<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04503941</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>UE of OA</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04503941</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Ultrasound Examination of Inguinal Lymph Node Used to Evaluate the Effect of Acupuncture on Knee Osteoarthritis</brief_title>
  <official_title>Ultrasound Examination of Inguinal Lymph Node and Knee Joint Slip Fluid Accumulation Was Used to Evaluate the Effect of Acupuncture on Knee Osteoarthritis</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a major public health problem among the elderly and is&#xD;
      associated with considerable disability. Previous studies on the pathogenesis of this disease&#xD;
      mainly focus on cartilage degeneration, but lack of attention to synovitis lesions, and even&#xD;
      believe that it is a secondary change in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.In recent years,&#xD;
      a large number of studies at home and abroad have pointed out that the occurrence and&#xD;
      development of knee osteoarthritis are accompanied by synovitis at each stage, and synovial&#xD;
      lesions may be the primary manifestation of knee osteoarthritis and affect the evolution of&#xD;
      knee osteoarthritis.To this end, some scholars proposed that synovitis lesions as a starting&#xD;
      point, may be a new target for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a major public health problem among the elderly and is&#xD;
      associated with considerable disability.Under normal circumstances, synovial fluid in the&#xD;
      knee joint cavity is absorbed by lymphatic vessels, and the balance of secretion and&#xD;
      absorption of synovial fluid in the knee joint is maintained by the lymphatic system.&#xD;
&#xD;
      When there is some kinds of injury of the knee joint synovial received cartilage stimulate,&#xD;
      stimulate the synovial vasodilation, synovial cell proliferation activity, produce a large&#xD;
      number of joint synovial fluid and secrete a large number of inflammatory liquid, lymphatic&#xD;
      metabolism disorder, make joint cavity inflammatory liquid secretion is greater than the&#xD;
      absorption, due to the repeated joint fluid absorption and secretion, articular synovial&#xD;
      hyperplasia gradually, eventually lost its normal function, a swelling in the knee joint, and&#xD;
      the content of inflammatory cytokines in joint fluid, obvious rise, stimulate the immersion&#xD;
      in the subchondral bone nerve pain in synovial fluid.In the formation of inflammatory&#xD;
      response, the pressure difference between the tissue fluid and the lymphatic vessels promotes&#xD;
      the increase of lymphatic reflux, while the input lymphatic vessels tend to converge to the&#xD;
      drainage lymph nodes in different regions.Therefore, the observation of changes in lymphatic&#xD;
      reflux is more conducive to the evaluation of synovial inflammation and the occurrence of&#xD;
      lymph node metastasis. Therefore, regional drainage lymph node metastasis can also be used as&#xD;
      an important biological indicator for the evaluation of prognosis and the formulation of&#xD;
      treatment strategies.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Acupuncture could be a promising treatment option for knee OA due to the effectiveness of the&#xD;
      pain relief and the rarity of adverse effects. In order to get some more reliable data to&#xD;
      confirm acupuncture effectiveness on KOA, a long-term follow up interventional study with&#xD;
      clear design, standard criteria, control group, will be started to confirm the effects of&#xD;
      long term for acupuncture treatment.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Enrolling by invitation</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 1, 2021</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">May 1, 2025</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">January 1, 2025</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>A total of 120 patients were enrolled and treated in either the sham-acupuncture (control group) or acupuncture group for 12 weeks, with 8 weeks' follow-up, three times per week.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
    <masking_description>Since the acupuncture and sham-acupuncture cannot be blind to the researchers, considering the placebo effect of the subjects, this experiment was blind only to the subjects, namely single-blind. But the researchers did not hint at the treatments received by the patients, and avoided various factors that may have led to bias during the trial.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Ribbens diagnostic criteria</measure>
    <time_frame>20 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Ribbens grading of intra-articular effusion in the ultrasonic knee joint.The thickness of &gt; LMM in the anechoic zone was judged to be joint effusion.&#xD;
Classification: level 0: no effusion; level I: small amount of effusion; level II: moderate amount of effusion; level III: large amount of effusion.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Alder blood flow indexing standard</measure>
    <time_frame>20 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Alder blood flow indexing standard for intra-articular effusion in knee joint by ultrasonic Blood flow classification of articular synovium: level 0: no blood flow signal was found in the synovium;Level I: a small amount of blood flow signals can be seen in the synovium, and the blood flow can be seen at points 1-2.Level II: moderate blood flow signal, 1 main blood vessel or 2-3 small blood vessels can be seen at the same time;Class III: rich blood flow, more than 4 blood vessels are visible, or the blood vessels are connected in a network.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Walther standard synovial thickness</measure>
    <time_frame>20 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Walther standard synovium thickness is divided into 4 grades, grade I: thickness &lt;2 mm;Class II: thickness 2-5 mm;Class III: thickness 5-9 mm;Class IV: thickness &gt; 9 mm.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Inguinal lymph node volume</measure>
    <time_frame>20 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Inguinal lymph node</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>ratio of length to diameter</measure>
    <time_frame>20 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Inguinal lymph node</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index</measure>
    <time_frame>20 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index for 20 weeks</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>VAS score</measure>
    <time_frame>20 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>VAS score assessed for 20 weeks.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Lequesne index</measure>
    <time_frame>20 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Lequesne index assessed for 20 weeks.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Six-minute walking test</measure>
    <time_frame>20 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Six-minute walking test for 20 weeks.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>SF-36 scale</measure>
    <time_frame>20 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Imaging inspection (MRI) assessed for 20 weeks.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">122</enrollment>
  <condition>Knee Osteoarthritis</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Active Comparator</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Acupuncture treatment will be the Traditional Chinese Medicine type. Acupuncture 3 times per week, 4 weeks is one treatment period. Every patient will be given 3 treatment period.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>The control group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>False Needle treatment will be the Traditional Chinese Medicine type. Acupuncture 3 times per week, 4 weeks is one treatment period. Every patient will be given 3 treatment period.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Acupuncture treatment</intervention_name>
    <description>Acupuncture treatment will be the Traditional Chinese Medicine type. Acupuncture 3 times per week, 4 weeks is one treatment period. Every patient will be given 3 treatment period.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Active Comparator</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>False Needle treatment</intervention_name>
    <description>False Needle treatment treatment will be the Traditional Chinese Medicine type. Acupuncture 3 times per week, 4 weeks is one treatment period. Every patient will be given 3 treatment period.</description>
    <arm_group_label>The control group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. Patients who meet the western medicine diagnostic criteria of knee osteoarthritis;&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. Aged between 50 and 75 years;&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. Patients in line with the 0-III level of radiological classification for knee&#xD;
             osteoarthritis degeneration;&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. Patients who did not use glucocorticoid via oral administration or intramuscular,&#xD;
             articular, or soft tissue injection four weeks before accepting the test agent;&#xD;
&#xD;
          5. Normal line of force;&#xD;
&#xD;
          6. Patients who signed the informed consent and ensured the compliance.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. Patients with long-term oral administration of agents for knee osteoarthritis, and&#xD;
             still in the drug effect period, without elution;&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. Patients with severe heart, brain, liver, kidney or lung dysfunction;&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. Patients with other knee diseases found in arthroscopic surgery;&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. Patients who have accepted other relevant treatments, which may affect the observation&#xD;
             on the effects of this study;&#xD;
&#xD;
          5. Patients with mental illness;&#xD;
&#xD;
          6. Patients with coagulation dysfunction;&#xD;
&#xD;
          7. Patients with articular surgical treatment;&#xD;
&#xD;
          8. Patients with a history of abuse of opioid analgesics, sedative hypnotics or alcohol;&#xD;
&#xD;
          9. Patients with poor compliance, who were unable to meet the requirements for follow-up.&#xD;
&#xD;
         10. Pregnant and lactating women.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>50 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>75 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Yongjun Wang, Ph.D, M.D</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Shanghai Longhua Hospital</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM</name>
      <address>
        <city>Shanghai</city>
        <state>Shanghai</state>
        <zip>200032</zip>
        <country>China</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>China</country>
  </location_countries>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Wang W, Lin X, Xu H, Sun W, Bouta EM, Zuscik MJ, Chen D, Schwarz EM, Xing L. Attenuated Joint Tissue Damage Associated With Improved Synovial Lymphatic Function Following Treatment With Bortezomib in a Mouse Model of Experimental Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Feb;71(2):244-257. doi: 10.1002/art.40696. Epub 2019 Jan 5.</citation>
    <PMID>30144298</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Ribbens C, Andre B, Marcelis S, Kaye O, Mathy L, Bonnet V, Beckers C, Malaise MG. Rheumatoid hand joint synovitis: gray-scale and power Doppler US quantifications following anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment: pilot study. Radiology. 2003 Nov;229(2):562-9. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2292020206. Epub 2003 Sep 11.</citation>
    <PMID>12970463</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Walther M, Harms H, Krenn V, Radke S, Faehndrich TP, Gohlke F. Correlation of power Doppler sonography with vascularity of the synovial tissue of the knee joint in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Feb;44(2):331-8. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200102)44:23.0.CO;2-0.</citation>
    <PMID>11229463</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Wauke K, Nagashima M, Ishiwata T, Asano G, Yoshino S. Expression and localization of vascular endothelial growth factor-C in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. J Rheumatol. 2002 Jan;29(1):34-8.</citation>
    <PMID>11824968</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Proulx ST, Kwok E, You Z, Papuga MO, Beck CA, Shealy DJ, Ritchlin CT, Awad HA, Boyce BF, Xing L, Schwarz EM. Longitudinal assessment of synovial, lymph node, and bone volumes in inflammatory arthritis in mice by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and microfocal computed tomography. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Dec;56(12):4024-37. doi: 10.1002/art.23128.</citation>
    <PMID>18050199</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Melo Mde O, Pompeo KD, Brodt GA, Baroni BM, da Silva Junior DP, Vaz MA. Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and low-level laser therapy on the muscle architecture and functional capacity in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2015 Jun;29(6):570-80. doi: 10.1177/0269215514552082. Epub 2014 Sep 26.</citation>
    <PMID>25261425</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Glimm AM, Werner SG, Burmester GR, Backhaus M, Ohrndorf S. Analysis of distribution and severity of inflammation in patients with osteoarthitis compared to rheumatoid arthritis by ICG-enhanced fluorescence optical imaging and musculoskeletal ultrasound: a pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Mar;75(3):566-70. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207345. Epub 2015 Aug 26.</citation>
    <PMID>26311723</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>March 2023</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>August 5, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 6, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 7, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>April 17, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>April 17, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">April 18, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Osteoarthritis</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Osteoarthritis, Knee</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Yes</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>available</ipd_description>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04503941
org study id: UE of OA
nct id: NCT04503941
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a major public health problem among the elderly and is
      associated with considerable disability. Previous studies on the pathogenesis of this disease
      mainly focus on cartilage degeneration, but lack of attention to synovitis lesions, and even
      believe that it is a secondary change in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.In recent years,
      a large number of studies at home and abroad have pointed out that the occurrence and
      development of knee osteoarthritis are accompanied by synovitis at each stage, and synovial
      lesions may be the primary manifestation of knee osteoarthritis and affect the evolution of
      knee osteoarthritis.To this end, some scholars proposed that synovitis lesions as a starting
      point, may be a new target for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a major public health problem among the elderly and is
      associated with considerable disability.Under normal circumstances, synovial fluid in the
      knee joint cavity is absorbed by lymphatic vessels, and the balance of secretion and
      absorption of synovial fluid in the knee joint is maintained by the lymphatic system.

      When there is some kinds of injury of the knee joint synovial received cartilage stimulate,
      stimulate the synovial vasodilation, synovial cell proliferation activity, produce a large
      number of joint synovial fluid and secrete a large number of inflammatory liquid, lymphatic
      metabolism disorder, make joint cavity inflammatory liquid secretion is greater than the
      absorption, due to the repeated joint fluid absorption and secretion, articular synovial
      hyperplasia gradually, eventually lost its normal function, a swelling in the knee joint, and
      the content of inflammatory cytokines in joint fluid, obvious rise, stimulate the immersion
      in the subchondral bone nerve pain in synovial fluid.In the formation of inflammatory
      response, the pressure difference between the tissue fluid and the lymphatic vessels promotes
      the increase of lymphatic reflux, while the input lymphatic vessels tend to converge to the
      drainage lymph nodes in different regions.Therefore, the observation of changes in lymphatic
      reflux is more conducive to the evaluation of synovial inflammation and the occurrence of
      lymph node metastasis. Therefore, regional drainage lymph node metastasis can also be used as
      an important biological indicator for the evaluation of prognosis and the formulation of
      treatment strategies.

      Acupuncture could be a promising treatment option for knee OA due to the effectiveness of the
      pain relief and the rarity of adverse effects. In order to get some more reliable data to
      confirm acupuncture effectiveness on KOA, a long-term follow up interventional study with
      clear design, standard criteria, control group, will be started to confirm the effects of
      long term for acupuncture treatment.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: A total of 120 patients were enrolled and treated in either the sham-acupuncture (control group) or acupuncture group for 12 weeks, with 8 weeks' follow-up, three times per week.
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Participant)
masking description: Since the acupuncture and sham-acupuncture cannot be blind to the researchers, considering the placebo effect of the subjects, this experiment was blind only to the subjects, namely single-blind. But the researchers did not hint at the treatments received by the patients, and avoided various factors that may have led to bias during the trial.
measure: Ribbens diagnostic criteria
time frame: 20 weeks
description: Ribbens grading of intra-articular effusion in the ultrasonic knee joint.The thickness of > LMM in the anechoic zone was judged to be joint effusion.
Classification: level 0: no effusion; level I: small amount of effusion; level II: moderate amount of effusion; level III: large amount of effusion.
measure: Alder blood flow indexing standard
time frame: 20 weeks
description: Alder blood flow indexing standard for intra-articular effusion in knee joint by ultrasonic Blood flow classification of articular synovium: level 0: no blood flow signal was found in the synovium;Level I: a small amount of blood flow signals can be seen in the synovium, and the blood flow can be seen at points 1-2.Level II: moderate blood flow signal, 1 main blood vessel or 2-3 small blood vessels can be seen at the same time;Class III: rich blood flow, more than 4 blood vessels are visible, or the blood vessels are connected in a network.
measure: Walther standard synovial thickness
time frame: 20 weeks
description: Walther standard synovium thickness is divided into 4 grades, grade I: thickness <2 mm;Class II: thickness 2-5 mm;Class III: thickness 5-9 mm;Class IV: thickness > 9 mm.
measure: Inguinal lymph node volume
time frame: 20 weeks
description: Inguinal lymph node
measure: ratio of length to diameter
time frame: 20 weeks
description: Inguinal lymph node
measure: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index
time frame: 20 weeks
description: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index for 20 weeks
measure: VAS score
time frame: 20 weeks
description: VAS score assessed for 20 weeks.
measure: Lequesne index
time frame: 20 weeks
description: Lequesne index assessed for 20 weeks.
measure: Six-minute walking test
time frame: 20 weeks
description: Six-minute walking test for 20 weeks.
measure: SF-36 scale
time frame: 20 weeks
description: Imaging inspection (MRI) assessed for 20 weeks.
arm group label: Active Comparator
arm group type: Experimental
description: Acupuncture treatment will be the Traditional Chinese Medicine type. Acupuncture 3 times per week, 4 weeks is one treatment period. Every patient will be given 3 treatment period.
arm group label: The control group
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: False Needle treatment will be the Traditional Chinese Medicine type. Acupuncture 3 times per week, 4 weeks is one treatment period. Every patient will be given 3 treatment period.
intervention type: Device
intervention name: Acupuncture treatment
description: Acupuncture treatment will be the Traditional Chinese Medicine type. Acupuncture 3 times per week, 4 weeks is one treatment period. Every patient will be given 3 treatment period.
arm group label: Active Comparator
intervention type: Device
intervention name: False Needle treatment
description: False Needle treatment treatment will be the Traditional Chinese Medicine type. Acupuncture 3 times per week, 4 weeks is one treatment period. Every patient will be given 3 treatment period.
arm group label: The control group
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 50 Years
maximum age: 75 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Yongjun Wang, Ph.D, M.D
role: Study Director
affiliation: Shanghai Longhua Hospital
facility: 
country: China
citation: Wang W, Lin X, Xu H, Sun W, Bouta EM, Zuscik MJ, Chen D, Schwarz EM, Xing L. Attenuated Joint Tissue Damage Associated With Improved Synovial Lymphatic Function Following Treatment With Bortezomib in a Mouse Model of Experimental Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Feb;71(2):244-257. doi: 10.1002/art.40696. Epub 2019 Jan 5.
PMID: 30144298
citation: Ribbens C, Andre B, Marcelis S, Kaye O, Mathy L, Bonnet V, Beckers C, Malaise MG. Rheumatoid hand joint synovitis: gray-scale and power Doppler US quantifications following anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment: pilot study. Radiology. 2003 Nov;229(2):562-9. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2292020206. Epub 2003 Sep 11.
PMID: 12970463
citation: Walther M, Harms H, Krenn V, Radke S, Faehndrich TP, Gohlke F. Correlation of power Doppler sonography with vascularity of the synovial tissue of the knee joint in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Feb;44(2):331-8. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200102)44:23.0.CO;2-0.
PMID: 11229463
citation: Wauke K, Nagashima M, Ishiwata T, Asano G, Yoshino S. Expression and localization of vascular endothelial growth factor-C in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. J Rheumatol. 2002 Jan;29(1):34-8.
PMID: 11824968
citation: Proulx ST, Kwok E, You Z, Papuga MO, Beck CA, Shealy DJ, Ritchlin CT, Awad HA, Boyce BF, Xing L, Schwarz EM. Longitudinal assessment of synovial, lymph node, and bone volumes in inflammatory arthritis in mice by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and microfocal computed tomography. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Dec;56(12):4024-37. doi: 10.1002/art.23128.
PMID: 18050199
citation: Melo Mde O, Pompeo KD, Brodt GA, Baroni BM, da Silva Junior DP, Vaz MA. Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and low-level laser therapy on the muscle architecture and functional capacity in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2015 Jun;29(6):570-80. doi: 10.1177/0269215514552082. Epub 2014 Sep 26.
PMID: 25261425
citation: Glimm AM, Werner SG, Burmester GR, Backhaus M, Ohrndorf S. Analysis of distribution and severity of inflammation in patients with osteoarthitis compared to rheumatoid arthritis by ICG-enhanced fluorescence optical imaging and musculoskeletal ultrasound: a pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Mar;75(3):566-70. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207345. Epub 2015 Aug 26.
PMID: 26311723
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Osteoarthritis
mesh term: Osteoarthritis, Knee
sharing ipd: Yes
ipd description: available