<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03805945</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>XYFY2019-KL054-02</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03805945</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Parturient Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section.</brief_title>
  <official_title>Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Mood and Breastfeeding in Parturient Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section.</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dexmedetomidine used in the&#xD;
      perioperative period of elective cesarean section can improve maternal mood, improve&#xD;
      analgesic effect, improve maternal recovery quality, and then make the breastfeeding&#xD;
      better.At the same time, this experiment attempts to explore the optimal dose of&#xD;
      dexmedetomidine to produce the above effect.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      After obtaining the informed consent, parturients were randomly divided into two groups&#xD;
      according to the computer-generated random number table, namely, dexmedetomidine group and&#xD;
      the control group.Spinal anesthesia is administered to all maternal women undergoing elective&#xD;
      cesarean delivery. Immediately after the umbilicus is cut, the infusion of the experimental&#xD;
      drug was started until the end of the operation, and the PCIA pump with the study medication&#xD;
      is used during 2 days postoperatively.Continuous follow-up for three days after&#xD;
      surgery.Follow-up personnel recorded LATCH score, VAS score, quality-of-recovery score and&#xD;
      other indicators.In the 6th week after caesarean section, the outcome indicators were&#xD;
      collected by electronic questionnaire and telephone follow-up.This randomized controlled&#xD;
      trial is aims to prove that dexmedetomidine, used in parturient with elective cesarean&#xD;
      section, can improve maternal mood and prolong the duration of breastfeeding.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 1, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">December 2, 2019</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 2, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>Phase 4</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Postpartum depression at sixth week after caesarean section</measure>
    <time_frame>6th week postpartum</time_frame>
    <description>The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) was used to determine the presence of postpartum depression through an electronic questionnaire in the sixth week after delivery.&#xD;
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) consists of 10 items. According to the severity of the symptoms, each item is scored in 4 levels (0, 1, 2, 3 points) with a cumulative maximum score of 30 points.In order to reduce the rate of missed diagnosis, we refer to the previous literature and use 10 points as the diagnostic threshold for postpartum depression. A score of 10 or more is considered as postpartum depression.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Self-reported exclusive breastfeeding at sixth week after caesarean section</measure>
    <time_frame>6th week postpartum</time_frame>
    <description>Self-reported exclusive breastfeeding at sixth week postpartum by telephone follow-up.If exclusive breastfeeding is discontinued, obtain the point of discontinuation.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) score</measure>
    <time_frame>Preoperative, 1st day and 2nd day postpartum</time_frame>
    <description>Referring to the preoperative HADS score, the HADS on the second day after caesarean section were analyzed to judge the maternal emotional changes.&#xD;
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) includes two subscales of anxiety and depression, 7 questions per subscale, and 14 questions in total.Each question is divided into 4 score levels according to the severity (0, 1, 2, 3 points). The anxiety and depression subscales all use 8 points as the diagnostic threshold, and 8 or more points are considered to have anxiety or depression.&#xD;
The statistical analysis of this outcome indicator is mainly to regard the scale score as a continuous variable rather than a binary variable.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>LATCH breastfeeding assessments</measure>
    <time_frame>1st day postpartum</time_frame>
    <description>Day-1 LATCH (Latch, Audible swallowing, Type of nipple, Comfort, and Hold/help) breastfeeding assessments.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>VAS score after cesarean section</measure>
    <time_frame>6,12,24 and 48 hours after cesarean section</time_frame>
    <description>The basic method of Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) is to use a ruler with a length of about 10 cm, the ruler is marked with 10 scales, and the ends are &quot;0&quot; and &quot;10&quot; respectively. &quot;0&quot; indicate no pain, and &quot;10&quot; indicate unbearable pain. Ask the parturient to mark the position on the ruler that represents her pain level. Follow-up personnel record pain scores based on the location of the marker.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Quality-of-recovery score</measure>
    <time_frame>Preoperative, 1st day and 2nd day postpartum</time_frame>
    <description>Recovery quality assessment on the second day after delivery via the ObsQoR-11 scale.&#xD;
The ObsQoR-11 scale focuses on the following 11 items: nausea or vomiting, shivering, dizzy, in control, comfortable, able to hold baby, mobilising alone, personal hygiene, able to feed/nurse baby, moderate pain and severe pain. According to different degrees, each item can be divided into 0-10 points.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">160</enrollment>
  <condition>Cesarean Section</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>dexmedetomidine group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>After umbilical cord was cut, a loading dose of dexmedetomidine was pumped at 0.5ug/kg within 10min, followed by a further infusion of dexmedetomidine at 0.5ug /kg/h until the end of the surgery.Then connected with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump (dexmedetomidine 2ug/kg + sufentanil 1.5ug/kg + dolasetron 25mg/100ml saline).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>control group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Continuous infusion of saline after the umbilical cord was cut until the end of the operation.Then connected with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump (sufentanil 1.5ug/kg + dolasetron 25mg/100ml saline).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>dexmedetomidine group</intervention_name>
    <description>After the fetus was delivered, low-dose dexmedetomidine intraoperative infusion, postoperative low-dose dexmedetomidine patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump(the background infusion is 2 ml/h, the bolus dose is 0.5 ml, the lock time is 15 min).</description>
    <arm_group_label>dexmedetomidine group</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>D group</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>control group</intervention_name>
    <description>After the fetus was delivered, saline intraoperative infusion, postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump(the background infusion is 2 ml/h, the bolus dose is 0.5 ml, the lock time is 15 min) without dexmedetomidine.</description>
    <arm_group_label>control group</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>C group</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. ASA class I or II&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. BMI≦35kg/m2&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. Greater than 37 weeks gestation&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. Expressed a desire to breastfeed for a least 3 months postpartum&#xD;
&#xD;
          5. Elective cesarean section&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. Intraspinal anesthesia contraindication&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. Twin or fetal Intrauterine distress&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. Preoperative history of application of analgesia or sedative drug&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. Severe cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction&#xD;
&#xD;
          5. History of neurological and psychiatric diseases&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Female</gender>
    <gender_based>Yes</gender_based>
    <gender_description>Parturients are females.</gender_description>
    <minimum_age>20 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>40 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Ming Yan, M.D/Ph.D</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University</name>
      <address>
        <city>Xuzhou</city>
        <state>Jiangsu</state>
        <zip>221000</zip>
        <country>China</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>China</country>
  </location_countries>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, Franca GV, Horton S, Krasevec J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC; Lancet Breastfeeding Series Group. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016 Jan 30;387(10017):475-90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7.</citation>
    <PMID>26869575</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Xu H, Ding Y, Ma Y, Xin X, Zhang D. Cesarean section and risk of postpartum depression: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2017 Jun;97:118-126. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.04.016. Epub 2017 Apr 24.</citation>
    <PMID>28606491</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Silva CS, Lima MC, Sequeira-de-Andrade LAS, Oliveira JS, Monteiro JS, Lima NMS, Santos RMAB, Lira PIC. Association between postpartum depression and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in the first three months of life. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017 Jul-Aug;93(4):356-364. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Dec 26.</citation>
    <PMID>28034730</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Hobbs AJ, Mannion CA, McDonald SW, Brockway M, Tough SC. The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Apr 26;16:90. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0876-1.</citation>
    <PMID>27118118</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Nie Y, Liu Y, Luo Q, Huang S. Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil for post-caesarean section intravenous analgesia: a randomised, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014 Apr;31(4):197-203. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000011.</citation>
    <PMID>24463478</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Yoshimura M, Kunisawa T, Suno M, Sugawara A, Kurosawa A, Nakanishi R, Aoki K, Toriumi T. Intravenous dexmedetomidine for cesarean delivery and its concentration in colostrum. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2017 Nov;32:28-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2017.05.002. Epub 2017 May 10.</citation>
    <PMID>28687146</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Schnabel A, Meyer-Friessem CH, Reichl SU, Zahn PK, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Is intraoperative dexmedetomidine a new option for postoperative pain treatment? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain. 2013 Jul;154(7):1140-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.03.029. Epub 2013 Mar 27.</citation>
    <PMID>23706726</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Ciechanowicz S, Setty T, Robson E, Sathasivam C, Chazapis M, Dick J, Carvalho B, Sultan P. Development and evaluation of an obstetric quality-of-recovery score (ObsQoR-11) after elective Caesarean delivery. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Jan;122(1):69-78. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.06.011. Epub 2018 Jul 31.</citation>
    <PMID>30579408</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Funai Y, Pickering AE, Uta D, Nishikawa K, Mori T, Asada A, Imoto K, Furue H. Systemic dexmedetomidine augments inhibitory synaptic transmission in the superficial dorsal horn through activation of descending noradrenergic control: an in vivo patch-clamp analysis of analgesic mechanisms. Pain. 2014 Mar;155(3):617-628. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.018. Epub 2013 Dec 16.</citation>
    <PMID>24355412</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Lau Y, Wang Y, Yin L, Chan KS, Guo X. Validation of the Mainland Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in Chengdu mothers. Int J Nurs Stud. 2010 Sep;47(9):1139-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.02.005. Epub 2010 Mar 12.</citation>
    <PMID>20219196</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>January 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 13, 2019</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 15, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">January 16, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>December 2, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>December 2, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">December 3, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Cesarean Section</keyword>
  <keyword>Dexmedetomidine</keyword>
  <keyword>Breast Feeding</keyword>
  <keyword>Recovery quality</keyword>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Dexmedetomidine</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03805945
org study id: XYFY2019-KL054-02
nct id: NCT03805945
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dexmedetomidine used in the
      perioperative period of elective cesarean section can improve maternal mood, improve
      analgesic effect, improve maternal recovery quality, and then make the breastfeeding
      better.At the same time, this experiment attempts to explore the optimal dose of
      dexmedetomidine to produce the above effect.
After obtaining the informed consent, parturients were randomly divided into two groups
      according to the computer-generated random number table, namely, dexmedetomidine group and
      the control group.Spinal anesthesia is administered to all maternal women undergoing elective
      cesarean delivery. Immediately after the umbilicus is cut, the infusion of the experimental
      drug was started until the end of the operation, and the PCIA pump with the study medication
      is used during 2 days postoperatively.Continuous follow-up for three days after
      surgery.Follow-up personnel recorded LATCH score, VAS score, quality-of-recovery score and
      other indicators.In the 6th week after caesarean section, the outcome indicators were
      collected by electronic questionnaire and telephone follow-up.This randomized controlled
      trial is aims to prove that dexmedetomidine, used in parturient with elective cesarean
      section, can improve maternal mood and prolong the duration of breastfeeding.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Prevention
masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Postpartum depression at sixth week after caesarean section
time frame: 6th week postpartum
description: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) was used to determine the presence of postpartum depression through an electronic questionnaire in the sixth week after delivery.
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) consists of 10 items. According to the severity of the symptoms, each item is scored in 4 levels (0, 1, 2, 3 points) with a cumulative maximum score of 30 points.In order to reduce the rate of missed diagnosis, we refer to the previous literature and use 10 points as the diagnostic threshold for postpartum depression. A score of 10 or more is considered as postpartum depression.
measure: Self-reported exclusive breastfeeding at sixth week after caesarean section
time frame: 6th week postpartum
description: Self-reported exclusive breastfeeding at sixth week postpartum by telephone follow-up.If exclusive breastfeeding is discontinued, obtain the point of discontinuation.
measure: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) score
time frame: Preoperative, 1st day and 2nd day postpartum
description: Referring to the preoperative HADS score, the HADS on the second day after caesarean section were analyzed to judge the maternal emotional changes.
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) includes two subscales of anxiety and depression, 7 questions per subscale, and 14 questions in total.Each question is divided into 4 score levels according to the severity (0, 1, 2, 3 points). The anxiety and depression subscales all use 8 points as the diagnostic threshold, and 8 or more points are considered to have anxiety or depression.
The statistical analysis of this outcome indicator is mainly to regard the scale score as a continuous variable rather than a binary variable.
measure: LATCH breastfeeding assessments
time frame: 1st day postpartum
description: Day-1 LATCH (Latch, Audible swallowing, Type of nipple, Comfort, and Hold/help) breastfeeding assessments.
measure: VAS score after cesarean section
time frame: 6,12,24 and 48 hours after cesarean section
description: The basic method of Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) is to use a ruler with a length of about 10 cm, the ruler is marked with 10 scales, and the ends are "0" and "10" respectively. "0" indicate no pain, and "10" indicate unbearable pain. Ask the parturient to mark the position on the ruler that represents her pain level. Follow-up personnel record pain scores based on the location of the marker.
measure: Quality-of-recovery score
time frame: Preoperative, 1st day and 2nd day postpartum
description: Recovery quality assessment on the second day after delivery via the ObsQoR-11 scale.
The ObsQoR-11 scale focuses on the following 11 items: nausea or vomiting, shivering, dizzy, in control, comfortable, able to hold baby, mobilising alone, personal hygiene, able to feed/nurse baby, moderate pain and severe pain. According to different degrees, each item can be divided into 0-10 points.
arm group label: dexmedetomidine group
arm group type: Experimental
description: After umbilical cord was cut, a loading dose of dexmedetomidine was pumped at 0.5ug/kg within 10min, followed by a further infusion of dexmedetomidine at 0.5ug /kg/h until the end of the surgery.Then connected with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump (dexmedetomidine 2ug/kg + sufentanil 1.5ug/kg + dolasetron 25mg/100ml saline).
arm group label: control group
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: Continuous infusion of saline after the umbilical cord was cut until the end of the operation.Then connected with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump (sufentanil 1.5ug/kg + dolasetron 25mg/100ml saline).
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: dexmedetomidine group
description: After the fetus was delivered, low-dose dexmedetomidine intraoperative infusion, postoperative low-dose dexmedetomidine patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump(the background infusion is 2 ml/h, the bolus dose is 0.5 ml, the lock time is 15 min).
arm group label: dexmedetomidine group
other name: D group
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: control group
description: After the fetus was delivered, saline intraoperative infusion, postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia pump(the background infusion is 2 ml/h, the bolus dose is 0.5 ml, the lock time is 15 min) without dexmedetomidine.
arm group label: control group
other name: C group
criteria: 
gender: Female
gender based: Yes
gender description: Parturients are females.
minimum age: 20 Years
maximum age: 40 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Ming Yan, M.D/Ph.D
role: Study Director
affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University
facility: 
country: China
citation: Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, Franca GV, Horton S, Krasevec J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC; Lancet Breastfeeding Series Group. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016 Jan 30;387(10017):475-90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7.
PMID: 26869575
citation: Xu H, Ding Y, Ma Y, Xin X, Zhang D. Cesarean section and risk of postpartum depression: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2017 Jun;97:118-126. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.04.016. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
PMID: 28606491
citation: Silva CS, Lima MC, Sequeira-de-Andrade LAS, Oliveira JS, Monteiro JS, Lima NMS, Santos RMAB, Lira PIC. Association between postpartum depression and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in the first three months of life. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017 Jul-Aug;93(4):356-364. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Dec 26.
PMID: 28034730
citation: Hobbs AJ, Mannion CA, McDonald SW, Brockway M, Tough SC. The impact of caesarean section on breastfeeding initiation, duration and difficulties in the first four months postpartum. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Apr 26;16:90. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0876-1.
PMID: 27118118
citation: Nie Y, Liu Y, Luo Q, Huang S. Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil for post-caesarean section intravenous analgesia: a randomised, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014 Apr;31(4):197-203. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000011.
PMID: 24463478
citation: Yoshimura M, Kunisawa T, Suno M, Sugawara A, Kurosawa A, Nakanishi R, Aoki K, Toriumi T. Intravenous dexmedetomidine for cesarean delivery and its concentration in colostrum. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2017 Nov;32:28-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2017.05.002. Epub 2017 May 10.
PMID: 28687146
citation: Schnabel A, Meyer-Friessem CH, Reichl SU, Zahn PK, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Is intraoperative dexmedetomidine a new option for postoperative pain treatment? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain. 2013 Jul;154(7):1140-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.03.029. Epub 2013 Mar 27.
PMID: 23706726
citation: Ciechanowicz S, Setty T, Robson E, Sathasivam C, Chazapis M, Dick J, Carvalho B, Sultan P. Development and evaluation of an obstetric quality-of-recovery score (ObsQoR-11) after elective Caesarean delivery. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Jan;122(1):69-78. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.06.011. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
PMID: 30579408
citation: Funai Y, Pickering AE, Uta D, Nishikawa K, Mori T, Asada A, Imoto K, Furue H. Systemic dexmedetomidine augments inhibitory synaptic transmission in the superficial dorsal horn through activation of descending noradrenergic control: an in vivo patch-clamp analysis of analgesic mechanisms. Pain. 2014 Mar;155(3):617-628. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.018. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
PMID: 24355412
citation: Lau Y, Wang Y, Yin L, Chan KS, Guo X. Validation of the Mainland Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in Chengdu mothers. Int J Nurs Stud. 2010 Sep;47(9):1139-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.02.005. Epub 2010 Mar 12.
PMID: 20219196
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Dexmedetomidine
sharing ipd: No