<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03806114</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>20180880</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03806114</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Dislocation Precautions</brief_title>
  <official_title>Impact of Dislocation Precautions on Fear and Function in Patients Undergoing Hip Replacement</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Ottawa Hospital Research Institute</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This study is looking at the impact of giving patients precautions, or restrictions for&#xD;
      movement, when undergoing a total hip replacement. Have of the participants will receive&#xD;
      precautions, while the other half will not receive any precautions.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Patients undergoing hip replacements are often told by health care providers to avoid&#xD;
      specific positions and activities to decrease the risk of their hip dislocating following&#xD;
      their surgery. This, however, results in patients becoming more fearful of moving and leads&#xD;
      to limitations in their function and decreased quality of life. Previous research has shown&#xD;
      that hip dislocations following surgery are most commonly attributed to poor implant position&#xD;
      rather than the actions of the patients. Teaching precautions takes up healthcare resources&#xD;
      and may use finances that are not necessarily required. This study aims to compare groups&#xD;
      with half receiving precautions and half not receiving precautions, to assess the impact of&#xD;
      precautions on the patients' quality of life.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 21, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 21, 2023</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">June 21, 2023</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Oxford Hip Score</measure>
    <time_frame>Week before surgery to 6 months after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>Assess function of the hip</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia</measure>
    <time_frame>Week before surgery to 6 months after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>This assesses kinesiophobia, using a 17 item scale with each item using a 4 point Likert scale . The final score is the sum of all questions except for 4, 8, 12 and 16 which has their score inverted before being added. The final score ranges from from 17-68 points with 68 being the highest degree of kinesiophobia.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Forgotten Joint Score</measure>
    <time_frame>6 weeks after surgery to 6 months after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>This measures awareness of a replaced joint</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in EQ-5D-5L</measure>
    <time_frame>Week before surgery to 6 months after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>This measures general health</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Canadian Patient Experience Survey - Inpatient Care (CPES-IC)</measure>
    <time_frame>At 2 weeks after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>This will measure the patients' experience.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>4</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">212</enrollment>
  <condition>Arthroplasty, Hip Replacement</condition>
  <condition>Arthroplasties, Hip Replacement</condition>
  <condition>Health-Related Quality Of Life</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Anterior Approach Precautions</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>This group receives precautions and have a total hip arthroplasty with a posterior approach.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Posterior Approach Precautions</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>This group receives precautions and have a total hip arthroplasty with a posterior approach.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Anterior Approach No Precautions</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>This group receives does not precautions and have a total hip arthroplasty with an anterior approach.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Posterior Approach No Precautions</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>This group receives does not receive precautions and have a total hip arthroplasty with a posterior approach.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Posterior Approach Precautions</intervention_name>
    <description>These patients will be advised not to bend their leg or trunk more than 90 degrees, avoid crossing the leg or crossing midline, and rotating the leg inwards. Patients will also be instructed to put a pillow in between their legs while sleeping for 6 weeks and to avoid bathing for 6 weeks.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Posterior Approach Precautions</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Anterior Approach Precautions</intervention_name>
    <description>These patients will be advised to avoid extending the leg back, rotating the leg outwards, and lifting their bottom when lying down after their surgery for 6 weeks.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Anterior Approach Precautions</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>No Precautions</intervention_name>
    <description>For the non-precautions group, there will be no mention of precautions by any providers before, during, and after surgery. No equipment will be given, but a list of self-care equipment will be available for 'comfort' purposes. Patients will be instructed to avoid bathing for 4 weeks. All groups will have instructions to use a walking aid and a toilet seat if needed, to weight-bear as tolerated, and to avoid driving for 3 weeks.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Anterior Approach No Precautions</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Posterior Approach No Precautions</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Receiving a primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to osteoarthritis or&#xD;
             osteonecrosis&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Over 18&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Willing and able to sign consent&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Receiving a lateral approach hip arthroplasty&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Cannot make follow up visits&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Johanna Dobransky</last_name>
    <phone>613-737-8899</phone>
    <phone_ext>78785</phone_ext>
    <email>jdobransky@ohri.ca</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <overall_contact_backup>
    <last_name>Meaghan Dufresne</last_name>
    <phone>613-737-8899</phone>
    <email>meadufresne@ohri.ca</email>
  </overall_contact_backup>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>The Ottawa Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Ottawa</city>
        <state>Ontario</state>
        <zip>K1H 8L6</zip>
        <country>Canada</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Johanna Dobransky</last_name>
      <phone>613-737-8899</phone>
      <phone_ext>78785</phone_ext>
      <email>jdobransky@ohri.ca</email>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Canada</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Seagrave KG, Troelsen A, Malchau H, Husted H, Gromov K. Acetabular cup position and risk of dislocation in primary total hip arthroplasty. Acta Orthop. 2017 Feb;88(1):10-17. doi: 10.1080/17453674.2016.1251255. Epub 2016 Nov 23.</citation>
    <PMID>27879150</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Smith TO, Jepson P, Beswick A, Sands G, Drummond A, Davis ET, Sackley CM. Assistive devices, hip precautions, environmental modifications and training to prevent dislocation and improve function after hip arthroplasty. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 4;7(7):CD010815. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010815.pub2.</citation>
    <PMID>27374001</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>van der Weegen W, Kornuijt A, Das D. Do lifestyle restrictions and precautions prevent dislocation after total hip arthroplasty? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Clin Rehabil. 2016 Apr;30(4):329-39. doi: 10.1177/0269215515579421. Epub 2015 Mar 31.</citation>
    <PMID>25834275</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Barnsley L, Barnsley L, Page R. Are Hip Precautions Necessary Post Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2015 Sep;6(3):230-5. doi: 10.1177/2151458515584640.</citation>
    <PMID>26328242</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Westby MD, Brittain A, Backman CL. Expert consensus on best practices for post-acute rehabilitation after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a Canada and United States Delphi study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014 Mar;66(3):411-23. doi: 10.1002/acr.22164.</citation>
    <PMID>24023047</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Vissers MM, Bussmann JB, Verhaar JA, Busschbach JJ, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Reijman M. Psychological factors affecting the outcome of total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Feb;41(4):576-88. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.07.003. Epub 2011 Oct 28.</citation>
    <PMID>22035624</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Swinkels-Meewisse EJ, Swinkels RA, Verbeek AL, Vlaeyen JW, Oostendorp RA. Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia and the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire in acute low back pain. Man Ther. 2003 Feb;8(1):29-36. doi: 10.1054/math.2002.0484.</citation>
    <PMID>12586559</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Pincus T, Vogel S, Burton AK, Santos R, Field AP. Fear avoidance and prognosis in back pain: a systematic review and synthesis of current evidence. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Dec;54(12):3999-4010. doi: 10.1002/art.22273.</citation>
    <PMID>17133530</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Darlow B, Fullen BM, Dean S, Hurley DA, Baxter GD, Dowell A. The association between health care professional attitudes and beliefs and the attitudes and beliefs, clinical management, and outcomes of patients with low back pain: a systematic review. Eur J Pain. 2012 Jan;16(1):3-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.06.006.</citation>
    <PMID>21719329</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Macedo LG, Smeets RJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, McAuley JH. Graded activity and graded exposure for persistent nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review. Phys Ther. 2010 Jun;90(6):860-79. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090303. Epub 2010 Apr 15.</citation>
    <PMID>20395306</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Webster F, Perruccio AV, Jenkinson R, Jaglal S, Schemitsch E, Waddell JP, Venkataramanan V, Bytautas J, Davis AM. Understanding why people do or do not engage in activities following total joint replacement: a longitudinal qualitative study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015 Jun;23(6):860-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.013. Epub 2015 Feb 21.</citation>
    <PMID>25707933</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Dawson J, Fitzpatrick R, Carr A, Murray D. Questionnaire on the perceptions of patients about total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996 Mar;78(2):185-90.</citation>
    <PMID>8666621</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Beard DJ, Harris K, Dawson J, Doll H, Murray DW, Carr AJ, Price AJ. Meaningful changes for the Oxford hip and knee scores after joint replacement surgery. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Jan;68(1):73-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.08.009. Epub 2014 Oct 31.</citation>
    <PMID>25441700</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kaplan RS, Anderson SR. Time-driven activity-based costing. Harv Bus Rev. 2004 Nov;82(11):131-8, 150.</citation>
    <PMID>15559451</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed &quot;Up &amp; Go&quot;: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991 Feb;39(2):142-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x.</citation>
    <PMID>1991946</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D, Bonsel G, Badia X. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res. 2011 Dec;20(10):1727-36. doi: 10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x. Epub 2011 Apr 9.</citation>
    <PMID>21479777</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kurtz S, Ong K, Lau E, Mowat F, Halpern M. Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Apr;89(4):780-5. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.00222.</citation>
    <PMID>17403800</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Husted H. Fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty: clinical and organizational aspects. Acta Orthop Suppl. 2012 Oct;83(346):1-39. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2012.700593.</citation>
    <PMID>23205862</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, Abramson S, Altman RD, Arden N, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Brandt KD, Croft P, Doherty M, Dougados M, Hochberg M, Hunter DJ, Kwoh K, Lohmander LS, Tugwell P. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, part I: critical appraisal of existing treatment guidelines and systematic review of current research evidence. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Sep;15(9):981-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.06.014. Epub 2007 Aug 27.</citation>
    <PMID>17719803</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Withers TM, Lister S, Sackley C, Clark A, Smith TO. Is there a difference in physical activity levels in patients before and up to one year after unilateral total hip replacement? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2017 May;31(5):639-650. doi: 10.1177/0269215516673884. Epub 2016 Oct 23.</citation>
    <PMID>27773874</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jones CA, Martin RS, Westby MD, Beaupre LA. Total joint arthroplasty: practice variation of physiotherapy across the continuum of care in Alberta. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016 Nov 4;16(1):627. doi: 10.1186/s12913-016-1873-9.</citation>
    <PMID>27809849</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>August 2022</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 14, 2019</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 14, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">January 16, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 5, 2022</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 5, 2022</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 8, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03806114
org study id: 20180880
nct id: NCT03806114
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
This study is looking at the impact of giving patients precautions, or restrictions for
      movement, when undergoing a total hip replacement. Have of the participants will receive
      precautions, while the other half will not receive any precautions.
Patients undergoing hip replacements are often told by health care providers to avoid
      specific positions and activities to decrease the risk of their hip dislocating following
      their surgery. This, however, results in patients becoming more fearful of moving and leads
      to limitations in their function and decreased quality of life. Previous research has shown
      that hip dislocations following surgery are most commonly attributed to poor implant position
      rather than the actions of the patients. Teaching precautions takes up healthcare resources
      and may use finances that are not necessarily required. This study aims to compare groups
      with half receiving precautions and half not receiving precautions, to assess the impact of
      precautions on the patients' quality of life.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Supportive Care
masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Change in Oxford Hip Score
time frame: Week before surgery to 6 months after surgery
description: Assess function of the hip
measure: Change in Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
time frame: Week before surgery to 6 months after surgery
description: This assesses kinesiophobia, using a 17 item scale with each item using a 4 point Likert scale . The final score is the sum of all questions except for 4, 8, 12 and 16 which has their score inverted before being added. The final score ranges from from 17-68 points with 68 being the highest degree of kinesiophobia.
measure: Change in Forgotten Joint Score
time frame: 6 weeks after surgery to 6 months after surgery
description: This measures awareness of a replaced joint
measure: Change in EQ-5D-5L
time frame: Week before surgery to 6 months after surgery
description: This measures general health
measure: Canadian Patient Experience Survey - Inpatient Care (CPES-IC)
time frame: At 2 weeks after surgery
description: This will measure the patients' experience.
arm group label: Anterior Approach Precautions
arm group type: Other
description: This group receives precautions and have a total hip arthroplasty with a posterior approach.
arm group label: Posterior Approach Precautions
arm group type: Other
description: This group receives precautions and have a total hip arthroplasty with a posterior approach.
arm group label: Anterior Approach No Precautions
arm group type: Other
description: This group receives does not precautions and have a total hip arthroplasty with an anterior approach.
arm group label: Posterior Approach No Precautions
arm group type: Other
description: This group receives does not receive precautions and have a total hip arthroplasty with a posterior approach.
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Posterior Approach Precautions
description: These patients will be advised not to bend their leg or trunk more than 90 degrees, avoid crossing the leg or crossing midline, and rotating the leg inwards. Patients will also be instructed to put a pillow in between their legs while sleeping for 6 weeks and to avoid bathing for 6 weeks.
arm group label: Posterior Approach Precautions
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Anterior Approach Precautions
description: These patients will be advised to avoid extending the leg back, rotating the leg outwards, and lifting their bottom when lying down after their surgery for 6 weeks.
arm group label: Anterior Approach Precautions
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: No Precautions
description: For the non-precautions group, there will be no mention of precautions by any providers before, during, and after surgery. No equipment will be given, but a list of self-care equipment will be available for 'comfort' purposes. Patients will be instructed to avoid bathing for 4 weeks. All groups will have instructions to use a walking aid and a toilet seat if needed, to weight-bear as tolerated, and to avoid driving for 3 weeks.
arm group label: Anterior Approach No Precautions
arm group label: Posterior Approach No Precautions
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Johanna Dobransky
phone: 613-737-8899
phone ext: 78785
email: jdobransky@ohri.ca
last name: Meaghan Dufresne
phone: 613-737-8899
email: meadufresne@ohri.ca
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
country: Canada
citation: Seagrave KG, Troelsen A, Malchau H, Husted H, Gromov K. Acetabular cup position and risk of dislocation in primary total hip arthroplasty. Acta Orthop. 2017 Feb;88(1):10-17. doi: 10.1080/17453674.2016.1251255. Epub 2016 Nov 23.
PMID: 27879150
citation: Smith TO, Jepson P, Beswick A, Sands G, Drummond A, Davis ET, Sackley CM. Assistive devices, hip precautions, environmental modifications and training to prevent dislocation and improve function after hip arthroplasty. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 4;7(7):CD010815. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010815.pub2.
PMID: 27374001
citation: van der Weegen W, Kornuijt A, Das D. Do lifestyle restrictions and precautions prevent dislocation after total hip arthroplasty? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Clin Rehabil. 2016 Apr;30(4):329-39. doi: 10.1177/0269215515579421. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
PMID: 25834275
citation: Barnsley L, Barnsley L, Page R. Are Hip Precautions Necessary Post Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2015 Sep;6(3):230-5. doi: 10.1177/2151458515584640.
PMID: 26328242
citation: Westby MD, Brittain A, Backman CL. Expert consensus on best practices for post-acute rehabilitation after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a Canada and United States Delphi study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014 Mar;66(3):411-23. doi: 10.1002/acr.22164.
PMID: 24023047
citation: Vissers MM, Bussmann JB, Verhaar JA, Busschbach JJ, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Reijman M. Psychological factors affecting the outcome of total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Feb;41(4):576-88. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.07.003. Epub 2011 Oct 28.
PMID: 22035624
citation: Swinkels-Meewisse EJ, Swinkels RA, Verbeek AL, Vlaeyen JW, Oostendorp RA. Psychometric properties of the Tampa Scale for kinesiophobia and the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire in acute low back pain. Man Ther. 2003 Feb;8(1):29-36. doi: 10.1054/math.2002.0484.
PMID: 12586559
citation: Pincus T, Vogel S, Burton AK, Santos R, Field AP. Fear avoidance and prognosis in back pain: a systematic review and synthesis of current evidence. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Dec;54(12):3999-4010. doi: 10.1002/art.22273.
PMID: 17133530
citation: Darlow B, Fullen BM, Dean S, Hurley DA, Baxter GD, Dowell A. The association between health care professional attitudes and beliefs and the attitudes and beliefs, clinical management, and outcomes of patients with low back pain: a systematic review. Eur J Pain. 2012 Jan;16(1):3-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.06.006.
PMID: 21719329
citation: Macedo LG, Smeets RJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, McAuley JH. Graded activity and graded exposure for persistent nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review. Phys Ther. 2010 Jun;90(6):860-79. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090303. Epub 2010 Apr 15.
PMID: 20395306
citation: Webster F, Perruccio AV, Jenkinson R, Jaglal S, Schemitsch E, Waddell JP, Venkataramanan V, Bytautas J, Davis AM. Understanding why people do or do not engage in activities following total joint replacement: a longitudinal qualitative study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015 Jun;23(6):860-7. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.013. Epub 2015 Feb 21.
PMID: 25707933
citation: Dawson J, Fitzpatrick R, Carr A, Murray D. Questionnaire on the perceptions of patients about total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996 Mar;78(2):185-90.
PMID: 8666621
citation: Beard DJ, Harris K, Dawson J, Doll H, Murray DW, Carr AJ, Price AJ. Meaningful changes for the Oxford hip and knee scores after joint replacement surgery. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Jan;68(1):73-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.08.009. Epub 2014 Oct 31.
PMID: 25441700
citation: Kaplan RS, Anderson SR. Time-driven activity-based costing. Harv Bus Rev. 2004 Nov;82(11):131-8, 150.
PMID: 15559451
citation: Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991 Feb;39(2):142-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x.
PMID: 1991946
citation: Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D, Bonsel G, Badia X. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res. 2011 Dec;20(10):1727-36. doi: 10.1007/s11136-011-9903-x. Epub 2011 Apr 9.
PMID: 21479777
citation: Kurtz S, Ong K, Lau E, Mowat F, Halpern M. Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Apr;89(4):780-5. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.00222.
PMID: 17403800
citation: Husted H. Fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty: clinical and organizational aspects. Acta Orthop Suppl. 2012 Oct;83(346):1-39. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2012.700593.
PMID: 23205862
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