<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298243</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>HR-3303</org_study_id>
    <secondary_id>1R15HD093086</secondary_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03298243</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Use of Sensory Substitution to Improve Arm Control After Stroke</brief_title>
  <official_title>Augmenting Kinesthetic Feedback to Improve Hemiparetic Arm Control After Stroke</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Marquette University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Medical College of Wisconsin</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)</agency>
      <agency_class>NIH</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Marquette University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Supplementing or augmenting sensory information to those who have lost proprioception after&#xD;
      stroke could help improve functional control of the arm. Thirty subjects will be recruited to&#xD;
      a single site to evaluate the ability of supplemental kinesthetic feedback (a form of&#xD;
      vibrotactile stimulation) to improve motor function. Participants will be tested in&#xD;
      performing reaching movements as well as more functional tasks such as simulated drinking&#xD;
      from a glass&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      This study has two distinct aims to be addressed in a longitudinal study spanning 24 days.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aim 1 tests the hypothesis that stroke survivors can improve motor control of their&#xD;
      contralesional arm through extended training with supplemental kinesthetic feedback applied&#xD;
      to the non-moving arm and hand.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aim 2 tests the hypothesis that extended training with supplemental kinesthetic feedback can&#xD;
      lead to new skills that generalize to untrained reach-to-grasp actions like reaching for a&#xD;
      water glass or a book on a shelf.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Day 1: Participants complete baseline tests of cognitive performance over several domains,&#xD;
      including psychomotor speed (e.g., Symbol Digit Modalities Test; Digit Copy Test), memory&#xD;
      (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), cognitive&#xD;
      flexibility/attention shifting (Trail-Making Test B; Wisconsin Card Sort Test), spatial&#xD;
      processing (Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure copy test), and action selection/inhibition. (the&#xD;
      go, no-go, and stop signal tests).&#xD;
&#xD;
      Day 2: Participants complete baseline tests of sensorimotor impairment and function. Tests of&#xD;
      sensorimotor impairment include the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the&#xD;
      contralesional arm, two-point discrimination, vibration sensation using a 128 Hz tuning fork,&#xD;
      and a robotic test of proprioception in both arms. Motor function in the contralesional arm&#xD;
      will be assessed using the Jamar grip strength assessment and the Wolf Motor Function Test.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Day 3: We will test the subjects on their naïve capability to use a 3-Degree-Of-Freedom&#xD;
      (3-DOF) vibrotactile display to guide supported (but unconstrained) 3D movements mimicking&#xD;
      reach-to-grasp actions like reaching for a water glass or a book on a shelf. The vibrotactile&#xD;
      display will provide supplemental kinesthetic feedback of limb movement.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Days 4-23: These 20 sessions train participants on the use of of supplemental kinesthetic&#xD;
      feedback of limb movement. We will test two groups of 15 stroke survivors each. Subjects will&#xD;
      use supplemental vibrotactile feedback to guide goal-directed reach-to-grasp movements to&#xD;
      targets presented visually in 3D space. Individuals assigned to the PROGRESSIVE TRAINING&#xD;
      group will practice for several days on interpreting feedback along just one dimension of&#xD;
      movement before training to interpret 2 dimensions of feedback. they will conclude training&#xD;
      by training to interpret 3D vibrotactile feedback. Individuals assigned to the 3D TRAINING&#xD;
      group will only train on the full 3D feedback system.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Day 24: We will re-test the subjects on their capability to use a 3-DOF vibrotactile display&#xD;
      to guide supported (but unconstrained) 3D movements mimicking reach-to-grasp actions like&#xD;
      reaching for a water glass or a book on a shelf.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Anticipated">July 17, 2023</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">May 31, 2025</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">April 25, 2024</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Aims 1 and 2: Parallel-group longitudinal study. Participants will practice reaching to locations in front of them using vibrotactile feedback to guide the precision of the movements. For one group, the tasks will be organized to slowly become more difficult as practice continues. For the other group, the training will only involve the more difficult task. Subjects will be asked to perform simulated tasks of daily living at the beginning or end of practice to test transfer of the vibrotactile training/learning.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Basic Science</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Root Mean Square Kinematic Error</measure>
    <time_frame>across experimental sessions spanning a typical time frame of 4 to 6 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>orthogonal distance between target and hand position during reaching and stabilizing</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">30</enrollment>
  <condition>Stroke</condition>
  <condition>Proprioceptive Disorders</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Stroke Cohort - Progressive Training</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Aim 1 intervention: Vibrotactile stimulation. Progressive training from simple to more complex reaching task using vibrotactile feedback to guide performance</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Stroke Cohort - Whole Task Training</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Aim2 intervention: Vibrotactile stimulation. Training on only the more complex reaching task using vibrotactile feedback to guide performance</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Vibrotactile stimulation</intervention_name>
    <description>Non-invasive, computer-controlled miniature tendon vibrators, similar to those used in off-the-shelf activity monitors.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Stroke Cohort - Progressive Training</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Stroke Cohort - Whole Task Training</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  stroke survivors who can perform our stabilization and grip modulation tasks and who&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  had a single ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the&#xD;
             chronic state of recovery (&gt; 6 months post-stroke).&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  ability to give informed consent and be able to follow two-stage instructions.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  mild-to-moderate motor impairment as assessed using the upper extremity (UE) portion&#xD;
             of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FM); i.e., UE-FM score between 28 and 50&#xD;
             (inclusive) out of a possible 66.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  proprioceptive deficit at the elbow in the more involved (contralesional) arm.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  preserved tactile sensation in either the ipsilesional arm and/or thigh.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  a minimal active wrist extension of 5°.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Inability of subjects to give informed consent or follow two-stage instructions.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  subjects with a bleeding disorder.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  subjects with fixed contractures or a history of tendon transfer in the involved limb.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  subjects with a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or any&#xD;
             disease that might interfere with neuromuscular function.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  subjects who are currently using or under the influence of aminoglycoside antibiotics,&#xD;
             curare-like agents, or other agents that may interfere with neuromuscular function.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  subjects with a history of epilepsy.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  history of other psychiatric co-morbidities (e.g. schizophrenia).&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  malignant or benign intra-axial neoplasms.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  concurrent illness limiting the capacity to conform to study requirements.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Cardiac pacemaker, cardiac arrhythmia or history of significant cardiovascular or&#xD;
             respiratory compromise.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  subjects with profound atrophy or excessive weakness of muscles in the target area(s)&#xD;
             of testing.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  subjects with a systemic infection.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>21 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Robert A Scheidt, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Marquette University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Robert A Scheidt, PhD</last_name>
    <phone>(414)288-6124</phone>
    <email>robert.scheidt@marquette.edu</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <overall_contact_backup>
    <last_name>Kimberly D Bassindale, DPT</last_name>
    <phone>(414)288-6184</phone>
    <email>kimberly.bassindale@marquette.edu</email>
  </overall_contact_backup>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Marquette University</name>
      <address>
        <city>Milwaukee</city>
        <state>Wisconsin</state>
        <zip>53233</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Robert A Scheidt, PhD</last_name>
      <phone>414-288-6124</phone>
      <email>robert.scheidt@marquette.edu</email>
    </contact>
    <contact_backup>
      <last_name>Kimberly D Bassindale, DPT</last_name>
      <phone>4142886184</phone>
      <email>nmcl_stroke@marquette.edu</email>
    </contact_backup>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Krueger AR, Giannoni P, Shah V, Casadio M, Scheidt RA. Supplemental vibrotactile feedback control of stabilization and reaching actions of the arm using limb state and position error encodings. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2017 May 2;14(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12984-017-0248-8. Erratum In: J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2017 Jul 10;14 (1):69.</citation>
    <PMID>28464891</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Risi N, Shah V, Mrotek LA, Casadio M, Scheidt RA. Supplemental vibrotactile feedback of real-time limb position enhances precision of goal-directed reaching. J Neurophysiol. 2019 Jul 1;122(1):22-38. doi: 10.1152/jn.00337.2018. Epub 2019 Apr 17.</citation>
    <PMID>30995149</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Shah VA, Casadio M, Scheidt RA, Mrotek LA. Spatial and temporal influences on discrimination of vibrotactile stimuli on the arm. Exp Brain Res. 2019 Aug;237(8):2075-2086. doi: 10.1007/s00221-019-05564-5. Epub 2019 Jun 7.</citation>
    <PMID>31175382</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Shah VA, Casadio M, Scheidt RA, Mrotek LA. Vibration Propagation on the Skin of the Arm. Appl Sci (Basel). 2019 Oct 2;9(20):4329. doi: 10.3390/app9204329. Epub 2019 Oct 15.</citation>
    <PMID>34621542</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jayasinghe SAL, Sarlegna FR, Scheidt RA, Sainburg RL. The neural foundations of handedness: insights from a rare case of deafferentation. J Neurophysiol. 2020 Jul 1;124(1):259-267. doi: 10.1152/jn.00150.2020. Epub 2020 Jun 24.</citation>
    <PMID>32579409</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ballardini G, Krueger A, Giannoni P, Marinelli L, Casadio M, Scheidt RA. Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Supplemental Vibrotactile Kinesthetic Feedback on Goal-Directed Movements after Stroke: A Proof of Concept Case Series. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Feb 22;21(4):1519. doi: 10.3390/s21041519.</citation>
    <PMID>33671643</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jayasinghe SAL, Scheidt RA, Sainburg RL. Neural Control of Stopping and Stabilizing the Arm. Front Integr Neurosci. 2022 Feb 21;16:835852. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2022.835852. eCollection 2022.</citation>
    <PMID>35264934</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Suminski AJ, Doudlah RC, Scheidt RA. Neural Correlates of Multisensory Integration for Feedback Stabilization of the Wrist. Front Integr Neurosci. 2022 May 6;16:815750. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2022.815750. eCollection 2022.</citation>
    <PMID>35600223</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Pomplun E, Thomas A, Corrigan E, Shah VA, Mrotek LA, Scheidt RA. Vibrotactile Perception for Sensorimotor Augmentation: Perceptual Discrimination of Vibrotactile Stimuli Induced by Low-Cost Eccentric Rotating Mass Motors at Different Body Locations in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults. Front Rehabil Sci. 2022 Jul 1;3:895036. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2022.895036. eCollection 2022.</citation>
    <PMID>36188929</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Shah VA, Thomas A, Mrotek LA, Casadio M, Scheidt RA. Extended training improves the accuracy and efficiency of goal-directed reaching guided by supplemental kinesthetic vibrotactile feedback. Exp Brain Res. 2023 Feb;241(2):479-493. doi: 10.1007/s00221-022-06533-1. Epub 2022 Dec 28.</citation>
    <PMID>36576510</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>June 2023</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>September 22, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>September 26, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">October 2, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>June 5, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>June 5, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">June 7, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>stroke</keyword>
  <keyword>proprioception</keyword>
  <keyword>sensory substitution</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Stroke</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Somatosensory Disorders</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298243
org study id: HR-3303
secondary id: 1R15HD093086
nct id: NCT03298243
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Supplementing or augmenting sensory information to those who have lost proprioception after
      stroke could help improve functional control of the arm. Thirty subjects will be recruited to
      a single site to evaluate the ability of supplemental kinesthetic feedback (a form of
      vibrotactile stimulation) to improve motor function. Participants will be tested in
      performing reaching movements as well as more functional tasks such as simulated drinking
      from a glass
This study has two distinct aims to be addressed in a longitudinal study spanning 24 days.

      Aim 1 tests the hypothesis that stroke survivors can improve motor control of their
      contralesional arm through extended training with supplemental kinesthetic feedback applied
      to the non-moving arm and hand.

      Aim 2 tests the hypothesis that extended training with supplemental kinesthetic feedback can
      lead to new skills that generalize to untrained reach-to-grasp actions like reaching for a
      water glass or a book on a shelf.

      Day 1: Participants complete baseline tests of cognitive performance over several domains,
      including psychomotor speed (e.g., Symbol Digit Modalities Test; Digit Copy Test), memory
      (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), cognitive
      flexibility/attention shifting (Trail-Making Test B; Wisconsin Card Sort Test), spatial
      processing (Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure copy test), and action selection/inhibition. (the
      go, no-go, and stop signal tests).

      Day 2: Participants complete baseline tests of sensorimotor impairment and function. Tests of
      sensorimotor impairment include the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the
      contralesional arm, two-point discrimination, vibration sensation using a 128 Hz tuning fork,
      and a robotic test of proprioception in both arms. Motor function in the contralesional arm
      will be assessed using the Jamar grip strength assessment and the Wolf Motor Function Test.

      Day 3: We will test the subjects on their naïve capability to use a 3-Degree-Of-Freedom
      (3-DOF) vibrotactile display to guide supported (but unconstrained) 3D movements mimicking
      reach-to-grasp actions like reaching for a water glass or a book on a shelf. The vibrotactile
      display will provide supplemental kinesthetic feedback of limb movement.

      Days 4-23: These 20 sessions train participants on the use of of supplemental kinesthetic
      feedback of limb movement. We will test two groups of 15 stroke survivors each. Subjects will
      use supplemental vibrotactile feedback to guide goal-directed reach-to-grasp movements to
      targets presented visually in 3D space. Individuals assigned to the PROGRESSIVE TRAINING
      group will practice for several days on interpreting feedback along just one dimension of
      movement before training to interpret 2 dimensions of feedback. they will conclude training
      by training to interpret 3D vibrotactile feedback. Individuals assigned to the 3D TRAINING
      group will only train on the full 3D feedback system.

      Day 24: We will re-test the subjects on their capability to use a 3-DOF vibrotactile display
      to guide supported (but unconstrained) 3D movements mimicking reach-to-grasp actions like
      reaching for a water glass or a book on a shelf.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Aims 1 and 2: Parallel-group longitudinal study. Participants will practice reaching to locations in front of them using vibrotactile feedback to guide the precision of the movements. For one group, the tasks will be organized to slowly become more difficult as practice continues. For the other group, the training will only involve the more difficult task. Subjects will be asked to perform simulated tasks of daily living at the beginning or end of practice to test transfer of the vibrotactile training/learning.
primary purpose: Basic Science
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Root Mean Square Kinematic Error
time frame: across experimental sessions spanning a typical time frame of 4 to 6 weeks
description: orthogonal distance between target and hand position during reaching and stabilizing
arm group label: Stroke Cohort - Progressive Training
arm group type: Experimental
description: Aim 1 intervention: Vibrotactile stimulation. Progressive training from simple to more complex reaching task using vibrotactile feedback to guide performance
arm group label: Stroke Cohort - Whole Task Training
arm group type: Experimental
description: Aim2 intervention: Vibrotactile stimulation. Training on only the more complex reaching task using vibrotactile feedback to guide performance
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Vibrotactile stimulation
description: Non-invasive, computer-controlled miniature tendon vibrators, similar to those used in off-the-shelf activity monitors.
arm group label: Stroke Cohort - Progressive Training
arm group label: Stroke Cohort - Whole Task Training
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 21 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Robert A Scheidt, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Marquette University
last name: Robert A Scheidt, PhD
phone: (414)288-6124
email: robert.scheidt@marquette.edu
last name: Kimberly D Bassindale, DPT
phone: (414)288-6184
email: kimberly.bassindale@marquette.edu
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
contact backup: 
country: United States
citation: Krueger AR, Giannoni P, Shah V, Casadio M, Scheidt RA. Supplemental vibrotactile feedback control of stabilization and reaching actions of the arm using limb state and position error encodings. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2017 May 2;14(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12984-017-0248-8. Erratum In: J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2017 Jul 10;14 (1):69.
PMID: 28464891
citation: Risi N, Shah V, Mrotek LA, Casadio M, Scheidt RA. Supplemental vibrotactile feedback of real-time limb position enhances precision of goal-directed reaching. J Neurophysiol. 2019 Jul 1;122(1):22-38. doi: 10.1152/jn.00337.2018. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
PMID: 30995149
citation: Shah VA, Casadio M, Scheidt RA, Mrotek LA. Spatial and temporal influences on discrimination of vibrotactile stimuli on the arm. Exp Brain Res. 2019 Aug;237(8):2075-2086. doi: 10.1007/s00221-019-05564-5. Epub 2019 Jun 7.
PMID: 31175382
citation: Shah VA, Casadio M, Scheidt RA, Mrotek LA. Vibration Propagation on the Skin of the Arm. Appl Sci (Basel). 2019 Oct 2;9(20):4329. doi: 10.3390/app9204329. Epub 2019 Oct 15.
PMID: 34621542
citation: Jayasinghe SAL, Sarlegna FR, Scheidt RA, Sainburg RL. The neural foundations of handedness: insights from a rare case of deafferentation. J Neurophysiol. 2020 Jul 1;124(1):259-267. doi: 10.1152/jn.00150.2020. Epub 2020 Jun 24.
PMID: 32579409
citation: Ballardini G, Krueger A, Giannoni P, Marinelli L, Casadio M, Scheidt RA. Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Supplemental Vibrotactile Kinesthetic Feedback on Goal-Directed Movements after Stroke: A Proof of Concept Case Series. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Feb 22;21(4):1519. doi: 10.3390/s21041519.
PMID: 33671643
citation: Jayasinghe SAL, Scheidt RA, Sainburg RL. Neural Control of Stopping and Stabilizing the Arm. Front Integr Neurosci. 2022 Feb 21;16:835852. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2022.835852. eCollection 2022.
PMID: 35264934
citation: Suminski AJ, Doudlah RC, Scheidt RA. Neural Correlates of Multisensory Integration for Feedback Stabilization of the Wrist. Front Integr Neurosci. 2022 May 6;16:815750. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2022.815750. eCollection 2022.
PMID: 35600223
citation: Pomplun E, Thomas A, Corrigan E, Shah VA, Mrotek LA, Scheidt RA. Vibrotactile Perception for Sensorimotor Augmentation: Perceptual Discrimination of Vibrotactile Stimuli Induced by Low-Cost Eccentric Rotating Mass Motors at Different Body Locations in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults. Front Rehabil Sci. 2022 Jul 1;3:895036. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2022.895036. eCollection 2022.
PMID: 36188929
citation: Shah VA, Thomas A, Mrotek LA, Casadio M, Scheidt RA. Extended training improves the accuracy and efficiency of goal-directed reaching guided by supplemental kinesthetic vibrotactile feedback. Exp Brain Res. 2023 Feb;241(2):479-493. doi: 10.1007/s00221-022-06533-1. Epub 2022 Dec 28.
PMID: 36576510
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Stroke
mesh term: Somatosensory Disorders
sharing ipd: No