<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04485637</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>BloodPressureCommunications</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04485637</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Helping Hypertension Patients to Interpret Blood Pressure Readings and Motivate Blood Pressure Control</brief_title>
  <official_title>Helping Hypertension Patients to Interpret Blood Pressure Readings and Motivate Blood Pressure Control</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of Southern California</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University of Pittsburgh</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Southern California</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and a leading cause of death&#xD;
      worldwide. Only about 50% of hypertension patients have good blood pressure control. Patients&#xD;
      with low health literacy have worse blood pressure control, perhaps because they find it&#xD;
      harder to interpret whether blood pressure readings are high or low, reflect good or bad&#xD;
      blood pressure control, and indicate a need for behavior change or medication use.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The American Heart Association has called for broad efforts to help empower hypertension&#xD;
      patients from different backgrounds to control their blood pressure. Therefore, the&#xD;
      investigators will evaluate different ways for helping hypertension patients to interpret&#xD;
      their blood pressure readings and motivate blood pressure control, in a sample of&#xD;
      hypertension patients varying in health literacy, age, and socio-economic status. Their&#xD;
      strategy is based on insights from behavioral science studies, which suggest that people find&#xD;
      it easier to interpret numbers when they can see the range of possible numbers.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aim 1: Based on existing communications, the investigators will create 3 blood pressure&#xD;
      communications:&#xD;
&#xD;
      (A) a basic table showing only the normal blood pressure range, which is often used in&#xD;
      clinical practice and online communications about blood pressure, but may make it hard to&#xD;
      interpret numbers outside of the normal range, potentially undermining behavior change&#xD;
      intentions; (B) an enhanced table showing how combinations of diastolic and systolic blood&#xD;
      pressure reflect normal, elevated and hypertension ranges, from the American Heart&#xD;
      Association; (C) an enhanced graph to be adapted from Blood Pressure UK to show the same&#xD;
      color-coded ranges as the enhanced table, with diastolic blood pressure on the x-axis and&#xD;
      systolic blood pressure on the y-axis.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aim 2: : In a sample of 650 diagnosed hypertension patients recruited through the Pitt+Me&#xD;
      Patient Registry at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), the investigators&#xD;
      will evaluate whether being presented with the enhanced table or graph (vs. basic table)&#xD;
      affects patients' self-reported blood pressure measurement (as averaged across two&#xD;
      measurements taken at the time of the survey at least 1 minute apart, as per directions of&#xD;
      the American Heart Association), and improves interpretations of these two blood pressure&#xD;
      readings and of hypothetical blood pressure readings, as well as behavior change intentions.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aim 3: The investigators will examine whether Aim 2 findings vary by health literacy, age,&#xD;
      and SES.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and a&#xD;
      leading cause of death worldwide. Lifetime risk of hypertension is 70-90%, but it is higher&#xD;
      among adults who are older and of low socio-economic status (SES). Older age and lower SES&#xD;
      are also associated with low health literacy, which undermines understanding of health&#xD;
      information. Yet, low health literacy in hypertension patients is an independent predictor of&#xD;
      poor blood pressure control, with only about 50% of hypertension patients having controlled&#xD;
      blood pressure. Possibly, patients with lower health literacy find it harder to interpret&#xD;
      whether blood pressure readings are high or low, reflect good or bad blood pressure control,&#xD;
      and indicate a need for behavior change or medication use. Even college-educated hypertension&#xD;
      patients who have bought home blood pressure monitors may struggle to interpret blood&#xD;
      pressure readings that are outside the normal range, undermining their intentions to improve&#xD;
      their blood pressure control.&#xD;
&#xD;
      BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE INSIGHT Lab studies in behavioral science have found that individuals'&#xD;
      ability to interpret numbers (likely including blood pressure readings) is improved by&#xD;
      showing the range or distribution - also called 'reference information'. In preliminary work,&#xD;
      the PI showed that many people struggle to interpret credit card APRs, because they do not&#xD;
      know what numbers are good or bad. In line with the behavioral science insight, the PI found&#xD;
      that providing graphs with ranges of existing APRs helped recipients to see which credit&#xD;
      cards posed a bad deal, and reduced their intentions to get such credit cards. It has been&#xD;
      posited that providing reference information (e.g. normal and abnormal blood pressure ranges)&#xD;
      should also help hypertension patients to interpret blood pressure readings, and help them to&#xD;
      control their blood pressure.&#xD;
&#xD;
      If reference information is used when communicating blood pressure readings in clinics and&#xD;
      online health records, it often involves a basic table that only shows the normal range&#xD;
      (e.g., &lt;120 for systolic and &lt;80 for diastolic blood pressure). In one behavioral science&#xD;
      study, 106 university staff performed similarly when using this basic table or when using a&#xD;
      color-coded horizontal bar graph (showing the normal range in white and values outside the&#xD;
      normal range in black). However, neither format followed the American Heart Association's&#xD;
      communication, which shows more reference information for interpreting blood pressure&#xD;
      readings outside of the normal range. Hypertension patients may need to see such enhanced&#xD;
      reference information, because they are more likely to encounter blood pressure readings&#xD;
      outside of the normal range. Moreover, those readings can be harder to interpret - perhaps&#xD;
      especially for hypertension patients with low health literacy. The investigators propose to&#xD;
      evaluate 2 formats for providing the more enhanced reference information from the American&#xD;
      Heart Association, in either a table (as used by the American Heart Association), or a graph&#xD;
      (as used by Blood Pressure UK, to be adapted to show the information from the American Heart&#xD;
      Association). The behavioral science literature suggests that tables facilitate reading&#xD;
      specific numbers, but that graphs help more with interpreting numbers as high or low, and&#xD;
      good or bad - though that could depend on recipients' health literacy.&#xD;
&#xD;
      SPECIFIC AIMS The American Heart Association has called for broad-based efforts to improve&#xD;
      the proportion of hypertension patients with controlled blood pressure, by &quot;further engaging&#xD;
      individuals in the hypertension control process&quot; with &quot;adequate representation of [specific]&#xD;
      populations&quot; including those with lower health literacy, older age, and lower SES. Therefore,&#xD;
      the investigators propose to conduct an NIH Stage I primary data collection project, to&#xD;
      evaluate the efficacy of interventions to facilitate blood pressure readings and motivate&#xD;
      blood pressure control, in a sample of hypertension patients varying in health literacy, age,&#xD;
      and SES.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aim 1: Based on existing communications, the investigators' communication expertise (see&#xD;
      below), and pilot tests with up to 10 hypertension patients, the investigators will generate&#xD;
      3 blood pressure communications:&#xD;
&#xD;
      (A) a basic table showing only the normal range, which is often used but may make it hard to&#xD;
      interpret numbers outside of the normal range, potentially undermining behavior change&#xD;
      intentions; (B) an enhanced table with more reference information, showing how combinations&#xD;
      of diastolic and systolic blood pressure reflect normal, elevated and hypertension ranges,&#xD;
      from the American Heart Association; (C) an enhanced graph to be adapted from Blood Pressure&#xD;
      UK to show the same color-coded ranges as the enhanced table, with diastolic blood pressure&#xD;
      on the x-axis and systolic blood pressure on the y-axis.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aim 2:: In a sample of 650 diagnosed hypertension patients recruited through the Pitt+Me&#xD;
      Patient Registry at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), the investigators&#xD;
      will evaluate whether being presented with the enhanced table or graph (vs. basic table)&#xD;
      affects patients' self-reported blood pressure measurement (as averaged across two&#xD;
      measurements taken at the time of the survey at least 1 minute apart, as per directions of&#xD;
      the American Heart Association), and improves interpretations of these two blood pressure&#xD;
      readings and of hypothetical blood pressure readings, as well as behavior change intentions.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aim 3: The investigators will examine whether Aim 2 findings vary by health literacy, age,&#xD;
      and SES.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">March 23, 2022</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">May 20, 2022</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">May 10, 2022</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Blood pressure measurement (reported on questionnaire)</measure>
    <time_frame>Questionnaire completed immediately after receiving communication</time_frame>
    <description>Participants will be asked to measure their blood pressure twice, 1 minute apart, and record their diastolic and systolic blood pressure readings for each time on a questionnaire</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Understanding of blood pressure reading (provided on questionnaire)</measure>
    <time_frame>Questionnaire completed immediately after receiving communication</time_frame>
    <description>On a questionnaire, participants will be asked to indicate whether they think systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings are in the normal range (yes/no)</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Evaluation of blood pressure reading (provided on questionnaire)</measure>
    <time_frame>Questionnaire completed immediately after receiving communication</time_frame>
    <description>On a questionnaire, participants will be asked to indicate their perceptions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings on a scale from 1(=very bad) to 5 (=very good).</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Behavioral intention index (provided on questionnaire)</measure>
    <time_frame>Questionnaire completed immediately after receiving communication</time_frame>
    <description>On a questionnaire, participants will be asked how likely it is that they will try to lose weight, exercise more, take medication as recommended, and talk to their health care provider about improving their blood pressure readings, on a scale from 1 (=very unlikely) to 5 (=very likely)</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">650</enrollment>
  <condition>Hypertension</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Communication with basic table</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>Blood pressure communication showing a basic table representing only the normal range of blood pressure readings</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Communication with enhanced table</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>Communication showing an enhanced table (Fig 1B) with more reference information for interpreting blood pressure readings, including how combinations of diastolic and systolic blood pressure reflect normal, elevated and hypertension ranges (adapted from the American Heart Association)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Communication with enhanced graph</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>Communication showing an enhanced graph (adapted from Blood Pressure UK) for interpreting blood pressure readings, showing the same color-coded ranges as the enhanced table, with diastolic blood pressure on the x-axis and systolic blood pressure on the y-axis</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Communication with basic table</intervention_name>
    <description>Communication showing only the normal range of blood pressure readings, which is often used but may make it hard to interpret numbers outside of the normal range</description>
    <arm_group_label>Communication with basic table</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Communication with enhanced table</intervention_name>
    <description>Communication with enhanced table, with reference information showing how combinations of diastolic and systolic blood pressure reflect normal, elevated and hypertension ranges (adapted from the American Heart Association)</description>
    <arm_group_label>Communication with enhanced table</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Communication with enhanced graph</intervention_name>
    <description>Communication with enhanced graph, showing reference information about how to interpret blood pressure readings (adapted from Blood Pressure UK) with diastolic blood pressure on the x-axis and systolic blood pressure on the y-axis</description>
    <arm_group_label>Communication with enhanced graph</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Diagnosed with hypertension&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Proficient in English&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Wandi Bruine de Bruin, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>University of Southern California</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Wandi Bruine de Bruin, PhD</last_name>
    <phone>412-638-5875</phone>
    <email>wandibdb@usc.edu</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Pitt+Me Patient Registry</name>
      <address>
        <city>Pittsburgh</city>
        <state>Pennsylvania</state>
        <zip>15213</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Wandi Bruine de Bruin</last_name>
      <phone>412-638-5875</phone>
    </contact>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Tamar Krishnamurti</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>March 2022</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>July 20, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 22, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 24, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>March 28, 2022</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>March 28, 2022</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">April 6, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University of Southern California</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Wandi Bruine de Bruin</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Provost Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Hypertension</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>No personal identifiable patient information will be collected.</ipd_description>
  </patient_data>
  <pending_results>
    <submitted>May 2, 2022</submitted>
    <submission_canceled>December 15, 2022</submission_canceled>
    <submitted>December 15, 2022</submitted>
  </pending_results>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04485637
org study id: BloodPressureCommunications
nct id: NCT04485637
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and a leading cause of death
      worldwide. Only about 50% of hypertension patients have good blood pressure control. Patients
      with low health literacy have worse blood pressure control, perhaps because they find it
      harder to interpret whether blood pressure readings are high or low, reflect good or bad
      blood pressure control, and indicate a need for behavior change or medication use.

      The American Heart Association has called for broad efforts to help empower hypertension
      patients from different backgrounds to control their blood pressure. Therefore, the
      investigators will evaluate different ways for helping hypertension patients to interpret
      their blood pressure readings and motivate blood pressure control, in a sample of
      hypertension patients varying in health literacy, age, and socio-economic status. Their
      strategy is based on insights from behavioral science studies, which suggest that people find
      it easier to interpret numbers when they can see the range of possible numbers.

      Aim 1: Based on existing communications, the investigators will create 3 blood pressure
      communications:

      (A) a basic table showing only the normal blood pressure range, which is often used in
      clinical practice and online communications about blood pressure, but may make it hard to
      interpret numbers outside of the normal range, potentially undermining behavior change
      intentions; (B) an enhanced table showing how combinations of diastolic and systolic blood
      pressure reflect normal, elevated and hypertension ranges, from the American Heart
      Association; (C) an enhanced graph to be adapted from Blood Pressure UK to show the same
      color-coded ranges as the enhanced table, with diastolic blood pressure on the x-axis and
      systolic blood pressure on the y-axis.

      Aim 2: : In a sample of 650 diagnosed hypertension patients recruited through the Pitt+Me
      Patient Registry at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), the investigators
      will evaluate whether being presented with the enhanced table or graph (vs. basic table)
      affects patients' self-reported blood pressure measurement (as averaged across two
      measurements taken at the time of the survey at least 1 minute apart, as per directions of
      the American Heart Association), and improves interpretations of these two blood pressure
      readings and of hypothetical blood pressure readings, as well as behavior change intentions.

      Aim 3: The investigators will examine whether Aim 2 findings vary by health literacy, age,
      and SES.
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and a
      leading cause of death worldwide. Lifetime risk of hypertension is 70-90%, but it is higher
      among adults who are older and of low socio-economic status (SES). Older age and lower SES
      are also associated with low health literacy, which undermines understanding of health
      information. Yet, low health literacy in hypertension patients is an independent predictor of
      poor blood pressure control, with only about 50% of hypertension patients having controlled
      blood pressure. Possibly, patients with lower health literacy find it harder to interpret
      whether blood pressure readings are high or low, reflect good or bad blood pressure control,
      and indicate a need for behavior change or medication use. Even college-educated hypertension
      patients who have bought home blood pressure monitors may struggle to interpret blood
      pressure readings that are outside the normal range, undermining their intentions to improve
      their blood pressure control.

      BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE INSIGHT Lab studies in behavioral science have found that individuals'
      ability to interpret numbers (likely including blood pressure readings) is improved by
      showing the range or distribution - also called 'reference information'. In preliminary work,
      the PI showed that many people struggle to interpret credit card APRs, because they do not
      know what numbers are good or bad. In line with the behavioral science insight, the PI found
      that providing graphs with ranges of existing APRs helped recipients to see which credit
      cards posed a bad deal, and reduced their intentions to get such credit cards. It has been
      posited that providing reference information (e.g. normal and abnormal blood pressure ranges)
      should also help hypertension patients to interpret blood pressure readings, and help them to
      control their blood pressure.

      If reference information is used when communicating blood pressure readings in clinics and
      online health records, it often involves a basic table that only shows the normal range
      (e.g., <120 for systolic and <80 for diastolic blood pressure). In one behavioral science
      study, 106 university staff performed similarly when using this basic table or when using a
      color-coded horizontal bar graph (showing the normal range in white and values outside the
      normal range in black). However, neither format followed the American Heart Association's
      communication, which shows more reference information for interpreting blood pressure
      readings outside of the normal range. Hypertension patients may need to see such enhanced
      reference information, because they are more likely to encounter blood pressure readings
      outside of the normal range. Moreover, those readings can be harder to interpret - perhaps
      especially for hypertension patients with low health literacy. The investigators propose to
      evaluate 2 formats for providing the more enhanced reference information from the American
      Heart Association, in either a table (as used by the American Heart Association), or a graph
      (as used by Blood Pressure UK, to be adapted to show the information from the American Heart
      Association). The behavioral science literature suggests that tables facilitate reading
      specific numbers, but that graphs help more with interpreting numbers as high or low, and
      good or bad - though that could depend on recipients' health literacy.

      SPECIFIC AIMS The American Heart Association has called for broad-based efforts to improve
      the proportion of hypertension patients with controlled blood pressure, by "further engaging
      individuals in the hypertension control process" with "adequate representation of [specific]
      populations" including those with lower health literacy, older age, and lower SES. Therefore,
      the investigators propose to conduct an NIH Stage I primary data collection project, to
      evaluate the efficacy of interventions to facilitate blood pressure readings and motivate
      blood pressure control, in a sample of hypertension patients varying in health literacy, age,
      and SES.

      Aim 1: Based on existing communications, the investigators' communication expertise (see
      below), and pilot tests with up to 10 hypertension patients, the investigators will generate
      3 blood pressure communications:

      (A) a basic table showing only the normal range, which is often used but may make it hard to
      interpret numbers outside of the normal range, potentially undermining behavior change
      intentions; (B) an enhanced table with more reference information, showing how combinations
      of diastolic and systolic blood pressure reflect normal, elevated and hypertension ranges,
      from the American Heart Association; (C) an enhanced graph to be adapted from Blood Pressure
      UK to show the same color-coded ranges as the enhanced table, with diastolic blood pressure
      on the x-axis and systolic blood pressure on the y-axis.

      Aim 2:: In a sample of 650 diagnosed hypertension patients recruited through the Pitt+Me
      Patient Registry at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), the investigators
      will evaluate whether being presented with the enhanced table or graph (vs. basic table)
      affects patients' self-reported blood pressure measurement (as averaged across two
      measurements taken at the time of the survey at least 1 minute apart, as per directions of
      the American Heart Association), and improves interpretations of these two blood pressure
      readings and of hypothetical blood pressure readings, as well as behavior change intentions.

      Aim 3: The investigators will examine whether Aim 2 findings vary by health literacy, age,
      and SES.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Other
masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
measure: Blood pressure measurement (reported on questionnaire)
time frame: Questionnaire completed immediately after receiving communication
description: Participants will be asked to measure their blood pressure twice, 1 minute apart, and record their diastolic and systolic blood pressure readings for each time on a questionnaire
measure: Understanding of blood pressure reading (provided on questionnaire)
time frame: Questionnaire completed immediately after receiving communication
description: On a questionnaire, participants will be asked to indicate whether they think systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings are in the normal range (yes/no)
measure: Evaluation of blood pressure reading (provided on questionnaire)
time frame: Questionnaire completed immediately after receiving communication
description: On a questionnaire, participants will be asked to indicate their perceptions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings on a scale from 1(=very bad) to 5 (=very good).
measure: Behavioral intention index (provided on questionnaire)
time frame: Questionnaire completed immediately after receiving communication
description: On a questionnaire, participants will be asked how likely it is that they will try to lose weight, exercise more, take medication as recommended, and talk to their health care provider about improving their blood pressure readings, on a scale from 1 (=very unlikely) to 5 (=very likely)
arm group label: Communication with basic table
arm group type: Other
description: Blood pressure communication showing a basic table representing only the normal range of blood pressure readings
arm group label: Communication with enhanced table
arm group type: Other
description: Communication showing an enhanced table (Fig 1B) with more reference information for interpreting blood pressure readings, including how combinations of diastolic and systolic blood pressure reflect normal, elevated and hypertension ranges (adapted from the American Heart Association)
arm group label: Communication with enhanced graph
arm group type: Other
description: Communication showing an enhanced graph (adapted from Blood Pressure UK) for interpreting blood pressure readings, showing the same color-coded ranges as the enhanced table, with diastolic blood pressure on the x-axis and systolic blood pressure on the y-axis
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Communication with basic table
description: Communication showing only the normal range of blood pressure readings, which is often used but may make it hard to interpret numbers outside of the normal range
arm group label: Communication with basic table
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Communication with enhanced table
description: Communication with enhanced table, with reference information showing how combinations of diastolic and systolic blood pressure reflect normal, elevated and hypertension ranges (adapted from the American Heart Association)
arm group label: Communication with enhanced table
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Communication with enhanced graph
description: Communication with enhanced graph, showing reference information about how to interpret blood pressure readings (adapted from Blood Pressure UK) with diastolic blood pressure on the x-axis and systolic blood pressure on the y-axis
arm group label: Communication with enhanced graph
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Wandi Bruine de Bruin, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: University of Southern California
last name: Wandi Bruine de Bruin, PhD
phone: 412-638-5875
email: wandibdb@usc.edu
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
investigator: 
country: United States
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: University of Southern California
investigator full name: Wandi Bruine de Bruin
investigator title: Provost Professor
mesh term: Hypertension
sharing ipd: No
ipd description: No personal identifiable patient information will be collected.
submitted: May 2, 2022
submission canceled: December 15, 2022
submitted: December 15, 2022