last_name>Timo Sorsa, Professor</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
      <affiliation>University of Helsinki</affiliation>
    </overall_official>
    <overall_contact>
      <last_name>Mikko Kylmänen</last_name>
      <phone>+358407245934</phone>
      <email>mikko.kylmanen@koitehealth.com</email>
    </overall_contact>
    <location>
      <facility>
        <name>Hammaslääkärit Eteläranta 10</name>
        <address>
          <city>Helsinki</city>
          <state>Uusimaa</state>
          <zip>00130</zip>
          <country>Finland</country>
        </address>
      </facility>
      <contact>
        <last_name>Mikko Kylmänen</last_name>
        <phone>0407245934</phone>
        <email>mikko.kylmanen@koitehealth.com</email>
      </contact>
      <investigator>
        <last_name>Timo Stranden, DDS</last_name>
        <role>Sub-Investigator</role>
      </investigator>
      <investigator>
        <last_name>Pekka Kallio, Docent</last_name>
        <role>Sub-Investigator</role>
      </investigator>
    </location>
    <location_countries>
      <country>Finland</country>
    </location_countries>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.01.001</url>
      <description>Amengual-Peñafiel. Osteoimmunology drives dental implant osseointegration: A new paradigm for implant dentistry. Japanese Dental Science Review 57 (2021) 12-19.</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://doi.org/10.5772/18746</url>
      <description>Elias. Factors Affecting the Success of Dental Implants. Implant dentistry, Aug 2011. DOI: 10.5772/18746</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/79724</url>
      <description>Gupta et al. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ): A Reliable Guide for Implant Treatment. Current Concepts in Dental Implantology. 2021. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101359</description>
    </link>
    <link>
      <url>http://www.moderndentistrymedia.com/nov_dec2011/moy.pdf</url>
      <description>Moy. ISQ: What is it and how to use it in implant dentistry to improve clinical outcomes. International dentistry, 2011, Vol. 1, No. 4.</description>
    </link>
    <reference>
      <citation>Dompe C, Moncrieff L, Matys J, Grzech-Lesniak K, Kocherova I, Bryja A, Bruska M, Dominiak M, Mozdziak P, Skiba THI, Shibli JA, Angelova Volponi A, Kempisty B, Dyszkiewicz-Konwinska M. Photobiomodulation-Underlying Mechanism and Clinical Applications. J Clin Med. 2020 Jun 3;9(6):1724. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061724.</citation>
      <PMID>32503238</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Gupta R, Gupta N, Weber, DDS KK. Dental Implants. 2023 Aug 8. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470448/</citation>
      <PMID>29262027</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>H H, G W, E H. The clinical significance of implant stability quotient (ISQ) measurements: A literature review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2020 Oct-Dec;10(4):629-638. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.07.004. Epub 2020 Aug 14.</citation>
      <PMID>32983857</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Nikinmaa S, Moilanen N, Sorsa T, Rantala J, Alapulli H, Kotiranta A, Auvinen P, Kankuri E, Meurman JH, Patila T. Indocyanine Green-Assisted and LED-Light-Activated Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy Reduces Dental Plaque. Dent J (Basel). 2021 May 3;9(5):52. doi: 10.3390/dj9050052.</citation>
      <PMID>34063662</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Pandey C, Rokaya D, Bhattarai BP. Contemporary Concepts in Osseointegration of Dental Implants: A Review. Biomed Res Int. 2022 Jun 14;2022:6170452. doi: 10.1155/2022/6170452. eCollection 2022.</citation>
      <PMID>35747499</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Swami V, Vijayaraghavan V, Swami V. Current trends to measure implant stability. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2016 Apr-Jun;16(2):124-30. doi: 10.4103/0972-4052.176539.</citation>
      <PMID>27141160</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Qu C, Luo F, Hong G, Wan Q. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on implant stability and postoperative recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Jun;60(5):e712-e721. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.01.014. Epub 2022 Feb 5.</citation>
      <PMID>35490059</PMID>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <citation>Wang Y, Zhang Y, Miron RJ. Health, Maintenance, and Recovery of Soft Tissues around Implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2016 Jun;18(3):618-34. doi: 10.1111/cid.12343. Epub 2015 Apr 15.</citation>
      <PMID>25873299</PMID>
    </reference>
    <verification_date>September 2023</verification_date>
    <study_first_submitted>September 11, 2023</study_first_submitted>
    <study_first_submitted_qc>September 11, 2023</study_first_submitted_qc>
    <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 18, 2023</study_first_posted>
    <last_update_submitted>September 11, 2023</last_update_submitted>
    <last_update_submitted_qc>September 11, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
    <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 18, 2023</last_update_posted>
    <responsible_party>
      <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
    </responsible_party>
    <keyword>Lumoral</keyword>
    <keyword>Dental implant</keyword>
    <keyword>Osteolysis</keyword>
    <keyword>Anti-bacterial photodynamic therapy</keyword>
    <keyword>Oral hygiene</keyword>
    <condition_browse>
      <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
      <mesh_term>Osteolysis</mesh_term>
    </condition_browse>
    <patient_data>
      <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    </patient_data>
    <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
  </clinical_study>
  
  
text: download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
  link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
  url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06041828
  org study id: LumOsteo
  nct id: NCT06041828
  lead sponsor: 
  has dmc: No
  is fda regulated drug: No
  is fda regulated device: No
  The aim of the study is to determine whether regular use of the antibacterial, photodynamic,
        CE-marked Lumoral device reduces the risk of osteolysis after dental implant surgery. The
        study also aims to find out whether Lumoral treatment can replace the use of chlorhexidine.
        Subjects will be randomized into two groups (20 + 20 subjects) and all will be given
        individual guidance on maintaining good oral hygiene. The participants in the study group
        will also be given Lumoral appliances with instructions for use at home. The Lumoral device
        has been shown in previous studies to be safe to use and effective in eliminating harmful
        oral bacteria.
  After a dental implant procedure, implant stability is crucial for the success of the
        implant. The initial stability of the implant is determined by various factors such as
        implant design, surgical technique, bone quality, and quantity.
  
        During the implant procedure, the implant is placed into the jawbone and is in direct contact
        with the surrounding bone. Over time, the bone will grow and fuse with the implant surface in
        a process called osseointegration. The implant stability is evaluated immediately after the
        surgery by measuring the implant stability quotient (ISQ) using a device called an implant
        stability meter.
  
        The ISQ value ranges from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating greater implant stability.
        In general, an ISQ value of 60 or higher is considered to be a good indicator of implant
        stability. If the initial ISQ value is low, the implant may be at risk of failure due to lack
        of stability, and additional measures may be necessary to promote osseointegration, such as
        using bone grafting materials or growth factors.
  
        In the first few weeks after the implant procedure, the implant may experience some initial
        mobility due to the inflammatory response and remodeling of the bone around the implant.
        However, with time, the bone will grow and fuse with the implant, providing a stable
        foundation for dental restoration.
  
        With proper implant placement and regular follow-up care, the incidence of osteolysis can be
        minimized. Maintaining good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing, flossing, and
        dental check-ups, can help reduce the risk of inflammatory changes around dental implants. In
        addition, patients are usually advised to avoid placing excessive force on the implant during
        the healing process to prevent any damage to the implant and to ensure successful
        osseointegration. For example, patients can be advised to have a soft food diet at least for
        a few days after the implant placement.
  
        One of the key issues in maintaining good oral health is patient self-management. A new tool
        "Lumoral Treatment" has been introduced in order to enhance oral home care. The Lumoral
        Treatment is a CE-marked medical device developed to provide a potent, targeted antibacterial
        action on the dental plaque in a home environment. It is used together with the mechanical
        cleaning (such as toothbrushing) of teeth. The device mechanism of action is antibacterial
        photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and thus non-medicinal. The Lumoral Treatment includes a
        light-activated Lumorinse mouth rinse and a Lumoral light activator. Its effect is based on a
        photodynamic method where the light-sensitive substance - indocyanine green - contained in
        the Lumorinse mouth rinse is attached to the bacterial film (plaque) and is activated by
        antibacterial dual light with 405 and 810 nanometers (nm).
  
        The 810 nm light can also have a photobiomodulation effect in promoting bone growth and
        regeneration. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapy that uses low-level light
        therapy (LLLT) to stimulate cellular function and enhance tissue repair. Near-infrared (NIR)
        light is one of the commonly used wavelengths for PBM due to its ability to penetrate deeper
        into tissues. In the case of dental bone, PBM with NIR light has shown promising effects in
        promoting bone growth and regeneration. In dental applications, PBM with NIR light has shown
        promise in promoting bone growth and regeneration in cases of dental implant placement, tooth
        extraction, and periodontal disease.
  allocation: Randomized
  intervention model: Parallel Assignment
  intervention model description: Randomized clinical study on a medical device.
  primary purpose: Treatment
  masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
  masking description: Data will be collected using individual study codes for participants. Study codes do not reveal which group the participant has belonged to.
  measure: Incidence of osteolysis around dental implants
  time frame: 4 months
  description: Assessing overall number of study subject that have developed osteolysis
  measure: Active matrix metalloproteinase 8 (aMMP-8)
  time frame: 4 months
  description: Change in periodontal inflammation marker aMMP-8. The aMMP-8 marker analysis will be performed using Periosafe chairside test (Dentognostics GmbH) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
  measure: Bleeding on probing (BOP)
  time frame: 4 months
  description: Change in bleeding on probing (BOP)
  A full-mouth assessment at six sites per tooth (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual, distolingual) Gingival bleeding is considered as positive if bleeding occurs within 15 seconds after gentle probing with a probe at the sulcus Dichotomous scoring to each site of the tooth as bleeding "1 present" and "0 absent" BOP is reported as the percentage (%) of sites with positive findings Calculation formula: number of bleeding sites/ 6 times number of teeth
  measure: Probing Pocket Depth (PPD)
  time frame: 4 months
  description: Change in the Probing Pocket Depth (PPD)
  A full-mouth assessment, measured at 4 sites per tooth Assessed from the base of the pocket to the gingival margin (mm)
  arm group label: Study group
  arm group type: Experimental
  description: Standard oral hygiene and Lumoral Treatment home-use
  arm group label: Control group
  arm group type: Active Comparator
  description: Standard oral hygiene only
  intervention type: Device
  intervention name: Lumoral Treatment
  description: Photodynamic antibacterial dual-light device with a marker substance
  arm group label: Study group
  intervention type: Other
  intervention name: Standard oral hygiene
  description: Standard oral hygiene instructions
  arm group label: Control group
  arm group label: Study group
  criteria: 
  gender: All
  minimum age: 18 Years
  maximum age: 85 Years
  healthy volunteers: No
  last name: Timo Sorsa, Professor
  role: Principal Investigator
  affiliation: University of Helsinki
  last name: Mikko Kylmänen
  phone: +358407245934
  email: mikko.kylmanen@koitehealth.com
  facility: 
  contact: 
  investigator: 
  investigator: 
  country: Finland
  url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.01.001
  description: Amengual-Peñafiel. Osteoimmunology drives dental implant osseointegration: A new paradigm for implant dentistry. Japanese Dental Science Review 57 (2021) 12-19.
  url: https://doi.org/10.5772/18746
  description: Elias. Factors Affecting the Success of Dental Implants. Implant dentistry, Aug 2011. DOI: 10.5772/18746
  url: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/79724
  description: Gupta et al. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ): A Reliable Guide for Implant Treatment. Current Concepts in Dental Implantology. 2021. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101359
  url: http://www.moderndentistrymedia.com/nov_dec2011/moy.pdf
  description: Moy. ISQ: What is it and how to use it in implant dentistry to improve clinical outcomes. International dentistry, 2011, Vol. 1, No. 4.
  citation: Dompe C, Moncrieff L, Matys J, Grzech-Lesniak K, Kocherova I, Bryja A, Bruska M, Dominiak M, Mozdziak P, Skiba THI, Shibli JA, Angelova Volponi A, Kempisty B, Dyszkiewicz-Konwinska M. Photobiomodulation-Underlying Mechanism and Clinical Applications. J Clin Med. 2020 Jun 3;9(6):1724. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061724.
  PMID: 32503238
  citation: Gupta R, Gupta N, Weber, DDS KK. Dental Implants. 2023 Aug 8. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470448/
  PMID: 29262027
  citation: H H, G W, E H. The clinical significance of implant stability quotient (ISQ) measurements: A literature review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2020 Oct-Dec;10(4):629-638. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.07.004. Epub 2020 Aug 14.
  PMID: 32983857
  citation: Nikinmaa S, Moilanen N, Sorsa T, Rantala J, Alapulli H, Kotiranta A, Auvinen P, Kankuri E, Meurman JH, Patila T. Indocyanine Green-Assisted and LED-Light-Activated Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy Reduces Dental Plaque. Dent J (Basel). 2021 May 3;9(5):52. doi: 10.3390/dj9050052.
  PMID: 34063662
  citation: Pandey C, Rokaya D, Bhattarai BP. Contemporary Concepts in Osseointegration of Dental Implants: A Review. Biomed Res Int. 2022 Jun 14;2022:6170452. doi: 10.1155/2022/6170452. eCollection 2022.
  PMID: 35747499
  citation: Swami V, Vijayaraghavan V, Swami V. Current trends to measure implant stability. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2016 Apr-Jun;16(2):124-30. doi: 10.4103/0972-4052.176539.
  PMID: 27141160
  citation: Qu C, Luo F, Hong G, Wan Q. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on implant stability and postoperative recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022 Jun;60(5):e712-e721. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.01.014. Epub 2022 Feb 5.
  PMID: 35490059
  citation: Wang Y, Zhang Y, Miron RJ. Health, Maintenance, and Recovery of Soft Tissues around Implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2016 Jun;18(3):618-34. doi: 10.1111/cid.12343. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
  PMID: 25873299
  responsible party type: Sponsor
  mesh term: Osteolysis
  sharing ipd: No