<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04475055</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>2014-149</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04475055</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Reliability and Validity of the DIPS (Structured Interview) in a Community Sample</brief_title>
  <official_title>Reliability and Validity of the DIPS (Diagnostisches Interview Bei Psychischen Störungen; a Structured Interview to Assess Psychological Disorders) in a Community Sample</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Ruhr University of Bochum</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Ruhr University of Bochum</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The DIPS (Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen) is a structured interview to&#xD;
      assess a variety of the most frequent psychological disorders. Its reliability and validity&#xD;
      has been studied in clinical samples. Since structured interviews are also used in&#xD;
      non-clinical samples like epidemiological research the investigators would like to conduct a&#xD;
      study in a community sample to test the interview's reliability, validity and acceptance.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The DIPS (Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen) is a structured interview to&#xD;
      assess a variety of the most frequent psychological disorders. Its reliability and validity&#xD;
      has been demonstrated in clinical samples. Also, studies have tested patients' and&#xD;
      therapist's acceptance of the interview. Since structured interviews are also used in&#xD;
      non-clinical samples like epidemiological research the investigators would like to conduct a&#xD;
      study in a community sample to test the interview's reliability, validity and acceptance in&#xD;
      this population (study aim 1). The investigators also plan to compare positive mental health&#xD;
      and affective styles of the subsample of participants with no current or lifetime mental&#xD;
      health illness to patients from the local outpatient treatment center at the Ruhr-University&#xD;
      Bochum, who all reported at least one current mental illness (study aim 2). If the&#xD;
      researchers obtain enough participants with no current mental health problem, but a history&#xD;
      of at least one mental health illness, they will be included in the analysis for study aim 2&#xD;
      as well.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Since the data collection takes place during the Corona pandemic, participants will also be&#xD;
      asked to give information about how they are affected, about their living situation and their&#xD;
      media use over the course of half a year to describe the sample and to determine the impact&#xD;
      of these factors on the incidence and course of mental illness (study aim 3).&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 5, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">May 10, 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">May 10, 2021</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Ecologic or Community</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Affective Styles Questionnaire (ASQ, Hofmann &amp; Kashdan, 2010)</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>A 20-item scale measuring the three affective styles concealing, adjusting, and tolerating, on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from (1) = &quot;not true of me at all&quot; to (5) = &quot;extremely true of me&quot;. Higher scores indicate a stronger tendency towards concealing, adjusting and tolerating respectively.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Affective Styles Questionnaire (ASQ, Hofmann &amp; Kashdan, 2010)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months</time_frame>
    <description>A 20-item scale measuring the three affective styles concealing, adjusting, and tolerating, on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from (1) = &quot;not true of me at all&quot; to (5) = &quot;extremely true of me&quot;. Higher scores indicate a stronger tendency towards concealing, adjusting and tolerating respectively.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Affective Styles Questionnaire (ASQ, Hofmann &amp; Kashdan, 2010)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 6 months</time_frame>
    <description>A 20-item scale measuring the three affective styles concealing, adjusting, and tolerating, on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from (1) = &quot;not true of me at all&quot; to (5) = &quot;extremely true of me&quot;.Higher scores indicate a stronger tendency towards concealing, adjusting and tolerating respectively.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 1 month</time_frame>
    <description>The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 2 months</time_frame>
    <description>The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months</time_frame>
    <description>The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 5 months</time_frame>
    <description>The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 6 months</time_frame>
    <description>The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH; Lukat et al., 2016)</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>A brief 9-item scale that assesses positive mental health on a 4-point likert scale. Higher scores indicating positive mental heath.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH; Lukat et al., 2016)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months</time_frame>
    <description>A brief 9-item scale that assesses positive mental health on a 4-point likert scale. Higher scores indicating positive mental heath.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH; Lukat et al., 2016)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 6 months</time_frame>
    <description>A brief 9-item scale that assesses positive mental health on a 4-point likert scale. Higher scores indicating positive mental heath.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Acceptance of the interview (Bruchmüller et al., 2009)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>A 10-item scale that assesses the participants acceptance of the DIPS on a 5-point likert scale. Higher scores indicate higher acceptance.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Family Climate Scale (FCS)</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>The FCS is a multilevel, self-report, whole-family index of aspects of family culture and process for use in nonclinical settings with families where the children may be adults. The questionnaire consists of a 60- items (10- items per subscale) on a ﬁve-point Likert-type responseformat, each including at least four reverse-codeditems, to guard against response set. Higher Scores indicate better family functioning.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Therapeutisch Relevante Belastungsliste (TRB; reasons for therapy)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>A 29- Item scale assessing the reasons behind a participants wish to receive psychotherapy. Higher scores indicate a higher need for therapy.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>The Fear Questionnaire - Der Angstfragebogen (FQ; Hank et al., 1990)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>A 15- item questionnaire measuring the extent to which specific situations are avoided in order to measure the level of anxiety. Higher scores indicate more severe avoidance/ fear .</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>The Agoraphobia Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ; Ehlers et al., 1993),</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>A 15- item questionnaire that assesses fear related cognitions. Higher scores indicate higher levels of fear related cognitions.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia (MI; Chambless et al., 1985)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>A 27-item inventory for the measurement of self-reported agoraphobic avoidance behavior and frequency of panic attacks with higher scores indicating more severe avoidance and a higher frequency of panic attacks.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ; Chambless et al., 1984),</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>A 17-item questionnaire to measure the extent of anxiety in psychosomatic or functional complaints and non-organic somatic symptoms. A 5-point scale is used to assess the extent to which the symptom in question is causing fear or worry with 5 indicating more severe worries/ sensations.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Beck-Depression-Inventory-II (BDI-II; Hautzinger et al., 2006)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>A 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory for measuring the severity of depression. Each answer is being scored on a scale value of 0 to 3. Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Fragebogen zu Gedanken und Gefühlen (FGG; questionnaire assessing thoughts and feelings; Renneberg et al., 2010)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>A 14- item screening tool for borderline-specific thinking. A high value is synonymous with a high level of approval for the individual items of the FGG.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ; Osman et al., 2001)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>The SBQ-R is designed to identify risk factors for suicide. Its based on four questions. A total score of 7 and higher in the general population and a total score of 8 and higher in patients with psychiatric disorders indicates significant risk of suicidal behavior.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q; Mond et al., 2006)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>The 28- item questionnaire is designed to assess eating disorder psychopathology. The EDE-Q is scored using a 7-point, forced-choice rating scale (0-6) with scores of 4 or higher indicative of clinical range.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Exzessives Computerspielen und Computerspielabhängigkeit im Jugendalter (excessive video game playing and video game addiction in adolescence; KFN-CSAS-II; Rehbein et al., 2009))</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>A14- item questionnaire, that assesses online gaming behaviour. A total value is determined for all items with which the severity of the symptom burden can be assessed.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>LAST - Lübecker Alkoholabhängigkeit- und -missbrauch-Screening-Test (screening for alcohol dependency and abuse; Rumpf et al., 2001)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>The last is a short, sensitive screening test for the detection of alcohol addiction and abuse. It contains 7 items, to be answered with &quot;yes&quot; or &quot;no&quot;. A sum of 2 or more points indicates alcohol abuse or alcohol addiction.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PWQ; Glöckner-Rist et al., 2014) Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>A 16-item questionnaire, that identifies excessive, unrealistic worries as the central cognitive syndrome of generalized anxiety disorder.Items are rated on a five-point scale: 1-Not at all typical of me to 5-Very typical of me. Possible range of scores is 16-80 with the algorithm of total scores: 16-39 low worry, 40-59 moderate worry, and 60-80 high worry.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al., 1994).</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>Its an inventory based on a 4-point Likert scale and consists of 40 questions measuring state and trait anxiety. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Whiteley-Index (WI; Hinz et al., 2003)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>An instrument for measuring hypochondria. Hypochondrical worries and beliefs are assessed with 14 items with higher scores indicating more severe hypochondria.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; Buysse et al., 1989)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>The PSQI measures sleep quality on a 10-item scale.Higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5; Belvins et al., 2015)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. A provisional PTSD diagnosis can be made by treating each item rated as 2 = &quot;Moderately&quot; or higher as a symptom endorsed, then following the DSM-5 diagnostic rule which requires at least: 1 B item (questions 1-5), 1 C item (questions 6-7), 2 D items (questions 8-14), 2 E items (questions 15-20).</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R; Hessel et al., 2001)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>Nine scales (10 questions per scale) (somatization, compulsiveness, insecurity in social contact, depression, anxiety, aggressiveness / hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid thinking, psychoticism) and three global parameters (GSI, PSDI, PST) assess the psychological stress in the past seven days. It is scored on a five-point Likert scale, indicating the rate of occurrence of the symptom during the time reference. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Balanced Inventory of desireable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus; 1991)</measure>
    <time_frame>after 4 months (after the interview)</time_frame>
    <description>The questionnaire consists of two scales with 10 items each measuring two aspects of social desirability: self- deceptive enhancement and impression management. On a 7-point likert scale (from &quot;1 = does not apply at all&quot; to &quot;7 = applies fully&quot;) it is assessed to what extent participants agree or disagree with the statements with higher scores representing social desirability.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>1</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Actual">143</enrollment>
  <condition>Psychological Disease</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Community sample</arm_group_label>
    <description>Participants will take part in the DIPS-interview and in an online survey.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Diagnostic Test</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen (DIPS)</intervention_name>
    <description>The DIPS is a structured interview which assesses the most frequent psychological disorders. It can be delivered by trained clinicians and takes between 50-120 minutes. Its acceptance with patients is very good.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Community sample</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        All adults who are willing to complete the structured interview and the questionnaires of&#xD;
        the online-survey are allowed to take part in the study.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  sufficient knowledge of the German language&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  none&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Silvia Schneider, Prof.</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Ruhr-University Bochum</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Ruhr-University</name>
      <address>
        <city>Bochum</city>
        <state>North-Rhine Westphalia</state>
        <zip>44780</zip>
        <country>Germany</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Germany</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>November 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>July 14, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 14, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 17, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>November 29, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>November 29, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">November 30, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Ruhr University of Bochum</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Ruth von Brachel</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Principal Investigator</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>clinical interview</keyword>
  <keyword>community sample</keyword>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04475055
org study id: 2014-149
nct id: NCT04475055
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The DIPS (Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen) is a structured interview to
      assess a variety of the most frequent psychological disorders. Its reliability and validity
      has been studied in clinical samples. Since structured interviews are also used in
      non-clinical samples like epidemiological research the investigators would like to conduct a
      study in a community sample to test the interview's reliability, validity and acceptance.
The DIPS (Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen) is a structured interview to
      assess a variety of the most frequent psychological disorders. Its reliability and validity
      has been demonstrated in clinical samples. Also, studies have tested patients' and
      therapist's acceptance of the interview. Since structured interviews are also used in
      non-clinical samples like epidemiological research the investigators would like to conduct a
      study in a community sample to test the interview's reliability, validity and acceptance in
      this population (study aim 1). The investigators also plan to compare positive mental health
      and affective styles of the subsample of participants with no current or lifetime mental
      health illness to patients from the local outpatient treatment center at the Ruhr-University
      Bochum, who all reported at least one current mental illness (study aim 2). If the
      researchers obtain enough participants with no current mental health problem, but a history
      of at least one mental health illness, they will be included in the analysis for study aim 2
      as well.

      Since the data collection takes place during the Corona pandemic, participants will also be
      asked to give information about how they are affected, about their living situation and their
      media use over the course of half a year to describe the sample and to determine the impact
      of these factors on the incidence and course of mental illness (study aim 3).
observational model: Ecologic or Community
time perspective: Prospective
measure: Affective Styles Questionnaire (ASQ, Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010)
time frame: Baseline
description: A 20-item scale measuring the three affective styles concealing, adjusting, and tolerating, on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from (1) = "not true of me at all" to (5) = "extremely true of me". Higher scores indicate a stronger tendency towards concealing, adjusting and tolerating respectively.
measure: Affective Styles Questionnaire (ASQ, Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010)
time frame: after 4 months
description: A 20-item scale measuring the three affective styles concealing, adjusting, and tolerating, on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from (1) = "not true of me at all" to (5) = "extremely true of me". Higher scores indicate a stronger tendency towards concealing, adjusting and tolerating respectively.
measure: Affective Styles Questionnaire (ASQ, Hofmann & Kashdan, 2010)
time frame: after 6 months
description: A 20-item scale measuring the three affective styles concealing, adjusting, and tolerating, on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from (1) = "not true of me at all" to (5) = "extremely true of me".Higher scores indicate a stronger tendency towards concealing, adjusting and tolerating respectively.
measure: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)
time frame: baseline
description: The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.
measure: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)
time frame: after 1 month
description: The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.
measure: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)
time frame: after 2 months
description: The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.
measure: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)
time frame: after 3 months
description: The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.
measure: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)
time frame: after 4 months
description: The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.
measure: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)
time frame: after 5 months
description: The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.
measure: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21; Nilges et al., 2015)
time frame: after 6 months
description: The DASS-21 is a 21-item scale that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress on a 4- point severity/ frequency scale with higher scores indicating more severe depression, stress, and anxiety respectively.
measure: Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH; Lukat et al., 2016)
time frame: baseline
description: A brief 9-item scale that assesses positive mental health on a 4-point likert scale. Higher scores indicating positive mental heath.
measure: Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH; Lukat et al., 2016)
time frame: after 4 months
description: A brief 9-item scale that assesses positive mental health on a 4-point likert scale. Higher scores indicating positive mental heath.
measure: Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH; Lukat et al., 2016)
time frame: after 6 months
description: A brief 9-item scale that assesses positive mental health on a 4-point likert scale. Higher scores indicating positive mental heath.
measure: Acceptance of the interview (Bruchmüller et al., 2009)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: A 10-item scale that assesses the participants acceptance of the DIPS on a 5-point likert scale. Higher scores indicate higher acceptance.
measure: Family Climate Scale (FCS)
time frame: Baseline
description: The FCS is a multilevel, self-report, whole-family index of aspects of family culture and process for use in nonclinical settings with families where the children may be adults. The questionnaire consists of a 60- items (10- items per subscale) on a ﬁve-point Likert-type responseformat, each including at least four reverse-codeditems, to guard against response set. Higher Scores indicate better family functioning.
measure: Therapeutisch Relevante Belastungsliste (TRB; reasons for therapy)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: A 29- Item scale assessing the reasons behind a participants wish to receive psychotherapy. Higher scores indicate a higher need for therapy.
measure: The Fear Questionnaire - Der Angstfragebogen (FQ; Hank et al., 1990)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: A 15- item questionnaire measuring the extent to which specific situations are avoided in order to measure the level of anxiety. Higher scores indicate more severe avoidance/ fear .
measure: The Agoraphobia Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ; Ehlers et al., 1993),
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: A 15- item questionnaire that assesses fear related cognitions. Higher scores indicate higher levels of fear related cognitions.
measure: Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia (MI; Chambless et al., 1985)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: A 27-item inventory for the measurement of self-reported agoraphobic avoidance behavior and frequency of panic attacks with higher scores indicating more severe avoidance and a higher frequency of panic attacks.
measure: Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ; Chambless et al., 1984),
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: A 17-item questionnaire to measure the extent of anxiety in psychosomatic or functional complaints and non-organic somatic symptoms. A 5-point scale is used to assess the extent to which the symptom in question is causing fear or worry with 5 indicating more severe worries/ sensations.
measure: Beck-Depression-Inventory-II (BDI-II; Hautzinger et al., 2006)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: A 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory for measuring the severity of depression. Each answer is being scored on a scale value of 0 to 3. Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms
measure: Fragebogen zu Gedanken und Gefühlen (FGG; questionnaire assessing thoughts and feelings; Renneberg et al., 2010)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: A 14- item screening tool for borderline-specific thinking. A high value is synonymous with a high level of approval for the individual items of the FGG.
measure: Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ; Osman et al., 2001)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: The SBQ-R is designed to identify risk factors for suicide. Its based on four questions. A total score of 7 and higher in the general population and a total score of 8 and higher in patients with psychiatric disorders indicates significant risk of suicidal behavior.
measure: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q; Mond et al., 2006)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: The 28- item questionnaire is designed to assess eating disorder psychopathology. The EDE-Q is scored using a 7-point, forced-choice rating scale (0-6) with scores of 4 or higher indicative of clinical range.
measure: Exzessives Computerspielen und Computerspielabhängigkeit im Jugendalter (excessive video game playing and video game addiction in adolescence; KFN-CSAS-II; Rehbein et al., 2009))
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: A14- item questionnaire, that assesses online gaming behaviour. A total value is determined for all items with which the severity of the symptom burden can be assessed.
measure: LAST - Lübecker Alkoholabhängigkeit- und -missbrauch-Screening-Test (screening for alcohol dependency and abuse; Rumpf et al., 2001)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: The last is a short, sensitive screening test for the detection of alcohol addiction and abuse. It contains 7 items, to be answered with "yes" or "no". A sum of 2 or more points indicates alcohol abuse or alcohol addiction.
measure: Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PWQ; Glöckner-Rist et al., 2014) Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: A 16-item questionnaire, that identifies excessive, unrealistic worries as the central cognitive syndrome of generalized anxiety disorder.Items are rated on a five-point scale: 1-Not at all typical of me to 5-Very typical of me. Possible range of scores is 16-80 with the algorithm of total scores: 16-39 low worry, 40-59 moderate worry, and 60-80 high worry.
measure: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al., 1994).
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: Its an inventory based on a 4-point Likert scale and consists of 40 questions measuring state and trait anxiety. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety.
measure: Whiteley-Index (WI; Hinz et al., 2003)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: An instrument for measuring hypochondria. Hypochondrical worries and beliefs are assessed with 14 items with higher scores indicating more severe hypochondria.
measure: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; Buysse et al., 1989)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: The PSQI measures sleep quality on a 10-item scale.Higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.
measure: PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5; Belvins et al., 2015)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. A provisional PTSD diagnosis can be made by treating each item rated as 2 = "Moderately" or higher as a symptom endorsed, then following the DSM-5 diagnostic rule which requires at least: 1 B item (questions 1-5), 1 C item (questions 6-7), 2 D items (questions 8-14), 2 E items (questions 15-20).
measure: Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R; Hessel et al., 2001)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: Nine scales (10 questions per scale) (somatization, compulsiveness, insecurity in social contact, depression, anxiety, aggressiveness / hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid thinking, psychoticism) and three global parameters (GSI, PSDI, PST) assess the psychological stress in the past seven days. It is scored on a five-point Likert scale, indicating the rate of occurrence of the symptom during the time reference. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms.
measure: Balanced Inventory of desireable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus; 1991)
time frame: after 4 months (after the interview)
description: The questionnaire consists of two scales with 10 items each measuring two aspects of social desirability: self- deceptive enhancement and impression management. On a 7-point likert scale (from "1 = does not apply at all" to "7 = applies fully") it is assessed to what extent participants agree or disagree with the statements with higher scores representing social desirability.
arm group label: Community sample
description: Participants will take part in the DIPS-interview and in an online survey.
intervention type: Diagnostic Test
intervention name: Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen (DIPS)
description: The DIPS is a structured interview which assesses the most frequent psychological disorders. It can be delivered by trained clinicians and takes between 50-120 minutes. Its acceptance with patients is very good.
arm group label: Community sample
study pop: 
sampling method: Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Silvia Schneider, Prof.
role: Study Director
affiliation: Ruhr-University Bochum
facility: 
country: Germany
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Ruhr University of Bochum
investigator full name: Ruth von Brachel
investigator title: Principal Investigator
sharing ipd: Undecided