<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04454710</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>144/18</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04454710</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Pulsed Radiofrequency and Osteoarthritic Chronic Knee Pain</brief_title>
  <official_title>The Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency on the Saphenous Nerve in Osteoarthritic Chronic Knee Pain</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of Rome Tor Vergata</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Rome Tor Vergata</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency&#xD;
      of the saphenous nerve in the treatment of pain due to knee osteoarthritis (OA). The&#xD;
      investigators will conduct real pulsed radiofrequency or sham, over the saphenous nerve&#xD;
      during 4 separate sessions. The investigators will evaluate pain intensity, quality of life,&#xD;
      function, and disability via clinical validated scales.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The research question is whether pulsed radiofrequency can lessen knee pain and improve&#xD;
      function and quality of life in patients with chronic knee pain due OA.&#xD;
&#xD;
      It is hypothesized, that less knee pain and improved function, and quality of life after the&#xD;
      pulsed radiofrequency sessions.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 10% of the population over 60 years of age each year, with an&#xD;
      increasing incidence related to population aging. This disease costs 1-2.5% of GDP on average&#xD;
      in Europe when combining direct and indirect costs: it is therefore the 9th leading cause of&#xD;
      disability adjusted life years. The knee is the most commonly affected joint, for which there&#xD;
      is no treatment able to stop joint degeneration as of today: common treatment regimens&#xD;
      include pharmacological therapy, joint infiltrations, neuromodulation techniques, and total&#xD;
      knee arthroplasty when indicated. However, each patient responds differently and therefore&#xD;
      necessitates a tailored approach.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), a neuromodulating technique that potentiates the descending&#xD;
      analgesic pathway by avoiding Wallerian degeneration, has as of today been targeted&#xD;
      intraarticularly or to the genicular nerves, yielding unreliable results in both cases,&#xD;
      perhaps due to small samples, lack of long term follow ups, and absence of control groups.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The goal of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of PRF on the saphenous nerve,&#xD;
      an exclusively sensory nerve that is responsible for pain perception on the medial surface of&#xD;
      the lower limb, often associable with OA. In particularly, the investigators will evaluate&#xD;
      the effect of PRF on pain reduction, function, disability, and quality of life in patients&#xD;
      with knee OA.&#xD;
&#xD;
      This study will include 20 participants suffering from knee OA, and the participants will&#xD;
      enroll if infiltrating their saphenous nerve with 2mL of 2% lidocaine reduces their Numeric&#xD;
      Pain Rating Scale (NRS) pain perception by at least 60%.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The participants will be allocated consecutively to randomization as an intervention order&#xD;
      using the tool from the randomization.com website (Dallal GE, http://www.randomization.com).&#xD;
      The investigators will use the second generation suggested for crossover studies. The&#xD;
      participants will be randomized into a PRF sham control group or a real PRF group and the&#xD;
      investigators will follow up at 2 weeks (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4)&#xD;
      by acquiring their NRS, Oxford Knee Score, and SF-36 questionnaire. After 6 months, the&#xD;
      participants will be crossed-over and the follow-up method will be repeated.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 1, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">February 1, 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">February 1, 2021</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in Pain severity</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]</time_frame>
    <description>Changes in Pain severity will be measured by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as &quot;no pain&quot; and 10 as &quot;worst pain imaginable&quot;).</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in Health related quality-of -life</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]</time_frame>
    <description>Changes in quality of life will be measured by SF-36. The Italian version of SF-36 will used to understand the health related quality-of -life of the participants over the past four weeks. The eight health concepts: limitations in physical activities because of health problems; limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems; limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; bodily pain; general mental health (psychological distress and well-being); limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems; vitality (energy and fatigue); and general health perceptions will be searched. These outcomes will be grouped as physical component summary and mental component summary. The norm data is 0-100, the health related quality of life is increases as the scores are increased. The average score is 50.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in in knee function and pain</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]</time_frame>
    <description>Changes in in knee function and pain will be measured by Oxford Knee Score. The Oxford Knee Score questionnaire consists of 12 questions that cover function and pain of the knee. Each question is scored from 0 to 4 (0 being the worst outcome and 4 being the best). The overall score is the sum of all items and can range from 0 to 48, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">20</enrollment>
  <condition>Pulsed Radiofrequency</condition>
  <condition>Osteoarthritis, Knee</condition>
  <condition>Knee Pain Chronic</condition>
  <condition>Knee Arthritis</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Real Pulsed Radiofrequency</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>The participant will receive real pulsed radiofrequency for 2 minutes at a frequency of 2 pulses per second (2Hz) while lie in the supine position with their leg of interest partially flexed about 45 degrees and externally rotated. The full procedure will take eight minutes, composed of four sessions of 2 minutes in which the temperature was maintained below 42°C.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Sham Pulsed Radiofrequency</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Sham Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Identical to the real pulsed radiofrequency, except the participants will only receive the initial 2 seconds of ramp-up, after which the device will switch-off for the rest of the session and will turn-on again at the end of the session.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Pulsed Radiofrequency</intervention_name>
    <description>Pulsed radiofrequency is a novel therapeutic modality with many potential applications in pain management.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Real Pulsed Radiofrequency</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Sham Pulsed Radiofrequency</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Chronic knee pain (present for at least 6 months), of moderate-severe intensity&#xD;
             (assessed by NRS =&gt; 6), not responsive to conservative treatments (physiotherapy, oral&#xD;
             analgesics).&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis confirmed by instrumental investigation (X-ray and/or&#xD;
             MRI) and Oxford Knee Score = &lt;35.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Positivity to the diagnostic block of no. saphenous (defined as a reduction of at&#xD;
             least 50% of the NRS score).&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  If the patient is taking opioids or other morphine equivalents, the dosage should not&#xD;
             be changed within 3 months prior to the study enrollment visit.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Body Mass index &gt; 40 kg /m2&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of systemic inflammatory disease, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, neoplastic&#xD;
             pathology, coagulopathy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Previous knee replacement implant&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>80 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>University of Rome Tor Vergata</name>
      <address>
        <city>Roma</city>
        <state>Lazio</state>
        <zip>00133</zip>
        <country>Italy</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Italy</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Zhang W, Doherty M, Peat G, Bierma-Zeinstra MA, Arden NK, Bresnihan B, Herrero-Beaumont G, Kirschner S, Leeb BF, Lohmander LS, Mazieres B, Pavelka K, Punzi L, So AK, Tuncer T, Watt I, Bijlsma JW. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Mar;69(3):483-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.113100. Epub 2009 Sep 17.</citation>
    <PMID>19762361</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, Abramson S, Altman RD, Arden N, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Brandt KD, Croft P, Doherty M, Dougados M, Hochberg M, Hunter DJ, Kwoh K, Lohmander LS, Tugwell P. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, part I: critical appraisal of existing treatment guidelines and systematic review of current research evidence. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Sep;15(9):981-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.06.014. Epub 2007 Aug 27.</citation>
    <PMID>17719803</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kapoor R, Adhikary SD, Siefring C, McQuillan PM. The saphenous nerve and its relationship to the nerve to the vastus medialis in and around the adductor canal: an anatomical study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Mar;56(3):365-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02645.x.</citation>
    <PMID>22335278</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Carlino E, Piedimonte A, Benedetti F. Nature of the placebo and nocebo effect in relation to functional neurologic disorders. Handb Clin Neurol. 2016;139:597-606. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801772-2.00048-5.</citation>
    <PMID>27719874</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Carr AJ, Robertsson O, Graves S, Price AJ, Arden NK, Judge A, Beard DJ. Knee replacement. Lancet. 2012 Apr 7;379(9823):1331-40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60752-6. Epub 2012 Mar 6.</citation>
    <PMID>22398175</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Castelnuovo G, Giusti EM, Manzoni GM, Saviola D, Gabrielli S, Lacerenza M, Pietrabissa G, Cattivelli R, Spatola CAM, Rossi A, Varallo G, Novelli M, Villa V, Luzzati F, Cottini A, Lai C, Volpato E, Cavalera C, Pagnini F, Tesio V, Castelli L, Tavola M, Torta R, Arreghini M, Zanini L, Brunani A, Seitanidis I, Ventura G, Capodaglio P, D'Aniello GE, Scarpina F, Brioschi A, Bigoni M, Priano L, Mauro A, Riva G, Di Lernia D, Repetto C, Regalia C, Molinari E, Notaro P, Paolucci S, Sandrini G, Simpson S, Wiederhold BK, Gaudio S, Jackson JB, Tamburin S, Benedetti F. What Is the Role of the Placebo Effect for Pain Relief in Neurorehabilitation? Clinical Implications From the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation. Front Neurol. 2018 May 18;9:310. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00310. eCollection 2018.</citation>
    <PMID>29867723</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gupta A, Huettner DP, Dukewich M. Comparative Effectiveness Review of Cooled Versus Pulsed Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. Pain Physician. 2017 Mar;20(3):155-171.</citation>
    <PMID>28339430</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Herman DC, Vincent KR. Saphenous Nerve Block for the Assessment of Knee Pain Refractory to Conservative Treatment. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2018 May;17(5):146-147. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000480. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>29738318</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kesikburun S, Yasar E, Uran A, Adiguzel E, Yilmaz B. Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment For Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: A Preliminary Report. Pain Physician. 2016 Jul;19(5):E751-9.</citation>
    <PMID>27389118</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>March 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 26, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>June 27, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 1, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>March 16, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>March 16, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">March 17, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University of Rome Tor Vergata</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Mohammad Alwardat</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Postdoctoral fellowship</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Osteoarthritis, Knee</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04454710
org study id: 144/18
nct id: NCT04454710
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of pulsed radiofrequency
      of the saphenous nerve in the treatment of pain due to knee osteoarthritis (OA). The
      investigators will conduct real pulsed radiofrequency or sham, over the saphenous nerve
      during 4 separate sessions. The investigators will evaluate pain intensity, quality of life,
      function, and disability via clinical validated scales.

      The research question is whether pulsed radiofrequency can lessen knee pain and improve
      function and quality of life in patients with chronic knee pain due OA.

      It is hypothesized, that less knee pain and improved function, and quality of life after the
      pulsed radiofrequency sessions.
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 10% of the population over 60 years of age each year, with an
      increasing incidence related to population aging. This disease costs 1-2.5% of GDP on average
      in Europe when combining direct and indirect costs: it is therefore the 9th leading cause of
      disability adjusted life years. The knee is the most commonly affected joint, for which there
      is no treatment able to stop joint degeneration as of today: common treatment regimens
      include pharmacological therapy, joint infiltrations, neuromodulation techniques, and total
      knee arthroplasty when indicated. However, each patient responds differently and therefore
      necessitates a tailored approach.

      Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF), a neuromodulating technique that potentiates the descending
      analgesic pathway by avoiding Wallerian degeneration, has as of today been targeted
      intraarticularly or to the genicular nerves, yielding unreliable results in both cases,
      perhaps due to small samples, lack of long term follow ups, and absence of control groups.

      The goal of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of PRF on the saphenous nerve,
      an exclusively sensory nerve that is responsible for pain perception on the medial surface of
      the lower limb, often associable with OA. In particularly, the investigators will evaluate
      the effect of PRF on pain reduction, function, disability, and quality of life in patients
      with knee OA.

      This study will include 20 participants suffering from knee OA, and the participants will
      enroll if infiltrating their saphenous nerve with 2mL of 2% lidocaine reduces their Numeric
      Pain Rating Scale (NRS) pain perception by at least 60%.

      The participants will be allocated consecutively to randomization as an intervention order
      using the tool from the randomization.com website (Dallal GE, http://www.randomization.com).
      The investigators will use the second generation suggested for crossover studies. The
      participants will be randomized into a PRF sham control group or a real PRF group and the
      investigators will follow up at 2 weeks (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4)
      by acquiring their NRS, Oxford Knee Score, and SF-36 questionnaire. After 6 months, the
      participants will be crossed-over and the follow-up method will be repeated.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Crossover Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Changes in Pain severity
time frame: Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]
description: Changes in Pain severity will be measured by Numeric Pain Rating Scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable").
measure: Changes in Health related quality-of -life
time frame: Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]
description: Changes in quality of life will be measured by SF-36. The Italian version of SF-36 will used to understand the health related quality-of -life of the participants over the past four weeks. The eight health concepts: limitations in physical activities because of health problems; limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems; limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; bodily pain; general mental health (psychological distress and well-being); limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems; vitality (energy and fatigue); and general health perceptions will be searched. These outcomes will be grouped as physical component summary and mental component summary. The norm data is 0-100, the health related quality of life is increases as the scores are increased. The average score is 50.
measure: Changes in in knee function and pain
time frame: Measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention]
description: Changes in in knee function and pain will be measured by Oxford Knee Score. The Oxford Knee Score questionnaire consists of 12 questions that cover function and pain of the knee. Each question is scored from 0 to 4 (0 being the worst outcome and 4 being the best). The overall score is the sum of all items and can range from 0 to 48, with higher scores corresponding to better outcomes.
arm group label: Real Pulsed Radiofrequency
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: The participant will receive real pulsed radiofrequency for 2 minutes at a frequency of 2 pulses per second (2Hz) while lie in the supine position with their leg of interest partially flexed about 45 degrees and externally rotated. The full procedure will take eight minutes, composed of four sessions of 2 minutes in which the temperature was maintained below 42°C.
arm group label: Sham Pulsed Radiofrequency
arm group type: Sham Comparator
description: Identical to the real pulsed radiofrequency, except the participants will only receive the initial 2 seconds of ramp-up, after which the device will switch-off for the rest of the session and will turn-on again at the end of the session.
intervention type: Device
intervention name: Pulsed Radiofrequency
description: Pulsed radiofrequency is a novel therapeutic modality with many potential applications in pain management.
arm group label: Real Pulsed Radiofrequency
arm group label: Sham Pulsed Radiofrequency
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 80 Years
healthy volunteers: No
facility: 
country: Italy
citation: Zhang W, Doherty M, Peat G, Bierma-Zeinstra MA, Arden NK, Bresnihan B, Herrero-Beaumont G, Kirschner S, Leeb BF, Lohmander LS, Mazieres B, Pavelka K, Punzi L, So AK, Tuncer T, Watt I, Bijlsma JW. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Mar;69(3):483-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.113100. Epub 2009 Sep 17.
PMID: 19762361
citation: Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, Abramson S, Altman RD, Arden N, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Brandt KD, Croft P, Doherty M, Dougados M, Hochberg M, Hunter DJ, Kwoh K, Lohmander LS, Tugwell P. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, part I: critical appraisal of existing treatment guidelines and systematic review of current research evidence. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Sep;15(9):981-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.06.014. Epub 2007 Aug 27.
PMID: 17719803
citation: Kapoor R, Adhikary SD, Siefring C, McQuillan PM. The saphenous nerve and its relationship to the nerve to the vastus medialis in and around the adductor canal: an anatomical study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012 Mar;56(3):365-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02645.x.
PMID: 22335278
citation: Carlino E, Piedimonte A, Benedetti F. Nature of the placebo and nocebo effect in relation to functional neurologic disorders. Handb Clin Neurol. 2016;139:597-606. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801772-2.00048-5.
PMID: 27719874
citation: Carr AJ, Robertsson O, Graves S, Price AJ, Arden NK, Judge A, Beard DJ. Knee replacement. Lancet. 2012 Apr 7;379(9823):1331-40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60752-6. Epub 2012 Mar 6.
PMID: 22398175
citation: Castelnuovo G, Giusti EM, Manzoni GM, Saviola D, Gabrielli S, Lacerenza M, Pietrabissa G, Cattivelli R, Spatola CAM, Rossi A, Varallo G, Novelli M, Villa V, Luzzati F, Cottini A, Lai C, Volpato E, Cavalera C, Pagnini F, Tesio V, Castelli L, Tavola M, Torta R, Arreghini M, Zanini L, Brunani A, Seitanidis I, Ventura G, Capodaglio P, D'Aniello GE, Scarpina F, Brioschi A, Bigoni M, Priano L, Mauro A, Riva G, Di Lernia D, Repetto C, Regalia C, Molinari E, Notaro P, Paolucci S, Sandrini G, Simpson S, Wiederhold BK, Gaudio S, Jackson JB, Tamburin S, Benedetti F. What Is the Role of the Placebo Effect for Pain Relief in Neurorehabilitation? Clinical Implications From the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation. Front Neurol. 2018 May 18;9:310. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00310. eCollection 2018.
PMID: 29867723
citation: Gupta A, Huettner DP, Dukewich M. Comparative Effectiveness Review of Cooled Versus Pulsed Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. Pain Physician. 2017 Mar;20(3):155-171.
PMID: 28339430
citation: Herman DC, Vincent KR. Saphenous Nerve Block for the Assessment of Knee Pain Refractory to Conservative Treatment. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2018 May;17(5):146-147. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000480. No abstract available.
PMID: 29738318
citation: Kesikburun S, Yasar E, Uran A, Adiguzel E, Yilmaz B. Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment For Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: A Preliminary Report. Pain Physician. 2016 Jul;19(5):E751-9.
PMID: 27389118
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: University of Rome Tor Vergata
investigator full name: Mohammad Alwardat
investigator title: Postdoctoral fellowship
mesh term: Osteoarthritis, Knee
sharing ipd: No