<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03278951</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>965182-6</org_study_id>
    <secondary_id>8UL1GM118979-02</secondary_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03278951</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Video Conferencing and In-person Health Coaching on Weight Loss, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Control</brief_title>
  <official_title>A Comparison of Video Conferencing and In-person Health Coaching Approaches in Combination With mHealth Devices on Weight Loss, Physical Activity, and Glycemic Control</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of New Mexico</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)</agency>
      <agency_class>NIH</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>inHealth Medical Services, Inc.</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of New Mexico</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The purpose of this study was to determine how 12 weeks of health coaching with&#xD;
      individualized feedback and education in combination with mobile health devices (a digital&#xD;
      wireless body weight scale and wireless activity tracker) influences body weight, waist&#xD;
      circumference, physical activity levels, and select blood-borne markers of health (fasting&#xD;
      blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin). The individualized health coaching, education,&#xD;
      and feedback was delivered by either video conferencing or direct, in-person consultation.&#xD;
      All education materials including (i.e. video modules, exercise manuals, nutrition manuals)&#xD;
      were designed and compiled by a team of health professionals from (inHealth Medical Services,&#xD;
      Inc.). These materials focused on incorporating behavioral principles of self-monitoring,&#xD;
      exercise, nutrition, goal setting, and behavior modification. Each participant was randomly&#xD;
      assigned into one of two intervention groups (a video conferencing or in-person group) or a&#xD;
      control group.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Telemedicine can be defined as using communication technologies, specifically video&#xD;
      conferencing, to support long-distance delivery of clinical health care and patient and&#xD;
      professional health-related education. Video conferencing (VC) has been used since the early&#xD;
      1990's as a tool to monitor symptoms (Hubble et al. 1992), and it has also been used in&#xD;
      various subspecialties such as heart disease (Winters &amp; Winters, 2007), diabetes&#xD;
      prevention/management (Davis et al. 2010), mental health care (O'Reilly et al. 2007), and for&#xD;
      providing nutritional advice (Rollo et al. 2015). Evidence regarding the effectiveness of&#xD;
      video conferencing is amassing with systematic reviews revealing promising results in the&#xD;
      management of various chronic diseases (Pronk et al. 2011). However, to date there are no&#xD;
      published studies investigating a fully online, medically monitored, weight loss program&#xD;
      utilizing VC.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The application of VC has the potential to shift current clinical practice for medical weight&#xD;
      management/weight loss from traditional in-person medical office visits to remote delivery&#xD;
      using VC. eClinicalWorks® (ECW)l) is a telemedicine service company providing cost effective&#xD;
      medical care solutions to patients through the use of technology.ECW® provides patients with&#xD;
      an easy-to-use application that enables face-to-face contact with a healthcare provider&#xD;
      through the use of VC on their smart device from any location. The ECW® application which&#xD;
      will be utilized in the present study will be fully customized to utilize Bluetooth&#xD;
      connectivity to sync with commercially available clinical assessment tools such as body&#xD;
      weight scales and physical activity trackers to monitor obesity related health outcomes.&#xD;
      Through the integration of tools into a customized smartphone application provided by ECW®,&#xD;
      health care professionals in the present study will be able to evaluate a participant's body&#xD;
      weight, body composition, and physical activity through one convenient smartphone&#xD;
      application.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Within the obesity prevention and management strategies, the use of health coaching is one&#xD;
      possible way to improve patient lifestyle behavior change. Health coaching can be defined as&#xD;
      the &quot;practice of providing health education within a coaching context to enhance the&#xD;
      knowledge of individuals which helps facilitate the achievement in their health-related&#xD;
      goals'' (Olson and Nesbitt et al. 2010). A fairly recent study (Ferrante et al. 2009) in&#xD;
      which more than 500 physicians were surveyed on their practices and management strategies&#xD;
      regarding extreme obesity (BMI ≥40kg/m2) indicated that having a readily available nutrition&#xD;
      and exercise therapist would be helpful in improving the quality of care in these patients,&#xD;
      thereby highlighting the benefits gained by using health coaches. The majority of health&#xD;
      coaching intervention studies investigating behavior change have been personalized and&#xD;
      conveyed to the individual participant through several mediums including telephone, (Huber et&#xD;
      al. 2015), web-based chatting (Hersey et al. 2012, Bennett et al. 2010), or a combination of&#xD;
      in-person and web-based delivery (Appel et al. 2011; Bennett et al. 2005). Additionally,&#xD;
      there appears to be great variability between interventions in the type of health care&#xD;
      professional utilized as health coaches including: nurses, health counselors, registered&#xD;
      dietitians, primary care providers, or diabetes educators (Kivela et al. 2014). However,&#xD;
      using a health coaching approach in which a multi-disciplinary team (medical doctor,&#xD;
      registered dietitian, and exercise physiologist) is utilized, as in the present study, has&#xD;
      yet to be examined. This is especially important as recent evidence has shown that increased&#xD;
      collaboration between healthcare professionals may enhance patient adherence, education, and&#xD;
      medical monitoring (Jeon &amp; Park, 2015).&#xD;
&#xD;
      In addition to the utilization of both health coaching and VC, health professionals are&#xD;
      always seeking ways to objectively monitor and improve their patients' health and fitness,&#xD;
      especially between patient visits. A potential way health professionals can monitor a&#xD;
      patient's health metrics is through mobile health (mHealth) devices including smartphones and&#xD;
      wearable fitness trackers, as well as wireless weight scales, blood pressure cuffs, and&#xD;
      glucometers (Shaw et al. 2016). However, to leverage mHealth devices as tools to promote&#xD;
      patient self-monitoring, the integrated use of mHealth devices which collect, display, and&#xD;
      secure data through a unified system is needed. To date, only one study (Shaw et al. 2016)&#xD;
      examined the feasibility of multiple mHealth devices which transmitted data to a secure US&#xD;
      Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database. Therefore, The primary aim of this study was to&#xD;
      assess changes in physical activity, body weight and metabolic markers (fasting blood&#xD;
      glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and hemoglobin A1c) in obese adults randomized into&#xD;
      either a control group or one of two intervention groups (an in-person group or VC group).&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 30, 2016</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">May 30, 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">May 20, 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>All participants were randomized in a balanced fashion and stratified by sex into either one of the two intervention groups (VC or in-person group) or a control group.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
    <masking_description>Following baseline visits, participants were randomized to a viideo conference (VC(, in person (IP) or control (CG) groups via the website https://www.randomlists.com/team-generator.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Weight loss in (kg)</measure>
    <time_frame>Change in weight between baseline (week 0) and post intervention (week 12)</time_frame>
    <description>Investigators examined body weight changes between groups baseline (week 0) and post intervention (week12).</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Comparison of daily step average per day by group (n=10 for each group).</measure>
    <time_frame>Average steps per day/week over a 12 week period.</time_frame>
    <description>Investigators examined steps per day and averaged them every week. Each time point (weeks) were then graphed and presented as adjusted least mean square (LMS) and standard error (SE).</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Hba1c pre and post intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre and Post (a 12 week study)</time_frame>
    <description>Investigators measured HbA1c via a blood test which was analyzed by Quest® laboratories.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Insulin pre and post intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre and Post (a 12 week study)</time_frame>
    <description>Investigators measured Insulin via a blood test which was analyzed by Quest® laboratories.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Blood glucose pre and post intervention</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre and Post (a 12 week study)</time_frame>
    <description>Investigators measured blood glucose via a blood test which was analyzed by Quest® laboratories.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre and Post (a 12 week study)</time_frame>
    <description>A Homeostasis Model Assessment was used to estimate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">30</enrollment>
  <condition>Obesity</condition>
  <condition>Weight Loss</condition>
  <condition>Telemedicine</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control Group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>The control group received the mHealth devices but no health coaching or feedback. Participants in this group completed the same pre- and post-intervention measurements.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Video Conferencing Health Coaching</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>The video conferencing group participants met via the eClinicalWorks® app using their smartphone, and met 12 times with the registered dietitian (RD) and 12 times with the exercise physiologist to discuss exercise and diet goals.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>In Person Health Coaching</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>The in person group participants met 12 times with the registered dietitian (RD) and 12 times with the exercise physiologist over the course of the study to discuss both diet and exercise regimens.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Video Conferencing Group</intervention_name>
    <arm_group_label>Video Conferencing Health Coaching</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>In Person Group</intervention_name>
    <arm_group_label>In Person Health Coaching</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        Fluent in English spoken and written at a high-school level, Non-diabetic Obese according&#xD;
        to body mass index (BMI) standards (&gt; 30 kg/m2), Weigh less than 396 pounds, Live a&#xD;
        sedentary lifestyle defined as &lt; 7,000 steps per day Had access to an Apple® iPhone or&#xD;
        Android® smart phone&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Participants were excluded if they have stated having an Immunodeficiency disorder&#xD;
             Kidney disease; Type II diabetes; History of uncontrolled high blood pressure (defined&#xD;
             as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg&#xD;
             confirmed by measurements on two separate occasions); Asthma, COPD, Heart attack or&#xD;
             stroke within the past 12 months; Presence of a partial or full artificial limb; Known&#xD;
             dementia, brain cancer, eating disorders, history of significant neurological or&#xD;
             psychiatric disorder or any other psychological condition; Medications, dietary&#xD;
             supplements, or substances advertised to modify metabolism or body weight; Undergone&#xD;
             major surgery less than 4 weeks prior to enrollment in the study; or were actively&#xD;
             losing weight.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>65 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Ann Gibson, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Study Chair</role>
    <affiliation>University of New Mexico</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hubble JP, Pahwa R, Michalek DK, Thomas C, Koller WC. Interactive video conferencing: a means of providing interim care to Parkinson's disease patients. Mov Disord. 1993 Jul;8(3):380-2. doi: 10.1002/mds.870080326.</citation>
    <PMID>8341308</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rollo ME, Hutchesson MJ, Burrows TL, Krukowski RA, Harvey JR, Hoggle LB, Collins CE. Video Consultations and Virtual Nutrition Care for Weight Management. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015 Aug;115(8):1213-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.03.016. Epub 2015 May 16. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>25986214</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Davis RM, Hitch AD, Salaam MM, Herman WH, Zimmer-Galler IE, Mayer-Davis EJ. TeleHealth improves diabetes self-management in an underserved community: diabetes TeleCare. Diabetes Care. 2010 Aug;33(8):1712-7. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1919. Epub 2010 May 18.</citation>
    <PMID>20484125</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Olsen JM, Nesbitt BJ. Health coaching to improve healthy lifestyle behaviors: an integrative review. Am J Health Promot. 2010 Sep-Oct;25(1):e1-e12. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.090313-LIT-101.</citation>
    <PMID>20809820</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Huber JM, Shapiro JS, Wieland ML, Croghan IT, Vickers Douglas KS, Schroeder DR, Hathaway JC, Ebbert JO. Telecoaching plus a portion control plate for weight care management: a randomized trial. Trials. 2015 Jul 30;16:323. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0880-1.</citation>
    <PMID>26223309</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ferrante JM, Piasecki AK, Ohman-Strickland PA, Crabtree BF. Family physicians' practices and attitudes regarding care of extremely obese patients. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Sep;17(9):1710-6. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.62. Epub 2009 Mar 12.</citation>
    <PMID>19282824</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bennett JA, Perrin NA, Hanson G, Bennett D, Gaynor W, Flaherty-Robb M, Joseph C, Butterworth S, Potempa K. Healthy aging demonstration project: nurse coaching for behavior change in older adults. Res Nurs Health. 2005 Jun;28(3):187-97. doi: 10.1002/nur.20077.</citation>
    <PMID>15884026</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Shaw RJ, Steinberg DM, Bonnet J, Modarai F, George A, Cunningham T, Mason M, Shahsahebi M, Grambow SC, Bennett GG, Bosworth HB. Mobile health devices: will patients actually use them? J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2016 May;23(3):462-6. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocv186. Epub 2016 Jan 17.</citation>
    <PMID>26911820</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jeon E, Park HA. Development of a smartphone application for clinical-guideline-based obesity management. Healthc Inform Res. 2015 Jan;21(1):10-20. doi: 10.4258/hir.2015.21.1.10. Epub 2015 Jan 31.</citation>
    <PMID>25705553</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>American Heart Association; American College of Cardiology; Obesity Society. Reprint: 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2014 Jan-Feb;54(1):e3. doi: 10.1331/japha.2014.14502. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>24898716</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kivela K, Elo S, Kyngas H, Kaariainen M. The effects of health coaching on adult patients with chronic diseases: a systematic review. Patient Educ Couns. 2014 Nov;97(2):147-57. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.07.026. Epub 2014 Aug 1.</citation>
    <PMID>25127667</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hersey JC, Khavjou O, Strange LB, Atkinson RL, Blair SN, Campbell S, Hobbs CL, Kelly B, Fitzgerald TM, Kish-Doto J, Koch MA, Munoz B, Peele E, Stockdale J, Augustine C, Mitchell G, Arday D, Kugler J, Dorn P, Ellzy J, Julian R, Grissom J, Britt M. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a community weight management intervention: a randomized controlled trial of the health weight management demonstration. Prev Med. 2012 Jan;54(1):42-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.09.018. Epub 2011 Oct 6.</citation>
    <PMID>22001689</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>September 2017</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>September 7, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>September 11, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 12, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>September 13, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>September 13, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 14, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Weight loss</keyword>
  <keyword>video conferencing</keyword>
  <keyword>mHealth</keyword>
  <keyword>Telemedicine</keyword>
  <keyword>glycemic control</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Body Weight</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Weight Loss</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make IPD available.</ipd_description>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03278951
org study id: 965182-6
secondary id: 8UL1GM118979-02
nct id: NCT03278951
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The purpose of this study was to determine how 12 weeks of health coaching with
      individualized feedback and education in combination with mobile health devices (a digital
      wireless body weight scale and wireless activity tracker) influences body weight, waist
      circumference, physical activity levels, and select blood-borne markers of health (fasting
      blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin). The individualized health coaching, education,
      and feedback was delivered by either video conferencing or direct, in-person consultation.
      All education materials including (i.e. video modules, exercise manuals, nutrition manuals)
      were designed and compiled by a team of health professionals from (inHealth Medical Services,
      Inc.). These materials focused on incorporating behavioral principles of self-monitoring,
      exercise, nutrition, goal setting, and behavior modification. Each participant was randomly
      assigned into one of two intervention groups (a video conferencing or in-person group) or a
      control group.
Telemedicine can be defined as using communication technologies, specifically video
      conferencing, to support long-distance delivery of clinical health care and patient and
      professional health-related education. Video conferencing (VC) has been used since the early
      1990's as a tool to monitor symptoms (Hubble et al. 1992), and it has also been used in
      various subspecialties such as heart disease (Winters & Winters, 2007), diabetes
      prevention/management (Davis et al. 2010), mental health care (O'Reilly et al. 2007), and for
      providing nutritional advice (Rollo et al. 2015). Evidence regarding the effectiveness of
      video conferencing is amassing with systematic reviews revealing promising results in the
      management of various chronic diseases (Pronk et al. 2011). However, to date there are no
      published studies investigating a fully online, medically monitored, weight loss program
      utilizing VC.

      The application of VC has the potential to shift current clinical practice for medical weight
      management/weight loss from traditional in-person medical office visits to remote delivery
      using VC. eClinicalWorks® (ECW)l) is a telemedicine service company providing cost effective
      medical care solutions to patients through the use of technology.ECW® provides patients with
      an easy-to-use application that enables face-to-face contact with a healthcare provider
      through the use of VC on their smart device from any location. The ECW® application which
      will be utilized in the present study will be fully customized to utilize Bluetooth
      connectivity to sync with commercially available clinical assessment tools such as body
      weight scales and physical activity trackers to monitor obesity related health outcomes.
      Through the integration of tools into a customized smartphone application provided by ECW®,
      health care professionals in the present study will be able to evaluate a participant's body
      weight, body composition, and physical activity through one convenient smartphone
      application.

      Within the obesity prevention and management strategies, the use of health coaching is one
      possible way to improve patient lifestyle behavior change. Health coaching can be defined as
      the "practice of providing health education within a coaching context to enhance the
      knowledge of individuals which helps facilitate the achievement in their health-related
      goals'' (Olson and Nesbitt et al. 2010). A fairly recent study (Ferrante et al. 2009) in
      which more than 500 physicians were surveyed on their practices and management strategies
      regarding extreme obesity (BMI ≥40kg/m2) indicated that having a readily available nutrition
      and exercise therapist would be helpful in improving the quality of care in these patients,
      thereby highlighting the benefits gained by using health coaches. The majority of health
      coaching intervention studies investigating behavior change have been personalized and
      conveyed to the individual participant through several mediums including telephone, (Huber et
      al. 2015), web-based chatting (Hersey et al. 2012, Bennett et al. 2010), or a combination of
      in-person and web-based delivery (Appel et al. 2011; Bennett et al. 2005). Additionally,
      there appears to be great variability between interventions in the type of health care
      professional utilized as health coaches including: nurses, health counselors, registered
      dietitians, primary care providers, or diabetes educators (Kivela et al. 2014). However,
      using a health coaching approach in which a multi-disciplinary team (medical doctor,
      registered dietitian, and exercise physiologist) is utilized, as in the present study, has
      yet to be examined. This is especially important as recent evidence has shown that increased
      collaboration between healthcare professionals may enhance patient adherence, education, and
      medical monitoring (Jeon & Park, 2015).

      In addition to the utilization of both health coaching and VC, health professionals are
      always seeking ways to objectively monitor and improve their patients' health and fitness,
      especially between patient visits. A potential way health professionals can monitor a
      patient's health metrics is through mobile health (mHealth) devices including smartphones and
      wearable fitness trackers, as well as wireless weight scales, blood pressure cuffs, and
      glucometers (Shaw et al. 2016). However, to leverage mHealth devices as tools to promote
      patient self-monitoring, the integrated use of mHealth devices which collect, display, and
      secure data through a unified system is needed. To date, only one study (Shaw et al. 2016)
      examined the feasibility of multiple mHealth devices which transmitted data to a secure US
      Food and Drug Administration (FDA) database. Therefore, The primary aim of this study was to
      assess changes in physical activity, body weight and metabolic markers (fasting blood
      glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and hemoglobin A1c) in obese adults randomized into
      either a control group or one of two intervention groups (an in-person group or VC group).
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: All participants were randomized in a balanced fashion and stratified by sex into either one of the two intervention groups (VC or in-person group) or a control group.
primary purpose: Other
masking: Single (Participant)
masking description: Following baseline visits, participants were randomized to a viideo conference (VC(, in person (IP) or control (CG) groups via the website https://www.randomlists.com/team-generator.
measure: Weight loss in (kg)
time frame: Change in weight between baseline (week 0) and post intervention (week 12)
description: Investigators examined body weight changes between groups baseline (week 0) and post intervention (week12).
measure: Comparison of daily step average per day by group (n=10 for each group).
time frame: Average steps per day/week over a 12 week period.
description: Investigators examined steps per day and averaged them every week. Each time point (weeks) were then graphed and presented as adjusted least mean square (LMS) and standard error (SE).
measure: Hba1c pre and post intervention
time frame: Pre and Post (a 12 week study)
description: Investigators measured HbA1c via a blood test which was analyzed by Quest® laboratories.
measure: Insulin pre and post intervention
time frame: Pre and Post (a 12 week study)
description: Investigators measured Insulin via a blood test which was analyzed by Quest® laboratories.
measure: Blood glucose pre and post intervention
time frame: Pre and Post (a 12 week study)
description: Investigators measured blood glucose via a blood test which was analyzed by Quest® laboratories.
measure: Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
time frame: Pre and Post (a 12 week study)
description: A Homeostasis Model Assessment was used to estimate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
arm group label: Control Group
arm group type: No Intervention
description: The control group received the mHealth devices but no health coaching or feedback. Participants in this group completed the same pre- and post-intervention measurements.
arm group label: Video Conferencing Health Coaching
arm group type: Experimental
description: The video conferencing group participants met via the eClinicalWorks® app using their smartphone, and met 12 times with the registered dietitian (RD) and 12 times with the exercise physiologist to discuss exercise and diet goals.
arm group label: In Person Health Coaching
arm group type: Experimental
description: The in person group participants met 12 times with the registered dietitian (RD) and 12 times with the exercise physiologist over the course of the study to discuss both diet and exercise regimens.
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Video Conferencing Group
arm group label: Video Conferencing Health Coaching
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: In Person Group
arm group label: In Person Health Coaching
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 65 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Ann Gibson, PhD
role: Study Chair
affiliation: University of New Mexico
citation: Hubble JP, Pahwa R, Michalek DK, Thomas C, Koller WC. Interactive video conferencing: a means of providing interim care to Parkinson's disease patients. Mov Disord. 1993 Jul;8(3):380-2. doi: 10.1002/mds.870080326.
PMID: 8341308
citation: Rollo ME, Hutchesson MJ, Burrows TL, Krukowski RA, Harvey JR, Hoggle LB, Collins CE. Video Consultations and Virtual Nutrition Care for Weight Management. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015 Aug;115(8):1213-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.03.016. Epub 2015 May 16. No abstract available.
PMID: 25986214
citation: Davis RM, Hitch AD, Salaam MM, Herman WH, Zimmer-Galler IE, Mayer-Davis EJ. TeleHealth improves diabetes self-management in an underserved community: diabetes TeleCare. Diabetes Care. 2010 Aug;33(8):1712-7. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1919. Epub 2010 May 18.
PMID: 20484125
citation: Olsen JM, Nesbitt BJ. Health coaching to improve healthy lifestyle behaviors: an integrative review. Am J Health Promot. 2010 Sep-Oct;25(1):e1-e12. doi: 10.4278/ajhp.090313-LIT-101.
PMID: 20809820
citation: Huber JM, Shapiro JS, Wieland ML, Croghan IT, Vickers Douglas KS, Schroeder DR, Hathaway JC, Ebbert JO. Telecoaching plus a portion control plate for weight care management: a randomized trial. Trials. 2015 Jul 30;16:323. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0880-1.
PMID: 26223309
citation: Ferrante JM, Piasecki AK, Ohman-Strickland PA, Crabtree BF. Family physicians' practices and attitudes regarding care of extremely obese patients. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Sep;17(9):1710-6. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.62. Epub 2009 Mar 12.
PMID: 19282824
citation: Bennett JA, Perrin NA, Hanson G, Bennett D, Gaynor W, Flaherty-Robb M, Joseph C, Butterworth S, Potempa K. Healthy aging demonstration project: nurse coaching for behavior change in older adults. Res Nurs Health. 2005 Jun;28(3):187-97. doi: 10.1002/nur.20077.
PMID: 15884026
citation: Shaw RJ, Steinberg DM, Bonnet J, Modarai F, George A, Cunningham T, Mason M, Shahsahebi M, Grambow SC, Bennett GG, Bosworth HB. Mobile health devices: will patients actually use them? J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2016 May;23(3):462-6. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocv186. Epub 2016 Jan 17.
PMID: 26911820
citation: Jeon E, Park HA. Development of a smartphone application for clinical-guideline-based obesity management. Healthc Inform Res. 2015 Jan;21(1):10-20. doi: 10.4258/hir.2015.21.1.10. Epub 2015 Jan 31.
PMID: 25705553
citation: American Heart Association; American College of Cardiology; Obesity Society. Reprint: 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2014 Jan-Feb;54(1):e3. doi: 10.1331/japha.2014.14502. No abstract available.
PMID: 24898716
citation: Kivela K, Elo S, Kyngas H, Kaariainen M. The effects of health coaching on adult patients with chronic diseases: a systematic review. Patient Educ Couns. 2014 Nov;97(2):147-57. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.07.026. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
PMID: 25127667
citation: Hersey JC, Khavjou O, Strange LB, Atkinson RL, Blair SN, Campbell S, Hobbs CL, Kelly B, Fitzgerald TM, Kish-Doto J, Koch MA, Munoz B, Peele E, Stockdale J, Augustine C, Mitchell G, Arday D, Kugler J, Dorn P, Ellzy J, Julian R, Grissom J, Britt M. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a community weight management intervention: a randomized controlled trial of the health weight management demonstration. Prev Med. 2012 Jan;54(1):42-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.09.018. Epub 2011 Oct 6.
PMID: 22001689
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Body Weight
mesh term: Weight Loss
sharing ipd: Undecided
ipd description: It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make IPD available.