<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04482530</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>RBHP 2019 PICKERING</org_study_id>
    <secondary_id>2019-A00995-52</secondary_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04482530</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Food Matrices Based on Fruit Pastes as Vectors of Carbohydrates for the Prevention and Management of Protein-energy Undernutrition in the Elderly (Fruisenior)</brief_title>
  <acronym>Fruisenior</acronym>
  <official_title>Food Matrices Based on Fruit Pastes as Vectors of Carbohydrates for the Prevention and Management of Protein-energy Undernutrition in the Elderly: Proof of Clinical Concept</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRAE, Centre Auvergne-Rhône Alpes</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Unité de recherche CSGA, INRAE Dijon</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      To develop more natural fruit pastes matrices that can effectively act as carbohydrate&#xD;
      vectors in the elderly population and that are part of a normal diet while maintaining the&#xD;
      pleasure of eating.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      This is an interventional randomized, single blinded, cross over and controlled study.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The main objective is the study of the kinetic modification of blood glucose with the &quot;fruit&quot;&#xD;
      matrices enriched in maltodextrins, fructose and isomaltulose compared to the original recipe&#xD;
      consisting only of simple sugars.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The secondary objective is:&#xD;
&#xD;
      -the assessment of the acceptability of all the fruit pastes tested (organoleptic, satiety&#xD;
      and gastrointestinal comfort aspects).The study is composed of 7 visits Visit 1 - Selection&#xD;
      Visit (Day -7)&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Informed consent form&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Clinical examination&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Medical history&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Anthropometric characteristics&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Blood biochemical and hematological assessment&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Compliance test with the original matrix will be carried out&#xD;
&#xD;
      Visit 2 (D0) / Visit 3 (D7) / Visit 4 (D14) / Visit 5 (D21) / Visit 6 (D28): study period If&#xD;
      all the biological criteria are respected, the subjects will have to come back to the&#xD;
      clinical center for each of the 5 study periods.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Volunteers will arrive fasted, without smoking in the morning. A catheter will be placed for&#xD;
      blood sampling. After a first blood sampling for basal values, volunteers will ingest the&#xD;
      equivalent of two bars of fruit pastes (about 80g in 10 minutes maximum) and blood will be&#xD;
      withdrawn 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after ingestion. The different matrices (5&#xD;
      in total) will be tested on the same volunteer. Plasma samples will be used to determine&#xD;
      plasma glucose and fructose concentrations (aliquots stored in center for later assays) to&#xD;
      evaluate the postprandial profiles of these two nutrients. At the end of the kinetic, the&#xD;
      volunteers will be offered a complete meal. A satiety questionnaire will be performed before&#xD;
      then 60 and 180 min after the ingestion of each fruit matrix. A questionnaire of satisfaction&#xD;
      and acceptability will also be realized during the consumption of the matrix.&#xD;
&#xD;
      After the 5 fruit matrix will be tested, the subject will be invited to participate in an&#xD;
      individual interview of about 30-45min with a member of the project team. The purpose of this&#xD;
      interview will be a qualitative approach to search for a food development that can could&#xD;
      improve the sensory quality of the fruit pastes tested and intended for the elderly (see&#xD;
      below).&#xD;
&#xD;
      Visit 7 (D35 to D40): Participation in a discussion group (about 2 hours). During the&#xD;
      participation in this group all 10 participants will be invited to taste the 5 products&#xD;
      (original recipe, maltodextrin recipe, fructose recipe, isomaltulose recipe and mixed recipe&#xD;
      comprising fructose and isomaltulose). Participants will be asked to indicate for each&#xD;
      product their degree of appreciation for these products, their possible defects and qualities&#xD;
      and to suggest ideas for improving their taste / texture / appearance. These interviews will&#xD;
      alternate individual reflection phases and discussion phases according to the focus group&#xD;
      method.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Visit 7 will be the last visit of the study.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">May 31, 2021</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">July 19, 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">July 15, 2021</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Health Services Research</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
    <masking_description>Same flavor will be used for all matrices. The different matrices will be offered to volunteers in in individual packaged portions.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1 (defined in pmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1 (defined in pmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 0 after ingestion in Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 60 after ingestion in Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 180 after ingestion in Day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 0 after ingestion in Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 60 after ingestion in Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 180 after ingestion in Day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 0 after ingestion in Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 60 after ingestion in Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 180 after ingestion in Day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 0 after ingestion in Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 60 after ingestion in Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 180 after ingestion in Day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 0 after ingestion in Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 60 after ingestion in Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>at time 180 after ingestion in Day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where &quot;0&quot; means to be free from hunger and &quot;10&quot; to be very hungry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of acceptability</measure>
    <time_frame>day 0</time_frame>
    <description>Acceptability was assessed by a 7-point time scale where &quot;1&quot; means a very poor acceptability and &quot;7&quot; means a very good acceptability</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of acceptability</measure>
    <time_frame>day 7</time_frame>
    <description>Acceptability was assessed by a 7-point time scale where &quot;1&quot; means a very poor acceptability and &quot;7&quot; means a very good acceptability</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of acceptability</measure>
    <time_frame>day 14</time_frame>
    <description>Acceptability was assessed by a 7-point time scale where &quot;1&quot; means a very poor acceptability and &quot;7&quot; means a very good acceptability</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of acceptability</measure>
    <time_frame>day 21</time_frame>
    <description>Acceptability was assessed by a 7-point time scale where &quot;1&quot; means a very poor acceptability and &quot;7&quot; means a very good acceptability</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Questionnaire of acceptability</measure>
    <time_frame>day 28</time_frame>
    <description>Acceptability was assessed by a 7-point time scale where &quot;1&quot; means a very poor acceptability and &quot;7&quot; means a very good acceptability</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Facilited individual interview</measure>
    <time_frame>day 40</time_frame>
    <description>Facilitated interview to assess organoleptic, satiety and gastrointestinal comfort</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Focus group</measure>
    <time_frame>day 40</time_frame>
    <description>Focus group interview to assess organoleptic, satiety and gastrointestinal comfort</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>5</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">15</enrollment>
  <condition>Healthy</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Original recipe</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Normal fruit paste</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>maltodextrin recipe</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>fruit pastes in which some of the simple sugars in the recipe will be replaced by maltodextrin with a low glycemic index (DE12).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>fructose recipe</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>fruit pastes in which some of the simple sugars in the recipe (25% min) will be replaced by fructose</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>isomaltulose recipe</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>fruit pastes with some of the sugars will be replaced (25% min) by isomaltulose</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>mixed recipe</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>fruit pastes with some of the sugars will be replaced (25% min) by fructose / isomaltulose</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>fruit paste matrice</intervention_name>
    <description>Evaluation of the kinetics of the appearance of nutrients and the metabolic response induced by the consumption of fruit pastes (5 different matrices will be tested: 1 Original recipe, 1 maltodextrine recipe, 1 fructose recipe, 1 isomaltulose recipe and 1 mixed recipe comprising fructose and isomaltulose) in elderly healthy volunteers.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Original recipe</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>fructose recipe</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>isomaltulose recipe</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>maltodextrin recipe</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>mixed recipe</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Male subject&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject over 65 years (included)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject over 61 kg (included)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Able to consume the 80g of fruit pastes in 10 minutes&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject with a dentition consistent with the fruit paste consumption in 10 minutes&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject with a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 21 and 30 kg/m2&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject agreeing to provide written consent&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject with acute pathology (unstable or terminal pathology, severe dementia)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject with renal failure (clearance &lt; 60 ml/min)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject with metabolic syndrome (3 of the following 5 criteria: waist greater than 94&#xD;
             cm, blood triglyceride greater than 1.7 mmol/l, blood pressure greater than or equal&#xD;
             to 130 mm Hg/85 mm Hg, cholesterol (HDL) less than 1.0 mmol/l in men, blood glucose&#xD;
             greater than or equal to 5.6 mmol/l)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Person with diabetes&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject on food restriction&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject undergoing chemotherapy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject with gastrointestinal pathology&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subject in a diet incompatible with the nutritional protocol (gluten, lactose or milk&#xD;
             intolerance, vegan)&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Male</gender>
    <minimum_age>65 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Gisèle Pickering</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>CHU de Clermont-Ferrand</name>
      <address>
        <city>Clermont-Ferrand</city>
        <zip>63000</zip>
        <country>France</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>France</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>September 2022</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 16, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 20, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 22, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>September 26, 2022</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>September 26, 2022</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 27, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Fruit pastes matrices</keyword>
  <keyword>Elderly healthy volunteer</keyword>
  <keyword>Dietary intake</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Malnutrition</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04482530
org study id: RBHP 2019 PICKERING
secondary id: 2019-A00995-52
nct id: NCT04482530
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
To develop more natural fruit pastes matrices that can effectively act as carbohydrate
      vectors in the elderly population and that are part of a normal diet while maintaining the
      pleasure of eating.
This is an interventional randomized, single blinded, cross over and controlled study.

      The main objective is the study of the kinetic modification of blood glucose with the "fruit"
      matrices enriched in maltodextrins, fructose and isomaltulose compared to the original recipe
      consisting only of simple sugars.

      The secondary objective is:

      -the assessment of the acceptability of all the fruit pastes tested (organoleptic, satiety
      and gastrointestinal comfort aspects).The study is composed of 7 visits Visit 1 - Selection
      Visit (Day -7)

        -  Informed consent form

        -  Clinical examination

        -  Medical history

        -  Anthropometric characteristics

        -  Blood biochemical and hematological assessment

        -  Compliance test with the original matrix will be carried out

      Visit 2 (D0) / Visit 3 (D7) / Visit 4 (D14) / Visit 5 (D21) / Visit 6 (D28): study period If
      all the biological criteria are respected, the subjects will have to come back to the
      clinical center for each of the 5 study periods.

      Volunteers will arrive fasted, without smoking in the morning. A catheter will be placed for
      blood sampling. After a first blood sampling for basal values, volunteers will ingest the
      equivalent of two bars of fruit pastes (about 80g in 10 minutes maximum) and blood will be
      withdrawn 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after ingestion. The different matrices (5
      in total) will be tested on the same volunteer. Plasma samples will be used to determine
      plasma glucose and fructose concentrations (aliquots stored in center for later assays) to
      evaluate the postprandial profiles of these two nutrients. At the end of the kinetic, the
      volunteers will be offered a complete meal. A satiety questionnaire will be performed before
      then 60 and 180 min after the ingestion of each fruit matrix. A questionnaire of satisfaction
      and acceptability will also be realized during the consumption of the matrix.

      After the 5 fruit matrix will be tested, the subject will be invited to participate in an
      individual interview of about 30-45min with a member of the project team. The purpose of this
      interview will be a qualitative approach to search for a food development that can could
      improve the sensory quality of the fruit pastes tested and intended for the elderly (see
      below).

      Visit 7 (D35 to D40): Participation in a discussion group (about 2 hours). During the
      participation in this group all 10 participants will be invited to taste the 5 products
      (original recipe, maltodextrin recipe, fructose recipe, isomaltulose recipe and mixed recipe
      comprising fructose and isomaltulose). Participants will be asked to indicate for each
      product their degree of appreciation for these products, their possible defects and qualities
      and to suggest ideas for improving their taste / texture / appearance. These interviews will
      alternate individual reflection phases and discussion phases according to the focus group
      method.

      Visit 7 will be the last visit of the study.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Crossover Assignment
primary purpose: Health Services Research
masking: Single (Participant)
masking description: Same flavor will be used for all matrices. The different matrices will be offered to volunteers in in individual packaged portions.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia
time frame: Day 0
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia
time frame: Day 0
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia
time frame: Day 0
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia
time frame: Day 7
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia
time frame: Day 7
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia
time frame: day 7
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia
time frame: day 14
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia
time frame: day 14
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia
time frame: day 14
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia
time frame: day 21
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia
time frame: day 21
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia
time frame: day 21
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia
time frame: day 28
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia
time frame: day 28
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia
time frame: day 28
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glycemia (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose
time frame: Day 0
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose
time frame: Day 0
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose
time frame: Day 0
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose
time frame: Day 7
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose
time frame: Day 7
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose
time frame: Day 7
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose
time frame: Day 14
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose
time frame: Day 14
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose
time frame: Day 14
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose
time frame: Day 21
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose
time frame: Day 21
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose
time frame: Day 21
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose
time frame: Day 28
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose
time frame: Day 28
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose
time frame: Day 28
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of fructose (defined in g/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon
time frame: day 0
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon
time frame: day 0
description: : Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon
time frame: day 0
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon
time frame: day 7
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon
time frame: day 7
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon
time frame: Day 7
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon
time frame: Day 14
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon
time frame: Day 14
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon
time frame: Day 14
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon
time frame: Day 21
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon
time frame: Day 21
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon
time frame: Day 21
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon
time frame: Day 28
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon
time frame: Day 28
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon
time frame: Day 28
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of glucagon (defined in np/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK
time frame: Day 0
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK
time frame: Day 0
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK
time frame: Day 0
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK
time frame: Day 7
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK
time frame: Day 7
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK
time frame: Day 7
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK
time frame: Day 14
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK
time frame: Day 14
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK
time frame: Day 14
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK
time frame: Day 21
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK
time frame: Day 21
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK
time frame: Day 21
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK
time frame: Day 28
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK
time frame: Day 28
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK
time frame: Day 28
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of CCK (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin
time frame: Day 0
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin
time frame: Day 0
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin
time frame: day 0
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin
time frame: day 7
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin
time frame: day 7
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin
time frame: day 7
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin
time frame: day 14
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin
time frame: day 14
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin
time frame: day 14
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin
time frame: day 21
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin
time frame: day 21
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin
time frame: day 21
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin
time frame: day 28
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin
time frame: day 28
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin
time frame: day 28
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Grehlin (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin
time frame: day 0
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin
time frame: day 0
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin
time frame: day 0
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin
time frame: day 7
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin
time frame: day 7
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin
time frame: day 7
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin
time frame: day 14
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin
time frame: day 14
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin
time frame: day 14
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin
time frame: day 21
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin
time frame: day 21
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin
time frame: day 21
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin
time frame: day 28
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin
time frame: day 28
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin
time frame: day 28
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of leptin (defined in ng/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1
time frame: day 0
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1 (defined in pmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1
time frame: day 0
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1
time frame: day 0
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1
time frame: day 7
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1
time frame: day 7
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1
time frame: day 7
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1
time frame: day 14
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1
time frame: day 14
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1
time frame: day 14
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1
time frame: day 21
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1 (defined in pmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1
time frame: day 21
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1
time frame: day 21
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1
time frame: day 28
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1
time frame: day 28
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1
time frame: day 28
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of GLP1 (defined in pmol /L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines
time frame: day 0
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines
time frame: day 0
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines
time frame: day 0
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines
time frame: day 7
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines
time frame: day 7
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines
time frame: day 7
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines
time frame: day 14
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines
time frame: day 14
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines
time frame: day 14
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines
time frame: day 21
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines
time frame: day 21
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines
time frame: day 21
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines
time frame: day 28
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines
time frame: day 28
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines
time frame: day 28
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of incretines (defined in pg/mL) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin
time frame: day 0
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin
time frame: day 0
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin
time frame: day 0
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin
time frame: day 7
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin
time frame: day 7
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin
time frame: day 7
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin
time frame: day 14
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin
time frame: day 14
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin
time frame: day 14
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin
time frame: day 21
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin
time frame: day 21
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin
time frame: day 21
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin
time frame: day 28
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea
time frame: day 28
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin
time frame: day 28
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of insulin (defined in µg/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea
time frame: day 0
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea
time frame: day 0
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea
time frame: day 0
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea
time frame: day 7
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea
time frame: day 7
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea
time frame: day 7
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea
time frame: day 14
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea
time frame: day 14
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea
time frame: day 14
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea
time frame: day 21
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea
time frame: day 21
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea
time frame: day 21
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea
time frame: day 28
description: Area Under the Curve (AUC) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea
time frame: day 28
description: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste.
measure: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea
time frame: day 28
description: Time of Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of urea (defined in mmol/L) between T0 and T120 minutes following ingestion of fruit paste
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 0 after ingestion in Day 0
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry.
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 60 after ingestion in Day 0
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 180 after ingestion in Day 0
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry.
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 0 after ingestion in Day 7
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 60 after ingestion in Day 7
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 180 after ingestion in Day 7
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry.
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 0 after ingestion in Day 14
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry.
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 60 after ingestion in Day 14
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 180 after ingestion in Day 14
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 0 after ingestion in Day 21
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry.
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 60 after ingestion in Day 21
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry.
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 180 after ingestion in Day 21
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry.
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 0 after ingestion in Day 28
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry.
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 60 after ingestion in Day 28
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry.
measure: Questionnaire of satiety
time frame: at time 180 after ingestion in Day 28
description: Questionnaire was composed of 4 questions where satiety was assessed by a 0-10 Numerical Satiety Rating Scale where "0" means to be free from hunger and "10" to be very hungry.
measure: Questionnaire of acceptability
time frame: day 0
description: Acceptability was assessed by a 7-point time scale where "1" means a very poor acceptability and "7" means a very good acceptability
measure: Questionnaire of acceptability
time frame: day 7
description: Acceptability was assessed by a 7-point time scale where "1" means a very poor acceptability and "7" means a very good acceptability
measure: Questionnaire of acceptability
time frame: day 14
description: Acceptability was assessed by a 7-point time scale where "1" means a very poor acceptability and "7" means a very good acceptability
measure: Questionnaire of acceptability
time frame: day 21
description: Acceptability was assessed by a 7-point time scale where "1" means a very poor acceptability and "7" means a very good acceptability
measure: Questionnaire of acceptability
time frame: day 28
description: Acceptability was assessed by a 7-point time scale where "1" means a very poor acceptability and "7" means a very good acceptability
measure: Facilited individual interview
time frame: day 40
description: Facilitated interview to assess organoleptic, satiety and gastrointestinal comfort
measure: Focus group
time frame: day 40
description: Focus group interview to assess organoleptic, satiety and gastrointestinal comfort
arm group label: Original recipe
arm group type: Experimental
description: Normal fruit paste
arm group label: maltodextrin recipe
arm group type: Experimental
description: fruit pastes in which some of the simple sugars in the recipe will be replaced by maltodextrin with a low glycemic index (DE12).
arm group label: fructose recipe
arm group type: Experimental
description: fruit pastes in which some of the simple sugars in the recipe (25% min) will be replaced by fructose
arm group label: isomaltulose recipe
arm group type: Experimental
description: fruit pastes with some of the sugars will be replaced (25% min) by isomaltulose
arm group label: mixed recipe
arm group type: Experimental
description: fruit pastes with some of the sugars will be replaced (25% min) by fructose / isomaltulose
intervention type: Other
intervention name: fruit paste matrice
description: Evaluation of the kinetics of the appearance of nutrients and the metabolic response induced by the consumption of fruit pastes (5 different matrices will be tested: 1 Original recipe, 1 maltodextrine recipe, 1 fructose recipe, 1 isomaltulose recipe and 1 mixed recipe comprising fructose and isomaltulose) in elderly healthy volunteers.
arm group label: Original recipe
arm group label: fructose recipe
arm group label: isomaltulose recipe
arm group label: maltodextrin recipe
arm group label: mixed recipe
criteria: 
gender: Male
minimum age: 65 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Gisèle Pickering
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand
facility: 
country: France
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Malnutrition