<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04497441</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>QassimU3</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04497441</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Netizens' Perception of COVID-19 Information &amp; Information Sources.</brief_title>
  <official_title>Perceptions of Netizens Regarding COVID-19 Information &amp; Information Sources: A Cross Sectional Study</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Qassim University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Qassim University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      COVID-19 Infection was characterized as a Pandemic by WHO on the 11th of March 2020.1 After&#xD;
      this there were all possible worldwide efforts to increase awareness in the general&#xD;
      population about the COVID-19 Infection signs, symptoms, mode of transmission and prevention.&#xD;
      The information was spread across all possible mass media communication channels. There were&#xD;
      constant updates regarding the data of newly infected cases, deaths, and recoveries. This&#xD;
      cross sectional study is conducted with the following objectives:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. To understand the netizens perception regarding the sources of information available on&#xD;
           COVID-19.&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. To understand the netizens populations perception regarding the available information on&#xD;
           COVID-19.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Mass media plays a significant role in public outreach and create awareness. Various mass&#xD;
      media has their individual reach to the general public. In the current world of information&#xD;
      technology availability of information is not an issue. There is in fact excessive&#xD;
      availability of information. What makes a big difference is that RIGHT information delivery&#xD;
      on RIGHT time and within RIGHT time. After WHO characterized COVID-19 infection as pandemic,&#xD;
      mass media played a significant role in creating awareness regarding COVID-19 infection&#xD;
      signs, symptoms, mode of transmission and its prevention. There were constant updates in&#xD;
      various mass media regarding the data of newly infected cases, deaths, and recoveries.&#xD;
      COVID-19 Pandemic has created fears, anxiety, and worries among the general population. There&#xD;
      was information given to general public regarding treatment drugs and possibility of vaccine&#xD;
      for COVID-19 infection. This created a ray of hope in many. So information in various mass&#xD;
      media sources had different types of impact on general population thoughts.&#xD;
&#xD;
      This cross sectional study is conducted with the following objectives:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. To understand the general populations perception regarding the sources of information&#xD;
           available on COVID-19.&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. To understand the general populations perception regarding the available information on&#xD;
           COVID-19.&#xD;
&#xD;
      This Cross sectional study utilizes an electronic google form to get responses from netizens&#xD;
      of Al Qassim province of Saudi Arabia regarding the perception of COVID-19 information and&#xD;
      information sources. All the questions in the survey are compulsory answerable questions. The&#xD;
      settings in the google form are set so that a single respondent can limit the survey response&#xD;
      to single time. The Survey Questionnaire contained following sections:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Section I: Minimum required personal details Section II: 10 Questions regarding the source of&#xD;
      COVID-19 information Section III: 6 Questions regarding perception of the COVID-19&#xD;
      information&#xD;
&#xD;
      The questionnaire also carried the following disclaimer:&#xD;
&#xD;
      &quot;This Survey will not Collect your Name, Email, Location, and Phone number. We pledge that&#xD;
      the data obtained by this survey is for Educational purpose &amp; scientific knowledge&#xD;
      enhancement only. The data will not be transferred or shared with any other third party for&#xD;
      commercial interest.&quot;&#xD;
&#xD;
      The very first part of the Questionnaires seeks responders' consent for giving responses to&#xD;
      the survey questions. participation Section II &amp; III contained all closed ended questions.&#xD;
      The Google form link is shared to the netizens of Al Qassim province across relevant Social&#xD;
      media platforms.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 10, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">August 15, 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">August 10, 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Other</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Netizens' perception of the Sources of COVID-19 information</measure>
    <time_frame>11th of August 2020</time_frame>
    <description>Assessing the perception regarding the Sources of COVID-19 information among netizens in Al Qassim province using a 10 open ended Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics will be used to present the data.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Netizens' perception on COVID-19 information</measure>
    <time_frame>11th of August 2020</time_frame>
    <description>Assessing the perception regarding COVID-19 information among netizens in Al Qassim province using a 6 open ended Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics will be used to present the data.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Correlation of Age and the Frequency of checking COVID-19 information updates</measure>
    <time_frame>11th of August 2020</time_frame>
    <description>The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Age and the Frequency of checking COVID-19 information updates. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of &lt;0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Correlation of Gender and the Frequency of checking COVID-19 information updates</measure>
    <time_frame>11th of August 2020</time_frame>
    <description>The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Gender and the Frequency of checking COVID-19 information updates. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of &lt;0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Correlation of Age and the perception of newly infected COVID-19 cases information update</measure>
    <time_frame>11th of August 2020</time_frame>
    <description>The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Age and the perception of newly infected COVID-19 cases information update. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of &lt;0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 deaths information update</measure>
    <time_frame>11th of August 2020</time_frame>
    <description>The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 deaths information update. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of &lt;0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 Vaccine information update</measure>
    <time_frame>11th of August 2020</time_frame>
    <description>The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 Vaccine information update. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of &lt;0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 treatment medicines/drugs information update</measure>
    <time_frame>11th of August 2020</time_frame>
    <description>The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 treatment medicines/drugs information update. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of &lt;0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>1</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">385</enrollment>
  <condition>Covid19</condition>
  <condition>Information Seeking Behavior</condition>
  <condition>Social Media</condition>
  <condition>Perception, Self</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Netizens</arm_group_label>
    <description>Internet users in Al Qassim province region are the target study population for this study. This Cross sectional study utilizes an electronic google form to get responses from netizens of Al Qassim province of Saudi Arabia regarding the perception of COVID-19 information and information sources. All the questions in the survey are compulsory answerable questions. The settings in the google form are set so that a single respondent can limit the survey response to single time. The Google form link is shared to the netizens of Al Qassim province across relevant Social media platforms.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Electronic Survey questionnaire</intervention_name>
    <description>This Cross sectional study utilizes an electronic google form to get responses from netizens of Al Qassim province of Saudi Arabia regarding the perception of COVID-19 information and information sources. All the questions in the survey are compulsory answerable questions. The settings in the google form are set so that a single respondent can limit the survey response to single time. The Survey Questionnaire contained following sections:&#xD;
Section I: Minimum required personal details Section II: 10 Questions regarding the source of COVID-19 information Section III: 6 Questions regarding perception of the COVID-19 information&#xD;
The very first part of the Questionnaires seeks responders' consent for giving responses to the survey questions. participation Section II &amp; III contained all closed ended questions. The Google form link is shared to the netizens of Al Qassim province across relevant Social media platforms.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Netizens</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        This online Observational Cross-sectional survey study is conducted to get responses from&#xD;
        the Al Qassim province region Internet users. They are the target study population for this&#xD;
        study. The Google form questionnaire survey link will be shared with the Dentists in&#xD;
        internet via Social Media &amp;/Or email to seek responses. The link will be available for&#xD;
        single response for a single respondent.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Male and Female Human volunteer internet users who belong &amp;/or reside in Al Qassim&#xD;
             province region of Saudi Arabia.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Volunteers should be major by age (18 years and above).&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Minor age group (&lt;18 years) subjects are excluded from the study.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Internet users who have preexisting phobia and/or anxiety mental conditions are&#xD;
             excluded from the study.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Internet users who are currently under treatment for their preexisting phobia and/or&#xD;
             anxiety mental conditions are excluded from the study.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>19 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Bugude Shiva Shankar, MDS</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>College of Applied Health Sciences - Al Rass</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Bugude Shiva Shankar, MDS</last_name>
    <phone>+966163020523</phone>
    <email>S.ggg@qu.edu.sa</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <overall_contact_backup>
    <last_name>Shiva Shankar Bugude, MDS</last_name>
    <phone>+966 531476028</phone>
    <email>S.ggg@qu.edu.sa</email>
  </overall_contact_backup>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Dr Bugude Shiva Shankar</name>
      <address>
        <city>Ar Rass</city>
        <state>Al Qassim</state>
        <zip>51921</zip>
        <country>Saudi Arabia</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Bugude Shiva Shankar, MDS</last_name>
      <phone>+966163020523</phone>
      <email>S.ggg@qu.edu.sa</email>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Saudi Arabia</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>August 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>August 1, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 2, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 4, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 2, 2020</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 2, 2020</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 4, 2020</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Qassim University</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Dr Shiva Shankar Bugude</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Assistant Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>COVID-19</keyword>
  <keyword>Information</keyword>
  <keyword>Information sources</keyword>
  <keyword>Netizens</keyword>
  <keyword>Perception</keyword>
  <keyword>Social media</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>COVID-19</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>The Research data will be available to the Principal Investigator. On requirement the data will be shared to whomsoever after consultation with the concerned higher authorities in the College of Applied Health sciences in Ar rass. The descriptive &amp; analytical data will be used for scientific publication.</ipd_description>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04497441
org study id: QassimU3
nct id: NCT04497441
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
COVID-19 Infection was characterized as a Pandemic by WHO on the 11th of March 2020.1 After
      this there were all possible worldwide efforts to increase awareness in the general
      population about the COVID-19 Infection signs, symptoms, mode of transmission and prevention.
      The information was spread across all possible mass media communication channels. There were
      constant updates regarding the data of newly infected cases, deaths, and recoveries. This
      cross sectional study is conducted with the following objectives:

        1. To understand the netizens perception regarding the sources of information available on
           COVID-19.

        2. To understand the netizens populations perception regarding the available information on
           COVID-19.
Mass media plays a significant role in public outreach and create awareness. Various mass
      media has their individual reach to the general public. In the current world of information
      technology availability of information is not an issue. There is in fact excessive
      availability of information. What makes a big difference is that RIGHT information delivery
      on RIGHT time and within RIGHT time. After WHO characterized COVID-19 infection as pandemic,
      mass media played a significant role in creating awareness regarding COVID-19 infection
      signs, symptoms, mode of transmission and its prevention. There were constant updates in
      various mass media regarding the data of newly infected cases, deaths, and recoveries.
      COVID-19 Pandemic has created fears, anxiety, and worries among the general population. There
      was information given to general public regarding treatment drugs and possibility of vaccine
      for COVID-19 infection. This created a ray of hope in many. So information in various mass
      media sources had different types of impact on general population thoughts.

      This cross sectional study is conducted with the following objectives:

        1. To understand the general populations perception regarding the sources of information
           available on COVID-19.

        2. To understand the general populations perception regarding the available information on
           COVID-19.

      This Cross sectional study utilizes an electronic google form to get responses from netizens
      of Al Qassim province of Saudi Arabia regarding the perception of COVID-19 information and
      information sources. All the questions in the survey are compulsory answerable questions. The
      settings in the google form are set so that a single respondent can limit the survey response
      to single time. The Survey Questionnaire contained following sections:

      Section I: Minimum required personal details Section II: 10 Questions regarding the source of
      COVID-19 information Section III: 6 Questions regarding perception of the COVID-19
      information

      The questionnaire also carried the following disclaimer:

      "This Survey will not Collect your Name, Email, Location, and Phone number. We pledge that
      the data obtained by this survey is for Educational purpose & scientific knowledge
      enhancement only. The data will not be transferred or shared with any other third party for
      commercial interest."

      The very first part of the Questionnaires seeks responders' consent for giving responses to
      the survey questions. participation Section II & III contained all closed ended questions.
      The Google form link is shared to the netizens of Al Qassim province across relevant Social
      media platforms.
observational model: Other
time perspective: Prospective
measure: Netizens' perception of the Sources of COVID-19 information
time frame: 11th of August 2020
description: Assessing the perception regarding the Sources of COVID-19 information among netizens in Al Qassim province using a 10 open ended Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics will be used to present the data.
measure: Netizens' perception on COVID-19 information
time frame: 11th of August 2020
description: Assessing the perception regarding COVID-19 information among netizens in Al Qassim province using a 6 open ended Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics will be used to present the data.
measure: Correlation of Age and the Frequency of checking COVID-19 information updates
time frame: 11th of August 2020
description: The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Age and the Frequency of checking COVID-19 information updates. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.
measure: Correlation of Gender and the Frequency of checking COVID-19 information updates
time frame: 11th of August 2020
description: The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Gender and the Frequency of checking COVID-19 information updates. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.
measure: Correlation of Age and the perception of newly infected COVID-19 cases information update
time frame: 11th of August 2020
description: The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Age and the perception of newly infected COVID-19 cases information update. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.
measure: Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 deaths information update
time frame: 11th of August 2020
description: The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 deaths information update. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.
measure: Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 Vaccine information update
time frame: 11th of August 2020
description: The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 Vaccine information update. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.
measure: Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 treatment medicines/drugs information update
time frame: 11th of August 2020
description: The survey data will be statistically analyzed to check for the Correlation of Age and the perception of COVID-19 treatment medicines/drugs information update. The data obtained from the survey will be subjected to appropriate analytical statistical tests to understand the correlation. A p-value of <0.05 is considered statistically significant correlation of the variables analysed.
arm group label: Netizens
description: Internet users in Al Qassim province region are the target study population for this study. This Cross sectional study utilizes an electronic google form to get responses from netizens of Al Qassim province of Saudi Arabia regarding the perception of COVID-19 information and information sources. All the questions in the survey are compulsory answerable questions. The settings in the google form are set so that a single respondent can limit the survey response to single time. The Google form link is shared to the netizens of Al Qassim province across relevant Social media platforms.
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Electronic Survey questionnaire
description: This Cross sectional study utilizes an electronic google form to get responses from netizens of Al Qassim province of Saudi Arabia regarding the perception of COVID-19 information and information sources. All the questions in the survey are compulsory answerable questions. The settings in the google form are set so that a single respondent can limit the survey response to single time. The Survey Questionnaire contained following sections:
Section I: Minimum required personal details Section II: 10 Questions regarding the source of COVID-19 information Section III: 6 Questions regarding perception of the COVID-19 information
The very first part of the Questionnaires seeks responders' consent for giving responses to the survey questions. participation Section II & III contained all closed ended questions. The Google form link is shared to the netizens of Al Qassim province across relevant Social media platforms.
arm group label: Netizens
study pop: 
sampling method: Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 19 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Bugude Shiva Shankar, MDS
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: College of Applied Health Sciences - Al Rass
last name: Bugude Shiva Shankar, MDS
phone: +966163020523
email: S.ggg@qu.edu.sa
last name: Shiva Shankar Bugude, MDS
phone: +966 531476028
email: S.ggg@qu.edu.sa
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
country: Saudi Arabia
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Qassim University
investigator full name: Dr Shiva Shankar Bugude
investigator title: Assistant Professor
mesh term: COVID-19
sharing ipd: Undecided
ipd description: The Research data will be available to the Principal Investigator. On requirement the data will be shared to whomsoever after consultation with the concerned higher authorities in the College of Applied Health sciences in Ar rass. The descriptive & analytical data will be used for scientific publication.