<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04459819</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>FTR-COVID</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04459819</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Respiratory Physiotherapy in Severe COVID-19 Patients</brief_title>
  <acronym>FTR-COVID</acronym>
  <official_title>Monocentric, Observational, Retrospective Study on Respiratory Physiotherapy in Severe COVID-19 Patients: the FTR-COVID Study.</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV2 virus. COVID-19 patients can develop a&#xD;
      severe disease that can lead to hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress&#xD;
      syndrome (ARDS). Severe patients can require access to intensive care unit (ICU). Early&#xD;
      rehabilitation is known to be effective in critically ill patients and in ARDS.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The role of respiratory physiotherapy in critical COVID-19 patients is still unclear.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The aim of this study is to describe the bundle and the timing of respiratory physiotherapy&#xD;
      used with severe COVID-19 patients from ICU to hospital discharge. Functional condition of&#xD;
      patients at discharge will be assessed and described.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV2 virus, that first appeared in China in&#xD;
      2019 and in Italy in February 2020.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Approximately 80% of people infected with COVID-19 have mild to moderate disease with few&#xD;
      symptoms, while more than 10% develop a severe disease that can lead to hypoxic respiratory&#xD;
      failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Severe patients can require access to&#xD;
      intensive care unit (ICU) needing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and hospitalization&#xD;
      for a long period.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Early rehabilitation is known to be effective in critically ill patients and in ARDS, to&#xD;
      reduce functional impairment due to the prolonged stay in ICU. Many works demonstrated that&#xD;
      early rehabilitation programs in ICU correlated with faster recovery and discharge at home of&#xD;
      ARDS patients and better outcomes in the walking test at discharge from the hospital.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Due to the recent development of COVID-19, few data and guidelines to menage severe COVID-19&#xD;
      patients are available and the role of respiratory physiotherapy is still unclear.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The aim of this study is to describe the bundle and the timing of respiratory physiotherapy&#xD;
      used with severe COVID-19 patients from ICU to hospital discharge. Functional condition of&#xD;
      patients at discharge will be assessed and described.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">March 1, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">September 30, 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">September 30, 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Case-Only</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Retrospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Number of physiotherapy treatments</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of 60 days</time_frame>
    <description>Total number of physiotherapy treatments performed on patients during hospitalization</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Type of physiotherapy treatments</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of 60 days</time_frame>
    <description>Number of each activity performed on patients among early mobilization, positioning, Uso of non invasive ventilation (NIV) and/or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), oxygen titration, airway clearance.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of the first physiotherapy treatment</measure>
    <time_frame>From patient intubation to first time patient was treated by a physiotherapist; up to 60 days</time_frame>
    <description>Median number of days from patients intubation to the first physiotherapy treatment</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>First time standing</measure>
    <time_frame>From patient intubation to first time standing; up to 60 days</time_frame>
    <description>Median number of days from patients intubation to standing</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>First time walking</measure>
    <time_frame>From patient intubation to first time walking; up to 60 days</time_frame>
    <description>Median number of days from patients intubation to walking</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>First time sitting out of bed</measure>
    <time_frame>From patient intubation to first time sitting out of bed; up to 60 days</time_frame>
    <description>Median number of days from patients intubation to sitting out of bed</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>6 minutes walking test (6MWT)</measure>
    <time_frame>Assessed when patients are discharged from the hospital; up to 60 days</time_frame>
    <description>Median distance (metres) obtained at the 6MWT</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>1 minute sit-to-stand test (1m-STST)</measure>
    <time_frame>Assessed when patients are discharged from the hospital; up to 60 days</time_frame>
    <description>Median number of sit-to-stand repetitions obtained</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Upper extremity muscles strength</measure>
    <time_frame>Assessed at 2 time points, when patients are discharged from ICU and when patients are discharged from the hospital; up to 60 days.</time_frame>
    <description>Median upper extremity muscle strength measured by the Medical Research Council sum score (MRC-SS). The muscle scale grades muscle power on a scale of 0 (no visible muscle contraction) to 5 (active movement against full resistance). The movement tested are wrist flexion, forearm flexion and shoulder abduction.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Lower extremity muscles strength</measure>
    <time_frame>Assessed at 2 time points, when patients are discharged from ICU and when patients are discharged from the hospital; up to 60 days.</time_frame>
    <description>Median lower extremity muscle strength measured by the Medical Research Council sum score (MRC-SS). The muscle scale grades muscle power on a scale of 0 (no visible muscle contraction) to 5 (active movement against full resistance). The movement tested are ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension and hip flexion.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Functional independence in ADL</measure>
    <time_frame>Assessed when the patient is discharged from the hospital; up to 60 days.</time_frame>
    <description>Median score obtained th the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL). The Barthel Index measures functional independence in ADL. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater independence in ADL.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>ICU stay length</measure>
    <time_frame>From ICU admission to ICU discharge; up to 60 days.</time_frame>
    <description>Mean number of days patients stayed in ICU</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Length of hospitalization</measure>
    <time_frame>From hospital admission to hospital discharge; up to 60 days.</time_frame>
    <description>Mean number of days patients stayed at the hospital</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)</measure>
    <time_frame>From first day patient are mechanically ventilated to IMV stop; up to 60 days.</time_frame>
    <description>Mean number of days patients were invasively mechanically ventilated</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Patients returned home</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to 60 days.</time_frame>
    <description>Number of patients that following hospital discharge returned home</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Patients discharged to in-patient rehabilitation</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to 60 days.</time_frame>
    <description>Number of patients that were discharged from acute hospital to in-patient rehabilitation</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Patients transferred to other hospitals</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to 60 days.</time_frame>
    <description>Number of patients that following hospital discharge were transferred to other hospitals</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Exitus</measure>
    <time_frame>From ICU admission until date of death from any cause, assessed up to 60 days.</time_frame>
    <description>Number of patients that died from any cause during hospitalization</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <enrollment type="Actual">84</enrollment>
  <condition>COVID-19</condition>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Respiratory physiotherapy</intervention_name>
    <description>Respiratory physiotherapy consists of:&#xD;
early mobilization (passive and active mobilization, muscle-strengthening exercises, mobilization out of bed, standing, walking, ADL)&#xD;
patients positioning&#xD;
non-invasive mechanical ventilation / CPAP&#xD;
tracheostomy management&#xD;
invasive mechanical ventilation weaning&#xD;
airway clearance&#xD;
oxygen titration</description>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        Investigators will study patients accessing acute hospital ICU with hypoxemic acute&#xD;
        respiratory failure (hARF) due to laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia form March 1st to&#xD;
        May 1st, that were treated by respiratory physiotherapists during the whole hospitalization&#xD;
        period.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Having laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Developed hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (hARF) requiring access to ICU&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Treated by respiratory physiotherapists during the hospitalization period&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Previously documented neurological or neuromuscular diseases&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Passed over 1 month in bed before COVID-19 diagnosis&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Documented cognitive impairment (mini mental state examination &lt;24)&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>80 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Emilia Privitera, MSC</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico</name>
      <address>
        <city>Milan</city>
        <zip>20122</zip>
        <country>Italy</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Italy</country>
  </location_countries>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. Epub 2020 Jan 24. Erratum In: Lancet. 2020 Jan 30;:</citation>
    <PMID>31986264</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Morris PE, Goad A, Thompson C, Taylor K, Harry B, Passmore L, Ross A, Anderson L, Baker S, Sanchez M, Penley L, Howard A, Dixon L, Leach S, Small R, Hite RD, Haponik E. Early intensive care unit mobility therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 2008 Aug;36(8):2238-43. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318180b90e.</citation>
    <PMID>18596631</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ, Esbrook CL, Spears L, Miller M, Franczyk M, Deprizio D, Schmidt GA, Bowman A, Barr R, McCallister KE, Hall JB, Kress JP. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 May 30;373(9678):1874-82. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60658-9. Epub 2009 May 14.</citation>
    <PMID>19446324</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Kim RY, Murphy TE, Doyle M, Pulaski C, Singh M, Tsang S, Wicker D, Pisani MA, Connors GR, Ferrante LE. Factors Associated With Discharge Home Among Medical ICU Patients in an Early Mobilization Program. Crit Care Explor. 2019 Nov 11;1(11):e0060. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000060. eCollection 2019 Nov.</citation>
    <PMID>32166241</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Lazzeri M, Lanza A, Bellini R, Bellofiore A, Cecchetto S, Colombo A, D'Abrosca F, Del Monaco C, Gaudiello G, Paneroni M, Privitera E, Retucci M, Rossi V, Santambrogio M, Sommariva M, Frigerio P. Respiratory physiotherapy in patients with COVID-19 infection in acute setting: a Position Paper of the Italian Association of Respiratory Physiotherapists (ARIR). Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2020 Mar 26;90(1). doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1285.</citation>
    <PMID>32236089</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>August 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 27, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 3, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 7, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>February 15, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>February 15, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">February 16, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>ICU</keyword>
  <keyword>Respiratory Physiotherapy</keyword>
  <keyword>Early Rehabilitation</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>COVID-19</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04459819
org study id: FTR-COVID
nct id: NCT04459819
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV2 virus. COVID-19 patients can develop a
      severe disease that can lead to hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress
      syndrome (ARDS). Severe patients can require access to intensive care unit (ICU). Early
      rehabilitation is known to be effective in critically ill patients and in ARDS.

      The role of respiratory physiotherapy in critical COVID-19 patients is still unclear.

      The aim of this study is to describe the bundle and the timing of respiratory physiotherapy
      used with severe COVID-19 patients from ICU to hospital discharge. Functional condition of
      patients at discharge will be assessed and described.
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV2 virus, that first appeared in China in
      2019 and in Italy in February 2020.

      Approximately 80% of people infected with COVID-19 have mild to moderate disease with few
      symptoms, while more than 10% develop a severe disease that can lead to hypoxic respiratory
      failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Severe patients can require access to
      intensive care unit (ICU) needing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and hospitalization
      for a long period.

      Early rehabilitation is known to be effective in critically ill patients and in ARDS, to
      reduce functional impairment due to the prolonged stay in ICU. Many works demonstrated that
      early rehabilitation programs in ICU correlated with faster recovery and discharge at home of
      ARDS patients and better outcomes in the walking test at discharge from the hospital.

      Due to the recent development of COVID-19, few data and guidelines to menage severe COVID-19
      patients are available and the role of respiratory physiotherapy is still unclear.

      The aim of this study is to describe the bundle and the timing of respiratory physiotherapy
      used with severe COVID-19 patients from ICU to hospital discharge. Functional condition of
      patients at discharge will be assessed and described.
observational model: Case-Only
time perspective: Retrospective
measure: Number of physiotherapy treatments
time frame: Through study completion, an average of 60 days
description: Total number of physiotherapy treatments performed on patients during hospitalization
measure: Type of physiotherapy treatments
time frame: Through study completion, an average of 60 days
description: Number of each activity performed on patients among early mobilization, positioning, Uso of non invasive ventilation (NIV) and/or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), oxygen titration, airway clearance.
measure: Time of the first physiotherapy treatment
time frame: From patient intubation to first time patient was treated by a physiotherapist; up to 60 days
description: Median number of days from patients intubation to the first physiotherapy treatment
measure: First time standing
time frame: From patient intubation to first time standing; up to 60 days
description: Median number of days from patients intubation to standing
measure: First time walking
time frame: From patient intubation to first time walking; up to 60 days
description: Median number of days from patients intubation to walking
measure: First time sitting out of bed
time frame: From patient intubation to first time sitting out of bed; up to 60 days
description: Median number of days from patients intubation to sitting out of bed
measure: 6 minutes walking test (6MWT)
time frame: Assessed when patients are discharged from the hospital; up to 60 days
description: Median distance (metres) obtained at the 6MWT
measure: 1 minute sit-to-stand test (1m-STST)
time frame: Assessed when patients are discharged from the hospital; up to 60 days
description: Median number of sit-to-stand repetitions obtained
measure: Upper extremity muscles strength
time frame: Assessed at 2 time points, when patients are discharged from ICU and when patients are discharged from the hospital; up to 60 days.
description: Median upper extremity muscle strength measured by the Medical Research Council sum score (MRC-SS). The muscle scale grades muscle power on a scale of 0 (no visible muscle contraction) to 5 (active movement against full resistance). The movement tested are wrist flexion, forearm flexion and shoulder abduction.
measure: Lower extremity muscles strength
time frame: Assessed at 2 time points, when patients are discharged from ICU and when patients are discharged from the hospital; up to 60 days.
description: Median lower extremity muscle strength measured by the Medical Research Council sum score (MRC-SS). The muscle scale grades muscle power on a scale of 0 (no visible muscle contraction) to 5 (active movement against full resistance). The movement tested are ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension and hip flexion.
measure: Functional independence in ADL
time frame: Assessed when the patient is discharged from the hospital; up to 60 days.
description: Median score obtained th the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL). The Barthel Index measures functional independence in ADL. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater independence in ADL.
measure: ICU stay length
time frame: From ICU admission to ICU discharge; up to 60 days.
description: Mean number of days patients stayed in ICU
measure: Length of hospitalization
time frame: From hospital admission to hospital discharge; up to 60 days.
description: Mean number of days patients stayed at the hospital
measure: Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)
time frame: From first day patient are mechanically ventilated to IMV stop; up to 60 days.
description: Mean number of days patients were invasively mechanically ventilated
measure: Patients returned home
time frame: Up to 60 days.
description: Number of patients that following hospital discharge returned home
measure: Patients discharged to in-patient rehabilitation
time frame: Up to 60 days.
description: Number of patients that were discharged from acute hospital to in-patient rehabilitation
measure: Patients transferred to other hospitals
time frame: Up to 60 days.
description: Number of patients that following hospital discharge were transferred to other hospitals
measure: Exitus
time frame: From ICU admission until date of death from any cause, assessed up to 60 days.
description: Number of patients that died from any cause during hospitalization
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Respiratory physiotherapy
description: Respiratory physiotherapy consists of:
early mobilization (passive and active mobilization, muscle-strengthening exercises, mobilization out of bed, standing, walking, ADL)
patients positioning
non-invasive mechanical ventilation / CPAP
tracheostomy management
invasive mechanical ventilation weaning
airway clearance
oxygen titration
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 80 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Emilia Privitera, MSC
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
facility: 
country: Italy
citation: Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. Epub 2020 Jan 24. Erratum In: Lancet. 2020 Jan 30;:
PMID: 31986264
citation: Morris PE, Goad A, Thompson C, Taylor K, Harry B, Passmore L, Ross A, Anderson L, Baker S, Sanchez M, Penley L, Howard A, Dixon L, Leach S, Small R, Hite RD, Haponik E. Early intensive care unit mobility therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 2008 Aug;36(8):2238-43. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318180b90e.
PMID: 18596631
citation: Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ, Esbrook CL, Spears L, Miller M, Franczyk M, Deprizio D, Schmidt GA, Bowman A, Barr R, McCallister KE, Hall JB, Kress JP. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 May 30;373(9678):1874-82. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60658-9. Epub 2009 May 14.
PMID: 19446324
citation: Kim RY, Murphy TE, Doyle M, Pulaski C, Singh M, Tsang S, Wicker D, Pisani MA, Connors GR, Ferrante LE. Factors Associated With Discharge Home Among Medical ICU Patients in an Early Mobilization Program. Crit Care Explor. 2019 Nov 11;1(11):e0060. doi: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000060. eCollection 2019 Nov.
PMID: 32166241
citation: Lazzeri M, Lanza A, Bellini R, Bellofiore A, Cecchetto S, Colombo A, D'Abrosca F, Del Monaco C, Gaudiello G, Paneroni M, Privitera E, Retucci M, Rossi V, Santambrogio M, Sommariva M, Frigerio P. Respiratory physiotherapy in patients with COVID-19 infection in acute setting: a Position Paper of the Italian Association of Respiratory Physiotherapists (ARIR). Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2020 Mar 26;90(1). doi: 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1285.
PMID: 32236089
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: COVID-19
sharing ipd: No