<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04492059</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>BFR Achilles Tendon</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04492059</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Use of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy in Perioperative Rehabilitation Following Achilles Tendon Rupture</brief_title>
  <official_title>Use of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy in Perioperative Rehabilitation Following Achilles Tendon Rupture</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Henry Ford Health System</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Henry Ford Health System</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of utilizing blood flow restriction (BFR)&#xD;
      therapy in the rehabilitation of Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). Muscle atrophy occurs&#xD;
      following Achilles tendon rupture, whether managed non operatively or operatively, which has&#xD;
      implications on patient outcomes. The goal of physical therapy in the perioperative period is&#xD;
      to regain and ultimately return to activity. BFR has been proposed to reduce atrophy and&#xD;
      maintain strength, which would theoretically mitigate the deconditioning effects of an injury&#xD;
      on surrounding musculature. BFR is proposed to work by restricting arterial inflow leading to&#xD;
      an oxygen depleted environment and the ability to induce muscle adaption at lower maximum&#xD;
      repetition via reactive hyperemia and induction of growth cytokines, thus leading to muscle&#xD;
      hypertrophy.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The goal of this investigation is to determine if using BFR as an adjunct in physical therapy&#xD;
      following ATR would reduce muscular atrophy and lead to increased and expedited strength&#xD;
      gains. Additionally, the investigators would like to determine if BFR accelerates the&#xD;
      rehabilitation process and allows patients to perform standard rehabilitative functional&#xD;
      tests and return to play sooner. Furthermore, the investigators will investigate patient&#xD;
      reported outcomes metrics.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The investigators hypothesize that the BFR group will have significantly greater strength&#xD;
      gains at all time points in both non operatively and operatively treated ATR. Previous&#xD;
      studies have shown that BFR has potential in increasing Achilles tendon stiffness, tendon&#xD;
      cross-sectional area, muscle strength and muscle hypertrophy. However, there is a lack of&#xD;
      evidence regarding the use of BFR in both the pre and postoperative period specifically&#xD;
      relating to ATR. The investigators believe that the use of BFR in the perioperative period&#xD;
      surrounding an Achilles tendon rupture and ATR has the potential to significantly decreased&#xD;
      muscle atrophy, improve patient satisfaction and lead to earlier return to sport.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Following diagnosis of ATR, attending surgeons will discuss treatment options with the&#xD;
      patient and determine their course of treatment to be operative or non-operative. Patients&#xD;
      will then be randomized via computer to prospectively undergo ATR rehabilitation using&#xD;
      conventional therapy or conventional therapy with a BFR adjunct by physical therapists&#xD;
      already trained in BFR with extensive experience in ATR rehabilitation. There will be no&#xD;
      incentive provided for participation by the therapists and the therapists may opt out of&#xD;
      using BFR at any point. Treatment groups will undergo similar protocols with the only&#xD;
      difference being the use of BFR as an adjunct to their rehabilitation. The protocol for using&#xD;
      the BFR cuff will be similar to previous studies examining BFR in lower extremity injuries,&#xD;
      with adaptation to the postoperative protocol specific to the Achilles tendon. More&#xD;
      specifically the physical therapists will be provided with a tourniquet that includes a&#xD;
      pressure monitor. The skin will be protected with a sleeve and the cuff will be placed in the&#xD;
      thigh well proximal to the knee joint. The investigators will begin by determining the&#xD;
      patient's limb occlusion pressure, which is conducted automatically by the cuff via built in&#xD;
      doppler. Once this is done the cuff will be inflated to 80% of the limb occlusion pressure,&#xD;
      which is the currently accepted recommendation in the literature and sufficient to achieve&#xD;
      the desired effect of blood flow restriction.&#xD;
&#xD;
      For non-operative candidates the investigators will begin their rehabilitation and physical&#xD;
      therapy immediately following their initial office visit. Participants will have follow-up&#xD;
      appointments at two-weeks, six-weeks, three-months and six-months. During these follow-up&#xD;
      appointments the investigators will assess calf strength, calf circumference, ankle range of&#xD;
      motion, current pain and function level. Additionally, the investigators will conduct testing&#xD;
      at the end of the therapy sessions to ensure patients are prepared to return to sports.&#xD;
&#xD;
      For operative candidates the investigators will schedule their surgery at the earliest&#xD;
      convenience and availability following their initial office visit. Participants will begin&#xD;
      their rehabilitation and physical therapy immediately following their surgery. Participants&#xD;
      will have follow-up appointments at two-weeks, six-weeks, three-months and six-months. During&#xD;
      these follow-up appointments the investigators will assess calf strength, calf circumference,&#xD;
      ankle range of motion, current pain and function level. Additionally, the investigators will&#xD;
      conduct testing at the end of the therapy sessions to ensure patients are prepared to return&#xD;
      to sports.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In both operative and non-operative rehabilitation, therapy will consist of a structured&#xD;
      program progressing from range of motion to strength training and then functional tests. Both&#xD;
      those randomized to conventional therapy and those randomized to conventional therapy with&#xD;
      BFR adjunct will follow the same protocol with the only variable being the use of BFR. Again,&#xD;
      the BFR group will have the cuff inflated per protocol outlined above, this will be under the&#xD;
      guidance of trained physical therapists.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Throughout this protocol patient will have their initial/pre-operative visit to establish&#xD;
      care and set up surgery and follow-up appointments at two-weeks, six-weeks, three-months and&#xD;
      six-months. All data collection and testing during these follow-up appointments will be&#xD;
      obtained with a handheld device and will add less than five minutes to clinic visits.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Withdrawn</overall_status>
  <why_stopped>
    No patients&#xD;
  </why_stopped>
  <start_date type="Actual">September 1, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">March 25, 2022</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">March 25, 2022</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Patients will be assigned to the blood flow restriction augmented physical therapy group following surgery or will undergo the usual physical therapy. Various measurements will be taken at follow up appointments as well as patient reported outcomes and compared between the two groups.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in plantarflexion strength from baseline</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits</time_frame>
    <description>Plantarflexion strength to be measured via dynamometer</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in range of motion</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits</time_frame>
    <description>Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion measured with goniometer</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits</time_frame>
    <description>Score used to assess disability and function of patients with achilles tendon rupture. Range is 0-100, with 100 being full function and no deficits.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Pain on the visual analog score</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits</time_frame>
    <description>Patient self assessment of current pain. Range is 0 - 10, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain the patient has experienced.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>PROMIS pain scores</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits</time_frame>
    <description>Patient reported outcomes using the PROMIS algorithm. 50 is average, the standard deviation is 10. Range is 0-100. A score of 60 would indicate one standard deviation more pain than average.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>PROMIS function scores</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits</time_frame>
    <description>Patient reported outcomes using the PROMIS algorithm. 50 is average, the standard deviation is 10. Range is 0-100. A score of 60 would indicate one standard deviation better function than the average.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>PROMIS depression scores</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits</time_frame>
    <description>Patient reported outcomes using the PROMIS algorithm. 50 is average, standard deviation is 10. Range is 0-100. A score of 60 would indicated one standard deviation more depression than average.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in calf circumference</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits</time_frame>
    <description>Circumference measurements of the calf</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">0</enrollment>
  <condition>Achilles Tendon Rupture</condition>
  <condition>Achilles Tendon Surgery</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Blood flow restriction augmented physical therapy</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>The group will undergo traditional physical therapy with the augment of blood flow restriction therapy under the supervision of trained physical therapists.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Traditional physical therapy</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>The group will undergo traditional physical therapy without the augment of blood flow restriction therapy under the supervision of trained physical therapists.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Blood flow restriction augmented physical therapy</intervention_name>
    <description>Using a blood flow restriction cuff during physical therapy. It is a pressurized cuff that is used to decrease the amount of oxygen that is available to the muscle during exercise. This stimulates the muscle to believe it is in an anoxic state and can produce greater strength and hypertrophy with fewer reps and less weight which would mean less stress on a surgically repaired tendon.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Blood flow restriction augmented physical therapy</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Physical therapy</intervention_name>
    <description>Completing traditional physical therapy.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Traditional physical therapy</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  patients aged 18-65 who suffered an achilles tendon rupture.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patients with achilles tendon rupture that are being treated operatively and&#xD;
             non-operatively.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  undergoing a revision procedure&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  other concomitant injuries of the same leg&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  have a history of deep vein thrombosis&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  peripheral vascular disease&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  neurovascular injury to the extremity&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  are unable to tolerate BFR treatment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  have a leg circumference greater than the largest available tourniquet circumference&#xD;
             of 96.52 cm&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  unable to complete physical therapy.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>65 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Erickson Andrews, MD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Henry Ford Health System</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Henry Ford Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Detroit</city>
        <state>Michigan</state>
        <zip>48226</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Heikkinen J, Lantto I, Flinkkila T, Siira P, Laine V, Niinimaki J, Ohtonen P, Leppilahti J.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wernbom M, Augustsson J, Raastad T. Ischemic strength training: a low-load alternative to heavy resistance exercise? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Aug;18(4):401-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00788.x. Epub 2008 May 3.</citation>
    <PMID>18466185</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Centner C, Lauber B, Seynnes OR, Jerger S, Sohnius T, Gollhofer A, Konig D. Low-load blood flow restriction training induces similar morphological and mechanical Achilles tendon adaptations compared with high-load resistance training. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 Dec 1;127(6):1660-1667. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00602.2019. Epub 2019 Nov 14.</citation>
    <PMID>31725362</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Yow BG, Tennent DJ, Dowd TC, Loenneke JP, Owens JG. Blood Flow Restriction Training After Achilles Tendon Rupture. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2018 May-Jun;57(3):635-638. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2017.11.008. Epub 2018 Feb 21.</citation>
    <PMID>29477554</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ladlow P, Coppack RJ, Dharm-Datta S, Conway D, Sellon E, Patterson SD, Bennett AN. Low-Load Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction Improves Clinical Outcomes in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol. 2018 Sep 10;9:1269. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01269. eCollection 2018.</citation>
    <PMID>30246795</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>DePhillipo NN, Kennedy MI, Aman ZS, Bernhardson AS, O'Brien L, LaPrade RF. Blood Flow Restriction Therapy After Knee Surgery: Indications, Safety Considerations, and Postoperative Protocol. Arthrosc Tech. 2018 Sep 24;7(10):e1037-e1043. doi: 10.1016/j.eats.2018.06.010. eCollection 2018 Oct.</citation>
    <PMID>30377584</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Noordin S, McEwen JA, Kragh JF Jr, Eisen A, Masri BA. Surgical tourniquets in orthopaedics. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Dec;91(12):2958-67. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.00634. Erratum In: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 Feb;92(2):442.</citation>
    <PMID>19952261</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Clark BC, Manini TM, Hoffman RL, Williams PS, Guiler MK, Knutson MJ, McGlynn ML, Kushnick MR. Relative safety of 4 weeks of blood flow-restricted resistance exercise in young, healthy adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011 Oct;21(5):653-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01100.x. Epub 2010 Mar 11.</citation>
    <PMID>21917016</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Madarame H, Sasaki K, Ishii N. Endocrine responses to upper- and lower-limb resistance exercises with blood flow restriction. Acta Physiol Hung. 2010 Jun;97(2):192-200. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.97.2010.2.5.</citation>
    <PMID>20511128</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>January 2023</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 7, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 28, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 30, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 31, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 31, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">February 2, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Henry Ford Health System</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Erickson Andrews, M.D.</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Principal Investigator</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Blood flow restriction</keyword>
  <keyword>physical therapy</keyword>
  <keyword>Achilles tendon</keyword>
  <keyword>Achilles tendon rupture</keyword>
  <keyword>Achilles tendon repair</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Rupture</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04492059
org study id: BFR Achilles Tendon
nct id: NCT04492059
lead sponsor: 
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of utilizing blood flow restriction (BFR)
      therapy in the rehabilitation of Achilles tendon rupture (ATR). Muscle atrophy occurs
      following Achilles tendon rupture, whether managed non operatively or operatively, which has
      implications on patient outcomes. The goal of physical therapy in the perioperative period is
      to regain and ultimately return to activity. BFR has been proposed to reduce atrophy and
      maintain strength, which would theoretically mitigate the deconditioning effects of an injury
      on surrounding musculature. BFR is proposed to work by restricting arterial inflow leading to
      an oxygen depleted environment and the ability to induce muscle adaption at lower maximum
      repetition via reactive hyperemia and induction of growth cytokines, thus leading to muscle
      hypertrophy.

      The goal of this investigation is to determine if using BFR as an adjunct in physical therapy
      following ATR would reduce muscular atrophy and lead to increased and expedited strength
      gains. Additionally, the investigators would like to determine if BFR accelerates the
      rehabilitation process and allows patients to perform standard rehabilitative functional
      tests and return to play sooner. Furthermore, the investigators will investigate patient
      reported outcomes metrics.

      The investigators hypothesize that the BFR group will have significantly greater strength
      gains at all time points in both non operatively and operatively treated ATR. Previous
      studies have shown that BFR has potential in increasing Achilles tendon stiffness, tendon
      cross-sectional area, muscle strength and muscle hypertrophy. However, there is a lack of
      evidence regarding the use of BFR in both the pre and postoperative period specifically
      relating to ATR. The investigators believe that the use of BFR in the perioperative period
      surrounding an Achilles tendon rupture and ATR has the potential to significantly decreased
      muscle atrophy, improve patient satisfaction and lead to earlier return to sport.
Following diagnosis of ATR, attending surgeons will discuss treatment options with the
      patient and determine their course of treatment to be operative or non-operative. Patients
      will then be randomized via computer to prospectively undergo ATR rehabilitation using
      conventional therapy or conventional therapy with a BFR adjunct by physical therapists
      already trained in BFR with extensive experience in ATR rehabilitation. There will be no
      incentive provided for participation by the therapists and the therapists may opt out of
      using BFR at any point. Treatment groups will undergo similar protocols with the only
      difference being the use of BFR as an adjunct to their rehabilitation. The protocol for using
      the BFR cuff will be similar to previous studies examining BFR in lower extremity injuries,
      with adaptation to the postoperative protocol specific to the Achilles tendon. More
      specifically the physical therapists will be provided with a tourniquet that includes a
      pressure monitor. The skin will be protected with a sleeve and the cuff will be placed in the
      thigh well proximal to the knee joint. The investigators will begin by determining the
      patient's limb occlusion pressure, which is conducted automatically by the cuff via built in
      doppler. Once this is done the cuff will be inflated to 80% of the limb occlusion pressure,
      which is the currently accepted recommendation in the literature and sufficient to achieve
      the desired effect of blood flow restriction.

      For non-operative candidates the investigators will begin their rehabilitation and physical
      therapy immediately following their initial office visit. Participants will have follow-up
      appointments at two-weeks, six-weeks, three-months and six-months. During these follow-up
      appointments the investigators will assess calf strength, calf circumference, ankle range of
      motion, current pain and function level. Additionally, the investigators will conduct testing
      at the end of the therapy sessions to ensure patients are prepared to return to sports.

      For operative candidates the investigators will schedule their surgery at the earliest
      convenience and availability following their initial office visit. Participants will begin
      their rehabilitation and physical therapy immediately following their surgery. Participants
      will have follow-up appointments at two-weeks, six-weeks, three-months and six-months. During
      these follow-up appointments the investigators will assess calf strength, calf circumference,
      ankle range of motion, current pain and function level. Additionally, the investigators will
      conduct testing at the end of the therapy sessions to ensure patients are prepared to return
      to sports.

      In both operative and non-operative rehabilitation, therapy will consist of a structured
      program progressing from range of motion to strength training and then functional tests. Both
      those randomized to conventional therapy and those randomized to conventional therapy with
      BFR adjunct will follow the same protocol with the only variable being the use of BFR. Again,
      the BFR group will have the cuff inflated per protocol outlined above, this will be under the
      guidance of trained physical therapists.

      Throughout this protocol patient will have their initial/pre-operative visit to establish
      care and set up surgery and follow-up appointments at two-weeks, six-weeks, three-months and
      six-months. All data collection and testing during these follow-up appointments will be
      obtained with a handheld device and will add less than five minutes to clinic visits.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Patients will be assigned to the blood flow restriction augmented physical therapy group following surgery or will undergo the usual physical therapy. Various measurements will be taken at follow up appointments as well as patient reported outcomes and compared between the two groups.
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Change in plantarflexion strength from baseline
time frame: Measured at six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits
description: Plantarflexion strength to be measured via dynamometer
measure: Change in range of motion
time frame: Measured at six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits
description: Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion measured with goniometer
measure: Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score
time frame: Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits
description: Score used to assess disability and function of patients with achilles tendon rupture. Range is 0-100, with 100 being full function and no deficits.
measure: Pain on the visual analog score
time frame: Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits
description: Patient self assessment of current pain. Range is 0 - 10, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain the patient has experienced.
measure: PROMIS pain scores
time frame: Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits
description: Patient reported outcomes using the PROMIS algorithm. 50 is average, the standard deviation is 10. Range is 0-100. A score of 60 would indicate one standard deviation more pain than average.
measure: PROMIS function scores
time frame: Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits
description: Patient reported outcomes using the PROMIS algorithm. 50 is average, the standard deviation is 10. Range is 0-100. A score of 60 would indicate one standard deviation better function than the average.
measure: PROMIS depression scores
time frame: Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits
description: Patient reported outcomes using the PROMIS algorithm. 50 is average, standard deviation is 10. Range is 0-100. A score of 60 would indicated one standard deviation more depression than average.
measure: Change in calf circumference
time frame: Measured at initial visit, six-week, three-month and six-month postoperative visits
description: Circumference measurements of the calf
arm group label: Blood flow restriction augmented physical therapy
arm group type: Experimental
description: The group will undergo traditional physical therapy with the augment of blood flow restriction therapy under the supervision of trained physical therapists.
arm group label: Traditional physical therapy
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: The group will undergo traditional physical therapy without the augment of blood flow restriction therapy under the supervision of trained physical therapists.
intervention type: Device
intervention name: Blood flow restriction augmented physical therapy
description: Using a blood flow restriction cuff during physical therapy. It is a pressurized cuff that is used to decrease the amount of oxygen that is available to the muscle during exercise. This stimulates the muscle to believe it is in an anoxic state and can produce greater strength and hypertrophy with fewer reps and less weight which would mean less stress on a surgically repaired tendon.
arm group label: Blood flow restriction augmented physical therapy
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Physical therapy
description: Completing traditional physical therapy.
arm group label: Traditional physical therapy
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 65 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Erickson Andrews, MD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Henry Ford Health System
facility: 
country: United States
citation: Heikkinen J, Lantto I, Flinkkila T, Siira P, Laine V, Niinimaki J, Ohtonen P, Leppilahti J.
citation: Wernbom M, Augustsson J, Raastad T. Ischemic strength training: a low-load alternative to heavy resistance exercise? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Aug;18(4):401-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00788.x. Epub 2008 May 3.
PMID: 18466185
citation: Centner C, Lauber B, Seynnes OR, Jerger S, Sohnius T, Gollhofer A, Konig D. Low-load blood flow restriction training induces similar morphological and mechanical Achilles tendon adaptations compared with high-load resistance training. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 Dec 1;127(6):1660-1667. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00602.2019. Epub 2019 Nov 14.
PMID: 31725362
citation: Yow BG, Tennent DJ, Dowd TC, Loenneke JP, Owens JG. Blood Flow Restriction Training After Achilles Tendon Rupture. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2018 May-Jun;57(3):635-638. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2017.11.008. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
PMID: 29477554
citation: Ladlow P, Coppack RJ, Dharm-Datta S, Conway D, Sellon E, Patterson SD, Bennett AN. Low-Load Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction Improves Clinical Outcomes in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol. 2018 Sep 10;9:1269. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01269. eCollection 2018.
PMID: 30246795
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PMID: 20511128
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Henry Ford Health System
investigator full name: Erickson Andrews, M.D.
investigator title: Principal Investigator
mesh term: Rupture
sharing ipd: No