<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04486404</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>08/04/2020</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04486404</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Needs, Perceptions and Acute Stress of Healtcare Workers Caring for COVID-19 Patients in South America</brief_title>
  <official_title>Personal Protective Equipmente Needs, Perceptions and Acute Stress Among Healthcare Workers Caring for COVID-19 Patients in South America</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Universidad Catolica Santiago de Guayaquil</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Universidad de Santander</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University of Sao Paulo</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The pressure on care and the demand for critical decision-making generated by the current&#xD;
      SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, together with the situation of extreme social alarm and the&#xD;
      adverse conditions in which care work must be promoted at this time, draw an extreme scenario&#xD;
      in which action is urgently needed to alleviate emotional overload, acute stress reactions&#xD;
      and other affective pathologies or psychosomatic reactions that may eventually lead to&#xD;
      post-traumatic stress situations. This eventuality is being observed massively among&#xD;
      professionals from different groups and levels of responsibility.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In the case of healthcare personnel, it should be added that the care of non-COVID19 patients&#xD;
      (of all pathologies and conditions) is clearly compromised and it is up to the professionals&#xD;
      as a whole to make critical decisions and exercise a professional practice that is radically&#xD;
      different from what has usually been done, which may require the application of undesirable&#xD;
      triage criteria that are difficult for everyone to assume.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Healthcare professionals and other essential personnel for healthcare and social-healthcare&#xD;
      work (including personnel from external companies) are being subjected to emotional tensions&#xD;
      and extraordinary, high-intensity work demands. Without professionals who feel supported and&#xD;
      with moral strength, care will be even more compromised.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The current scenario makes us think of many critical situations that are occurring as a&#xD;
      result of the overload experienced. It is essential to act in order to counteract the&#xD;
      devastating effect of this health crisis on health professionals and those who support them&#xD;
      in their care work.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Coronavirus 2019 disease - of recent appearance - has become a global public health problem&#xD;
      due to its rapid spread, since 11 March declared by WHO as a pandemic. It represents a real&#xD;
      challenge for health systems, which at first lack information to organize the response to&#xD;
      this situation, effective treatments to combat this lethal infection and with health&#xD;
      personnel lacking the necessary security in their daily work to minimize the risk of&#xD;
      contagion. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused, up to July 21, more than 609,000 deaths&#xD;
      worldwide, 28,422 in Spain. The number of professionals suffering from COVID-19 is high. In&#xD;
      Spain it accounts for more than 20% of the total number of people infected.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In this way, health professionals have been taking on a notable role without hardly any&#xD;
      intention of doing so. Situations of constant uncertainty and emotional distress have posed a&#xD;
      risk to patients and to the quality of care, making health professionals the second most&#xD;
      affected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), which also requires special biosecurity and protection&#xD;
      measures.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In a global survey, 52% of the 2711 health workers included reported that at least 1 standard&#xD;
      PPE piece was out of stock. For example, in the United States, the Food and Drug&#xD;
      Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have taken several steps to&#xD;
      optimize the use of PPE due to its scarcity. Although professionals in Germany consider that&#xD;
      they have been well prepared for the pandemic, there are substantial differences in the&#xD;
      availability of PPE depending on the health professional and the setting (outpatient or acute&#xD;
      care hospitals). In Spain, 54% of primary health care workers reported that they were not&#xD;
      adequately trained to use PPE. No similar studies we found in the local context of South&#xD;
      American countries.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Although the incidence of the pandemic has expanded differently in different geographical&#xD;
      areas of each country, most hospitals and health centres around the world have had to&#xD;
      reorganise themselves to prioritise the care of COVID-19 patients, breaking with their usual&#xD;
      work dynamics. To this cause of work stress must be added the uncertainty in which decisions&#xD;
      have had to be made and the lack of resources both to treat patients adequately and to&#xD;
      protect against possible contagion. Reactions of compassionate fatigue, post-traumatic&#xD;
      stress, and moral damage have been observed among health professionals, which has depended on&#xD;
      the expansion of the pandemic, available means, and individual differences in stress&#xD;
      response.&#xD;
&#xD;
      These types of responses and reactions to this crisis are natural and affect all staff and&#xD;
      all professional levels, including care support staff (IT, supplies, cleaning, etc.). The&#xD;
      opposite would be difficult to explain. However, the key question is not the number of&#xD;
      professionals who have been emotionally affected as a result of their care work, a&#xD;
      circumstance that is aggravated in this crisis but is inherent to the work they do, but&#xD;
      rather how many are unable to recover, how their resilience is evolving or to what extent&#xD;
      they are able to cope with a possible new outbreak.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Most studies have analysed the emotional responses in a short period of time (approximately&#xD;
      one week) coinciding with a specific stage of the crisis. However, studies on community&#xD;
      coping with catastrophic situations have described that the psychological response evolves&#xD;
      over time resulting in: impact phase, heroic (intensification of efforts), honeymoon&#xD;
      (optimism), disillusionment (fatigue) and restoration (recovery pre-crisis levels).&#xD;
      Therefore, it is expected that the effects of the pandemic on the psychological and emotional&#xD;
      well-being of health professionals will vary as the pandemic evolves.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">April 1, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">December 30, 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 30, 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Cohort</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Prevalence of Acute Stress</measure>
    <time_frame>15 days</time_frame>
    <description>Prevalence of acute stress using the Acute Stress Scale (EASE Scale) among healthcare personnel in the front-line caring for COVID-19 patients.&#xD;
Score values range from 0 to 30. 0-9 points, good emotional adjustment; 10-14 points, emotional distress; 15-24 points, medium-high emotional overload; &gt; 25 points, extreme acute stress.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>2</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Actual">1800</enrollment>
  <condition>Acute Stress Disorder</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Group 1</arm_group_label>
    <description>Online survery to healtcare personnel and other professionals in the front-line from Col, Bra and Ec.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Group 2</arm_group_label>
    <description>Online survery to healtcare personnel and other professionals in the front-line from Col, Bra, Ch and Ec.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Online survey</intervention_name>
    <description>Online survey including questions related to PPE availability, perceptions, emotions and EASE scale (Acute Stress Scale).</description>
    <arm_group_label>Group 1</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Group 2</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        Healthcare personnel in the front line of exposure to suspicious and confirmed cases of&#xD;
        COVID-19 and healthcare support personnel (administrative assistants, cleaning or security&#xD;
        personnel) of these services and units, such as Emergency and Primary Health Care Services,&#xD;
        Internal Medicine, Critical Care and Resuscitation, Intermediate Care and any other area&#xD;
        designated for the care of such cases.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Healthcare professionals, other professionals working in the front-line of COVID-19.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Jose J Mira, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy</name>
      <address>
        <city>Buenos Aires</city>
        <country>Argentina</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile</name>
      <address>
        <city>Santiago</city>
        <country>Chile</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Universidad de Santander</name>
      <address>
        <city>Bucaramanga</city>
        <state>Santander</state>
        <country>Colombia</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil</name>
      <address>
        <city>Guayaquil</city>
        <state>Guayas</state>
        <country>Ecuador</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche</name>
      <address>
        <city>Elche</city>
        <state>Alicante</state>
        <zip>03202</zip>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Argentina</country>
    <country>Chile</country>
    <country>Colombia</country>
    <country>Ecuador</country>
    <country>Spain</country>
  </location_countries>
  <link>
    <url>https://secondvictimscovid19.umh.es/p/home.html</url>
    <description>Be+ Against COVID Second Victims working group website</description>
  </link>
  <link>
    <url>https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-39710/v1</url>
    <description>EASE Scale pre-print</description>
  </link>
  <reference>
    <citation>Auxemery Y. Treatment of post-traumatic psychiatric disorders: A continuum of immediate, post-immediate and follow-up care mediated by specific psychotherapeutic principles. Clinical experience in French-speaking countries. Encephale. 2018 Nov;44(5):403-408. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2018.02.003. Epub 2018 Jun 8.</citation>
    <PMID>29887301</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang L, He L, Sheng C, Cai Y, Li X, Wang J, Zhang Z. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Apr;7(4):e15-e16. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X. Epub 2020 Feb 19. No abstract available. Erratum In: Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 May;7(5):e27.</citation>
    <PMID>32085839</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Everly GS Jr, Mitchell JT. The debriefing &quot;controversy&quot; and crisis intervention: a review of lexical and substantive issues. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2000 Fall;2(4):211-25.</citation>
    <PMID>11217152</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, Wang Y, Hu J, Lai J, Ma X, Chen J, Guan L, Wang G, Ma H, Liu Z. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;7(3):e14. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X. Epub 2020 Feb 5. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>32035030</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Khalid I, Khalid TJ, Qabajah MR, Barnard AG, Qushmaq IA. Healthcare Workers Emotions, Perceived Stressors and Coping Strategies During a MERS-CoV Outbreak. Clin Med Res. 2016 Mar;14(1):7-14. doi: 10.3121/cmr.2016.1303. Epub 2016 Feb 4.</citation>
    <PMID>26847480</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Li W, Yang Y, Liu ZH, Zhao YJ, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Cheung T, Xiang YT. Progression of Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China. Int J Biol Sci. 2020 Mar 15;16(10):1732-1738. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45120. eCollection 2020.</citation>
    <PMID>32226291</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mira JJ, Carrillo I, Guilabert M, Lorenzo S, Perez-Perez P, Silvestre C, Ferrus L; Spanish Second Victim Research Team. The Second Victim Phenomenon After a Clinical Error: The Design and Evaluation of a Website to Reduce Caregivers' Emotional Responses After a Clinical Error. J Med Internet Res. 2017 Jun 8;19(6):e203. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7840.</citation>
    <PMID>28596148</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mira JJ, Carrillo I, Lorenzo S, Ferrus L, Silvestre C, Perez-Perez P, Olivera G, Iglesias F, Zavala E, Maderuelo-Fernandez JA, Vitaller J, Nuno-Solinis R, Astier P; Research Group on Second and Third Victims. The aftermath of adverse events in Spanish primary care and hospital health professionals. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015 Apr 9;15:151. doi: 10.1186/s12913-015-0790-7.</citation>
    <PMID>25886369</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mitchell JT. Innovative, precise, and descriptive terms for group crisis support services: a United Nations initiative. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2007 Fall;9(4):247-52.</citation>
    <PMID>18459528</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Scott SD, Hirschinger LE, Cox KR, McCoig M, Hahn-Cover K, Epperly KM, Phillips EC, Hall LW. Caring for our own: deploying a systemwide second victim rapid response team. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2010 May;36(5):233-40. doi: 10.1016/s1553-7250(10)36038-7.</citation>
    <PMID>20480757</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, Fan B, Kong J, Yao Z, Liu X, Fuller CJ, Susser E, Lu J, Hoven CW. The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Can J Psychiatry. 2009 May;54(5):302-11. doi: 10.1177/070674370905400504.</citation>
    <PMID>19497162</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, Ng CH. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;7(3):228-229. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8. Epub 2020 Feb 4. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>32032543</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>September 2022</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>July 23, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 23, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 24, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>September 16, 2022</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>September 16, 2022</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 19, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>José Joaquín Mira</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>PhD</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>COVID-19</keyword>
  <keyword>Healthcare Personnel</keyword>
  <keyword>Mental Health</keyword>
  <keyword>Acute stress</keyword>
  <keyword>Hospitals</keyword>
  <keyword>Primary care</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>COVID-19</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04486404
org study id: 08/04/2020
nct id: NCT04486404
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The pressure on care and the demand for critical decision-making generated by the current
      SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, together with the situation of extreme social alarm and the
      adverse conditions in which care work must be promoted at this time, draw an extreme scenario
      in which action is urgently needed to alleviate emotional overload, acute stress reactions
      and other affective pathologies or psychosomatic reactions that may eventually lead to
      post-traumatic stress situations. This eventuality is being observed massively among
      professionals from different groups and levels of responsibility.

      In the case of healthcare personnel, it should be added that the care of non-COVID19 patients
      (of all pathologies and conditions) is clearly compromised and it is up to the professionals
      as a whole to make critical decisions and exercise a professional practice that is radically
      different from what has usually been done, which may require the application of undesirable
      triage criteria that are difficult for everyone to assume.

      Healthcare professionals and other essential personnel for healthcare and social-healthcare
      work (including personnel from external companies) are being subjected to emotional tensions
      and extraordinary, high-intensity work demands. Without professionals who feel supported and
      with moral strength, care will be even more compromised.

      The current scenario makes us think of many critical situations that are occurring as a
      result of the overload experienced. It is essential to act in order to counteract the
      devastating effect of this health crisis on health professionals and those who support them
      in their care work.
Coronavirus 2019 disease - of recent appearance - has become a global public health problem
      due to its rapid spread, since 11 March declared by WHO as a pandemic. It represents a real
      challenge for health systems, which at first lack information to organize the response to
      this situation, effective treatments to combat this lethal infection and with health
      personnel lacking the necessary security in their daily work to minimize the risk of
      contagion. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused, up to July 21, more than 609,000 deaths
      worldwide, 28,422 in Spain. The number of professionals suffering from COVID-19 is high. In
      Spain it accounts for more than 20% of the total number of people infected.

      In this way, health professionals have been taking on a notable role without hardly any
      intention of doing so. Situations of constant uncertainty and emotional distress have posed a
      risk to patients and to the quality of care, making health professionals the second most
      affected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), which also requires special biosecurity and protection
      measures.

      In a global survey, 52% of the 2711 health workers included reported that at least 1 standard
      PPE piece was out of stock. For example, in the United States, the Food and Drug
      Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have taken several steps to
      optimize the use of PPE due to its scarcity. Although professionals in Germany consider that
      they have been well prepared for the pandemic, there are substantial differences in the
      availability of PPE depending on the health professional and the setting (outpatient or acute
      care hospitals). In Spain, 54% of primary health care workers reported that they were not
      adequately trained to use PPE. No similar studies we found in the local context of South
      American countries.

      Although the incidence of the pandemic has expanded differently in different geographical
      areas of each country, most hospitals and health centres around the world have had to
      reorganise themselves to prioritise the care of COVID-19 patients, breaking with their usual
      work dynamics. To this cause of work stress must be added the uncertainty in which decisions
      have had to be made and the lack of resources both to treat patients adequately and to
      protect against possible contagion. Reactions of compassionate fatigue, post-traumatic
      stress, and moral damage have been observed among health professionals, which has depended on
      the expansion of the pandemic, available means, and individual differences in stress
      response.

      These types of responses and reactions to this crisis are natural and affect all staff and
      all professional levels, including care support staff (IT, supplies, cleaning, etc.). The
      opposite would be difficult to explain. However, the key question is not the number of
      professionals who have been emotionally affected as a result of their care work, a
      circumstance that is aggravated in this crisis but is inherent to the work they do, but
      rather how many are unable to recover, how their resilience is evolving or to what extent
      they are able to cope with a possible new outbreak.

      Most studies have analysed the emotional responses in a short period of time (approximately
      one week) coinciding with a specific stage of the crisis. However, studies on community
      coping with catastrophic situations have described that the psychological response evolves
      over time resulting in: impact phase, heroic (intensification of efforts), honeymoon
      (optimism), disillusionment (fatigue) and restoration (recovery pre-crisis levels).
      Therefore, it is expected that the effects of the pandemic on the psychological and emotional
      well-being of health professionals will vary as the pandemic evolves.
observational model: Cohort
time perspective: Prospective
measure: Prevalence of Acute Stress
time frame: 15 days
description: Prevalence of acute stress using the Acute Stress Scale (EASE Scale) among healthcare personnel in the front-line caring for COVID-19 patients.
Score values range from 0 to 30. 0-9 points, good emotional adjustment; 10-14 points, emotional distress; 15-24 points, medium-high emotional overload; > 25 points, extreme acute stress.
arm group label: Group 1
description: Online survery to healtcare personnel and other professionals in the front-line from Col, Bra and Ec.
arm group label: Group 2
description: Online survery to healtcare personnel and other professionals in the front-line from Col, Bra, Ch and Ec.
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Online survey
description: Online survey including questions related to PPE availability, perceptions, emotions and EASE scale (Acute Stress Scale).
arm group label: Group 1
arm group label: Group 2
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Jose J Mira, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
facility: 
facility: 
facility: 
facility: 
facility: 
country: Argentina
country: Chile
country: Colombia
country: Ecuador
country: Spain
url: https://secondvictimscovid19.umh.es/p/home.html
description: Be+ Against COVID Second Victims working group website
url: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-39710/v1
description: EASE Scale pre-print
citation: Auxemery Y. Treatment of post-traumatic psychiatric disorders: A continuum of immediate, post-immediate and follow-up care mediated by specific psychotherapeutic principles. Clinical experience in French-speaking countries. Encephale. 2018 Nov;44(5):403-408. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2018.02.003. Epub 2018 Jun 8.
PMID: 29887301
citation: Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang L, He L, Sheng C, Cai Y, Li X, Wang J, Zhang Z. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Apr;7(4):e15-e16. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X. Epub 2020 Feb 19. No abstract available. Erratum In: Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 May;7(5):e27.
PMID: 32085839
citation: Everly GS Jr, Mitchell JT. The debriefing "controversy" and crisis intervention: a review of lexical and substantive issues. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2000 Fall;2(4):211-25.
PMID: 11217152
citation: Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, Wang Y, Hu J, Lai J, Ma X, Chen J, Guan L, Wang G, Ma H, Liu Z. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;7(3):e14. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X. Epub 2020 Feb 5. No abstract available.
PMID: 32035030
citation: Khalid I, Khalid TJ, Qabajah MR, Barnard AG, Qushmaq IA. Healthcare Workers Emotions, Perceived Stressors and Coping Strategies During a MERS-CoV Outbreak. Clin Med Res. 2016 Mar;14(1):7-14. doi: 10.3121/cmr.2016.1303. Epub 2016 Feb 4.
PMID: 26847480
citation: Li W, Yang Y, Liu ZH, Zhao YJ, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Cheung T, Xiang YT. Progression of Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Outbreak in China. Int J Biol Sci. 2020 Mar 15;16(10):1732-1738. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45120. eCollection 2020.
PMID: 32226291
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PMID: 32032543
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
investigator full name: José Joaquín Mira
investigator title: PhD
mesh term: COVID-19
mesh term: Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute
sharing ipd: Undecided