<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03771339</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>IndonesiaUAnes030</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03771339</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Comparison of Quadratus Lumborum Block and Epidural Analgesia Following Kidney Transplant Surgery</brief_title>
  <official_title>Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block and Epidural Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Management After Renal Transplantation</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Indonesia University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Indonesia University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Quadratus lumborum block as an alternative for postoperative analgesia compared with epidural&#xD;
      block&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Epidural analgesia is the main choice of analgesia following kidney transplant surgery.&#xD;
      However, continuous epidural technique had some concerning side effects such as hemodynamic&#xD;
      instabilities, urine retention, motor/sensory disturbances/weakness, and mobilisation&#xD;
      comfort, it could also cause hypotension which could affect graft success. Quadratus lumborum&#xD;
      (QL) block had lesser side effects thus could be an option for postoperative analgesia,&#xD;
      however there are no study showing the safety and success rate of QL block techniques for&#xD;
      patients who underwent kidney transplant surgery.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">December 10, 2018</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">January 31, 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">January 31, 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Morphine consumption</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Additional analgesia required at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Pain Intensity</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Pain intensity measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. VAS assessed with horizontal line 0-100 mm for no pain to the worst pain, with range 0-30 mm for none to mild pain, 31-70 mm for moderate pain, 71-100 mm for severe pain.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>First time morphine required</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Total time gap from postoperative analgesia procedure administration to first morphine requirement</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Total minimum and maximum dose of vasoactive agents</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Minimum and maximum dose of norepinephrine and dobutamine as vasoactive agents within 24 hours after surgery</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Urine output</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Urine output (mL/kgBW/hour) after surgery</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Bromage score</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Bromage score at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery to assess lower limb motoric block.&#xD;
Score for Bromage:&#xD;
free movement&#xD;
partial block&#xD;
almost complete&#xD;
complete block</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Ramsay score</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Ramsay score at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery to assess patient sedation level.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Dermatomal coverage of analgesia procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>Immediately after anaesthesia completion</time_frame>
    <description>dermatome sensory block distribution using cold sensation test</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Blood ropivacaine level</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Arterial blood sample of all subjects will be withdrawn approximately 3 mL from the arterial line at 0, 30, 45, 60 minute, and 2, 4, 6,12,18, 24 hours after designated analgesia procedure, and will be used for ropivacaine blood level measurements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), to measure Total plasma ropivacaine concentration (Cstop), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time of maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve (AUC)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">50</enrollment>
  <condition>Postoperative Pain</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Continuous Epidural Analgesia</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Continuous epidural analgesia using ropivacaine 0.375% 3 mL boluses followed by ropivacaine 0.2% with rate 6 mL per hour for 24 hours</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Bilateral Quadratus Lumborum Block</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Bilateral Quadratus lumborum block using ropivacaine 0.2% 20 mL each injection after surgery</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Continuous Epidural analgesia</intervention_name>
    <description>Continuous Epidural catheter is inserted at the Thoracic 11-T12 level, using Ropivacaine 0.375% 3 mL bolus followed by Ropivacaine 0.2% with rate 6 mL/hour for 24 hours after laparoscopic nephrectomy</description>
    <arm_group_label>Continuous Epidural Analgesia</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Bilateral Quadratus Lumborum block</intervention_name>
    <description>Bilateral anterior Quadratus Lumborum block using Ropivacaine 0.375% 20 mL each injection as postoperative analgesia treatment for 24 hours</description>
    <arm_group_label>Bilateral Quadratus Lumborum Block</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patients undergoing elective kidney transplant laparotomy surgery&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Agrees to participate in research&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Declines to participate in research&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Contraindications to intervention procedures (epidural or quadratus lumborum block)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of local anaesthetic allergy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Systemic allergic reactions, anaphylactic reaction, cardiac arrest&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Failure of intervention procedures (epidural or quadratus lumborum block)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Intraoperative complications (massive bleeding, hypotension)&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>80 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Dita Aditianingsih, M.D.</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Indonesia University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo</name>
      <address>
        <city>Jakarta Pusat</city>
        <state>DKI Jakarta</state>
        <zip>10430</zip>
        <country>Indonesia</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Indonesia</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mochtar CA, Alfarissi F, Soeroto AA, Hamid ARAH, Wahyudi I, Marbun MBH, et al. Milestones of kidney transplantation in Indonesia. Med J Indones. 2017 Nov 27;26(3):229.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kakaei F, Nikeghbalian S, Ali S. Kidney Transplantation Techniques. In: Rath T, editor. Current Issues and Future Direction in Kidney Transplantation [Internet]. InTech; 2013 [cited 2018 Jun 6]. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-issues-and-future-direction-in-kidney-transplantation/kidney-transplantation-techniques</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Pham PC, Khaing K, Sievers TM, Pham PM, Miller JM, Pham SV, Pham PA, Pham PT. 2017 update on pain management in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J. 2017 Oct;10(5):688-697. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfx080. Epub 2017 Aug 18.</citation>
    <PMID>28979781</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Abdelsalam K., Sultan S. Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in kidney transplantation. Ain-Shams J Anaesthesiol. 2015;8(1):140.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Srivastava D, Tiwari T, Sahu S, Chandra A, Dhiraaj S. Anaesthetic management of renal transplant surgery in patients of dilated cardiomyopathy with ejection fraction less than 40%. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2014;2014:525969. doi: 10.1155/2014/525969. Epub 2014 Aug 19.</citation>
    <PMID>25210514</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>S Martinez B. Anesthesia for Kidney Transplantation-A Review. J Anesth Clin Res [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2018 Jun 6];04(01). Available from: https://www.omicsonline.org/anesthesia-for-kidney-transplantation-a-review-2155-6148.1000270.php?aid=11555</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hirata ES, Baghin MF, Pereira RI, Alves Filho G, Udelsmann A. Influence of the anesthetic technique on the hemodynamic changes in renal transplantation: a retrospective study. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2009 Mar-Apr;59(2):166-76. doi: 10.1590/s0034-70942009000200004. English, Portuguese.</citation>
    <PMID>19488528</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Aulakh NK, Garg K, Bose A, Aulakh BS, Chahal HS, Aulakh GS. Influence of hemodynamics and intra-operative hydration on biochemical outcome of renal transplant recipients. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Apr-Jun;31(2):174-9. doi: 10.4103/0970-9185.155144.</citation>
    <PMID>25948896</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ueshima H, Otake H, Lin JA. Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block: An Updated Review of Anatomy and Techniques. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2752876. doi: 10.1155/2017/2752876. Epub 2017 Jan 3.</citation>
    <PMID>28154824</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Krohg A, Ullensvang K, Rosseland LA, Langesaeter E, Sauter AR. The Analgesic Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Analg. 2018 Feb;126(2):559-565. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002648. Erratum In: Anesth Analg. 2019 Jan;128(1):e18.</citation>
    <PMID>29135590</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mieszkowski MM, Mayzner-Zawadzka E, Tuyakov B, Mieszkowska M, Zukowski M, Wasniewski T, Onichimowski D. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Quadratus Lumborum Block type I using ropivacaine in postoperative analgesia after a cesarean section - a controlled clinical study. Ginekol Pol. 2018;89(2):89-96. doi: 10.5603/GP.a2018.0015.</citation>
    <PMID>29512813</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lemmens HJ. Kidney transplantation: recent developments and recommendations for anesthetic management. Anesthesiol Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;22(4):651-62. doi: 10.1016/j.atc.2004.05.007.</citation>
    <PMID>15541928</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hockett MM, Hembrador S, Lee A. Continuous Quadratus Lumborum Block for Postoperative Pain in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report. A A Case Rep. 2016 Sep 15;7(6):129-31. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000363.</citation>
    <PMID>27513972</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mukhtar K, Khattak I. Transversus abdominis plane block for renal transplant recipients. Br J Anaesth. 2010 May;104(5):663-4. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeq077. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>20400617</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tsai HC, Yoshida T, Chuang TY, Yang SF, Chang CC, Yao HY, Tai YT, Lin JA, Chen KY. Transversus Abdominis Plane Block: An Updated Review of Anatomy and Techniques. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:8284363. doi: 10.1155/2017/8284363. Epub 2017 Oct 31.</citation>
    <PMID>29226150</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Schmid S, Jungwirth B. Anaesthesia for renal transplant surgery: an update. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2012 Dec;29(12):552-8. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32835925fc.</citation>
    <PMID>23010898</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Williams M, Milner QJ. Postoperative analgesia following renal transplantation - current practice in the UK. Anaesthesia. 2003 Jul;58(7):712-3. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.32661.x. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>12790818</PMID>
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    <citation>Nair A. Bilateral quadratus lumborum block for post-caesarean analgesia. Indian J Anaesth. 2017 Apr;61(4):362-363. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_204_17. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>28515533</PMID>
  </reference>
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    <citation>Ashok J, Mayur M, Asit K P, Neelam S.Postoperative Analgesia by Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block Catheters. J Anest &amp; Inten Care Med. 2016; 1(3) : 555562</citation>
  </reference>
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    <citation>Blanco R, Ansari T, Girgis E. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain after caesarean section: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 Nov;32(11):812-8. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000299.</citation>
    <PMID>26225500</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Carline L, McLeod GA, Lamb C. A cadaver study comparing spread of dye and nerve involvement after three different quadratus lumborum blocks. Br J Anaesth. 2016 Sep;117(3):387-94. doi: 10.1093/bja/aew224.</citation>
    <PMID>27543534</PMID>
  </reference>
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    <citation>Elsharkawy H. Quadratus Lumborum Blocks. Adv Anesth. 2017;35(1):145-157. doi: 10.1016/j.aan.2017.07.007. Epub 2017 Oct 3. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>29103570</PMID>
  </reference>
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    <citation>Garg C, Khanna S, Mehta Y. Quadratus lumborum block for post-operative pain relief in patient with Prune belly syndrome. Indian J Anaesth. 2017 Oct;61(10):840-842. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_246_17.</citation>
    <PMID>29242658</PMID>
  </reference>
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    <citation>Shaaban M, Esa WA, Maheshwari K, Elsharkawy H, Soliman LM. Bilateral Continuous Quadratus Lumborum Block for Acute Postoperative Abdominal Pain as a Rescue After Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression. A A Case Rep. 2015 Oct 1;5(7):107-11. doi: 10.1213/XAA.0000000000000188.</citation>
    <PMID>26402020</PMID>
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    <citation>Akerman M, Pejcic N, Velickovic I. A Review of the Quadratus Lumborum Block and ERAS. Front Med (Lausanne). 2018 Feb 26;5:44. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00044. eCollection 2018.</citation>
    <PMID>29536008</PMID>
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    <citation>Agrawal P, Farag E. Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum and subcostal transversus abdominis plane blocks. Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag. 2014 Oct;18(4):163-5</citation>
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    <citation>Brull R, MacFarlane AJR, Chan VWS. Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia. In: Miller RD, Cohen NH, Eriksson LI, Fleisher LA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Young WL, editors. Miller's anesthesia. Eighth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders; 2015. p. 1684-720</citation>
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    <citation>Butterworth JF, Mackey DC, Wasnick JD, Morgan GE, Mikhail MS, Morgan GE. Spinal, Epidural, &amp; Caudal Blocks. In: Morgan and Mikhail's clinical anesthesiology. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill; 2013. p. 937-74</citation>
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    <citation>Clemente A, Carli F. The physiological effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia on the cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Minerva Anestesiol. 2008 Oct;74(10):549-63.</citation>
    <PMID>18854796</PMID>
  </reference>
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    <citation>Wheatley RG, Schug SA, Watson D. Safety and efficacy of postoperative epidural analgesia. Br J Anaesth. 2001 Jul;87(1):47-61. doi: 10.1093/bja/87.1.47. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>11460813</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Grass JA. Patient-controlled analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2005 Nov;101(5 Suppl):S44-S61. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000177102.11682.20.</citation>
    <PMID>16334492</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Francesca F, Bader P, Echtle D, Giunta F, Williams J; EAU. EAU guidelines on pain management. Eur Urol. 2003 Oct;44(4):383-9. doi: 10.1016/s0302-2838(03)00321-x.</citation>
    <PMID>14499670</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>October 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 6, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 7, 2018</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">December 11, 2018</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>October 26, 2020</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>October 26, 2020</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">October 28, 2020</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Indonesia University</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Dita Aditianingsih</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Principal investigator, Anesthesiologist Consultant</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>quadratus lumborum block</keyword>
  <keyword>continuous epidural</keyword>
  <keyword>postoperative analgesia</keyword>
  <keyword>kidney transplant</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Pain, Postoperative</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03771339
org study id: IndonesiaUAnes030
nct id: NCT03771339
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Quadratus lumborum block as an alternative for postoperative analgesia compared with epidural
      block
Epidural analgesia is the main choice of analgesia following kidney transplant surgery.
      However, continuous epidural technique had some concerning side effects such as hemodynamic
      instabilities, urine retention, motor/sensory disturbances/weakness, and mobilisation
      comfort, it could also cause hypotension which could affect graft success. Quadratus lumborum
      (QL) block had lesser side effects thus could be an option for postoperative analgesia,
      however there are no study showing the safety and success rate of QL block techniques for
      patients who underwent kidney transplant surgery.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Morphine consumption
time frame: 24 hours
description: Additional analgesia required at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery
measure: Pain Intensity
time frame: 24 hours
description: Pain intensity measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. VAS assessed with horizontal line 0-100 mm for no pain to the worst pain, with range 0-30 mm for none to mild pain, 31-70 mm for moderate pain, 71-100 mm for severe pain.
measure: First time morphine required
time frame: 24 hours
description: Total time gap from postoperative analgesia procedure administration to first morphine requirement
measure: Total minimum and maximum dose of vasoactive agents
time frame: 24 hours
description: Minimum and maximum dose of norepinephrine and dobutamine as vasoactive agents within 24 hours after surgery
measure: Urine output
time frame: 24 hours
description: Urine output (mL/kgBW/hour) after surgery
measure: Bromage score
time frame: 24 hours
description: Bromage score at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery to assess lower limb motoric block.
Score for Bromage:
free movement
partial block
almost complete
complete block
measure: Ramsay score
time frame: 24 hours
description: Ramsay score at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery to assess patient sedation level.
measure: Dermatomal coverage of analgesia procedure
time frame: Immediately after anaesthesia completion
description: dermatome sensory block distribution using cold sensation test
measure: Blood ropivacaine level
time frame: 24 hours
description: Arterial blood sample of all subjects will be withdrawn approximately 3 mL from the arterial line at 0, 30, 45, 60 minute, and 2, 4, 6,12,18, 24 hours after designated analgesia procedure, and will be used for ropivacaine blood level measurements using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), to measure Total plasma ropivacaine concentration (Cstop), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time of maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve (AUC)
arm group label: Continuous Epidural Analgesia
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Continuous epidural analgesia using ropivacaine 0.375% 3 mL boluses followed by ropivacaine 0.2% with rate 6 mL per hour for 24 hours
arm group label: Bilateral Quadratus Lumborum Block
arm group type: Experimental
description: Bilateral Quadratus lumborum block using ropivacaine 0.2% 20 mL each injection after surgery
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Continuous Epidural analgesia
description: Continuous Epidural catheter is inserted at the Thoracic 11-T12 level, using Ropivacaine 0.375% 3 mL bolus followed by Ropivacaine 0.2% with rate 6 mL/hour for 24 hours after laparoscopic nephrectomy
arm group label: Continuous Epidural Analgesia
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Bilateral Quadratus Lumborum block
description: Bilateral anterior Quadratus Lumborum block using Ropivacaine 0.375% 20 mL each injection as postoperative analgesia treatment for 24 hours
arm group label: Bilateral Quadratus Lumborum Block
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 80 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Dita Aditianingsih, M.D.
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Indonesia University
facility: 
country: Indonesia
citation: Mochtar CA, Alfarissi F, Soeroto AA, Hamid ARAH, Wahyudi I, Marbun MBH, et al. Milestones of kidney transplantation in Indonesia. Med J Indones. 2017 Nov 27;26(3):229.
citation: Kakaei F, Nikeghbalian S, Ali S. Kidney Transplantation Techniques. In: Rath T, editor. Current Issues and Future Direction in Kidney Transplantation [Internet]. InTech; 2013 [cited 2018 Jun 6]. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/current-issues-and-future-direction-in-kidney-transplantation/kidney-transplantation-techniques
citation: Pham PC, Khaing K, Sievers TM, Pham PM, Miller JM, Pham SV, Pham PA, Pham PT. 2017 update on pain management in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J. 2017 Oct;10(5):688-697. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfx080. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
PMID: 28979781
citation: Abdelsalam K., Sultan S. Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in kidney transplantation. Ain-Shams J Anaesthesiol. 2015;8(1):140.
citation: Srivastava D, Tiwari T, Sahu S, Chandra A, Dhiraaj S. Anaesthetic management of renal transplant surgery in patients of dilated cardiomyopathy with ejection fraction less than 40%. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2014;2014:525969. doi: 10.1155/2014/525969. Epub 2014 Aug 19.
PMID: 25210514
citation: S Martinez B. Anesthesia for Kidney Transplantation-A Review. J Anesth Clin Res [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2018 Jun 6];04(01). Available from: https://www.omicsonline.org/anesthesia-for-kidney-transplantation-a-review-2155-6148.1000270.php?aid=11555
citation: Hirata ES, Baghin MF, Pereira RI, Alves Filho G, Udelsmann A. Influence of the anesthetic technique on the hemodynamic changes in renal transplantation: a retrospective study. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2009 Mar-Apr;59(2):166-76. doi: 10.1590/s0034-70942009000200004. English, Portuguese.
PMID: 19488528
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responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Indonesia University
investigator full name: Dita Aditianingsih
investigator title: Principal investigator, Anesthesiologist Consultant
mesh term: Pain, Postoperative
sharing ipd: Undecided