<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03831594</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>222784</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03831594</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Combining Physical Therapy With Vestibular Stimulation to Improve Postural Stability in Pusher's Syndrome</brief_title>
  <official_title>Combining Physical Therapy With Vestibular Stimulation to Improve Postural Stability in Pusher's Syndrome</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Imperial College London</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Imperial College London</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    <is_us_export>No</is_us_export>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The study is evaluating the effect of combining Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) with&#xD;
      standard Physiotherapy treatment in patients admitted to a neurological rehabilitation unit&#xD;
      with Pusher syndrome (PS). Patients will be randomised to receive standard Physiotherapy&#xD;
      treatment or standard treatment with GVS.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Perceived verticality data will also be collected and analysed on age-matched controls. This&#xD;
      data will be used to compare these results with the patients with PS.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The investigators hypothesis that GVS and standard Physiotherapy treatment will lead to a&#xD;
      greater improvement in functional ability and awareness of perceived verticality compared to&#xD;
      standard Physiotherapy alone.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Pusher syndrome (PS) can be described as disordered balance and orientation which causes&#xD;
      patients to perceive they are in an upright position when in fact they are positioned towards&#xD;
      their affected side. These patients use their unaffected limbs to 'push' themselves away from&#xD;
      their unaffected side in an attempt to correct their perceived postural alignment. PS is a&#xD;
      common disorder and can affect 16% of stroke patients.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Patients with PS have shown to take longer to improve in rehabilitation than non-PS patients&#xD;
      and tend to stay in hospital for longer.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) involves passing a small electrical current behind the&#xD;
      ear to stimulate the vestibular system to in-turn cause the head and body to move.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Withdrawn</overall_status>
  <why_stopped>
    We were unable to recruit any suitable patients to this study&#xD;
  </why_stopped>
  <start_date type="Actual">November 1, 2018</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">January 20, 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">January 18, 2021</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Scale of Contraversive Pushing</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2</time_frame>
    <description>This is made up of 3 components: 1.The symmetry of spontaneous body posture (rated with 0, 0.25, 0.75, or 1 point. 1 = severe tilt, 0 = no tilt), 2. The use of non-paretic extremities (0, 0.5, or 1 point. 1 = performed spontaneously at rest), 3. The resistance to passive correction of the tilted posture (0 or 1 point. 1 = resistance occurs). For a diagnosis of Pusher Syndrome all 3 components need to be present.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>The Burke Lateropulsion Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2</time_frame>
    <description>Test of pushing. The score for each component is rated on a scale from 0 to 3 (0 to 4 for standing) and the score is based on the severity of resistance or the tilt angle when the patient begins to resist the passive movement. The score for diagnosis of Pusher behaviour is ≥2 points</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Catherine Bergago Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2</time_frame>
    <description>The Catherine Bergego Scale is a standardized checklist (10 everyday tasks) to detect presence and degree of neglect during observation of everyday life situations. The scale also provides a measure of neglect self-awareness (anosognosia).4 point rating scale indicating severity of neglect (0 = no neglect, 3 = severe neglect).</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Mesulam's symbol cancellation test</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2</time_frame>
    <description>Mesulam's symbol cancellation test provides a measure of neglect, organisational process, and attention.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Berg Balance Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2</time_frame>
    <description>14-item scale designed to measure balance of the older adult in a clinical setting. A five-point ordinal scale, ranging from 0-4. &quot;0&quot; indicates the lowest level of function and &quot;4&quot; the highest level of function. Score the LOWEST performance. Total Score = 56</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Functional Impairment Measure</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2</time_frame>
    <description>18-item of physical, psychological and social function.The tool is used to assess a patient's level of disability as well as change in patient status in response to rehabilitation or medical intervention. Each item is scored on a 7 point ordinal scale, ranging from a score of 1 to a score of 7. The higher the score, the more independent the patient is in performing the task associated with that item.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Subjective Visual Vertical</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2</time_frame>
    <description>Test of perceived visual vertical alignment</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Subjective Postural Vertical</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2</time_frame>
    <description>Test of perceived postural vertical alignment</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Subjective haptic vertical</measure>
    <time_frame>Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2</time_frame>
    <description>Test of perceived haptic vertical alignment</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">0</enrollment>
  <condition>Pusher Syndrome</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Standard Physiotherapy and Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Standard physiotherapy concurrently with Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation for 45 minutes a day for two weeks (five days per week)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Standard Physiotherapy</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Standard Physiotherapy for 45 minutes a day for two weeks (five days per week)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation</intervention_name>
    <description>Electrical current (under 1.5mA) applied to the mastoid processes to stimulate the balance organs in the inner ear</description>
    <arm_group_label>Standard Physiotherapy and Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Standard Physiotherapy</intervention_name>
    <description>45 minutes of standard physiotherapy treating impairments and functional problems</description>
    <arm_group_label>Standard Physiotherapy</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Standard Physiotherapy and Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Standard Physical Therapy</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Pusher Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Identified hemiparetic neglect - identified PS from a stroke or acquired brain injury&#xD;
             (using the Scale of Contraversive Pushing and The Burke Lateropulsion Scale)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Consenting to participate in the trial&#xD;
&#xD;
        Pusher Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Severe cognitive impairment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Receptive aphasia&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Medical co-morbidities&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Opthalamic impairment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Vestibular impairment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Peripheral neuropathy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Also any contraindications to GVS including:&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Brain metallic implants&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Pacemakers&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Recent brain surgery&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Skull defect&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Preceding epileptic seizures&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Sensitive skin behind the ears.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Healthy volunteers inclusion criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  40 years old minimum age&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Consent to taking part in the trial&#xD;
&#xD;
        Healthy volunteers exclusion criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Vestibular impairment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of medical/psychiatric/neurological disorders&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Currently taking any psychoactive medication&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Drunk more than 3 units of alcohol in the past 24 hours&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>N/A</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Diego Kaski, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Imperial College London</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Imperial College London</name>
      <address>
        <city>London</city>
        <zip>W2 1PG</zip>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United Kingdom</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Baccini M, Paci M, Nannetti L, Biricolti C, Rinaldi LA. Scale for contraversive pushing: cutoff scores for diagnosing &quot;pusher behavior&quot; and construct validity. Phys Ther. 2008 Aug;88(8):947-55. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20070179. Epub 2008 Jul 10.</citation>
    <PMID>18617579</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>P. Azouvi (1996) Functional Consequences and Awareness of Unilateral Neglect: Study of an Evaluation Scale, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 6:2, 133-150, DOI: 10.1080/713755501</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Maggie J. Bailey, M. Jane Riddoch &amp; Peter Crome (2004) Test-retest stability of three tests for unilateral visual neglect in patients with stroke: Star Cancellation, Line Bisection, and the Baking Tray Task, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 14:4, 403-419, DOI: 10.1080/09602010343000282</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Barra J, Marquer A, Joassin R, Reymond C, Metge L, Chauvineau V, Perennou D. Humans use internal models to construct and update a sense of verticality. Brain. 2010 Dec;133(Pt 12):3552-63. doi: 10.1093/brain/awq311. Epub 2010 Nov 19.</citation>
    <PMID>21097492</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Day BL, Severac Cauquil A, Bartolomei L, Pastor MA, Lyon IN. Human body-segment tilts induced by galvanic stimulation: a vestibularly driven balance protection mechanism. J Physiol. 1997 May 1;500 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):661-72. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1997.sp022051.</citation>
    <PMID>9161984</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Fitzpatrick RC, Wardman DL, Taylor JL. Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation during human walking. J Physiol. 1999 Jun 15;517 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):931-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0931s.x.</citation>
    <PMID>10358131</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Karnath HO, Johannsen L, Broetz D, Ferber S, Dichgans J. Prognosis of contraversive pushing. J Neurol. 2002 Sep;249(9):1250-3. doi: 10.1007/s00415-002-0824-z.</citation>
    <PMID>12242549</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Karnath HO, Broetz D. Understanding and treating &quot;pusher syndrome&quot;. Phys Ther. 2003 Dec;83(12):1119-25.</citation>
    <PMID>14640870</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Karnath HO. Pusher syndrome--a frequent but little-known disturbance of body orientation perception. J Neurol. 2007 Apr;254(4):415-24. doi: 10.1007/s00415-006-0341-6. Epub 2007 Mar 25.</citation>
    <PMID>17385082</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nakamura J, Kita Y, Yuda T, Ikuno K, Okada Y, Shomoto K. Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation combined with physical therapy on pusher behavior in stroke patients: a case series. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;35(1):31-7. doi: 10.3233/NRE-141094.</citation>
    <PMID>24990006</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Parton A, Malhotra P, Husain M. Hemispatial neglect. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Jan;75(1):13-21.</citation>
    <PMID>14707298</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Perennou DA, Mazibrada G, Chauvineau V, Greenwood R, Rothwell J, Gresty MA, Bronstein AM. Lateropulsion, pushing and verticality perception in hemisphere stroke: a causal relationship? Brain. 2008 Sep;131(Pt 9):2401-13. doi: 10.1093/brain/awn170. Epub 2008 Aug 4.</citation>
    <PMID>18678565</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Utz KS, Korluss K, Schmidt L, Rosenthal A, Oppenlander K, Keller I, Kerkhoff G. Minor adverse effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation in persons with stroke and healthy individuals. Brain Inj. 2011;25(11):1058-69. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2011.607789. Epub 2011 Aug 31.</citation>
    <PMID>21879800</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>January 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 31, 2019</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>February 4, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">February 6, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 25, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 25, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">January 27, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>stroke</keyword>
  <keyword>galvanic vestibular stimulation</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Syndrome</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03831594
org study id: 222784
nct id: NCT03831594
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
is us export: No
The study is evaluating the effect of combining Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) with
      standard Physiotherapy treatment in patients admitted to a neurological rehabilitation unit
      with Pusher syndrome (PS). Patients will be randomised to receive standard Physiotherapy
      treatment or standard treatment with GVS.

      Perceived verticality data will also be collected and analysed on age-matched controls. This
      data will be used to compare these results with the patients with PS.

      The investigators hypothesis that GVS and standard Physiotherapy treatment will lead to a
      greater improvement in functional ability and awareness of perceived verticality compared to
      standard Physiotherapy alone.
Pusher syndrome (PS) can be described as disordered balance and orientation which causes
      patients to perceive they are in an upright position when in fact they are positioned towards
      their affected side. These patients use their unaffected limbs to 'push' themselves away from
      their unaffected side in an attempt to correct their perceived postural alignment. PS is a
      common disorder and can affect 16% of stroke patients.

      Patients with PS have shown to take longer to improve in rehabilitation than non-PS patients
      and tend to stay in hospital for longer.

      Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) involves passing a small electrical current behind the
      ear to stimulate the vestibular system to in-turn cause the head and body to move.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Participant)
measure: Scale of Contraversive Pushing
time frame: Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2
description: This is made up of 3 components: 1.The symmetry of spontaneous body posture (rated with 0, 0.25, 0.75, or 1 point. 1 = severe tilt, 0 = no tilt), 2. The use of non-paretic extremities (0, 0.5, or 1 point. 1 = performed spontaneously at rest), 3. The resistance to passive correction of the tilted posture (0 or 1 point. 1 = resistance occurs). For a diagnosis of Pusher Syndrome all 3 components need to be present.
measure: The Burke Lateropulsion Scale
time frame: Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2
description: Test of pushing. The score for each component is rated on a scale from 0 to 3 (0 to 4 for standing) and the score is based on the severity of resistance or the tilt angle when the patient begins to resist the passive movement. The score for diagnosis of Pusher behaviour is ≥2 points
measure: Catherine Bergago Scale
time frame: Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2
description: The Catherine Bergego Scale is a standardized checklist (10 everyday tasks) to detect presence and degree of neglect during observation of everyday life situations. The scale also provides a measure of neglect self-awareness (anosognosia).4 point rating scale indicating severity of neglect (0 = no neglect, 3 = severe neglect).
measure: Mesulam's symbol cancellation test
time frame: Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2
description: Mesulam's symbol cancellation test provides a measure of neglect, organisational process, and attention.
measure: Berg Balance Scale
time frame: Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2
description: 14-item scale designed to measure balance of the older adult in a clinical setting. A five-point ordinal scale, ranging from 0-4. "0" indicates the lowest level of function and "4" the highest level of function. Score the LOWEST performance. Total Score = 56
measure: Functional Impairment Measure
time frame: Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2
description: 18-item of physical, psychological and social function.The tool is used to assess a patient's level of disability as well as change in patient status in response to rehabilitation or medical intervention. Each item is scored on a 7 point ordinal scale, ranging from a score of 1 to a score of 7. The higher the score, the more independent the patient is in performing the task associated with that item.
measure: Subjective Visual Vertical
time frame: Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2
description: Test of perceived visual vertical alignment
measure: Subjective Postural Vertical
time frame: Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2
description: Test of perceived postural vertical alignment
measure: Subjective haptic vertical
time frame: Change from baseline, end of week 1 and end of week 2
description: Test of perceived haptic vertical alignment
arm group label: Standard Physiotherapy and Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation
arm group type: Experimental
description: Standard physiotherapy concurrently with Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation for 45 minutes a day for two weeks (five days per week)
arm group label: Standard Physiotherapy
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Standard Physiotherapy for 45 minutes a day for two weeks (five days per week)
intervention type: Device
intervention name: Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation
description: Electrical current (under 1.5mA) applied to the mastoid processes to stimulate the balance organs in the inner ear
arm group label: Standard Physiotherapy and Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Standard Physiotherapy
description: 45 minutes of standard physiotherapy treating impairments and functional problems
arm group label: Standard Physiotherapy
arm group label: Standard Physiotherapy and Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation
other name: Standard Physical Therapy
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: N/A
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Diego Kaski, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Imperial College London
facility: 
country: United Kingdom
citation: Baccini M, Paci M, Nannetti L, Biricolti C, Rinaldi LA. Scale for contraversive pushing: cutoff scores for diagnosing "pusher behavior" and construct validity. Phys Ther. 2008 Aug;88(8):947-55. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20070179. Epub 2008 Jul 10.
PMID: 18617579
citation: P. Azouvi (1996) Functional Consequences and Awareness of Unilateral Neglect: Study of an Evaluation Scale, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 6:2, 133-150, DOI: 10.1080/713755501
citation: Maggie J. Bailey, M. Jane Riddoch & Peter Crome (2004) Test-retest stability of three tests for unilateral visual neglect in patients with stroke: Star Cancellation, Line Bisection, and the Baking Tray Task, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 14:4, 403-419, DOI: 10.1080/09602010343000282
citation: Barra J, Marquer A, Joassin R, Reymond C, Metge L, Chauvineau V, Perennou D. Humans use internal models to construct and update a sense of verticality. Brain. 2010 Dec;133(Pt 12):3552-63. doi: 10.1093/brain/awq311. Epub 2010 Nov 19.
PMID: 21097492
citation: Day BL, Severac Cauquil A, Bartolomei L, Pastor MA, Lyon IN. Human body-segment tilts induced by galvanic stimulation: a vestibularly driven balance protection mechanism. J Physiol. 1997 May 1;500 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):661-72. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1997.sp022051.
PMID: 9161984
citation: Fitzpatrick RC, Wardman DL, Taylor JL. Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation during human walking. J Physiol. 1999 Jun 15;517 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):931-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0931s.x.
PMID: 10358131
citation: Karnath HO, Johannsen L, Broetz D, Ferber S, Dichgans J. Prognosis of contraversive pushing. J Neurol. 2002 Sep;249(9):1250-3. doi: 10.1007/s00415-002-0824-z.
PMID: 12242549
citation: Karnath HO, Broetz D. Understanding and treating "pusher syndrome". Phys Ther. 2003 Dec;83(12):1119-25.
PMID: 14640870
citation: Karnath HO. Pusher syndrome--a frequent but little-known disturbance of body orientation perception. J Neurol. 2007 Apr;254(4):415-24. doi: 10.1007/s00415-006-0341-6. Epub 2007 Mar 25.
PMID: 17385082
citation: Nakamura J, Kita Y, Yuda T, Ikuno K, Okada Y, Shomoto K. Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation combined with physical therapy on pusher behavior in stroke patients: a case series. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;35(1):31-7. doi: 10.3233/NRE-141094.
PMID: 24990006
citation: Parton A, Malhotra P, Husain M. Hemispatial neglect. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Jan;75(1):13-21.
PMID: 14707298
citation: Perennou DA, Mazibrada G, Chauvineau V, Greenwood R, Rothwell J, Gresty MA, Bronstein AM. Lateropulsion, pushing and verticality perception in hemisphere stroke: a causal relationship? Brain. 2008 Sep;131(Pt 9):2401-13. doi: 10.1093/brain/awn170. Epub 2008 Aug 4.
PMID: 18678565
citation: Utz KS, Korluss K, Schmidt L, Rosenthal A, Oppenlander K, Keller I, Kerkhoff G. Minor adverse effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation in persons with stroke and healthy individuals. Brain Inj. 2011;25(11):1058-69. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2011.607789. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
PMID: 21879800
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Syndrome