<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03789045</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>12345</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03789045</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Metabolic Thresholds and Fat Utilization Points Correlation</brief_title>
  <acronym>MATDFP</acronym>
  <official_title>New Methodological Approach to Metabolic Thresholds Detection; Examining Fat Utilization Points and Metabolic Thresholds Correlation Strength</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Sport Studio Banja Luka</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Aspire Medical</agency>
      <agency_class>Industry</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Appalachian State University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University of South Australia</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University Ghent</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University of Birmingham</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Stanford University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Cosmed USA, Inc.</agency>
      <agency_class>Industry</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University Hospital of Split</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University of Urbino &quot;Carlo Bo&quot;</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Universidad de Granada</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Sport Studio Banja Luka</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      To examine existence of connection between fat utilization points, both maximal and minimal&#xD;
      with individual metabolic thresholds in different subjects. As a consequence, this innovative&#xD;
      approach could offer a supplementary method for both aerobic and anaerobic thresholds&#xD;
      detection as well as useful and practical exercise intensity selection marker.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      This study aims to examine the existence of connection between metabolic thresholds and fat&#xD;
      oxidation points in diverse group of subjects. From the physiological perspective, during&#xD;
      exercise with increasing intensity, three phases of the body's energy utilization and two&#xD;
      threshold points can be defined. These threshold points have been named metabolic thresholds&#xD;
      and as such are considered as indicators of exercise capacities. Several authors have&#xD;
      suggested, that the first threshold should be called the 'aerobic threshold' (AeT) and the&#xD;
      second the 'anaerobic threshold' (AnT). The energy contribution from fat oxidation increases&#xD;
      during low-to-moderate exercise intensities and then markedly declines when the intensity&#xD;
      becomes high, at which point carbohydrates (CHO) remain the dominant energy substrate. A term&#xD;
      used to describe exercise intensity where fat oxidation reaches optimum, is maximal fat&#xD;
      oxidation point (FATmax) whereas exercise intensity matching the negligible fat oxidation is&#xD;
      labelled FATmin. During physical activity, due to limited availability of CHO, subjects are&#xD;
      more dependent on energy originating from fat when aiming to optimize endurance performance,&#xD;
      body composition, optimize weight control and the metabolic rate. Exercise at the intensity&#xD;
      eliciting FATmax revealed best results in treatment and prevention of obesity-associated&#xD;
      conditions, cardio-vascular and pulmonary diseases by means of increase in maximal fat&#xD;
      oxidation rates (MFO), insulin sensitivity, improvements in ventilator efficiency and cardiac&#xD;
      output, demonstrating a significant role in the treatment of these impairments. As a&#xD;
      follow-up, studies demonstrated how the lowest beneficial effect was observed when exercise&#xD;
      was performed above intensity matching negligible fat oxidation rate (FATmin), contributing&#xD;
      to diminished protection of exercise therapy. In consequence, increased cardio-metabolic&#xD;
      demands of exercise performed above FATmin also have a higher impact on mortality rates in&#xD;
      comparison to low-moderate aerobic exercise. Therefore, choosing appropriate exercise&#xD;
      intensity may play a decisive role in decreasing risk factors accompanying obesity-associated&#xD;
      conditions.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Investigators aim to determine metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points by using&#xD;
      non-invasive breath-by-breath gas analysis during either treadmill or cycle ergometry.&#xD;
      Metabolic thresholds will be detected by using gas analysis, via ventilatory parameters. Fat&#xD;
      oxidation points will be determined using indirect calorimetry.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Participants will perform graded ergometry test (2min stages and 1km/h or 50 W load&#xD;
      increase), on either cycle or treadmill ergometer, till exhaustion to determine maximal&#xD;
      oxygen uptake (VO2max), with gases being collected at the mouth level by using&#xD;
      spiroergometry.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The strength of the relationship between intensities matching VO2 at AeT and VO2 at FATmax&#xD;
      will be assessed using the Pearson product moment (r) correlation coefficient with same being&#xD;
      done for AnT and FATmin correlation. A coefficient of determination (R2) will be used to&#xD;
      detect the proportion of existing variance. A paired t-test will be used to asses'&#xD;
      differences between measured variables.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Associated heart rate at the AeT/FATmax and AnT/FATmin will be used as training mean to&#xD;
      identify proper training intensity.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The time frame of the study is about 3 years, depending on the availability of the subjects.&#xD;
      Planed study begin is early 2016. Participants will be every day clients of the Institution&#xD;
      and will be recruited on a voluntary basis as they arrive to the testing facilities through&#xD;
      this 3 years period.Through this 3 years period, statistical analysis of the collected data&#xD;
      for each group of subjects will be performed and observations will be published. Up to 7&#xD;
      publications are expected to result from this research.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">May 1, 2016</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">December 30, 2022</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 30, 2022</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Case-Only</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Cross-Sectional</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Relationship between metabolic threshold and fat oxidation points (FATmax) matching %HRmax</measure>
    <time_frame>Each primary outcome measure (metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points, is sampled continuously through the test. Test duration is 12-16 minutes.Existence of correlation will be evaluated immediately after test</time_frame>
    <description>Regular exercise at FATmax intensity has been proposed as a key factor to optimize the body's ability to oxidize lipids.Exercise intensity matching FATmax will be determined via indirect calorimetry and expressed by using %HRmax.In contrast to the %HRmax method, an individualized approach to exercise intensity prescription based on metabolic thresholds describes specific metabolic phases during exercise and intends to account for differences in the body's physiological and functional capacity.Metabolic thresholds will be determined via either gas analysis or/and lactate analysis and expressed in %HRmax.If connection between these two %HRmax exists,it would integrate the most relevant indices for planning and assessing an effective exercise program.Existence of connection between %HRmax matching both parameters will be evaluated by using correlation and levels of agreement by using MedCalc statistical software.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Relationship between metabolic threshold and fat oxidation points (FATmax) matching %VO2max</measure>
    <time_frame>Each primary outcome measure (metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points, is sampled continuously through the test. Test duration is 12-16 minutes. Existence of correlation will be evaluated immediately after test</time_frame>
    <description>Regular exercise at FATmax intensity has been proposed as a key factor to optimize the body's ability to oxidize lipids.Exercise intensity matching FATmax will be determined via indirect calorimetry and expressed by using %VO2max.In contrast to the %VO2max method, an individualized approach to exercise intensity prescription based on metabolic thresholds describes specific metabolic phases during exercise and intends to account for differences in the body's physiological and functional capacity.Metabolic thresholds will be determined via either gas analysis or/and lactate analysis and expressed in %VO2max.If connection between these two %VO2max exists, it would integrate the most relevant indices for planning and assessing an effective exercise program.Existence of connection between %VO2max matching both parameters will be evaluated by using correlation and levels of agreement by using MedCalc statistical software.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>3</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Actual">250</enrollment>
  <condition>Exercise Physiology</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Obese men and women</arm_group_label>
    <description>Metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points relationship in Obese males and females, age 18-60y, body fat &gt; 30%</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Male and female athletes</arm_group_label>
    <description>Metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points relationship in Athletic males and females, age 18-60y.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Sedentary females and males</arm_group_label>
    <description>Metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points relationship in Sedentary females and males, age 18-60y,</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Diagnostic Test</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points relationship</intervention_name>
    <description>Investigators aim to determine exercise intensity at which metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points occur by using non-invasive breath-by-breath gas analysis during either graded treadmill or cycle ergometry test (2min stages and 1km/h or 50 W load increase) till exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), with gases being collected at the mouth level. The strength of the relationship between AeT and at FATmax will be assessed using the Pearson product moment (r) correlation coefficient with same being done for AnT and FATmin correlation. A coefficient of determination (R2) will be used to detect the proportion of existing variance. A paired t-test will be used to asses' differences between measured variables. Bland-altman will be used to determine levels of agreement.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Male and female athletes</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Obese men and women</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Sedentary females and males</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        Athletic, moderately trained, sedentary and obese males and females&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Healthy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Non smokers&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  No evidence of any metabolic, pulmonary or cardiovascular diseases possibly affecting&#xD;
             substrates utilization.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  No presence of musculoskeletal injuries (Must be able to perform graded exercise test&#xD;
             on a treadmill or a cycle ergometer).&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Males and females, age 18-60, divided in following 4 groups: obese, sedentary,&#xD;
             moderately trained, athletes.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  For obese group of individuals, body fat &gt; 30%&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  For sedentary group of individuals, no physical activity in last 3 years&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  For athletic group of individuals, &gt; 12 h training per week&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  For moderately trained individuals. &lt; 3 h per week of physical activity&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Willing to allow data publication.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Evidence of any metabolic, pulmonary or cardiovascular diseases possibly affecting&#xD;
             substrates utilization.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Smokers.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  High blood pressure.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Using supplements possibly affecting substrates utilization.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Non willing to allow data publication.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Not finishing grade exercise test protocol till exhaustion to determine VO2max.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>60 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Ratko Peric, Doctorate</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Sport Studio Banja Luka</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Sport Studio Banja Luka</name>
      <address>
        <city>Banja Luka</city>
        <zip>78000</zip>
        <country>Bosnia and Herzegovina</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Bosnia and Herzegovina</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Peric R, DI Pietro A, Myers J, Nikolovski Z. A systematic comparison of commonly used stoichiometric equations to estimate fat oxidation during exercise in athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021 Oct;61(10):1354-1361. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11747-X. Epub 2020 Dec 14.</citation>
    <PMID>33314884</PMID>
  </reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Peric R, Meucci M, Nikolovski Z. Fat Utilization During High-Intensity Exercise: When Does It End? Sports Med Open. 2016 Dec;2(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s40798-016-0060-1. Epub 2016 Aug 31.</citation>
    <PMID>27747790</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Peric R, Meucci M, Bourdon PC, Nikolovski Z. Does the aerobic threshold correlate with the maximal fat oxidation rate in short stage treadmill tests? J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 Oct;58(10):1412-1417. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07555-7. Epub 2017 Jul 25.</citation>
    <PMID>28745473</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Peric R, Nikolovski Z, Meucci M P-25 Substrates oxidation at high intensity exercise in sedentary females Br J Sports Med 2016;50:A45. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097120.78</citation>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Meucci M, Peric R. Correlation Between Aerobic Threshold And Point Of Maximal Fat Utilization In Male Runners: 1678 Board #331 June 2, 8: 00 AM - 9: 30 AM. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 May;48(5 Suppl 1):466-7. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486403.83644.7e.</citation>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Peric R, Nikolovski Z. Can metabolic thresholds be used as exercise intensity markers in adult men with obesity - fat burn points used as an exercise marker. Comparative Exercise Physiology: 16 (2)- Pages: 113 - 119. https://doi.org/10.3920/CEP190035</citation>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Nikolovski Z, Barbaresi S, Cable T, Peric R. Evaluating the influence of differences in methodological approach on metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points relationship. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jan;21(1):61-68. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1717640. Epub 2020 Jan 31.</citation>
    <PMID>31944160</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Meucci M, Nandagiri V, Kavirayuni VS, Whang A, Collier SR. Correlation Between Heart Rate at Maximal Fat Oxidation and Aerobic Threshold in Healthy Adolescent Boys and Girls. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2021 May 6;33(3):139-143. doi: 10.1123/pes.2020-0210.</citation>
    <PMID>33958504</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Peric R, Nikolovski Z, Meucci M, Tadger P, Ferri Marini C, Amaro-Gahete FJ. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Association and Differences between Aerobic Threshold and Point of Optimal Fat Oxidation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 26;19(11):6479. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116479.</citation>
    <PMID>35682065</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Ferri Marini C, Tadger P, Chavez-Guevara IA, Tipton E, Meucci M, Nikolovski Z, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Peric R. Factors Determining the Agreement between Aerobic Threshold and Point of Maximal Fat Oxidation: Follow-Up on a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Association. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 27;20(1):453. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20010453.</citation>
    <PMID>36612784</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>January 2023</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 21, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 25, 2018</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">December 28, 2018</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 18, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 18, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">January 20, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Sport Studio Banja Luka</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Ratko Peric</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Exercise Physiologist PhD</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Exercise</keyword>
  <keyword>Metabolic thresholds</keyword>
  <keyword>Fat oxidation</keyword>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>IPD will be made available upon request. Raw sampling data or statistical analysis data</ipd_description>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03789045
org study id: 12345
nct id: NCT03789045
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
To examine existence of connection between fat utilization points, both maximal and minimal
      with individual metabolic thresholds in different subjects. As a consequence, this innovative
      approach could offer a supplementary method for both aerobic and anaerobic thresholds
      detection as well as useful and practical exercise intensity selection marker.
This study aims to examine the existence of connection between metabolic thresholds and fat
      oxidation points in diverse group of subjects. From the physiological perspective, during
      exercise with increasing intensity, three phases of the body's energy utilization and two
      threshold points can be defined. These threshold points have been named metabolic thresholds
      and as such are considered as indicators of exercise capacities. Several authors have
      suggested, that the first threshold should be called the 'aerobic threshold' (AeT) and the
      second the 'anaerobic threshold' (AnT). The energy contribution from fat oxidation increases
      during low-to-moderate exercise intensities and then markedly declines when the intensity
      becomes high, at which point carbohydrates (CHO) remain the dominant energy substrate. A term
      used to describe exercise intensity where fat oxidation reaches optimum, is maximal fat
      oxidation point (FATmax) whereas exercise intensity matching the negligible fat oxidation is
      labelled FATmin. During physical activity, due to limited availability of CHO, subjects are
      more dependent on energy originating from fat when aiming to optimize endurance performance,
      body composition, optimize weight control and the metabolic rate. Exercise at the intensity
      eliciting FATmax revealed best results in treatment and prevention of obesity-associated
      conditions, cardio-vascular and pulmonary diseases by means of increase in maximal fat
      oxidation rates (MFO), insulin sensitivity, improvements in ventilator efficiency and cardiac
      output, demonstrating a significant role in the treatment of these impairments. As a
      follow-up, studies demonstrated how the lowest beneficial effect was observed when exercise
      was performed above intensity matching negligible fat oxidation rate (FATmin), contributing
      to diminished protection of exercise therapy. In consequence, increased cardio-metabolic
      demands of exercise performed above FATmin also have a higher impact on mortality rates in
      comparison to low-moderate aerobic exercise. Therefore, choosing appropriate exercise
      intensity may play a decisive role in decreasing risk factors accompanying obesity-associated
      conditions.

      Investigators aim to determine metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points by using
      non-invasive breath-by-breath gas analysis during either treadmill or cycle ergometry.
      Metabolic thresholds will be detected by using gas analysis, via ventilatory parameters. Fat
      oxidation points will be determined using indirect calorimetry.

      Participants will perform graded ergometry test (2min stages and 1km/h or 50 W load
      increase), on either cycle or treadmill ergometer, till exhaustion to determine maximal
      oxygen uptake (VO2max), with gases being collected at the mouth level by using
      spiroergometry.

      The strength of the relationship between intensities matching VO2 at AeT and VO2 at FATmax
      will be assessed using the Pearson product moment (r) correlation coefficient with same being
      done for AnT and FATmin correlation. A coefficient of determination (R2) will be used to
      detect the proportion of existing variance. A paired t-test will be used to asses'
      differences between measured variables.

      Associated heart rate at the AeT/FATmax and AnT/FATmin will be used as training mean to
      identify proper training intensity.

      The time frame of the study is about 3 years, depending on the availability of the subjects.
      Planed study begin is early 2016. Participants will be every day clients of the Institution
      and will be recruited on a voluntary basis as they arrive to the testing facilities through
      this 3 years period.Through this 3 years period, statistical analysis of the collected data
      for each group of subjects will be performed and observations will be published. Up to 7
      publications are expected to result from this research.
observational model: Case-Only
time perspective: Cross-Sectional
measure: Relationship between metabolic threshold and fat oxidation points (FATmax) matching %HRmax
time frame: Each primary outcome measure (metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points, is sampled continuously through the test. Test duration is 12-16 minutes.Existence of correlation will be evaluated immediately after test
description: Regular exercise at FATmax intensity has been proposed as a key factor to optimize the body's ability to oxidize lipids.Exercise intensity matching FATmax will be determined via indirect calorimetry and expressed by using %HRmax.In contrast to the %HRmax method, an individualized approach to exercise intensity prescription based on metabolic thresholds describes specific metabolic phases during exercise and intends to account for differences in the body's physiological and functional capacity.Metabolic thresholds will be determined via either gas analysis or/and lactate analysis and expressed in %HRmax.If connection between these two %HRmax exists,it would integrate the most relevant indices for planning and assessing an effective exercise program.Existence of connection between %HRmax matching both parameters will be evaluated by using correlation and levels of agreement by using MedCalc statistical software.
measure: Relationship between metabolic threshold and fat oxidation points (FATmax) matching %VO2max
time frame: Each primary outcome measure (metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points, is sampled continuously through the test. Test duration is 12-16 minutes. Existence of correlation will be evaluated immediately after test
description: Regular exercise at FATmax intensity has been proposed as a key factor to optimize the body's ability to oxidize lipids.Exercise intensity matching FATmax will be determined via indirect calorimetry and expressed by using %VO2max.In contrast to the %VO2max method, an individualized approach to exercise intensity prescription based on metabolic thresholds describes specific metabolic phases during exercise and intends to account for differences in the body's physiological and functional capacity.Metabolic thresholds will be determined via either gas analysis or/and lactate analysis and expressed in %VO2max.If connection between these two %VO2max exists, it would integrate the most relevant indices for planning and assessing an effective exercise program.Existence of connection between %VO2max matching both parameters will be evaluated by using correlation and levels of agreement by using MedCalc statistical software.
arm group label: Obese men and women
description: Metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points relationship in Obese males and females, age 18-60y, body fat > 30%
arm group label: Male and female athletes
description: Metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points relationship in Athletic males and females, age 18-60y.
arm group label: Sedentary females and males
description: Metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points relationship in Sedentary females and males, age 18-60y,
intervention type: Diagnostic Test
intervention name: Metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points relationship
description: Investigators aim to determine exercise intensity at which metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points occur by using non-invasive breath-by-breath gas analysis during either graded treadmill or cycle ergometry test (2min stages and 1km/h or 50 W load increase) till exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), with gases being collected at the mouth level. The strength of the relationship between AeT and at FATmax will be assessed using the Pearson product moment (r) correlation coefficient with same being done for AnT and FATmin correlation. A coefficient of determination (R2) will be used to detect the proportion of existing variance. A paired t-test will be used to asses' differences between measured variables. Bland-altman will be used to determine levels of agreement.
arm group label: Male and female athletes
arm group label: Obese men and women
arm group label: Sedentary females and males
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 60 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Ratko Peric, Doctorate
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Sport Studio Banja Luka
facility: 
country: Bosnia and Herzegovina
citation: Peric R, DI Pietro A, Myers J, Nikolovski Z. A systematic comparison of commonly used stoichiometric equations to estimate fat oxidation during exercise in athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021 Oct;61(10):1354-1361. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11747-X. Epub 2020 Dec 14.
PMID: 33314884
citation: Peric R, Meucci M, Nikolovski Z. Fat Utilization During High-Intensity Exercise: When Does It End? Sports Med Open. 2016 Dec;2(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s40798-016-0060-1. Epub 2016 Aug 31.
PMID: 27747790
citation: Peric R, Meucci M, Bourdon PC, Nikolovski Z. Does the aerobic threshold correlate with the maximal fat oxidation rate in short stage treadmill tests? J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 Oct;58(10):1412-1417. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07555-7. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
PMID: 28745473
citation: Peric R, Nikolovski Z, Meucci M P-25 Substrates oxidation at high intensity exercise in sedentary females Br J Sports Med 2016;50:A45. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097120.78
citation: Meucci M, Peric R. Correlation Between Aerobic Threshold And Point Of Maximal Fat Utilization In Male Runners: 1678 Board #331 June 2, 8: 00 AM - 9: 30 AM. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 May;48(5 Suppl 1):466-7. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486403.83644.7e.
citation: Peric R, Nikolovski Z. Can metabolic thresholds be used as exercise intensity markers in adult men with obesity - fat burn points used as an exercise marker. Comparative Exercise Physiology: 16 (2)- Pages: 113 - 119. https://doi.org/10.3920/CEP190035
citation: Nikolovski Z, Barbaresi S, Cable T, Peric R. Evaluating the influence of differences in methodological approach on metabolic thresholds and fat oxidation points relationship. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021 Jan;21(1):61-68. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1717640. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
PMID: 31944160
citation: Meucci M, Nandagiri V, Kavirayuni VS, Whang A, Collier SR. Correlation Between Heart Rate at Maximal Fat Oxidation and Aerobic Threshold in Healthy Adolescent Boys and Girls. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2021 May 6;33(3):139-143. doi: 10.1123/pes.2020-0210.
PMID: 33958504
citation: Peric R, Nikolovski Z, Meucci M, Tadger P, Ferri Marini C, Amaro-Gahete FJ. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Association and Differences between Aerobic Threshold and Point of Optimal Fat Oxidation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 26;19(11):6479. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116479.
PMID: 35682065
citation: Ferri Marini C, Tadger P, Chavez-Guevara IA, Tipton E, Meucci M, Nikolovski Z, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Peric R. Factors Determining the Agreement between Aerobic Threshold and Point of Maximal Fat Oxidation: Follow-Up on a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Association. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 27;20(1):453. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20010453.
PMID: 36612784
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Sport Studio Banja Luka
investigator full name: Ratko Peric
investigator title: Exercise Physiologist PhD
sharing ipd: Undecided
ipd description: IPD will be made available upon request. Raw sampling data or statistical analysis data