<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03773146</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>00007318-2</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03773146</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Use of Airtime Structure to Improve Interactive Voice Response Surveys in Bangladesh and Uganda</brief_title>
  <official_title>A Randomized Controlled Trial of Varying Airtime Incentive Structure to Improve Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Survey Performance in Bangladesh and Uganda</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Makerere University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>The Bloomberg Family Foundation, Inc.</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This study evaluates the effect of three different airtime incentive structures on&#xD;
      interactive voice response (IVR) survey cooperation, response, refusal and contact rates, as&#xD;
      compared to a control group, in Bangladesh and Uganda.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Using random digit dialing (RDD) sampling technologies, participants were randomized to one&#xD;
      of three airtime incentive structures contingent on them completing the noncommunicable&#xD;
      disease risk factor survey. This mobile phone survey was sent as an interactive voice&#xD;
      response (IVR). In IVR surveys, participants use their touch tone key pad to answer&#xD;
      pre-recorded questions. (i.e. if you are male, press 1; if you are female, press 2). This&#xD;
      study is being conducted in both Bangladesh and Uganda.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">March 26, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">July 14, 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">July 14, 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Participants were randomized to one of three airtime incentive structures: 1) no incentive; 2) a fixed 1X incentive for all participants who completed the noncommunicable disease risk factor survey; or 3) a lottery incentive (10-20 times larger than the fixed incentive) given to 1 out of every 20 participants who completed the same survey.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Cooperation Rate #1</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, cooperation rate is defined as I/(I+P+R) where I is complete interviews, P is partial interviews, R is refusals and breakoffs</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Response Rate #4</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, response rate is defined as (I+P)/ (I+P+R+eU) where I is complete interview, P is partial interview, R is refusals and breakoffs, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Refusal Rate #2</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, refusal rate is defined as R/(I+P+R+eU) where R is refusals and breakoffs, I is complete interview, P is partial interview, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Contact Rate #2</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of one month</time_frame>
    <description>As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, contact rate is defined as (I+P+R)/ (I+P+R+eU) where I is complete interview, P is partial interview, R is refusals and breakoffs, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">4550</enrollment>
  <condition>Surveys and Questionnaires</condition>
  <condition>Noncommunicable Diseases</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No airtime incentive was given for completing the survey</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>1X Incentive</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>1X Airtime Incentive</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Lottery</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Lottery Airtime Incentive</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>1X Airtime Incentive</intervention_name>
    <description>An incentive given in the form of airtime</description>
    <arm_group_label>1X Incentive</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Lottery Airtime Incentive</intervention_name>
    <description>An incentive given in the form of airtime</description>
    <arm_group_label>Lottery</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Access to a mobile phone&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Greater or equal to 18 years of age&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  In Bangladesh, conversant in either English or Bangla language. In Uganda, conversant&#xD;
             in either Luo, Runyakitara, Luganda or English languages.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Less than 18 years of age&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Adnan A Hyder, PhD, MBBS</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>George W Pariyo, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research</name>
      <address>
        <city>Dhaka</city>
        <country>Bangladesh</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Makerere University School of Public Health</name>
      <address>
        <city>Kampala</city>
        <country>Uganda</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Bangladesh</country>
    <country>Uganda</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gibson DG, Pariyo GW, Wosu AC, Greenleaf AR, Ali J, Ahmed S, Labrique AB, Islam K, Masanja H, Rutebemberwa E, Hyder AA. Evaluation of Mechanisms to Improve Performance of Mobile Phone Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Research Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc. 2017 May 5;6(5):e81. doi: 10.2196/resprot.7534.</citation>
    <PMID>28476729</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gibson DG, Pereira A, Farrenkopf BA, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW, Hyder AA. Mobile Phone Surveys for Collecting Population-Level Estimates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Literature Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e139. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7428.</citation>
    <PMID>28476725</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gibson DG, Farrenkopf BA, Pereira A, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW. The Development of an Interactive Voice Response Survey for Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Estimation: Technical Assessment and Cognitive Testing. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e112. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7340.</citation>
    <PMID>28476724</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hyder AA, Wosu AC, Gibson DG, Labrique AB, Ali J, Pariyo GW. Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors and Mobile Phones: A Proposed Research Agenda. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e133. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7246.</citation>
    <PMID>28476722</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>December 2018</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 5, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 10, 2018</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">December 12, 2018</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>March 21, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>March 21, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">March 22, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>mobile phone surveys</keyword>
  <keyword>interactive voice response</keyword>
  <keyword>incentive</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Noncommunicable Diseases</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03773146
org study id: 00007318-2
nct id: NCT03773146
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
This study evaluates the effect of three different airtime incentive structures on
      interactive voice response (IVR) survey cooperation, response, refusal and contact rates, as
      compared to a control group, in Bangladesh and Uganda.
Using random digit dialing (RDD) sampling technologies, participants were randomized to one
      of three airtime incentive structures contingent on them completing the noncommunicable
      disease risk factor survey. This mobile phone survey was sent as an interactive voice
      response (IVR). In IVR surveys, participants use their touch tone key pad to answer
      pre-recorded questions. (i.e. if you are male, press 1; if you are female, press 2). This
      study is being conducted in both Bangladesh and Uganda.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Participants were randomized to one of three airtime incentive structures: 1) no incentive; 2) a fixed 1X incentive for all participants who completed the noncommunicable disease risk factor survey; or 3) a lottery incentive (10-20 times larger than the fixed incentive) given to 1 out of every 20 participants who completed the same survey.
primary purpose: Other
masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Cooperation Rate #1
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, cooperation rate is defined as I/(I+P+R) where I is complete interviews, P is partial interviews, R is refusals and breakoffs
measure: Response Rate #4
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, response rate is defined as (I+P)/ (I+P+R+eU) where I is complete interview, P is partial interview, R is refusals and breakoffs, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns
measure: Refusal Rate #2
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, refusal rate is defined as R/(I+P+R+eU) where R is refusals and breakoffs, I is complete interview, P is partial interview, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns
measure: Contact Rate #2
time frame: Through study completion, an average of one month
description: As defined by American Association for Public Opinion Research, contact rate is defined as (I+P+R)/ (I+P+R+eU) where I is complete interview, P is partial interview, R is refusals and breakoffs, and eU is the estimated eligible proportion of unknowns
arm group label: Control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No airtime incentive was given for completing the survey
arm group label: 1X Incentive
arm group type: Experimental
description: 1X Airtime Incentive
arm group label: Lottery
arm group type: Experimental
description: Lottery Airtime Incentive
intervention type: Other
intervention name: 1X Airtime Incentive
description: An incentive given in the form of airtime
arm group label: 1X Incentive
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Lottery Airtime Incentive
description: An incentive given in the form of airtime
arm group label: Lottery
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Adnan A Hyder, PhD, MBBS
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
last name: George W Pariyo, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
facility: 
facility: 
country: Bangladesh
country: Uganda
citation: Gibson DG, Pariyo GW, Wosu AC, Greenleaf AR, Ali J, Ahmed S, Labrique AB, Islam K, Masanja H, Rutebemberwa E, Hyder AA. Evaluation of Mechanisms to Improve Performance of Mobile Phone Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Research Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc. 2017 May 5;6(5):e81. doi: 10.2196/resprot.7534.
PMID: 28476729
citation: Gibson DG, Pereira A, Farrenkopf BA, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW, Hyder AA. Mobile Phone Surveys for Collecting Population-Level Estimates in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Literature Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e139. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7428.
PMID: 28476725
citation: Gibson DG, Farrenkopf BA, Pereira A, Labrique AB, Pariyo GW. The Development of an Interactive Voice Response Survey for Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Estimation: Technical Assessment and Cognitive Testing. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e112. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7340.
PMID: 28476724
citation: Hyder AA, Wosu AC, Gibson DG, Labrique AB, Ali J, Pariyo GW. Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors and Mobile Phones: A Proposed Research Agenda. J Med Internet Res. 2017 May 5;19(5):e133. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7246.
PMID: 28476722
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Noncommunicable Diseases
sharing ipd: No