<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03270839</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>1723-2016</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03270839</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Motion Sickness Medications and Vestibular Time Constant</brief_title>
  <official_title>Motion Sickness Medications and Vestibular Time Constant</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>Yes</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    <is_us_export>Yes</is_us_export>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Sea sickness represents a major limitation on the performance of ships' crew. One of the&#xD;
      challenges faced by the physician in the motion sickness clinic when prescribing anti-sea&#xD;
      sickness medication is to select the appropriate drug for the patient. Difficulties arise due&#xD;
      to high variability in the response to different drugs. In the case of sea sickness, the&#xD;
      current procedure is to examine the drug's efficacy in each individual during real time&#xD;
      exposure to sea conditions.&#xD;
&#xD;
      A number of studies have documented the presence of sea sickness drug receptors in the&#xD;
      vestibular nuclei, which determine the vestibular time constant. Two clinical vestibular&#xD;
      tests which evaluate the time constant are the Velocity Step and OKAN tests. The purpose of&#xD;
      the proposed study is to evaluate the influence of motion sickness drugs on the vestibular&#xD;
      time constant, as a possible bioequivalent of drug potency in the individual subject. Eighty&#xD;
      crew members will be recruited and divided into groups responsive and non-responsive to the&#xD;
      sea sickness drugs scopolamine and meclizine.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Subjects having a Wiker score of 7 in waves 1 meter high without drug treatment, and no&#xD;
      improvement in symptoms after treatment will be defined as non-responsive to sea sickness&#xD;
      drugs. Subjects having a Wiker score of 7 in waves 1 meter high without drug treatment, and a&#xD;
      Wiker score of 4 or less after treatment, will be defined as responsive to drug therapy.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Kwells, Bonine and placebo, will be assigned to each subject in a random, double-blind&#xD;
      fashion. Each group will perform the Velocity Step and OKAN tests before, one and two hours&#xD;
      after drug or placebo administration.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 1, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">May 1, 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">March 1, 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>Phase 4</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Non-Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Vestibular Time Constant Change/differential</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.</time_frame>
    <description>One of the parameters measured in step velocity test [Sec]</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Step Velocity Test Gain Change/differential</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.</time_frame>
    <description>One of the parameters measured in step velocity test [0-1]</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Optokinetic After Nystagmus (OKAN) Gain Change/differential</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.</time_frame>
    <description>One of the parameters measured in optokinetic test [0-1]</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Optokinetic After Nystagmus (OKAN) Time Constant Change/differential</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.</time_frame>
    <description>One of the parameters measured in optokinetic test [Sec]</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Optokinetic After Nystagmus (OKAN) Slow Phase velocity Sum Change/differential</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.</time_frame>
    <description>One of the parameters measured in optokinetic test [Deg/Sec]</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Pupil Size Change/differential</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.</time_frame>
    <description>Using pupil size chart [Mm]</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Pupil Accommodation and Convergation Change/differential</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.</time_frame>
    <description>Eye test for drugs side effects.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Side Effects Questionnaire Change/differential</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.</time_frame>
    <description>Questionnaire of drugs' side effects.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>8</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">80</enrollment>
  <condition>Drug Reaction</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Responsive to Scopolamine (Active)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Scopolamine administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Kwells, Hyoscine Hydrobromide 0.3mg, 1*day )</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Responsive to Scopolamine (Placebo)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Placebo administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Placebo Oral Tablet, no active substance in the tablet)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Non-responsive to Scopolamine (Active)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Scopolamine administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Kwells, Hyoscine Hydrobromide 0.3mg, 1*day )</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Non-responsive to Scopolamine (Placebo)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Placebo administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Placebo Oral Tablet, no active substance in the tablet)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Responsive to Meclizine (Active)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Meclizine administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Bonine 25Mg Chewable Tablet, Meclizine Hydrochloride 25mg, 1*day )</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Responsive to Meclizine (Placebo)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Placebo administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Placebo Oral Tablet, no active substance in the tablet)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Non-responsive to Meclizine (Active)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Meclizine administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Bonine 25Mg Chewable Tablet, Meclizine Hydrochloride 25mg, 1*day )</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Non-responsive to Meclizine (Placebo)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Placebo administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Placebo Oral Tablet, no active substance in the tablet)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Bonine 25Mg Chewable Tablet</intervention_name>
    <description>Motion sickness drug</description>
    <arm_group_label>Non-responsive to Meclizine (Active)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Responsive to Meclizine (Active)</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Meclizine</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Kwells</intervention_name>
    <description>Motion sickness drug</description>
    <arm_group_label>Non-responsive to Scopolamine (Active)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Responsive to Scopolamine (Active)</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Scopolamine</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Placebo Oral Tablet</intervention_name>
    <description>No active substance in the tablet</description>
    <arm_group_label>Non-responsive to Meclizine (Placebo)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Non-responsive to Scopolamine (Placebo)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Responsive to Meclizine (Placebo)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Responsive to Scopolamine (Placebo)</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Placebo</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Healthy soldiers between the ages of 18 to 40, who suffering from sea sickness&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  48 hours prior to session without any use of medications&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Soldiers who vomit in waves 1.5 meter high without drugs treatment&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Anamnestic hearing Impairment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Ear infection of any kind&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pathological finding in an otoneurological examination, witch will be done by a&#xD;
             trained neurophysiologist / a physician. In any case of pathological finding, patient&#xD;
             will be advised to continue medical assesment.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Vision pathologies the interfere with VNG test.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Withdrawal of informed consent by the patient of any cause.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Male</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>40 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Dror Tal, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Head of Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, Principal Investigator</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Dror Tal, PhD</last_name>
    <phone>+972549096080</phone>
    <email>tldror1@gmail.com</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Israeli Navy Medical Institute</name>
      <address>
        <city>Haifa</city>
        <country>Israel</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Dror Tal, PhD</last_name>
      <phone>+972549096080</phone>
      <email>tldror1@gmail.com</email>
    </contact>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Daniel Lagami, BSc</last_name>
      <role>Sub-Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Israel</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cheung BS, Howard IP, Money KE. Visually-induced sickness in normal and bilaterally labyrinthine-defective subjects. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1991 Jun;62(6):527-31.</citation>
    <PMID>1859339</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Dai M, Raphan T, Cohen B. Prolonged reduction of motion sickness sensitivity by visual-vestibular interaction. Exp Brain Res. 2011 May;210(3-4):503-13. doi: 10.1007/s00221-011-2548-8. Epub 2011 Feb 2.</citation>
    <PMID>21287155</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Golding JF, Gresty MA. Pathophysiology and treatment of motion sickness. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015 Feb;28(1):83-8. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000163.</citation>
    <PMID>25502048</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ishiyama A, Lopez I, Wackym PA. Molecular characterization of muscarinic receptors in the human vestibular periphery. Implications for pharmacotherapy. Am J Otol. 1997 Sep;18(5):648-54.</citation>
    <PMID>9303164</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Phelan KD, Nakamura J, Gallagher JP. Histamine depolarizes rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons recorded intracellularly in vitro. Neurosci Lett. 1990 Feb 16;109(3):287-92. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90009-x.</citation>
    <PMID>2139500</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Pyykko I, Schalen L, Matsuoka I. Transdermally administered scopolamine vs. dimenhydrinate. II. Effect on different types of nystagmus. Acta Otolaryngol. 1985 May-Jun;99(5-6):597-604. doi: 10.3109/00016488509182266.</citation>
    <PMID>4024910</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tal D, Hershkovitz D, Kaminski G, Bar R. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential threshold and seasickness susceptibility. J Vestib Res. 2006;16(6):273-8.</citation>
    <PMID>17726280</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bar R, Gil A, Tal D. Safety of double-dose transdermal scopolamine. Pharmacotherapy. 2009 Sep;29(9):1082-8. doi: 10.1592/phco.29.9.1082.</citation>
    <PMID>19698013</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>August 2017</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>April 2, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 31, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 1, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 31, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 31, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 1, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Dror Tal</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Head of Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, Principal Investigator</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Motion Sickness</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Meclizine</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Scopolamine</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03270839
org study id: 1723-2016
nct id: NCT03270839
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: Yes
is fda regulated device: No
is us export: Yes
Sea sickness represents a major limitation on the performance of ships' crew. One of the
      challenges faced by the physician in the motion sickness clinic when prescribing anti-sea
      sickness medication is to select the appropriate drug for the patient. Difficulties arise due
      to high variability in the response to different drugs. In the case of sea sickness, the
      current procedure is to examine the drug's efficacy in each individual during real time
      exposure to sea conditions.

      A number of studies have documented the presence of sea sickness drug receptors in the
      vestibular nuclei, which determine the vestibular time constant. Two clinical vestibular
      tests which evaluate the time constant are the Velocity Step and OKAN tests. The purpose of
      the proposed study is to evaluate the influence of motion sickness drugs on the vestibular
      time constant, as a possible bioequivalent of drug potency in the individual subject. Eighty
      crew members will be recruited and divided into groups responsive and non-responsive to the
      sea sickness drugs scopolamine and meclizine.

      Subjects having a Wiker score of 7 in waves 1 meter high without drug treatment, and no
      improvement in symptoms after treatment will be defined as non-responsive to sea sickness
      drugs. Subjects having a Wiker score of 7 in waves 1 meter high without drug treatment, and a
      Wiker score of 4 or less after treatment, will be defined as responsive to drug therapy.

      Kwells, Bonine and placebo, will be assigned to each subject in a random, double-blind
      fashion. Each group will perform the Velocity Step and OKAN tests before, one and two hours
      after drug or placebo administration.
allocation: Non-Randomized
intervention model: Crossover Assignment
primary purpose: Other
masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Vestibular Time Constant Change/differential
time frame: Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.
description: One of the parameters measured in step velocity test [Sec]
measure: Step Velocity Test Gain Change/differential
time frame: Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.
description: One of the parameters measured in step velocity test [0-1]
measure: Optokinetic After Nystagmus (OKAN) Gain Change/differential
time frame: Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.
description: One of the parameters measured in optokinetic test [0-1]
measure: Optokinetic After Nystagmus (OKAN) Time Constant Change/differential
time frame: Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.
description: One of the parameters measured in optokinetic test [Sec]
measure: Optokinetic After Nystagmus (OKAN) Slow Phase velocity Sum Change/differential
time frame: Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.
description: One of the parameters measured in optokinetic test [Deg/Sec]
measure: Pupil Size Change/differential
time frame: Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.
description: Using pupil size chart [Mm]
measure: Pupil Accommodation and Convergation Change/differential
time frame: Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.
description: Eye test for drugs side effects.
measure: Side Effects Questionnaire Change/differential
time frame: Baseline at the beginning of session prior to comparator (drug/placebo) receiving, 1 hour after receiving comparator and 2 hours after receiving comparator.
description: Questionnaire of drugs' side effects.
arm group label: Responsive to Scopolamine (Active)
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Scopolamine administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Kwells, Hyoscine Hydrobromide 0.3mg, 1*day )
arm group label: Responsive to Scopolamine (Placebo)
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: Placebo administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Placebo Oral Tablet, no active substance in the tablet)
arm group label: Non-responsive to Scopolamine (Active)
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Scopolamine administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Kwells, Hyoscine Hydrobromide 0.3mg, 1*day )
arm group label: Non-responsive to Scopolamine (Placebo)
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: Placebo administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Placebo Oral Tablet, no active substance in the tablet)
arm group label: Responsive to Meclizine (Active)
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Meclizine administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Bonine 25Mg Chewable Tablet, Meclizine Hydrochloride 25mg, 1*day )
arm group label: Responsive to Meclizine (Placebo)
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: Placebo administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Placebo Oral Tablet, no active substance in the tablet)
arm group label: Non-responsive to Meclizine (Active)
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Meclizine administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Bonine 25Mg Chewable Tablet, Meclizine Hydrochloride 25mg, 1*day )
arm group label: Non-responsive to Meclizine (Placebo)
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: Placebo administration - subject will take 1 tablet per os (Placebo Oral Tablet, no active substance in the tablet)
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Bonine 25Mg Chewable Tablet
description: Motion sickness drug
arm group label: Non-responsive to Meclizine (Active)
arm group label: Responsive to Meclizine (Active)
other name: Meclizine
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Kwells
description: Motion sickness drug
arm group label: Non-responsive to Scopolamine (Active)
arm group label: Responsive to Scopolamine (Active)
other name: Scopolamine
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Placebo Oral Tablet
description: No active substance in the tablet
arm group label: Non-responsive to Meclizine (Placebo)
arm group label: Non-responsive to Scopolamine (Placebo)
arm group label: Responsive to Meclizine (Placebo)
arm group label: Responsive to Scopolamine (Placebo)
other name: Placebo
criteria: 
gender: Male
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 40 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Dror Tal, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Head of Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, Principal Investigator
last name: Dror Tal, PhD
phone: +972549096080
email: tldror1@gmail.com
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
investigator: 
country: Israel
citation: Cheung BS, Howard IP, Money KE. Visually-induced sickness in normal and bilaterally labyrinthine-defective subjects. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1991 Jun;62(6):527-31.
PMID: 1859339
citation: Dai M, Raphan T, Cohen B. Prolonged reduction of motion sickness sensitivity by visual-vestibular interaction. Exp Brain Res. 2011 May;210(3-4):503-13. doi: 10.1007/s00221-011-2548-8. Epub 2011 Feb 2.
PMID: 21287155
citation: Golding JF, Gresty MA. Pathophysiology and treatment of motion sickness. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015 Feb;28(1):83-8. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000163.
PMID: 25502048
citation: Ishiyama A, Lopez I, Wackym PA. Molecular characterization of muscarinic receptors in the human vestibular periphery. Implications for pharmacotherapy. Am J Otol. 1997 Sep;18(5):648-54.
PMID: 9303164
citation: Phelan KD, Nakamura J, Gallagher JP. Histamine depolarizes rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons recorded intracellularly in vitro. Neurosci Lett. 1990 Feb 16;109(3):287-92. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90009-x.
PMID: 2139500
citation: Pyykko I, Schalen L, Matsuoka I. Transdermally administered scopolamine vs. dimenhydrinate. II. Effect on different types of nystagmus. Acta Otolaryngol. 1985 May-Jun;99(5-6):597-604. doi: 10.3109/00016488509182266.
PMID: 4024910
citation: Tal D, Hershkovitz D, Kaminski G, Bar R. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential threshold and seasickness susceptibility. J Vestib Res. 2006;16(6):273-8.
PMID: 17726280
citation: Bar R, Gil A, Tal D. Safety of double-dose transdermal scopolamine. Pharmacotherapy. 2009 Sep;29(9):1082-8. doi: 10.1592/phco.29.9.1082.
PMID: 19698013
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force
investigator full name: Dror Tal
investigator title: Head of Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, Principal Investigator
mesh term: Motion Sickness
mesh term: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
mesh term: Meclizine
mesh term: Scopolamine
sharing ipd: No