<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03798288</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>18/17955CDJ</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03798288</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Randomised Controlled Trial for the selfBACK Project</brief_title>
  <acronym>selfBACK</acronym>
  <official_title>A Decision Support System for Self-management of Low Back Pain - a Randomized Controlled Trial for the selfBACK Project</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of Southern Denmark</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Norwegian University of Science and Technology</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Denmark</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University of Glasgow</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Robert Gordon University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Southern Denmark</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The intervention consists of a digital decision support system delivering a weekly plan of&#xD;
      suggested activities that the participant can use to self-manage their low back pain (LBP)&#xD;
      via an smartphone app.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The selfBACK intervention consists of the selfBACK system, that provides the participants&#xD;
      with an individually tailored weekly plan of suggested activities to use in their&#xD;
      self-management of low back pain.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The selfBACK system constitutes a data-driven decision support system that uses case-based&#xD;
      reasoning to capture and reuse participant cases to suggest the most suitable self-management&#xD;
      plan for participants. The system is an intelligent system delivering self-management plans&#xD;
      tailored to individual participant characteristics. Information about participant&#xD;
      characteristics is collected via a (baseline) questionnaire, weekly self-reports via the app&#xD;
      on symptom progression etc., and a wristband that detect daily number of steps. The weekly&#xD;
      plans are presented in an app to participants.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The weekly plan includes three categories of content;&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. information/education&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. recommended daily number of steps&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. recommended strength and flexibility exercises&#xD;
&#xD;
      Outcomes are collected as baseline, 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9 months.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">March 8, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">October 20, 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">May 6, 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>The study design is a multi-center randomised controlled trial with 2 parallel arms</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Investigator)</masking>
    <masking_description>The analysis of the data will be performed blindly.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>The primary outcome is the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) assessing pain-related disability. The questionnaire includes 24 items asking participants to indicate if they experience functional impairments by answering &quot;yes&quot; or &quot;no&quot; to a series of descriptions of functional abilities with higher scores indicating higher level of disability.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>The questionnaire assesses the participant's level of confidence in carrying out specific activities despite their pain. The PSEQ is a 10-item questionnaire scored on an ordinal scale ranging from zero [completely disagree] to six [completely agree].</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>The Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>The FABQ is a 5-item questionnaire, where the participants score their beliefs about their LBP on an ordinal scale ranging from zero [completely disagree] to six [completely agree]</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Pain intensity</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>Pain intensity measured as average and worst LBP within the past week. Measured on a 0 - 10 Numerical Rating Scale with 0 being no pain and 10 being worst pain imaginable.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>The questionnaire evaluates the participants' illness perception in an 8-item questionnaire. Items are scored on an ordinal scale ranging from zero [no problems] to 10 [worst severity].</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>Participants indicate their amount of time per week performing leisure activities with four levels of intensity ranging from sedentary to vigorous physically active</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Patients Global Perceived Effect</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months</time_frame>
    <description>A single item question for Patient's Global Perceived Effect will be asked at follow-up, where participants are asked to rate improvement or deterioration of their LBP compared to before the intervention</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Workability</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>Workability is measured by a single-item and rated on an 11-point NRS scale ranging from zero [completely unable to work] to 10 [work ability at its best].</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Health-related Quality of Life</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>The EuroQoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire is used to asses quality of life within each of the five dimension (i.e., mobility, self-care, activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression).</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Activity limitation</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>Activity Limitation evaluates if LBP has limited work and leisure time activities. The questionnaire consists of two single items with response options &quot;yes&quot; and &quot;no&quot;.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Sleep</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>Sleep is assessed by self-report using four items concerning problems with falling asleep, waking up repeatedly, waking up too early, and feeling sleepy during the day.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Perceived Stress Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>a 10-item questionnaire asking about frequency of thoughts and feelings related to perceived stress</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Patient Health Questionnaire-8</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>the questionnaire is an 8-item questionnaire used to evaluate the participants' depressive symptoms. Items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale scoring frequency of experiencing symptoms of depression.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Patient Specific Functional Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>Participants rate their function on up to two self-selected activities, are asked to rate if they are unable to do or are having difficulty with the their ability to perform self-selected activities regarded as important by the participants themselves</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Pain duration and frequency</measure>
    <time_frame>change from baseline to 3 months</time_frame>
    <description>Pain duration measures patients' self-reported length of current pain episode. Pain medication measures the frequency of the non-prescription pain medication use for LBP.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Virtual Care Climate Questionnaire</measure>
    <time_frame>4 months</time_frame>
    <description>The Virtual Care Climate Questionnaire concerns patients' perceived support for autonomy in a virtual care setting.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>User ratings</measure>
    <time_frame>4 months</time_frame>
    <description>Three rating questions on overall rating, ease of use and recommendation to others scored on a 5-point system</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Tailoring variables</measure>
    <time_frame>weekly for 9 months</time_frame>
    <description>Participants in the intervention are on a weekly basis asked a set of tailoring questions. These are tracked over the intervention period. The tailoring questions include items on lob back pain (NRS for pain intensity), function, fear-avoidance, workability, sleep, pain self-efficacy, stress, symptoms of depression, and barriers for self-management.&#xD;
Note. not all questions are asked on a weekly basis</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Physical activity</measure>
    <time_frame>weekly for 9 months</time_frame>
    <description>The patients' weekly recommended step count goal, and the actual achieved step count per. day</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Exercise volume</measure>
    <time_frame>weekly for 9 months</time_frame>
    <description>The patients report back their completed exercise volume as number of sets and repetitions for their suggested exercises, when they perform them</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">461</enrollment>
  <condition>Low Back Pain</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Usual care + selfBACK</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>The selfBACK system constitutes a data-driven decision support system that uses case-based reasoning to capture and reuse participant cases to suggest the most suitable self-management plan for participants. The system is an intelligent system delivering self-management plans tailored to individual participant characteristics. Information about participant characteristics is collected via a (baseline) questionnaire, weekly self-reports via the app on symptom progression etc., and a wristband that detect daily number of steps. The weekly plans are presented in an app to participants.&#xD;
The weekly plan includes three categories of content;&#xD;
information/education&#xD;
recommended daily number of steps&#xD;
recommended strength and flexibility exercises</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Usual care</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Any diagnostic or treatment-related pathway (e.g. receive information, advice or treatment) as instructed by their health care professional. Patients are allowed to seek care, treatment or help elsewhere as normal.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>selfBACK</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants will use the selfBACK system and app in addition to receiving usual care</description>
    <arm_group_label>Usual care + selfBACK</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Usual care</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants will receive usual care</description>
    <arm_group_label>Usual care</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Usual care + selfBACK</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Seeking care from primary health-care practice (general practitioners,&#xD;
             physiotherapists, chiropractors) or a local outpatient spinecenter (DK) for&#xD;
             non-specific LBP within the past 8 weeks&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  LBP of any duration&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Mild-to severe pain-related disability rated as 6 or above on the Roland Morris&#xD;
             Disability Questionnaire&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Age: ≥18 years&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Own and regularly use a smart phone (with at least Android 7.0 or iOS11.0) with&#xD;
             internet access (Wi-Fi and/or mobile data)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Have a working email address and have access to a computer with internet access to&#xD;
             complete questionnaires in a web browser.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Not interested,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Unable to speak, read or understand the national language (Danish/ Norwegian),&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Cognitive impairments or learning disabilities limiting participation,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Mental or physical illness or condition limiting participation,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Inability to take part in exercise/physical activity,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Fibromyalgia (diagnosed by a health care professional),&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnancy,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Previous back surgery&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Ongoing participation in other research trials for LBP management.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Karen Søgaard, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>University of Southern Denmark</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Physical Activity and Health at Work, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark</name>
      <address>
        <city>Odense</city>
        <zip>5230</zip>
        <country>Denmark</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Norwegian University of Science and Technology</name>
      <address>
        <city>Trondheim</city>
        <country>Norway</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Denmark</country>
    <country>Norway</country>
  </location_countries>
  <link>
    <url>http://www.selfback.eu</url>
    <description>project webpage</description>
  </link>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mork PJ, Bach K; selfBACK Consortium. A Decision Support System to Enhance Self-Management of Low Back Pain: Protocol for the selfBACK Project. JMIR Res Protoc. 2018 Jul 20;7(7):e167. doi: 10.2196/resprot.9379. Erratum In: JMIR Res Protoc. 2019 Jan 03;8(1):e12180.</citation>
    <PMID>30030208</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>February 2023</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 7, 2019</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 7, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">January 9, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>February 14, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>February 14, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">February 17, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Digital Decision Support System</keyword>
  <keyword>App</keyword>
  <keyword>Self-management</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Back Pain</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Low Back Pain</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <provided_document_section>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Study Protocol</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>Yes</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>No</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>No</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>February 20, 2019</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/88/NCT03798288/Prot_000.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Statistical Analysis Plan</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>No</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>No</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>Yes</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>February 8, 2023</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/88/NCT03798288/SAP_002.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
  </provided_document_section>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03798288
org study id: 18/17955CDJ
nct id: NCT03798288
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The intervention consists of a digital decision support system delivering a weekly plan of
      suggested activities that the participant can use to self-manage their low back pain (LBP)
      via an smartphone app.
The selfBACK intervention consists of the selfBACK system, that provides the participants
      with an individually tailored weekly plan of suggested activities to use in their
      self-management of low back pain.

      The selfBACK system constitutes a data-driven decision support system that uses case-based
      reasoning to capture and reuse participant cases to suggest the most suitable self-management
      plan for participants. The system is an intelligent system delivering self-management plans
      tailored to individual participant characteristics. Information about participant
      characteristics is collected via a (baseline) questionnaire, weekly self-reports via the app
      on symptom progression etc., and a wristband that detect daily number of steps. The weekly
      plans are presented in an app to participants.

      The weekly plan includes three categories of content;

        1. information/education

        2. recommended daily number of steps

        3. recommended strength and flexibility exercises

      Outcomes are collected as baseline, 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9 months.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: The study design is a multi-center randomised controlled trial with 2 parallel arms
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Investigator)
masking description: The analysis of the data will be performed blindly.
measure: Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: The primary outcome is the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) assessing pain-related disability. The questionnaire includes 24 items asking participants to indicate if they experience functional impairments by answering "yes" or "no" to a series of descriptions of functional abilities with higher scores indicating higher level of disability.
measure: Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: The questionnaire assesses the participant's level of confidence in carrying out specific activities despite their pain. The PSEQ is a 10-item questionnaire scored on an ordinal scale ranging from zero [completely disagree] to six [completely agree].
measure: The Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: The FABQ is a 5-item questionnaire, where the participants score their beliefs about their LBP on an ordinal scale ranging from zero [completely disagree] to six [completely agree]
measure: Pain intensity
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: Pain intensity measured as average and worst LBP within the past week. Measured on a 0 - 10 Numerical Rating Scale with 0 being no pain and 10 being worst pain imaginable.
measure: Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: The questionnaire evaluates the participants' illness perception in an 8-item questionnaire. Items are scored on an ordinal scale ranging from zero [no problems] to 10 [worst severity].
measure: Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: Participants indicate their amount of time per week performing leisure activities with four levels of intensity ranging from sedentary to vigorous physically active
measure: Patients Global Perceived Effect
time frame: 3 months
description: A single item question for Patient's Global Perceived Effect will be asked at follow-up, where participants are asked to rate improvement or deterioration of their LBP compared to before the intervention
measure: Workability
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: Workability is measured by a single-item and rated on an 11-point NRS scale ranging from zero [completely unable to work] to 10 [work ability at its best].
measure: Health-related Quality of Life
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: The EuroQoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire is used to asses quality of life within each of the five dimension (i.e., mobility, self-care, activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression).
measure: Activity limitation
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: Activity Limitation evaluates if LBP has limited work and leisure time activities. The questionnaire consists of two single items with response options "yes" and "no".
measure: Sleep
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: Sleep is assessed by self-report using four items concerning problems with falling asleep, waking up repeatedly, waking up too early, and feeling sleepy during the day.
measure: Perceived Stress Scale
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: a 10-item questionnaire asking about frequency of thoughts and feelings related to perceived stress
measure: Patient Health Questionnaire-8
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: the questionnaire is an 8-item questionnaire used to evaluate the participants' depressive symptoms. Items are scored on a 4-point Likert scale scoring frequency of experiencing symptoms of depression.
measure: Patient Specific Functional Scale
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: Participants rate their function on up to two self-selected activities, are asked to rate if they are unable to do or are having difficulty with the their ability to perform self-selected activities regarded as important by the participants themselves
measure: Pain duration and frequency
time frame: change from baseline to 3 months
description: Pain duration measures patients' self-reported length of current pain episode. Pain medication measures the frequency of the non-prescription pain medication use for LBP.
measure: Virtual Care Climate Questionnaire
time frame: 4 months
description: The Virtual Care Climate Questionnaire concerns patients' perceived support for autonomy in a virtual care setting.
measure: User ratings
time frame: 4 months
description: Three rating questions on overall rating, ease of use and recommendation to others scored on a 5-point system
measure: Tailoring variables
time frame: weekly for 9 months
description: Participants in the intervention are on a weekly basis asked a set of tailoring questions. These are tracked over the intervention period. The tailoring questions include items on lob back pain (NRS for pain intensity), function, fear-avoidance, workability, sleep, pain self-efficacy, stress, symptoms of depression, and barriers for self-management.
Note. not all questions are asked on a weekly basis
measure: Physical activity
time frame: weekly for 9 months
description: The patients' weekly recommended step count goal, and the actual achieved step count per. day
measure: Exercise volume
time frame: weekly for 9 months
description: The patients report back their completed exercise volume as number of sets and repetitions for their suggested exercises, when they perform them
arm group label: Usual care + selfBACK
arm group type: Experimental
description: The selfBACK system constitutes a data-driven decision support system that uses case-based reasoning to capture and reuse participant cases to suggest the most suitable self-management plan for participants. The system is an intelligent system delivering self-management plans tailored to individual participant characteristics. Information about participant characteristics is collected via a (baseline) questionnaire, weekly self-reports via the app on symptom progression etc., and a wristband that detect daily number of steps. The weekly plans are presented in an app to participants.
The weekly plan includes three categories of content;
information/education
recommended daily number of steps
recommended strength and flexibility exercises
arm group label: Usual care
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Any diagnostic or treatment-related pathway (e.g. receive information, advice or treatment) as instructed by their health care professional. Patients are allowed to seek care, treatment or help elsewhere as normal.
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: selfBACK
description: Participants will use the selfBACK system and app in addition to receiving usual care
arm group label: Usual care + selfBACK
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Usual care
description: Participants will receive usual care
arm group label: Usual care
arm group label: Usual care + selfBACK
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Karen Søgaard, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: University of Southern Denmark
facility: 
facility: 
country: Denmark
country: Norway
url: http://www.selfback.eu
description: project webpage
citation: Mork PJ, Bach K; selfBACK Consortium. A Decision Support System to Enhance Self-Management of Low Back Pain: Protocol for the selfBACK Project. JMIR Res Protoc. 2018 Jul 20;7(7):e167. doi: 10.2196/resprot.9379. Erratum In: JMIR Res Protoc. 2019 Jan 03;8(1):e12180.
PMID: 30030208
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Back Pain
mesh term: Low Back Pain
sharing ipd: No
provided document: 
provided document: 