<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04444102</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>2019P001716</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04444102</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>The Acute Impact of Yoga-based Stretching on Inflammation and Its Resolution</brief_title>
  <official_title>The Acute Impact of Yoga-based Stretching on Inflammation and Its Resolution: a Pilot Study</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Harvard University Faculty of Medicine</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Harvard University Faculty of Medicine</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The goal of this study is to explore the impact of two types of yoga-based body stretching&#xD;
      (mild and intense) on dynamic changes of Systemic Inflammatory Cytokines (SICs) and&#xD;
      Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) in yoga-naïve subjects.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      During the last decade, yoga has become increasingly popular in Western cultures. The 2017&#xD;
      NIH report indicated that 14.3% of the adult population practice yoga in the USA. The most&#xD;
      common yoga styles tested in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are Hatha, Iyengar, and&#xD;
      Patanjali.&#xD;
&#xD;
      One key physical component of yoga is the stretching that occurs during different postures.&#xD;
      Based on animal studies, it is plausible to think that the physical intensity of stretching&#xD;
      may affect systemic inflammatory outcomes, i.e. SICs and SPMs. However, human studies have&#xD;
      not isolated and quantified the impact of stretching. In consequence, it is not known to what&#xD;
      extent the benefits of yoga can be attributed to the physical aspect of stretching. One way&#xD;
      to explore the effect of yoga would be to isolate the stretching element and compare two&#xD;
      stretching protocols with yoga-based postures on SICs and SPMs.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In previous preclinical studies using an ex-vivo stretching model of mouse connective tissue&#xD;
      (AICUC: 04996), the investigators found that fibroblasts are actively involved in the&#xD;
      regulation of connective tissue tension, demonstrating that fibroblasts have a more elaborate&#xD;
      scheme of responses to mechanical stress than was previously thought.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Later, in the inflammatory active stretch rat model (AICUC 04995), the investigators found&#xD;
      that after 10 minutes of an active stretch there was a significant reduction in the&#xD;
      inflammatory lesion size area measured with ultrasound and a reduction of infiltrating&#xD;
      neutrophils. The SPM Resolvin 1 (RvD1) was also measured and showed a significant difference&#xD;
      between the stretch and no stretch group. These promising results encouraged the&#xD;
      investigators to keep exploring the fundamental innate mechanism by which the body enhances&#xD;
      the healing of an inflammatory process regardless of its etiology; e.g., a mouse breast&#xD;
      cancer model with active stretch showed that with four weeks of stretching once a day, tumors&#xD;
      were reduced roughly to the half comparing with the no-stretch group and a pig study&#xD;
      currently underway is exploring the effects of active stretching on SPMs production and&#xD;
      determining changes in Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil (PMN) and macrophages migration toward&#xD;
      the inflammatory stimulus.&#xD;
&#xD;
      These pre-clinical results motivated the research group to move forward with a translational&#xD;
      pilot study to explore first the feasibility and second, the effect of stretching on the&#xD;
      connective tissue and muscles of healthy humans. The investigators presume to find an effect&#xD;
      of stretching on a systemic level. Hence, they propose to measure levels of SICs and SPMs, as&#xD;
      well as their changes over time after one acute session of yoga-based stretching postures.&#xD;
      The investigators plan to collect blood samples at baseline pre-intervention and then at 0&#xD;
      minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 2, and 3, and 24 hours after the intervention. Samples will be&#xD;
      analyzed using flow cytometry and ELISA.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Active, not recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 30, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">June 30, 2022</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">April 30, 2022</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>The present study is a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) with 3 arms. These arms are: Control Group, Mild Stretching Group, and Intense Stretching Group. Ten participants will be allocated in each arm.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Basic Science</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
    <masking_description>Participants and yoga-based stretching instructor are not blinded. Nurses and lab technicians are blinded during blood draws. Laboratory analysts are blinded during sample analyses. Statisticians will be unblinded once all laboratory analyses are completed.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Feasibility of a pilot study including one session of acute stretching and serial blood samples over a period of 24 hours.</measure>
    <time_frame>Two consecutive study visits per participants over a period of 24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Study recruitment will be completed within 9 months&#xD;
&gt;70% of participants will complete two study visits&#xD;
Participants will adhere to study protocol, including completion of outcome assessments (&gt; 90%) and complying with stretching instructions specific to the mild and intense stretching protocol (confirmed with video analysis)&#xD;
There will be no serious adverse events reported.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Systemic inflammatory cytokines</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline, 0-, 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-minutes and 24 hours post intervention.</time_frame>
    <description>Cytokines (IL-1b, IFN-a2, IFN-y, TNF-a, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33) Serum levels in pg/mL</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline, 0-, 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-minutes and 24 hours post intervention.</time_frame>
    <description>Lipid mediators</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">30</enrollment>
  <condition>Inflammation</condition>
  <condition>Fascia; Inflammation</condition>
  <condition>Musculoskeletal Pain</condition>
  <condition>Lower Back Pain</condition>
  <condition>Neck Pain</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control group (CG)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>Those subjects randomized to the CG will be offered reading options that do not evoke high emotional distress. They will spend an hour reading.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Stretching protocol 1, Mild Stretching Group (MSG)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>The protocol starts with 5 minutes of instruction about finding a range of stretching representing approximately 50% of the range of motion and pain-free. The instructor will also wear wrist and ankle reflective bands as body-marks to show a posture with 100% stretch and then corrected to 50%. Once the participant grasps the concept the routine will begin with 5 minutes of warm-up, followed by stretching exercises targeting 10 anatomical groups. Each posture will last 1 minute divided in 30 seconds of settling into each posture and 30 seconds of holding. Each session will be video recorded to analyze the stretching range, only if the participant agrees at the informed consent visit. Participants will be encouraged to find their own 50% with some feedback from the instructor.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Stretching protocol 2, Intense Stretching Group (ISG):</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>The protocol starts with 5 minutes of instruction about finding a range of stretching representing approximately 100% of the range of motion and pain-free. The instructor will also wear wrist and ankle reflective bands as body-marks to show a posture with 100% stretch. Once the participant grasps the concept the routine will begin with 5 minutes of warm-up, followed by stretching exercises targeting 10 anatomical groups. Each posture will last 1 minute divided in 30 seconds of settling into each posture and 30 seconds of holding. Each session will be video recorded to analyze the stretching range, only if the participant agrees at the informed consent visit. Participants will be encouraged to find their own 100% with some feedback from the instructor.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Yoga-based stretching</intervention_name>
    <description>Different yoga postures (ASANA) were isolated from conventional yoga practice to stretch different muscle groups.&#xD;
Muscle groups stretched: hip extensor and adductors, hip &amp; plantar flexors, shoulder extensors, shoulder horizontal adductors, shoulder extensors-adductor, wrist flexor, trunk extensors, lateral flexors, and trunk rotators.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Stretching protocol 1, Mild Stretching Group (MSG)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Stretching protocol 2, Intense Stretching Group (ISG):</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Healthy adults&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Age between 40 - 60 years old.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Non-smoking&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  BMI between 19 and 29.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Any history of chronic inflammatory disease or recent acute illness (&lt; 1 month)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Vaccination within the last 3 months&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Regular medication, or any medication in the preceding week&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Practice of structured higher-intensity exercise at least twice a week for more than&#xD;
             30 minutes&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnancy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Endocrine disorders (e.g. diabetes)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Significant soft tissue injury&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Surgical supportive devices (nails, wire, screws, pins, plates) in an area of the body&#xD;
             to be stretched (toes, ankles, knees, hips, shoulders, elbows, wrists, fingers and&#xD;
             spine)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Fractures in the past 3 years&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Generalized joint hypermobility or genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome and&#xD;
             Ehlers-Danlos syndrome&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Alcoholism (&gt; 10 drinks per week) and drug abuse.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>40 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>60 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Peter M Wayne, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Ambulatory Clinical Center (ACC)</name>
      <address>
        <city>Boston</city>
        <state>Massachusetts</state>
        <zip>02115</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Ding D, Stamatakis E. Yoga practice in England 1997-2008: prevalence, temporal trends, and correlates of participation. BMC Res Notes. 2014 Mar 24;7:172. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-172.</citation>
    <PMID>24661723</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Tindle HA, Davis RB, Phillips RS, Eisenberg DM. Trends in use of complementary and alternative medicine by US adults: 1997-2002. Altern Ther Health Med. 2005 Jan-Feb;11(1):42-9.</citation>
    <PMID>15712765</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Clarke TC, Barnes PM, Black LI, Stussman BJ, Nahin RL. Use of Yoga, Meditation, and Chiropractors Among U.S. Adults Aged 18 and Over. NCHS Data Brief. 2018 Nov;(325):1-8.</citation>
    <PMID>30475686</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Bennett JM, Andridge R, Peng J, Shapiro CL, Malarkey WB, Emery CF, Layman R, Mrozek EE, Glaser R. Yoga's impact on inflammation, mood, and fatigue in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Apr 1;32(10):1040-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.8860. Epub 2014 Jan 27.</citation>
    <PMID>24470004</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Ospina MB, Bond K, Karkhaneh M, Tjosvold L, Vandermeer B, Liang Y, Bialy L, Hooton N, Buscemi N, Dryden DM, Klassen TP. Meditation practices for health: state of the research. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007 Jun;(155):1-263.</citation>
    <PMID>17764203</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Ebnezar J, Nagarathna R, Yogitha B, Nagendra HR. Effect of integrated yoga therapy on pain, morning stiffness and anxiety in osteoarthritis of the knee joint: A randomized control study. Int J Yoga. 2012 Jan;5(1):28-36. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.91708.</citation>
    <PMID>22346063</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Langevin HM. Connective tissue: a body-wide signaling network? Med Hypotheses. 2006;66(6):1074-7. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.12.032. Epub 2006 Feb 17.</citation>
    <PMID>16483726</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Benias PC, Wells RG, Sackey-Aboagye B, Klavan H, Reidy J, Buonocore D, Miranda M, Kornacki S, Wayne M, Carr-Locke DL, Theise ND. Structure and Distribution of an Unrecognized Interstitium in Human Tissues. Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 27;8(1):4947. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23062-6. Erratum In: Sci Rep. 2018 May 10;8(1):7610.</citation>
    <PMID>29588511</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Wosczyna MN, Rando TA. A Muscle Stem Cell Support Group: Coordinated Cellular Responses in Muscle Regeneration. Dev Cell. 2018 Jul 16;46(2):135-143. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.018.</citation>
    <PMID>30016618</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Levy BD, Clish CB, Schmidt B, Gronert K, Serhan CN. Lipid mediator class switching during acute inflammation: signals in resolution. Nat Immunol. 2001 Jul;2(7):612-9. doi: 10.1038/89759.</citation>
    <PMID>11429545</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Serhan CN, Savill J. Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end. Nat Immunol. 2005 Dec;6(12):1191-7. doi: 10.1038/ni1276.</citation>
    <PMID>16369558</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Berrueta L, Muskaj I, Olenich S, Butler T, Badger GJ, Colas RA, Spite M, Serhan CN, Langevin HM. Stretching Impacts Inflammation Resolution in Connective Tissue. J Cell Physiol. 2016 Jul;231(7):1621-7. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25263. Epub 2015 Dec 10.</citation>
    <PMID>26588184</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>September 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>March 23, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>June 22, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">June 23, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>September 9, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>September 9, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 13, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Harvard University Faculty of Medicine</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Peter Wayne</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Principal Investigator</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>stretching</keyword>
  <keyword>yoga</keyword>
  <keyword>mind-body therapies</keyword>
  <keyword>inflammation</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Musculoskeletal Pain</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Fasciitis</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Inflammation</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Neck Pain</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Low Back Pain</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>The results of this study may eventually be published, and information may be exchanged between medical investigators and collaborators, but patient confidentiality will be maintained. Institutional Review Board and regulatory authorities will be granted direct access to original medical and research records for verification of clinical trial procedures and/or data. If the record is used or disseminated for government purposes, it will be done under conditions that will protect the subject's privacy consistent with laws relating to public disclosure of information and the law-enforcement responsibilities of the agency (e.g. NIH and FDA).</ipd_description>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04444102
org study id: 2019P001716
nct id: NCT04444102
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The goal of this study is to explore the impact of two types of yoga-based body stretching
      (mild and intense) on dynamic changes of Systemic Inflammatory Cytokines (SICs) and
      Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) in yoga-naïve subjects.
During the last decade, yoga has become increasingly popular in Western cultures. The 2017
      NIH report indicated that 14.3% of the adult population practice yoga in the USA. The most
      common yoga styles tested in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are Hatha, Iyengar, and
      Patanjali.

      One key physical component of yoga is the stretching that occurs during different postures.
      Based on animal studies, it is plausible to think that the physical intensity of stretching
      may affect systemic inflammatory outcomes, i.e. SICs and SPMs. However, human studies have
      not isolated and quantified the impact of stretching. In consequence, it is not known to what
      extent the benefits of yoga can be attributed to the physical aspect of stretching. One way
      to explore the effect of yoga would be to isolate the stretching element and compare two
      stretching protocols with yoga-based postures on SICs and SPMs.

      In previous preclinical studies using an ex-vivo stretching model of mouse connective tissue
      (AICUC: 04996), the investigators found that fibroblasts are actively involved in the
      regulation of connective tissue tension, demonstrating that fibroblasts have a more elaborate
      scheme of responses to mechanical stress than was previously thought.

      Later, in the inflammatory active stretch rat model (AICUC 04995), the investigators found
      that after 10 minutes of an active stretch there was a significant reduction in the
      inflammatory lesion size area measured with ultrasound and a reduction of infiltrating
      neutrophils. The SPM Resolvin 1 (RvD1) was also measured and showed a significant difference
      between the stretch and no stretch group. These promising results encouraged the
      investigators to keep exploring the fundamental innate mechanism by which the body enhances
      the healing of an inflammatory process regardless of its etiology; e.g., a mouse breast
      cancer model with active stretch showed that with four weeks of stretching once a day, tumors
      were reduced roughly to the half comparing with the no-stretch group and a pig study
      currently underway is exploring the effects of active stretching on SPMs production and
      determining changes in Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil (PMN) and macrophages migration toward
      the inflammatory stimulus.

      These pre-clinical results motivated the research group to move forward with a translational
      pilot study to explore first the feasibility and second, the effect of stretching on the
      connective tissue and muscles of healthy humans. The investigators presume to find an effect
      of stretching on a systemic level. Hence, they propose to measure levels of SICs and SPMs, as
      well as their changes over time after one acute session of yoga-based stretching postures.
      The investigators plan to collect blood samples at baseline pre-intervention and then at 0
      minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 2, and 3, and 24 hours after the intervention. Samples will be
      analyzed using flow cytometry and ELISA.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: The present study is a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) with 3 arms. These arms are: Control Group, Mild Stretching Group, and Intense Stretching Group. Ten participants will be allocated in each arm.
primary purpose: Basic Science
masking: Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
masking description: Participants and yoga-based stretching instructor are not blinded. Nurses and lab technicians are blinded during blood draws. Laboratory analysts are blinded during sample analyses. Statisticians will be unblinded once all laboratory analyses are completed.
measure: Feasibility of a pilot study including one session of acute stretching and serial blood samples over a period of 24 hours.
time frame: Two consecutive study visits per participants over a period of 24 hours
description: Study recruitment will be completed within 9 months
>70% of participants will complete two study visits
Participants will adhere to study protocol, including completion of outcome assessments (> 90%) and complying with stretching instructions specific to the mild and intense stretching protocol (confirmed with video analysis)
There will be no serious adverse events reported.
measure: Systemic inflammatory cytokines
time frame: Baseline, 0-, 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-minutes and 24 hours post intervention.
description: Cytokines (IL-1b, IFN-a2, IFN-y, TNF-a, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33) Serum levels in pg/mL
measure: Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs)
time frame: Baseline, 0-, 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-minutes and 24 hours post intervention.
description: Lipid mediators
arm group label: Control group (CG)
arm group type: No Intervention
description: Those subjects randomized to the CG will be offered reading options that do not evoke high emotional distress. They will spend an hour reading.
arm group label: Stretching protocol 1, Mild Stretching Group (MSG)
arm group type: Experimental
description: The protocol starts with 5 minutes of instruction about finding a range of stretching representing approximately 50% of the range of motion and pain-free. The instructor will also wear wrist and ankle reflective bands as body-marks to show a posture with 100% stretch and then corrected to 50%. Once the participant grasps the concept the routine will begin with 5 minutes of warm-up, followed by stretching exercises targeting 10 anatomical groups. Each posture will last 1 minute divided in 30 seconds of settling into each posture and 30 seconds of holding. Each session will be video recorded to analyze the stretching range, only if the participant agrees at the informed consent visit. Participants will be encouraged to find their own 50% with some feedback from the instructor.
arm group label: Stretching protocol 2, Intense Stretching Group (ISG):
arm group type: Experimental
description: The protocol starts with 5 minutes of instruction about finding a range of stretching representing approximately 100% of the range of motion and pain-free. The instructor will also wear wrist and ankle reflective bands as body-marks to show a posture with 100% stretch. Once the participant grasps the concept the routine will begin with 5 minutes of warm-up, followed by stretching exercises targeting 10 anatomical groups. Each posture will last 1 minute divided in 30 seconds of settling into each posture and 30 seconds of holding. Each session will be video recorded to analyze the stretching range, only if the participant agrees at the informed consent visit. Participants will be encouraged to find their own 100% with some feedback from the instructor.
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Yoga-based stretching
description: Different yoga postures (ASANA) were isolated from conventional yoga practice to stretch different muscle groups.
Muscle groups stretched: hip extensor and adductors, hip & plantar flexors, shoulder extensors, shoulder horizontal adductors, shoulder extensors-adductor, wrist flexor, trunk extensors, lateral flexors, and trunk rotators.
arm group label: Stretching protocol 1, Mild Stretching Group (MSG)
arm group label: Stretching protocol 2, Intense Stretching Group (ISG):
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 40 Years
maximum age: 60 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Peter M Wayne, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard University
facility: 
country: United States
citation: Ding D, Stamatakis E. Yoga practice in England 1997-2008: prevalence, temporal trends, and correlates of participation. BMC Res Notes. 2014 Mar 24;7:172. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-172.
PMID: 24661723
citation: Tindle HA, Davis RB, Phillips RS, Eisenberg DM. Trends in use of complementary and alternative medicine by US adults: 1997-2002. Altern Ther Health Med. 2005 Jan-Feb;11(1):42-9.
PMID: 15712765
citation: Clarke TC, Barnes PM, Black LI, Stussman BJ, Nahin RL. Use of Yoga, Meditation, and Chiropractors Among U.S. Adults Aged 18 and Over. NCHS Data Brief. 2018 Nov;(325):1-8.
PMID: 30475686
citation: Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Bennett JM, Andridge R, Peng J, Shapiro CL, Malarkey WB, Emery CF, Layman R, Mrozek EE, Glaser R. Yoga's impact on inflammation, mood, and fatigue in breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Apr 1;32(10):1040-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.8860. Epub 2014 Jan 27.
PMID: 24470004
citation: Ospina MB, Bond K, Karkhaneh M, Tjosvold L, Vandermeer B, Liang Y, Bialy L, Hooton N, Buscemi N, Dryden DM, Klassen TP. Meditation practices for health: state of the research. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007 Jun;(155):1-263.
PMID: 17764203
citation: Ebnezar J, Nagarathna R, Yogitha B, Nagendra HR. Effect of integrated yoga therapy on pain, morning stiffness and anxiety in osteoarthritis of the knee joint: A randomized control study. Int J Yoga. 2012 Jan;5(1):28-36. doi: 10.4103/0973-6131.91708.
PMID: 22346063
citation: Langevin HM. Connective tissue: a body-wide signaling network? Med Hypotheses. 2006;66(6):1074-7. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.12.032. Epub 2006 Feb 17.
PMID: 16483726
citation: Benias PC, Wells RG, Sackey-Aboagye B, Klavan H, Reidy J, Buonocore D, Miranda M, Kornacki S, Wayne M, Carr-Locke DL, Theise ND. Structure and Distribution of an Unrecognized Interstitium in Human Tissues. Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 27;8(1):4947. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23062-6. Erratum In: Sci Rep. 2018 May 10;8(1):7610.
PMID: 29588511
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PMID: 26588184
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Harvard University Faculty of Medicine
investigator full name: Peter Wayne
investigator title: Principal Investigator
mesh term: Musculoskeletal Pain
mesh term: Fasciitis
mesh term: Inflammation
mesh term: Neck Pain
mesh term: Low Back Pain
sharing ipd: No
ipd description: The results of this study may eventually be published, and information may be exchanged between medical investigators and collaborators, but patient confidentiality will be maintained. Institutional Review Board and regulatory authorities will be granted direct access to original medical and research records for verification of clinical trial procedures and/or data. If the record is used or disseminated for government purposes, it will be done under conditions that will protect the subject's privacy consistent with laws relating to public disclosure of information and the law-enforcement responsibilities of the agency (e.g. NIH and FDA).