<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03830554</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>15/Clinical/18</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03830554</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Effect of Atlas Cedarwood Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease</brief_title>
  <official_title>Effect of Atlas Cedarwood Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: a Randomized Controlled Trial</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Rawan Alghzawi</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Jordan University of Science and Technology</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Jordan University of Science and Technology</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Sleep-wake disturbances were found to be a common problem among patients with CHD either&#xD;
      earlier during hospitalization or/ and after discharge Although there is an evidence that&#xD;
      sleep-wake disturbanes occur in high rate among patients with CHD little was found about&#xD;
      assessment and management of this problem. This randomized controlled study will assess sleep&#xD;
      quality of stable CHD patients who were admitted for undergoing coronary angiography&#xD;
      electively. Then it will test the hypothesis that atlas cedar wood essential oil aromatherapy&#xD;
      have a positive effect on sleep quality of CHD patients.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The primary aim is testing the effect of Atlas cedar wood essential oil aromatherapy on sleep&#xD;
      quality of patients after CHD.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The secondary aim is estimating the prevalence of sleep-wake disturbances (difficulty falling&#xD;
      asleep, staying asleep, inadequate sleep duration, dissatisfaction with a sleep and excessive&#xD;
      daytime sleepiness) among recruited CHD patients.&#xD;
&#xD;
      - data were collected by two phase:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  phase one: sleep quality of recruited CHD patients, who were admitted for undergoing&#xD;
           coronary angiography electively, were assessed using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index&#xD;
           (PSQI). CHD participants who were reported poor sleep quality (=&gt;5) in PSQI score will&#xD;
           randomly allocated by toss either to intervention or control group.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Phase two:&#xD;
&#xD;
             1. Intervention group received an atlas cedar wood aromatherapy for five consecutive&#xD;
                nights.&#xD;
&#xD;
             2. Control group received no intervention.&#xD;
&#xD;
             3. Sleep quality of both group participants re-assessed at second day and six day of&#xD;
                recruitment, respectively, using PSQI.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">July 30, 2018</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">November 5, 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">November 5, 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>96 CHD participants were approached to participate in this RCT. out of those, 22 participants reported good sleep quality (PSQI SCORE &lt;5), their participation finished at phase one. The rest 74 participants reported poor sleep quality (PSQI score =&gt;5) were randomly assigned either to intervention or control group.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Demographic and Situational Data Sheet</measure>
    <time_frame>at the day of admission</time_frame>
    <description>The participants were asked to fill a demographic and situational data sheet that is bulit by the researches based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. this sheet assess participants' age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupation and bed time habits. Also it have a disease related questions, that consists of time of diagnosis of CHD, presence of other chronic disease (physiological or psychological disease), previous complaint of sleep problem, medication history rather than used for CHD treatments, using of complementary therapy with justification.Through this data, female participants were asked if they are in menopausal period, pregnant or have a plan of pregnancy during next month.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>sleep quality score during past month before admission using Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (PSQI)</measure>
    <time_frame>during past month before admission</time_frame>
    <description>sleep quality (during past month) of participants was assessed at the day of each patient admission. Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX is a valid and reliable version of original English version that is a self-rated questionnaire used for measuring sleep quality for duration of one month interval. The instrument consists of 24 questions (19 self-rated questions and 5 questions measures objective sleep quality from bed partner. Self- rated question are combined to form seven component score. Each component has a score range from 0 point (no difficulty) to 3 point (extreme difficulty). Global PSQI score results from summation of seven component scores. It have a range from 0 point (no difficulty in all area) to 21 points (severe difficulties in all area). Global PSQI score &gt;=5 indicate a poor sleep quality where a total score &lt;5 indicate a good sleep quality.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>sleep quality score during past day of hospitalization (before undergoing cardiac catheterization) using Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (PSQI)</measure>
    <time_frame>one day during hospitalization</time_frame>
    <description>sleep quality of participants was assessed for the second time after sleeping one night in hospital using Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (one day used instead of month words). Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX is a valid and reliable version of original English version that is a self-rated questionnaire. The instrument consists of 24 questions (19 self-rated questions and the rest 5 questions are measured objective sleep quality from bed partner. Self- rated question are only used in the scoring and they are combined to form seven component score. Each component has a score range from 0 point (no difficulty) to 3 point (extreme difficulty). Global PSQI score results from summation of seven component scores. It have a range from 0 point (no difficulty in all area) to 21 points (severe difficulties in all area). Global PSQI score &gt;=5 indicate a poor sleep quality where total score &lt;5 indicate a good sleep quality.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>sleep quality score during past five days (after undergoing cardiac catheterization) using Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX</measure>
    <time_frame>five days after admission</time_frame>
    <description>sleep quality of participants was assessed for the third time after five days from admission using Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (five days was used instead of month words in original tool). Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX is a valid and reliable version of original English version that is a self-rated questionnaire. The instrument consists of 24 questions (19 self-rated questions and the rest 5 questions are measured objective sleep quality from bed partner. Self- rated question are only used in the scoring and they are combined to form seven component score. Each component has a score range from 0 point (no difficulty) to 3 point (extreme difficulty). Global PSQI score results from summation of seven component scores. It have a range from 0 point (no difficulty in all area) to 21 points (severe difficulties in all area). Global PSQI score &gt;=5 indicate a poor sleep quality where total score &lt;5 indicate a good sleep quality.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">96</enrollment>
  <condition>Sleep Quality</condition>
  <condition>Coronary Heart Disease</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>intervention group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>product name: organic Atlas cedar wood essential oil (Cedrus Atlantica): the intervention group smell 2 drops of organic Atlas cedar wood essential oil (applied on cotton ball) for a period of five consecutive nights (at least 8 hours each night).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>control group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>participants of this group received no intervention.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Organic Atlas cedar wood essential oil (Cedrus Atantica)</intervention_name>
    <description>At first day of admission, Intervention group received an intervention kit consist of 5 small glass essential oil bottles. Each essential oil bottle contains a small cotton ball saturated with two drops of Organic Atlas cedar wood essential oil (Cedrus Atantica). Participants were asked to open the bottle, inhale the smell directly and put it opened at 20 cm beside bed during night.</description>
    <arm_group_label>intervention group</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>aromatherapy</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. stable CHD patients with history of myocardial infarction, stable angina, unstable&#xD;
             angina or acute coronary syndrome who were admitted for elective coronary angiograph&#xD;
             (cardiac catheterization) during the study period.&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. age of participants must be between 20-64 years old.&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. participants must have an ability to understand and communicate with the researchers.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        included CHD patient were excluded if they:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. pregnant women or who has a plan for pregnancy as well as any patients who their care&#xD;
             giver is pregnant&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. have a recent cardiac attack within 24-48 hours or had a history or risk of heart&#xD;
             failure or cardiogenic shock were excluded.&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. have problems in smell sensations , history of breathing difficulties and disorders&#xD;
             such as asthma, sleep apnea or allergies to plants and flowers parts were excluded,&#xD;
             too.&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. have history of psychological disorders (i.e., depression) or psychiatric disorders&#xD;
             (i.e., schizophrenia) were excluded&#xD;
&#xD;
          5. using prescribed sedatives drugs or other complementary therapy likes herbal&#xD;
             remediates or even aromatherapy in recent one week were excluded&#xD;
&#xD;
          6. shift workers.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>20 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>64 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>rawan algzawy</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Dean of graduate studies at Jordan university of science and Technology</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>wejdan khater</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Dean of graduate studies at Jordan university of science and Technology</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>ordan University of Science and Technology</name>
      <address>
        <city>Irbid</city>
        <state>Al-ramtha</state>
        <zip>22110</zip>
        <country>Jordan</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Jordan</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Sano A, Sei H, Seno H, Morita Y, Moritoki H. Influence of cedar essence on spontaneous activity and sleep of rats and human daytime nap. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998 Apr;52(2):133-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1998.tb00991.x.</citation>
    <PMID>9628112</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Michal M, Wiltink J, Kirschner Y, Schneider A, Wild PS, Munzel T, Blettner M, Schulz A, Lackner K, Pfeiffer N, Blankenberg S, Tschan R, Tuin I, Beutel ME. Complaints of sleep disturbances are associated with cardiovascular disease: results from the Gutenberg Health Study. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104324. eCollection 2014.</citation>
    <PMID>25093413</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Martins DF, Emer AA, Batisti AP, Donatello N, Carlesso MG, Mazzardo-Martins L, Venzke D, Micke GA, Pizzolatti MG, Piovezan AP, dos Santos AR. Inhalation of Cedrus atlantica essential oil alleviates pain behavior through activation of descending pain modulation pathways in a mouse model of postoperative pain. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Dec 4;175:30-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.048. Epub 2015 Sep 4.</citation>
    <PMID>26344850</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Khaled, S., Lourance, A.-H., &amp; Ahmad, D. (2012). Psychometric testing of the Arabic version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (A-PSQI) among coronary artery disease patients in Jordan. J Nat Sci Res, 2, 15-19.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hwang E, Shin S. The effects of aromatherapy on sleep improvement: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2015 Feb;21(2):61-8. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0113. Epub 2015 Jan 13.</citation>
    <PMID>25584799</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.</citation>
    <PMID>2748771</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Alcantara C, Peacock J, Davidson KW, Hiti D, Edmondson D. The association of short sleep after acute coronary syndrome with recurrent cardiac events and mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2014 Feb 1;171(2):e11-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.135. Epub 2013 Dec 7. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>24365609</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., &amp; Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Andrechuk CR, Ceolim MF. Sleep quality and adverse outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Clin Nurs. 2016 Jan;25(1-2):223-30. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13051.</citation>
    <PMID>26769209</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>King, L., Wright, B., &amp; Reynolds, A. (2015). AROMATHERAPY.</citation>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>March 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 10, 2019</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>February 1, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">February 5, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>March 27, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>March 27, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">March 29, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor-Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Jordan University of Science and Technology</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Rawan Alghzawi</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>master student at nursing faculty</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>sleep disturbances</keyword>
  <keyword>Aromatherapy</keyword>
  <keyword>sleep quality</keyword>
  <keyword>Atlas cedar wood essential oil</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Heart Diseases</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Coronary Disease</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Coronary Artery Disease</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Myocardial Ischemia</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03830554
org study id: 15/Clinical/18
nct id: NCT03830554
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Sleep-wake disturbances were found to be a common problem among patients with CHD either
      earlier during hospitalization or/ and after discharge Although there is an evidence that
      sleep-wake disturbanes occur in high rate among patients with CHD little was found about
      assessment and management of this problem. This randomized controlled study will assess sleep
      quality of stable CHD patients who were admitted for undergoing coronary angiography
      electively. Then it will test the hypothesis that atlas cedar wood essential oil aromatherapy
      have a positive effect on sleep quality of CHD patients.
The primary aim is testing the effect of Atlas cedar wood essential oil aromatherapy on sleep
      quality of patients after CHD.

      The secondary aim is estimating the prevalence of sleep-wake disturbances (difficulty falling
      asleep, staying asleep, inadequate sleep duration, dissatisfaction with a sleep and excessive
      daytime sleepiness) among recruited CHD patients.

      - data were collected by two phase:

        -  phase one: sleep quality of recruited CHD patients, who were admitted for undergoing
           coronary angiography electively, were assessed using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index
           (PSQI). CHD participants who were reported poor sleep quality (=>5) in PSQI score will
           randomly allocated by toss either to intervention or control group.

        -  Phase two:

             1. Intervention group received an atlas cedar wood aromatherapy for five consecutive
                nights.

             2. Control group received no intervention.

             3. Sleep quality of both group participants re-assessed at second day and six day of
                recruitment, respectively, using PSQI.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: 96 CHD participants were approached to participate in this RCT. out of those, 22 participants reported good sleep quality (PSQI SCORE <5), their participation finished at phase one. The rest 74 participants reported poor sleep quality (PSQI score =>5) were randomly assigned either to intervention or control group.
primary purpose: Supportive Care
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Demographic and Situational Data Sheet
time frame: at the day of admission
description: The participants were asked to fill a demographic and situational data sheet that is bulit by the researches based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. this sheet assess participants' age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupation and bed time habits. Also it have a disease related questions, that consists of time of diagnosis of CHD, presence of other chronic disease (physiological or psychological disease), previous complaint of sleep problem, medication history rather than used for CHD treatments, using of complementary therapy with justification.Through this data, female participants were asked if they are in menopausal period, pregnant or have a plan of pregnancy during next month.
measure: sleep quality score during past month before admission using Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (PSQI)
time frame: during past month before admission
description: sleep quality (during past month) of participants was assessed at the day of each patient admission. Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX is a valid and reliable version of original English version that is a self-rated questionnaire used for measuring sleep quality for duration of one month interval. The instrument consists of 24 questions (19 self-rated questions and 5 questions measures objective sleep quality from bed partner. Self- rated question are combined to form seven component score. Each component has a score range from 0 point (no difficulty) to 3 point (extreme difficulty). Global PSQI score results from summation of seven component scores. It have a range from 0 point (no difficulty in all area) to 21 points (severe difficulties in all area). Global PSQI score >=5 indicate a poor sleep quality where a total score <5 indicate a good sleep quality.
measure: sleep quality score during past day of hospitalization (before undergoing cardiac catheterization) using Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (PSQI)
time frame: one day during hospitalization
description: sleep quality of participants was assessed for the second time after sleeping one night in hospital using Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (one day used instead of month words). Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX is a valid and reliable version of original English version that is a self-rated questionnaire. The instrument consists of 24 questions (19 self-rated questions and the rest 5 questions are measured objective sleep quality from bed partner. Self- rated question are only used in the scoring and they are combined to form seven component score. Each component has a score range from 0 point (no difficulty) to 3 point (extreme difficulty). Global PSQI score results from summation of seven component scores. It have a range from 0 point (no difficulty in all area) to 21 points (severe difficulties in all area). Global PSQI score >=5 indicate a poor sleep quality where total score <5 indicate a good sleep quality.
measure: sleep quality score during past five days (after undergoing cardiac catheterization) using Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX
time frame: five days after admission
description: sleep quality of participants was assessed for the third time after five days from admission using Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX (five days was used instead of month words in original tool). Arabic version of PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX is a valid and reliable version of original English version that is a self-rated questionnaire. The instrument consists of 24 questions (19 self-rated questions and the rest 5 questions are measured objective sleep quality from bed partner. Self- rated question are only used in the scoring and they are combined to form seven component score. Each component has a score range from 0 point (no difficulty) to 3 point (extreme difficulty). Global PSQI score results from summation of seven component scores. It have a range from 0 point (no difficulty in all area) to 21 points (severe difficulties in all area). Global PSQI score >=5 indicate a poor sleep quality where total score <5 indicate a good sleep quality.
arm group label: intervention group
arm group type: Experimental
description: product name: organic Atlas cedar wood essential oil (Cedrus Atlantica): the intervention group smell 2 drops of organic Atlas cedar wood essential oil (applied on cotton ball) for a period of five consecutive nights (at least 8 hours each night).
arm group label: control group
arm group type: No Intervention
description: participants of this group received no intervention.
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Organic Atlas cedar wood essential oil (Cedrus Atantica)
description: At first day of admission, Intervention group received an intervention kit consist of 5 small glass essential oil bottles. Each essential oil bottle contains a small cotton ball saturated with two drops of Organic Atlas cedar wood essential oil (Cedrus Atantica). Participants were asked to open the bottle, inhale the smell directly and put it opened at 20 cm beside bed during night.
arm group label: intervention group
other name: aromatherapy
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 20 Years
maximum age: 64 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: rawan algzawy
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Dean of graduate studies at Jordan university of science and Technology
last name: wejdan khater
role: Study Director
affiliation: Dean of graduate studies at Jordan university of science and Technology
facility: 
country: Jordan
citation: Sano A, Sei H, Seno H, Morita Y, Moritoki H. Influence of cedar essence on spontaneous activity and sleep of rats and human daytime nap. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998 Apr;52(2):133-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.1998.tb00991.x.
PMID: 9628112
citation: Michal M, Wiltink J, Kirschner Y, Schneider A, Wild PS, Munzel T, Blettner M, Schulz A, Lackner K, Pfeiffer N, Blankenberg S, Tschan R, Tuin I, Beutel ME. Complaints of sleep disturbances are associated with cardiovascular disease: results from the Gutenberg Health Study. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104324. eCollection 2014.
PMID: 25093413
citation: Martins DF, Emer AA, Batisti AP, Donatello N, Carlesso MG, Mazzardo-Martins L, Venzke D, Micke GA, Pizzolatti MG, Piovezan AP, dos Santos AR. Inhalation of Cedrus atlantica essential oil alleviates pain behavior through activation of descending pain modulation pathways in a mouse model of postoperative pain. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Dec 4;175:30-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.048. Epub 2015 Sep 4.
PMID: 26344850
citation: Khaled, S., Lourance, A.-H., & Ahmad, D. (2012). Psychometric testing of the Arabic version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (A-PSQI) among coronary artery disease patients in Jordan. J Nat Sci Res, 2, 15-19.
citation: Hwang E, Shin S. The effects of aromatherapy on sleep improvement: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2015 Feb;21(2):61-8. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0113. Epub 2015 Jan 13.
PMID: 25584799
citation: Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
PMID: 2748771
citation: Alcantara C, Peacock J, Davidson KW, Hiti D, Edmondson D. The association of short sleep after acute coronary syndrome with recurrent cardiac events and mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2014 Feb 1;171(2):e11-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.135. Epub 2013 Dec 7. No abstract available.
PMID: 24365609
citation: Ali, B., Al-Wabel, N. A., Shams, S., Ahamad, A., Khan, S. A., & Anwar, F. (2015). Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5(8), 601-611.
citation: Andrechuk CR, Ceolim MF. Sleep quality and adverse outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Clin Nurs. 2016 Jan;25(1-2):223-30. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13051.
PMID: 26769209
citation: King, L., Wright, B., & Reynolds, A. (2015). AROMATHERAPY.
responsible party type: Sponsor-Investigator
investigator affiliation: Jordan University of Science and Technology
investigator full name: Rawan Alghzawi
investigator title: master student at nursing faculty
mesh term: Heart Diseases
mesh term: Coronary Disease
mesh term: Coronary Artery Disease
mesh term: Myocardial Ischemia