<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03821194</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>2018-08-030A</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03821194</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>The Effect of Chronic Pain Relief Over Knee Joint Area by Gua Sha Therapy</brief_title>
  <official_title>The Effect of Chronic Pain Relief Over Knee Joint Area by Gua Sha Therapy</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Objective:&#xD;
&#xD;
      A randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial is conducted to evaluate the effect of&#xD;
      gua sha on the relief of chronic knee joint area pain, and to investigate the association&#xD;
      between local skin surface and core temperature changes with chronic pain relief over knee&#xD;
      after gua sha. Also, we want to observe the changes before and after gua sha in the local&#xD;
      tissues of the knee joint area. We expect to provide more insights into the relevant&#xD;
      mechanism of gua sha and relieving pain in chronic knee joint area and establish a&#xD;
      complementary therapy for chronic knee joint pain.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Materials and Methods:&#xD;
&#xD;
      In this study, a total of 40 chronic knee joint pain participants will be recruited in the&#xD;
      eligible conditions. After agreeing into the clinical study and signing the informed consent&#xD;
      form, they will be randomized assigned into the treatment group (20 persons) and control&#xD;
      group (20 people). Both groups will be tested for total of 12 days. For treatment group, 2&#xD;
      times of gua sha method will be applied within 12-day test period, the treatments will be on&#xD;
      the first day and the fourth day respectively. The control group will be applied 2 times of&#xD;
      hot pack method at same period intervals during the 12 days. Both groups will be measured the&#xD;
      surface and core temperature of the applied site before and after each method. The visual&#xD;
      analog scale (VAS) and the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) and SF-12 quality of life&#xD;
      questionnaire will be performed before and after the test. Ultrasound scans of knee will be&#xD;
      performed before and after the test. After the data collection is completed, the analysis is&#xD;
      performed in SPSS version 24. Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA methods will be used, with&#xD;
      P&lt;0.05 as a significant result.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Expected results:&#xD;
&#xD;
      To establish the positive effect of gua sha therapy to relieve the chronic knee joint pain,&#xD;
      and use data and images to infer the mechanism of gua sha therapy on relieving chronic knee&#xD;
      joint pain.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 25, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 31, 2019</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">September 22, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>chronic knee joint pain patients</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Visual Analogue Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>10 Days</time_frame>
    <description>To assess the pain degree. Scale: 0~100 mm, higher scores, higher pain . Counted by each time recording.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Lower Extremity Functional Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>10 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Evaluate the functional impairment of a patient with a disorder of one or both lower extremities.&#xD;
Scale: 0~80, higher scores, higher lower extremity function Counted by each time recording.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Short Form-12 Health Survey</measure>
    <time_frame>3 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Evaluate the health-related quality of life, use SF-12 questionnaire. Scale: 0~100, higher scores, better life quality. Counted by each time recording and using mode conversion to get final scale.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Ultrasound scans of knee</measure>
    <time_frame>3 Days</time_frame>
    <description>To observe the tissue of knee joint, compare quadriceps muscle changes and tendon thickness before and after treatment.&#xD;
No special measure, just take picture of ultrasound scans and compare the picture.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>surface temperature</measure>
    <time_frame>2 hours</time_frame>
    <description>To evaluate the knee joint surface temperature before and after treatment.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">40</enrollment>
  <condition>Pain, Chronic</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Gua sha group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>do gua sha for the subjects</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>control group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>give hot pack for the subjects</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Gua sha</intervention_name>
    <description>Scrape the skin around the knee joint</description>
    <arm_group_label>Gua sha group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>hot pack</intervention_name>
    <description>hot pack</description>
    <arm_group_label>control group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. Those aged 20-60 years old&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. There are at least three pains in the unilateral or bilateral knee joints (up and down&#xD;
             steps, squats, running, squatting, jumping, walking, and sedentary for a long time),&#xD;
             and the pain lasts for at least one month.&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. Visual pain score (VAS) ≧30 (mm) for unilateral or bilateral knee joints&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, and Chinese herbal medicines for&#xD;
             the treatment of knee joint pain&#xD;
&#xD;
          5. Non-severe degenerative arthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence scale knee arthritis grade 2 or&#xD;
             less)&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. thighs, knee joints, calf areas, those who have undergone surgery or are expected to&#xD;
             have surgery, those who have been traumatized within the last month, and those who&#xD;
             have wounds, ulcers, infections or other skin diseases within two weeks&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. Pregnancy&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. BMI value is greater than 27 KG/m2&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. People with cardiovascular disease or hemophilia&#xD;
&#xD;
          5. Patients with gout, rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis&#xD;
&#xD;
          6. Diabetic patients with knee arthritis, patients with dry arthritis&#xD;
&#xD;
          7. Patients with malignant tumors&#xD;
&#xD;
          8. Those who are allergic to Vaseline products&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>20 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>60 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Fang-Pey Chen, MD</last_name>
    <role>Study Chair</role>
    <affiliation>Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Fang-Pey Chen, MD</last_name>
    <phone>+886-2-2875-7453</phone>
    <email>fpchen@vghtpe.gov.tw</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Taipei Veterans General Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Taipei</city>
        <zip>112</zip>
        <country>Taiwan</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Fang-Pey Chen, MD</last_name>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Taiwan</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Patel DR, Villalobos A. Evaluation and management of knee pain in young athletes: overuse injuries of the knee. Transl Pediatr. 2017 Jul;6(3):190-198. doi: 10.21037/tp.2017.04.05.</citation>
    <PMID>28795010</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nguyen US, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Niu J, Zhang B, Felson DT. Increasing prevalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: survey and cohort data. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 6;155(11):725-32. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00004.</citation>
    <PMID>22147711</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Werner S. Anterior knee pain: an update of physical therapy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014 Oct;22(10):2286-94. doi: 10.1007/s00167-014-3150-y. Epub 2014 Jul 6.</citation>
    <PMID>24997734</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Iagnocco A, Naredo E. Osteoarthritis: research update and clinical applications. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Dec;51 Suppl 7:vii2-5. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes328.</citation>
    <PMID>23230089</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cowan DT, Fitzpatrick JM, Roberts JD, While AE, Baldwin J. The assessment and management of pain among older people in care homes: current status and future directions. Int J Nurs Stud. 2003 Mar;40(3):291-8. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7489(02)00087-1.</citation>
    <PMID>12605951</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>MacPherson H, Maschino AC, Lewith G, Foster NE, Witt CM, Vickers AJ; Acupuncture Trialists' Collaboration. Characteristics of acupuncture treatment associated with outcome: an individual patient meta-analysis of 17,922 patients with chronic pain in randomised controlled trials. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 11;8(10):e77438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077438. eCollection 2013. Erratum In: PLoS One. 2013;8(12). doi:10.1371/annotation/23629d97-3b72-474b-9d89-c7198ba43d60. Witt, Claudia [corrected to Witt, Claudia M].</citation>
    <PMID>24146995</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>WHO. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023. WHO Library Cataloguing-inPublication Data. 2013.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Sun C, Desai GJ, Pucci DS, Jew S. Musculoskeletal disorders: does the osteopathic medical profession demonstrate its unique and distinctive characteristics? J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2004 Apr;104(4):149-55.</citation>
    <PMID>15127982</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nielsen A, Knoblauch NT, Dobos GJ, Michalsen A, Kaptchuk TJ. The effect of Gua Sha treatment on the microcirculation of surface tissue: a pilot study in healthy subjects. Explore (NY). 2007 Sep-Oct;3(5):456-66. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2007.06.001.</citation>
    <PMID>17905355</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nielsen A. Gua sha research and the language of integrative medicine. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2009 Jan;13(1):63-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.04.045. Epub 2008 Jul 17.</citation>
    <PMID>19118794</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hautman MA. Self-care responses to respiratory illnesses among Vietnamese. West J Nurs Res. 1987 May;9(2):223-43. doi: 10.1177/019394598700900205. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>3649128</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Braun M, Schwickert M, Nielsen A, Brunnhuber S, Dobos G, Musial F, Ludtke R, Michalsen A. Effectiveness of traditional Chinese &quot;gua sha&quot; therapy in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Med. 2011 Mar;12(3):362-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01053.x. Epub 2011 Jan 28.</citation>
    <PMID>21276190</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Yuen JWM, Tsang WWN, Tse SHM, Loo WTY, Chan ST, Wong DLY, Chung HHY, Tam JKK, Choi TKS, Chiang VCL. The effects of Gua sha on symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers associated with chronic low back pain: A randomized active-controlled crossover pilot study in elderly. Complement Ther Med. 2017 Jun;32:25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.03.010. Epub 2017 Mar 21.</citation>
    <PMID>28619301</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lauche R, Wubbeling K, Ludtke R, Cramer H, Choi KE, Rampp T, Michalsen A, Langhorst J, Dobos GJ. Randomized controlled pilot study: pain intensity and pressure pain thresholds in patients with neck and low back pain before and after traditional East Asian &quot;gua sha&quot; therapy. Am J Chin Med. 2012;40(5):905-17. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X1250067X.</citation>
    <PMID>22928824</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wang Y, Yang L, Yang J, Yang J, Liu Z, Chen F, Liu D, Yuan H, Wang L. Curative effect of scraping therapies on lumbar muscle strain. J Tradit Chin Med. 2013 Aug;33(4):455-60. doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60148-x.</citation>
    <PMID>24187865</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chiu JY, Gau ML, Kuo SY, Chang YH, Kuo SC, Tu HC. Effects of Gua-Sha therapy on breast engorgement: a randomized controlled trial. J Nurs Res. 2010 Mar;18(1):1-10. doi: 10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181ce4f8e.</citation>
    <PMID>20220605</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chan ST, Yuen JW, Gohel MD, Chung CP, Wong HC, Kwong KK. Guasha-induced hepatoprotection in chronic active hepatitis B: a case study. Clin Chim Acta. 2011 Aug 17;412(17-18):1686-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.05.009. Epub 2011 May 13.</citation>
    <PMID>21616064</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tu WZ, Cheng RD, Hu J, Wang JZ, Lin HY, Zou EM, Wang WS, Lou XF, Jiang SH. Combination treatment with Gua Sha and Blood-letting causes attenuation of systemic inflammation, activated coagulation, tissue ischemia and injury during heatstroke in rats. Chin J Integr Med. 2015 Aug;21(8):610-7. doi: 10.1007/s11655-014-1816-4. Epub 2014 Aug 7.</citation>
    <PMID>25098257</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kwong KK, Kloetzer L, Wong KK, Ren JQ, Kuo B, Jiang Y, Chen YI, Chan ST, Young GS, Wong ST. Bioluminescence imaging of heme oxygenase-1 upregulation in the Gua Sha procedure. J Vis Exp. 2009 Aug 28;(30):1385. doi: 10.3791/1385.</citation>
    <PMID>19718012</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Xu QY, Yang JS, Yang L, Wang YY. Effects of different scraping techniques on body surface blood perfusion volume and local skin temperature of healthy subjects. J Tradit Chin Med. 2011 Dec;31(4):316-20. doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(12)60011-9.</citation>
    <PMID>22462238</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jones BQ, Covey CJ, Sineath MH Jr. Nonsurgical Management of Knee Pain in Adults. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Nov 15;92(10):875-83.</citation>
    <PMID>26554281</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Simon LS. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their risk: a story still in development. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S1. doi: 10.1186/ar4173. Epub 2013 Jul 24.</citation>
    <PMID>24267149</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Binkley JM, Stratford PW, Lott SA, Riddle DL. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS): scale development, measurement properties, and clinical application. North American Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Research Network. Phys Ther. 1999 Apr;79(4):371-83.</citation>
    <PMID>10201543</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>June 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 20, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 27, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">January 29, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>June 8, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>June 8, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">June 11, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>pain relief</keyword>
  <keyword>complementary and alternative therapy</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Chronic Pain</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03821194
org study id: 2018-08-030A
nct id: NCT03821194
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Objective:

      A randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial is conducted to evaluate the effect of
      gua sha on the relief of chronic knee joint area pain, and to investigate the association
      between local skin surface and core temperature changes with chronic pain relief over knee
      after gua sha. Also, we want to observe the changes before and after gua sha in the local
      tissues of the knee joint area. We expect to provide more insights into the relevant
      mechanism of gua sha and relieving pain in chronic knee joint area and establish a
      complementary therapy for chronic knee joint pain.

      Materials and Methods:

      In this study, a total of 40 chronic knee joint pain participants will be recruited in the
      eligible conditions. After agreeing into the clinical study and signing the informed consent
      form, they will be randomized assigned into the treatment group (20 persons) and control
      group (20 people). Both groups will be tested for total of 12 days. For treatment group, 2
      times of gua sha method will be applied within 12-day test period, the treatments will be on
      the first day and the fourth day respectively. The control group will be applied 2 times of
      hot pack method at same period intervals during the 12 days. Both groups will be measured the
      surface and core temperature of the applied site before and after each method. The visual
      analog scale (VAS) and the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) and SF-12 quality of life
      questionnaire will be performed before and after the test. Ultrasound scans of knee will be
      performed before and after the test. After the data collection is completed, the analysis is
      performed in SPSS version 24. Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA methods will be used, with
      P<0.05 as a significant result.

      Expected results:

      To establish the positive effect of gua sha therapy to relieve the chronic knee joint pain,
      and use data and images to infer the mechanism of gua sha therapy on relieving chronic knee
      joint pain.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: chronic knee joint pain patients
primary purpose: Supportive Care
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Visual Analogue Scale
time frame: 10 Days
description: To assess the pain degree. Scale: 0~100 mm, higher scores, higher pain . Counted by each time recording.
measure: Lower Extremity Functional Scale
time frame: 10 Days
description: Evaluate the functional impairment of a patient with a disorder of one or both lower extremities.
Scale: 0~80, higher scores, higher lower extremity function Counted by each time recording.
measure: Short Form-12 Health Survey
time frame: 3 Days
description: Evaluate the health-related quality of life, use SF-12 questionnaire. Scale: 0~100, higher scores, better life quality. Counted by each time recording and using mode conversion to get final scale.
measure: Ultrasound scans of knee
time frame: 3 Days
description: To observe the tissue of knee joint, compare quadriceps muscle changes and tendon thickness before and after treatment.
No special measure, just take picture of ultrasound scans and compare the picture.
measure: surface temperature
time frame: 2 hours
description: To evaluate the knee joint surface temperature before and after treatment.
arm group label: Gua sha group
arm group type: Experimental
description: do gua sha for the subjects
arm group label: control group
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: give hot pack for the subjects
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Gua sha
description: Scrape the skin around the knee joint
arm group label: Gua sha group
intervention type: Other
intervention name: hot pack
description: hot pack
arm group label: control group
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 20 Years
maximum age: 60 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Fang-Pey Chen, MD
role: Study Chair
affiliation: Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
last name: Fang-Pey Chen, MD
phone: +886-2-2875-7453
email: fpchen@vghtpe.gov.tw
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
country: Taiwan
citation: Patel DR, Villalobos A. Evaluation and management of knee pain in young athletes: overuse injuries of the knee. Transl Pediatr. 2017 Jul;6(3):190-198. doi: 10.21037/tp.2017.04.05.
PMID: 28795010
citation: Nguyen US, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Niu J, Zhang B, Felson DT. Increasing prevalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: survey and cohort data. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Dec 6;155(11):725-32. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00004.
PMID: 22147711
citation: Werner S. Anterior knee pain: an update of physical therapy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014 Oct;22(10):2286-94. doi: 10.1007/s00167-014-3150-y. Epub 2014 Jul 6.
PMID: 24997734
citation: Iagnocco A, Naredo E. Osteoarthritis: research update and clinical applications. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Dec;51 Suppl 7:vii2-5. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes328.
PMID: 23230089
citation: Cowan DT, Fitzpatrick JM, Roberts JD, While AE, Baldwin J. The assessment and management of pain among older people in care homes: current status and future directions. Int J Nurs Stud. 2003 Mar;40(3):291-8. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7489(02)00087-1.
PMID: 12605951
citation: MacPherson H, Maschino AC, Lewith G, Foster NE, Witt CM, Vickers AJ; Acupuncture Trialists' Collaboration. Characteristics of acupuncture treatment associated with outcome: an individual patient meta-analysis of 17,922 patients with chronic pain in randomised controlled trials. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 11;8(10):e77438. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077438. eCollection 2013. Erratum In: PLoS One. 2013;8(12). doi:10.1371/annotation/23629d97-3b72-474b-9d89-c7198ba43d60. Witt, Claudia [corrected to Witt, Claudia M].
PMID: 24146995
citation: WHO. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023. WHO Library Cataloguing-inPublication Data. 2013.
citation: Sun C, Desai GJ, Pucci DS, Jew S. Musculoskeletal disorders: does the osteopathic medical profession demonstrate its unique and distinctive characteristics? J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2004 Apr;104(4):149-55.
PMID: 15127982
citation: Nielsen A, Knoblauch NT, Dobos GJ, Michalsen A, Kaptchuk TJ. The effect of Gua Sha treatment on the microcirculation of surface tissue: a pilot study in healthy subjects. Explore (NY). 2007 Sep-Oct;3(5):456-66. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2007.06.001.
PMID: 17905355
citation: Nielsen A. Gua sha research and the language of integrative medicine. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2009 Jan;13(1):63-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.04.045. Epub 2008 Jul 17.
PMID: 19118794
citation: Hautman MA. Self-care responses to respiratory illnesses among Vietnamese. West J Nurs Res. 1987 May;9(2):223-43. doi: 10.1177/019394598700900205. No abstract available.
PMID: 3649128
citation: Braun M, Schwickert M, Nielsen A, Brunnhuber S, Dobos G, Musial F, Ludtke R, Michalsen A. Effectiveness of traditional Chinese "gua sha" therapy in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Med. 2011 Mar;12(3):362-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01053.x. Epub 2011 Jan 28.
PMID: 21276190
citation: Yuen JWM, Tsang WWN, Tse SHM, Loo WTY, Chan ST, Wong DLY, Chung HHY, Tam JKK, Choi TKS, Chiang VCL. The effects of Gua sha on symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers associated with chronic low back pain: A randomized active-controlled crossover pilot study in elderly. Complement Ther Med. 2017 Jun;32:25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.03.010. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
PMID: 28619301
citation: Lauche R, Wubbeling K, Ludtke R, Cramer H, Choi KE, Rampp T, Michalsen A, Langhorst J, Dobos GJ. Randomized controlled pilot study: pain intensity and pressure pain thresholds in patients with neck and low back pain before and after traditional East Asian "gua sha" therapy. Am J Chin Med. 2012;40(5):905-17. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X1250067X.
PMID: 22928824
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responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Chronic Pain
sharing ipd: No