<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04454944</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>AAAS9921</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04454944</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Understanding Adoption for Clean Cookstoves: A Demand Study</brief_title>
  <official_title>Understanding Adoption of Clean Cookstoves</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Columbia University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University of California, Santa Barbara</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Columbia University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The aim of the Adoption study is to determine how best to encourage people to adopt clean&#xD;
      cookstoves in order to diminish the global health risk of household air pollution. The study&#xD;
      harnesses an existing cohort in Ghana to study factors that increase the adoption of clean&#xD;
      cookstoves, and to test strategies to promote adoption and continued use. Limited past&#xD;
      research has shown that the demand for clean cookstoves is low, and that households continue&#xD;
      to use traditional hearths even when they have clean cookstoves. This behavior threatens to&#xD;
      undermine clean cookstove intervention programs, such as those promoted by the Global&#xD;
      Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. The proposed study aims to ascertain the demand curve for&#xD;
      liquified petroleum gas (LPG) in the Kintampo North Municipality and South district.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The study will assess if demand for LPG in rural settings in Ghana is price elastic - and by&#xD;
      how much - by providing different levels of LPG price subsidies. It will also ascertain if&#xD;
      demand is influenced by distance by allocating participants to varying distances to points of&#xD;
      LPG supply. Finally, it will assess factors that could affect the demand for LPG such as&#xD;
      availability and price of other fuels for cooking, and income levels.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In particular the objectives of the study are:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. To determine if demand for LPG is price elastic&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. To determine if demand for LPG is influenced by distance&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. To ascertain what other factors aside the price of LPG, and distance to point of LPG&#xD;
           supply, determine the demand for LPG&#xD;
&#xD;
        4. To document the successes and challenges of introducing a subsidy for LPG in rural&#xD;
           settings&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Enrolling by invitation</last_known_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">February 15, 2021</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">October 2021</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Factorial Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Demand for LPG</measure>
    <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
    <description>The primary outcome will be measured by the number of LPG cylinder purchases and/or refills by the study participant.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>4</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">1000</enrollment>
  <condition>Consumer Behavior</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>All individuals in each arm will have a well-functioning LPG cookstove and gas cylinder. Participants in the control arm will receive no other intervention.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>No subsidy, distance variation</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>All individuals in each arm will have a well-functioning LPG cookstove and gas cylinder. This intervention arm will receive an assigned depot where they have to make liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) purchases.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Subsidy, no distance variation</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>All individuals in each arm will have a well-functioning LPG cookstove and gas cylinder. This intervention arm receives a price subsidy on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) purchases.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Subsidy, distance variation</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>All individuals in each arm will have a well-functioning LPG cookstove and gas cylinder. This intervention arm receives a price subsidy on liquefied petroleum gas) (LPG) purchases an assigned depot where they have to make liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) purchases.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>LPG subsidy</intervention_name>
    <description>Different subsidy rates, ranging between 0% and 100% (listed below) will be written on cards. Individuals will randomly select a card to display the subsidy rate for each household. The card will be concealed with a scratch-off sticker, with a higher likelihood of drawing a high price (low subsidy) than a low price (high subsidy) given that take up will be higher in the latter group.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Subsidy, distance variation</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Subsidy, no distance variation</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Distance allocation</intervention_name>
    <description>We will set up fuel supply depots to increase the convenience and lower costs and hassle associated with traveling to an established filling station. The supply depots will mirror a recirculation model of LPG distribution currently being piloted by the National Petroleum Authority of Ghana. Households will be randomly assigned to one of the supply depots in advance or to continue refilling their cylinder at the filling station.</description>
    <arm_group_label>No subsidy, distance variation</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Subsidy, distance variation</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Female&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  18 years of age or older&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Primary cook of the household&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Part of the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS) sample or reside&#xD;
             in a sample village&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Owns an LPG stove and cylinder (provided by the project in the case of newly recruited&#xD;
             households)&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria&#xD;
&#xD;
        - Temporarily residing in study area.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Female</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Darby Jack, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Columbia University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Columbia University Medical Center</name>
      <address>
        <city>New York</city>
        <state>New York</state>
        <zip>10032</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Kintampo Medical Research Center</name>
      <address>
        <city>Kintampo</city>
        <country>Ghana</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Ghana</country>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>March 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 29, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>June 29, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 2, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>March 3, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>March 3, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">March 4, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Columbia University</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Darby Jack</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Associate Professor of Environmental Health Sciences</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Yes</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>De-identified participant data will be shared between the study teams at the Kintampo Health Research Center, Columbia University and University of California, Santa Barbara. This data will not include medical or clinical information.&#xD;
We plan to create a public use de-identified dataset that will be made available via the Ghana Open Data Initiative or a similar repository.</ipd_description>
    <ipd_info_type>Study Protocol</ipd_info_type>
    <ipd_info_type>Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP)</ipd_info_type>
    <ipd_info_type>Informed Consent Form (ICF)</ipd_info_type>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04454944
org study id: AAAS9921
nct id: NCT04454944
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The aim of the Adoption study is to determine how best to encourage people to adopt clean
      cookstoves in order to diminish the global health risk of household air pollution. The study
      harnesses an existing cohort in Ghana to study factors that increase the adoption of clean
      cookstoves, and to test strategies to promote adoption and continued use. Limited past
      research has shown that the demand for clean cookstoves is low, and that households continue
      to use traditional hearths even when they have clean cookstoves. This behavior threatens to
      undermine clean cookstove intervention programs, such as those promoted by the Global
      Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. The proposed study aims to ascertain the demand curve for
      liquified petroleum gas (LPG) in the Kintampo North Municipality and South district.
The study will assess if demand for LPG in rural settings in Ghana is price elastic - and by
      how much - by providing different levels of LPG price subsidies. It will also ascertain if
      demand is influenced by distance by allocating participants to varying distances to points of
      LPG supply. Finally, it will assess factors that could affect the demand for LPG such as
      availability and price of other fuels for cooking, and income levels.

      In particular the objectives of the study are:

        1. To determine if demand for LPG is price elastic

        2. To determine if demand for LPG is influenced by distance

        3. To ascertain what other factors aside the price of LPG, and distance to point of LPG
           supply, determine the demand for LPG

        4. To document the successes and challenges of introducing a subsidy for LPG in rural
           settings
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Factorial Assignment
primary purpose: Other
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Demand for LPG
time frame: 6 months
description: The primary outcome will be measured by the number of LPG cylinder purchases and/or refills by the study participant.
arm group label: Control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: All individuals in each arm will have a well-functioning LPG cookstove and gas cylinder. Participants in the control arm will receive no other intervention.
arm group label: No subsidy, distance variation
arm group type: Experimental
description: All individuals in each arm will have a well-functioning LPG cookstove and gas cylinder. This intervention arm will receive an assigned depot where they have to make liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) purchases.
arm group label: Subsidy, no distance variation
arm group type: Experimental
description: All individuals in each arm will have a well-functioning LPG cookstove and gas cylinder. This intervention arm receives a price subsidy on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) purchases.
arm group label: Subsidy, distance variation
arm group type: Experimental
description: All individuals in each arm will have a well-functioning LPG cookstove and gas cylinder. This intervention arm receives a price subsidy on liquefied petroleum gas) (LPG) purchases an assigned depot where they have to make liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) purchases.
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: LPG subsidy
description: Different subsidy rates, ranging between 0% and 100% (listed below) will be written on cards. Individuals will randomly select a card to display the subsidy rate for each household. The card will be concealed with a scratch-off sticker, with a higher likelihood of drawing a high price (low subsidy) than a low price (high subsidy) given that take up will be higher in the latter group.
arm group label: Subsidy, distance variation
arm group label: Subsidy, no distance variation
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Distance allocation
description: We will set up fuel supply depots to increase the convenience and lower costs and hassle associated with traveling to an established filling station. The supply depots will mirror a recirculation model of LPG distribution currently being piloted by the National Petroleum Authority of Ghana. Households will be randomly assigned to one of the supply depots in advance or to continue refilling their cylinder at the filling station.
arm group label: No subsidy, distance variation
arm group label: Subsidy, distance variation
criteria: 
gender: Female
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Darby Jack, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Columbia University
facility: 
facility: 
country: Ghana
country: United States
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Columbia University
investigator full name: Darby Jack
investigator title: Associate Professor of Environmental Health Sciences
sharing ipd: Yes
ipd description: De-identified participant data will be shared between the study teams at the Kintampo Health Research Center, Columbia University and University of California, Santa Barbara. This data will not include medical or clinical information.
We plan to create a public use de-identified dataset that will be made available via the Ghana Open Data Initiative or a similar repository.
ipd info type: Study Protocol
ipd info type: Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP)
ipd info type: Informed Consent Form (ICF)