<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04458077</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>2017-01-9464</org_study_id>
    <secondary_id>OPP1158584</secondary_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04458077</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Discover Learning - Social, Emotional and Identity Learning for Very Young Adolescents</brief_title>
  <official_title>Discover Learning - Social, Emotional and Identity Learning for Very Young Adolescents</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of California, Berkeley</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Health for a Prosperous Nation</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Camara Education, Tanzania</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Ubongo Learning Limited</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Dalberg Global Development Advisors, Tanzania</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Save the Children</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of California, Berkeley</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The primary aim of the Discover Learning Project (Discover) is to test an intervention for&#xD;
      Very Young Adolescents (VYAs) to promote positive, gender norm transformative, social&#xD;
      emotional and identity learning (SEIL). A secondary aim is to better identify effective&#xD;
      components of Discover that are scalable requiring the lowest resources to implement&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      This project builds on research from transdisciplinary developmental science that indicates&#xD;
      that this period, which the investigators will call early adolescence (ages 10-14), is a&#xD;
      period of dynamic maturational changes. These include the onset of pubertal development,&#xD;
      which begins a period of rapid physical growth (including extensive brain development) and&#xD;
      sexual maturation, as well as changes in cognitive, social, emotional, psychological, and&#xD;
      behavioral processes. An emerging body of evidence supports the idea that this dynamic period&#xD;
      of maturation is a sensitive period for social, emotional and motivational learning-in ways&#xD;
      that can have enduring effects on a broad range of developmental trajectories including&#xD;
      sexual and reproductive health, mental health, gender-based violence, education retention and&#xD;
      attainment, and social development.&#xD;
&#xD;
      A foundational element of this research focuses on the social-emotional re-orientation of the&#xD;
      developing brain at the onset of puberty, which appears to create natural affinities for&#xD;
      discovery learning particularly in the social domain. In contrast to didactic learning&#xD;
      models, discovery learning is a process through which learners engage in self-motivated&#xD;
      inquiry, supported by teachers/facilitators, information and materials, in order to&#xD;
      &quot;discover&quot; the intended content (Hammer, 1997). Key elements to creating sustainable&#xD;
      discovery learning include: a) engaging motivation and natural curiosity and b) providing&#xD;
      social scaffolding that includes a balance of monitoring/support while also promoting&#xD;
      youth-driven discoveries (individually and in small groups). From a developmental science&#xD;
      perspective, the beginning of puberty is associated with two important maturational changes&#xD;
      that impact learning opportunities: 1) a general increase in the tendency to explore,&#xD;
      discover, and to seek novelty/excitement; and 2) a particularly strong increase in natural&#xD;
      curiosity to explore and understand one's larger social world, including social roles, social&#xD;
      hierarchies, and an increased sensitivity to issues of social acceptance, admiration, and&#xD;
      learning to establish key aspects of individual identity (Crone &amp; Dahl, 2012). A core element&#xD;
      to this early identity development is understanding oneself as a sexual and gendered&#xD;
      individual in relation to those around her or him; accordingly, early learning experiences&#xD;
      during this developmental window are fundamentally shaping the development of these&#xD;
      identities in ways that have profound implications for all areas of health-especially sexual&#xD;
      and reproductive health and vulnerability to gender-based exploitation and disadvantage.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The primary aim of this project is to develop and test the Discover Learning intervention&#xD;
      with a goal of promoting positive, gender norm transformative, social-emotional learning&#xD;
      during this crucial early window of opportunity. This work builds on developmentally informed&#xD;
      principles that emphasize the importance of orchestrating a sensitive balance between&#xD;
      promoting autonomy and providing adult engagement in ways that scaffold the discovery&#xD;
      learning experience (Alifieri et al., 2011). The primary content (learning about&#xD;
      interpersonal relationships and concepts of Social-Emotional Identity Learning) and method&#xD;
      (introducing positive socially scaffolded exploration of the use of digital technology for&#xD;
      youth-driven learning) have been chosen to strategically leverage this window of opportunity&#xD;
      occurring during this sensitive period of learning. The approach is designed to help youth&#xD;
      develop agency, become empowered, and to explore healthy pathways to finding meaning and&#xD;
      purpose in their lives. To our knowledge, this is the first use of an integrative&#xD;
      developmental science approach to leverage unique learning opportunities in early adolescence&#xD;
      to impact broad improvements in health and education.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">August 30, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">April 30, 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 12, 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>N/A</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Single Group Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Purpose from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) (Mastrotheodoros &amp; Motti-Stefanidi, 2017), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Emotional Self-Efficacy from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Adolescent Self Efficacy Questionnaire (Muris et.al, 2001), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very well) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Goal Orientation from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Goal Orientation Scale (Dowson and McInerney, 2004), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Persistence from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Persistence in Children (Lufi &amp; Cohen, 1987), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Empathy from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Empathy (Overgaaw, et al, 2017), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (not true) to 2 (often true) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Internalizing Symptoms from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from African Youth Psychological Assessment (Betancourt, 2014), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (all the time) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Externalizing Symptoms from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from African Youth Psychological Assessment (Betancourt, 2014), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (all the time) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Academic Self-Efficacy from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Adolescent Self Efficacy Questionnaire (Muris et.al, 2001), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very well) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Curiosity from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Gender-free curiosity inventory (Reijo Byman, 2016), validated self-reported instrument in curiosity. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Teamwork from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Team Skills Index (Zhuang et al, 2008), validated self-reported instrument in curiosity. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (always) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Growth Mindset from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Dweck's Theories of Intelligence (Growth Mindset Scale) (Ingebrigsten, 2018), validated self-reported instrument in curiosity. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (always) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Outlook in Learning from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Dweck's Theories of Intelligence (Growth Mindset Scale) (Ingebrigsten, 2018), validated self-reported instrument in curiosity. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (always) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Technology Perceptions from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale (Rosen et al, 2013), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (always) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Social Self-Efficacy from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Adolescent Self Efficacy Questionnaire (Muris et.al, 2001), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Prosocial Behavior from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) (Mastrotheodoros &amp; Motti-Stefanidi, 2017), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Gender Norms and Attitudes from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Discover Gender Norms and Attitudes Scale (under development), self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Generosity from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Interpersonal Generosity Scale (IGS) (Smith &amp; Hill, 2009), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Utu from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from Utu (under development), self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Bullying from baseline to end of intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)</time_frame>
    <description>Standardized survey from The Global School-Based Students Health Survey (GSHS), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (No) to 1 (Yes) Change = Endline - Baseline score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>1</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">333</enrollment>
  <condition>Behavior, Adaptive</condition>
  <condition>Behavior, Child</condition>
  <condition>Behavior, Social</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Mobile-phone-based SEIL Intervention</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>This group will receive the Discover Learning 10-session intervention through a mobile-phone based platform over the course of 10 weeks (1 session per week).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Discover Learning (SEIL)</intervention_name>
    <description>This mobile-phone-based intervention will assess the effectiveness of 10 SEIL sessions conducted at the household level with VYAs. Activities were designed to be done individually, with siblings/peers, and with parents/caregivers. This intervention will look at how household composition and types of practice that can enhance SEIL learning.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Mobile-phone-based SEIL Intervention</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Boys and girls currently enrolled in school/intervention site&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Ages 9-14&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  n/a&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>9 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>14 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Ron Dahl, MD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Institute of Human Development</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Miburani Primary School</name>
      <address>
        <city>Dar Es Salaam</city>
        <state>Temeke</state>
        <zip>46343</zip>
        <country>Tanzania</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Sokoine Primary School</name>
      <address>
        <city>Dar Es Salaam</city>
        <state>Temeke</state>
        <zip>46343</zip>
        <country>Tanzania</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Twiga Primary School</name>
      <address>
        <city>Dar Es Salaam</city>
        <state>Temeke</state>
        <zip>46343</zip>
        <country>Tanzania</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Umoja Primary School</name>
      <address>
        <city>Dar Es Salaam</city>
        <state>Temeke</state>
        <zip>46343</zip>
        <country>Tanzania</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Tanzania</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>November 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 30, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 2, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 7, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>November 3, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>November 3, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">November 4, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University of California, Berkeley</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Ronald Dahl</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Director, Institute of Human Development</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04458077
org study id: 2017-01-9464
secondary id: OPP1158584
nct id: NCT04458077
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The primary aim of the Discover Learning Project (Discover) is to test an intervention for
      Very Young Adolescents (VYAs) to promote positive, gender norm transformative, social
      emotional and identity learning (SEIL). A secondary aim is to better identify effective
      components of Discover that are scalable requiring the lowest resources to implement
This project builds on research from transdisciplinary developmental science that indicates
      that this period, which the investigators will call early adolescence (ages 10-14), is a
      period of dynamic maturational changes. These include the onset of pubertal development,
      which begins a period of rapid physical growth (including extensive brain development) and
      sexual maturation, as well as changes in cognitive, social, emotional, psychological, and
      behavioral processes. An emerging body of evidence supports the idea that this dynamic period
      of maturation is a sensitive period for social, emotional and motivational learning-in ways
      that can have enduring effects on a broad range of developmental trajectories including
      sexual and reproductive health, mental health, gender-based violence, education retention and
      attainment, and social development.

      A foundational element of this research focuses on the social-emotional re-orientation of the
      developing brain at the onset of puberty, which appears to create natural affinities for
      discovery learning particularly in the social domain. In contrast to didactic learning
      models, discovery learning is a process through which learners engage in self-motivated
      inquiry, supported by teachers/facilitators, information and materials, in order to
      "discover" the intended content (Hammer, 1997). Key elements to creating sustainable
      discovery learning include: a) engaging motivation and natural curiosity and b) providing
      social scaffolding that includes a balance of monitoring/support while also promoting
      youth-driven discoveries (individually and in small groups). From a developmental science
      perspective, the beginning of puberty is associated with two important maturational changes
      that impact learning opportunities: 1) a general increase in the tendency to explore,
      discover, and to seek novelty/excitement; and 2) a particularly strong increase in natural
      curiosity to explore and understand one's larger social world, including social roles, social
      hierarchies, and an increased sensitivity to issues of social acceptance, admiration, and
      learning to establish key aspects of individual identity (Crone & Dahl, 2012). A core element
      to this early identity development is understanding oneself as a sexual and gendered
      individual in relation to those around her or him; accordingly, early learning experiences
      during this developmental window are fundamentally shaping the development of these
      identities in ways that have profound implications for all areas of health-especially sexual
      and reproductive health and vulnerability to gender-based exploitation and disadvantage.

      The primary aim of this project is to develop and test the Discover Learning intervention
      with a goal of promoting positive, gender norm transformative, social-emotional learning
      during this crucial early window of opportunity. This work builds on developmentally informed
      principles that emphasize the importance of orchestrating a sensitive balance between
      promoting autonomy and providing adult engagement in ways that scaffold the discovery
      learning experience (Alifieri et al., 2011). The primary content (learning about
      interpersonal relationships and concepts of Social-Emotional Identity Learning) and method
      (introducing positive socially scaffolded exploration of the use of digital technology for
      youth-driven learning) have been chosen to strategically leverage this window of opportunity
      occurring during this sensitive period of learning. The approach is designed to help youth
      develop agency, become empowered, and to explore healthy pathways to finding meaning and
      purpose in their lives. To our knowledge, this is the first use of an integrative
      developmental science approach to leverage unique learning opportunities in early adolescence
      to impact broad improvements in health and education.
allocation: N/A
intervention model: Single Group Assignment
primary purpose: Prevention
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Change in Purpose from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) (Mastrotheodoros & Motti-Stefanidi, 2017), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Emotional Self-Efficacy from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Adolescent Self Efficacy Questionnaire (Muris et.al, 2001), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very well) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Goal Orientation from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Goal Orientation Scale (Dowson and McInerney, 2004), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Persistence from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Persistence in Children (Lufi & Cohen, 1987), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Empathy from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Empathy (Overgaaw, et al, 2017), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (not true) to 2 (often true) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Internalizing Symptoms from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from African Youth Psychological Assessment (Betancourt, 2014), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (all the time) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Externalizing Symptoms from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from African Youth Psychological Assessment (Betancourt, 2014), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (all the time) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Academic Self-Efficacy from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Adolescent Self Efficacy Questionnaire (Muris et.al, 2001), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very well) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Curiosity from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Gender-free curiosity inventory (Reijo Byman, 2016), validated self-reported instrument in curiosity. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Teamwork from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Team Skills Index (Zhuang et al, 2008), validated self-reported instrument in curiosity. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (always) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Growth Mindset from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Dweck's Theories of Intelligence (Growth Mindset Scale) (Ingebrigsten, 2018), validated self-reported instrument in curiosity. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (always) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Outlook in Learning from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Dweck's Theories of Intelligence (Growth Mindset Scale) (Ingebrigsten, 2018), validated self-reported instrument in curiosity. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (always) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Technology Perceptions from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale (Rosen et al, 2013), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (never) to 3 (always) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Social Self-Efficacy from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Adolescent Self Efficacy Questionnaire (Muris et.al, 2001), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Prosocial Behavior from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from The Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) (Mastrotheodoros & Motti-Stefanidi, 2017), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Gender Norms and Attitudes from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Discover Gender Norms and Attitudes Scale (under development), self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Generosity from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Interpersonal Generosity Scale (IGS) (Smith & Hill, 2009), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Utu from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from Utu (under development), self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) Change = Endline - Baseline score
measure: Change in Bullying from baseline to end of intervention
time frame: Baseline and endline, measured before the intervention and after the intervention (6 weeks)
description: Standardized survey from The Global School-Based Students Health Survey (GSHS), validated self-reported instrument. Possible scores range from 0 (No) to 1 (Yes) Change = Endline - Baseline score
arm group label: Mobile-phone-based SEIL Intervention
arm group type: Experimental
description: This group will receive the Discover Learning 10-session intervention through a mobile-phone based platform over the course of 10 weeks (1 session per week).
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Discover Learning (SEIL)
description: This mobile-phone-based intervention will assess the effectiveness of 10 SEIL sessions conducted at the household level with VYAs. Activities were designed to be done individually, with siblings/peers, and with parents/caregivers. This intervention will look at how household composition and types of practice that can enhance SEIL learning.
arm group label: Mobile-phone-based SEIL Intervention
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 9 Years
maximum age: 14 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Ron Dahl, MD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Institute of Human Development
facility: 
facility: 
facility: 
facility: 
country: Tanzania
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: University of California, Berkeley
investigator full name: Ronald Dahl
investigator title: Director, Institute of Human Development
sharing ipd: No