<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04412486</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>2020-0137</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04412486</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) Transfusion</brief_title>
  <official_title>An Open Label Trial of Transfusion of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) to Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Gailen D. Marshall Jr., MD PhD</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University of Mississippi Medical Center</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Mississippi Medical Center</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>Yes</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This research study evaluates the safety and effectiveness for the use of convalescent plasma&#xD;
      transfusion as a treatment option for novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19).&#xD;
      Donors who have recovered from COVID-19 with high antibody levels to the CoV-2 virus will&#xD;
      donate plasma at a Mississippi Blood Services facility. Recipients with COIVD-19 who have&#xD;
      severe or life threatening conditions will receive plasma from those persons who have&#xD;
      recovered from COVID-19.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The research purpose is to evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of transfusing one&#xD;
      unit of banked plasma obtained from patients who have recovered from the novel coronavirus&#xD;
      SARS-C0V-2 infection with high titers of IgG antibody to this virus transfused into patients&#xD;
      with severe or at high risk of progressing to severe coronavirus-induced disease (COVID-19).&#xD;
&#xD;
      The research hypothesis is that COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) transfusion improves&#xD;
      outcomes in patients with COVID-19.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The use of CCP to treat serious and life threatening COVID-19 has a sound biological as well&#xD;
      as clinical rationale to provide virus-specific immune protection in patients unable to&#xD;
      produce and/or maintain antiviral antibodies. This treatment protocol is designed primarily&#xD;
      to offer a rescue therapy in patients with severe and life threatening disease and explore&#xD;
      use in patients for whom a progression to serious disease is likely. Examining the specific&#xD;
      antibody responses to the virus in transfused patients if/when they show signs of recovery&#xD;
      and comparing these values with those obtained before the transfusion may provide information&#xD;
      to design more extensive trials aimed at identifying the best patient population for future&#xD;
      use of CCP.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 1, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">May 31, 2022</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">May 31, 2022</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>Early Phase 1</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>N/A</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Single Group Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in PaO2/FiO2 after CCP transfusion.</measure>
    <time_frame>3 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Change in pre-transfusion respiratory status compared to Day 3 respiratory status measured by PaO2/FiO2.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in pulse oximetry status after CCP transfusion.</measure>
    <time_frame>3 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Change in pre-transfusion respiratory status compared to Day 3 respiratory status measured by pulse oximetry.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in aO2 after CCP transfusion.</measure>
    <time_frame>3 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Change in pre-transfusion respiratory status compared to Day 3 respiratory status measured by aO2.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in respiratory rate after CCP transfusion.</measure>
    <time_frame>3 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Change in pre-transfusion respiratory status compared to Day 3 respiratory status measured by respiratory rate.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in intubation status after CCP transfusion.</measure>
    <time_frame>3 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Change in pre-transfusion respiratory status compared to Day 3 respiratory status measured by intubation status.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA).</measure>
    <time_frame>Days 1, 3, 7, and 28</time_frame>
    <description>Change in SOFA score pre-transfusion to Days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-transfusion.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in 8-point ordinal clinical deterioration scale.</measure>
    <time_frame>Days 1, 3, 7, and 28</time_frame>
    <description>Change in 8-point ordinal clinical deterioration scale pre-transfusion to Days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-transfusion. The 8-point ordinal scale measured by: 8-death, 7-ventilation in addition to ECMO, CRRT and/or vasopressor; 6-intubation and mechanical ventilation; 5-non-invasive mechanical ventilation or high flow oxygen 4- supplemental oxygen by mask or nasal cannula; 3- hospitalization without supplemental oxygen; 2- limitation of activities and 1- no limitation of activities, discharge from hospital.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Length of ICU/hospital stay.</measure>
    <time_frame>Days 1, 3, 7, and 28</time_frame>
    <description>Total length of stay in ICU/hospital.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Development of plasma transfusion reactions.</measure>
    <time_frame>Days 1, 3, 7, and 28</time_frame>
    <description>Presence of any signs or symptoms of plasma transfusion reactions at Days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-transfusion.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Development of immune complex disorders.</measure>
    <time_frame>Days 1, 3, 7, and 28</time_frame>
    <description>Presence of any signs or symptoms of immune complex disorders (fever spike, urticarial lesion, arthralgias, myalgias, hematuria, non IgE-mediated anaphylaxis) at Days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-transfusion.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in anti CoV-2 IgM and IgG levels.</measure>
    <time_frame>Days 1, 3, 7, and 28</time_frame>
    <description>Change in anti CoV-2 IgM and IgG levels pre-transfusion compared to levels on Days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-transfusion.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>1</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">100</enrollment>
  <condition>COVID-19</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Recipient of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) Transfusion</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma to participants with serious or life threatening complications from COVID-19 or are at high risk to develop serious complications.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Biological</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>COVID Convalescent Plasma</intervention_name>
    <description>One unit of COVID Convalescent Plasma transfused on Day 0</description>
    <arm_group_label>Recipient of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) Transfusion</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>CCP, COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. Age ≥ 18&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. Clinician judged serious or life threatening COVID-19 (or at significant risk to&#xD;
             develop serious COVID) manifested by at least one of the following:&#xD;
&#xD;
               1. Laboratory confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection&#xD;
&#xD;
               2. Hypoxia (PaO2/FiO2 &lt;300, Pulse oximetry &lt;93% at rest&#xD;
&#xD;
               3. Evidence of pulmonary infiltration&#xD;
&#xD;
               4. Respiratory failure&#xD;
&#xD;
               5. Sepsis&#xD;
&#xD;
               6. Multiple organ dysfunction or failure (assessed by SOFA score)&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. Informed consent provided by the patient or legally authorized representative (LAR)&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. Greater than 21 days from confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. Receipt of pooled immunoglobulin transfusion in previous 28 days&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. History of prior reaction to transfused blood products&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. Currently enrolled in other drug trials that preclude investigational treatment with&#xD;
             CoV-2 convalescent plasma transfusion&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Gailen D Marshall, Jr., MD, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>University of Mississippi Medical Center</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Gailen D Marshall, Jr., MD, PhD</last_name>
    <phone>601-815-5527</phone>
    <email>gmarshall@umc.edu</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>University of Mississippi Medical Center</name>
      <address>
        <city>Jackson</city>
        <state>Mississippi</state>
        <zip>39216</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Gailen D Marshall, Jr., MD, PhD</last_name>
      <phone>601-815-5527</phone>
      <email>gmarshall@umc.edu</email>
    </contact>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Gailen D Marshall, Jr., MD, PhD</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Utsav Nandi, MD</last_name>
      <role>Sub-Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Lucar Lloveras, MD</last_name>
      <role>Sub-Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Vishnu Garla, MD</last_name>
      <role>Sub-Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <link>
    <url>https://umc.edu/clinicaltrials/default.aspx?trialid=10191</url>
    <description>Clinical Trials at UMMC - CCP Transfusion Study</description>
  </link>
  <reference>
    <citation>Syal K. COVID-19: Herd immunity and convalescent plasma transfer therapy. J Med Virol. 2020 Sep;92(9):1380-1382. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25870. Epub 2020 Jul 11. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>32281679</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Xu Z, Li S, Tian S, Li H, Kong LQ. Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted. Lancet. 2020 Mar 21;395(10228):947-948. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30308-1. Epub 2020 Feb 14. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>32066525</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Luke TC, Kilbane EM, Jackson JL, Hoffman SL. Meta-analysis: convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: a future H5N1 treatment? Ann Intern Med. 2006 Oct 17;145(8):599-609. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-145-8-200610170-00139. Epub 2006 Aug 29.</citation>
    <PMID>16940336</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wong SS, Yuen KY. The management of coronavirus infections with particular reference to SARS. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Sep;62(3):437-41. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkn243. Epub 2008 Jun 18.</citation>
    <PMID>18565970</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mo Y, Fisher D. A review of treatment modalities for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Dec;71(12):3340-3350. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw338. Epub 2016 Sep 1.</citation>
    <PMID>27585965</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>van Griensven J, Edwards T, de Lamballerie X, Semple MG, Gallian P, Baize S, Horby PW, Raoul H, Magassouba N, Antierens A, Lomas C, Faye O, Sall AA, Fransen K, Buyze J, Ravinetto R, Tiberghien P, Claeys Y, De Crop M, Lynen L, Bah EI, Smith PG, Delamou A, De Weggheleire A, Haba N; Ebola-Tx Consortium. Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma for Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 7;374(1):33-42. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1511812.</citation>
    <PMID>26735992</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the ;Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19. J Infect. 2020 Jun;80(6):607-613. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037. Epub 2020 Apr 10.</citation>
    <PMID>32283152</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jiang S, Hillyer C, Du L. Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses. Trends Immunol. 2020 May;41(5):355-359. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.007. Epub 2020 Apr 2. Erratum In: Trends Immunol. 2020 Apr 24;:</citation>
    <PMID>32249063</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>November 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>May 28, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>May 29, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">June 2, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>November 30, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>November 30, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">December 1, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor-Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University of Mississippi Medical Center</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Gailen D. Marshall Jr., MD PhD</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Vice Chair for Research, Department of Medicine; Director, Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma</keyword>
  <keyword>Coronavirus</keyword>
  <keyword>SARS-CoV-2</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>COVID-19</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04412486
org study id: 2020-0137
nct id: NCT04412486
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: Yes
is fda regulated device: No
This research study evaluates the safety and effectiveness for the use of convalescent plasma
      transfusion as a treatment option for novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19).
      Donors who have recovered from COVID-19 with high antibody levels to the CoV-2 virus will
      donate plasma at a Mississippi Blood Services facility. Recipients with COIVD-19 who have
      severe or life threatening conditions will receive plasma from those persons who have
      recovered from COVID-19.
The research purpose is to evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of transfusing one
      unit of banked plasma obtained from patients who have recovered from the novel coronavirus
      SARS-C0V-2 infection with high titers of IgG antibody to this virus transfused into patients
      with severe or at high risk of progressing to severe coronavirus-induced disease (COVID-19).

      The research hypothesis is that COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) transfusion improves
      outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

      The use of CCP to treat serious and life threatening COVID-19 has a sound biological as well
      as clinical rationale to provide virus-specific immune protection in patients unable to
      produce and/or maintain antiviral antibodies. This treatment protocol is designed primarily
      to offer a rescue therapy in patients with severe and life threatening disease and explore
      use in patients for whom a progression to serious disease is likely. Examining the specific
      antibody responses to the virus in transfused patients if/when they show signs of recovery
      and comparing these values with those obtained before the transfusion may provide information
      to design more extensive trials aimed at identifying the best patient population for future
      use of CCP.
allocation: N/A
intervention model: Single Group Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Change in PaO2/FiO2 after CCP transfusion.
time frame: 3 Days
description: Change in pre-transfusion respiratory status compared to Day 3 respiratory status measured by PaO2/FiO2.
measure: Change in pulse oximetry status after CCP transfusion.
time frame: 3 Days
description: Change in pre-transfusion respiratory status compared to Day 3 respiratory status measured by pulse oximetry.
measure: Change in aO2 after CCP transfusion.
time frame: 3 Days
description: Change in pre-transfusion respiratory status compared to Day 3 respiratory status measured by aO2.
measure: Change in respiratory rate after CCP transfusion.
time frame: 3 Days
description: Change in pre-transfusion respiratory status compared to Day 3 respiratory status measured by respiratory rate.
measure: Change in intubation status after CCP transfusion.
time frame: 3 Days
description: Change in pre-transfusion respiratory status compared to Day 3 respiratory status measured by intubation status.
measure: Change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA).
time frame: Days 1, 3, 7, and 28
description: Change in SOFA score pre-transfusion to Days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-transfusion.
measure: Change in 8-point ordinal clinical deterioration scale.
time frame: Days 1, 3, 7, and 28
description: Change in 8-point ordinal clinical deterioration scale pre-transfusion to Days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-transfusion. The 8-point ordinal scale measured by: 8-death, 7-ventilation in addition to ECMO, CRRT and/or vasopressor; 6-intubation and mechanical ventilation; 5-non-invasive mechanical ventilation or high flow oxygen 4- supplemental oxygen by mask or nasal cannula; 3- hospitalization without supplemental oxygen; 2- limitation of activities and 1- no limitation of activities, discharge from hospital.
measure: Length of ICU/hospital stay.
time frame: Days 1, 3, 7, and 28
description: Total length of stay in ICU/hospital.
measure: Development of plasma transfusion reactions.
time frame: Days 1, 3, 7, and 28
description: Presence of any signs or symptoms of plasma transfusion reactions at Days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-transfusion.
measure: Development of immune complex disorders.
time frame: Days 1, 3, 7, and 28
description: Presence of any signs or symptoms of immune complex disorders (fever spike, urticarial lesion, arthralgias, myalgias, hematuria, non IgE-mediated anaphylaxis) at Days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-transfusion.
measure: Change in anti CoV-2 IgM and IgG levels.
time frame: Days 1, 3, 7, and 28
description: Change in anti CoV-2 IgM and IgG levels pre-transfusion compared to levels on Days 1, 3, 7, and 28 post-transfusion.
arm group label: Recipient of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) Transfusion
arm group type: Experimental
description: Transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma to participants with serious or life threatening complications from COVID-19 or are at high risk to develop serious complications.
intervention type: Biological
intervention name: COVID Convalescent Plasma
description: One unit of COVID Convalescent Plasma transfused on Day 0
arm group label: Recipient of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) Transfusion
other name: CCP, COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Gailen D Marshall, Jr., MD, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: University of Mississippi Medical Center
last name: Gailen D Marshall, Jr., MD, PhD
phone: 601-815-5527
email: gmarshall@umc.edu
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
investigator: 
investigator: 
investigator: 
investigator: 
country: United States
url: https://umc.edu/clinicaltrials/default.aspx?trialid=10191
description: Clinical Trials at UMMC - CCP Transfusion Study
citation: Syal K. COVID-19: Herd immunity and convalescent plasma transfer therapy. J Med Virol. 2020 Sep;92(9):1380-1382. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25870. Epub 2020 Jul 11. No abstract available.
PMID: 32281679
citation: Xu Z, Li S, Tian S, Li H, Kong LQ. Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted. Lancet. 2020 Mar 21;395(10228):947-948. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30308-1. Epub 2020 Feb 14. No abstract available.
PMID: 32066525
citation: Luke TC, Kilbane EM, Jackson JL, Hoffman SL. Meta-analysis: convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: a future H5N1 treatment? Ann Intern Med. 2006 Oct 17;145(8):599-609. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-145-8-200610170-00139. Epub 2006 Aug 29.
PMID: 16940336
citation: Wong SS, Yuen KY. The management of coronavirus infections with particular reference to SARS. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008 Sep;62(3):437-41. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkn243. Epub 2008 Jun 18.
PMID: 18565970
citation: Mo Y, Fisher D. A review of treatment modalities for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Dec;71(12):3340-3350. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw338. Epub 2016 Sep 1.
PMID: 27585965
citation: van Griensven J, Edwards T, de Lamballerie X, Semple MG, Gallian P, Baize S, Horby PW, Raoul H, Magassouba N, Antierens A, Lomas C, Faye O, Sall AA, Fransen K, Buyze J, Ravinetto R, Tiberghien P, Claeys Y, De Crop M, Lynen L, Bah EI, Smith PG, Delamou A, De Weggheleire A, Haba N; Ebola-Tx Consortium. Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma for Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 7;374(1):33-42. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1511812.
PMID: 26735992
citation: Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the ;Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19. J Infect. 2020 Jun;80(6):607-613. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
PMID: 32283152
citation: Jiang S, Hillyer C, Du L. Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses. Trends Immunol. 2020 May;41(5):355-359. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.007. Epub 2020 Apr 2. Erratum In: Trends Immunol. 2020 Apr 24;:
PMID: 32249063
responsible party type: Sponsor-Investigator
investigator affiliation: University of Mississippi Medical Center
investigator full name: Gailen D. Marshall Jr., MD PhD
investigator title: Vice Chair for Research, Department of Medicine; Director, Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology
mesh term: COVID-19
sharing ipd: No