<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03768323</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>00007318</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03768323</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Airtime Incentive Amounts to Improve Interactive Voice Response Surveys in Bangladesh and Uganda</brief_title>
  <official_title>A Randomized Controlled Trial of Varying Airtime Incentive Amounts to Improve Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Survey Performance in Bangladesh and Uganda</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>The Bloomberg Family Foundation, Inc.</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Makerere University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This study evaluates the effect of two different airtime incentive amounts on interactive&#xD;
      voice response (IVR) survey cooperation, response, refusal, and contact rates, as compared to&#xD;
      control group, in Bangladesh and Uganda.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Using random digit dialing sampling techniques, the investigators randomized random digit&#xD;
      dialed (RDD) participants to one of three airtime incentive amounts contingent on them&#xD;
      completing the noncommunicable disease risk factor survey. This mobile phone survey was sent&#xD;
      as an interactive voice response (IVR). In IVR surveys, participants use their touch tone key&#xD;
      pad to answer pre-recorded questions. (i.e. If you are male, press 1; If you are female,&#xD;
      press 2). This study was conducted in both Bangladesh and Uganda&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">March 26, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">July 14, 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">July 14, 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Participants were randomized to one of three airtime incentive amounts: 1) no incentive; 2) 1X incentive; or 3) 2x incentive where X was equal to 50 Bangladeshi Taka ($0.60 USD) or 5000 Ugandan Shillings (UGX; $1.35 USD as of April 3, 2018). Airtime incentives were sent if participants completed the noncommunicable disease risk factor survey</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Cooperation Rate #1</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research,the number of complete interviews divided by the sum of complete interviews, partial interviews, refusals, and breakoffs</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Response Rate #4</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research,the number of complete and partial interviews divided by the sum of complete interviews, partial interviews, refusals, breakoffs, and the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Refusal Rate #2</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research,the number of refusals and break-offs divided by the number of complete interviews, partial interviews, refusals, breakoffs, and the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Contact Rate #2</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research,the number of complete and partial interviews, refusals and break-offs divided by the number of complete interviews, partial interviews, refusals, breakoffs, and the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">4233</enrollment>
  <condition>Surveys and Questionnaires</condition>
  <condition>Noncommunicable Diseases</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No airtime incentive was given for completing the survey</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>1X incentive</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>1X airtime incentive</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>2X incentive</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>2X airtime incentive</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>1X airtime incentive</intervention_name>
    <description>an incentive given in the form of airtime to motivate participants to complete the survey. Participants were given 50 Bangladeshi Taka ($0.60 USD) or 5000 Ugandan Shillings (UGX; $1.35 USD as of April 3, 2018) worth of airtime for completing the survey</description>
    <arm_group_label>1X incentive</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>2X airtime incentive</intervention_name>
    <description>an incentive given in the form of airtime to motivate participants to complete the survey. Participants were given 100 Bangladeshi Taka ($1.20 USD) or 10000 UGX ($2.70 USD) worth of airtime for completing the survey</description>
    <arm_group_label>2X incentive</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Access to a mobile phone&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Greater or equal to 18 years of age&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  In Bangladesh, conversant in either English or Bangla language. In Uganda, conversant&#xD;
             in either Luo, Luganda, Runyakitara, or English Languages&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Less than 18 years of age&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Adnan A Hyder, Phd, MBBS</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>George W Pariyo, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research</name>
      <address>
        <city>Dhaka</city>
        <country>Bangladesh</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Makerere University School of Public Health</name>
      <address>
        <city>Kampala</city>
        <country>Uganda</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Bangladesh</country>
    <country>Uganda</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gibson DG, Pariyo GW, Wosu AC, Greenleaf AR, Ali J, Ahmed S, Labrique AB, Islam K, Masanja H, Rutebemberwa E, Hyder AA. Evaluation of Mechanisms to Improve Performance of Mobile Phone Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Research Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc. 2017 May 5;6(5):e81. doi: 10.2196/resprot.7534.</citation>
    <PMID>28476729</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gibson DG, Pereira A, Farrenkopf BA, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW, Hyder AA. Mobile Phone Surveys for Collecting Population-Level Estimates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Literature Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e139. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7428.</citation>
    <PMID>28476725</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gibson DG, Farrenkopf BA, Pereira A, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW. The Development of an Interactive Voice Response Survey for Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Estimation: Technical Assessment and Cognitive Testing. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e112. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7340.</citation>
    <PMID>28476724</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hyder AA, Wosu AC, Gibson DG, Labrique AB, Ali J, Pariyo GW. Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors and Mobile Phones: A Proposed Research Agenda. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e133. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7246.</citation>
    <PMID>28476722</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>December 2018</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>August 1, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 5, 2018</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">December 7, 2018</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>December 6, 2018</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>December 6, 2018</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">December 10, 2018</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>mobile phone surveys</keyword>
  <keyword>interactive voice response</keyword>
  <keyword>incentive</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Noncommunicable Diseases</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03768323
org study id: 00007318
nct id: NCT03768323
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
This study evaluates the effect of two different airtime incentive amounts on interactive
      voice response (IVR) survey cooperation, response, refusal, and contact rates, as compared to
      control group, in Bangladesh and Uganda.
Using random digit dialing sampling techniques, the investigators randomized random digit
      dialed (RDD) participants to one of three airtime incentive amounts contingent on them
      completing the noncommunicable disease risk factor survey. This mobile phone survey was sent
      as an interactive voice response (IVR). In IVR surveys, participants use their touch tone key
      pad to answer pre-recorded questions. (i.e. If you are male, press 1; If you are female,
      press 2). This study was conducted in both Bangladesh and Uganda
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Participants were randomized to one of three airtime incentive amounts: 1) no incentive; 2) 1X incentive; or 3) 2x incentive where X was equal to 50 Bangladeshi Taka ($0.60 USD) or 5000 Ugandan Shillings (UGX; $1.35 USD as of April 3, 2018). Airtime incentives were sent if participants completed the noncommunicable disease risk factor survey
primary purpose: Other
masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Cooperation Rate #1
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research,the number of complete interviews divided by the sum of complete interviews, partial interviews, refusals, and breakoffs
measure: Response Rate #4
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research,the number of complete and partial interviews divided by the sum of complete interviews, partial interviews, refusals, breakoffs, and the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns
measure: Refusal Rate #2
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research,the number of refusals and break-offs divided by the number of complete interviews, partial interviews, refusals, breakoffs, and the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns
measure: Contact Rate #2
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research,the number of complete and partial interviews, refusals and break-offs divided by the number of complete interviews, partial interviews, refusals, breakoffs, and the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns
arm group label: Control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No airtime incentive was given for completing the survey
arm group label: 1X incentive
arm group type: Experimental
description: 1X airtime incentive
arm group label: 2X incentive
arm group type: Experimental
description: 2X airtime incentive
intervention type: Other
intervention name: 1X airtime incentive
description: an incentive given in the form of airtime to motivate participants to complete the survey. Participants were given 50 Bangladeshi Taka ($0.60 USD) or 5000 Ugandan Shillings (UGX; $1.35 USD as of April 3, 2018) worth of airtime for completing the survey
arm group label: 1X incentive
intervention type: Other
intervention name: 2X airtime incentive
description: an incentive given in the form of airtime to motivate participants to complete the survey. Participants were given 100 Bangladeshi Taka ($1.20 USD) or 10000 UGX ($2.70 USD) worth of airtime for completing the survey
arm group label: 2X incentive
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Adnan A Hyder, Phd, MBBS
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
last name: George W Pariyo, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
facility: 
facility: 
country: Bangladesh
country: Uganda
citation: Gibson DG, Pariyo GW, Wosu AC, Greenleaf AR, Ali J, Ahmed S, Labrique AB, Islam K, Masanja H, Rutebemberwa E, Hyder AA. Evaluation of Mechanisms to Improve Performance of Mobile Phone Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Research Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc. 2017 May 5;6(5):e81. doi: 10.2196/resprot.7534.
PMID: 28476729
citation: Gibson DG, Pereira A, Farrenkopf BA, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW, Hyder AA. Mobile Phone Surveys for Collecting Population-Level Estimates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Literature Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e139. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7428.
PMID: 28476725
citation: Gibson DG, Farrenkopf BA, Pereira A, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW. The Development of an Interactive Voice Response Survey for Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Estimation: Technical Assessment and Cognitive Testing. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e112. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7340.
PMID: 28476724
citation: Hyder AA, Wosu AC, Gibson DG, Labrique AB, Ali J, Pariyo GW. Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors and Mobile Phones: A Proposed Research Agenda. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e133. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7246.
PMID: 28476722
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Noncommunicable Diseases
sharing ipd: No