<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04478370</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>MAL19009</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04478370</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Characterizing Humoral Immune Response to Mosquito Bites</brief_title>
  <acronym>SG6</acronym>
  <official_title>Characterizing the Humoral Immune Response Against Salivary Antigens of Southeast Asian Mosquito Vectors of Malaria and Dengue With a Human Challenge Model</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of Oxford</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Burnet Institute</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Agency for Science, Technology and Research</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Oxford</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The characteristics of the humoral response directed against mosquito saliva antigens are not&#xD;
      known precisely. This is a major limitation for using immunological markers as an outcome in&#xD;
      epidemiological trials and as an indicator for operational deployment of interventions.&#xD;
      Recent advances in the assembly of the genome of some Anopheles and Aedes mosquito vector&#xD;
      species has facilitated the identification of new candidate peptides in silico, using the&#xD;
      sequences of orthologous salivary gland proteins and B-cell prediction algorithms. The&#xD;
      objective of this study is to assess the humoral immune response directed against candidate&#xD;
      peptides following controlled exposure to laboratory-adapted colonies of An. minimus, An.&#xD;
      maculatus and An. dirus, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.&#xD;
&#xD;
      This research will provide essential information to identify and validate immunological&#xD;
      markers of human exposure to malaria and dengue mosquito vectors in Southeast Asia.&#xD;
      Immunological markers would be useful to understand transmission dynamics and predict the&#xD;
      risk of transmission as part of a surveillance system, and to assess the efficacy of&#xD;
      vector-control interventions in entomological trials or during operational deployment of&#xD;
      interventions in the region.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      This study is a human challenge model with five arms corresponding to controlled exposure to&#xD;
      bites of uninfected laboratory-adapted colonies of Anopheles minimus, An. maculatus, An.&#xD;
      dirus, Aedes. aegypti or Ae. albopictus. Following screening and eligibility assessment, 150&#xD;
      participants will be enrolled in the study using a block-randomized design stratified on the&#xD;
      mosquito species and number of bites (35 or 305 bites in total) such as to constitute 10&#xD;
      groups of 15 individuals for each of the study condition. Participants will be in the study&#xD;
      for 112 days. The baseline will consist of 2 visits over 2 weeks (day 0 and day 7).&#xD;
&#xD;
      In the low-exposure groups, participants will be exposed to 5 mosquito bites at weekly&#xD;
      intervals from day 14 to day 56 (seven challenges with 5 mosquito bites/challenge over six&#xD;
      weeks, yielding a total of 35 mosquito bites). In the high-exposure group, participants will&#xD;
      be exposed to 5 mosquito bites on day 14 and then to 50 mosquito bites at weekly intervals&#xD;
      from day 21 to day 56 (one challenge with 5 mosquito bites and six challenges with 50&#xD;
      mosquito bites/challenge over 6 weeks, yielding a total of 305 mosquito bites).&#xD;
&#xD;
      The number of bites and modalities of the follow up used in this study were chosen based on&#xD;
      previous entomological investigation conducted in this area, published reports of human&#xD;
      challenge with mosquito bites and current knowledge on the characteristic of the humoral&#xD;
      response against saliva antigens. Both immediate and delayed skin reactions will be recorded&#xD;
      after day 14 and day 21 challenges, requiring additional visits at day 15 and day 22.&#xD;
      Participants with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites will be withdrawn from the study. Both&#xD;
      capillary and venous blood samples will be collected weekly from each study participant.&#xD;
      Eighteen venous blood samples will be collected including one sample of 2 mL drawn during&#xD;
      screening visit, 14 samples of 8.6 mL during visits 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16,&#xD;
      17, 18 and 19, and 3 samples of 18.6 mL during visits 4, 13 and 20 (178.2 mL of venous blood&#xD;
      per participant in total). Seventeen dry blood spot (DBS) samples will be made from of 300 μL&#xD;
      of capillary blood collected during visits 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,&#xD;
      18, 19 and 20 (5.1 mL of capillary blood per participant in total).&#xD;
&#xD;
      Candidate peptides will be identified in silico using publicly available genomes sequences&#xD;
      and B-cell epitope prediction algorithms. The kinetic of antibody titers against candidate&#xD;
      biomarkers will be assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mesoscale&#xD;
      screening performed with serum and DBS specimens. Briefly, the positivity threshold of the&#xD;
      assay will be determined using reference sera specimens from individuals not exposed to&#xD;
      mosquito bites, as described previously. The ELISA signal measured in 60 reference sera&#xD;
      obtained from unexposed individuals (30 Thai sera obtained from the Thai Red Cross and 30&#xD;
      Australian sera obtained from the Burnet Institute) will be used to define the positivity&#xD;
      threshold of the assay. The positivity threshold of the assay will be defined as three&#xD;
      standard deviation (SD) above the mean optic density (ΔOD) measured for the unexposed control&#xD;
      population. A test in the study population with a ΔOD above this cut-off will be considered&#xD;
      positive (i.e. an immune response). The specific antibody titer of study samples will be&#xD;
      determined by performing serial dilution experiments. Serial dilution will be made from study&#xD;
      samples and the ΔOD will be determined for each dilution. The antibody titer will be defined&#xD;
      as the highest dilution giving a positive signal. Results obtained with DBS and serum&#xD;
      specimens will be compared in order to assess the feasibility of using DBS samples to monitor&#xD;
      exposure to bites of mosquitoes during epidemiological studies. Serum specimens collected&#xD;
      during visits 4 (baseline), 13 (early after the end of exposure) and 20 (post-exposure) will&#xD;
      also be analysed with immuno-proteomic approach (2D gel electrophoresis of salivary gland&#xD;
      protein extracts, Western blot and mass spectrometry) yielding additional information on the&#xD;
      antigenic properties of mosquito salivary gland proteome.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Planned Sample Size: 150 participants followed-up for 16 weeks&#xD;
&#xD;
      Participant Identification:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Study participants are defined as healthy participants aged between 18 and 60 years old and&#xD;
      willing to participate in the study. This study will take place at the Shoklo Malaria&#xD;
      Research Unit (SMRU) research centre in Mae Sot.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Active, not recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 21, 2021</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 31, 2024</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">December 31, 2024</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>This study is a human challenge model with five arms corresponding to controlled exposure to bites of uninfected laboratory-adapted colonies of Anopheles minimus, An. maculatus, An. dirus, Aedes. aegypti or Ae. albopictus.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Basic Science</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Levels of specific antibody titers against candidate peptides before and during repeated exposure to laboratory-reared mosquito bites determined by ELISA and mesoscale screening.</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline through day 112</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Kinetics of specific antibody titers against candidate peptides before and during repeated exposure to laboratory-reared mosquito bites determined by ELISA and mesoscale screening.</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline through day 112</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Sequence of saliva antigens determined with an immuno-proteomic method (2D gel electrophoresis of salivary gland protein extracts, Western blot and mass spectrometry).</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 14 through day 112</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Comparison of the antibody titers determined in subgroups corresponding to different level of exposure.</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0, 7 (baseline), 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 (exposure period), 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105 and 112 (post-exposure period).</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Comparison of the antibody titers determined in DBS and venous blood samples.</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0, 7 (baseline), 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 (exposure period), 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105 and 112 (post-exposure period).</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>5</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">147</enrollment>
  <condition>Malaria</condition>
  <condition>Dengue</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>An. minimus</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>This arm will be divided into 2 groups; the low-exposure groups and the high-exposure group.&#xD;
In the low-exposure group, participants will be exposed to 5 mosquito bites at weekly intervals from day 14 to day 56 (seven challenges with 5 mosquito bites/challenge over six weeks, yielding a total of 35 mosquito bites).&#xD;
In the high-exposure group, participants will be exposed to 5 mosquito bites on day 14 and then to 50 mosquito bites at weekly intervals from day 21 to day 56 (one challenge with 5 mosquito bites and six challenges with 50 mosquito bites/challenge over 6 weeks, yielding a total of 305 mosquito bites).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>An. maculatus</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Same as above</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>An. dirus</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Same as above</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Ae. aegypti</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Same as above</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Ae. albopictus</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Same as above</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Biological</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Mosquito bites</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants will be exposed to mosquito bites.&#xD;
For the low-dose challenge, five 5 to 7-day-old nulliparous female imagoes (i.e. that have never blood fed before) will be introduced individual into 50 mL plastic tube covered with netting material.&#xD;
For high-dose challenge, 47 mosquitoes will be split into four plastic cups of 10 cm in diameter covered with netting material (three cups with 12 mosquitoes and one cup with 11 mosquitoes), and 3 mosquitoes will be introduced individually into 50 mL plastic tubes.&#xD;
Mosquito bites administered on participant's arm will be used to assess immediate and delayed skin reactions. Immediate and delayed skin reactions will be recorded respectively 20-30 min and 24-36 hours after the day 14 and day 21 challenges, requiring additional visits at day 15 and 22.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Ae. aegypti</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Ae. albopictus</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>An. dirus</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>An. maculatus</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>An. minimus</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Healthy male or female participant judged by a responsible physician with no&#xD;
             abnormality identified on a medical evaluation;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Thai, Burmese or Karen ethnicity;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Aged ≥ 18 to &lt;60 years old;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Living in Mae Sot city for the last 12 months;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Willing to participate in the activity and able to give informed consent for&#xD;
             participating in the study;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Able to tolerate direct mosquito exposure.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of travel in a malaria endemic are (rural village) in the last 12 months, or&#xD;
             plan to do so during the study;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Medication or condition deemed to interfere with the outcome measure by a responsible&#xD;
             physician;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Moderate and severe anemia (haemoglobin concentration less than 110 g/L of blood);&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis to mosquito bites;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnant women&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>60 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>François Nosten</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Shoklo Malaria Research unit (SMRU)</name>
      <address>
        <city>Mae Sot</city>
        <state>Tak</state>
        <zip>63110</zip>
        <country>Thailand</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Thailand</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>June 2023</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 29, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 15, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 20, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>June 22, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>June 22, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">June 23, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Mosquito bites</keyword>
  <keyword>Biomarkers</keyword>
  <keyword>Malaria vectors</keyword>
  <keyword>Dengue vectors</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Malaria</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Dengue</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04478370
org study id: MAL19009
nct id: NCT04478370
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The characteristics of the humoral response directed against mosquito saliva antigens are not
      known precisely. This is a major limitation for using immunological markers as an outcome in
      epidemiological trials and as an indicator for operational deployment of interventions.
      Recent advances in the assembly of the genome of some Anopheles and Aedes mosquito vector
      species has facilitated the identification of new candidate peptides in silico, using the
      sequences of orthologous salivary gland proteins and B-cell prediction algorithms. The
      objective of this study is to assess the humoral immune response directed against candidate
      peptides following controlled exposure to laboratory-adapted colonies of An. minimus, An.
      maculatus and An. dirus, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.

      This research will provide essential information to identify and validate immunological
      markers of human exposure to malaria and dengue mosquito vectors in Southeast Asia.
      Immunological markers would be useful to understand transmission dynamics and predict the
      risk of transmission as part of a surveillance system, and to assess the efficacy of
      vector-control interventions in entomological trials or during operational deployment of
      interventions in the region.
This study is a human challenge model with five arms corresponding to controlled exposure to
      bites of uninfected laboratory-adapted colonies of Anopheles minimus, An. maculatus, An.
      dirus, Aedes. aegypti or Ae. albopictus. Following screening and eligibility assessment, 150
      participants will be enrolled in the study using a block-randomized design stratified on the
      mosquito species and number of bites (35 or 305 bites in total) such as to constitute 10
      groups of 15 individuals for each of the study condition. Participants will be in the study
      for 112 days. The baseline will consist of 2 visits over 2 weeks (day 0 and day 7).

      In the low-exposure groups, participants will be exposed to 5 mosquito bites at weekly
      intervals from day 14 to day 56 (seven challenges with 5 mosquito bites/challenge over six
      weeks, yielding a total of 35 mosquito bites). In the high-exposure group, participants will
      be exposed to 5 mosquito bites on day 14 and then to 50 mosquito bites at weekly intervals
      from day 21 to day 56 (one challenge with 5 mosquito bites and six challenges with 50
      mosquito bites/challenge over 6 weeks, yielding a total of 305 mosquito bites).

      The number of bites and modalities of the follow up used in this study were chosen based on
      previous entomological investigation conducted in this area, published reports of human
      challenge with mosquito bites and current knowledge on the characteristic of the humoral
      response against saliva antigens. Both immediate and delayed skin reactions will be recorded
      after day 14 and day 21 challenges, requiring additional visits at day 15 and day 22.
      Participants with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites will be withdrawn from the study. Both
      capillary and venous blood samples will be collected weekly from each study participant.
      Eighteen venous blood samples will be collected including one sample of 2 mL drawn during
      screening visit, 14 samples of 8.6 mL during visits 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16,
      17, 18 and 19, and 3 samples of 18.6 mL during visits 4, 13 and 20 (178.2 mL of venous blood
      per participant in total). Seventeen dry blood spot (DBS) samples will be made from of 300 μL
      of capillary blood collected during visits 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
      18, 19 and 20 (5.1 mL of capillary blood per participant in total).

      Candidate peptides will be identified in silico using publicly available genomes sequences
      and B-cell epitope prediction algorithms. The kinetic of antibody titers against candidate
      biomarkers will be assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mesoscale
      screening performed with serum and DBS specimens. Briefly, the positivity threshold of the
      assay will be determined using reference sera specimens from individuals not exposed to
      mosquito bites, as described previously. The ELISA signal measured in 60 reference sera
      obtained from unexposed individuals (30 Thai sera obtained from the Thai Red Cross and 30
      Australian sera obtained from the Burnet Institute) will be used to define the positivity
      threshold of the assay. The positivity threshold of the assay will be defined as three
      standard deviation (SD) above the mean optic density (ΔOD) measured for the unexposed control
      population. A test in the study population with a ΔOD above this cut-off will be considered
      positive (i.e. an immune response). The specific antibody titer of study samples will be
      determined by performing serial dilution experiments. Serial dilution will be made from study
      samples and the ΔOD will be determined for each dilution. The antibody titer will be defined
      as the highest dilution giving a positive signal. Results obtained with DBS and serum
      specimens will be compared in order to assess the feasibility of using DBS samples to monitor
      exposure to bites of mosquitoes during epidemiological studies. Serum specimens collected
      during visits 4 (baseline), 13 (early after the end of exposure) and 20 (post-exposure) will
      also be analysed with immuno-proteomic approach (2D gel electrophoresis of salivary gland
      protein extracts, Western blot and mass spectrometry) yielding additional information on the
      antigenic properties of mosquito salivary gland proteome.

      Planned Sample Size: 150 participants followed-up for 16 weeks

      Participant Identification:

      Study participants are defined as healthy participants aged between 18 and 60 years old and
      willing to participate in the study. This study will take place at the Shoklo Malaria
      Research Unit (SMRU) research centre in Mae Sot.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: This study is a human challenge model with five arms corresponding to controlled exposure to bites of uninfected laboratory-adapted colonies of Anopheles minimus, An. maculatus, An. dirus, Aedes. aegypti or Ae. albopictus.
primary purpose: Basic Science
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Levels of specific antibody titers against candidate peptides before and during repeated exposure to laboratory-reared mosquito bites determined by ELISA and mesoscale screening.
time frame: baseline through day 112
measure: Kinetics of specific antibody titers against candidate peptides before and during repeated exposure to laboratory-reared mosquito bites determined by ELISA and mesoscale screening.
time frame: baseline through day 112
measure: Sequence of saliva antigens determined with an immuno-proteomic method (2D gel electrophoresis of salivary gland protein extracts, Western blot and mass spectrometry).
time frame: Day 14 through day 112
measure: Comparison of the antibody titers determined in subgroups corresponding to different level of exposure.
time frame: Day 0, 7 (baseline), 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 (exposure period), 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105 and 112 (post-exposure period).
measure: Comparison of the antibody titers determined in DBS and venous blood samples.
time frame: Day 0, 7 (baseline), 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 (exposure period), 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 105 and 112 (post-exposure period).
arm group label: An. minimus
arm group type: Experimental
description: This arm will be divided into 2 groups; the low-exposure groups and the high-exposure group.
In the low-exposure group, participants will be exposed to 5 mosquito bites at weekly intervals from day 14 to day 56 (seven challenges with 5 mosquito bites/challenge over six weeks, yielding a total of 35 mosquito bites).
In the high-exposure group, participants will be exposed to 5 mosquito bites on day 14 and then to 50 mosquito bites at weekly intervals from day 21 to day 56 (one challenge with 5 mosquito bites and six challenges with 50 mosquito bites/challenge over 6 weeks, yielding a total of 305 mosquito bites).
arm group label: An. maculatus
arm group type: Experimental
description: Same as above
arm group label: An. dirus
arm group type: Experimental
description: Same as above
arm group label: Ae. aegypti
arm group type: Experimental
description: Same as above
arm group label: Ae. albopictus
arm group type: Experimental
description: Same as above
intervention type: Biological
intervention name: Mosquito bites
description: Participants will be exposed to mosquito bites.
For the low-dose challenge, five 5 to 7-day-old nulliparous female imagoes (i.e. that have never blood fed before) will be introduced individual into 50 mL plastic tube covered with netting material.
For high-dose challenge, 47 mosquitoes will be split into four plastic cups of 10 cm in diameter covered with netting material (three cups with 12 mosquitoes and one cup with 11 mosquitoes), and 3 mosquitoes will be introduced individually into 50 mL plastic tubes.
Mosquito bites administered on participant's arm will be used to assess immediate and delayed skin reactions. Immediate and delayed skin reactions will be recorded respectively 20-30 min and 24-36 hours after the day 14 and day 21 challenges, requiring additional visits at day 15 and 22.
arm group label: Ae. aegypti
arm group label: Ae. albopictus
arm group label: An. dirus
arm group label: An. maculatus
arm group label: An. minimus
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 60 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: François Nosten
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Shoklo Malaria Research Unit
facility: 
country: Thailand
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Malaria
mesh term: Dengue
sharing ipd: No