<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04455269</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>ERICO np: 2637</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04455269</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>The Efficacy of Full Mouth Erythritol Powder Air-Polishing Therapy (FM-EPAPT) Versus Traditional Ultrasonic Debridment (UD): a Randomized Controlled Study.</brief_title>
  <acronym>ERICO</acronym>
  <official_title>The Efficacy of Full Mouth Erythritol Powder Air-Polishing Therapy (FM-EPAPT) Versus Traditional Ultrasonic Debridment (UD): a Randomized Controlled Study.</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Traditional methods for plaque and calculus removal involve the use of mechanical and/or&#xD;
      manual instruments, followed by surface polishing with rubber cups and low abrasive pastes.&#xD;
      These instruments may cause the unintended removal of hard dental tissue, such as enamel,&#xD;
      cementum and dentine, increasing surface roughness. Moreover, they can lead to gingival&#xD;
      recession and consequent hypersensitivity and discomfort during treatment. New&#xD;
      minimally-invasive approaches to biofilm removal have been recently introduced with the aim&#xD;
      to limit the negative impact on the oral tissue. Air-polishing with low-abrasiveness powders&#xD;
      are proven suitable for both for supra- and sub-gingival plaque removal. The use of&#xD;
      low-abrasiveness powders could lead to several advantages, such as reduction of treatment&#xD;
      discomfort, shorter treatment time, the possibility of cleaning areas with difficult access&#xD;
      and minor damage on soft and hard tissues.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aim: the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the Full Mouth Erithrytol Powder&#xD;
      Air-Polishing Therapy compared to traditional ultrasonic debridment (UD) and polishing in&#xD;
      patient affected by gingivitis.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Test hypotesis: there is no difference in clinical outcome between two methods against the&#xD;
      hypothesis of a difference in terms of changes in Blending on Probing (BOP).&#xD;
&#xD;
      To test this hypothesis, the patients, upon initial evaluation, were treated in split mouth:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  The control group undergoing the standard procedure with full-mouth ultrasonic&#xD;
           debridement and polishing with rubber cup and abrasive paste.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  The study group undergoing an innovative procedure involving full-mouth air-polishing&#xD;
           followed by ultrasonic calculus removal.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Follow-ups are scheduled at 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      TRIAL DESIGN:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Mono-centric, pragmatic, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial (RCT) with split-mouth&#xD;
      design. The trial will have a one year of duration.&#xD;
&#xD;
      PRIMARY OUTCOME:&#xD;
&#xD;
      - Change in BoP: change in percentage of sites positive to bleeding on probing.&#xD;
&#xD;
      SECONDARY OUTCOMES:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Change in Plaque Index (PI): change in percentage of sites with presence of plaque.&#xD;
           Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded at follow-up visits.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Change in Residual Plaque Area (RPA): Post-treatment percentage of tooth area with&#xD;
           residual plaque, visualised via plaque disclosing agent. This will be calculated with&#xD;
           computer software analysis (ImageJ) on clinical photographs.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Change in Periodontal Attachment Level (PAL): change in mean value for each patient will&#xD;
           be calculated. Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded at follow-up&#xD;
           visits.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Change in (Pocket Probing Depth) PPD: change in mean value for each patient will be&#xD;
           calculated. Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded at follow-up visits.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Duration of the treatment: calculated in minutes. Time will be recorded starting from&#xD;
           the opening the randomisation envelope until the clinician is satisfied with the&#xD;
           clinical result.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Comfort of the patient: an anonymous questionnaire will be administered at baseline and&#xD;
           each recall appointment.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Sensation of cleanliness: an anonymous questionnaire will be administered at baseline&#xD;
           and each recall appointment.&#xD;
&#xD;
      STUDY POPULATION:&#xD;
&#xD;
      41 Systemically healthy patients affected by gingivitis will be included in this study.&#xD;
      Presence of gingivitis is defined as: absence of Probing pocket depth (PPD) &gt; 4mm and&#xD;
      presence of BoP &gt;25%.&#xD;
&#xD;
      INCLUSION CRITERIA:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Patients affected by gingivitis (BoP &gt;25%);&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Patients with at least 5 teeth per quadrant;&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Systemically healthy;&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Age &gt; 18 years;&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Smoking less than 10 cigarettes a day.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">May 3, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">April 1, 2019</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">April 1, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Mono-centric, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial (RCT) with a split-mouth design.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Investigator)</masking>
    <masking_description>Clinical examination, collection of periodontal parameters and clinical photographs were performed by the same trained dentist blinded to the treatment.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Bleeding on Probing (BoP)</measure>
    <time_frame>study completion, an average of 18 months</time_frame>
    <description>Change in percentage of sites positive to bleeding on probing</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Plaque Index (PI)</measure>
    <time_frame>From baseline to study completion (12 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Change in percentage of site with plaque. Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded in the follow-up visits.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in residual plaque area (RPA)</measure>
    <time_frame>From baseline to study completion (12 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Post-treatment residual plaque recorded via plaque disclosing agent, clinical photographs and image software analysis</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Periodontal Attachment Level (PAL)</measure>
    <time_frame>From baseline to study completion (12 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Change in mean PAL value for each patient should be calculated. Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded in the follow-up visits.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Pocket Probing Depth (PPD)</measure>
    <time_frame>From baseline to study completion (12 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Change in mean PPD value for each patient. Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded in the follow-up visits.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Treatment time</measure>
    <time_frame>From baseline to study completion (12 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated in minutes, from the opening of the randomisation envelope to the end of the instrumentation.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Comfort of the patient</measure>
    <time_frame>From baseline to study completion (12 months)</time_frame>
    <description>An anonymous questionnaire will be administered at baseline and each recall appointment. The score is on a scale: from 0 to 5, where 0 is the minimum discomfort and 5 the maximum discomfort.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Sensation of cleanliness</measure>
    <time_frame>From baseline to study completion (12 months)</time_frame>
    <description>An anonymous questionnaire will be administered at baseline and each recall appointment. The score is on a scale of 5 feelings: insufficient, sufficient, average, good and optimal.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">41</enrollment>
  <condition>Gingivitis</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Full-Mouth Erythritol Powder Air-polishing Therapy (FM-EPAPT)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>The quadrants allocated to FM-EPAPT underwent the following steps:&#xD;
Decontamination of soft tissues with air-polishing and erythritol powder;&#xD;
Supra-gingival removal biofilm with air-polishing and erythritol powder;&#xD;
Sub-gingival removal of biofilm with air-polishing and erythritol;&#xD;
Calculus removal with a piezoceramic scaler.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Ultrasonic debridement and abrasive paste (US+P)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>The quadrants allocated to US+P treatment underwent the following steps:&#xD;
Full-mouth ultrasonic debridement with piezoceramic scaler;&#xD;
Plaque removal and polishing with soft rubber cup and low-RDA polishing paste</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>AIRFLOW® with PLUS® powder and PIEZON® scaler</intervention_name>
    <description>Air-polishing will be use as main instrument for biofilm and stains removal, followed by ultrasonic scaling</description>
    <arm_group_label>Full-Mouth Erythritol Powder Air-polishing Therapy (FM-EPAPT)</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>PIEZON® scaler and rubber cup with abrasive paste</intervention_name>
    <description>Application of ultrasonic scaler on the entire dentition, followed by residual biofilm and stains removal and polishing</description>
    <arm_group_label>Ultrasonic debridement and abrasive paste (US+P)</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Diagnosis of gingivitis (BoP &gt; 25%);&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Presence of at least 5 teeth per quadrant;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Systemically healthy;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Age between 20 and 40 years old.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Presence of periodontal disease, defined as &gt;3 mm of clinical attachment loss at any&#xD;
             site;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Presence of fixed retainers, orthodontic appliances or complex prothetic restorations;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Presence of crowding;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnant or lactating;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Allergy to chlorhexidine or erythritol;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Smoking &gt;10 cigarettes per day;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Unwillingness to undergo the proposed treatment and recalls;&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>20 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>40 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Magda Mensi</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Magda Mensi</name>
      <address>
        <city>Brescia</city>
        <state>Lombardia</state>
        <zip>25123</zip>
        <country>Italy</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Italy</country>
  </location_countries>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Draenert ME, Jakob M, Kunzelmann KH, Hickel R. The prevalence of tooth hypersensitivity following periodontal therapy with special reference to root scaling. A systematic review of the literature. Am J Dent. 2013 Feb;26(1):21-7.</citation>
    <PMID>23724545</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Buhler J, Amato M, Weiger R, Walter C. A systematic review on the patient perception of periodontal treatment using air polishing devices. Int J Dent Hyg. 2016 Feb;14(1):4-14. doi: 10.1111/idh.12119. Epub 2015 Jan 23.</citation>
    <PMID>25619863</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Flemmig TF, Arushanov D, Daubert D, Rothen M, Mueller G, Leroux BG. Randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy and safety of glycine powder air polishing in moderate-to-deep periodontal pockets. J Periodontol. 2012 Apr;83(4):444-52. doi: 10.1902/jop.2011.110367. Epub 2011 Aug 23.</citation>
    <PMID>21861637</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Camboni S, Donnet M. Tooth Surface Comparison after Air Polishing and Rubber Cup: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. J Clin Dent. 2016 Mar;27(1):13-18.</citation>
    <PMID>28390211</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Kim SY, Kang MK, Kang SM, Kim HE. Effects of ultrasonic instrumentation on enamel surfaces with various defects. Int J Dent Hyg. 2018 May;16(2):219-224. doi: 10.1111/idh.12339. Epub 2018 Mar 13.</citation>
    <PMID>29532597</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>July 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 29, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>June 29, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 2, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>July 13, 2020</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>July 13, 2020</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">July 15, 2020</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Magda Mensi</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>principal investigator</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Gingivitis</keyword>
  <keyword>GBT</keyword>
  <keyword>Ultrasonic debridement</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Gingivitis</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04455269
org study id: ERICO np: 2637
nct id: NCT04455269
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Traditional methods for plaque and calculus removal involve the use of mechanical and/or
      manual instruments, followed by surface polishing with rubber cups and low abrasive pastes.
      These instruments may cause the unintended removal of hard dental tissue, such as enamel,
      cementum and dentine, increasing surface roughness. Moreover, they can lead to gingival
      recession and consequent hypersensitivity and discomfort during treatment. New
      minimally-invasive approaches to biofilm removal have been recently introduced with the aim
      to limit the negative impact on the oral tissue. Air-polishing with low-abrasiveness powders
      are proven suitable for both for supra- and sub-gingival plaque removal. The use of
      low-abrasiveness powders could lead to several advantages, such as reduction of treatment
      discomfort, shorter treatment time, the possibility of cleaning areas with difficult access
      and minor damage on soft and hard tissues.

      Aim: the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the Full Mouth Erithrytol Powder
      Air-Polishing Therapy compared to traditional ultrasonic debridment (UD) and polishing in
      patient affected by gingivitis.

      Test hypotesis: there is no difference in clinical outcome between two methods against the
      hypothesis of a difference in terms of changes in Blending on Probing (BOP).

      To test this hypothesis, the patients, upon initial evaluation, were treated in split mouth:

        -  The control group undergoing the standard procedure with full-mouth ultrasonic
           debridement and polishing with rubber cup and abrasive paste.

        -  The study group undergoing an innovative procedure involving full-mouth air-polishing
           followed by ultrasonic calculus removal.

      Follow-ups are scheduled at 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.
TRIAL DESIGN:

      Mono-centric, pragmatic, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial (RCT) with split-mouth
      design. The trial will have a one year of duration.

      PRIMARY OUTCOME:

      - Change in BoP: change in percentage of sites positive to bleeding on probing.

      SECONDARY OUTCOMES:

        -  Change in Plaque Index (PI): change in percentage of sites with presence of plaque.
           Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded at follow-up visits.

        -  Change in Residual Plaque Area (RPA): Post-treatment percentage of tooth area with
           residual plaque, visualised via plaque disclosing agent. This will be calculated with
           computer software analysis (ImageJ) on clinical photographs.

        -  Change in Periodontal Attachment Level (PAL): change in mean value for each patient will
           be calculated. Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded at follow-up
           visits.

        -  Change in (Pocket Probing Depth) PPD: change in mean value for each patient will be
           calculated. Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded at follow-up visits.

        -  Duration of the treatment: calculated in minutes. Time will be recorded starting from
           the opening the randomisation envelope until the clinician is satisfied with the
           clinical result.

        -  Comfort of the patient: an anonymous questionnaire will be administered at baseline and
           each recall appointment.

        -  Sensation of cleanliness: an anonymous questionnaire will be administered at baseline
           and each recall appointment.

      STUDY POPULATION:

      41 Systemically healthy patients affected by gingivitis will be included in this study.
      Presence of gingivitis is defined as: absence of Probing pocket depth (PPD) > 4mm and
      presence of BoP >25%.

      INCLUSION CRITERIA:

        -  Patients affected by gingivitis (BoP >25%);

        -  Patients with at least 5 teeth per quadrant;

        -  Systemically healthy;

        -  Age > 18 years;

        -  Smoking less than 10 cigarettes a day.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Mono-centric, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial (RCT) with a split-mouth design.
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Investigator)
masking description: Clinical examination, collection of periodontal parameters and clinical photographs were performed by the same trained dentist blinded to the treatment.
measure: Change in Bleeding on Probing (BoP)
time frame: study completion, an average of 18 months
description: Change in percentage of sites positive to bleeding on probing
measure: Change in Plaque Index (PI)
time frame: From baseline to study completion (12 months)
description: Change in percentage of site with plaque. Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded in the follow-up visits.
measure: Change in residual plaque area (RPA)
time frame: From baseline to study completion (12 months)
description: Post-treatment residual plaque recorded via plaque disclosing agent, clinical photographs and image software analysis
measure: Change in Periodontal Attachment Level (PAL)
time frame: From baseline to study completion (12 months)
description: Change in mean PAL value for each patient should be calculated. Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded in the follow-up visits.
measure: Change in Pocket Probing Depth (PPD)
time frame: From baseline to study completion (12 months)
description: Change in mean PPD value for each patient. Baseline values will be compared to the values recorded in the follow-up visits.
measure: Treatment time
time frame: From baseline to study completion (12 months)
description: Calculated in minutes, from the opening of the randomisation envelope to the end of the instrumentation.
measure: Comfort of the patient
time frame: From baseline to study completion (12 months)
description: An anonymous questionnaire will be administered at baseline and each recall appointment. The score is on a scale: from 0 to 5, where 0 is the minimum discomfort and 5 the maximum discomfort.
measure: Sensation of cleanliness
time frame: From baseline to study completion (12 months)
description: An anonymous questionnaire will be administered at baseline and each recall appointment. The score is on a scale of 5 feelings: insufficient, sufficient, average, good and optimal.
arm group label: Full-Mouth Erythritol Powder Air-polishing Therapy (FM-EPAPT)
arm group type: Experimental
description: The quadrants allocated to FM-EPAPT underwent the following steps:
Decontamination of soft tissues with air-polishing and erythritol powder;
Supra-gingival removal biofilm with air-polishing and erythritol powder;
Sub-gingival removal of biofilm with air-polishing and erythritol;
Calculus removal with a piezoceramic scaler.
arm group label: Ultrasonic debridement and abrasive paste (US+P)
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: The quadrants allocated to US+P treatment underwent the following steps:
Full-mouth ultrasonic debridement with piezoceramic scaler;
Plaque removal and polishing with soft rubber cup and low-RDA polishing paste
intervention type: Device
intervention name: AIRFLOW® with PLUS® powder and PIEZON® scaler
description: Air-polishing will be use as main instrument for biofilm and stains removal, followed by ultrasonic scaling
arm group label: Full-Mouth Erythritol Powder Air-polishing Therapy (FM-EPAPT)
intervention type: Device
intervention name: PIEZON® scaler and rubber cup with abrasive paste
description: Application of ultrasonic scaler on the entire dentition, followed by residual biofilm and stains removal and polishing
arm group label: Ultrasonic debridement and abrasive paste (US+P)
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 20 Years
maximum age: 40 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Magda Mensi
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia
facility: 
country: Italy
citation: Draenert ME, Jakob M, Kunzelmann KH, Hickel R. The prevalence of tooth hypersensitivity following periodontal therapy with special reference to root scaling. A systematic review of the literature. Am J Dent. 2013 Feb;26(1):21-7.
PMID: 23724545
citation: Buhler J, Amato M, Weiger R, Walter C. A systematic review on the patient perception of periodontal treatment using air polishing devices. Int J Dent Hyg. 2016 Feb;14(1):4-14. doi: 10.1111/idh.12119. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
PMID: 25619863
citation: Flemmig TF, Arushanov D, Daubert D, Rothen M, Mueller G, Leroux BG. Randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy and safety of glycine powder air polishing in moderate-to-deep periodontal pockets. J Periodontol. 2012 Apr;83(4):444-52. doi: 10.1902/jop.2011.110367. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
PMID: 21861637
citation: Camboni S, Donnet M. Tooth Surface Comparison after Air Polishing and Rubber Cup: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. J Clin Dent. 2016 Mar;27(1):13-18.
PMID: 28390211
citation: Kim SY, Kang MK, Kang SM, Kim HE. Effects of ultrasonic instrumentation on enamel surfaces with various defects. Int J Dent Hyg. 2018 May;16(2):219-224. doi: 10.1111/idh.12339. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
PMID: 29532597
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia
investigator full name: Magda Mensi
investigator title: principal investigator
mesh term: Gingivitis
sharing ipd: No