<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03767010</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>18.275</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03767010</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Implementation and Evaluation of a Perceptual Learning Module on the Identification of the Brachial Plexus</brief_title>
  <acronym>MAP-IS</acronym>
  <official_title>Implementation and Evaluation of a Perceptual Learning Module Aimed at Improving the Identification of the Brachial Plexus in the Interscalene Groove With Ultrasound</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Université de Montréal</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Purpose:&#xD;
&#xD;
      This study is designed to:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. Implement a website hosting perceptual learning modules (PLMs)&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. Implement and assess a PLM designed to improve the capacity of fourth-year medical&#xD;
           students and first-year residents (novices) to locate the brachial plexus (BP) at the&#xD;
           level of the interscalene groove on surface ultrasound images.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Hypothesis: The hypothesis of the study is that the PLM will improve the ability of novices&#xD;
      to correctly locate the BP at the level of the interscalene groove on surface ultrasound&#xD;
      images, compared to a control group.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Introduction:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Regional anesthesia has greatly benefited in recent years from the use of ultrasound to&#xD;
      facilitate the location of nerves and of their surrounding structures. Allowing real-time&#xD;
      visualization of anatomical structures, ultrasound has been shown to improve the success rate&#xD;
      of blocks, to decrease procedure times and to improve patient safety by reducing accidental&#xD;
      injections into vessels and nerves.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia training, however, remains a long process. The&#xD;
      conventional way to develop expertise is to practice on patients. The learner does the&#xD;
      techniques under the supervision of an expert, who gives him feedback. While well&#xD;
      established, this approach has several limitations: In addition to being time-consuming, it&#xD;
      is limited by the number of available cases and access to supervising experts.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Perceptual learning modules (PLMs) represent an alternative modality to teach image&#xD;
      interpretation in regional anesthesia and are already used in other fields. PLMs are online&#xD;
      tools created to enhance the development of pattern recognition, a skill required to&#xD;
      efficiently interpret ultrasound-guided images. With PLMs, learners observe a series of&#xD;
      images or videoclips and must answer a question about each image in a short period of time.&#xD;
      Each answer is followed immediately by feedback (the correct answer). By observing a large&#xD;
      number of images online and by receiving systematic and expert feedback, the trainee quickly&#xD;
      learns to extract efficiently the required information from the image.&#xD;
&#xD;
      PLMs developed with real ultrasound images could complement current training methods in&#xD;
      regional anesthesia. A PLM could be especially useful for learning the interscalene block.&#xD;
      Identification of the BP in the interscalene groove is often difficult in the absence of a&#xD;
      reliable vascular marker. Furthermore, the presence of important surrounding structures to be&#xD;
      avoided, like the vertebral artery and the pleura, make accurate image interpretation crucial&#xD;
      to avoid complications.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The aim of this study is to set up a PLM focusing on the location of the BP in the&#xD;
      interscalene groove using ultrasound imaging. As a first step, ultrasound images of the neck&#xD;
      of healthy volunteers will be collected. Subsequently, these images will be uploaded on a&#xD;
      secured website and interpreted by experts. Finally, a study will be undertaken to test&#xD;
      whether the PLM improves the ability of medical students and junior residents (novices) to&#xD;
      correctly locate the brachial plexus in the interscalene groove using ultrasound images.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Methods:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Development of a website to host the new PLM from an already existing model&#xD;
&#xD;
      Two professional programmers collaborating with our team have already developed a website to&#xD;
      host and evaluate another PLM. Using this site as a template, the same programmers will be&#xD;
      responsible for creating a similar website for this project.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Acquisition of images in healthy volunteers&#xD;
&#xD;
      Each volunteer will correspond to a case and each case will consist of three elements:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. A video of approximately thirty seconds of ultrasound images of the neck;&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. A video taken simultaneously showing the position of the operator's hand and of the&#xD;
           ultrasound probe on the volunteer's neck as the ultrasound images shown in the first&#xD;
           video are being acquired;&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. A static image corresponding to one of the last frames of the first clip.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Validation of cases by experts and construction of a case bank&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. Prior to inclusion in the study, the selected cases will be anonymized and uploaded to&#xD;
           the website and then validated independently by 3 anesthesiologists who are experts in&#xD;
           regional anesthesia;&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. For each case, each expert will have to circle the BP on the static image after viewing&#xD;
           the simultaneous videos without time limitation;&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. For each case, in addition to identifying and locating the BP, the experts will have to&#xD;
           rate the difficulty of identifying and locating the BP on a 4 point Likert scale.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Recruitment of volunteers will continue until a sufficient number of validated cases is&#xD;
      available to build the PLM and two tests.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Development of the PLM (20 cases)&#xD;
&#xD;
      The PLM will be developed with validated cases distinct from those of the performance tests&#xD;
      and will have the following characteristics:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. For each case, both videos will play simultaneously and loop for up to 90 seconds;&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. A static image including the BP will also be displayed;&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. Participants will need to move a pointer over the static image and place it anywhere&#xD;
           over what they think is the BP;&#xD;
&#xD;
        4. The website will then provide feedback to the participants: the BP will be highlighted&#xD;
           on the static image for up to 30 seconds;&#xD;
&#xD;
        5. After the feedback, the following case will be presented.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Two blocks of 10 cases will be formed. These blocks will contain the same proportion of&#xD;
      &quot;easy&quot; &quot;moderate&quot; and &quot;hard&quot; cases. Cases within a block will be shown in a random order, but&#xD;
      participants will always see the two blocks in the same order.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Development and validation of two tests to assess the performance of learners (10 cases each)&#xD;
&#xD;
      The objective of the tests is different from that of the PLM since their purpose is to assess&#xD;
      the ability of participants to correctly identify the BP at different points during the&#xD;
      study. These tests will have the same format as the PLM, except that no expert feedback will&#xD;
      be provided after each case.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Two test version will be created with different cases. The order of the cases within a test&#xD;
      will be random.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Pilot study of the effect of PLM on learner performance&#xD;
&#xD;
      Fourth-year medical students and first-year residents in anesthesiology will be invited to&#xD;
      participate via email. Consent will be given online. In the first session, participants will&#xD;
      complete a short online questionnaire about their demographics and clinical experience with&#xD;
      ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. They will also be shown a short tutorial to&#xD;
      familiarize them with the platform, with basic sonoanatomy of the neck, and with the&#xD;
      ultrasound scanning technique.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Subsequently, they will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: Control Group or PLM&#xD;
      Group. Both groups will participate in two on-line sessions. The project will proceed as&#xD;
      follows according to the participant assignment group:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. Control Group (tests only)&#xD;
&#xD;
             -  First 30-minute session, immediately after agreeing to participate in the study&#xD;
&#xD;
                  -  pre-test (10 cases)&#xD;
&#xD;
                  -  post-test (10 cases)&#xD;
&#xD;
             -  Second session lasting 15 minutes, 6 months after the first session&#xD;
&#xD;
                  -  6 months post-test (10 cases)&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. PLM Group (tests and PLM)&#xD;
&#xD;
             -  First session of 1h10, immediately after agreeing to participate in the study&#xD;
&#xD;
                  -  pre-test (10 cases)&#xD;
&#xD;
                  -  PLM (20 cases with feedback)&#xD;
&#xD;
                  -  post-test (10 cases)&#xD;
&#xD;
             -  Second session lasting 15 minutes, 6 months after the first session&#xD;
&#xD;
                  -  6 months post-test (10 cases)&#xD;
&#xD;
      At the end of the study, participants of the Control group will be allowed to complete the&#xD;
      PLM if they wish to.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">February 12, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">February 19, 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">February 19, 2021</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Prospective, randomized, open-label study</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Difference in correct locations of the BP between the pretest and the immediate post-test, for the Control group vs the PLM group.</measure>
    <time_frame>At baseline (pretest) and on the immediate post-test</time_frame>
    <description>The BP for a case will be considered correctly located if the participant has placed a pointer inside a predefined &quot;target zone&quot;, determined as representing the BP by three independent regional anesthesia experts.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Difference in the average distance of BP location</measure>
    <time_frame>At baseline (pretest) and on the immediate post-test</time_frame>
    <description>Difference in the average distance of the participant's pointer relative to the target zone between the pretest and the immediate post-test, for the Control group vs the PLM group.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Difference in correct locations of the BP</measure>
    <time_frame>At baseline (pretest) and on the delayed test at 6 months</time_frame>
    <description>Difference in correct locations of the BP between the pretest and the delayed post-test, for the Control group vs the PLM group.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Average response times during the various tests</measure>
    <time_frame>At baseline (pretest), on an immediate post-test, and on the delayed test at 6 months</time_frame>
    <description>This measure represents the fluency or automaticity with which images are interpreted, and can be used to evaluate the cognitive effort deployed to make a reading. Training not only allows the expert to make an accurate location. It also allows the expert to do it quickly, and therefore with little cognitive effort, an essential attribute in clinical practice.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>For the PLM group only, the evolution of the participants' accuracy during the PLM</measure>
    <time_frame>During the PLM, at the end of the first on-line session</time_frame>
    <description>The change in the participants' rate of correct answers as they progress through the PLM; indeed, since learners will evaluate all case blocks in the same order, we can estimate an average learning curve for our population (pretest vs block 1 vs block 2 vs post-test)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">52</enrollment>
  <condition>Medical Education</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control (no PLM)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Control: Pre, post, delayed test Participants will not do the PLM, but will perform a pretest, a posttest and a delayed test at 6 months</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Experimental (PLM)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Experimental: PLM group (pre, post, delayed test, PLM) Participants will do a pretest, the PLM, a posttest and a delayed test at 6 months</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Control (no PLM)</intervention_name>
    <description>Pre, post, delayed test Participants will perform a pretest, a posttest and a delayed test at 6 months.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Control (no PLM)</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>PLM</intervention_name>
    <description>PLM Participants will take the PLM on the location of the brachial plexus at the level of the interscalene groove on surface ultrasound images. They will also take a pretest, a post-test and a delayed test at 6 months. Pre, post, delayed test Participants will perform a pretest, a posttest and a delayed test at 6 months.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Experimental (PLM)</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Fourth-year medical students and first-year residents having access to a computer with&#xD;
             a high speed internet connection&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Fourth-year medical students and first-year residents with no significant experience&#xD;
             in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Smart phones and tablets will not be accepted due to their smaller screens.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Significant experience with ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>N/A</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Arnaud Robitaille, MD, FRCPC</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)</name>
      <address>
        <city>Montréal</city>
        <state>Quebec</state>
        <zip>H2X 3E4</zip>
        <country>Canada</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Canada</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>May 2022</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 5, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 5, 2018</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">December 6, 2018</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>May 26, 2022</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>May 26, 2022</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">May 27, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03767010
org study id: 18.275
nct id: NCT03767010
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Purpose:

      This study is designed to:

        1. Implement a website hosting perceptual learning modules (PLMs)

        2. Implement and assess a PLM designed to improve the capacity of fourth-year medical
           students and first-year residents (novices) to locate the brachial plexus (BP) at the
           level of the interscalene groove on surface ultrasound images.

      Hypothesis: The hypothesis of the study is that the PLM will improve the ability of novices
      to correctly locate the BP at the level of the interscalene groove on surface ultrasound
      images, compared to a control group.
Introduction:

      Regional anesthesia has greatly benefited in recent years from the use of ultrasound to
      facilitate the location of nerves and of their surrounding structures. Allowing real-time
      visualization of anatomical structures, ultrasound has been shown to improve the success rate
      of blocks, to decrease procedure times and to improve patient safety by reducing accidental
      injections into vessels and nerves.

      Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia training, however, remains a long process. The
      conventional way to develop expertise is to practice on patients. The learner does the
      techniques under the supervision of an expert, who gives him feedback. While well
      established, this approach has several limitations: In addition to being time-consuming, it
      is limited by the number of available cases and access to supervising experts.

      Perceptual learning modules (PLMs) represent an alternative modality to teach image
      interpretation in regional anesthesia and are already used in other fields. PLMs are online
      tools created to enhance the development of pattern recognition, a skill required to
      efficiently interpret ultrasound-guided images. With PLMs, learners observe a series of
      images or videoclips and must answer a question about each image in a short period of time.
      Each answer is followed immediately by feedback (the correct answer). By observing a large
      number of images online and by receiving systematic and expert feedback, the trainee quickly
      learns to extract efficiently the required information from the image.

      PLMs developed with real ultrasound images could complement current training methods in
      regional anesthesia. A PLM could be especially useful for learning the interscalene block.
      Identification of the BP in the interscalene groove is often difficult in the absence of a
      reliable vascular marker. Furthermore, the presence of important surrounding structures to be
      avoided, like the vertebral artery and the pleura, make accurate image interpretation crucial
      to avoid complications.

      The aim of this study is to set up a PLM focusing on the location of the BP in the
      interscalene groove using ultrasound imaging. As a first step, ultrasound images of the neck
      of healthy volunteers will be collected. Subsequently, these images will be uploaded on a
      secured website and interpreted by experts. Finally, a study will be undertaken to test
      whether the PLM improves the ability of medical students and junior residents (novices) to
      correctly locate the brachial plexus in the interscalene groove using ultrasound images.

      Methods:

      Development of a website to host the new PLM from an already existing model

      Two professional programmers collaborating with our team have already developed a website to
      host and evaluate another PLM. Using this site as a template, the same programmers will be
      responsible for creating a similar website for this project.

      Acquisition of images in healthy volunteers

      Each volunteer will correspond to a case and each case will consist of three elements:

        1. A video of approximately thirty seconds of ultrasound images of the neck;

        2. A video taken simultaneously showing the position of the operator's hand and of the
           ultrasound probe on the volunteer's neck as the ultrasound images shown in the first
           video are being acquired;

        3. A static image corresponding to one of the last frames of the first clip.

      Validation of cases by experts and construction of a case bank

        1. Prior to inclusion in the study, the selected cases will be anonymized and uploaded to
           the website and then validated independently by 3 anesthesiologists who are experts in
           regional anesthesia;

        2. For each case, each expert will have to circle the BP on the static image after viewing
           the simultaneous videos without time limitation;

        3. For each case, in addition to identifying and locating the BP, the experts will have to
           rate the difficulty of identifying and locating the BP on a 4 point Likert scale.

      Recruitment of volunteers will continue until a sufficient number of validated cases is
      available to build the PLM and two tests.

      Development of the PLM (20 cases)

      The PLM will be developed with validated cases distinct from those of the performance tests
      and will have the following characteristics:

        1. For each case, both videos will play simultaneously and loop for up to 90 seconds;

        2. A static image including the BP will also be displayed;

        3. Participants will need to move a pointer over the static image and place it anywhere
           over what they think is the BP;

        4. The website will then provide feedback to the participants: the BP will be highlighted
           on the static image for up to 30 seconds;

        5. After the feedback, the following case will be presented.

      Two blocks of 10 cases will be formed. These blocks will contain the same proportion of
      "easy" "moderate" and "hard" cases. Cases within a block will be shown in a random order, but
      participants will always see the two blocks in the same order.

      Development and validation of two tests to assess the performance of learners (10 cases each)

      The objective of the tests is different from that of the PLM since their purpose is to assess
      the ability of participants to correctly identify the BP at different points during the
      study. These tests will have the same format as the PLM, except that no expert feedback will
      be provided after each case.

      Two test version will be created with different cases. The order of the cases within a test
      will be random.

      Pilot study of the effect of PLM on learner performance

      Fourth-year medical students and first-year residents in anesthesiology will be invited to
      participate via email. Consent will be given online. In the first session, participants will
      complete a short online questionnaire about their demographics and clinical experience with
      ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. They will also be shown a short tutorial to
      familiarize them with the platform, with basic sonoanatomy of the neck, and with the
      ultrasound scanning technique.

      Subsequently, they will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: Control Group or PLM
      Group. Both groups will participate in two on-line sessions. The project will proceed as
      follows according to the participant assignment group:

        1. Control Group (tests only)

             -  First 30-minute session, immediately after agreeing to participate in the study

                  -  pre-test (10 cases)

                  -  post-test (10 cases)

             -  Second session lasting 15 minutes, 6 months after the first session

                  -  6 months post-test (10 cases)

        2. PLM Group (tests and PLM)

             -  First session of 1h10, immediately after agreeing to participate in the study

                  -  pre-test (10 cases)

                  -  PLM (20 cases with feedback)

                  -  post-test (10 cases)

             -  Second session lasting 15 minutes, 6 months after the first session

                  -  6 months post-test (10 cases)

      At the end of the study, participants of the Control group will be allowed to complete the
      PLM if they wish to.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Prospective, randomized, open-label study
primary purpose: Other
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Difference in correct locations of the BP between the pretest and the immediate post-test, for the Control group vs the PLM group.
time frame: At baseline (pretest) and on the immediate post-test
description: The BP for a case will be considered correctly located if the participant has placed a pointer inside a predefined "target zone", determined as representing the BP by three independent regional anesthesia experts.
measure: Difference in the average distance of BP location
time frame: At baseline (pretest) and on the immediate post-test
description: Difference in the average distance of the participant's pointer relative to the target zone between the pretest and the immediate post-test, for the Control group vs the PLM group.
measure: Difference in correct locations of the BP
time frame: At baseline (pretest) and on the delayed test at 6 months
description: Difference in correct locations of the BP between the pretest and the delayed post-test, for the Control group vs the PLM group.
measure: Average response times during the various tests
time frame: At baseline (pretest), on an immediate post-test, and on the delayed test at 6 months
description: This measure represents the fluency or automaticity with which images are interpreted, and can be used to evaluate the cognitive effort deployed to make a reading. Training not only allows the expert to make an accurate location. It also allows the expert to do it quickly, and therefore with little cognitive effort, an essential attribute in clinical practice.
measure: For the PLM group only, the evolution of the participants' accuracy during the PLM
time frame: During the PLM, at the end of the first on-line session
description: The change in the participants' rate of correct answers as they progress through the PLM; indeed, since learners will evaluate all case blocks in the same order, we can estimate an average learning curve for our population (pretest vs block 1 vs block 2 vs post-test)
arm group label: Control (no PLM)
arm group type: Experimental
description: Control: Pre, post, delayed test Participants will not do the PLM, but will perform a pretest, a posttest and a delayed test at 6 months
arm group label: Experimental (PLM)
arm group type: Experimental
description: Experimental: PLM group (pre, post, delayed test, PLM) Participants will do a pretest, the PLM, a posttest and a delayed test at 6 months
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Control (no PLM)
description: Pre, post, delayed test Participants will perform a pretest, a posttest and a delayed test at 6 months.
arm group label: Control (no PLM)
intervention type: Other
intervention name: PLM
description: PLM Participants will take the PLM on the location of the brachial plexus at the level of the interscalene groove on surface ultrasound images. They will also take a pretest, a post-test and a delayed test at 6 months. Pre, post, delayed test Participants will perform a pretest, a posttest and a delayed test at 6 months.
arm group label: Experimental (PLM)
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: N/A
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Arnaud Robitaille, MD, FRCPC
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)
facility: 
country: Canada
responsible party type: Sponsor
sharing ipd: No