<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03826095</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>Assesment in MS</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03826095</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Respiratory Functions, Trunk Control and Mobility Evaluation in Multiple Sclerosis</brief_title>
  <official_title>Investigation of the Effects of Respiratory Functions and Trunk Control on Functional Mobility in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Hacettepe University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>KARMUTLU</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>MATUNCER</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>EÇKÜTÜKÇÜ</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Hacettepe University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Respiratory functions and body control are affected in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).&#xD;
      Because of this effect, the dependency of individuals increases in daily living activities&#xD;
      and their quality of life decreases.&#xD;
&#xD;
      We think that respiratory functions, respiratory muscle strength and trunk control affect&#xD;
      vital mobility as well as vital importance for individuals with MS. As a result of the&#xD;
      investigations, it is concluded that the literature is insufficient in this area.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pulmonary function, respiratory muscle&#xD;
      strength and trunk control on functional mobility in individuals with MS and compare with&#xD;
      healthy individuals.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">February 4, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">August 2, 2019</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">July 26, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Case-Control</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>2 Minutes Walking Test</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Two Minute Walk Test (2MWT) will be performed to evaluate functional mobility.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Timed Up and Go Test</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Timed Up and Go Test will be performed to evaluate functional mobility.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Respiratory Functions Test</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Challenging vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC), peak flow rate (PEF), forced vital capacity 25-75% speed (FEF25-75%) will be measured by portable spirometry (Spirolab, Medical International Research, Rome, Italy).</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Respiratory Muscle Strength</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) will be measured using portable, electronic, oral pressure measuring device (Micro Medical MicroMPM, UK).</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Trunk Impairment Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Trunk impairment scale assesses static and dynamic sitting balance and trunk coordination. The maximum scores on the static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance, and coordination subscales are 7, 10, and 6 points, respectively. The total score of Trunk impairment scale ranges between 0 and 23 points, with a higher score representing better trunk control.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Side Bridge Test (core muscles endurance)</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Subjects were asked to lie on their left or right sides and extend their legs straight. Then the subjects lift their hips off the ground and form a straight line with their bodies. The measurements are recorded with a chronometer as seconds. The tests end when the subjects break the test positions.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Modified Biering-Sorensen test (core muscles endurance)</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>During the test, the subjects are placed in an exercise bed that extends outwardly from the leading edge of the upper body and ensures that the upper iliac spine is flush with the bench edge. Subjects are asked to raise their arms while maintaining body positions.Measurements are recorded in seconds with a stopwatch. The tests will end when the subjects break the test positions.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Trunk Flexion Test (core muscles endurance)</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Individuals are positioned in such a way that the body is at 60º, knees and hip at a flexion position of 90º. The evaluating physiotherapist supports the feet and fixes the feet on the floor. The measurements are recorded with a chronometer as seconds. The test is terminated when the 60 ° trunk flexion is impaired.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Prone bridge test (core muscles endurance)</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>During the test, the subjects place their elbows on the floor as their starting position and open their feet around the width of their thighs. They keep their body straight without bending over their elbows and toes.The measurements are recorded with a chronometer as seconds. The tests end when the subjects break the test positions.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Sit-ups Test (core muscles power)</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>The test is initiated when the subjects are told &quot;start&quot; and they are asked to flex their upper body up from the floor lifting the lower corner of the scapula from the floor.It is recorded how many times the subjects can perform each test for 30 seconds.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Modified Push-ups Test (core muscles power)</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>In the push-ups test, the subjects are required to push their lower body until their elbows reach a 90° angle. They are then asked to extend their arms straight to return to the starting position.It is recorded how many times the subjects can perform each test for 30 seconds.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Lumbopelvic Stability Test</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Lumbopelvic stability is assessed using a stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback UnitTM (Chattanooga, Australia). With the participant lying supine on a plinth, the cushion is inflated underneath the participant's lumbar spine to 40 mmHg. Prior to testing, all participants are instructed in the &quot;abdominal hollowing&quot; manoeuvre that activates Transversus Abdominis muscle, and told to perform and continue the contraction this during subsequent lumbopelvic stability testing while attempting to minimize contraction of rectus abdominis. Scores are recorded as the highest level completed (0-5) with a pressure change no greater than 10 mmHg.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>2</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Actual">60</enrollment>
  <condition>Physical Therapy</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Multiple Sclerosis</arm_group_label>
    <description>Patients with a clinically definitive diagnosis of MS, 0-5.5 Extended Disability Status Scale range.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Healthy individuals</arm_group_label>
    <description>Voluntary healthy individuals with similar age and gender</description>
  </arm_group>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        MS patients who are ambulatory&#xD;
&#xD;
        Healthy volunteer individuals of similar age and sex to patients&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  18-65 years old&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Having a definite MS diagnosis&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Up to 5.5 points on the Scored Disability Status Scale (EDSS)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  In the last 3 months have not experienced an attack&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Mini mental test score of 24 and above&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Acceptance to participate in the study.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Having orthopedic problems&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  The presence of other neurological problems&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>65 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>MELIKE S CENGİZ</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Hacettepe University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Hacettepe University</name>
      <address>
        <city>Ankara</city>
        <country>Turkey</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Turkey</country>
  </location_countries>
  <link>
    <url>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2005.02.006</url>
    <description>Mills JD, Taunton JE, Mills WA. The effect of a 10-week training regimen on lumbo-pelvic stability and athletic performance in female athletes: a randomized-controlled trial. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2005;6(2):60-6.</description>
  </link>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tzelepis GE, McCool FD. Respiratory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Respir Med. 2015 Jun;109(6):671-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.01.018. Epub 2015 Feb 12.</citation>
    <PMID>25724874</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Smeltzer SC, Skurnick JH, Troiano R, Cook SD, Duran W, Lavietes MH. Respiratory function in multiple sclerosis. Utility of clinical assessment of respiratory muscle function. Chest. 1992 Feb;101(2):479-84. doi: 10.1378/chest.101.2.479.</citation>
    <PMID>1735276</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Smeltzer SC, Utell MJ, Rudick RA, Herndon RM. Pulmonary function and dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1988 Nov;45(11):1245-9. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1988.00520350083020.</citation>
    <PMID>3190505</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mutluay FK, Gurses HN, Saip S. Effects of multiple sclerosis on respiratory functions. Clin Rehabil. 2005 Jun;19(4):426-32. doi: 10.1191/0269215505cr782oa.</citation>
    <PMID>15929512</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Smeltzer SC, Lavietes MH. Reliability of maximal respiratory pressures in multiple sclerosis. Chest. 1999 Jun;115(6):1546-52. doi: 10.1378/chest.115.6.1546.</citation>
    <PMID>10378547</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Sadovnick AD, Eisen K, Ebers GC, Paty DW. Cause of death in patients attending multiple sclerosis clinics. Neurology. 1991 Aug;41(8):1193-6. doi: 10.1212/wnl.41.8.1193.</citation>
    <PMID>1866003</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mutluay FK, Demir R, Ozyilmaz S, Caglar AT, Altintas A, Gurses HN. Breathing-enhanced upper extremity exercises for patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil. 2007 Jul;21(7):595-602. doi: 10.1177/0269215507075492.</citation>
    <PMID>17702701</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lanzetta D, Cattaneo D, Pellegatta D, Cardini R. Trunk control in unstable sitting posture during functional activities in healthy subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Feb;85(2):279-83. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.05.004.</citation>
    <PMID>14966714</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Fry DK, Huang M, Rodda BJ. Core muscle strength and endurance measures in ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis: validity and reliability. Int J Rehabil Res. 2015 Sep;38(3):206-12. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000109.</citation>
    <PMID>25647356</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Sebastiao E, Sandroff BM, Learmonth YC, Motl RW. Validity of the Timed Up and Go Test as a Measure of Functional Mobility in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Jul;97(7):1072-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.12.031. Epub 2016 Mar 2.</citation>
    <PMID>26944709</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Aug 15;166(4):518-624. doi: 10.1164/rccm.166.4.518. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>12186831</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Black LF, Hyatt RE. Maximal respiratory pressures: normal values and relationship to age and sex. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1969 May;99(5):696-702. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1969.99.5.696. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>5772056</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Standardization of Spirometry, 1994 Update. American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Sep;152(3):1107-36. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7663792. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>7663792</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Verheyden G, Nuyens G, Nieuwboer A, Van Asch P, Ketelaer P, De Weerdt W. Reliability and validity of trunk assessment for people with multiple sclerosis. Phys Ther. 2006 Jan;86(1):66-76. doi: 10.1093/ptj/86.1.66.</citation>
    <PMID>16386063</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gijbels D, Eijnde BO, Feys P. Comparison of the 2- and 6-minute walk test in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2011 Oct;17(10):1269-72. doi: 10.1177/1352458511408475. Epub 2011 Jun 3.</citation>
    <PMID>21642370</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bliss LS, Teeple P. Core stability: the centerpiece of any training program. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2005 Jun;4(3):179-83. doi: 10.1007/s11932-005-0064-y.</citation>
    <PMID>15907272</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Moreau CE, Green BN, Johnson CD, Moreau SR. Isometric back extension endurance tests: a review of the literature. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001 Feb;24(2):110-22. doi: 10.1067/mmt.2001.112563.</citation>
    <PMID>11208223</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>August 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 23, 2019</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 31, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">February 1, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 5, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 5, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 6, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Hacettepe University</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>MELIKE SUMEYYE CENGIZ</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Principal Investigator</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Multiple Sclerosis</keyword>
  <keyword>Respiratory function</keyword>
  <keyword>Respiratory muscle strength</keyword>
  <keyword>Trunk control</keyword>
  <keyword>Functional mobility</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Multiple Sclerosis</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Sclerosis</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03826095
org study id: Assesment in MS
nct id: NCT03826095
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Respiratory functions and body control are affected in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
      Because of this effect, the dependency of individuals increases in daily living activities
      and their quality of life decreases.

      We think that respiratory functions, respiratory muscle strength and trunk control affect
      vital mobility as well as vital importance for individuals with MS. As a result of the
      investigations, it is concluded that the literature is insufficient in this area.

      The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pulmonary function, respiratory muscle
      strength and trunk control on functional mobility in individuals with MS and compare with
      healthy individuals.
observational model: Case-Control
time perspective: Prospective
measure: 2 Minutes Walking Test
time frame: baseline
description: Two Minute Walk Test (2MWT) will be performed to evaluate functional mobility.
measure: Timed Up and Go Test
time frame: baseline
description: Timed Up and Go Test will be performed to evaluate functional mobility.
measure: Respiratory Functions Test
time frame: baseline
description: Challenging vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC), peak flow rate (PEF), forced vital capacity 25-75% speed (FEF25-75%) will be measured by portable spirometry (Spirolab, Medical International Research, Rome, Italy).
measure: Respiratory Muscle Strength
time frame: baseline
description: Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) will be measured using portable, electronic, oral pressure measuring device (Micro Medical MicroMPM, UK).
measure: Trunk Impairment Scale
time frame: baseline
description: Trunk impairment scale assesses static and dynamic sitting balance and trunk coordination. The maximum scores on the static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance, and coordination subscales are 7, 10, and 6 points, respectively. The total score of Trunk impairment scale ranges between 0 and 23 points, with a higher score representing better trunk control.
measure: Side Bridge Test (core muscles endurance)
time frame: baseline
description: Subjects were asked to lie on their left or right sides and extend their legs straight. Then the subjects lift their hips off the ground and form a straight line with their bodies. The measurements are recorded with a chronometer as seconds. The tests end when the subjects break the test positions.
measure: Modified Biering-Sorensen test (core muscles endurance)
time frame: baseline
description: During the test, the subjects are placed in an exercise bed that extends outwardly from the leading edge of the upper body and ensures that the upper iliac spine is flush with the bench edge. Subjects are asked to raise their arms while maintaining body positions.Measurements are recorded in seconds with a stopwatch. The tests will end when the subjects break the test positions.
measure: Trunk Flexion Test (core muscles endurance)
time frame: baseline
description: Individuals are positioned in such a way that the body is at 60º, knees and hip at a flexion position of 90º. The evaluating physiotherapist supports the feet and fixes the feet on the floor. The measurements are recorded with a chronometer as seconds. The test is terminated when the 60 ° trunk flexion is impaired.
measure: Prone bridge test (core muscles endurance)
time frame: baseline
description: During the test, the subjects place their elbows on the floor as their starting position and open their feet around the width of their thighs. They keep their body straight without bending over their elbows and toes.The measurements are recorded with a chronometer as seconds. The tests end when the subjects break the test positions.
measure: Sit-ups Test (core muscles power)
time frame: baseline
description: The test is initiated when the subjects are told "start" and they are asked to flex their upper body up from the floor lifting the lower corner of the scapula from the floor.It is recorded how many times the subjects can perform each test for 30 seconds.
measure: Modified Push-ups Test (core muscles power)
time frame: baseline
description: In the push-ups test, the subjects are required to push their lower body until their elbows reach a 90° angle. They are then asked to extend their arms straight to return to the starting position.It is recorded how many times the subjects can perform each test for 30 seconds.
measure: Lumbopelvic Stability Test
time frame: baseline
description: Lumbopelvic stability is assessed using a stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback UnitTM (Chattanooga, Australia). With the participant lying supine on a plinth, the cushion is inflated underneath the participant's lumbar spine to 40 mmHg. Prior to testing, all participants are instructed in the "abdominal hollowing" manoeuvre that activates Transversus Abdominis muscle, and told to perform and continue the contraction this during subsequent lumbopelvic stability testing while attempting to minimize contraction of rectus abdominis. Scores are recorded as the highest level completed (0-5) with a pressure change no greater than 10 mmHg.
arm group label: Multiple Sclerosis
description: Patients with a clinically definitive diagnosis of MS, 0-5.5 Extended Disability Status Scale range.
arm group label: Healthy individuals
description: Voluntary healthy individuals with similar age and gender
study pop: 
sampling method: Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 65 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: MELIKE S CENGİZ
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Hacettepe University
facility: 
country: Turkey
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2005.02.006
description: Mills JD, Taunton JE, Mills WA. The effect of a 10-week training regimen on lumbo-pelvic stability and athletic performance in female athletes: a randomized-controlled trial. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2005;6(2):60-6.
citation: Tzelepis GE, McCool FD. Respiratory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Respir Med. 2015 Jun;109(6):671-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.01.018. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
PMID: 25724874
citation: Smeltzer SC, Skurnick JH, Troiano R, Cook SD, Duran W, Lavietes MH. Respiratory function in multiple sclerosis. Utility of clinical assessment of respiratory muscle function. Chest. 1992 Feb;101(2):479-84. doi: 10.1378/chest.101.2.479.
PMID: 1735276
citation: Smeltzer SC, Utell MJ, Rudick RA, Herndon RM. Pulmonary function and dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1988 Nov;45(11):1245-9. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1988.00520350083020.
PMID: 3190505
citation: Mutluay FK, Gurses HN, Saip S. Effects of multiple sclerosis on respiratory functions. Clin Rehabil. 2005 Jun;19(4):426-32. doi: 10.1191/0269215505cr782oa.
PMID: 15929512
citation: Smeltzer SC, Lavietes MH. Reliability of maximal respiratory pressures in multiple sclerosis. Chest. 1999 Jun;115(6):1546-52. doi: 10.1378/chest.115.6.1546.
PMID: 10378547
citation: Sadovnick AD, Eisen K, Ebers GC, Paty DW. Cause of death in patients attending multiple sclerosis clinics. Neurology. 1991 Aug;41(8):1193-6. doi: 10.1212/wnl.41.8.1193.
PMID: 1866003
citation: Mutluay FK, Demir R, Ozyilmaz S, Caglar AT, Altintas A, Gurses HN. Breathing-enhanced upper extremity exercises for patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil. 2007 Jul;21(7):595-602. doi: 10.1177/0269215507075492.
PMID: 17702701
citation: Lanzetta D, Cattaneo D, Pellegatta D, Cardini R. Trunk control in unstable sitting posture during functional activities in healthy subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Feb;85(2):279-83. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.05.004.
PMID: 14966714
citation: Fry DK, Huang M, Rodda BJ. Core muscle strength and endurance measures in ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis: validity and reliability. Int J Rehabil Res. 2015 Sep;38(3):206-12. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000109.
PMID: 25647356
citation: Sebastiao E, Sandroff BM, Learmonth YC, Motl RW. Validity of the Timed Up and Go Test as a Measure of Functional Mobility in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Jul;97(7):1072-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.12.031. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
PMID: 26944709
citation: American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS Statement on respiratory muscle testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Aug 15;166(4):518-624. doi: 10.1164/rccm.166.4.518. No abstract available.
PMID: 12186831
citation: Black LF, Hyatt RE. Maximal respiratory pressures: normal values and relationship to age and sex. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1969 May;99(5):696-702. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1969.99.5.696. No abstract available.
PMID: 5772056
citation: Standardization of Spirometry, 1994 Update. American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Sep;152(3):1107-36. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7663792. No abstract available.
PMID: 7663792
citation: Verheyden G, Nuyens G, Nieuwboer A, Van Asch P, Ketelaer P, De Weerdt W. Reliability and validity of trunk assessment for people with multiple sclerosis. Phys Ther. 2006 Jan;86(1):66-76. doi: 10.1093/ptj/86.1.66.
PMID: 16386063
citation: Gijbels D, Eijnde BO, Feys P. Comparison of the 2- and 6-minute walk test in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2011 Oct;17(10):1269-72. doi: 10.1177/1352458511408475. Epub 2011 Jun 3.
PMID: 21642370
citation: Bliss LS, Teeple P. Core stability: the centerpiece of any training program. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2005 Jun;4(3):179-83. doi: 10.1007/s11932-005-0064-y.
PMID: 15907272
citation: Moreau CE, Green BN, Johnson CD, Moreau SR. Isometric back extension endurance tests: a review of the literature. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001 Feb;24(2):110-22. doi: 10.1067/mmt.2001.112563.
PMID: 11208223
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Hacettepe University
investigator full name: MELIKE SUMEYYE CENGIZ
investigator title: Principal Investigator
mesh term: Multiple Sclerosis
mesh term: Sclerosis
sharing ipd: No