<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03753412</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>012370 CLEVERER</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03753412</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Recovery From ICUAW Following Severe Respiratory and Cardiac Failure</brief_title>
  <acronym>CLEVERER</acronym>
  <official_title>Prospective Observational Study Regarding the Determinants of Functional Disability and Quality of Life in Patients Recovering From Severe Acute Cardiac or Respiratory Failure Considered for Mechanical Cardiorespiratory Support (CLEVERER)</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Barts &amp; The London NHS Trust</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Queen Mary University of London</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Barts &amp; The London NHS Trust</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      To observe and identify determinants of recovery from intensive care unit-acquired weakness&#xD;
      (ICUAW) following a severe cardiorespiratory failure requiring extra-corporeal membrane&#xD;
      oxygenation (ECMO). Additionally, to discover the effects of ICUAW on physical function and&#xD;
      health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after critical illness. CLEVERER is a clinical&#xD;
      observational pilot study.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      To identify determinants of recovery from ICUAW and to discover the effects of ICUAW on&#xD;
      physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after critical illness. This&#xD;
      phenomenon has become more evident over recent years and still requires extensive research.&#xD;
&#xD;
      ICUAW is an umbrella term for more specifically polyneuropathy and myopathy. Recent research&#xD;
      has found that 50% of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery lose significant muscle&#xD;
      mass (9.6% in the wasters group) within the first seven days. These patients are receiving&#xD;
      relatively uncomplicated surgery yet still suffering from muscle breakdown, which cannot be&#xD;
      described by inactivity alone. The investigators wish to observe ICUAW in a real-life&#xD;
      context, however, where cases are always severe. ICUAW can lead to a significant increase in&#xD;
      mortality and morbidity. Risk factors for ICUAW include neuromuscular blocking agents,&#xD;
      hyperglycaemia, inactivity and sepsis. The correlation between a patient group with severe&#xD;
      cardiorespiratory failure and patient-centred outcomes during recovery such as functional&#xD;
      ability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been little studied.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Severe cardiac and respiratory failure can both be supported by a mechanical&#xD;
      cardio-respiratory support (MCS) including extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO);&#xD;
      therefore referral for this intervention can be used as a marker of the severest form of&#xD;
      cardiorespiratory failure. Both conditions are associated with a high incidence of collateral&#xD;
      multi-organ dysfunction and mortality; as well as long-term morbidity, loss of independence&#xD;
      and reduced quality of life. Patients with acute cardiac and respiratory failure referred to&#xD;
      St Bartholomew's hospital for consideration of MCS will be recruited by advice/guidance from&#xD;
      a personal and professional consultee.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFcsa) will be measured by ultrasound during the first&#xD;
      week of admission and at pre-determined time points. The RFcsa will be correlated with&#xD;
      indices of muscle strength, physical function and HRQoL. The investigators will also take&#xD;
      blood and urine samples on arrival and at pre-defined intervals during the patients'&#xD;
      admission for circulating and respiratory markers of sepsis, oxidative stress and organ&#xD;
      injury. A muscle biopsy will be taken from the operation field if the patient is centrally&#xD;
      cannulated when initiating ECMO.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The primary Objective is to identify determinants of recovery from ICUAW and to discover the&#xD;
      effects of ICUAW on physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after severe&#xD;
      cardiorespiratory failure. Specifically, to observe the cross-sectional area of the Rectus&#xD;
      Femoris (RFcsa) and correlate this with muscle strength and HRQoL during recovery. RFcsa,&#xD;
      hand-held dynamometry, knee straightening dynamometry, Free Fat Mass Index, standing and&#xD;
      lying vital capacity, MRC-SS sum score and short physical performance battery (SPPB) will be&#xD;
      observed. Also, HRQoL will be measured using the reintegration to normal living index (RNLI),&#xD;
      hospital and anxiety depression score (HADS)and the EQ-5D-5L (EuroQol research foundation).&#xD;
      Additionally, we have composed a 10 item questionnaire to assess pre-morbid functional&#xD;
      status. The primary endpoint will be once all these data are gathered and analysed.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The secondary aim is to understand the molecular and genomic profile of blood samples and the&#xD;
      histology of the muscle biopsies. The objective will be supported with additional data from&#xD;
      urine analysis (albumin-creatinine ratio) and vascular endothelial cells. The secondary&#xD;
      endpoint will be once these data are collected and analysed.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Active, not recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">April 9, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">September 26, 2023</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">September 26, 2023</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Cohort</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>To observe the change in cross sectional area of the Rectus Femoris (RFcsa, measured in cm2) during critical illness and recovery.</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year.</time_frame>
    <description>RFcsa will be calculated using B-mode ultrasound (US) at pre-determined time points. Additionally, the images acquired will have histogram analysis in adobe photoshop software. The RFcsa will be correlated with indices of muscle strength and HRQoL. A larger RFcsa with reduced pixel density suggests greater muscle quality and function.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>To Observe a change in Hand Held Dynamometry strength and correlate this with RFcsa, function and HRQoL during critical illness and recovery.</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year.</time_frame>
    <description>Hand-held dynamometry will be calculated using the JAMAR hand-held hydraulic dynamometer. We will assess both hands and take the mean of 3 trials, producing a maximal grip result. A higher score indicates better global strength and function.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>To observe a change in Knee straightening dynamometry, strength and joint moment (torque) and correlate this with RFcsa, function and HRQoL during critical illness and recovery.</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year</time_frame>
    <description>The test will be conducted using a Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester. Joint knee moment (torque) and strength will be measured. A higher result from joint knee moment and strength indicates a greater global strength and function.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>To test the Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC-SS). MRC-SS measures global strength and ambulation</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year.</time_frame>
    <description>This test will be conducted once to reaffirm whether patients' have ICUAW. A score can range from 0 (paralysis) to 60 (normal strength). A score of less than 48 indicates the patient has ICUAW. Therefore, a lower score is associated with worse outcomes.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>To observe a change in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and correlate this with RFcsa, function and HRQoL during critical illness and recovery</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year.</time_frame>
    <description>SPPB will be used as a further marker of functional status. The patient can score between 0 (poor functional status) and 12 (good functional status).</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Lying and Standing Vital Capacity (FVC - forced vital capacity) and correlate this with RFcsa, function and HRQoL during critical illness and recovery.</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year</time_frame>
    <description>Lying and standing vital capacity will be measured using a hand held spirometer. The test score will be compared to the predicted normal value based on age, height, race and gender. A result is considered normal if it is 80 percent or more of the predicted value.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>To measure a change in Free Fat Mass Index (FFMI) and correlate this with RFcsa, function and HRQoL during critical illness and recovery.</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year</time_frame>
    <description>Free fat mass index (FFMI) and free fat mass (FFM) will be measured using the bodystat 1500 device. Other values will also be recorded from the test including body fat percentage and lean mass percentage. The body stat 1500 is an electrical device that uses electrical impedance to obtain results (objective data). Results will be compared to predicted values based on age, sex, height and weight.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>To measure the EQ-5D-5L (Euroscore) to assess general health and correlate this with the primary objective (RFcsa).</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year</time_frame>
    <description>EQ5D-5L is a standardised tool that provides a simple generic measure of health. A summation of all the levels will be converted to a single index value using the EQ5D-5L crosswalk index value calculator. The general health score can range from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). Additionally, a health state ranging from level 1 (indicating no problem) to level 5 (indicating extreme problems) can be calculated using the descriptive system and its five dimensions.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Hospital anxiety and depression score (HADS) to assess HRQoL and correlate this with the overall primary objective (RFcsa).</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year</time_frame>
    <description>The HADS is an assessment that measures whether a patient is suffering from anxiety or depression. HADS is a self assessment consisting of 16 items. A result between 0 and 7 indicates a normal case, between 8 and 10 indicates borderline abnormal and between 11 and 21 indicates abnormal levels of anxiety and depression.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Reintegration to normal living index (RNLI) to assess HRQoL and correlate this with the overall primary objective (RFcsa).</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year</time_frame>
    <description>The RNLI is a 5 domain 11-tool item aimed at assessing the degree to which patients' who have experienced traumatic and incapacitating illness achieve reintegration into society. The RNLI score is based out of 110, which will be proportionally converted to create a score of 100. Zero indicates no integration whereas 100 implies full integration.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>10-item questionnaire to assess HRQoL (pre-morbid functional status) and correlate this with the overall primary objective.</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0 (on admission)</time_frame>
    <description>This is a locally devised questionnaire that is answered by the patients' next of kin due to them being incapacitated. We will correlate these results with the other HRQoL questionnaires.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>The secondary aim is to understand the molecular profile (bloods).</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year</time_frame>
    <description>Blood analysis will contain and analyse but not limited to markers of oxidative stress injury, inflammation, MiRNA and injury to multiple organs will be quantified. We will collect, store and analyse buffy coat and plasma to understand these profiles.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Urine Analysis</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to approximately 1 year</time_frame>
    <description>Urine analysis measures albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR).</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Muscle Biopsy</measure>
    <time_frame>Intra operatively</time_frame>
    <description>A muscle biopsy will be taken from patients whilst under anaesthesia. The biopsy observes pathways relevant to muscle homeostasis using biochemical and molecular techniques.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Vascular endothelial cell sampling</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 0.</time_frame>
    <description>Cell samples will be acquired from insertion of the central line.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Cardiac post operative morbidity score (C-POMS) will be used to calculate total morbidity risk.</measure>
    <time_frame>Time Frame: Day 3, day 5, day 8 and day 15 post ECMO initiation.</time_frame>
    <description>C-POMS is additional data that will be collected and analysed. C-POMS is a validated tool assessing in-hospital morbidity burden (score 0-13) derived by noting the presence of 13 morbidity domains (pulmonary, infectious, renal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurological, haematological, wounds, pain, endocrine, electrolytes, review and assisted ambulation) on days 3, 5, 8 and 15 after cardiac surgery. A higher score indicates a greater morbidity burden. Although ECMO is not considered cardiac surgery we can still utilise C-POMS as a descriptive measure.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>1</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">100</enrollment>
  <condition>Intensive Care Unit Syndrome</condition>
  <condition>Intensive Care Neuropathy</condition>
  <condition>Intensive Care (ICU) Myopathy</condition>
  <condition>Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</condition>
  <condition>Cardiac Failure</condition>
  <condition>Respiratory Failure</condition>
  <condition>Critical Illness Myopathy</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>ICUAW ECMO group</arm_group_label>
    <description>The physical and psychological effects of ICUAW on patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe cardiorespiratory failure will be observed. Physical function and HRQoL will be analysed and correlated with RFcsa. Additionally, biological markers will be used to understand molecular and genomic profiles.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <biospec_retention>Samples With DNA</biospec_retention>
  <biospec_descr>
    <textblock>
      Muscle Biopsies will be taken for histology examination at the time of surgery if the&#xD;
      patients are centrally cannulated. Blood samples will be collected at specific time points to&#xD;
      assess for mediators and markers of oxidative stress injury (e.g. 8-isoprostane),&#xD;
      inflammation (e.g. interleukin-6 and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor) and injury to&#xD;
      multiple organs will be quantified. Urine will be collected to assess albumin-creatinine&#xD;
      ration (ACR). Vascular endothelial cells will be analysed for cell culture and profile.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </biospec_descr>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        Adults with severe cardiac or respiratory failure requiring extra-corporeal membrane&#xD;
        oxygenation with no pre-existing muscle weakness or wasting.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Above the age of 18&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Adults with severe cardio-respiratory failure requiring ECMO.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Adults who have had personal and professional consultees agree to enrol them in the&#xD;
             trial.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Previous Stroke&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Neuromuscular disease&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Malignancy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Underlying neuromuscular disease&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  paediatrics&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Mark Griffiths, PhD FRCP</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Substantive Employee and primary supervisor to PhD student</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Julie Sanders, MSc, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Director of research and supervisor to PhD student</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Ashley Thomas, MSc</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Substantive employee and PhD student</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>St Bartholomew's hospital (Barts NHS trust)</name>
      <address>
        <city>London</city>
        <zip>EC1A 7BE</zip>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United Kingdom</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bloch SA, Donaldson AV, Lewis A, Banya WA, Polkey MI, Griffiths MJ, Kemp PR. MiR-181a: a potential biomarker of acute muscle wasting following elective high-risk cardiothoracic surgery. Crit Care. 2015 Apr 7;19(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0853-5.</citation>
    <PMID>25888214</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>January 2023</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 5, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>November 22, 2018</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">November 27, 2018</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 31, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 31, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">February 1, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)</keyword>
  <keyword>Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness (ICUAW)</keyword>
  <keyword>Critical Illness Polyneuromyopathy (CIPM)</keyword>
  <keyword>Ultrasound (US)</keyword>
  <keyword>Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Muscular Diseases</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Respiratory Insufficiency</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Acute Lung Injury</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Heart Failure</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Syndrome</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Critical Illness</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03753412
org study id: 012370 CLEVERER
nct id: NCT03753412
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
To observe and identify determinants of recovery from intensive care unit-acquired weakness
      (ICUAW) following a severe cardiorespiratory failure requiring extra-corporeal membrane
      oxygenation (ECMO). Additionally, to discover the effects of ICUAW on physical function and
      health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after critical illness. CLEVERER is a clinical
      observational pilot study.
To identify determinants of recovery from ICUAW and to discover the effects of ICUAW on
      physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after critical illness. This
      phenomenon has become more evident over recent years and still requires extensive research.

      ICUAW is an umbrella term for more specifically polyneuropathy and myopathy. Recent research
      has found that 50% of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery lose significant muscle
      mass (9.6% in the wasters group) within the first seven days. These patients are receiving
      relatively uncomplicated surgery yet still suffering from muscle breakdown, which cannot be
      described by inactivity alone. The investigators wish to observe ICUAW in a real-life
      context, however, where cases are always severe. ICUAW can lead to a significant increase in
      mortality and morbidity. Risk factors for ICUAW include neuromuscular blocking agents,
      hyperglycaemia, inactivity and sepsis. The correlation between a patient group with severe
      cardiorespiratory failure and patient-centred outcomes during recovery such as functional
      ability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been little studied.

      Severe cardiac and respiratory failure can both be supported by a mechanical
      cardio-respiratory support (MCS) including extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO);
      therefore referral for this intervention can be used as a marker of the severest form of
      cardiorespiratory failure. Both conditions are associated with a high incidence of collateral
      multi-organ dysfunction and mortality; as well as long-term morbidity, loss of independence
      and reduced quality of life. Patients with acute cardiac and respiratory failure referred to
      St Bartholomew's hospital for consideration of MCS will be recruited by advice/guidance from
      a personal and professional consultee.

      Rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFcsa) will be measured by ultrasound during the first
      week of admission and at pre-determined time points. The RFcsa will be correlated with
      indices of muscle strength, physical function and HRQoL. The investigators will also take
      blood and urine samples on arrival and at pre-defined intervals during the patients'
      admission for circulating and respiratory markers of sepsis, oxidative stress and organ
      injury. A muscle biopsy will be taken from the operation field if the patient is centrally
      cannulated when initiating ECMO.

      The primary Objective is to identify determinants of recovery from ICUAW and to discover the
      effects of ICUAW on physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after severe
      cardiorespiratory failure. Specifically, to observe the cross-sectional area of the Rectus
      Femoris (RFcsa) and correlate this with muscle strength and HRQoL during recovery. RFcsa,
      hand-held dynamometry, knee straightening dynamometry, Free Fat Mass Index, standing and
      lying vital capacity, MRC-SS sum score and short physical performance battery (SPPB) will be
      observed. Also, HRQoL will be measured using the reintegration to normal living index (RNLI),
      hospital and anxiety depression score (HADS)and the EQ-5D-5L (EuroQol research foundation).
      Additionally, we have composed a 10 item questionnaire to assess pre-morbid functional
      status. The primary endpoint will be once all these data are gathered and analysed.

      The secondary aim is to understand the molecular and genomic profile of blood samples and the
      histology of the muscle biopsies. The objective will be supported with additional data from
      urine analysis (albumin-creatinine ratio) and vascular endothelial cells. The secondary
      endpoint will be once these data are collected and analysed.
observational model: Cohort
time perspective: Prospective
measure: To observe the change in cross sectional area of the Rectus Femoris (RFcsa, measured in cm2) during critical illness and recovery.
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year.
description: RFcsa will be calculated using B-mode ultrasound (US) at pre-determined time points. Additionally, the images acquired will have histogram analysis in adobe photoshop software. The RFcsa will be correlated with indices of muscle strength and HRQoL. A larger RFcsa with reduced pixel density suggests greater muscle quality and function.
measure: To Observe a change in Hand Held Dynamometry strength and correlate this with RFcsa, function and HRQoL during critical illness and recovery.
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year.
description: Hand-held dynamometry will be calculated using the JAMAR hand-held hydraulic dynamometer. We will assess both hands and take the mean of 3 trials, producing a maximal grip result. A higher score indicates better global strength and function.
measure: To observe a change in Knee straightening dynamometry, strength and joint moment (torque) and correlate this with RFcsa, function and HRQoL during critical illness and recovery.
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year
description: The test will be conducted using a Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester. Joint knee moment (torque) and strength will be measured. A higher result from joint knee moment and strength indicates a greater global strength and function.
measure: To test the Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC-SS). MRC-SS measures global strength and ambulation
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year.
description: This test will be conducted once to reaffirm whether patients' have ICUAW. A score can range from 0 (paralysis) to 60 (normal strength). A score of less than 48 indicates the patient has ICUAW. Therefore, a lower score is associated with worse outcomes.
measure: To observe a change in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and correlate this with RFcsa, function and HRQoL during critical illness and recovery
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year.
description: SPPB will be used as a further marker of functional status. The patient can score between 0 (poor functional status) and 12 (good functional status).
measure: Lying and Standing Vital Capacity (FVC - forced vital capacity) and correlate this with RFcsa, function and HRQoL during critical illness and recovery.
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year
description: Lying and standing vital capacity will be measured using a hand held spirometer. The test score will be compared to the predicted normal value based on age, height, race and gender. A result is considered normal if it is 80 percent or more of the predicted value.
measure: To measure a change in Free Fat Mass Index (FFMI) and correlate this with RFcsa, function and HRQoL during critical illness and recovery.
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year
description: Free fat mass index (FFMI) and free fat mass (FFM) will be measured using the bodystat 1500 device. Other values will also be recorded from the test including body fat percentage and lean mass percentage. The body stat 1500 is an electrical device that uses electrical impedance to obtain results (objective data). Results will be compared to predicted values based on age, sex, height and weight.
measure: To measure the EQ-5D-5L (Euroscore) to assess general health and correlate this with the primary objective (RFcsa).
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year
description: EQ5D-5L is a standardised tool that provides a simple generic measure of health. A summation of all the levels will be converted to a single index value using the EQ5D-5L crosswalk index value calculator. The general health score can range from 0 (worst health imaginable) to 100 (best health imaginable). Additionally, a health state ranging from level 1 (indicating no problem) to level 5 (indicating extreme problems) can be calculated using the descriptive system and its five dimensions.
measure: Hospital anxiety and depression score (HADS) to assess HRQoL and correlate this with the overall primary objective (RFcsa).
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year
description: The HADS is an assessment that measures whether a patient is suffering from anxiety or depression. HADS is a self assessment consisting of 16 items. A result between 0 and 7 indicates a normal case, between 8 and 10 indicates borderline abnormal and between 11 and 21 indicates abnormal levels of anxiety and depression.
measure: Reintegration to normal living index (RNLI) to assess HRQoL and correlate this with the overall primary objective (RFcsa).
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year
description: The RNLI is a 5 domain 11-tool item aimed at assessing the degree to which patients' who have experienced traumatic and incapacitating illness achieve reintegration into society. The RNLI score is based out of 110, which will be proportionally converted to create a score of 100. Zero indicates no integration whereas 100 implies full integration.
measure: 10-item questionnaire to assess HRQoL (pre-morbid functional status) and correlate this with the overall primary objective.
time frame: Day 0 (on admission)
description: This is a locally devised questionnaire that is answered by the patients' next of kin due to them being incapacitated. We will correlate these results with the other HRQoL questionnaires.
measure: The secondary aim is to understand the molecular profile (bloods).
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year
description: Blood analysis will contain and analyse but not limited to markers of oxidative stress injury, inflammation, MiRNA and injury to multiple organs will be quantified. We will collect, store and analyse buffy coat and plasma to understand these profiles.
measure: Urine Analysis
time frame: Up to approximately 1 year
description: Urine analysis measures albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR).
measure: Muscle Biopsy
time frame: Intra operatively
description: A muscle biopsy will be taken from patients whilst under anaesthesia. The biopsy observes pathways relevant to muscle homeostasis using biochemical and molecular techniques.
measure: Vascular endothelial cell sampling
time frame: Day 0.
description: Cell samples will be acquired from insertion of the central line.
measure: Cardiac post operative morbidity score (C-POMS) will be used to calculate total morbidity risk.
time frame: Time Frame: Day 3, day 5, day 8 and day 15 post ECMO initiation.
description: C-POMS is additional data that will be collected and analysed. C-POMS is a validated tool assessing in-hospital morbidity burden (score 0-13) derived by noting the presence of 13 morbidity domains (pulmonary, infectious, renal, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurological, haematological, wounds, pain, endocrine, electrolytes, review and assisted ambulation) on days 3, 5, 8 and 15 after cardiac surgery. A higher score indicates a greater morbidity burden. Although ECMO is not considered cardiac surgery we can still utilise C-POMS as a descriptive measure.
arm group label: ICUAW ECMO group
description: The physical and psychological effects of ICUAW on patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe cardiorespiratory failure will be observed. Physical function and HRQoL will be analysed and correlated with RFcsa. Additionally, biological markers will be used to understand molecular and genomic profiles.
Muscle Biopsies will be taken for histology examination at the time of surgery if the
      patients are centrally cannulated. Blood samples will be collected at specific time points to
      assess for mediators and markers of oxidative stress injury (e.g. 8-isoprostane),
      inflammation (e.g. interleukin-6 and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor) and injury to
      multiple organs will be quantified. Urine will be collected to assess albumin-creatinine
      ration (ACR). Vascular endothelial cells will be analysed for cell culture and profile.
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Mark Griffiths, PhD FRCP
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Substantive Employee and primary supervisor to PhD student
last name: Julie Sanders, MSc, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Director of research and supervisor to PhD student
last name: Ashley Thomas, MSc
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Substantive employee and PhD student
facility: 
country: United Kingdom
citation: Bloch SA, Donaldson AV, Lewis A, Banya WA, Polkey MI, Griffiths MJ, Kemp PR. MiR-181a: a potential biomarker of acute muscle wasting following elective high-risk cardiothoracic surgery. Crit Care. 2015 Apr 7;19(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0853-5.
PMID: 25888214
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Muscular Diseases
mesh term: Respiratory Distress Syndrome
mesh term: Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
mesh term: Respiratory Insufficiency
mesh term: Acute Lung Injury
mesh term: Heart Failure
mesh term: Syndrome
mesh term: Critical Illness
sharing ipd: No