<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03750019</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>RETH000955</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03750019</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Remembered Meal Satisfaction, Satiety and Later Snack Food Intake</brief_title>
  <official_title>Remembered Meal Satisfaction, Satiety and Later Snack Food Intake: A Laboratory Study</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of Liverpool</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Liverpool</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This study examined whether remembered meal satisfaction (encompassing memory for meal liking&#xD;
      and satiety) can be manipulated in the laboratory and whether this influences later food&#xD;
      intake.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      This study examined whether remembered meal satisfaction (encompassing memory for meal liking&#xD;
      and satiety) can be manipulated in the laboratory and whether this influences later food&#xD;
      intake. In a between-subjects design participants consumed a fixed lunch and then rehearsed&#xD;
      the satisfying or dissatisfying aspects of the meal, or a neutral experience (control), in&#xD;
      order to manipulate memory for meal satisfaction. Three hours later, in a second visit to the&#xD;
      laboratory, participants completed a bogus taste-test to measure food intake and meal memory&#xD;
      measures.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">August 7, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">December 8, 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 8, 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Ad libitum snack intake</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit</time_frame>
    <description>Energy intake (kcal) measured from a bogus taste-test task. Lower intake in those in the satisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition and greater intake in the dissatisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition were expected.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Memory for general satisfaction</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit</time_frame>
    <description>Memory for general satisfaction with the lunchtime meal was measured via five questions: 'Overall, how satisfying did you find the lunchtime meal?', 'Overall, how dissatisfying did you find the lunchtime meal?', 'I liked the lunchtime meal', 'How satisfied were you with the taste of the lunchtime meal?' and 'How dissatisfied were you with the taste of the lunchtime meal?'. Responses were measured using 100-point visual analogue scales with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely' (0-100). A higher score in those in the satisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition and a lower score in the dissatisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition were expected.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Memory for satisfaction with meal satiety</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit</time_frame>
    <description>Memory for general satisfaction with the lunchtime meal was measured via two questions: 'How satisfied were you with how filling the lunchtime meal was?' and 'How dissatisfied were you with how filling the lunchtime meal was?'. Responses were measured using 100-point visual analogue scales with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely' (0-100). A higher score in those in the satisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition and a lower score in the dissatisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition were expected.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Hunger before lunch</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured before lunch (during baseline visit)</time_frame>
    <description>Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Hunger after lunch</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured after lunch (during baseline visit)</time_frame>
    <description>Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Hunger before the bogus taste-test</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured before the bogus taste-test (in second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit)</time_frame>
    <description>Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Hunger after the bogus taste-test</measure>
    <time_frame>Measured after the bogus taste-test (in second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit)</time_frame>
    <description>Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">146</enrollment>
  <condition>Overweight and Obesity</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Satisfying rehearsal</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants completed the satisfying rehearsal task where they rehearsed the satisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dissatisfying rehearsal</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants completed the dissatisfying rehearsal task where they rehearsed the dissatisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Neutral rehearsal</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants completed the neutral rehearsal task where they rehearsed their journey to campus that day.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Satisfying rehearsal task</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants rehearsed satisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal they just ate.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Satisfying rehearsal</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Dissatisfying rehearsal task</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants rehearsed dissatisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal they just ate.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Dissatisfying rehearsal</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Neutral rehearsal</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants rehearsed their journey to campus that day.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Neutral rehearsal</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Fluent English&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Not taking medication that affects appetite&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  No known history of food allergies or disordered eating&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>60 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Eric Robinson, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>University of Liverpool</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>University of Liverpool</name>
      <address>
        <city>Liverpool</city>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United Kingdom</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>November 2018</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>November 14, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>November 19, 2018</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">November 21, 2018</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>November 19, 2018</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>November 19, 2018</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">November 21, 2018</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University of Liverpool</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Eric Robinson</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Principle Investigator</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>food intake</keyword>
  <keyword>memory</keyword>
  <keyword>remembered satisfaction</keyword>
  <keyword>memory for recent eating</keyword>
  <keyword>satiety</keyword>
  <keyword>eating behavior</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Overweight</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Yes</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>IPD is available on the UK Data Service and the study protocol is available on the Open Science Framework.</ipd_description>
    <ipd_info_type>Study Protocol</ipd_info_type>
    <ipd_time_frame>Data is already available.</ipd_time_frame>
    <ipd_access_criteria>There are no restrictions on access to the IPD or study protocol.</ipd_access_criteria>
    <ipd_url>http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-853370</ipd_url>
  </patient_data>
  <study_docs>
    <study_doc>
      <doc_id>10.5255/UKDA-SN-853370</doc_id>
      <doc_type>Individual Participant Data Set</doc_type>
      <doc_url>http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-853370</doc_url>
    </study_doc>
    <study_doc>
      <doc_id>10.17605/OSF.IO/WYCKJ</doc_id>
      <doc_type>Study Protocol</doc_type>
      <doc_url>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WYCKJ</doc_url>
    </study_doc>
  </study_docs>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03750019
org study id: RETH000955
nct id: NCT03750019
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
This study examined whether remembered meal satisfaction (encompassing memory for meal liking
      and satiety) can be manipulated in the laboratory and whether this influences later food
      intake.
This study examined whether remembered meal satisfaction (encompassing memory for meal liking
      and satiety) can be manipulated in the laboratory and whether this influences later food
      intake. In a between-subjects design participants consumed a fixed lunch and then rehearsed
      the satisfying or dissatisfying aspects of the meal, or a neutral experience (control), in
      order to manipulate memory for meal satisfaction. Three hours later, in a second visit to the
      laboratory, participants completed a bogus taste-test to measure food intake and meal memory
      measures.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Ad libitum snack intake
time frame: Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit
description: Energy intake (kcal) measured from a bogus taste-test task. Lower intake in those in the satisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition and greater intake in the dissatisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition were expected.
measure: Memory for general satisfaction
time frame: Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit
description: Memory for general satisfaction with the lunchtime meal was measured via five questions: 'Overall, how satisfying did you find the lunchtime meal?', 'Overall, how dissatisfying did you find the lunchtime meal?', 'I liked the lunchtime meal', 'How satisfied were you with the taste of the lunchtime meal?' and 'How dissatisfied were you with the taste of the lunchtime meal?'. Responses were measured using 100-point visual analogue scales with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely' (0-100). A higher score in those in the satisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition and a lower score in the dissatisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition were expected.
measure: Memory for satisfaction with meal satiety
time frame: Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit
description: Memory for general satisfaction with the lunchtime meal was measured via two questions: 'How satisfied were you with how filling the lunchtime meal was?' and 'How dissatisfied were you with how filling the lunchtime meal was?'. Responses were measured using 100-point visual analogue scales with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely' (0-100). A higher score in those in the satisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition and a lower score in the dissatisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition were expected.
measure: Hunger before lunch
time frame: Measured before lunch (during baseline visit)
description: Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.
measure: Hunger after lunch
time frame: Measured after lunch (during baseline visit)
description: Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.
measure: Hunger before the bogus taste-test
time frame: Measured before the bogus taste-test (in second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit)
description: Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.
measure: Hunger after the bogus taste-test
time frame: Measured after the bogus taste-test (in second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit)
description: Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.
arm group label: Satisfying rehearsal
arm group type: Experimental
description: Participants completed the satisfying rehearsal task where they rehearsed the satisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal.
arm group label: Dissatisfying rehearsal
arm group type: Experimental
description: Participants completed the dissatisfying rehearsal task where they rehearsed the dissatisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal.
arm group label: Neutral rehearsal
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Participants completed the neutral rehearsal task where they rehearsed their journey to campus that day.
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Satisfying rehearsal task
description: Participants rehearsed satisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal they just ate.
arm group label: Satisfying rehearsal
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Dissatisfying rehearsal task
description: Participants rehearsed dissatisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal they just ate.
arm group label: Dissatisfying rehearsal
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Neutral rehearsal
description: Participants rehearsed their journey to campus that day.
arm group label: Neutral rehearsal
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 60 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Eric Robinson, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: University of Liverpool
facility: 
country: United Kingdom
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: University of Liverpool
investigator full name: Eric Robinson
investigator title: Principle Investigator
mesh term: Overweight
sharing ipd: Yes
ipd description: IPD is available on the UK Data Service and the study protocol is available on the Open Science Framework.
ipd info type: Study Protocol
ipd time frame: Data is already available.
ipd access criteria: There are no restrictions on access to the IPD or study protocol.
ipd url: http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-853370
study doc: 
study doc: 