<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04485689</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>N-20190069/2</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04485689</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>The Effect of Capsaicin-induced Pain on Homeostatic Plasticity in Healthy Human Participants</brief_title>
  <official_title>The Effect of Capsaicin-induced Pain on Homeostatic Plasticity in Healthy Human Participants</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Aalborg University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Aalborg University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      People suffering from chronic pain exhibit changes in the way the central nervous system&#xD;
      processes pain. Some of the changes in the central nervous system are associated with how the&#xD;
      brain adapts to the process of different stimuli. There are several physiological mechanisms&#xD;
      that regulates how the brain adapts to changes and one of these mechanisms is called&#xD;
      homeostatic plasticity (or equilibrium plasticity ). In healthy participants homeostatic&#xD;
      plasticity mechanisms have been tested and considered normal, whereas in patients with&#xD;
      chronic conditions, such as low back pain, this mechanism was shown to be dysfunctional.&#xD;
      However, it is unknown when this difference in the pain system develops. It is possible that&#xD;
      homeostatic mechanism becomes impaired during early stages of pain. This experiment will&#xD;
      investigate the effect of capsaicin-induced pain on homeostatic plasticity in healthy&#xD;
      participants.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of capsaicin-induced pain on homeostatic&#xD;
      plasticity.&#xD;
&#xD;
      A randomised crossover design will be used to evaluate the effect of capsaicin-induced pain&#xD;
      on homeostatic plasticity using cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Each&#xD;
      participant will take part in four experimental sessions during which homeostatic plasticity&#xD;
      and corticomotor excitability will be induced and measured in the left primary motor cortex.&#xD;
      Participants will receive - in randomised order - capsaicin or placebo patch placed on the&#xD;
      dorsal part of the right hand.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Each participant will attend four sessions, being two consecutive sessions separated by two&#xD;
      weeks (i.e. wash-out period). During the experiment, participants will be seated comfortably&#xD;
      with hands and arms at rest. First, the electromyography electrodes will be placed at the&#xD;
      right first dorsal interosseous muscle to be used for assessing the corticomotor excitability&#xD;
      by recordings of motor evoked potentials by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the&#xD;
      left primary motor cortex. Then, the cap for tDCS on the left primary motor cortex will be&#xD;
      mounted. The optimal scalp position (hot spot) for TMS stimulation will be identified and&#xD;
      marked with a pen on the cap for standardisation. A 5 x 7 cm capsaicin/placebo patch will be&#xD;
      placed on participants' right hand. After 30 minutes of patch application, baseline measures&#xD;
      of pain and motor-evoked potentials will be taken. Then, the homeostatic plasticity induction&#xD;
      process will take place followed by motor-evoked potentials recordings every 15 minutes up to&#xD;
      45 minutes post protocol. Participants will be divided in 2 groups, one group will receive&#xD;
      ice over the patch as to reduce pain intensity to minimum of 1 in a numeric rating scale; the&#xD;
      other group will proceed without ice. Homeostatic plasticity will be induced and measured as&#xD;
      previously described. The patch will be left in place for 24 hours, at which point&#xD;
      participants will return to the laboratory and homeostatic plasticity will once again be&#xD;
      induced and measured. After a wash-out period of two weeks, participants will go through an&#xD;
      identical process but at this time with a different patch.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Homeostatic plasticity will be induced in the left primary motor cortex using tDCS applied&#xD;
      for 7 minutes followed by an interval of 3 minutes and another block of 5 minutes of&#xD;
      stimulation. A constant current of 2mA will be transmitted through the tDCS system, using two&#xD;
      25 cm2 electrodes placed into holes of a cap over the hot spot and right supraorbital area.&#xD;
&#xD;
      A sample size calculation was conducted using α of 0.05, β of 0.80 and effect size of 0.29&#xD;
      based on motor evoked potential (MEP) analysis of previous studies resulting in a target of&#xD;
      22 participants. To account for differences in designs 24 participants will be included,&#xD;
      being 12 in each group.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Data distribution will be assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. A mixed analysis of variance&#xD;
      (ANOVA) will be conducted on mean MEPs: within factors Intervention (Capsaicin and Placebo),&#xD;
      Time (baseline, 0 min, 15 min, min, 30 min, 45 min), Time with pain (immediate, post pain&#xD;
      relief post prolonged pain); and between factor (ice , no ice). A Greenhouse-Geisser&#xD;
      correction will be used if Mauchly's test shows that sphericity cannot be assumed.&#xD;
      Adjustments will be made for multiple post-hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.&#xD;
      Results will be interpreted according to the level of statistical significance p≤0.05.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">July 1, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Non-Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>This is a within-between subjects comparisons study.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Basic Science</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Conspiratorial excitability</measure>
    <time_frame>[Time Frame: 0 minutes post homeostatic plasticity induction]</time_frame>
    <description>Corticospinal excitability measured as motor evoked potentials amplitude induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Conspiratorial excitability</measure>
    <time_frame>[Time Frame: 15 minutes post homeostatic plasticity induction]</time_frame>
    <description>Corticospinal excitability measured as motor evoked potentials amplitude induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Conspiratorial excitability</measure>
    <time_frame>[Time Frame: 30 minutes post homeostatic plasticity induction]</time_frame>
    <description>Corticospinal excitability measured as motor evoked potentials amplitude induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Conspiratorial excitability</measure>
    <time_frame>[Time Frame: 45 minutes post homeostatic plasticity induction]</time_frame>
    <description>Corticospinal excitability measured as motor evoked potentials amplitude induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Pain intensity</measure>
    <time_frame>Every 10 minutes post capsaicin application</time_frame>
    <description>Pain intensity measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale where 0= no pain and 10 = worst imaginable pain.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>4</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">24</enrollment>
  <condition>Healthy</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Capsaicin - alone</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>5x7 cm2 capsaicin patch</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Placebo - alone</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>5x7 cm2 placebo patch alone</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Capsaicin - ice</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>5x7 cm2 capsaicin patch - plus ice</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Placebo - ice</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>5x7 cm2 placebo patch - plus ice</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Capsaicin Topical - alone</intervention_name>
    <description>5x7 cm2 capsaicin patch applied on the dorsal area of the hand and left in place for 24 hours</description>
    <arm_group_label>Capsaicin - alone</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Placebo - alone</intervention_name>
    <description>5x7 cm2 patch applied on the dorsal area of the hand and left in place for 24 hours</description>
    <arm_group_label>Placebo - alone</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Capsaicin Topical - ice</intervention_name>
    <description>5x7 cm2 capsaicin patch applied on the dorsal area of the hand and left in place for 24 hours. Ice will be applied on top of the patch 1.5 hrs post patch application and left in place for 1 hr.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Capsaicin - ice</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Placebo - ice</intervention_name>
    <description>5x7 cm2 patch applied on the dorsal area of the hand and left in place for 24 hours. Ice will be applied on top of the patch 1.5 hrs post patch application and left in place for 1 hr.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Placebo - ice</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Healthy, aged between 18-60 years, right-handed and can speak and understand English.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Lack of ability to cooperate&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Chili allergy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History or present chronic pain or current acute pain&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnancy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Drug addiction defined as the use of cannabis, opioids or other drugs&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Present and previous neurological disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  dementia, stroke, migraine and other headache disorders, multiple sclerosis,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Parkinson's disease, neuroinfections, brain tumors and head trauma.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Present or previous musculoskeletal disorders such as tendonitis, degenerative disc&#xD;
             disease, mechanical back syndrome, and ruptured/herniated disc.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Present or previous mental illnesses such as depression, bipolar disorder, and&#xD;
             schizophrenia.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Current use of medications that may affect the trial (e.g. analgesics, anti-&#xD;
             inflammatories, anti-depressives)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Contraindications to TMS application (history of epilepsy, metal implants in head or&#xD;
             jaw, etc.)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Failure to pass the tDCS screening questionnaire&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Failure to pass the &quot;TASS questionnaire&quot;&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>60 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Priscilla G Wittkopf, PhD</last_name>
    <phone>311539979</phone>
    <email>pgw@hst.aau.dk</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Aalborg University</name>
      <address>
        <city>Aalborg</city>
        <zip>9220</zip>
        <country>Denmark</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Priscilla G Wittkopf, PhD</last_name>
      <phone>+4531539979</phone>
      <email>pgw@hst.aau.dk</email>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Denmark</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Thapa T, Graven-Nielsen T, Chipchase LS, Schabrun SM. Disruption of cortical synaptic homeostasis in individuals with chronic low back pain. Clin Neurophysiol. 2018 May;129(5):1090-1096. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.01.060. Epub 2018 Feb 9.</citation>
    <PMID>29472134</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Thapa T, Schabrun SM. Test-Retest Reliability of Homeostatic Plasticity in the Human Primary Motor Cortex. Neural Plast. 2018 Jun 10;2018:6207508. doi: 10.1155/2018/6207508. eCollection 2018.</citation>
    <PMID>29983706</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Karabanov A, Ziemann U, Hamada M, George MS, Quartarone A, Classen J, Massimini M, Rothwell J, Siebner HR. Consensus Paper: Probing Homeostatic Plasticity of Human Cortex With Non-invasive Transcranial Brain Stimulation. Brain Stimul. 2015 May-Jun;8(3):442-54. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.404. Epub 2015 Apr 1.</citation>
    <PMID>26050599</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Fricke K, Seeber AA, Thirugnanasambandam N, Paulus W, Nitsche MA, Rothwell JC. Time course of the induction of homeostatic plasticity generated by repeated transcranial direct current stimulation of the human motor cortex. J Neurophysiol. 2011 Mar;105(3):1141-9. doi: 10.1152/jn.00608.2009. Epub 2010 Dec 22.</citation>
    <PMID>21177994</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rossini PM, Burke D, Chen R, Cohen LG, Daskalakis Z, Di Iorio R, Di Lazzaro V, Ferreri F, Fitzgerald PB, George MS, Hallett M, Lefaucheur JP, Langguth B, Matsumoto H, Miniussi C, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A, Paulus W, Rossi S, Rothwell JC, Siebner HR, Ugawa Y, Walsh V, Ziemann U. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Jun;126(6):1071-1107. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Feb 10.</citation>
    <PMID>25797650</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>August 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>July 13, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 23, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 24, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 28, 2020</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 28, 2020</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 31, 2020</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Aalborg University</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Priscilla G. Wittkopf</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Principal Investigator</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Capsaicin</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04485689
org study id: N-20190069/2
nct id: NCT04485689
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
People suffering from chronic pain exhibit changes in the way the central nervous system
      processes pain. Some of the changes in the central nervous system are associated with how the
      brain adapts to the process of different stimuli. There are several physiological mechanisms
      that regulates how the brain adapts to changes and one of these mechanisms is called
      homeostatic plasticity (or equilibrium plasticity ). In healthy participants homeostatic
      plasticity mechanisms have been tested and considered normal, whereas in patients with
      chronic conditions, such as low back pain, this mechanism was shown to be dysfunctional.
      However, it is unknown when this difference in the pain system develops. It is possible that
      homeostatic mechanism becomes impaired during early stages of pain. This experiment will
      investigate the effect of capsaicin-induced pain on homeostatic plasticity in healthy
      participants.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of capsaicin-induced pain on homeostatic
      plasticity.

      A randomised crossover design will be used to evaluate the effect of capsaicin-induced pain
      on homeostatic plasticity using cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Each
      participant will take part in four experimental sessions during which homeostatic plasticity
      and corticomotor excitability will be induced and measured in the left primary motor cortex.
      Participants will receive - in randomised order - capsaicin or placebo patch placed on the
      dorsal part of the right hand.

      Each participant will attend four sessions, being two consecutive sessions separated by two
      weeks (i.e. wash-out period). During the experiment, participants will be seated comfortably
      with hands and arms at rest. First, the electromyography electrodes will be placed at the
      right first dorsal interosseous muscle to be used for assessing the corticomotor excitability
      by recordings of motor evoked potentials by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the
      left primary motor cortex. Then, the cap for tDCS on the left primary motor cortex will be
      mounted. The optimal scalp position (hot spot) for TMS stimulation will be identified and
      marked with a pen on the cap for standardisation. A 5 x 7 cm capsaicin/placebo patch will be
      placed on participants' right hand. After 30 minutes of patch application, baseline measures
      of pain and motor-evoked potentials will be taken. Then, the homeostatic plasticity induction
      process will take place followed by motor-evoked potentials recordings every 15 minutes up to
      45 minutes post protocol. Participants will be divided in 2 groups, one group will receive
      ice over the patch as to reduce pain intensity to minimum of 1 in a numeric rating scale; the
      other group will proceed without ice. Homeostatic plasticity will be induced and measured as
      previously described. The patch will be left in place for 24 hours, at which point
      participants will return to the laboratory and homeostatic plasticity will once again be
      induced and measured. After a wash-out period of two weeks, participants will go through an
      identical process but at this time with a different patch.

      Homeostatic plasticity will be induced in the left primary motor cortex using tDCS applied
      for 7 minutes followed by an interval of 3 minutes and another block of 5 minutes of
      stimulation. A constant current of 2mA will be transmitted through the tDCS system, using two
      25 cm2 electrodes placed into holes of a cap over the hot spot and right supraorbital area.

      A sample size calculation was conducted using α of 0.05, β of 0.80 and effect size of 0.29
      based on motor evoked potential (MEP) analysis of previous studies resulting in a target of
      22 participants. To account for differences in designs 24 participants will be included,
      being 12 in each group.

      Data distribution will be assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. A mixed analysis of variance
      (ANOVA) will be conducted on mean MEPs: within factors Intervention (Capsaicin and Placebo),
      Time (baseline, 0 min, 15 min, min, 30 min, 45 min), Time with pain (immediate, post pain
      relief post prolonged pain); and between factor (ice , no ice). A Greenhouse-Geisser
      correction will be used if Mauchly's test shows that sphericity cannot be assumed.
      Adjustments will be made for multiple post-hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.
      Results will be interpreted according to the level of statistical significance p≤0.05.
allocation: Non-Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: This is a within-between subjects comparisons study.
primary purpose: Basic Science
masking: Single (Participant)
measure: Conspiratorial excitability
time frame: [Time Frame: 0 minutes post homeostatic plasticity induction]
description: Corticospinal excitability measured as motor evoked potentials amplitude induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
measure: Conspiratorial excitability
time frame: [Time Frame: 15 minutes post homeostatic plasticity induction]
description: Corticospinal excitability measured as motor evoked potentials amplitude induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
measure: Conspiratorial excitability
time frame: [Time Frame: 30 minutes post homeostatic plasticity induction]
description: Corticospinal excitability measured as motor evoked potentials amplitude induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
measure: Conspiratorial excitability
time frame: [Time Frame: 45 minutes post homeostatic plasticity induction]
description: Corticospinal excitability measured as motor evoked potentials amplitude induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
measure: Pain intensity
time frame: Every 10 minutes post capsaicin application
description: Pain intensity measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale where 0= no pain and 10 = worst imaginable pain.
arm group label: Capsaicin - alone
arm group type: Experimental
description: 5x7 cm2 capsaicin patch
arm group label: Placebo - alone
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: 5x7 cm2 placebo patch alone
arm group label: Capsaicin - ice
arm group type: Experimental
description: 5x7 cm2 capsaicin patch - plus ice
arm group label: Placebo - ice
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: 5x7 cm2 placebo patch - plus ice
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Capsaicin Topical - alone
description: 5x7 cm2 capsaicin patch applied on the dorsal area of the hand and left in place for 24 hours
arm group label: Capsaicin - alone
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Placebo - alone
description: 5x7 cm2 patch applied on the dorsal area of the hand and left in place for 24 hours
arm group label: Placebo - alone
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Capsaicin Topical - ice
description: 5x7 cm2 capsaicin patch applied on the dorsal area of the hand and left in place for 24 hours. Ice will be applied on top of the patch 1.5 hrs post patch application and left in place for 1 hr.
arm group label: Capsaicin - ice
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Placebo - ice
description: 5x7 cm2 patch applied on the dorsal area of the hand and left in place for 24 hours. Ice will be applied on top of the patch 1.5 hrs post patch application and left in place for 1 hr.
arm group label: Placebo - ice
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 60 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Priscilla G Wittkopf, PhD
phone: 311539979
email: pgw@hst.aau.dk
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
country: Denmark
citation: Thapa T, Graven-Nielsen T, Chipchase LS, Schabrun SM. Disruption of cortical synaptic homeostasis in individuals with chronic low back pain. Clin Neurophysiol. 2018 May;129(5):1090-1096. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.01.060. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
PMID: 29472134
citation: Thapa T, Schabrun SM. Test-Retest Reliability of Homeostatic Plasticity in the Human Primary Motor Cortex. Neural Plast. 2018 Jun 10;2018:6207508. doi: 10.1155/2018/6207508. eCollection 2018.
PMID: 29983706
citation: Karabanov A, Ziemann U, Hamada M, George MS, Quartarone A, Classen J, Massimini M, Rothwell J, Siebner HR. Consensus Paper: Probing Homeostatic Plasticity of Human Cortex With Non-invasive Transcranial Brain Stimulation. Brain Stimul. 2015 May-Jun;8(3):442-54. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.404. Epub 2015 Apr 1.
PMID: 26050599
citation: Fricke K, Seeber AA, Thirugnanasambandam N, Paulus W, Nitsche MA, Rothwell JC. Time course of the induction of homeostatic plasticity generated by repeated transcranial direct current stimulation of the human motor cortex. J Neurophysiol. 2011 Mar;105(3):1141-9. doi: 10.1152/jn.00608.2009. Epub 2010 Dec 22.
PMID: 21177994
citation: Rossini PM, Burke D, Chen R, Cohen LG, Daskalakis Z, Di Iorio R, Di Lazzaro V, Ferreri F, Fitzgerald PB, George MS, Hallett M, Lefaucheur JP, Langguth B, Matsumoto H, Miniussi C, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A, Paulus W, Rossi S, Rothwell JC, Siebner HR, Ugawa Y, Walsh V, Ziemann U. Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Jun;126(6):1071-1107. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.001. Epub 2015 Feb 10.
PMID: 25797650
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Aalborg University
investigator full name: Priscilla G. Wittkopf
investigator title: Principal Investigator
mesh term: Capsaicin
sharing ipd: No