<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03810300</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>12835</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03810300</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Sustainability of Impacts of Cash Transfers, Food Transfers, and Behavior Change Communication in Bangladesh</brief_title>
  <acronym>TMRI</acronym>
  <official_title>Sustainability of Impacts of Cash Transfers, Food Transfers, and Behavior Change Communication in Bangladesh: Transfer Modality Research Initiative</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>International Food Policy Research Institute</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Cornell University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Data Analysis and Technical Assistance Ltd</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>World Food Programme, Bangladesh</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>International Food Policy Research Institute</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This study assesses the sustainability of impacts, 4 years post-program, from a pilot safety&#xD;
      net program that was implemented from May 2012-April 2014. The intervention, called the&#xD;
      Transfer Modality Research Initiative (TMRI), was assigned following a cluster-randomized&#xD;
      controlled trial design in two zones of Bangladesh (north and south). Intervention arms were&#xD;
      assigned at the village level, where arms were as follows: (1) cash transfers [north and&#xD;
      south]; (2) cash transfers + nutrition behavior communication change (BCC) [north only]; (3)&#xD;
      food transfers [north and south]; (4) food transfers + nutrition BCC [south only]; (4)&#xD;
      food-cash split [north and south]; and (5) control [north and south]. Within treatment&#xD;
      villages, women living in very poor households were targeted to receive benefits for two&#xD;
      years.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The objective of the study is to assess, 4 years after a pilot safety net intervention ended&#xD;
      in April 2014, the sustainability of the intervention's impacts on households, children, and&#xD;
      women. The intervention, called the Transfer Modality Research Initiative (TMRI), was&#xD;
      assigned following a cluster-randomized controlled trial design in two zones of Bangladesh&#xD;
      (north and south). WFP-Bangladesh implemented the intervention, and the International Food&#xD;
      Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) conducted the impact evaluation research. Intervention arms&#xD;
      were assigned at the village level, where arms were as follows: (1) cash transfers [north and&#xD;
      south]; (2) cash transfers + nutrition behavior communication change (BCC) [north only]; (3)&#xD;
      food transfers [north and south]; (4) food transfers + nutrition BCC [south only]; (5)&#xD;
      food-cash split [north and south]; and (5) control [north and south]. Within treatment&#xD;
      villages, women living in very poor households were targeted to receive benefits for two&#xD;
      years, from May 2012-April 2014. For the original impact evaluation, longitudinal data on&#xD;
      5000 households were collected from 2012-2015 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02237144).&#xD;
&#xD;
      For the sustainability study in 2018, given available funding, the sampling frame will&#xD;
      include 4000 households. This will include all households that were originally in the&#xD;
      following arms: (1) cash transfers [north and south]; (2) cash transfers + nutrition BCC&#xD;
      [north only]; (3) food transfers [north and south]; (4) food transfers + nutrition BCC [south&#xD;
      only]; (5) control [north and south].&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">April 15, 2012</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">May 15, 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">May 15, 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Factorial Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Basic Science</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Food Consumption Score</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>The Food Consumption Score, as defined by the World Food Programme, is calculated as the number of food groups consumed by the household in the previous 7 days, weighted by each food group's nutritional value and frequency of consumption. Scale range is 0 to 112, with higher values reflecting higher food consumption.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Child height-for-age z-score</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated using the 2006 WHO growth reference. This is a continuous measure that represents the number of standard deviations from the mean among comparable children in the WHO growth reference.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Prevalence of physical intimate partner violence</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Prevalence of any physical intimate partner violence in the past 12 months measured using the WHO Violence Against Women instrument</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Household dietary diversity</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured by counting the number of food groups consumed by the household</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Value of total household consumption</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Aggregate value of household food and non-food consumption expenditures. This is a continuous measure calculated from household survey responses on consumption behavior, using the methodology and questionnaire modules described in Deaton and Zaidi (2002). Citation: A.Deaton,, and S. Zaidi. 2002. &quot;Guidelines for Constructing Consumption Aggregates for Welfare Analysis.&quot; Washington, DC : World Bank.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Value of household food consumption</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Value of household food consumption expenditures. This is a continuous measure calculated from household survey responses on consumption behavior, using the methodology and questionnaire modules described in Deaton and Zaidi (2002). Citation: A.Deaton,, and S. Zaidi. 2002. &quot;Guidelines for Constructing Consumption Aggregates for Welfare Analysis.&quot; Washington, DC : World Bank.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Value of household non-food consumption</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Value of household non-food consumption expenditures. This is a continuous measure calculated from household survey responses on consumption behavior, using the methodology and questionnaire modules described in Deaton and Zaidi (2002). Citation: A.Deaton,, and S. Zaidi. 2002. &quot;Guidelines for Constructing Consumption Aggregates for Welfare Analysis.&quot; Washington, DC : World Bank.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Household food insecurity</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Scale range is 0 to 27, with higher values reflecting higher food insecurity.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Value of household labor income</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Value of annual labor income over all household members</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Value of household non-labor income</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Value of annual non-labor income over all household members</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Value of household asset ownership</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Total value of all assets owned</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Household land ownership</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Area of land owned</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Housing quality: interviews</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Quality of housing stock. This is measured using a module developed for the study context, and information is collected through household enumerator observation during interviews.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maternal nutrition knowledge score</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Number answered correctly on a test of maternal knowledge regarding infant and young child feeding practices developed for the survey, based on the curriculum of training sessions in the intervention.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Maternal infant and young child feeding practices</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Maternal adherence to WHO-recommended infant and young child feeding practices</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Child score on Raven's Progressive Matrices</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using Raven's Progressive Matrices set A and set B. This is constructed following the test's protocol for scoring.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Child score on Early Grade Reading Assessment</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using Early Grade Reading Assessment adapted to local context. This is constructed following the test's protocol for scoring.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Child score on Early Grade Mathematics Assessment</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using Early Grade Mathematics Assessment adapted to local context. This is constructed following the test's protocol for scoring.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Child score on Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, part of the Development and Well-Being Assessment family of mental heath measures. This is constructed following the test's protocol for scoring.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Child weight-for-height z-score</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated using the 2006 WHO growth reference. This is a continuous measure that represents the number of standard deviations from the mean among comparable children in the WHO growth reference.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Prevalence of child stunting</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated using the 2006 WHO growth reference</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Prevalence of child wasting</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated using the 2006 WHO growth reference</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Child illness</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Mother's report of child illness in previous 2 weeks</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Parental interaction with child</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Time spent on child stimulation activities in previous 7 days, measured using modules developed for the survey</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Parental discipline of the child</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Disciplinary measures used in the past month, measured using modules developed for the survey</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Community norms on gender</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Community leaders' attitudes toward gender, measured using modules developed for the survey</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Prevalence of emotional violence</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Prevalence of any emotional intimate partner violence in the past 12 months measured using the WHO Violence Against Women instrument</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Prevalence of controlling behaviors</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Prevalence of any controlling behaviors in the past 12 months measured using the WHO Violence Against Women instrument</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Prevalence of individual acts of intimate partner violence</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Prevalence of individual acts of intimate partner violence in the past 12 months measured using the WHO Violence Against Women instrument</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Individual decisionmaking</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using men's and women's decisionmaking modules adapted from pro-WEAI</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Individual asset ownership</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using men's and women's asset ownership modules developed for the survey</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Individual mobility</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using men's and women's mobility modules adapted from pro-WEAI</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Individual labor force participation</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using men's and women's labor modules developed for the survey</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Individual attitudes toward gender and intimate partner violence</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using men's and women's attitudes toward gender and intimate partner violence modules developed for the survey</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Individual social capital</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using men's and women's social capital modules developed for the survey</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Individual stress</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using men's and women's Perceived Stress Scale scores</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Individual depression</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using men's and women's Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression Test scores</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Individual aspirations</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using men's and women's aspirations modules developed for the survey</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Spousal relationship</measure>
    <time_frame>After 4 years post-intervention</time_frame>
    <description>Measured using men's and women's relationship modules developed for the survey</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>6</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">5000</enrollment>
  <condition>Food Security</condition>
  <condition>Poverty</condition>
  <condition>Child Nutrition</condition>
  <condition>Child Development</condition>
  <condition>Intimate Partner Violence</condition>
  <condition>Gender Dynamics</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Cash transfer</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>1500 taka ($18.75) per household distributed monthly</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Food transfer</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>30 kg rice, 2 kg lentils, and 2 kg micro-nutrient fortified cooking oil per household distributed monthly</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Food and cash transfer</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>15 kg of rice; 1 kg of lentils and 1 kg of micronutrient fortified cooking oil and 750 taka cash per household, distributed monthly</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Cash transfer + nutrition BCC</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>1500 taka ($18.75) per household distributed monthly. Nutrition behavior change communication (weekly, one-hour group-based meetings on maternal and child nutrition, sanitation and health knowledge, attitudes and practice; twice-a-month home visits; monthly community meetings).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Food transfer + nutrition BCC</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>30 kg rice, 2 kg lentils, and 2 kg micro-nutrient fortified cooking oil per household distributed monthly. Nutrition behavior change communication (weekly, one-hour group-based meetings on maternal and child nutrition, sanitation and health knowledge, attitudes and practice; twice-a-month home visits; monthly community meetings).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>No transfer, no behavior change communication</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Cash transfer</intervention_name>
    <description>1500 taka ($18.75) per household distributed monthly</description>
    <arm_group_label>Cash transfer</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Cash transfer + nutrition BCC</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Food transfer</intervention_name>
    <description>30 kg rice, 2 kg lentils, and 2 kg micro-nutrient fortified cooking oil per household distributed monthly</description>
    <arm_group_label>Food transfer</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Food transfer + nutrition BCC</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Food and cash transfer</intervention_name>
    <description>15 kg of rice, 1 kg of lentils, and 1 kg of micronutrient-fortified cooking oil, and 750 taka cash per household, distributed monthly</description>
    <arm_group_label>Food and cash transfer</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Nutrition behavior Communication Change (BCC)</intervention_name>
    <description>Weekly, group-based, one-hour meetings on maternal and child nutrition, sanitation and health knowledge, attitudes and practice; twice-a-month home visits; monthly community meetings</description>
    <arm_group_label>Cash transfer + nutrition BCC</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Food transfer + nutrition BCC</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Control</intervention_name>
    <description>No transfer, no behavior change communication</description>
    <arm_group_label>Control</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Former participant of Transfer Modality Research Initiative study (in cash, food,&#xD;
             cash+BCC, food+BCC, or control arms)&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Female</gender>
    <gender_based>Yes</gender_based>
    <minimum_age>15 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>65 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Akhter Ahmed, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>International Food Policy Research Institute</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Shalini Roy, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>International Food Policy Research Institute</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>John Hoddinott, DPhil</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Cornell University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Melissa Hidrobo, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>International Food Policy Research Institute</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <verification_date>January 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>May 14, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 17, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">January 18, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 17, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 17, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">January 18, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Cash transfers</keyword>
  <keyword>Food transfers</keyword>
  <keyword>Behavior change communication</keyword>
  <keyword>Sustainability</keyword>
  <keyword>Social protection</keyword>
  <keyword>Nutrition</keyword>
  <keyword>Gender</keyword>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03810300
org study id: 12835
nct id: NCT03810300
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
This study assesses the sustainability of impacts, 4 years post-program, from a pilot safety
      net program that was implemented from May 2012-April 2014. The intervention, called the
      Transfer Modality Research Initiative (TMRI), was assigned following a cluster-randomized
      controlled trial design in two zones of Bangladesh (north and south). Intervention arms were
      assigned at the village level, where arms were as follows: (1) cash transfers [north and
      south]; (2) cash transfers + nutrition behavior communication change (BCC) [north only]; (3)
      food transfers [north and south]; (4) food transfers + nutrition BCC [south only]; (4)
      food-cash split [north and south]; and (5) control [north and south]. Within treatment
      villages, women living in very poor households were targeted to receive benefits for two
      years.
The objective of the study is to assess, 4 years after a pilot safety net intervention ended
      in April 2014, the sustainability of the intervention's impacts on households, children, and
      women. The intervention, called the Transfer Modality Research Initiative (TMRI), was
      assigned following a cluster-randomized controlled trial design in two zones of Bangladesh
      (north and south). WFP-Bangladesh implemented the intervention, and the International Food
      Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) conducted the impact evaluation research. Intervention arms
      were assigned at the village level, where arms were as follows: (1) cash transfers [north and
      south]; (2) cash transfers + nutrition behavior communication change (BCC) [north only]; (3)
      food transfers [north and south]; (4) food transfers + nutrition BCC [south only]; (5)
      food-cash split [north and south]; and (5) control [north and south]. Within treatment
      villages, women living in very poor households were targeted to receive benefits for two
      years, from May 2012-April 2014. For the original impact evaluation, longitudinal data on
      5000 households were collected from 2012-2015 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02237144).

      For the sustainability study in 2018, given available funding, the sampling frame will
      include 4000 households. This will include all households that were originally in the
      following arms: (1) cash transfers [north and south]; (2) cash transfers + nutrition BCC
      [north only]; (3) food transfers [north and south]; (4) food transfers + nutrition BCC [south
      only]; (5) control [north and south].
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Factorial Assignment
primary purpose: Basic Science
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Food Consumption Score
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: The Food Consumption Score, as defined by the World Food Programme, is calculated as the number of food groups consumed by the household in the previous 7 days, weighted by each food group's nutritional value and frequency of consumption. Scale range is 0 to 112, with higher values reflecting higher food consumption.
measure: Child height-for-age z-score
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Calculated using the 2006 WHO growth reference. This is a continuous measure that represents the number of standard deviations from the mean among comparable children in the WHO growth reference.
measure: Prevalence of physical intimate partner violence
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Prevalence of any physical intimate partner violence in the past 12 months measured using the WHO Violence Against Women instrument
measure: Household dietary diversity
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured by counting the number of food groups consumed by the household
measure: Value of total household consumption
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Aggregate value of household food and non-food consumption expenditures. This is a continuous measure calculated from household survey responses on consumption behavior, using the methodology and questionnaire modules described in Deaton and Zaidi (2002). Citation: A.Deaton,, and S. Zaidi. 2002. "Guidelines for Constructing Consumption Aggregates for Welfare Analysis." Washington, DC : World Bank.
measure: Value of household food consumption
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Value of household food consumption expenditures. This is a continuous measure calculated from household survey responses on consumption behavior, using the methodology and questionnaire modules described in Deaton and Zaidi (2002). Citation: A.Deaton,, and S. Zaidi. 2002. "Guidelines for Constructing Consumption Aggregates for Welfare Analysis." Washington, DC : World Bank.
measure: Value of household non-food consumption
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Value of household non-food consumption expenditures. This is a continuous measure calculated from household survey responses on consumption behavior, using the methodology and questionnaire modules described in Deaton and Zaidi (2002). Citation: A.Deaton,, and S. Zaidi. 2002. "Guidelines for Constructing Consumption Aggregates for Welfare Analysis." Washington, DC : World Bank.
measure: Household food insecurity
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Scale range is 0 to 27, with higher values reflecting higher food insecurity.
measure: Value of household labor income
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Value of annual labor income over all household members
measure: Value of household non-labor income
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Value of annual non-labor income over all household members
measure: Value of household asset ownership
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Total value of all assets owned
measure: Household land ownership
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Area of land owned
measure: Housing quality: interviews
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Quality of housing stock. This is measured using a module developed for the study context, and information is collected through household enumerator observation during interviews.
measure: Maternal nutrition knowledge score
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Number answered correctly on a test of maternal knowledge regarding infant and young child feeding practices developed for the survey, based on the curriculum of training sessions in the intervention.
measure: Maternal infant and young child feeding practices
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Maternal adherence to WHO-recommended infant and young child feeding practices
measure: Child score on Raven's Progressive Matrices
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using Raven's Progressive Matrices set A and set B. This is constructed following the test's protocol for scoring.
measure: Child score on Early Grade Reading Assessment
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using Early Grade Reading Assessment adapted to local context. This is constructed following the test's protocol for scoring.
measure: Child score on Early Grade Mathematics Assessment
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using Early Grade Mathematics Assessment adapted to local context. This is constructed following the test's protocol for scoring.
measure: Child score on Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, part of the Development and Well-Being Assessment family of mental heath measures. This is constructed following the test's protocol for scoring.
measure: Child weight-for-height z-score
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Calculated using the 2006 WHO growth reference. This is a continuous measure that represents the number of standard deviations from the mean among comparable children in the WHO growth reference.
measure: Prevalence of child stunting
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Calculated using the 2006 WHO growth reference
measure: Prevalence of child wasting
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Calculated using the 2006 WHO growth reference
measure: Child illness
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Mother's report of child illness in previous 2 weeks
measure: Parental interaction with child
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Time spent on child stimulation activities in previous 7 days, measured using modules developed for the survey
measure: Parental discipline of the child
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Disciplinary measures used in the past month, measured using modules developed for the survey
measure: Community norms on gender
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Community leaders' attitudes toward gender, measured using modules developed for the survey
measure: Prevalence of emotional violence
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Prevalence of any emotional intimate partner violence in the past 12 months measured using the WHO Violence Against Women instrument
measure: Prevalence of controlling behaviors
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Prevalence of any controlling behaviors in the past 12 months measured using the WHO Violence Against Women instrument
measure: Prevalence of individual acts of intimate partner violence
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Prevalence of individual acts of intimate partner violence in the past 12 months measured using the WHO Violence Against Women instrument
measure: Individual decisionmaking
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using men's and women's decisionmaking modules adapted from pro-WEAI
measure: Individual asset ownership
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using men's and women's asset ownership modules developed for the survey
measure: Individual mobility
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using men's and women's mobility modules adapted from pro-WEAI
measure: Individual labor force participation
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using men's and women's labor modules developed for the survey
measure: Individual attitudes toward gender and intimate partner violence
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using men's and women's attitudes toward gender and intimate partner violence modules developed for the survey
measure: Individual social capital
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using men's and women's social capital modules developed for the survey
measure: Individual stress
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using men's and women's Perceived Stress Scale scores
measure: Individual depression
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using men's and women's Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression Test scores
measure: Individual aspirations
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using men's and women's aspirations modules developed for the survey
measure: Spousal relationship
time frame: After 4 years post-intervention
description: Measured using men's and women's relationship modules developed for the survey
arm group label: Cash transfer
arm group type: Experimental
description: 1500 taka ($18.75) per household distributed monthly
arm group label: Food transfer
arm group type: Experimental
description: 30 kg rice, 2 kg lentils, and 2 kg micro-nutrient fortified cooking oil per household distributed monthly
arm group label: Food and cash transfer
arm group type: Experimental
description: 15 kg of rice; 1 kg of lentils and 1 kg of micronutrient fortified cooking oil and 750 taka cash per household, distributed monthly
arm group label: Cash transfer + nutrition BCC
arm group type: Experimental
description: 1500 taka ($18.75) per household distributed monthly. Nutrition behavior change communication (weekly, one-hour group-based meetings on maternal and child nutrition, sanitation and health knowledge, attitudes and practice; twice-a-month home visits; monthly community meetings).
arm group label: Food transfer + nutrition BCC
arm group type: Experimental
description: 30 kg rice, 2 kg lentils, and 2 kg micro-nutrient fortified cooking oil per household distributed monthly. Nutrition behavior change communication (weekly, one-hour group-based meetings on maternal and child nutrition, sanitation and health knowledge, attitudes and practice; twice-a-month home visits; monthly community meetings).
arm group label: Control
arm group type: Experimental
description: No transfer, no behavior change communication
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Cash transfer
description: 1500 taka ($18.75) per household distributed monthly
arm group label: Cash transfer
arm group label: Cash transfer + nutrition BCC
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Food transfer
description: 30 kg rice, 2 kg lentils, and 2 kg micro-nutrient fortified cooking oil per household distributed monthly
arm group label: Food transfer
arm group label: Food transfer + nutrition BCC
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Food and cash transfer
description: 15 kg of rice, 1 kg of lentils, and 1 kg of micronutrient-fortified cooking oil, and 750 taka cash per household, distributed monthly
arm group label: Food and cash transfer
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Nutrition behavior Communication Change (BCC)
description: Weekly, group-based, one-hour meetings on maternal and child nutrition, sanitation and health knowledge, attitudes and practice; twice-a-month home visits; monthly community meetings
arm group label: Cash transfer + nutrition BCC
arm group label: Food transfer + nutrition BCC
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Control
description: No transfer, no behavior change communication
arm group label: Control
criteria: 
gender: Female
gender based: Yes
minimum age: 15 Years
maximum age: 65 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Akhter Ahmed, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: International Food Policy Research Institute
last name: Shalini Roy, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: International Food Policy Research Institute
last name: John Hoddinott, DPhil
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Cornell University
last name: Melissa Hidrobo, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: International Food Policy Research Institute
responsible party type: Sponsor