<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03816241</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>HSS-1502-P02-05</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03816241</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Mechanisms of Nudges on Families' Decision-Making Process</brief_title>
  <official_title>Mechanisms of Nudges on Families' Decision-Making Process</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Yale-NUS College</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Yale-NUS College</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      As part of a larger study, participants are told to read 1 out of 4 anecdotes depicting an&#xD;
      organ donation scenario where they are required to make a decision on behalf of their mother&#xD;
      who has just suffered an accident. The participants are then surveyed on their attitudes&#xD;
      towards organ donation.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      As part of a larger study, participants are given 1 out of 4 possible vignettes which depicts&#xD;
      an organ donation scenario involving their mother. The possible vignettes consist of a&#xD;
      Control condition, a Framing condition, a Normative condition and a condition that includes&#xD;
      all the nudges. Participants are then given surveys to gauge their views and attitudes&#xD;
      towards organ donation as a whole, their trust towards medical institutions and the doctors,&#xD;
      their perceived manipulation from the doctor and their views on the altruistic nature of&#xD;
      organ donation.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">September 2016</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">July 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">July 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Participants are assigned to 1 out of 4 possible anecdotes; Control, Framing, Norms, Combination.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Health Services Research</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Double (Participant, Investigator)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>5-point Likert scale - Trust and Perceived Manipulativeness of doctor and medical institution</measure>
    <time_frame>3 minutes</time_frame>
    <description>A 5-point Likert scale will be given and participants will be asked to rate their agreeableness towards the level of trust and perceived manipulativeness of the doctor and the medical institution.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>9-point rating scale - Views on altruistic nature of organ donation</measure>
    <time_frame>1 minute</time_frame>
    <description>A 9-point rating scale will be given and participants will be asked to rate their views on the meaningfulness of organ donation.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>4</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">200</enrollment>
  <condition>Organ Donation</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>Vignette contains no extra information.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Frame</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Vignette is framed in a particular manner</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Norms</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Vignette contains extra information about norms</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>All</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Vignette contains extra information about norms and is framed in a particular manner.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Frame</intervention_name>
    <description>Vignette is framed in a way that nudges participant to leave a legacy</description>
    <arm_group_label>All</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Frame</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Norms</intervention_name>
    <description>Vignette informs the participant that most people choose an option to try to nudge participant into choosing that option as well</description>
    <arm_group_label>All</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Norms</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Above age 21&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Below age 21&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Non-citizens&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Not able to make decisions for self&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>21 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Yale-NUS College</name>
      <address>
        <city>Singapore</city>
        <zip>138527</zip>
        <country>Singapore</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Singapore</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>January 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 22, 2019</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 22, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">January 25, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 28, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 28, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">January 29, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03816241
org study id: HSS-1502-P02-05
nct id: NCT03816241
lead sponsor: 
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
As part of a larger study, participants are told to read 1 out of 4 anecdotes depicting an
      organ donation scenario where they are required to make a decision on behalf of their mother
      who has just suffered an accident. The participants are then surveyed on their attitudes
      towards organ donation.
As part of a larger study, participants are given 1 out of 4 possible vignettes which depicts
      an organ donation scenario involving their mother. The possible vignettes consist of a
      Control condition, a Framing condition, a Normative condition and a condition that includes
      all the nudges. Participants are then given surveys to gauge their views and attitudes
      towards organ donation as a whole, their trust towards medical institutions and the doctors,
      their perceived manipulation from the doctor and their views on the altruistic nature of
      organ donation.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Participants are assigned to 1 out of 4 possible anecdotes; Control, Framing, Norms, Combination.
primary purpose: Health Services Research
masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
measure: 5-point Likert scale - Trust and Perceived Manipulativeness of doctor and medical institution
time frame: 3 minutes
description: A 5-point Likert scale will be given and participants will be asked to rate their agreeableness towards the level of trust and perceived manipulativeness of the doctor and the medical institution.
measure: 9-point rating scale - Views on altruistic nature of organ donation
time frame: 1 minute
description: A 9-point rating scale will be given and participants will be asked to rate their views on the meaningfulness of organ donation.
arm group label: Control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: Vignette contains no extra information.
arm group label: Frame
arm group type: Experimental
description: Vignette is framed in a particular manner
arm group label: Norms
arm group type: Experimental
description: Vignette contains extra information about norms
arm group label: All
arm group type: Experimental
description: Vignette contains extra information about norms and is framed in a particular manner.
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Frame
description: Vignette is framed in a way that nudges participant to leave a legacy
arm group label: All
arm group label: Frame
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Norms
description: Vignette informs the participant that most people choose an option to try to nudge participant into choosing that option as well
arm group label: All
arm group label: Norms
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 21 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
facility: 
country: Singapore
responsible party type: Sponsor
sharing ipd: Undecided