<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04467385</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>REC/00557 Sannia Batool</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04467385</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Virtual Reality Training With Sensory Integration On The Gross Motor Functions Of Lower Limb</brief_title>
  <official_title>Effects Of Virtual Reality Training With Sensory Integration On The Gross Motor Functions Of Lower Limb In Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy.</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Riphah International University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Riphah International University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The objectives of this study are To determine the effect of virtual reality on balance and&#xD;
      gross motor functions of the lower limb in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. To determine the&#xD;
      effect of virtual reality with sensory input on balance and gross motor functions of the&#xD;
      lower limb in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. To compare the effects of virtual reality&#xD;
      training with and without sensory input on balance and gross motor functions of the lower&#xD;
      limb in spastic diplegic CP. Its is a Randomized control trial (RCT) done at Physiotherapy&#xD;
      department of Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi and National Institute of rehabilitation&#xD;
      Medicine.44 individuals (calculated using epi tool) 22 individuals in each group. Individuals&#xD;
      who met the inclusion criteria will be included in this study. All participants will go&#xD;
      through randomization and divided into two groups Experimental and Control groups.&#xD;
      Pre-intervention assessment is made for both groups. Then intervention will be applied to&#xD;
      both groups. estimated time of treatment protocol will be 40 min/day, 1 time / d, 3&#xD;
      times/week for 6 weeks. Subjects will be evaluated at baseline, then 3rd week and 6th-week&#xD;
      assessment will be the final&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Cerebral Palsy(CP) is a common non-progressive disorder that occurs due to any injury or&#xD;
      aberration to the developing central nervous system. It refers to the disorders that stem&#xD;
      from primary brain lesion leading to musculoskeletal and nervous abnormalities in the&#xD;
      pediatric population. Cerebral palsy has a global incidence of 1-3.5 cases per 1000 live&#xD;
      births. The most prevalent type is spastic diplegia which occurs in 30-40% of spastic&#xD;
      cerebral palsy. According to motor impairment, it is classified into spastic, dyskinetic and&#xD;
      ataxic cerebral palsy. The children with cerebral palsy have very poor control of voluntary&#xD;
      muscle activity. Therefore training of selective motor control in children with cerebral&#xD;
      palsy is an important part of physiotherapy intervention. Children are often not amenable to&#xD;
      the conventional exercise program but studies have demonstrated that children show high&#xD;
      interest and stimulation to virtual reality training. Virtual reality is a virtual&#xD;
      environment system that enables a person to witness situations and actions similar to&#xD;
      real-life. Therapists use Virtual reality systems to create a fascinating environment to gain&#xD;
      targeted therapeutic goals. Sensory integration, on the other hand, is a therapeutic approach&#xD;
      that involves active therapy and activities involving graded sensory experiences. It provides&#xD;
      keen proprioceptive and tactile experiences. Sensory integration therapy usually involves&#xD;
      balls, rolls, hammock, trampolines and altering surfaces. Children with spastic diplegia have&#xD;
      gross and fine motor, sensory, cognitive impairments. This results in reduced ability to&#xD;
      adjust the body and balance it with movements. Postural control demands active sensorimotor&#xD;
      control. Exercise with mini-trampoline is designed for balance training to improve static and&#xD;
      dynamic balance and postural adjustment in children with spastic diplegia. According to a&#xD;
      study in 2016, Virtual reality training can effectively improve the gross motor function of&#xD;
      the lower limbs in children with spastic diplegia in comparison to conventional therapy. As&#xD;
      claimed by a study in, 2006 VR training in combination with conventional exercise therapy in&#xD;
      spastic CP improves exercise compliance and enhance exercise effectiveness. It is a simple&#xD;
      and executable approach which can be used by any skilled therapist as an independent&#xD;
      treatment method to improve the outcome.&#xD;
&#xD;
      According to a study, sensory integration therapy had a measurable effect in children with&#xD;
      spastic diplegic cerebral palsy who suffer from a sensory-motor deficit. A study observed the&#xD;
      effects of sensory integration therapy in children with cerebral palsy and concluded that&#xD;
      sensory integration therapy has a positive effect on gross motor function in spastic diplegic&#xD;
      CP in sitting and standing positions. Whereas, the control group with only home exercise&#xD;
      program showed no significant improvement.In 2018 compared the effects of rebound exercises&#xD;
      and simple balance training on balance of spastic diplegic children. The assessments&#xD;
      suggested that balance was improved in both groups but the group under study showed a&#xD;
      significant difference and concluded that rebound exercises improve the balance and postural&#xD;
      control. The past research records are evident that therapists have worked with either&#xD;
      Virtual reality training or Sensory integration therapy for the rehabilitation of Spastic&#xD;
      Diplegic children. The two protocols have not been complimented for rehabilitation. So the&#xD;
      aim of this study is to observe and determine the combined effect of these two treatment&#xD;
      protocols to get the results and improve the gross motor function in lower limbs of CP&#xD;
      children.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 15, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">January 15, 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 15, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS):</measure>
    <time_frame>Changes from baseline to 6th month</time_frame>
    <description>Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) is a modification of Berg Balance Scale was developed as a balance measure for children with mild to moderate motor impairments.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88)</measure>
    <time_frame>Changes from baseline to 6th month</time_frame>
    <description>Its an 88-item tool for assessing and measuring changes in gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. It's a four pint scale from 0-3 that indicates the grading of a specified task and the tool is further divided into five categories.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>2 min walk Test (2MWT)</measure>
    <time_frame>Changes from baseline to 6th month</time_frame>
    <description>The Two/2 Minute Walk Test (2 MWT) is a measure of self-paced walking ability and functional capacity. The 2 MWT is a simple measure of the distance a person can walk in two minutes. Rest breaks are allowed if needed. The person is encouraged to walk as fast as they can, safely, for two minutes. Walking aids can be used as needed.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">44</enrollment>
  <condition>Cerebral Palsy Spastic Diplegia</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Experimental Group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Virtual Reality training(VR) + Sensory Integration therapy + conventional therapy</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control Group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>VR training + conventional therapy</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>VR training + Sensory Integration therapy + conventional therapy</intervention_name>
    <description>After the baseline assessment,&#xD;
Coconut ShootersVR - 5 min/day&#xD;
Ninja flipVR - 5 min/day.&#xD;
Sensory integration training include Exercises on BOSU ball and mini-trampoline. It will involve:&#xD;
Passive bouncing with child standing with his/her feet shoulder width apart for 2.5 and 2.5 minutes on both.&#xD;
Active bouncing (the child bounces and therapist will control the rate) for 2.5 and 2.5 minutes on both.&#xD;
Mini-squat exercises with feet apart and feet together for 2.5 and 2.5 minutes on both.&#xD;
Conventional exercises include:&#xD;
passive stretching exercises for the hip flexors, hip adductors, hamstring, and calf muscle; stretching will be applied for 30 sec with 30 sec rest for each muscle group within pain limit.&#xD;
Strengthening of abdominal and back muscles, hip abductions and knee joint extensors and ankle dorsiflexors will be performed.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Experimental Group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>VR training + conventional therapy</intervention_name>
    <description>After the baseline assessment,&#xD;
The Your Shape: Fitness Evolved 2012TM game is selected for VR training (walking and walking with obstacles) for 8 min&#xD;
Coconut ShootersVR - 8 min/day&#xD;
Ninja flipVR - 8 min/day&#xD;
Conventional Therapy - 20 min per day&#xD;
Passive stretching exercises for the hip flexors, hip adductors, hamstring, and calf muscle; stretching will be applied for 30 sec with 30 sec rest 3-5 times for each muscle group within pain limit.&#xD;
Strengthening of abdominal and back muscles, hip abductions and knee joint extensors and ankle dorsiflexors will be performed.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Control Group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Diplegic CP children aged 5-12 years&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Gross motor function classification system System (GMFCS) I - II&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Children can be independent Walking distance &gt;5 meters&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Spasticity of lower limb &lt; 3 ..&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  A child able to understand command and can play VR games.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Any Bone and joint diseases&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Epilepsy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Mental illness&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Mental retardation etc. cannot be matched with the completion of the experiment.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Any history of taking anticonvulsant drugs or muscle relaxants.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>5 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>12 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Aruba Saeed, PHD*</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Riphah International University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Riphah International University</name>
      <address>
        <city>Islamabad</city>
        <state>Federal</state>
        <zip>44000</zip>
        <country>Pakistan</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Pakistan</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bumin G, Kayihan H. Effectiveness of two different sensory-integration programmes for children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil. 2001 Jun 15;23(9):394-9. doi: 10.1080/09638280010008843.</citation>
    <PMID>11394590</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lazzari RD, Politti F, Santos CA, Dumont AJ, Rezende FL, Grecco LA, Braun Ferreira LA, Oliveira CS. Effect of a single session of transcranial direct-current stimulation combined with virtual reality training on the balance of children with cerebral palsy: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Mar;27(3):763-8. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.763. Epub 2015 Mar 31.</citation>
    <PMID>25931726</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bulekbayeva S, Daribayev Z, Ospanova S, Vento S. Cerebral palsy: a multidisciplinary, integrated approach is essential. Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Apr;5(4):e401. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30082-7. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>28288745</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bryanton C, Bosse J, Brien M, McLean J, McCormick A, Sveistrup H. Feasibility, motivation, and selective motor control: virtual reality compared to conventional home exercise in children with cerebral palsy. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006 Apr;9(2):123-8. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.123.</citation>
    <PMID>16640463</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Snider L, Majnemer A, Darsaklis V. Virtual reality as a therapeutic modality for children with cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil. 2010;13(2):120-8. doi: 10.3109/17518420903357753.</citation>
    <PMID>20222773</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Galli M, Cimolin V, Pau M, Leban B, Brunner R, Albertini G. Foot pressure distribution in children with cerebral palsy while standing. Res Dev Disabil. 2015 Jun-Jul;41-42:52-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.05.006. Epub 2015 Jun 6.</citation>
    <PMID>26057837</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ren K, Gong XM, Zhang R, Chen XH. [Effects of virtual reality training on limb movement in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2016 Oct;18(10):975-979. doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.10.011. Chinese.</citation>
    <PMID>27751214</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>July 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>March 18, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 8, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 13, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>July 8, 2020</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>July 8, 2020</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">July 13, 2020</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Virtual Reality</keyword>
  <keyword>Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy</keyword>
  <keyword>Sensory Integration</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Muscle Spasticity</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Cerebral Palsy</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04467385
org study id: REC/00557 Sannia Batool
nct id: NCT04467385
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The objectives of this study are To determine the effect of virtual reality on balance and
      gross motor functions of the lower limb in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. To determine the
      effect of virtual reality with sensory input on balance and gross motor functions of the
      lower limb in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. To compare the effects of virtual reality
      training with and without sensory input on balance and gross motor functions of the lower
      limb in spastic diplegic CP. Its is a Randomized control trial (RCT) done at Physiotherapy
      department of Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi and National Institute of rehabilitation
      Medicine.44 individuals (calculated using epi tool) 22 individuals in each group. Individuals
      who met the inclusion criteria will be included in this study. All participants will go
      through randomization and divided into two groups Experimental and Control groups.
      Pre-intervention assessment is made for both groups. Then intervention will be applied to
      both groups. estimated time of treatment protocol will be 40 min/day, 1 time / d, 3
      times/week for 6 weeks. Subjects will be evaluated at baseline, then 3rd week and 6th-week
      assessment will be the final
Cerebral Palsy(CP) is a common non-progressive disorder that occurs due to any injury or
      aberration to the developing central nervous system. It refers to the disorders that stem
      from primary brain lesion leading to musculoskeletal and nervous abnormalities in the
      pediatric population. Cerebral palsy has a global incidence of 1-3.5 cases per 1000 live
      births. The most prevalent type is spastic diplegia which occurs in 30-40% of spastic
      cerebral palsy. According to motor impairment, it is classified into spastic, dyskinetic and
      ataxic cerebral palsy. The children with cerebral palsy have very poor control of voluntary
      muscle activity. Therefore training of selective motor control in children with cerebral
      palsy is an important part of physiotherapy intervention. Children are often not amenable to
      the conventional exercise program but studies have demonstrated that children show high
      interest and stimulation to virtual reality training. Virtual reality is a virtual
      environment system that enables a person to witness situations and actions similar to
      real-life. Therapists use Virtual reality systems to create a fascinating environment to gain
      targeted therapeutic goals. Sensory integration, on the other hand, is a therapeutic approach
      that involves active therapy and activities involving graded sensory experiences. It provides
      keen proprioceptive and tactile experiences. Sensory integration therapy usually involves
      balls, rolls, hammock, trampolines and altering surfaces. Children with spastic diplegia have
      gross and fine motor, sensory, cognitive impairments. This results in reduced ability to
      adjust the body and balance it with movements. Postural control demands active sensorimotor
      control. Exercise with mini-trampoline is designed for balance training to improve static and
      dynamic balance and postural adjustment in children with spastic diplegia. According to a
      study in 2016, Virtual reality training can effectively improve the gross motor function of
      the lower limbs in children with spastic diplegia in comparison to conventional therapy. As
      claimed by a study in, 2006 VR training in combination with conventional exercise therapy in
      spastic CP improves exercise compliance and enhance exercise effectiveness. It is a simple
      and executable approach which can be used by any skilled therapist as an independent
      treatment method to improve the outcome.

      According to a study, sensory integration therapy had a measurable effect in children with
      spastic diplegic cerebral palsy who suffer from a sensory-motor deficit. A study observed the
      effects of sensory integration therapy in children with cerebral palsy and concluded that
      sensory integration therapy has a positive effect on gross motor function in spastic diplegic
      CP in sitting and standing positions. Whereas, the control group with only home exercise
      program showed no significant improvement.In 2018 compared the effects of rebound exercises
      and simple balance training on balance of spastic diplegic children. The assessments
      suggested that balance was improved in both groups but the group under study showed a
      significant difference and concluded that rebound exercises improve the balance and postural
      control. The past research records are evident that therapists have worked with either
      Virtual reality training or Sensory integration therapy for the rehabilitation of Spastic
      Diplegic children. The two protocols have not been complimented for rehabilitation. So the
      aim of this study is to observe and determine the combined effect of these two treatment
      protocols to get the results and improve the gross motor function in lower limbs of CP
      children.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS):
time frame: Changes from baseline to 6th month
description: Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) is a modification of Berg Balance Scale was developed as a balance measure for children with mild to moderate motor impairments.
measure: Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88)
time frame: Changes from baseline to 6th month
description: Its an 88-item tool for assessing and measuring changes in gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. It's a four pint scale from 0-3 that indicates the grading of a specified task and the tool is further divided into five categories.
measure: 2 min walk Test (2MWT)
time frame: Changes from baseline to 6th month
description: The Two/2 Minute Walk Test (2 MWT) is a measure of self-paced walking ability and functional capacity. The 2 MWT is a simple measure of the distance a person can walk in two minutes. Rest breaks are allowed if needed. The person is encouraged to walk as fast as they can, safely, for two minutes. Walking aids can be used as needed.
arm group label: Experimental Group
arm group type: Experimental
description: Virtual Reality training(VR) + Sensory Integration therapy + conventional therapy
arm group label: Control Group
arm group type: Experimental
description: VR training + conventional therapy
intervention type: Other
intervention name: VR training + Sensory Integration therapy + conventional therapy
description: After the baseline assessment,
Coconut ShootersVR - 5 min/day
Ninja flipVR - 5 min/day.
Sensory integration training include Exercises on BOSU ball and mini-trampoline. It will involve:
Passive bouncing with child standing with his/her feet shoulder width apart for 2.5 and 2.5 minutes on both.
Active bouncing (the child bounces and therapist will control the rate) for 2.5 and 2.5 minutes on both.
Mini-squat exercises with feet apart and feet together for 2.5 and 2.5 minutes on both.
Conventional exercises include:
passive stretching exercises for the hip flexors, hip adductors, hamstring, and calf muscle; stretching will be applied for 30 sec with 30 sec rest for each muscle group within pain limit.
Strengthening of abdominal and back muscles, hip abductions and knee joint extensors and ankle dorsiflexors will be performed.
arm group label: Experimental Group
intervention type: Other
intervention name: VR training + conventional therapy
description: After the baseline assessment,
The Your Shape: Fitness Evolved 2012TM game is selected for VR training (walking and walking with obstacles) for 8 min
Coconut ShootersVR - 8 min/day
Ninja flipVR - 8 min/day
Conventional Therapy - 20 min per day
Passive stretching exercises for the hip flexors, hip adductors, hamstring, and calf muscle; stretching will be applied for 30 sec with 30 sec rest 3-5 times for each muscle group within pain limit.
Strengthening of abdominal and back muscles, hip abductions and knee joint extensors and ankle dorsiflexors will be performed.
arm group label: Control Group
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 5 Years
maximum age: 12 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Aruba Saeed, PHD*
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Riphah International University
facility: 
country: Pakistan
citation: Bumin G, Kayihan H. Effectiveness of two different sensory-integration programmes for children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil. 2001 Jun 15;23(9):394-9. doi: 10.1080/09638280010008843.
PMID: 11394590
citation: Lazzari RD, Politti F, Santos CA, Dumont AJ, Rezende FL, Grecco LA, Braun Ferreira LA, Oliveira CS. Effect of a single session of transcranial direct-current stimulation combined with virtual reality training on the balance of children with cerebral palsy: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Mar;27(3):763-8. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.763. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
PMID: 25931726
citation: Bulekbayeva S, Daribayev Z, Ospanova S, Vento S. Cerebral palsy: a multidisciplinary, integrated approach is essential. Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Apr;5(4):e401. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30082-7. No abstract available.
PMID: 28288745
citation: Bryanton C, Bosse J, Brien M, McLean J, McCormick A, Sveistrup H. Feasibility, motivation, and selective motor control: virtual reality compared to conventional home exercise in children with cerebral palsy. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006 Apr;9(2):123-8. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.123.
PMID: 16640463
citation: Snider L, Majnemer A, Darsaklis V. Virtual reality as a therapeutic modality for children with cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil. 2010;13(2):120-8. doi: 10.3109/17518420903357753.
PMID: 20222773
citation: Galli M, Cimolin V, Pau M, Leban B, Brunner R, Albertini G. Foot pressure distribution in children with cerebral palsy while standing. Res Dev Disabil. 2015 Jun-Jul;41-42:52-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.05.006. Epub 2015 Jun 6.
PMID: 26057837
citation: Ren K, Gong XM, Zhang R, Chen XH. [Effects of virtual reality training on limb movement in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2016 Oct;18(10):975-979. doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.10.011. Chinese.
PMID: 27751214
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Muscle Spasticity
mesh term: Cerebral Palsy
sharing ipd: No