<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04460300</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>AIBU-HSF-SCC-02</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04460300</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Effects of Aromatherapy in Hypertensive Individuals</brief_title>
  <official_title>The Effect of Aromatherapy Through Inhalation and Foot Massage on Blood Pressure and Stress Response in Individuals With Essential Hypertension</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Abant Izzet Baysal University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Abant Izzet Baysal University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Objective: To investigate the effect of aromatherapy on blood pressure and stress response by&#xD;
      inhalation and foot massage in individuals with essential hypertension.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Methods: The randomized controlled trial is performed with 69 individuals diagnosed with&#xD;
      essential hypertension hospitalized. There are two interventions (group 1:&#xD;
      aromatherapy-inhalation method, group 2: aromatherapy-foot massage) and a control group in&#xD;
      the study. Blood pressure is measured with a digital sphygmomanometer after 10 minutes of&#xD;
      rest; stress response is determined by heart rate, blood cortisol levels and anxiety scale.&#xD;
      Aromatherapy with lavender oil is applied to the intervention groups; no application is made&#xD;
      to the control group and routine follow-up at the hospital continued.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Objective: The primary aim of the study is to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on blood&#xD;
      pressure and stress response by inhalation and foot massage in individuals with essential&#xD;
      hypertension. Secondary aims;&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  to define the effect of aromatherapy inhalation method and foot massage application on&#xD;
           blood pressure and heart rate in individuals with essential hypertension,&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  to define the effects of aromatherapy inhalation method and foot massage application on&#xD;
           blood cortisol levels in individuals with essential hypertension,&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  to define the effects of aromatherapy inhalation method and foot massage application on&#xD;
           anxiety scores in individuals with essential hypertension.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Hypothesis:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  H0-1: Aromatherapy inhalation method has no significant effect on blood pressure in&#xD;
           individuals with essential hypertension.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  H1-1: Aromatherapy inhalation method has a significant effect on blood pressure in&#xD;
           individuals with essential hypertension.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  H0-2: Aromatherapy inhalation method does not have a significant effect on stress&#xD;
           response in individuals with essential hypertension.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  H1-2: Aromatherapy inhalation method has a significant effect on stress response in&#xD;
           individuals with essential hypertension.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  H0-3: Foot massage application does not have a significant effect on blood pressure in&#xD;
           individuals with essential hypertension.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  H1-3: Foot massage application has a significant effect on blood pressure in individuals&#xD;
           with essential hypertension.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  H0-4: Foot massage application in patients with essential hypertension has no&#xD;
           significant effect on stress response.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  H1-4: Foot massage application in patients with essential hypertension has a significant&#xD;
           effect on stress response.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Methods: The randomized controlled trial is performed with 69 individuals diagnosed with&#xD;
      essential hypertension hospitalized.There are two interventions (group 1:&#xD;
      aromatherapy-inhalation method, group 2: aromatherapy-foot massage) and a control group in&#xD;
      the study. In power analysis based on blood cortisol level,80% power, 95% confidence&#xD;
      interval, effect size 0.39, standard deviation 3.09 were calculated and 23 participants in&#xD;
      each group were determined. Blood pressure is measured with a digital sphygmomanometer after&#xD;
      10 minutes of rest; stress response is determined by heart rate, blood cortisol levels and&#xD;
      anxiety scale. Aromatherapy with lavender oil is applied to the intervention groups; no&#xD;
      application is made to the control group and routine follow-up at the hospital continued. The&#xD;
      group-1 smells sterile cloth with 5 drops of lavender oil for five minutes and is done every&#xD;
      other day for three days. Group-2 receives a total of 20 minutes of foot massage with 5 drops&#xD;
      of lavender oil for each foot and is applied every other day for three days. Aromatherapy is&#xD;
      performed between 07:00 and 08:00 in the morning hours when the blood cortisol value peaked&#xD;
      at the highest level and homogeneity is achieved in terms of application.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Measures: For intervention groups (group 1 and 2), blood pressure and heart rate will be&#xD;
      measured seven times in total, both at the first interview and before and after each&#xD;
      application, 10 minutes after the application; for control group, it is a total of seven&#xD;
      times, both once in the first interview and twice every other day. Blood cortisol level is&#xD;
      measured four times in total for the intervention groups, both at the beginning and after&#xD;
      each application; For the control group, it is measured at the same time as the intervention&#xD;
      groups at baseline and on the third follow-up day (twice in total). Anxiety scale&#xD;
      (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) is used for subjective stress response. Trait&#xD;
      Anxiety Inventory is evaluated at the beginning of the study for both groups (only once).&#xD;
      State Anxiety Inventory, for intervention groups, is applied four times both before and after&#xD;
      the first application and before and after the third application; for control group is&#xD;
      applied twice, on the first follow-up day and on the third follow-up day.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Analysis: Statistical methods to be used for study data;&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Descriptive statistics (number and percentage, average, standard deviation)&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  T test (Parametric), Mann Whitney U test (nonparametric) (according to the suitability&#xD;
           of the data for normal distribution)&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  One-way anova (Parametric), Kruskal Wallis Test (nonparametric) (according to the normal&#xD;
           distribution of data)&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Pearson / Spearman Correlation (according to the suitability of the data for normal&#xD;
           distribution)&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Analysis of variance in repeated measurements&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Regression analysis&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">December 3, 2018</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">August 3, 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">August 3, 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Double (Participant, Care Provider)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Mean of blood pressure (mmHg)</measure>
    <time_frame>up to one week</time_frame>
    <description>In the study, a digital sphygmomanometer, which has been calibrated in comparison with the mercury sphygmomanometer, is used in order to prevent individual differences in the measurement of blood pressure. For accurate results, the sphygmomanometer sleeve is sized for adult individuals (width = about 20 cm, length = about 40 cm). In order for the blood pressure not to be affected by the conditions during the measurement, it is taken into account that the individual did not drink tea or coffee, take caffeine, and preferably did not eat during the 30 minutes prior to measurement. Measurements are made after the individual has been resting in a quiet room for at least 10 minutes. The measurements at the first interview are made from both arms, the blood pressure in the high arm is considered to be the blood pressure of the patient. Blood pressure measurements in the follow-ups are also made from this arm.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Mean of heart rate (/dk)</measure>
    <time_frame>up to one week</time_frame>
    <description>The heart rate is the pressure of the left ventricle on the vascular wall of the blood that it throws into the aorta during systole from the skin surface.In the research, apical heart rate is measured with a stethoscope.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Mean of blood cortisol level (mg/dl)</measure>
    <time_frame>up to one week</time_frame>
    <description>Adrenal cortisol release is largely regulated by the limbic system-hypothalamus-pituitary and adrenal (L-HPA) axis.When an individual detects an environmental stimulus or stress to be avoided, activation of the HPA-axis is initiated in the central nervous system, and a physiological process occurs to stimulate the adrenal gland to release glucocorticoids for cortisol release.There are sources showing that the maximum cortisol values are between 04:00 and 08:00. The half-life of cortisol in circulation is 60 minutes, so the blood concentration changes rapidly. For this reason, interventions in the study are performed within hours when the serum cortisol level is highest and blood will be drawn for cortisol 5 minutes after the application.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Means of subjective anxiety scores</measure>
    <time_frame>up to one week</time_frame>
    <description>Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory is used to measure subjective anxiety scores.The State Anxiety Inventory is a 4-point Likert-type scale consisting of 20 questions aimed at measuring how individuals are feeling right now.The Trait Anxiety Inventory is a 20-item scale that generally determines how the individual feels, regardless of the situation and circumstances in which the individual is present.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">69</enrollment>
  <condition>Essential Hypertension</condition>
  <condition>Aromatherapy</condition>
  <condition>Stress, Physiological</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Aromatherapy-inhalation group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>In addition to the pharmacological treatment prescribed by the physician to individuals in this group, aromatherapy is carried out through the essential oil inhalation method. Individuals who can distinguish odors in the odor sense test before the application is included in the study. Aromatherapy inhalation is applied for three days and every other day (eg Monday-Wednesday-Friday) determined by the researchers for a week. Intervention is made between 07:00 and 08:00 in the morning hours when the blood cortisol value is maximized and homogeneity is provided.&#xD;
In this method, 5 drops of lavender oil is dropped directly on a sterile gauze and individuals is allowed to breathe from a distance of 10 cm for 5 minutes.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Aromatherapy-foot massage group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>In addition to the pharmacological treatment prescribed by the physician to individuals in this group, aromatherapy is applied through foot massage. Swedish massage protocol is followed in foot massage intervention.The foot massage is performed on three days and every other day (eg Monday-Wednesday-Friday) determined by the researchers for a week.The intervention is performed between 07:00 and 08:00 in the morning hours when the blood cortisol value is maximized and homogeneity is provided.&#xD;
Foot massage is done with 10 drops (5 drops per foot) of lavender for 10 minutes for each foot for 20 minutes. During the intervention, 20 techniques is used and the application time of each technique is 30 seconds (total 10 minutes per foot).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>Interviews is held with the control group while performing the routine treatment and care of the clinic. No intervention is made by the researchers to the control group during the interview.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Aromatherapy-inhalation method</intervention_name>
    <description>In addition to the pharmacological treatment prescribed by the physician to individuals in this group, aromatherapy is carried out through the essential oil inhalation method. Individuals who can distinguish odors in the odor sense test before the application is included in the study. Aromatherapy inhalation is applied for three days and every other day (eg Monday-Wednesday-Friday) determined by the researchers for a week. Intervention is made between 07:00 and 08:00 in the morning hours when the blood cortisol value is maximized and homogeneity is provided.&#xD;
In this method, 5 drops of lavender oil will be dropped directly on a sterile gauze and individuals will be allowed to breathe from a distance of 10 cm for 5 minutes.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Aromatherapy-inhalation group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Aromatherapy-foot massage group</intervention_name>
    <description>In addition to the pharmacological treatment prescribed by the physician to individuals in this group, aromatherapy is applied through foot massage. Swedish massage protocol is followed in foot massage intervention.The foot massage is performed on three days and every other day (eg Monday-Wednesday-Friday) determined by the researchers for a week.The intervention is performed between 07:00 and 08:00 in the morning hours when the blood cortisol value is maximized and homogeneity is provided.&#xD;
Foot massage is done with 10 drops (5 drops per foot) of lavender for 10 minutes for each foot for 20 minutes. During the intervention, 20 techniques is used and the application time of each technique is 30 seconds (total 10 minutes per foot).</description>
    <arm_group_label>Aromatherapy-foot massage group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  18 years and over,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Have been diagnosed with essential hypertension for at least 6 months,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Blood pressure values are 120-180 mmHg for systolic pressure and 80-110 mmHg for&#xD;
             diastolic pressure,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Receiving regular antihypertensive therapy,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  No additional antihypertensive drug is added during the application,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Passing the odor sense test,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  No current anxiolytic or hypnotic treatment,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Not diagnosed with psychiatric illness,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Not pre-applied,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Those who understand and speak Turkish,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  No speech, hearing and vision loss,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Non-smoker,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Does not apply herbal treatment to lower blood pressure,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Individuals who agreed to participate in the research&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  An additional antihypertensive drug was added during the application,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Before each intervention, SKB ≥ 180 or &lt;120 mmHg and DKB ≥ 110 or &lt;80 mmHg,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Taking dialysis treatment,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  In addition to its existing diseases, it is diagnosed with asthma, COPD and acute&#xD;
             myocardial infarction.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  With a known allergic response to lavender oil,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Applying herbal treatment to lower blood pressure,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Those who cannot pass the odor sense test,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Receiving current anxiolytic or hypnotic treatment,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Diagnosed with psychiatric illness,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pre-implemented,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Who cannot understand and speak Turkish,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Speech, hearing and vision loss,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Smoker,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Individuals who do not agree to participate in the research&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Saadet Can Cicek</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Health Sciences Faculty</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Hospital Chief Physician, Dr</last_name>
    <phone>0374 253 46 26</phone>
    <email>bolueah1@saglik.gov.tr</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Bolu Elderly Health Center</name>
      <address>
        <city>Bolu</city>
        <country>Turkey</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Bolu Governorship</last_name>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Turkey</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>July 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 21, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 1, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 7, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>July 1, 2020</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>July 1, 2020</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">July 7, 2020</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Essential Hypertension</keyword>
  <keyword>Aromatherapy</keyword>
  <keyword>Physiological Stress Response</keyword>
  <keyword>Anxiety</keyword>
  <keyword>Arterial Pressure</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Hypertension</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Essential Hypertension</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04460300
org study id: AIBU-HSF-SCC-02
nct id: NCT04460300
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Objective: To investigate the effect of aromatherapy on blood pressure and stress response by
      inhalation and foot massage in individuals with essential hypertension.

      Methods: The randomized controlled trial is performed with 69 individuals diagnosed with
      essential hypertension hospitalized. There are two interventions (group 1:
      aromatherapy-inhalation method, group 2: aromatherapy-foot massage) and a control group in
      the study. Blood pressure is measured with a digital sphygmomanometer after 10 minutes of
      rest; stress response is determined by heart rate, blood cortisol levels and anxiety scale.
      Aromatherapy with lavender oil is applied to the intervention groups; no application is made
      to the control group and routine follow-up at the hospital continued.
Objective: The primary aim of the study is to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on blood
      pressure and stress response by inhalation and foot massage in individuals with essential
      hypertension. Secondary aims;

        -  to define the effect of aromatherapy inhalation method and foot massage application on
           blood pressure and heart rate in individuals with essential hypertension,

        -  to define the effects of aromatherapy inhalation method and foot massage application on
           blood cortisol levels in individuals with essential hypertension,

        -  to define the effects of aromatherapy inhalation method and foot massage application on
           anxiety scores in individuals with essential hypertension.

      Hypothesis:

        -  H0-1: Aromatherapy inhalation method has no significant effect on blood pressure in
           individuals with essential hypertension.

        -  H1-1: Aromatherapy inhalation method has a significant effect on blood pressure in
           individuals with essential hypertension.

        -  H0-2: Aromatherapy inhalation method does not have a significant effect on stress
           response in individuals with essential hypertension.

        -  H1-2: Aromatherapy inhalation method has a significant effect on stress response in
           individuals with essential hypertension.

        -  H0-3: Foot massage application does not have a significant effect on blood pressure in
           individuals with essential hypertension.

        -  H1-3: Foot massage application has a significant effect on blood pressure in individuals
           with essential hypertension.

        -  H0-4: Foot massage application in patients with essential hypertension has no
           significant effect on stress response.

        -  H1-4: Foot massage application in patients with essential hypertension has a significant
           effect on stress response.

      Methods: The randomized controlled trial is performed with 69 individuals diagnosed with
      essential hypertension hospitalized.There are two interventions (group 1:
      aromatherapy-inhalation method, group 2: aromatherapy-foot massage) and a control group in
      the study. In power analysis based on blood cortisol level,80% power, 95% confidence
      interval, effect size 0.39, standard deviation 3.09 were calculated and 23 participants in
      each group were determined. Blood pressure is measured with a digital sphygmomanometer after
      10 minutes of rest; stress response is determined by heart rate, blood cortisol levels and
      anxiety scale. Aromatherapy with lavender oil is applied to the intervention groups; no
      application is made to the control group and routine follow-up at the hospital continued. The
      group-1 smells sterile cloth with 5 drops of lavender oil for five minutes and is done every
      other day for three days. Group-2 receives a total of 20 minutes of foot massage with 5 drops
      of lavender oil for each foot and is applied every other day for three days. Aromatherapy is
      performed between 07:00 and 08:00 in the morning hours when the blood cortisol value peaked
      at the highest level and homogeneity is achieved in terms of application.

      Measures: For intervention groups (group 1 and 2), blood pressure and heart rate will be
      measured seven times in total, both at the first interview and before and after each
      application, 10 minutes after the application; for control group, it is a total of seven
      times, both once in the first interview and twice every other day. Blood cortisol level is
      measured four times in total for the intervention groups, both at the beginning and after
      each application; For the control group, it is measured at the same time as the intervention
      groups at baseline and on the third follow-up day (twice in total). Anxiety scale
      (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) is used for subjective stress response. Trait
      Anxiety Inventory is evaluated at the beginning of the study for both groups (only once).
      State Anxiety Inventory, for intervention groups, is applied four times both before and after
      the first application and before and after the third application; for control group is
      applied twice, on the first follow-up day and on the third follow-up day.

      Analysis: Statistical methods to be used for study data;

        -  Descriptive statistics (number and percentage, average, standard deviation)

        -  T test (Parametric), Mann Whitney U test (nonparametric) (according to the suitability
           of the data for normal distribution)

        -  One-way anova (Parametric), Kruskal Wallis Test (nonparametric) (according to the normal
           distribution of data)

        -  Pearson / Spearman Correlation (according to the suitability of the data for normal
           distribution)

        -  Analysis of variance in repeated measurements

        -  Regression analysis
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Supportive Care
masking: Double (Participant, Care Provider)
measure: Mean of blood pressure (mmHg)
time frame: up to one week
description: In the study, a digital sphygmomanometer, which has been calibrated in comparison with the mercury sphygmomanometer, is used in order to prevent individual differences in the measurement of blood pressure. For accurate results, the sphygmomanometer sleeve is sized for adult individuals (width = about 20 cm, length = about 40 cm). In order for the blood pressure not to be affected by the conditions during the measurement, it is taken into account that the individual did not drink tea or coffee, take caffeine, and preferably did not eat during the 30 minutes prior to measurement. Measurements are made after the individual has been resting in a quiet room for at least 10 minutes. The measurements at the first interview are made from both arms, the blood pressure in the high arm is considered to be the blood pressure of the patient. Blood pressure measurements in the follow-ups are also made from this arm.
measure: Mean of heart rate (/dk)
time frame: up to one week
description: The heart rate is the pressure of the left ventricle on the vascular wall of the blood that it throws into the aorta during systole from the skin surface.In the research, apical heart rate is measured with a stethoscope.
measure: Mean of blood cortisol level (mg/dl)
time frame: up to one week
description: Adrenal cortisol release is largely regulated by the limbic system-hypothalamus-pituitary and adrenal (L-HPA) axis.When an individual detects an environmental stimulus or stress to be avoided, activation of the HPA-axis is initiated in the central nervous system, and a physiological process occurs to stimulate the adrenal gland to release glucocorticoids for cortisol release.There are sources showing that the maximum cortisol values are between 04:00 and 08:00. The half-life of cortisol in circulation is 60 minutes, so the blood concentration changes rapidly. For this reason, interventions in the study are performed within hours when the serum cortisol level is highest and blood will be drawn for cortisol 5 minutes after the application.
measure: Means of subjective anxiety scores
time frame: up to one week
description: Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory is used to measure subjective anxiety scores.The State Anxiety Inventory is a 4-point Likert-type scale consisting of 20 questions aimed at measuring how individuals are feeling right now.The Trait Anxiety Inventory is a 20-item scale that generally determines how the individual feels, regardless of the situation and circumstances in which the individual is present.
arm group label: Aromatherapy-inhalation group
arm group type: Experimental
description: In addition to the pharmacological treatment prescribed by the physician to individuals in this group, aromatherapy is carried out through the essential oil inhalation method. Individuals who can distinguish odors in the odor sense test before the application is included in the study. Aromatherapy inhalation is applied for three days and every other day (eg Monday-Wednesday-Friday) determined by the researchers for a week. Intervention is made between 07:00 and 08:00 in the morning hours when the blood cortisol value is maximized and homogeneity is provided.
In this method, 5 drops of lavender oil is dropped directly on a sterile gauze and individuals is allowed to breathe from a distance of 10 cm for 5 minutes.
arm group label: Aromatherapy-foot massage group
arm group type: Experimental
description: In addition to the pharmacological treatment prescribed by the physician to individuals in this group, aromatherapy is applied through foot massage. Swedish massage protocol is followed in foot massage intervention.The foot massage is performed on three days and every other day (eg Monday-Wednesday-Friday) determined by the researchers for a week.The intervention is performed between 07:00 and 08:00 in the morning hours when the blood cortisol value is maximized and homogeneity is provided.
Foot massage is done with 10 drops (5 drops per foot) of lavender for 10 minutes for each foot for 20 minutes. During the intervention, 20 techniques is used and the application time of each technique is 30 seconds (total 10 minutes per foot).
arm group label: Control group
arm group type: No Intervention
description: Interviews is held with the control group while performing the routine treatment and care of the clinic. No intervention is made by the researchers to the control group during the interview.
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Aromatherapy-inhalation method
description: In addition to the pharmacological treatment prescribed by the physician to individuals in this group, aromatherapy is carried out through the essential oil inhalation method. Individuals who can distinguish odors in the odor sense test before the application is included in the study. Aromatherapy inhalation is applied for three days and every other day (eg Monday-Wednesday-Friday) determined by the researchers for a week. Intervention is made between 07:00 and 08:00 in the morning hours when the blood cortisol value is maximized and homogeneity is provided.
In this method, 5 drops of lavender oil will be dropped directly on a sterile gauze and individuals will be allowed to breathe from a distance of 10 cm for 5 minutes.
arm group label: Aromatherapy-inhalation group
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Aromatherapy-foot massage group
description: In addition to the pharmacological treatment prescribed by the physician to individuals in this group, aromatherapy is applied through foot massage. Swedish massage protocol is followed in foot massage intervention.The foot massage is performed on three days and every other day (eg Monday-Wednesday-Friday) determined by the researchers for a week.The intervention is performed between 07:00 and 08:00 in the morning hours when the blood cortisol value is maximized and homogeneity is provided.
Foot massage is done with 10 drops (5 drops per foot) of lavender for 10 minutes for each foot for 20 minutes. During the intervention, 20 techniques is used and the application time of each technique is 30 seconds (total 10 minutes per foot).
arm group label: Aromatherapy-foot massage group
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Saadet Can Cicek
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Health Sciences Faculty
last name: Hospital Chief Physician, Dr
phone: 0374 253 46 26
email: bolueah1@saglik.gov.tr
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
country: Turkey
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Hypertension
mesh term: Essential Hypertension