<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04455334</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>202004042RIND</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT04455334</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Error-augmented Walking on Gait Performance and Brain Activities in Stroke</brief_title>
  <official_title>The Effects of Error-augmented Walking on Gait Performance and Brain Activities in Individuals With Stroke</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>National Taiwan University Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>National Taiwan University Hospital</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This three-year study is proposed to document the effect and further implementation of&#xD;
      error-augmented walking on gait performance and brain activities in individuals with stroke.&#xD;
      Note that brain activations of post-stroke individuals during locomotion is a relatively&#xD;
      unexplored realm. In the first year, study aims to observe the gait performance and brain&#xD;
      activity of post-stroke and healthy participants when they walk on the split-belt treadmill,&#xD;
      which inputs errors and causing adaptation during locomotion. Second year, study focuses on&#xD;
      the long-term effect in aspect of brain activation and gait performance after training the&#xD;
      post-stroke individuals with error-augmented treadmill walking. Lastly, study aim to&#xD;
      investigate the long-term effect of practically applying the concept of error-augmented&#xD;
      training strategy into clinical physical therapy.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The first-year study is a cross-sectional study to recruit post-stroke and healthy&#xD;
      participants. Gait performance will be measured by GaitUp system and brain activity during&#xD;
      each walking trails will be measured concurrently by functional near infrared spectroscopy&#xD;
      (fNIRS). Cadence, stride time, stride length and swing cycle are the gait parameters that&#xD;
      will be recorded. Also, symmetry ratio and variability of temporal and spatial parameters&#xD;
      will also be calculated. Brain area of interest in this study will be bilateral premotor&#xD;
      cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA) and medial part of primary motor cortex (M1).&#xD;
      Study will run one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and, if needed,&#xD;
      Tukey post hoc test will be used to document the within group and between group differences&#xD;
      with p&lt;.05.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The second year and third year study are single-blinded (assessor), randomized controlled&#xD;
      trials. In the second year, study will recruit and randomize post-stroke participants into&#xD;
      one of the two training groups, error-augmented treadmill training group (ETT group) and&#xD;
      active control group (AC group). In ETT group, participants will practice split-belt&#xD;
      treadmill walking. And participants in AC group will received traditional treadmill walking.&#xD;
      The training duration will be 40 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week for a total of 4&#xD;
      weeks for every group. There will be three evaluations, chronologically, on one day before&#xD;
      intervention, one day after completion of intervention and one month after completion of&#xD;
      intervention. Gait performance, brain activity, dynamic gait index and sensorimotor ability&#xD;
      of lower extremity will be documented. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test will be used to&#xD;
      determine the training and follow-up effects with p&lt; .05. During the third year, individuals&#xD;
      with stroke will be recruited and randomized to one of the two group, error-augmented concept&#xD;
      combined physical therapy group (EAPT group) and conventional physical therapy group (CPT&#xD;
      group). Participants in the CPT group will receive thirty-minute conventional physical&#xD;
      therapy each session. Instead of training on a split-belt treadmill, participants in EAPT&#xD;
      group will receive fifteen-minute walking trainings that implement the error-augmented&#xD;
      concept and another fifteen-minute conventional physical therapy each session. The training&#xD;
      duration will be 40 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week for a total of 4 weeks for every&#xD;
      group. The outcome measurements, and statistical analysis are the same as those described in&#xD;
      the second year.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">July 13, 2020</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">July 31, 2023</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">June 3, 2023</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - Cadence</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The unit is steps per minutes</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - Cadence</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The unit is steps per minutes</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - stride time</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The unit is seconds</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - stride time</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The unit is seconds</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - stride length</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The unit is cm</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - stride length</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The unit is cm</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - swing cycle</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The unit is percentage (%)</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - swing cycle</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The unit is percentage (%)</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - symmetry ratio</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>V(larger value) / V(lesser value), V=step length(spatial) or step time(temporal)</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - symmetry ratio</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>V(larger value) / V(lesser value), V=step length(spatial) or step time(temporal)</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - variability</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>CV(coefficient of variation) = standard deviation/mean x 100% of the stride length(spatial) or stride time(temporal)</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking performance - variability</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>CV(coefficient of variation) = standard deviation/mean x 100% of the stride length(spatial) or stride time(temporal)</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Brain activities over premotor cortex</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Brain activities over premotor cortex</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Brain activities over supplementary motor area</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Brain activities over supplementary motor area</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Brain activities over primary motor cortex</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Brain activities over primary motor cortex</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Dynamic Gait Index</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Dynamic Gait Index</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Fugl-Meyer assessment</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Sensorimotor impairment of lower extremity</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Fugl-Meyer assessment</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Sensorimotor impairment of lower extremity</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>6</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">180</enrollment>
  <condition>Healthy</condition>
  <condition>Stroke</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>healthy</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>year 1 study</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>stroke</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>year 1 study</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>active control group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>year 2 study</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Error-augmented treadmill training</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>year 2 study</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Error-augmented concept combined physical therapy group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>year 3 study</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>conventional physical therapy group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>year 3 study</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Error-augmented treadmill training</intervention_name>
    <description>walk on split-belt treadmill</description>
    <arm_group_label>Error-augmented treadmill training</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>active control group</intervention_name>
    <description>walk on tie-belt treadmill</description>
    <arm_group_label>active control group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Error-augmented concept combined physical therapy group</intervention_name>
    <description>Error-augmented concept combined physical therapy</description>
    <arm_group_label>Error-augmented concept combined physical therapy group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>conventional physical therapy group</intervention_name>
    <description>conventional physical therapy</description>
    <arm_group_label>conventional physical therapy group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>NO INTERVENTION</intervention_name>
    <description>NO INTERVENTION</description>
    <arm_group_label>healthy</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>stroke</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        The inclusion criteria of stroke participants are&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. first unilateral stroke&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. older than 20 years old&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. medically stable&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. lesion site limited in subcortical area&#xD;
&#xD;
          5. having step length asymmetry (asymmetry ratio ≥ 1.08)&#xD;
&#xD;
          6. ability to walk 10 meters independently without an assistive device.&#xD;
&#xD;
        The inclusion criteria of healthy participants are&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. ability to walk 10 meters independently without an assistive device&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. no any other neurological, psychological, or orthopedic disorders known to interfere&#xD;
             the walking performance&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. mini-mental status examination scores &gt; 24 points&#xD;
&#xD;
        The exclusion criteria are&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. Participants who are medical unstable&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. cognitive impaired (mini-mental status examination scores &lt; 24 points)&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. diagnosed with other neurological, psychological, or orthopedic disorders known to&#xD;
             interfere the participation to the study&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. with the diagnosis which the contraindication includes exercise&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>20 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>100 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Yanci Liu, Ph.D</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>National Taiwan University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Yanci Liu, Ph.D</last_name>
    <phone>0233668135</phone>
    <email>yanciliu@ntu.edu.tw</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>National Taiwan University Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Taipei</city>
        <country>Taiwan</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Yanci Liu, PHD</last_name>
      <phone>0233668135</phone>
      <email>yanciliu@ntu.edu.tw</email>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Taiwan</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>June 2022</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 22, 2020</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>June 28, 2020</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">July 2, 2020</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>June 16, 2022</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>June 16, 2022</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">June 21, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>error augmentation,gait symmetry,brain activation,split-belt treadmill,walking adaptation</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Stroke</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04455334
org study id: 202004042RIND
nct id: NCT04455334
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
This three-year study is proposed to document the effect and further implementation of
      error-augmented walking on gait performance and brain activities in individuals with stroke.
      Note that brain activations of post-stroke individuals during locomotion is a relatively
      unexplored realm. In the first year, study aims to observe the gait performance and brain
      activity of post-stroke and healthy participants when they walk on the split-belt treadmill,
      which inputs errors and causing adaptation during locomotion. Second year, study focuses on
      the long-term effect in aspect of brain activation and gait performance after training the
      post-stroke individuals with error-augmented treadmill walking. Lastly, study aim to
      investigate the long-term effect of practically applying the concept of error-augmented
      training strategy into clinical physical therapy.

      The first-year study is a cross-sectional study to recruit post-stroke and healthy
      participants. Gait performance will be measured by GaitUp system and brain activity during
      each walking trails will be measured concurrently by functional near infrared spectroscopy
      (fNIRS). Cadence, stride time, stride length and swing cycle are the gait parameters that
      will be recorded. Also, symmetry ratio and variability of temporal and spatial parameters
      will also be calculated. Brain area of interest in this study will be bilateral premotor
      cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA) and medial part of primary motor cortex (M1).
      Study will run one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and, if needed,
      Tukey post hoc test will be used to document the within group and between group differences
      with p<.05.

      The second year and third year study are single-blinded (assessor), randomized controlled
      trials. In the second year, study will recruit and randomize post-stroke participants into
      one of the two training groups, error-augmented treadmill training group (ETT group) and
      active control group (AC group). In ETT group, participants will practice split-belt
      treadmill walking. And participants in AC group will received traditional treadmill walking.
      The training duration will be 40 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week for a total of 4
      weeks for every group. There will be three evaluations, chronologically, on one day before
      intervention, one day after completion of intervention and one month after completion of
      intervention. Gait performance, brain activity, dynamic gait index and sensorimotor ability
      of lower extremity will be documented. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test will be used to
      determine the training and follow-up effects with p< .05. During the third year, individuals
      with stroke will be recruited and randomized to one of the two group, error-augmented concept
      combined physical therapy group (EAPT group) and conventional physical therapy group (CPT
      group). Participants in the CPT group will receive thirty-minute conventional physical
      therapy each session. Instead of training on a split-belt treadmill, participants in EAPT
      group will receive fifteen-minute walking trainings that implement the error-augmented
      concept and another fifteen-minute conventional physical therapy each session. The training
      duration will be 40 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week for a total of 4 weeks for every
      group. The outcome measurements, and statistical analysis are the same as those described in
      the second year.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Change of walking performance - Cadence
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
description: The unit is steps per minutes
measure: Change of walking performance - Cadence
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
description: The unit is steps per minutes
measure: Change of walking performance - stride time
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
description: The unit is seconds
measure: Change of walking performance - stride time
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
description: The unit is seconds
measure: Change of walking performance - stride length
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
description: The unit is cm
measure: Change of walking performance - stride length
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
description: The unit is cm
measure: Change of walking performance - swing cycle
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
description: The unit is percentage (%)
measure: Change of walking performance - swing cycle
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
description: The unit is percentage (%)
measure: Change of walking performance - symmetry ratio
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
description: V(larger value) / V(lesser value), V=step length(spatial) or step time(temporal)
measure: Change of walking performance - symmetry ratio
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
description: V(larger value) / V(lesser value), V=step length(spatial) or step time(temporal)
measure: Change of walking performance - variability
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
description: CV(coefficient of variation) = standard deviation/mean x 100% of the stride length(spatial) or stride time(temporal)
measure: Change of walking performance - variability
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
description: CV(coefficient of variation) = standard deviation/mean x 100% of the stride length(spatial) or stride time(temporal)
measure: Brain activities over premotor cortex
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
description: A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
measure: Brain activities over premotor cortex
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
description: A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
measure: Brain activities over supplementary motor area
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
description: A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
measure: Brain activities over supplementary motor area
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
description: A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
measure: Brain activities over primary motor cortex
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
description: A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
measure: Brain activities over primary motor cortex
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
description: A multichannel wearable fNIRS imaging system (NIRSport2, NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA) is used to detect the hemodynamics.
measure: Dynamic Gait Index
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
measure: Dynamic Gait Index
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
measure: Fugl-Meyer assessment
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 4 weeks
description: Sensorimotor impairment of lower extremity
measure: Fugl-Meyer assessment
time frame: Change from Baseline cadence at 8 weeks
description: Sensorimotor impairment of lower extremity
arm group label: healthy
arm group type: Other
description: year 1 study
arm group label: stroke
arm group type: Other
description: year 1 study
arm group label: active control group
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: year 2 study
arm group label: Error-augmented treadmill training
arm group type: Experimental
description: year 2 study
arm group label: Error-augmented concept combined physical therapy group
arm group type: Experimental
description: year 3 study
arm group label: conventional physical therapy group
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: year 3 study
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Error-augmented treadmill training
description: walk on split-belt treadmill
arm group label: Error-augmented treadmill training
intervention type: Other
intervention name: active control group
description: walk on tie-belt treadmill
arm group label: active control group
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Error-augmented concept combined physical therapy group
description: Error-augmented concept combined physical therapy
arm group label: Error-augmented concept combined physical therapy group
intervention type: Other
intervention name: conventional physical therapy group
description: conventional physical therapy
arm group label: conventional physical therapy group
intervention type: Other
intervention name: NO INTERVENTION
description: NO INTERVENTION
arm group label: healthy
arm group label: stroke
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 20 Years
maximum age: 100 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Yanci Liu, Ph.D
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: National Taiwan University
last name: Yanci Liu, Ph.D
phone: 0233668135
email: yanciliu@ntu.edu.tw
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
country: Taiwan
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Stroke