<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03772470</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>00007318-4.1</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03772470</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Use of Airtime Amounts to Improve Interactive Voice Response Surveys in Colombia and Tanzania</brief_title>
  <official_title>A Randomized Controlled Trial of Varying Airtime Amounts to Improve Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Survey Performance in Colombia and Tanzania</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>The Bloomberg Family Foundation, Inc.</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Ifakara Health Institute</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Pontificia Universidad Javeriana</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This study evaluates the effect of three different airtime incentive amounts on interactive&#xD;
      voice response (IVR) survey cooperation, response, refusal and contact rates, as compared to&#xD;
      control group, in Colombia and Tanzania.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Using random digit dialing (RDD) sampling technique, participants were randomized one of four&#xD;
      airtime incentive amounts contingent on them completing the noncommunicable disease risk&#xD;
      factor survey. This mobile phone survey will be sent as an interactive voice response (IVR).&#xD;
      In IVR surveys, participants use their touch tone key pad to answer pre-recorded questions.&#xD;
      (i.e. If you are male, pres 1; If you are female, press 2). This study will be conducted in&#xD;
      both Colombia and Tanzania.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">August 9, 2018</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">November 13, 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">November 13, 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Participants will be randomized to one of four airtime incentive amounts: 1) no incentive; 2) 1X incentive; 3) 2X incentive or 4) a lottery incentive, in which one out of every 20 participants will receive the incentive. Airtime incentives were sent if participants completed the noncommunicable disease risk factor survey.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Cooperation Rate #1</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, cooperation rate is defined as I/(I+P+R) where I is complete interviews, P is partial interviews, and R is refusals and breakoffs.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Response Rate #4</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, response rate is defined as (I+P)/(I+P+R+eU) where I is complete interviews, P is partial interviews, R is refusals and breakoffs, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Refusal Rate #2</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, refusal rate is defined as (R)/(I+P+R+eU) where R is refusals and breakoffs, I is complete interviews, P is partial interviews, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Contact Rate #2</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, contact rate is defined as (I+P+R)/(I+P+R+eU) where I is complete interviews, P is partial interviews, R is refusals and breakoffs, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>4</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">4723</enrollment>
  <condition>Surveys and Questionnaires</condition>
  <condition>Noncommunicable Diseases</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No airtime incentive was given for completing the survey</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>1X Incentive</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>1X airtime incentive</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>2X incentive</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>2X airtime incentive</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Lottery Incentive</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Lottery airtime incentive given to one in 20 participants</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>1X airtime incentive</intervention_name>
    <description>An incentive given in the form of airtime</description>
    <arm_group_label>1X Incentive</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>2X airtime incentive</intervention_name>
    <description>An incentive given in the form of airtime</description>
    <arm_group_label>2X incentive</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Lottery airtime incentive</intervention_name>
    <description>An incentive given in the form of airtime</description>
    <arm_group_label>Lottery Incentive</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Access to a mobile phone&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Greater or equal to 18 years of age&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  In Colombia, conversant in the Spanish language. In Tanzania, conversant in the&#xD;
             Swahili language.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Less than 18 years of age&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Adnan A Hyder, PhD, MBBS</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>George W. Pariyo, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Instituto de Salud Publica Pontificia Universidad Javeriana</name>
      <address>
        <city>Bogota</city>
        <state>D.c.</state>
        <country>Colombia</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Ifakara Health Institute</name>
      <address>
        <city>Dar Es Salaam</city>
        <country>Tanzania</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Colombia</country>
    <country>Tanzania</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gibson DG, Pariyo GW, Wosu AC, Greenleaf AR, Ali J, Ahmed S, Labrique AB, Islam K, Masanja H, Rutebemberwa E, Hyder AA. Evaluation of Mechanisms to Improve Performance of Mobile Phone Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Research Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc. 2017 May 5;6(5):e81. doi: 10.2196/resprot.7534.</citation>
    <PMID>28476729</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gibson DG, Pereira A, Farrenkopf BA, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW, Hyder AA. Mobile Phone Surveys for Collecting Population-Level Estimates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Literature Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e139. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7428.</citation>
    <PMID>28476725</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gibson DG, Farrenkopf BA, Pereira A, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW. The Development of an Interactive Voice Response Survey for Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Estimation: Technical Assessment and Cognitive Testing. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e112. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7340.</citation>
    <PMID>28476724</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hyder AA, Wosu AC, Gibson DG, Labrique AB, Ali J, Pariyo GW. Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors and Mobile Phones: A Proposed Research Agenda. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e133. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7246.</citation>
    <PMID>28476722</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>December 2018</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 10, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 10, 2018</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">December 11, 2018</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>December 10, 2018</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>December 10, 2018</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">December 11, 2018</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>mobile phone surveys</keyword>
  <keyword>interactive voice response</keyword>
  <keyword>incentive</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Noncommunicable Diseases</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03772470
org study id: 00007318-4.1
nct id: NCT03772470
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
This study evaluates the effect of three different airtime incentive amounts on interactive
      voice response (IVR) survey cooperation, response, refusal and contact rates, as compared to
      control group, in Colombia and Tanzania.
Using random digit dialing (RDD) sampling technique, participants were randomized one of four
      airtime incentive amounts contingent on them completing the noncommunicable disease risk
      factor survey. This mobile phone survey will be sent as an interactive voice response (IVR).
      In IVR surveys, participants use their touch tone key pad to answer pre-recorded questions.
      (i.e. If you are male, pres 1; If you are female, press 2). This study will be conducted in
      both Colombia and Tanzania.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Participants will be randomized to one of four airtime incentive amounts: 1) no incentive; 2) 1X incentive; 3) 2X incentive or 4) a lottery incentive, in which one out of every 20 participants will receive the incentive. Airtime incentives were sent if participants completed the noncommunicable disease risk factor survey.
primary purpose: Other
masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Cooperation Rate #1
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, cooperation rate is defined as I/(I+P+R) where I is complete interviews, P is partial interviews, and R is refusals and breakoffs.
measure: Response Rate #4
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, response rate is defined as (I+P)/(I+P+R+eU) where I is complete interviews, P is partial interviews, R is refusals and breakoffs, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns
measure: Refusal Rate #2
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, refusal rate is defined as (R)/(I+P+R+eU) where R is refusals and breakoffs, I is complete interviews, P is partial interviews, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns
measure: Contact Rate #2
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, contact rate is defined as (I+P+R)/(I+P+R+eU) where I is complete interviews, P is partial interviews, R is refusals and breakoffs, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns
arm group label: Control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No airtime incentive was given for completing the survey
arm group label: 1X Incentive
arm group type: Experimental
description: 1X airtime incentive
arm group label: 2X incentive
arm group type: Experimental
description: 2X airtime incentive
arm group label: Lottery Incentive
arm group type: Experimental
description: Lottery airtime incentive given to one in 20 participants
intervention type: Other
intervention name: 1X airtime incentive
description: An incentive given in the form of airtime
arm group label: 1X Incentive
intervention type: Other
intervention name: 2X airtime incentive
description: An incentive given in the form of airtime
arm group label: 2X incentive
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Lottery airtime incentive
description: An incentive given in the form of airtime
arm group label: Lottery Incentive
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Adnan A Hyder, PhD, MBBS
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
last name: George W. Pariyo, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
facility: 
facility: 
country: Colombia
country: Tanzania
citation: Gibson DG, Pariyo GW, Wosu AC, Greenleaf AR, Ali J, Ahmed S, Labrique AB, Islam K, Masanja H, Rutebemberwa E, Hyder AA. Evaluation of Mechanisms to Improve Performance of Mobile Phone Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Research Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc. 2017 May 5;6(5):e81. doi: 10.2196/resprot.7534.
PMID: 28476729
citation: Gibson DG, Pereira A, Farrenkopf BA, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW, Hyder AA. Mobile Phone Surveys for Collecting Population-Level Estimates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Literature Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e139. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7428.
PMID: 28476725
citation: Gibson DG, Farrenkopf BA, Pereira A, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW. The Development of an Interactive Voice Response Survey for Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Estimation: Technical Assessment and Cognitive Testing. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e112. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7340.
PMID: 28476724
citation: Hyder AA, Wosu AC, Gibson DG, Labrique AB, Ali J, Pariyo GW. Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors and Mobile Phones: A Proposed Research Agenda. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e133. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7246.
PMID: 28476722
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Noncommunicable Diseases
sharing ipd: No