<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03811366</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>Brazilian VKH Study Group I</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03811366</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Multimodal Analysis and Electroretinogram in VKH From Acute Onset - Part I</brief_title>
  <official_title>Multimodal Analysis and Electroretinogram in VKH From Acute Onset - a Prospective Study</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of Sao Paulo</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Sao Paulo</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    <is_us_export>No</is_us_export>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Patients with acute onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) was prospectively included in&#xD;
      this study. They were systematically followed with clinical, posterior segment imaging exams&#xD;
      and full-field electroretinogram during a minimum 24-month of follow-up. All patients were&#xD;
      treated with 3-day methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by 1mg/day oral prednisone with&#xD;
      a slow tapper during a median of 13 months. Non-steroidal immunosuppressive therapy (IMT) was&#xD;
      introduced in cases of refractory disease or in cases of prednisone intolerance. Outcome&#xD;
      measured by full-field electroretinogram was analyzed and patient was grouped as&#xD;
      electroretinogram stable or electroretinogram worsening. Clinical data was analyzed in these&#xD;
      two electroretinogram-based groups.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Consecutive patients with acute onset VKHD were included and followed for a minimum 24-month&#xD;
      as Part I of an ongoing prospective long-term study on VKHD. The main purpose was to&#xD;
      understand the course of clinical and subclinical choroidal inflammation in patients&#xD;
      receiving early and high-dose corticosteroid followed by high-dose oral prednisone and a very&#xD;
      slow tapper. All patients were followed with clinical and posterior segment imaging (PSI)&#xD;
      exams, i.e. fundus picture, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and&#xD;
      enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, at inclusion, 1st month, and thereof&#xD;
      every three months. Full-field electroretinogram was performed at inclusion, 1st month, and&#xD;
      thereof every six months. Flare was defined as appearance or increase/worsening of&#xD;
      inflammatory signs after the initial six-month from disease onset during the predefined&#xD;
      treatment protocol. Inflammatory signs were cells in anterior chamber, macular edema;&#xD;
      subclinical inflammatory signs were mainly those observed by PSI exams. Scotopic full-field&#xD;
      electroretinogram results between 12 and 24 month were the main outcome. Clinical data was&#xD;
      analyzed in the full-field electroretinogram-based groups.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 1, 2011</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">January 31, 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">January 31, 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>N/A</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Single Group Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>All patients were treated with a standard high-dose corticosteroid</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>number of eyes with changes in full-field scotopic electroretinogram results</measure>
    <time_frame>at inclusion, 1 month, 6 month, 12 month, 18 month and 24 month</time_frame>
    <description>variation &gt;= 30% in the results between 12 and 24 months will define stable or worsening group</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>recurrence or worsening of cells in anterior chamber</measure>
    <time_frame>0, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months from disease onset.</time_frame>
    <description>Standardization Uveitis Nomenclature´s classification of anterior chamber cells, any step increase will be considered (Am J Ophthalmo, 2005)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>increase in the score of dark dots on indocyanine green angiography</measure>
    <time_frame>0, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months from disease onset.</time_frame>
    <description>dark dots scores had a maximum value of 8, any increase of 0.5 after 6 months from disease onset will be considered (Int Ophthalmo 2010)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>change in subfoveal choroidal thickness on enhanced depth optical coherence tomography</measure>
    <time_frame>0, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months from disease onset.</time_frame>
    <description>increase of 30% or more in consecutive exams on horizontal scan after 6months from disease onset</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>change in optic disk hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography</measure>
    <time_frame>0, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months from disease onset.</time_frame>
    <description>appearance or worsening of optic disk hyperfluorescence in consecutive exams after 6months from disease onset</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>change in perivascular leakage on fluorescein angiography</measure>
    <time_frame>0, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months from disease onset.</time_frame>
    <description>perivascular leakage appearance or worsening after 6months from disease onset</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <enrollment type="Actual">12</enrollment>
  <condition>Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome</condition>
  <condition>Inflammation</condition>
  <condition>Choroid Disease</condition>
  <condition>Visual Impairment</condition>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Meticorten</intervention_name>
    <description>All patients were treated with 3-day methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by 1mg/day oral prednisone with slow tapper over a median 13 months</description>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  clinical diagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  acute onset with no previous treatment&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  non-acute VKHD&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  media opacities&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>N/A</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo</name>
      <address>
        <city>São Paulo</city>
        <state>SP</state>
        <zip>05403-000</zip>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Brazil</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Du L, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: Novel insights into pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016 May;52:84-111. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Feb 11.</citation>
    <PMID>26875727</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lavezzo MM, Sakata VM, Morita C, Rodriguez EE, Abdallah SF, da Silva FT, Hirata CE, Yamamoto JH. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: review of a rare autoimmune disease targeting antigens of melanocytes. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2016 Mar 24;11:29. doi: 10.1186/s13023-016-0412-4.</citation>
    <PMID>27008848</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rao NA. Pathology of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Int Ophthalmol. 2007 Apr-Jun;27(2-3):81-5. doi: 10.1007/s10792-006-9029-2. Epub 2007 Apr 14.</citation>
    <PMID>17435969</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rubsamen PE, Gass JD. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Clinical course, therapy, and long-term visual outcome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991 May;109(5):682-7. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080050096037.</citation>
    <PMID>2025171</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Herbort CP Jr, Abu El Asrar AM, Takeuchi M, Pavesio CE, Couto C, Hedayatfar A, Maruyama K, Rao X, Silpa-Archa S, Somkijrungroj T. Catching the therapeutic window of opportunity in early initial-onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada uveitis can cure the disease. Int Ophthalmol. 2019 Jun;39(6):1419-1425. doi: 10.1007/s10792-018-0949-4. Epub 2018 Jun 11.</citation>
    <PMID>29948499</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Yang P, Fang W, Wang L, Wen F, Wu W, Kijlstra A. Study of macular function by multifocal electroretinography in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Nov;146(5):767-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.044. Epub 2008 Jul 30.</citation>
    <PMID>18672226</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chee SP, Jap A, Bacsal K. Spectrum of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Singapore. Int Ophthalmol. 2007 Apr-Jun;27(2-3):137-42. doi: 10.1007/s10792-006-9009-6. Epub 2006 Nov 11.</citation>
    <PMID>17103022</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Yuan W, Zhou C, Cao Q, Du Z, Hu R, Wang Y, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Longitudinal Study of Visual Function in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Using Full-Field Electroretinography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018 Jul;191:92-99. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.04.013. Epub 2018 Apr 25.</citation>
    <PMID>29702075</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chee SP, Luu CD, Cheng CL, Lim WK, Jap A. Visual function in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005 Aug;243(8):785-90. doi: 10.1007/s00417-005-1156-3. Epub 2005 Mar 11.</citation>
    <PMID>15761760</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>da Silva FT, Hirata CE, Olivalves E, Oyamada MK, Yamamoto JH. Fundus-based and electroretinographic strategies for stratification of late-stage Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Dec;148(6):939-45.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.06.029. Epub 2009 Sep 24.</citation>
    <PMID>19781687</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tugal-Tutkun I, Herbort CP, Khairallah M; Angiography Scoring for Uveitis Working Group (ASUWOG). Scoring of dual fluorescein and ICG inflammatory angiographic signs for the grading of posterior segment inflammation (dual fluorescein and ICG angiographic scoring system for uveitis). Int Ophthalmol. 2010 Oct;30(5):539-52. doi: 10.1007/s10792-008-9263-x. Epub 2008 Sep 16.</citation>
    <PMID>18795232</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nakayama M, Keino H, Watanabe T, Okada AA. Clinical features and visual outcomes of 111 patients with new-onset acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease treated with pulse intravenous corticosteroids. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019 Feb;103(2):274-278. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311691. Epub 2018 Apr 17.</citation>
    <PMID>29666121</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kawaguchi T, Horie S, Bouchenaki N, Ohno-Matsui K, Mochizuki M, Herbort CP. Suboptimal therapy controls clinically apparent disease but not subclinical progression of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Int Ophthalmol. 2010 Feb;30(1):41-50. doi: 10.1007/s10792-008-9288-1. Epub 2009 Jan 17.</citation>
    <PMID>19151926</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Herbort CP Jr, Abu El Asrar AM, Yamamoto JH, Pavesio CE, Gupta V, Khairallah M, Tugal-Tutkun I, Soheilian M, Takeuchi M, Papadia M. Reappraisal of the management of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: sunset glow fundus is no more a fatality. Int Ophthalmol. 2017 Dec;37(6):1383-1395. doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0395-0. Epub 2016 Nov 14.</citation>
    <PMID>27844182</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Abu El-Asrar AM, Dosari M, Hemachandran S, Gikandi PW, Al-Muammar A. Mycophenolate mofetil combined with systemic corticosteroids prevents progression to chronic recurrent inflammation and development of 'sunset glow fundus' in initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017 Feb;95(1):85-90. doi: 10.1111/aos.13189. Epub 2016 Aug 18.</citation>
    <PMID>27535102</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>January 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 10, 2019</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 17, 2019</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">January 22, 2019</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 17, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 17, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">January 22, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University of Sao Paulo</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Joyce Hisae Yamamoto</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Clinical Professor, person-in-charge of Uveitis Service</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Vision Disorders</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Vision, Low</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Choroid Diseases</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Inflammation</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Prednisone</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <pending_results>
    <submitted>February 3, 2020</submitted>
    <returned>February 14, 2020</returned>
    <submitted>June 14, 2022</submitted>
    <returned>April 5, 2023</returned>
    <submitted>April 19, 2023</submitted>
  </pending_results>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03811366
org study id: Brazilian VKH Study Group I
nct id: NCT03811366
lead sponsor: 
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
is us export: No
Patients with acute onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD) was prospectively included in
      this study. They were systematically followed with clinical, posterior segment imaging exams
      and full-field electroretinogram during a minimum 24-month of follow-up. All patients were
      treated with 3-day methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by 1mg/day oral prednisone with
      a slow tapper during a median of 13 months. Non-steroidal immunosuppressive therapy (IMT) was
      introduced in cases of refractory disease or in cases of prednisone intolerance. Outcome
      measured by full-field electroretinogram was analyzed and patient was grouped as
      electroretinogram stable or electroretinogram worsening. Clinical data was analyzed in these
      two electroretinogram-based groups.
Consecutive patients with acute onset VKHD were included and followed for a minimum 24-month
      as Part I of an ongoing prospective long-term study on VKHD. The main purpose was to
      understand the course of clinical and subclinical choroidal inflammation in patients
      receiving early and high-dose corticosteroid followed by high-dose oral prednisone and a very
      slow tapper. All patients were followed with clinical and posterior segment imaging (PSI)
      exams, i.e. fundus picture, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography and
      enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, at inclusion, 1st month, and thereof
      every three months. Full-field electroretinogram was performed at inclusion, 1st month, and
      thereof every six months. Flare was defined as appearance or increase/worsening of
      inflammatory signs after the initial six-month from disease onset during the predefined
      treatment protocol. Inflammatory signs were cells in anterior chamber, macular edema;
      subclinical inflammatory signs were mainly those observed by PSI exams. Scotopic full-field
      electroretinogram results between 12 and 24 month were the main outcome. Clinical data was
      analyzed in the full-field electroretinogram-based groups.
allocation: N/A
intervention model: Single Group Assignment
intervention model description: All patients were treated with a standard high-dose corticosteroid
primary purpose: Other
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: number of eyes with changes in full-field scotopic electroretinogram results
time frame: at inclusion, 1 month, 6 month, 12 month, 18 month and 24 month
description: variation >= 30% in the results between 12 and 24 months will define stable or worsening group
measure: recurrence or worsening of cells in anterior chamber
time frame: 0, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months from disease onset.
description: Standardization Uveitis Nomenclature´s classification of anterior chamber cells, any step increase will be considered (Am J Ophthalmo, 2005)
measure: increase in the score of dark dots on indocyanine green angiography
time frame: 0, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months from disease onset.
description: dark dots scores had a maximum value of 8, any increase of 0.5 after 6 months from disease onset will be considered (Int Ophthalmo 2010)
measure: change in subfoveal choroidal thickness on enhanced depth optical coherence tomography
time frame: 0, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months from disease onset.
description: increase of 30% or more in consecutive exams on horizontal scan after 6months from disease onset
measure: change in optic disk hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography
time frame: 0, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months from disease onset.
description: appearance or worsening of optic disk hyperfluorescence in consecutive exams after 6months from disease onset
measure: change in perivascular leakage on fluorescein angiography
time frame: 0, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months from disease onset.
description: perivascular leakage appearance or worsening after 6months from disease onset
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Meticorten
description: All patients were treated with 3-day methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by 1mg/day oral prednisone with slow tapper over a median 13 months
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: N/A
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
facility: 
country: Brazil
citation: Du L, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: Novel insights into pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2016 May;52:84-111. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
PMID: 26875727
citation: Lavezzo MM, Sakata VM, Morita C, Rodriguez EE, Abdallah SF, da Silva FT, Hirata CE, Yamamoto JH. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: review of a rare autoimmune disease targeting antigens of melanocytes. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2016 Mar 24;11:29. doi: 10.1186/s13023-016-0412-4.
PMID: 27008848
citation: Rao NA. Pathology of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Int Ophthalmol. 2007 Apr-Jun;27(2-3):81-5. doi: 10.1007/s10792-006-9029-2. Epub 2007 Apr 14.
PMID: 17435969
citation: Rubsamen PE, Gass JD. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Clinical course, therapy, and long-term visual outcome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991 May;109(5):682-7. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080050096037.
PMID: 2025171
citation: Herbort CP Jr, Abu El Asrar AM, Takeuchi M, Pavesio CE, Couto C, Hedayatfar A, Maruyama K, Rao X, Silpa-Archa S, Somkijrungroj T. Catching the therapeutic window of opportunity in early initial-onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada uveitis can cure the disease. Int Ophthalmol. 2019 Jun;39(6):1419-1425. doi: 10.1007/s10792-018-0949-4. Epub 2018 Jun 11.
PMID: 29948499
citation: Yang P, Fang W, Wang L, Wen F, Wu W, Kijlstra A. Study of macular function by multifocal electroretinography in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Nov;146(5):767-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.044. Epub 2008 Jul 30.
PMID: 18672226
citation: Chee SP, Jap A, Bacsal K. Spectrum of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Singapore. Int Ophthalmol. 2007 Apr-Jun;27(2-3):137-42. doi: 10.1007/s10792-006-9009-6. Epub 2006 Nov 11.
PMID: 17103022
citation: Yuan W, Zhou C, Cao Q, Du Z, Hu R, Wang Y, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Longitudinal Study of Visual Function in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Using Full-Field Electroretinography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018 Jul;191:92-99. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.04.013. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
PMID: 29702075
citation: Chee SP, Luu CD, Cheng CL, Lim WK, Jap A. Visual function in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005 Aug;243(8):785-90. doi: 10.1007/s00417-005-1156-3. Epub 2005 Mar 11.
PMID: 15761760
citation: da Silva FT, Hirata CE, Olivalves E, Oyamada MK, Yamamoto JH. Fundus-based and electroretinographic strategies for stratification of late-stage Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Dec;148(6):939-45.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.06.029. Epub 2009 Sep 24.
PMID: 19781687
citation: Tugal-Tutkun I, Herbort CP, Khairallah M; Angiography Scoring for Uveitis Working Group (ASUWOG). Scoring of dual fluorescein and ICG inflammatory angiographic signs for the grading of posterior segment inflammation (dual fluorescein and ICG angiographic scoring system for uveitis). Int Ophthalmol. 2010 Oct;30(5):539-52. doi: 10.1007/s10792-008-9263-x. Epub 2008 Sep 16.
PMID: 18795232
citation: Nakayama M, Keino H, Watanabe T, Okada AA. Clinical features and visual outcomes of 111 patients with new-onset acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease treated with pulse intravenous corticosteroids. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019 Feb;103(2):274-278. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311691. Epub 2018 Apr 17.
PMID: 29666121
citation: Kawaguchi T, Horie S, Bouchenaki N, Ohno-Matsui K, Mochizuki M, Herbort CP. Suboptimal therapy controls clinically apparent disease but not subclinical progression of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Int Ophthalmol. 2010 Feb;30(1):41-50. doi: 10.1007/s10792-008-9288-1. Epub 2009 Jan 17.
PMID: 19151926
citation: Herbort CP Jr, Abu El Asrar AM, Yamamoto JH, Pavesio CE, Gupta V, Khairallah M, Tugal-Tutkun I, Soheilian M, Takeuchi M, Papadia M. Reappraisal of the management of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: sunset glow fundus is no more a fatality. Int Ophthalmol. 2017 Dec;37(6):1383-1395. doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0395-0. Epub 2016 Nov 14.
PMID: 27844182
citation: Abu El-Asrar AM, Dosari M, Hemachandran S, Gikandi PW, Al-Muammar A. Mycophenolate mofetil combined with systemic corticosteroids prevents progression to chronic recurrent inflammation and development of 'sunset glow fundus' in initial-onset acute uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017 Feb;95(1):85-90. doi: 10.1111/aos.13189. Epub 2016 Aug 18.
PMID: 27535102
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: University of Sao Paulo
investigator full name: Joyce Hisae Yamamoto
investigator title: Clinical Professor, person-in-charge of Uveitis Service
mesh term: Vision Disorders
mesh term: Vision, Low
mesh term: Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome
mesh term: Choroid Diseases
mesh term: Inflammation
mesh term: Prednisone
submitted: February 3, 2020
returned: February 14, 2020
submitted: June 14, 2022
returned: April 5, 2023
submitted: April 19, 2023