<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04425096</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>2018/066</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04425096</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>The Effect of Skin to Skin Contact on Postpartum Hemorrhage, Pain And Breastfeeding</brief_title>
  <official_title>The Effect of Skin to Skin Contact on Postpartum Hemorrhage, Pain And Breastfeeding: Randomized Controlled Trial</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The aim of this study was to determine the effect of postpartum hemorrhage, pain and onset of&#xD;
      early breastfeeding so that the skin applied at the third stage of birth is in contact with&#xD;
      the skin. Material and Method: The study was carried out as a randomized controlled&#xD;
      single-blind experimental study. The sample consists of 68 healthy mother and baby pairs.&#xD;
      Skin contact with mothers and babies in the experimental group will be applied for 34 minutes&#xD;
      immediately after birth. Routine care will be applied to the babies in the control group.&#xD;
      Data will be collected using Personal Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale, LATCH&#xD;
      Breastfeeding Diagnostic Scale, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, postpartum hemorrhage&#xD;
      follow-up bag, pad and oxytocin, ᵦ endorphine analysis results.&#xD;
&#xD;
      were collected using Personal Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale, LATCH Breastfeeding&#xD;
      Diagnostic Scale, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, postpartum bleeding follow-up bag, pad&#xD;
      and oxytocin, ᵦ endorphin analysis results.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Implementation of the Practice of the Study; In the standard practice of the delivery room&#xD;
      clinic, where the study was planned, babies are clamped as soon as they are born, and their&#xD;
      routine care (such as K vit and hepatitis B vaccine application) is taken under the radiant&#xD;
      heater. The skin contact can not be applied between the baby and the mother. After the baby&#xD;
      is cared, until the mother is transferred to the postpartum clinic, the baby is wrapped in a&#xD;
      clean cotton sterile cloth under a radiant heater in the baby room.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Routine care was applied to the babies of the control group mothers. No physical contact with&#xD;
      the babies of the control group mothers was performed, standard applications were applied in&#xD;
      the clinic (placing the baby under the radiant heater for clamping the umbilical cord as soon&#xD;
      as it was born, K-vit application, Hepatitis B vaccine application etc.).&#xD;
&#xD;
      As soon as the babies of the mothers in the experimental group were born, the babies were&#xD;
      placed in a prone position with skin contact on their mothers' bare belly. The baby was&#xD;
      gently dried, covered with a blanket and a beret was worn. The umbilical cord of the baby was&#xD;
      clamped late (approximately 1-3 minutes). The baby was kept in this position for 30 minutes&#xD;
      and then taken under the radiant heater for routine care.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Blood was collected from women in the experimental and control groups for the 1st and 30th&#xD;
      minutes after the birth of the baby for oxytocin and ᵦ endorphin analysis. After for both&#xD;
      groups, VAS was applied after 2nd and 6th hours after birth, LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment&#xD;
      and BSS were applied in 24th hour and 1 week later of the birth. Immediately after birth, a&#xD;
      postpartum hemorrhage follow-up bag was placed on the gynecological table and followed by a&#xD;
      bleeding bag until the mother got up from the gynecological table. When women were taken to&#xD;
      bed from gynecological table, bleeding was followed up with a perineal pad. Weights of pad&#xD;
      and mattress protections of women were weighed at 24 hours because normal women were&#xD;
      discharged at 24 hours after delivery.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">May 25, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">December 22, 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">September 25, 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Randomized controlled single-blind experimental study.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Oxytocin Analysis</measure>
    <time_frame>1 minute -30 minutes.</time_frame>
    <description>Oxytocin 1minute level</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>ᵦ endorphin Analysis</measure>
    <time_frame>1 minute -30 minutes.</time_frame>
    <description>ᵦ endorphin 1 minute</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>VAS (Visuel Analog Scale)</measure>
    <time_frame>2nd hour- 6 th hour</time_frame>
    <description>VAS is a commonly used measurement tool for determining the degree of pain. The patient is asked to mark his or her pain on a 10 cm ruler that writes painlessness (0) on one end and the most severe pain (10) on the other end</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool</measure>
    <time_frame>24th hour -1st week</time_frame>
    <description>LATCH (L: is for how well the infantlatches onto the breast, A: is for the amount of audibleswallowing noted, T: is for the mother's nipple type/condition, C: is for the mother's level of comfort, and H: isfor the amount of help the mother needs to hold her infant tothe breast) assessment tool is based on observations and descriptions of effective breastfeeding, evaluates five characteristics of breastfeeding .The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with the higherscore representing successful breastfeeding.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>24th hour -1st week</time_frame>
    <description>Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale; The 5-point Likert type scale consists of 14 items. Minimum 14 points, maximum 70 points can be obtained, and high scores indicate that breastfeeding selfefficacy is higher.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Postpartum Blood Bag</measure>
    <time_frame>24th hour</time_frame>
    <description>Immediately after birth, a postpartum hemorrhage follow-up bag was placed on the gynecological table and followed by a bleeding bag until the mother got up from the gynecological table.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Total Postpartum Blood Loss</measure>
    <time_frame>24th hour</time_frame>
    <description>Total Postpartum Blood Loss(postpartum blood bag +pad test ): Immediately after birth, a postpartum hemorrhage follow-up bag was placed on the gynecological table and followed by a bleeding bag until the mother got up from the gynecological table. When women were taken to bed from gynecological table, bleeding was followed up with a perineal pad. Weights of pad and mattress protections of women were weighed at 24 hours because normal women were discharged at 24 hours after delivery.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">64</enrollment>
  <condition>Skin to Skin Contact</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Skin to skin contact</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>The mothers and their babies in the experimental group received a 30-minute skin to skin contact immediately after birth (n:34)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Routine care</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>The babies in the control group received routine care (n:34)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Skin to skin contact</intervention_name>
    <description>Skin to skin contact</description>
    <arm_group_label>Skin to skin contact</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Women aged 18-35 years,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  having a single pregnancy,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  literate,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  between 37-42 gestational week,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  hemoglobin level of 10 g and above,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  without chronic, mental and psychological disease&#xD;
&#xD;
        Infants;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  without congenital anomalies,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  with a first Apgar score of 8 and above,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  birth weight between 2500 - 4000 g&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  no obstruction to oral feeding&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Induction practice,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  multiparity,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  any risky condition development in the mother and baby during or after birth&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Female</gender>
    <gender_based>Yes</gender_based>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>35 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Yasemin AYDIN KARTAL, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Saglık Bilimleri U</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Saglık Bilimleri Universitesi</name>
      <address>
        <city>Istanbul</city>
        <country>Turkey</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Turkey</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Alus Tokat, M. &amp; Okumuş, H. (2013). The Effect of Antenatal Training Based on Strengthening the Perception of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy on the Perception of Breastfeeding Self- Efficacy and Breastfeeding. Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 10, 21-29</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Annagür, B. &amp; Annagür, A. (2012). Relationship of Postpartum Mental Status with Breastfeeding. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 4, 279-292</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Çalısır, H., Karaçam, Z., Akgül, F.A. &amp; Kurnaz, D.A. (2009). Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Form of the Postpartum Parenting Behavior Scale. Journal of Atatürk University School of Nursing, 12, 1-8</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cong X, Ludington-Hoe SM, Hussain N, Cusson RM, Walsh S, Vazquez V, Briere CE, Vittner D. Parental oxytocin responses during skin-to-skin contact in pre-term infants. Early Hum Dev. 2015 Jul;91(7):401-6. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.04.012. Epub 2015 May 16.</citation>
    <PMID>25988992</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cooijmans KHM, Beijers R, Rovers AC, de Weerth C. Effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact versus care-as-usual in mothers and their full-term infants: study protocol for a parallel-group randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2017 Jul 6;17(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0906-9.</citation>
    <PMID>28683833</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Edwards HM. Aetiology and treatment of severe postpartum haemorrhage. Dan Med J. 2018 Mar;65(3):B5444.</citation>
    <PMID>29510809</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Essa R.M., İsmail N. &amp; İsmail A. (2015). Effect of Early Maternal/Newborn Skin-To- Skin Contact After Birth On The Duration Of Third Stage Of Labor And İnitiation Of Breastfeeding. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 54, 98-107.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hughes KN, Rodriguez-Carter J, Hill J, Miller D, Gomez C. Using Skin-to-Skin Contact to Increase Exclusive Breastfeeding at a Military Medical Center. Nurs Womens Health. 2015 Dec-2016 Jan;19(6):478-89. doi: 10.1111/1751-486X.12244.</citation>
    <PMID>26682656</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Karimi, A., Tara, F., Khadivzadeh, T. &amp; Aghamohammadian, Sharbaf, H.R. (2013). The Effect of Skin to Skin Contact Immediately after Delivery on the Maternal Attachment and Anxiety Regarding Infant. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil, 16, 7-15.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Karimi, F.Z., Bagheri, S., Tara, F., Khadivzadeh, T. &amp; Mousavi, Bazaz, S.M. (2014). Effect ofKangaroo Mother Care on breastfeeding self efficacy in primiparous women, 3 month after child birth. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil, 17, 1-8.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Linares AM, Wambach K, Rayens MK, Wiggins A, Coleman E, Dignan MB. Modeling the Influence of Early Skin-to-Skin Contact on Exclusive Breastfeeding in a Sample of Hispanic Immigrant Women. J Immigr Minor Health. 2017 Oct;19(5):1027-1034. doi: 10.1007/s10903-016-0380-8.</citation>
    <PMID>26969615</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>December 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 4, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>June 7, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">June 11, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>December 2, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>December 2, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">December 17, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>YASEMİN AYDIN KARTAL</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Associate Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Postpartum Pain</keyword>
  <keyword>Breastfeeding</keyword>
  <keyword>Beta Endorphin</keyword>
  <keyword>Oxytocin</keyword>
  <keyword>Postpartum Hemorrhage</keyword>
  <keyword>Skin to Skin Contact</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Postpartum Hemorrhage</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Hemorrhage</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04425096
org study id: 2018/066
nct id: NCT04425096
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of postpartum hemorrhage, pain and onset of
      early breastfeeding so that the skin applied at the third stage of birth is in contact with
      the skin. Material and Method: The study was carried out as a randomized controlled
      single-blind experimental study. The sample consists of 68 healthy mother and baby pairs.
      Skin contact with mothers and babies in the experimental group will be applied for 34 minutes
      immediately after birth. Routine care will be applied to the babies in the control group.
      Data will be collected using Personal Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale, LATCH
      Breastfeeding Diagnostic Scale, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, postpartum hemorrhage
      follow-up bag, pad and oxytocin, ᵦ endorphine analysis results.

      were collected using Personal Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale, LATCH Breastfeeding
      Diagnostic Scale, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, postpartum bleeding follow-up bag, pad
      and oxytocin, ᵦ endorphin analysis results.
Implementation of the Practice of the Study; In the standard practice of the delivery room
      clinic, where the study was planned, babies are clamped as soon as they are born, and their
      routine care (such as K vit and hepatitis B vaccine application) is taken under the radiant
      heater. The skin contact can not be applied between the baby and the mother. After the baby
      is cared, until the mother is transferred to the postpartum clinic, the baby is wrapped in a
      clean cotton sterile cloth under a radiant heater in the baby room.

      Routine care was applied to the babies of the control group mothers. No physical contact with
      the babies of the control group mothers was performed, standard applications were applied in
      the clinic (placing the baby under the radiant heater for clamping the umbilical cord as soon
      as it was born, K-vit application, Hepatitis B vaccine application etc.).

      As soon as the babies of the mothers in the experimental group were born, the babies were
      placed in a prone position with skin contact on their mothers' bare belly. The baby was
      gently dried, covered with a blanket and a beret was worn. The umbilical cord of the baby was
      clamped late (approximately 1-3 minutes). The baby was kept in this position for 30 minutes
      and then taken under the radiant heater for routine care.

      Blood was collected from women in the experimental and control groups for the 1st and 30th
      minutes after the birth of the baby for oxytocin and ᵦ endorphin analysis. After for both
      groups, VAS was applied after 2nd and 6th hours after birth, LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment
      and BSS were applied in 24th hour and 1 week later of the birth. Immediately after birth, a
      postpartum hemorrhage follow-up bag was placed on the gynecological table and followed by a
      bleeding bag until the mother got up from the gynecological table. When women were taken to
      bed from gynecological table, bleeding was followed up with a perineal pad. Weights of pad
      and mattress protections of women were weighed at 24 hours because normal women were
      discharged at 24 hours after delivery.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Randomized controlled single-blind experimental study.
primary purpose: Supportive Care
masking: Single (Participant)
measure: Oxytocin Analysis
time frame: 1 minute -30 minutes.
description: Oxytocin 1minute level
measure: ᵦ endorphin Analysis
time frame: 1 minute -30 minutes.
description: ᵦ endorphin 1 minute
measure: VAS (Visuel Analog Scale)
time frame: 2nd hour- 6 th hour
description: VAS is a commonly used measurement tool for determining the degree of pain. The patient is asked to mark his or her pain on a 10 cm ruler that writes painlessness (0) on one end and the most severe pain (10) on the other end
measure: LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool
time frame: 24th hour -1st week
description: LATCH (L: is for how well the infantlatches onto the breast, A: is for the amount of audibleswallowing noted, T: is for the mother's nipple type/condition, C: is for the mother's level of comfort, and H: isfor the amount of help the mother needs to hold her infant tothe breast) assessment tool is based on observations and descriptions of effective breastfeeding, evaluates five characteristics of breastfeeding .The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with the higherscore representing successful breastfeeding.
measure: Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale
time frame: 24th hour -1st week
description: Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale; The 5-point Likert type scale consists of 14 items. Minimum 14 points, maximum 70 points can be obtained, and high scores indicate that breastfeeding selfefficacy is higher.
measure: Postpartum Blood Bag
time frame: 24th hour
description: Immediately after birth, a postpartum hemorrhage follow-up bag was placed on the gynecological table and followed by a bleeding bag until the mother got up from the gynecological table.
measure: Total Postpartum Blood Loss
time frame: 24th hour
description: Total Postpartum Blood Loss(postpartum blood bag +pad test ): Immediately after birth, a postpartum hemorrhage follow-up bag was placed on the gynecological table and followed by a bleeding bag until the mother got up from the gynecological table. When women were taken to bed from gynecological table, bleeding was followed up with a perineal pad. Weights of pad and mattress protections of women were weighed at 24 hours because normal women were discharged at 24 hours after delivery.
arm group label: Skin to skin contact
arm group type: Experimental
description: The mothers and their babies in the experimental group received a 30-minute skin to skin contact immediately after birth (n:34)
arm group label: Routine care
arm group type: No Intervention
description: The babies in the control group received routine care (n:34)
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Skin to skin contact
description: Skin to skin contact
arm group label: Skin to skin contact
criteria: 
gender: Female
gender based: Yes
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 35 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Yasemin AYDIN KARTAL, PhD
role: Study Director
affiliation: Saglık Bilimleri U
facility: 
country: Turkey
citation: Alus Tokat, M. & Okumuş, H. (2013). The Effect of Antenatal Training Based on Strengthening the Perception of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy on the Perception of Breastfeeding Self- Efficacy and Breastfeeding. Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 10, 21-29
citation: Annagür, B. & Annagür, A. (2012). Relationship of Postpartum Mental Status with Breastfeeding. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 4, 279-292
citation: Çalısır, H., Karaçam, Z., Akgül, F.A. & Kurnaz, D.A. (2009). Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Form of the Postpartum Parenting Behavior Scale. Journal of Atatürk University School of Nursing, 12, 1-8
citation: Cong X, Ludington-Hoe SM, Hussain N, Cusson RM, Walsh S, Vazquez V, Briere CE, Vittner D. Parental oxytocin responses during skin-to-skin contact in pre-term infants. Early Hum Dev. 2015 Jul;91(7):401-6. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.04.012. Epub 2015 May 16.
PMID: 25988992
citation: Cooijmans KHM, Beijers R, Rovers AC, de Weerth C. Effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact versus care-as-usual in mothers and their full-term infants: study protocol for a parallel-group randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2017 Jul 6;17(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0906-9.
PMID: 28683833
citation: Edwards HM. Aetiology and treatment of severe postpartum haemorrhage. Dan Med J. 2018 Mar;65(3):B5444.
PMID: 29510809
citation: Essa R.M., İsmail N. & İsmail A. (2015). Effect of Early Maternal/Newborn Skin-To- Skin Contact After Birth On The Duration Of Third Stage Of Labor And İnitiation Of Breastfeeding. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 54, 98-107.
citation: Hughes KN, Rodriguez-Carter J, Hill J, Miller D, Gomez C. Using Skin-to-Skin Contact to Increase Exclusive Breastfeeding at a Military Medical Center. Nurs Womens Health. 2015 Dec-2016 Jan;19(6):478-89. doi: 10.1111/1751-486X.12244.
PMID: 26682656
citation: Karimi, A., Tara, F., Khadivzadeh, T. & Aghamohammadian, Sharbaf, H.R. (2013). The Effect of Skin to Skin Contact Immediately after Delivery on the Maternal Attachment and Anxiety Regarding Infant. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil, 16, 7-15.
citation: Karimi, F.Z., Bagheri, S., Tara, F., Khadivzadeh, T. & Mousavi, Bazaz, S.M. (2014). Effect ofKangaroo Mother Care on breastfeeding self efficacy in primiparous women, 3 month after child birth. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil, 17, 1-8.
citation: Linares AM, Wambach K, Rayens MK, Wiggins A, Coleman E, Dignan MB. Modeling the Influence of Early Skin-to-Skin Contact on Exclusive Breastfeeding in a Sample of Hispanic Immigrant Women. J Immigr Minor Health. 2017 Oct;19(5):1027-1034. doi: 10.1007/s10903-016-0380-8.
PMID: 26969615
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
investigator full name: YASEMİN AYDIN KARTAL
investigator title: Associate Professor
mesh term: Postpartum Hemorrhage
mesh term: Hemorrhage
sharing ipd: No