<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03752021</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>IRB00051905</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03752021</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>The Endocannabinoid System in Human Gestational Tissues in Labor</brief_title>
  <official_title>The Endocannabinoid System in Human Gestational Tissues in Labor</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Wake Forest University Health Sciences</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Wake Forest University Health Sciences</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The purpose of this research study is to determine if the endocannabinoid (a biological&#xD;
      system) plays a role in the labor process.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      This is a pilot study to determine the feasibility of identification and quantification of&#xD;
      various components of the endocannabinoid system in the labored versus non-labored&#xD;
      myometrium, placenta and gestational membranes.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 25, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">July 1, 2019</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">July 1, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Case-Only</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Cross-Sectional</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Presence of CB1 receptor protein</measure>
    <time_frame>At the time of C-section</time_frame>
    <description>Identification of CB1 receptor protein interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Presence of CB2 receptor protein</measure>
    <time_frame>At the time of C-section</time_frame>
    <description>Identification of CB2 receptor protein interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Presence of cannabinoid receptor</measure>
    <time_frame>At the time of C-section</time_frame>
    <description>Identification of cannabinoid receptor interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Levels of CB1 receptor protein</measure>
    <time_frame>At the time of C-section</time_frame>
    <description>Quantification of levels of CB1 receptor protein interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium. A statistical comparison between groups will be performed.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Levels of CB2 receptor protein</measure>
    <time_frame>At the time of C-section</time_frame>
    <description>Quantification of CB2 receptor protein interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium. A statistical comparison between groups will be performed.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Levels of cannabinoid receptor</measure>
    <time_frame>At the time of C-section</time_frame>
    <description>Quantification of cannabinoid receptor interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium. A statistical comparison between groups will be performed.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>2</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Actual">20</enrollment>
  <condition>Labor</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Laboring Subjects</arm_group_label>
    <description>Subjects with a planned cesarean delivery who labor prior to their scheduled date or those who are in labor and require an unplanned but non-emergent cesarean delivery. These subjects will be approached upon admission to the study facility by the researcher for potential enrollment to allow adequate time to consider participation, ask questions, provide consent, and prior to procedure (Myometrial Sampling).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Non Laboring Subjects</arm_group_label>
    <description>Subjects with a planned cesarean delivery will be approached by the researcher during prenatal visits or at the study facilities prior to planned procedure (Myometrial Sampling)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Myometrial Sampling</intervention_name>
    <description>A myometrial sample will be obtained at the time of cesarean delivery. Sample will be obtained from the superior edge of the existing lower uterine segment incision and will be 2 inches in length and 0.5 inches in width. The uterine incision will be repaired in a standard two-layer closure. If a classical cesarean (vertical) uterine incision is deemed necessary and is performed by the surgical team, a sample of the same size will be taken parallel to the incision at the existing edge. The classical uterine incision will be closed utilizing the standard layered technique.&#xD;
Placenta and gestational membrane tissue will be obtained after placental delivery. The entire placenta and attached gestational membranes will be collected if not being sent for pathologic review</description>
    <arm_group_label>Laboring Subjects</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Non Laboring Subjects</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <biospec_retention>Samples Without DNA</biospec_retention>
  <biospec_descr>
    <textblock>
      A sample of the uterus will be removed at the existing incision made by your doctors. The&#xD;
      uterine segment (sample) will be 2 inches in length and 0.5 inches in width. The placenta and&#xD;
      the attached membranes will also be collected for the study. The uterine incision will be&#xD;
      repaired in the standard fashion.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </biospec_descr>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        -  A total of 20 subjects will be enrolled in the pilot study&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  10 laboring subjects&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  10 non-laboring subjects&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnant women ages &gt; 18 years old&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnant women 22 weeks, 0 days through 42 weeks, 0 days gestation undergoing cesarean&#xD;
             section&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Singleton gestation&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Cannabinoid use during pregnancy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Illicit drug use during pregnancy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use within 7 days of cesarean section&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Maternal comorbidities including pre-existing diabetes, pre-existing hypertension,&#xD;
             hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia, eclampsia), epilepsy currently&#xD;
             being treated with antiepileptic medication, intraamniotic infection&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Uterine abnormalities&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Fetal anomalies&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Drug use or dependency&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Female</gender>
    <gender_based>Yes</gender_based>
    <gender_description>Pregnant women</gender_description>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Melissa L Kozakiewicz, MD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Wake Forest University Health Sciences</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center</name>
      <address>
        <city>Winston-Salem</city>
        <state>North Carolina</state>
        <zip>27103</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Wake Forest University Health Sciences</name>
      <address>
        <city>Winston-Salem</city>
        <state>North Carolina</state>
        <zip>27157</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Navathe R, Berghella V. Tocolysis for Acute Preterm Labor: Where Have We Been, Where Are We Now, and Where are We Going? Am J Perinatol. 2016 Feb;33(3):229-35. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1571147. Epub 2016 Jan 25.</citation>
    <PMID>26808195</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008 Jan 5;371(9606):75-84. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60074-4.</citation>
    <PMID>18177778</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Matsuda LA, Lolait SJ, Brownstein MJ, Young AC, Bonner TI. Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature. 1990 Aug 9;346(6284):561-4. doi: 10.1038/346561a0.</citation>
    <PMID>2165569</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Howlett AC, Bidaut-Russell M, Devane WA, Melvin LS, Johnson MR, Herkenham M. The cannabinoid receptor: biochemical, anatomical and behavioral characterization. Trends Neurosci. 1990 Oct;13(10):420-3. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90124-s.</citation>
    <PMID>1700516</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Paria BC, Song H, Wang X, Schmid PC, Krebsbach RJ, Schmid HH, Bonner TI, Zimmer A, Dey SK. Dysregulated cannabinoid signaling disrupts uterine receptivity for embryo implantation. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 8;276(23):20523-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M100679200. Epub 2001 Mar 8.</citation>
    <PMID>11279117</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Paria BC, Dey SK. Ligand-receptor signaling with endocannabinoids in preimplantation embryo development and implantation. Chem Phys Lipids. 2000 Nov;108(1-2):211-20. doi: 10.1016/s0009-3084(00)00197-3.</citation>
    <PMID>11106792</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Das SK, Paria BC, Chakraborty I, Dey SK. Cannabinoid ligand-receptor signaling in the mouse uterus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4332-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4332.</citation>
    <PMID>7753807</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Schmid PC, Paria BC, Krebsbach RJ, Schmid HH, Dey SK. Changes in anandamide levels in mouse uterus are associated with uterine receptivity for embryo implantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 15;94(8):4188-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.8.4188.</citation>
    <PMID>9108127</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Paria BC, Wang H, Dey SK. Endocannabinoid signaling in synchronizing embryo development and uterine receptivity for implantation. Chem Phys Lipids. 2002 Dec 31;121(1-2):201-10. doi: 10.1016/s0009-3084(02)00156-1.</citation>
    <PMID>12505701</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Dennedy MC, Friel AM, Houlihan DD, Broderick VM, Smith T, Morrison JJ. Cannabinoids and the human uterus during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Jan;190(1):2-9; discussion 3A. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.07.013.</citation>
    <PMID>14749627</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Park B, Gibbons HM, Mitchell MD, Glassa M. Identification of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the human placenta. Placenta. 2003 May;24(5):473-8. doi: 10.1053/plac.2002.0926.</citation>
    <PMID>12744923</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wang H, Xie H, Dey SK. Loss of cannabinoid receptor CB1 induces preterm birth. PLoS One. 2008 Oct 3;3(10):e3320. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003320.</citation>
    <PMID>18833324</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Habayeb OM, Taylor AH, Evans MD, Cooke MS, Taylor DJ, Bell SC, Konje JC. Plasma levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide in women--a potential role in pregnancy maintenance and labor? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Nov;89(11):5482-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0681.</citation>
    <PMID>15531501</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Costa MA, Fonseca BM, Keating E, Teixeira NA, Correia-da-Silva G. 2-arachidonoylglycerol effects in cytotrophoblasts: metabolic enzymes expression and apoptosis in BeWo cells. Reproduction. 2014 Feb 3;147(3):301-11. doi: 10.1530/REP-13-0563. Print 2014 Mar.</citation>
    <PMID>24324206</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chiossi G, Costantine MM, Bytautiene E, Kechichian T, Hankins GD, Sbrana E, Saade GR, Longo M. The effects of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2 on in vitro myometrial contractility and uterine structure. Am J Perinatol. 2012 Sep;29(8):615-22. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1311986. Epub 2012 May 25.</citation>
    <PMID>22639355</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chioss G, Costantine MM, Bytautiene E, Betancourt A, Hankins GD, Saade GR, Longo M. In vitro myometrial contractility profiles of different pharmacological agents used for induction of labor. Am J Perinatol. 2012 Oct;29(9):699-704. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1314891. Epub 2012 May 29.</citation>
    <PMID>22644831</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Luckas MJ, Wray S. A comparison of the contractile properties of human myometrium obtained from the upper and lower uterine segments. BJOG. 2000 Oct;107(10):1309-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11626.x.</citation>
    <PMID>11028587</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Moynihan AT, Smith TJ, Morrison JJ. The relaxant effect of nifedipine in human uterine smooth muscle and the BK(Ca) channel. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Feb;198(2):237.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.08.074.</citation>
    <PMID>18226634</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Quenby S, Matthew A, Zhang J, Dawood F, Wray S. In vitro myometrial contractility reflects indication for caesarean section. BJOG. 2011 Nov;118(12):1499-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03064.x. Epub 2011 Jul 27.</citation>
    <PMID>21790954</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>June 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>November 21, 2018</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>November 21, 2018</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">November 23, 2018</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 14, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 14, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 15, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Endocannabinoid System</keyword>
  <keyword>Human Gestational Tissues</keyword>
  <keyword>Labor</keyword>
  <keyword>Cesarean Section</keyword>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03752021
org study id: IRB00051905
nct id: NCT03752021
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The purpose of this research study is to determine if the endocannabinoid (a biological
      system) plays a role in the labor process.
This is a pilot study to determine the feasibility of identification and quantification of
      various components of the endocannabinoid system in the labored versus non-labored
      myometrium, placenta and gestational membranes.
observational model: Case-Only
time perspective: Cross-Sectional
measure: Presence of CB1 receptor protein
time frame: At the time of C-section
description: Identification of CB1 receptor protein interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium
measure: Presence of CB2 receptor protein
time frame: At the time of C-section
description: Identification of CB2 receptor protein interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium
measure: Presence of cannabinoid receptor
time frame: At the time of C-section
description: Identification of cannabinoid receptor interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium
measure: Levels of CB1 receptor protein
time frame: At the time of C-section
description: Quantification of levels of CB1 receptor protein interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium. A statistical comparison between groups will be performed.
measure: Levels of CB2 receptor protein
time frame: At the time of C-section
description: Quantification of CB2 receptor protein interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium. A statistical comparison between groups will be performed.
measure: Levels of cannabinoid receptor
time frame: At the time of C-section
description: Quantification of cannabinoid receptor interacting protein (CRIP) in gestational membranes, placenta, and myometrium. A statistical comparison between groups will be performed.
arm group label: Laboring Subjects
description: Subjects with a planned cesarean delivery who labor prior to their scheduled date or those who are in labor and require an unplanned but non-emergent cesarean delivery. These subjects will be approached upon admission to the study facility by the researcher for potential enrollment to allow adequate time to consider participation, ask questions, provide consent, and prior to procedure (Myometrial Sampling).
arm group label: Non Laboring Subjects
description: Subjects with a planned cesarean delivery will be approached by the researcher during prenatal visits or at the study facilities prior to planned procedure (Myometrial Sampling)
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Myometrial Sampling
description: A myometrial sample will be obtained at the time of cesarean delivery. Sample will be obtained from the superior edge of the existing lower uterine segment incision and will be 2 inches in length and 0.5 inches in width. The uterine incision will be repaired in a standard two-layer closure. If a classical cesarean (vertical) uterine incision is deemed necessary and is performed by the surgical team, a sample of the same size will be taken parallel to the incision at the existing edge. The classical uterine incision will be closed utilizing the standard layered technique.
Placenta and gestational membrane tissue will be obtained after placental delivery. The entire placenta and attached gestational membranes will be collected if not being sent for pathologic review
arm group label: Laboring Subjects
arm group label: Non Laboring Subjects
A sample of the uterus will be removed at the existing incision made by your doctors. The
      uterine segment (sample) will be 2 inches in length and 0.5 inches in width. The placenta and
      the attached membranes will also be collected for the study. The uterine incision will be
      repaired in the standard fashion.
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: Female
gender based: Yes
gender description: Pregnant women
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Melissa L Kozakiewicz, MD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Wake Forest University Health Sciences
facility: 
facility: 
country: United States
citation: Navathe R, Berghella V. Tocolysis for Acute Preterm Labor: Where Have We Been, Where Are We Now, and Where are We Going? Am J Perinatol. 2016 Feb;33(3):229-35. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1571147. Epub 2016 Jan 25.
PMID: 26808195
citation: Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008 Jan 5;371(9606):75-84. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60074-4.
PMID: 18177778
citation: Matsuda LA, Lolait SJ, Brownstein MJ, Young AC, Bonner TI. Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature. 1990 Aug 9;346(6284):561-4. doi: 10.1038/346561a0.
PMID: 2165569
citation: Howlett AC, Bidaut-Russell M, Devane WA, Melvin LS, Johnson MR, Herkenham M. The cannabinoid receptor: biochemical, anatomical and behavioral characterization. Trends Neurosci. 1990 Oct;13(10):420-3. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(90)90124-s.
PMID: 1700516
citation: Paria BC, Song H, Wang X, Schmid PC, Krebsbach RJ, Schmid HH, Bonner TI, Zimmer A, Dey SK. Dysregulated cannabinoid signaling disrupts uterine receptivity for embryo implantation. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 8;276(23):20523-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M100679200. Epub 2001 Mar 8.
PMID: 11279117
citation: Paria BC, Dey SK. Ligand-receptor signaling with endocannabinoids in preimplantation embryo development and implantation. Chem Phys Lipids. 2000 Nov;108(1-2):211-20. doi: 10.1016/s0009-3084(00)00197-3.
PMID: 11106792
citation: Das SK, Paria BC, Chakraborty I, Dey SK. Cannabinoid ligand-receptor signaling in the mouse uterus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4332-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4332.
PMID: 7753807
citation: Schmid PC, Paria BC, Krebsbach RJ, Schmid HH, Dey SK. Changes in anandamide levels in mouse uterus are associated with uterine receptivity for embryo implantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 15;94(8):4188-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.8.4188.
PMID: 9108127
citation: Paria BC, Wang H, Dey SK. Endocannabinoid signaling in synchronizing embryo development and uterine receptivity for implantation. Chem Phys Lipids. 2002 Dec 31;121(1-2):201-10. doi: 10.1016/s0009-3084(02)00156-1.
PMID: 12505701
citation: Dennedy MC, Friel AM, Houlihan DD, Broderick VM, Smith T, Morrison JJ. Cannabinoids and the human uterus during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Jan;190(1):2-9; discussion 3A. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.07.013.
PMID: 14749627
citation: Park B, Gibbons HM, Mitchell MD, Glassa M. Identification of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the human placenta. Placenta. 2003 May;24(5):473-8. doi: 10.1053/plac.2002.0926.
PMID: 12744923
citation: Wang H, Xie H, Dey SK. Loss of cannabinoid receptor CB1 induces preterm birth. PLoS One. 2008 Oct 3;3(10):e3320. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003320.
PMID: 18833324
citation: Habayeb OM, Taylor AH, Evans MD, Cooke MS, Taylor DJ, Bell SC, Konje JC. Plasma levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide in women--a potential role in pregnancy maintenance and labor? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Nov;89(11):5482-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-0681.
PMID: 15531501
citation: Costa MA, Fonseca BM, Keating E, Teixeira NA, Correia-da-Silva G. 2-arachidonoylglycerol effects in cytotrophoblasts: metabolic enzymes expression and apoptosis in BeWo cells. Reproduction. 2014 Feb 3;147(3):301-11. doi: 10.1530/REP-13-0563. Print 2014 Mar.
PMID: 24324206
citation: Chiossi G, Costantine MM, Bytautiene E, Kechichian T, Hankins GD, Sbrana E, Saade GR, Longo M. The effects of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2 on in vitro myometrial contractility and uterine structure. Am J Perinatol. 2012 Sep;29(8):615-22. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1311986. Epub 2012 May 25.
PMID: 22639355
citation: Chioss G, Costantine MM, Bytautiene E, Betancourt A, Hankins GD, Saade GR, Longo M. In vitro myometrial contractility profiles of different pharmacological agents used for induction of labor. Am J Perinatol. 2012 Oct;29(9):699-704. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1314891. Epub 2012 May 29.
PMID: 22644831
citation: Luckas MJ, Wray S. A comparison of the contractile properties of human myometrium obtained from the upper and lower uterine segments. BJOG. 2000 Oct;107(10):1309-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11626.x.
PMID: 11028587
citation: Moynihan AT, Smith TJ, Morrison JJ. The relaxant effect of nifedipine in human uterine smooth muscle and the BK(Ca) channel. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Feb;198(2):237.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.08.074.
PMID: 18226634
citation: Quenby S, Matthew A, Zhang J, Dawood F, Wray S. In vitro myometrial contractility reflects indication for caesarean section. BJOG. 2011 Nov;118(12):1499-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03064.x. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
PMID: 21790954
responsible party type: Sponsor