<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03793127</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>TRIMD 1344107</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03793127</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Brown Adipose Tissue Pilot</brief_title>
  <acronym>BATSP</acronym>
  <official_title>BAT as a Therapeutic for the Metabolic and Cardiac Dysfunction With Senescence Pilot</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>AdventHealth Translational Research Institute</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>AdventHealth Translational Research Institute</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The primary purpose of this protocol is to develop a reliable method to determine BAT mass in&#xD;
      young and older adults by magnetic resonance imaging.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <overall_status>Active, not recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 23, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2023</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">May 13, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Single Group Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>This is a single site cross sectional study.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Basic Science</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Collection of imaging of BAT by magnetic resonance imaging from 10 participants in each of young and old study groups.</measure>
    <time_frame>30 minutes</time_frame>
    <description>Brown adipose tissue will be differentiated from white adipose tissue using fat fraction and T2* relaxation time maps generated from a commercially available modified 6-point Dixon (mDixon) water-fat separation method. The participant may be removed from the magnet and repositioned during the exam in order to determine the same day variability of this method.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">24</enrollment>
  <condition>Aging</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Young group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>20-40 years of age</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Old group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>60-80 years of age</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max)</intervention_name>
    <description>Aerobic fitness will be determined by measuring V02 max during a stationary bicycle exercise test.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Old group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Young group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Brown adipose tissue (BAT) imaging</intervention_name>
    <description>Brown adipose tissue will be differentiated from white adipose tissue using fat fraction and T2* relaxation time maps generated from a commercially available modified 6-point Dixon (mDixon) water-fat separation method.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Old group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Young group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Muscle function testing</intervention_name>
    <description>This test will be done on a machine called a Biodex. We will measure the speed at which subjects move resistance at different percentages of their peak strength.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Old group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Young group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Capable of providing informed consent and has voluntarily signed and dated an informed&#xD;
             consent form, approved by an Institutional Review Board and provided Health Insurance&#xD;
             Portability and Accountability Act authorization (HIPAA) or other privacy&#xD;
             authorization prior to any participation in study.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Adult female or male, 20-40 or 60-80 years of age, inclusive at time of screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  BMI ≥19.0 and ≤34.9 kg/m2, inclusive at time of screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Stable weight (No gain/loss of ≥ 10 lbs within 6 months prior to screening).&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Non-smokers as defined by not smoked any tobacco or nicotine-containing products vape&#xD;
             pens or vaporizers within 3 months prior to screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of type 1 or type 2 diabetes per self-report at screening visit 1; or Hgb A1c&#xD;
             ≥ 6.5% at screening..&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Actively pursuing weight loss and/or lifestyle changes at time of screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Weight &gt; 450 lbs at screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Uncontrolled hypertension (BP &gt;160 mmHg systolic or &gt;100 mmHg diastolic).&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) &lt;21, only applicable for those 60-80 years of age&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Significant cardiovascular event (e.g. myocardial infarction, stroke) ≤ 6 months prior&#xD;
             to screening visit; or stated history of congestive heart failure; or evidence of&#xD;
             cardiovascular disease assessed during the ECG at screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Current infection (requiring prescription antimicrobial or antiviral medication, or&#xD;
             hospitalization), or corticosteroid treatment (with the exception of inhaled or&#xD;
             topical steroids) in the last 3 months prior to screening visit.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Prescription strength anti-inflammatory medication in the 6 weeks prior to screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Surgery requiring &gt;2 days of hospitalization in the last 3 weeks prior to screening&#xD;
             visit.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Active malignancy or autoimmune disease.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of chronic, contagious, infectious disease, such as active tuberculosis,&#xD;
             Hepatitis B or C, or HIV, per self-report.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of uncontrolled severe diarrhea, nausea or vomiting within 3 months of&#xD;
             screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Uncontrolled severe (including stage III or above) gastrointestinal absorption-related&#xD;
             disorders, within 3 months of screening, such as: obstruction of the gastrointestinal&#xD;
             tract, inflammatory bowel disease, short bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux&#xD;
             disease, gastroparesis, peptic ulcer disease, celiac disease, intestinal dysmotility,&#xD;
             diverticulitis, ischemic colitis.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of drug or alcohol abuse (&gt; 3 drinks per day) within the last 5 years.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnant, lactating or is within 6 weeks postpartum prior to the screening visit.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Metal implants (pace-maker, aneurysm clips) based on Investigator's judgment at&#xD;
             screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Unable to participate in MRI assessments due to physical limitations of equipment&#xD;
             tolerances (e.g. MRI bore size) based on Investigator's judgment at screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Unable to tolerate MRI imaging or claustrophobia.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥300 mg/g in a single urine specimen (per&#xD;
             National Kidney Foundation guideline) at screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Impaired renal function: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 50&#xD;
             ml/min/1.73m2 determined at screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Significantly impaired liver function in the opinion of the study PI (mild&#xD;
             asymptomatic fatty liver is acceptable), or hepatic enzyme tests are ≥2.5 times normal&#xD;
             limit at time of screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Total cholesterol level is ˃300 mg/dL at screening.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Participant has inadequately treated hyperthyroidism (thyroid stimulating hormone&#xD;
             [TSH] below normal range) or hypothyroidism (TSH&gt;ULN (upper limit normal) to &lt;10U/mL&#xD;
             and symptomatic, or TSH &gt;10 U/mL) at time of screening.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>20 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>80 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Paul Coen, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Study principal investigator</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes</name>
      <address>
        <city>Orlando</city>
        <state>Florida</state>
        <zip>32804</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <link>
    <url>http://www.tri-md.org</url>
    <description>Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes</description>
  </link>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, Yachi Y, Asumi M, Sugawara A, Totsuka K, Shimano H, Ohashi Y, Yamada N, Sone H. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009 May 20;301(19):2024-35. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.681.</citation>
    <PMID>19454641</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Costantino S, Paneni F, Cosentino F. Ageing, metabolism and cardiovascular disease. J Physiol. 2016 Apr 15;594(8):2061-73. doi: 10.1113/JP270538. Epub 2015 Oct 22.</citation>
    <PMID>26391109</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kalyani RR, Egan JM. Diabetes and altered glucose metabolism with aging. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2013 Jun;42(2):333-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.02.010. Epub 2013 Mar 22.</citation>
    <PMID>23702405</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, Tal I, Rodman D, Goldfine AB, Kuo FC, Palmer EL, Tseng YH, Doria A, Kolodny GM, Kahn CR. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1509-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810780.</citation>
    <PMID>19357406</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM, Drossaerts JM, Kemerink GJ, Bouvy ND, Schrauwen P, Teule GJ. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1500-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808718. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 30;360(18):1917.</citation>
    <PMID>19357405</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Matsushita M, Watanabe K, Yoneshiro T, Nio-Kobayashi J, Iwanaga T, Miyagawa M, Kameya T, Nakada K, Kawai Y, Tsujisaki M. High incidence of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity. Diabetes. 2009 Jul;58(7):1526-31. doi: 10.2337/db09-0530. Epub 2009 Apr 28.</citation>
    <PMID>19401428</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Stanford KI, Middelbeek RJ, Townsend KL, An D, Nygaard EB, Hitchcox KM, Markan KR, Nakano K, Hirshman MF, Tseng YH, Goodyear LJ. Brown adipose tissue regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Invest. 2013 Jan;123(1):215-23. doi: 10.1172/JCI62308. Epub 2012 Dec 10.</citation>
    <PMID>23221344</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Berbee JF, Boon MR, Khedoe PP, Bartelt A, Schlein C, Worthmann A, Kooijman S, Hoeke G, Mol IM, John C, Jung C, Vazirpanah N, Brouwers LP, Gordts PL, Esko JD, Hiemstra PS, Havekes LM, Scheja L, Heeren J, Rensen PC. Brown fat activation reduces hypercholesterolaemia and protects from atherosclerosis development. Nat Commun. 2015 Mar 10;6:6356. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7356.</citation>
    <PMID>25754609</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gunawardana SC, Piston DW. Reversal of type 1 diabetes in mice by brown adipose tissue transplant. Diabetes. 2012 Mar;61(3):674-82. doi: 10.2337/db11-0510. Epub 2012 Feb 7.</citation>
    <PMID>22315305</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Thoonen R, Ernande L, Cheng J, Nagasaka Y, Yao V, Miranda-Bezerra A, Chen C, Chao W, Panagia M, Sosnovik DE, Puppala D, Armoundas AA, Hindle A, Bloch KD, Buys ES, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Functional brown adipose tissue limits cardiomyocyte injury and adverse remodeling in catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2015 Jul;84:202-11. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.002. Epub 2015 May 9.</citation>
    <PMID>25968336</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Stanford KI, Lynes MD, Takahashi H, Baer LA, Arts PJ, May FJ, Lehnig AC, Middelbeek RJW, Richard JJ, So K, Chen EY, Gao F, Narain NR, Distefano G, Shettigar VK, Hirshman MF, Ziolo MT, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH, Coen PM, Goodyear LJ. 12,13-diHOME: An Exercise-Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake. Cell Metab. 2018 May 1;27(5):1111-1120.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.020. Erratum In: Cell Metab. 2018 Jun 5;27(6):1357.</citation>
    <PMID>29719226</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lynes MD, Leiria LO, Lundh M, Bartelt A, Shamsi F, Huang TL, Takahashi H, Hirshman MF, Schlein C, Lee A, Baer LA, May FJ, Gao F, Narain NR, Chen EY, Kiebish MA, Cypess AM, Bluher M, Goodyear LJ, Hotamisligil GS, Stanford KI, Tseng YH. The cold-induced lipokine 12,13-diHOME promotes fatty acid transport into brown adipose tissue. Nat Med. 2017 May;23(5):631-637. doi: 10.1038/nm.4297. Epub 2017 Mar 27. Erratum In: Nat Med. 2017 Nov 7;23 (11):1384.</citation>
    <PMID>28346411</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rothwell NJ, Stock MJ. Effects of age on diet-induced thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue metabolism in the rat. Int J Obes. 1983;7(6):583-9.</citation>
    <PMID>6686217</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Graja A, Schulz TJ. Mechanisms of aging-related impairment of brown adipocyte development and function. Gerontology. 2015;61(3):211-7. doi: 10.1159/000366557. Epub 2014 Dec 20.</citation>
    <PMID>25531079</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Yazdanyar A, Newman AB. The burden of cardiovascular disease in the elderly: morbidity, mortality, and costs. Clin Geriatr Med. 2009 Nov;25(4):563-77, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2009.07.007.</citation>
    <PMID>19944261</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lowell BB, S-Susulic V, Hamann A, Lawitts JA, Himms-Hagen J, Boyer BB, Kozak LP, Flier JS. Development of obesity in transgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. Nature. 1993 Dec 23-30;366(6457):740-2. doi: 10.1038/366740a0.</citation>
    <PMID>8264795</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bartelt A, Bruns OT, Reimer R, Hohenberg H, Ittrich H, Peldschus K, Kaul MG, Tromsdorf UI, Weller H, Waurisch C, Eychmuller A, Gordts PL, Rinninger F, Bruegelmann K, Freund B, Nielsen P, Merkel M, Heeren J. Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance. Nat Med. 2011 Feb;17(2):200-5. doi: 10.1038/nm.2297. Epub 2011 Jan 23.</citation>
    <PMID>21258337</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Guerra C, Koza RA, Yamashita H, Walsh K, Kozak LP. Emergence of brown adipocytes in white fat in mice is under genetic control. Effects on body weight and adiposity. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jul 15;102(2):412-20. doi: 10.1172/JCI3155.</citation>
    <PMID>9664083</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Dulloo AG, Miller DS. Energy balance following sympathetic denervation of brown adipose tissue. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1984 Feb;62(2):235-40. doi: 10.1139/y84-035.</citation>
    <PMID>6713291</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>July 2023</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 14, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 2, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">January 4, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>July 21, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>July 21, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">July 24, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <provided_document_section>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Informed Consent Form</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>No</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>Yes</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>No</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>March 12, 2019</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/27/NCT03793127/ICF_000.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
  </provided_document_section>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03793127
org study id: TRIMD 1344107
nct id: NCT03793127
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The primary purpose of this protocol is to develop a reliable method to determine BAT mass in
      young and older adults by magnetic resonance imaging.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Single Group Assignment
intervention model description: This is a single site cross sectional study.
primary purpose: Basic Science
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Collection of imaging of BAT by magnetic resonance imaging from 10 participants in each of young and old study groups.
time frame: 30 minutes
description: Brown adipose tissue will be differentiated from white adipose tissue using fat fraction and T2* relaxation time maps generated from a commercially available modified 6-point Dixon (mDixon) water-fat separation method. The participant may be removed from the magnet and repositioned during the exam in order to determine the same day variability of this method.
arm group label: Young group
arm group type: Other
description: 20-40 years of age
arm group label: Old group
arm group type: Other
description: 60-80 years of age
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max)
description: Aerobic fitness will be determined by measuring V02 max during a stationary bicycle exercise test.
arm group label: Old group
arm group label: Young group
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) imaging
description: Brown adipose tissue will be differentiated from white adipose tissue using fat fraction and T2* relaxation time maps generated from a commercially available modified 6-point Dixon (mDixon) water-fat separation method.
arm group label: Old group
arm group label: Young group
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Muscle function testing
description: This test will be done on a machine called a Biodex. We will measure the speed at which subjects move resistance at different percentages of their peak strength.
arm group label: Old group
arm group label: Young group
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 20 Years
maximum age: 80 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Paul Coen, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Study principal investigator
facility: 
country: United States
url: http://www.tri-md.org
description: Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes
citation: Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, Yachi Y, Asumi M, Sugawara A, Totsuka K, Shimano H, Ohashi Y, Yamada N, Sone H. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009 May 20;301(19):2024-35. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.681.
PMID: 19454641
citation: Costantino S, Paneni F, Cosentino F. Ageing, metabolism and cardiovascular disease. J Physiol. 2016 Apr 15;594(8):2061-73. doi: 10.1113/JP270538. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
PMID: 26391109
citation: Kalyani RR, Egan JM. Diabetes and altered glucose metabolism with aging. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2013 Jun;42(2):333-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.02.010. Epub 2013 Mar 22.
PMID: 23702405
citation: Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, Tal I, Rodman D, Goldfine AB, Kuo FC, Palmer EL, Tseng YH, Doria A, Kolodny GM, Kahn CR. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1509-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810780.
PMID: 19357406
citation: van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM, Drossaerts JM, Kemerink GJ, Bouvy ND, Schrauwen P, Teule GJ. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1500-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808718. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 30;360(18):1917.
PMID: 19357405
citation: Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Matsushita M, Watanabe K, Yoneshiro T, Nio-Kobayashi J, Iwanaga T, Miyagawa M, Kameya T, Nakada K, Kawai Y, Tsujisaki M. High incidence of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity. Diabetes. 2009 Jul;58(7):1526-31. doi: 10.2337/db09-0530. Epub 2009 Apr 28.
PMID: 19401428
citation: Stanford KI, Middelbeek RJ, Townsend KL, An D, Nygaard EB, Hitchcox KM, Markan KR, Nakano K, Hirshman MF, Tseng YH, Goodyear LJ. Brown adipose tissue regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Invest. 2013 Jan;123(1):215-23. doi: 10.1172/JCI62308. Epub 2012 Dec 10.
PMID: 23221344
citation: Berbee JF, Boon MR, Khedoe PP, Bartelt A, Schlein C, Worthmann A, Kooijman S, Hoeke G, Mol IM, John C, Jung C, Vazirpanah N, Brouwers LP, Gordts PL, Esko JD, Hiemstra PS, Havekes LM, Scheja L, Heeren J, Rensen PC. Brown fat activation reduces hypercholesterolaemia and protects from atherosclerosis development. Nat Commun. 2015 Mar 10;6:6356. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7356.
PMID: 25754609
citation: Gunawardana SC, Piston DW. Reversal of type 1 diabetes in mice by brown adipose tissue transplant. Diabetes. 2012 Mar;61(3):674-82. doi: 10.2337/db11-0510. Epub 2012 Feb 7.
PMID: 22315305
citation: Thoonen R, Ernande L, Cheng J, Nagasaka Y, Yao V, Miranda-Bezerra A, Chen C, Chao W, Panagia M, Sosnovik DE, Puppala D, Armoundas AA, Hindle A, Bloch KD, Buys ES, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Functional brown adipose tissue limits cardiomyocyte injury and adverse remodeling in catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2015 Jul;84:202-11. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.002. Epub 2015 May 9.
PMID: 25968336
citation: Stanford KI, Lynes MD, Takahashi H, Baer LA, Arts PJ, May FJ, Lehnig AC, Middelbeek RJW, Richard JJ, So K, Chen EY, Gao F, Narain NR, Distefano G, Shettigar VK, Hirshman MF, Ziolo MT, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH, Coen PM, Goodyear LJ. 12,13-diHOME: An Exercise-Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake. Cell Metab. 2018 May 1;27(5):1111-1120.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.020. Erratum In: Cell Metab. 2018 Jun 5;27(6):1357.
PMID: 29719226
citation: Lynes MD, Leiria LO, Lundh M, Bartelt A, Shamsi F, Huang TL, Takahashi H, Hirshman MF, Schlein C, Lee A, Baer LA, May FJ, Gao F, Narain NR, Chen EY, Kiebish MA, Cypess AM, Bluher M, Goodyear LJ, Hotamisligil GS, Stanford KI, Tseng YH. The cold-induced lipokine 12,13-diHOME promotes fatty acid transport into brown adipose tissue. Nat Med. 2017 May;23(5):631-637. doi: 10.1038/nm.4297. Epub 2017 Mar 27. Erratum In: Nat Med. 2017 Nov 7;23 (11):1384.
PMID: 28346411
citation: Rothwell NJ, Stock MJ. Effects of age on diet-induced thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue metabolism in the rat. Int J Obes. 1983;7(6):583-9.
PMID: 6686217
citation: Graja A, Schulz TJ. Mechanisms of aging-related impairment of brown adipocyte development and function. Gerontology. 2015;61(3):211-7. doi: 10.1159/000366557. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
PMID: 25531079
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