<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03795090</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>ITT/008/15GP</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03795090</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>A Multi-level Antimicrobial Surface Coating for a Healthier Environment</brief_title>
  <official_title>A Multi-level Antimicrobial Surface Coating for a Healthier Environment</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Innovation and Technology Commission, Hong Kong</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This project aimed to study the use of the multi-level antimicrobial coating in a working&#xD;
      hospital environment. Patient privacy curtains from a public sector hospital were coated and&#xD;
      installed in rehabilitation ward in comparison of normally washed curtains in the same&#xD;
      setting and compared the mean reduction on both control and treatment end to assess the&#xD;
      effectiveness of coating against hospital acquired infections including multidrug resistant&#xD;
      organisms (MDROs).&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      1. A multi-level antimicrobial coating was produced in the Hong Kong University of Science&#xD;
           and Technology (HKUST) laboratory using the newly developed staged flow micromixing to&#xD;
           prepare contact-killing and anti-adhesion coating made of US-FDA approved polymeric&#xD;
           materials. The process was optimized to scale-up the production to 5 liters per hour.&#xD;
           300 liters of the multi-level antimicrobial coating was prepared for the study for a&#xD;
           total of 24 weeks as three liters of the coating was needed for one patient privacy&#xD;
           curtain.&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. The study was conducted in the rehabilitation ward of the Kowloon Hospital including&#xD;
           both male and female cubicles. It was carried out in three stages with each stage&#xD;
           consisting of survey and a four weeks' observation period, separated by three weeks'&#xD;
           washout period. In the rehabilitation ward of Kowloon Hospital, a set of male and female&#xD;
           cubicle was recruited for the study after getting maximum number of bacterial&#xD;
           contamination on patient privacy curtains in pilot study of 8 weeks. Each cubicle had 12&#xD;
           curtains besides admitted patients where all the samples are collected.&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. Environmental sampling was carried out using sponge swab on the surfaces of the patient&#xD;
           privacy curtains. The total bacteria count and quantitative isolation of MRSA was done&#xD;
           using established protocols. The total bacteria count provides a quantitative measure of&#xD;
           surface cleanliness, while the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) count&#xD;
           was indicative of the risk of contact transmission from contaminated surfaces. 2-4 weeks&#xD;
           survey provided control data on the cleanliness of patients privacy curtains in terms of&#xD;
           total bacteria and MRSA counts.&#xD;
&#xD;
           During the study period, the Kowloon Hospital/Queen Elizabeth Hospital infection control&#xD;
           team monitored MDROs regularly as part of their routine operation. The procedure and&#xD;
           schedule was followed strictly the infection control protocol. All infection control&#xD;
           measures implemented after isolation of MDROs were followed according to the hospital's&#xD;
           usual practice as advised by the infection control team. In the study, the&#xD;
           identification of the organisms in patients more than 48 hours after admission without&#xD;
           prior isolation of the organisms in clinical or screening specimens was defined as&#xD;
           nosocomial.&#xD;
&#xD;
        4. The investigators demonstrated a cross-over intervention study. In the first stage of&#xD;
           study, half of the patient privacy curtains were considered as treatment (antimicrobial&#xD;
           coated) and the other half of the curtains as control in the same setting in a cubicle.&#xD;
           As the study was double blind, so coding was done to identify the treatment as control&#xD;
           curtains.&#xD;
&#xD;
        5. Sample were taken from eight highly touched areas of 50x50 cm² on weekly bases for three&#xD;
           consecutive weeks on 7th day of first installation. On each period/phase 480, 576 and&#xD;
           786 samples were collected accordingly using the developed sample protocol. In total,&#xD;
           the investigators collected 1824 samples from 76 patient privacy curtains in which 912&#xD;
           (50%) were control curtain and 912 (50%) are antimicrobial coated curtains.&#xD;
&#xD;
        6. Healthcare workers from the participating wards were assessed for their acceptance of&#xD;
           the multilevel antimicrobial disinfectant coating by way of a questionnaire. Additional&#xD;
           reformulation may be necessary to increase the acceptability of the coating technology&#xD;
           to the healthcare workers.&#xD;
&#xD;
        7. For the bacteria count, duplicate plates of tryptic soy agar (TSA) for total bacteria&#xD;
           count and Chromagar MRSA (selective agar for MRSA detection) were used for enumeration.&#xD;
           CFU/m² is calculated after 48 hours incubation at 37°C. Data was analyzed using&#xD;
           Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) V.25 to assess the effectiveness of&#xD;
           the coating in reducing the contamination level of the surface. The total bacteria count&#xD;
           on the patient privacy curtains was compared between the control and treatment group&#xD;
           using Mann-Whitney test and T-test. ANOVA analysis allowed the comparison of different&#xD;
           periods of study of phase wise as well as week wise. The significance of the statistical&#xD;
           test is defined to have a P value &lt;0.05.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 1, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">June 30, 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">March 30, 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>Phase 2/Phase 3</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Non-Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Phase 1, even numbers in coding are treatment and odd coded curtains are control (Blind) Phase 2, odd numbers in coding are treatment and even coded curtains are control (Blind) Phase 3, even numbers in coding are treatment and odd coded curtains are control (Blind)</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
    <masking_description>Study is complete blind as only principal investigator knows the coding on curtains and he can differentiate between two physically similar looking patient privacy curtains.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in total bacteria count and MRSA in control vs treatment patient privacy curtains</measure>
    <time_frame>12 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>To quantify the effectiveness of antimicrobial coating, percentage change (both in log and linear scale) in mean bacterial count (CFU/m2 units) in control versus treatment curtains is used. The data was collected in 3 phases of 4 weeks each, so the time frame used is representative of the complete observation period.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Durability of antimicrobial coating in affecting bacterial load amongst treated patient privacy curtains</measure>
    <time_frame>12 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Change in bacterial load amongst treatment curtains is observed as a function of time during each phase of the data collection period (for 4 weeks). In total, data was collected in 3 phases of 4 weeks each, so the total observation period is 12 weeks and timeframe of each frame is 4 weeks.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Agreement/disagreement of hospital staff regarding technology acceptance and adaptation</measure>
    <time_frame>4 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>A survey was conducted using a self-structured questionnaire to get feedback from the hospital staff regarding their acceptance of the technology. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the physical (smell, appearance and feel) aspects of the coating as well as general approval/disapproval based on their experience with the technology. A scale of -5(worst) to +5(best), with 0 representing neutral was used, representing a dimensionless quantity based on staff's personal preferences. Mean of the user's response to each question was used for quantification. The users observed the technology during the entire 12 weeks of the study period (during all 3 phases of data collection). Users were give a 4-week time period to submit their survey responses.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">76</enrollment>
  <condition>Hospital Acquired Infections</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Regular Patient privacy curtain</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Control arm is a regular patient privacy curtain, washed and dried in hospital laundry using commercially available sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Antimicrobial Coated Curtains</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Treatment arm is an antimicrobial coated curtains, which is obtained by dipping the hospital laundered curtains into the antimicrobial coating. The curtains are then dried and provided to the nursing/supporting staff.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Combination Product</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Regular Patient privacy curtain</intervention_name>
    <description>Laundered curtains, used in the hospital, coming from the hospital inventory.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Antimicrobial Coated Curtains</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Regular Patient privacy curtain</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Combination Product</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Antimicrobial Coated curtains</intervention_name>
    <description>Antimicrobial coating consist of active polymers that are approved by USFDA and USEPA.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Antimicrobial Coated Curtains</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  A convalescence ward with reasonable amount of nursing activities&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  No recent history of outbreaks of communicable diseases in the wards&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Wards with little nursing activities including infirmary wards&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Wards with frequent outbreaks which lead to excessive curtain changes&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>99 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>King Lun Yeung, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Chritropher Lai, MBChB, FRCP</last_name>
    <role>Study Chair</role>
    <affiliation>Kowloon Hospital</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Dominic Tsang, MBChB, FRCP</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Kowloon Hospital</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Kowloon Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Kowloon</city>
        <zip>0000</zip>
        <country>Hong Kong</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Hong Kong</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Klein E, Smith DL, Laxminarayan R. Hospitalizations and deaths caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 1999-2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Dec;13(12):1840-6. doi: 10.3201/eid1312.070629.</citation>
    <PMID>18258033</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>de Kraker ME, Davey PG, Grundmann H; BURDEN study group. Mortality and hospital stay associated with resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteremia: estimating the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. PLoS Med. 2011 Oct;8(10):e1001104. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001104. Epub 2011 Oct 11.</citation>
    <PMID>22022233</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Carling PC, Von Beheren S, Kim P, Woods C; Healthcare Environmental Hygiene Study Group. Intensive care unit environmental cleaning: an evaluation in sixteen hospitals using a novel assessment tool. J Hosp Infect. 2008 Jan;68(1):39-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.09.015. Epub 2007 Dec 11.</citation>
    <PMID>18069083</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Huang SS, Datta R, Platt R. Risk of acquiring antibiotic-resistant bacteria from prior room occupants. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Oct 9;166(18):1945-51. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.18.1945.</citation>
    <PMID>17030826</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Datta R, Platt R, Yokoe DS, Huang SS. Environmental cleaning intervention and risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms from prior room occupants. Arch Intern Med. 2011 Mar 28;171(6):491-4. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.64.</citation>
    <PMID>21444840</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Otter JA, Yezli S, Perl TM, Barbut F, French GL. The role of 'no-touch' automated room disinfection systems in infection prevention and control. J Hosp Infect. 2013 Jan;83(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Nov 26.</citation>
    <PMID>23195691</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Carling PC, Parry MM, Rupp ME, Po JL, Dick B, Von Beheren S; Healthcare Environmental Hygiene Study Group. Improving cleaning of the environment surrounding patients in 36 acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008 Nov;29(11):1035-41. doi: 10.1086/591940.</citation>
    <PMID>18851687</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>January 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>November 28, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 3, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">January 7, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 3, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 3, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">January 7, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>King Lun Yeung</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Antimicrobial coating, MDRO, MRSA, Patient Privacy Curtains</keyword>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Anti-Infective Agents</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Anti-Bacterial Agents</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>This is under discussion and final decision will be made later.</ipd_description>
  </patient_data>
  <provided_document_section>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>Yes</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>No</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>Yes</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>January 2, 2019</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/90/NCT03795090/Prot_SAP_000.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
  </provided_document_section>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03795090
org study id: ITT/008/15GP
nct id: NCT03795090
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
This project aimed to study the use of the multi-level antimicrobial coating in a working
      hospital environment. Patient privacy curtains from a public sector hospital were coated and
      installed in rehabilitation ward in comparison of normally washed curtains in the same
      setting and compared the mean reduction on both control and treatment end to assess the
      effectiveness of coating against hospital acquired infections including multidrug resistant
      organisms (MDROs).
1. A multi-level antimicrobial coating was produced in the Hong Kong University of Science
           and Technology (HKUST) laboratory using the newly developed staged flow micromixing to
           prepare contact-killing and anti-adhesion coating made of US-FDA approved polymeric
           materials. The process was optimized to scale-up the production to 5 liters per hour.
           300 liters of the multi-level antimicrobial coating was prepared for the study for a
           total of 24 weeks as three liters of the coating was needed for one patient privacy
           curtain.

        2. The study was conducted in the rehabilitation ward of the Kowloon Hospital including
           both male and female cubicles. It was carried out in three stages with each stage
           consisting of survey and a four weeks' observation period, separated by three weeks'
           washout period. In the rehabilitation ward of Kowloon Hospital, a set of male and female
           cubicle was recruited for the study after getting maximum number of bacterial
           contamination on patient privacy curtains in pilot study of 8 weeks. Each cubicle had 12
           curtains besides admitted patients where all the samples are collected.

        3. Environmental sampling was carried out using sponge swab on the surfaces of the patient
           privacy curtains. The total bacteria count and quantitative isolation of MRSA was done
           using established protocols. The total bacteria count provides a quantitative measure of
           surface cleanliness, while the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) count
           was indicative of the risk of contact transmission from contaminated surfaces. 2-4 weeks
           survey provided control data on the cleanliness of patients privacy curtains in terms of
           total bacteria and MRSA counts.

           During the study period, the Kowloon Hospital/Queen Elizabeth Hospital infection control
           team monitored MDROs regularly as part of their routine operation. The procedure and
           schedule was followed strictly the infection control protocol. All infection control
           measures implemented after isolation of MDROs were followed according to the hospital's
           usual practice as advised by the infection control team. In the study, the
           identification of the organisms in patients more than 48 hours after admission without
           prior isolation of the organisms in clinical or screening specimens was defined as
           nosocomial.

        4. The investigators demonstrated a cross-over intervention study. In the first stage of
           study, half of the patient privacy curtains were considered as treatment (antimicrobial
           coated) and the other half of the curtains as control in the same setting in a cubicle.
           As the study was double blind, so coding was done to identify the treatment as control
           curtains.

        5. Sample were taken from eight highly touched areas of 50x50 cm² on weekly bases for three
           consecutive weeks on 7th day of first installation. On each period/phase 480, 576 and
           786 samples were collected accordingly using the developed sample protocol. In total,
           the investigators collected 1824 samples from 76 patient privacy curtains in which 912
           (50%) were control curtain and 912 (50%) are antimicrobial coated curtains.

        6. Healthcare workers from the participating wards were assessed for their acceptance of
           the multilevel antimicrobial disinfectant coating by way of a questionnaire. Additional
           reformulation may be necessary to increase the acceptability of the coating technology
           to the healthcare workers.

        7. For the bacteria count, duplicate plates of tryptic soy agar (TSA) for total bacteria
           count and Chromagar MRSA (selective agar for MRSA detection) were used for enumeration.
           CFU/m² is calculated after 48 hours incubation at 37°C. Data was analyzed using
           Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) V.25 to assess the effectiveness of
           the coating in reducing the contamination level of the surface. The total bacteria count
           on the patient privacy curtains was compared between the control and treatment group
           using Mann-Whitney test and T-test. ANOVA analysis allowed the comparison of different
           periods of study of phase wise as well as week wise. The significance of the statistical
           test is defined to have a P value <0.05.
allocation: Non-Randomized
intervention model: Crossover Assignment
intervention model description: Phase 1, even numbers in coding are treatment and odd coded curtains are control (Blind) Phase 2, odd numbers in coding are treatment and even coded curtains are control (Blind) Phase 3, even numbers in coding are treatment and odd coded curtains are control (Blind)
primary purpose: Prevention
masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
masking description: Study is complete blind as only principal investigator knows the coding on curtains and he can differentiate between two physically similar looking patient privacy curtains.
measure: Change in total bacteria count and MRSA in control vs treatment patient privacy curtains
time frame: 12 weeks
description: To quantify the effectiveness of antimicrobial coating, percentage change (both in log and linear scale) in mean bacterial count (CFU/m2 units) in control versus treatment curtains is used. The data was collected in 3 phases of 4 weeks each, so the time frame used is representative of the complete observation period.
measure: Durability of antimicrobial coating in affecting bacterial load amongst treated patient privacy curtains
time frame: 12 weeks
description: Change in bacterial load amongst treatment curtains is observed as a function of time during each phase of the data collection period (for 4 weeks). In total, data was collected in 3 phases of 4 weeks each, so the total observation period is 12 weeks and timeframe of each frame is 4 weeks.
measure: Agreement/disagreement of hospital staff regarding technology acceptance and adaptation
time frame: 4 weeks
description: A survey was conducted using a self-structured questionnaire to get feedback from the hospital staff regarding their acceptance of the technology. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the physical (smell, appearance and feel) aspects of the coating as well as general approval/disapproval based on their experience with the technology. A scale of -5(worst) to +5(best), with 0 representing neutral was used, representing a dimensionless quantity based on staff's personal preferences. Mean of the user's response to each question was used for quantification. The users observed the technology during the entire 12 weeks of the study period (during all 3 phases of data collection). Users were give a 4-week time period to submit their survey responses.
arm group label: Regular Patient privacy curtain
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Control arm is a regular patient privacy curtain, washed and dried in hospital laundry using commercially available sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide.
arm group label: Antimicrobial Coated Curtains
arm group type: Experimental
description: Treatment arm is an antimicrobial coated curtains, which is obtained by dipping the hospital laundered curtains into the antimicrobial coating. The curtains are then dried and provided to the nursing/supporting staff.
intervention type: Combination Product
intervention name: Regular Patient privacy curtain
description: Laundered curtains, used in the hospital, coming from the hospital inventory.
arm group label: Antimicrobial Coated Curtains
arm group label: Regular Patient privacy curtain
intervention type: Combination Product
intervention name: Antimicrobial Coated curtains
description: Antimicrobial coating consist of active polymers that are approved by USFDA and USEPA.
arm group label: Antimicrobial Coated Curtains
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 99 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: King Lun Yeung, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
last name: Chritropher Lai, MBChB, FRCP
role: Study Chair
affiliation: Kowloon Hospital
last name: Dominic Tsang, MBChB, FRCP
role: Study Director
affiliation: Kowloon Hospital
facility: 
country: Hong Kong
citation: Klein E, Smith DL, Laxminarayan R. Hospitalizations and deaths caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 1999-2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Dec;13(12):1840-6. doi: 10.3201/eid1312.070629.
PMID: 18258033
citation: de Kraker ME, Davey PG, Grundmann H; BURDEN study group. Mortality and hospital stay associated with resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteremia: estimating the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. PLoS Med. 2011 Oct;8(10):e1001104. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001104. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
PMID: 22022233
citation: Carling PC, Von Beheren S, Kim P, Woods C; Healthcare Environmental Hygiene Study Group. Intensive care unit environmental cleaning: an evaluation in sixteen hospitals using a novel assessment tool. J Hosp Infect. 2008 Jan;68(1):39-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.09.015. Epub 2007 Dec 11.
PMID: 18069083
citation: Huang SS, Datta R, Platt R. Risk of acquiring antibiotic-resistant bacteria from prior room occupants. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Oct 9;166(18):1945-51. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.18.1945.
PMID: 17030826
citation: Datta R, Platt R, Yokoe DS, Huang SS. Environmental cleaning intervention and risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms from prior room occupants. Arch Intern Med. 2011 Mar 28;171(6):491-4. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.64.
PMID: 21444840
citation: Otter JA, Yezli S, Perl TM, Barbut F, French GL. The role of 'no-touch' automated room disinfection systems in infection prevention and control. J Hosp Infect. 2013 Jan;83(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Nov 26.
PMID: 23195691
citation: Carling PC, Parry MM, Rupp ME, Po JL, Dick B, Von Beheren S; Healthcare Environmental Hygiene Study Group. Improving cleaning of the environment surrounding patients in 36 acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008 Nov;29(11):1035-41. doi: 10.1086/591940.
PMID: 18851687
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
investigator full name: King Lun Yeung
investigator title: Professor
mesh term: Anti-Infective Agents
mesh term: Anti-Bacterial Agents
sharing ipd: Undecided
ipd description: This is under discussion and final decision will be made later.
provided document: 