<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03281499</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>FIND Trial</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03281499</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Transoral Robotic Surgery and Tailored Radiotherapy in Unknown Primary and Small Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer</brief_title>
  <acronym>FIND</acronym>
  <official_title>A Pilot Study Integrating Transoral Robotic Surgery, Histopathologic Localization, and Tailored De-Intensification of Radiotherapy for Unknown Primary and Small Oropharyngeal Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma(FIND Trial)</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University Health Network, Toronto</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University Health Network, Toronto</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    <is_us_export>No</is_us_export>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) to&#xD;
      identify small oropharyngeal carcinomas. Findings from this study will be used to better&#xD;
      determine which patients may be suitable for more targeted radiotherapy that would lead to a&#xD;
      reduction in the total amount of radiotherapy needed as part of their treatment. Reducing the&#xD;
      amount of radiotherapy received has been found to reduce the risk of late complications and&#xD;
      toxicity to the patient.The pathologic findings will then be used to determine patients who&#xD;
      may be candidates for de-intensification of radiotherapy.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Patients who present with carcinomas of unknown primary site (CUP) of the head and neck&#xD;
      represent a challenging problem for clinicians both from a diagnostic and therapeutic&#xD;
      perspective. Traditional techniques for identification of primary tumors involved a Positron&#xD;
      Emission Tomography scan (PET)/ computerized tomography scan(CT) followed by examination&#xD;
      under anesthesia with biopsies of the nasopharynx, tongue base, piriform sinuses in&#xD;
      conjunction with a tonsillectomy may identify as many as 44% of primary tumors, the remaining&#xD;
      unidentified tumors are treated with mucosal irradiation to all high risk mucosal sites. The&#xD;
      addition of a lingual tonsillectomy with Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) may identify almost&#xD;
      70% of primary tumours that have otherwise escaped initial identification at this timepoint,.&#xD;
      Historically, for those whose primary would not be discovered at the PET/CT, the discovery&#xD;
      would have been made later during follow up visits.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The investigators propose to integrate Transoral Robotic Surgery into the diagnostic&#xD;
      evaluation of participants presenting with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma to the neck of&#xD;
      unknown primary origin. The investigators will localize small hidden oropharyngeal&#xD;
      carcinomas, determine their laterality, and based on the laterality of the tumour, laterality&#xD;
      of neck nodes, and completeness of resection, will offer reduced radiotherapy to the primary&#xD;
      site and/or to the neck (de-intensification)to the participant. The investigators hypothesize&#xD;
      that this approach to unknown primary carcinomas will be both safe and effective.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">August 15, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">July 19, 2022</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">July 19, 2022</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>N/A</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Single Group Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>There will only be a single group of participants in this study</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
    <masking_description>No masking will be used in this study for both participants and the study team</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Determination of the rate of out-of-field failures following treatment</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>The primary outcome for the study is to determine the rate of out-of-field failures following treatment as determined by use of morphologic imaging (contrast enhanced CT or MRI of the head) and confirmed by biopsy.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Adverse Events (AE) monitoring</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>To determine the profile of TORS related complications and Surgical Adverse Events within 30 days of surgery using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) for Adverse Events (NCI CTC-AE v 4.0)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Determination of proportions of occult oropharyngeal cancers identified</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>To determine the proportion of patients with occult oropharyngeal cancers identified</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Location of primary tumours identified through enumeration of patients in each identified site group</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>To determine the location of primary tumours identified through enumeration of patients in each identified site group. The study data will be sorted by location of primary tumour and the proportions for each location calculated</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Determination of the proportion of patients with completely resected primary tumours</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>To determine the location of primary tumours identified, the proportion of patients with primary oropharyngeal carcinomas completely resected (with negative margins), and the proportion of patients amenable to de-intensification treatment (ie, patients who receive no radiotherapy to the primary site and/or unilateral neck radiotherapy).</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Determination of the proportion of patients patients amenable to de-intensification treatment</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>Determination of the proportion of patients patients amenable to de-intensification treatment</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Exploration of expert rated swallowing impairment</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>To explore expert rated swallowing impairment on video fluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) using the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment (MBS-Imp)instrument tool 2 years</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Exploration of patient reported swallowing related quality of life</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>To explore patient reported swallowing related quality of life using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Exploration of speech and swallowing performance status</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>To explore observer rated speech and swallowing using the Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck (PSS-HN) instrument</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Exploration of patient reported neck impairment</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>To explore patient reported neck impairment using the Neck Dissection Impairment Index (NDII) instrument</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Determination of patterns of failure by location</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>To determine patterns of failure by location (local, regional, distant) as determined by CT/MRI of the Head and Neck and/or biopsy.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Rates of survival after treatment</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>To determine rates of survival at 2 years</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>1</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">22</enrollment>
  <condition>Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>da Vinci Surgical System Model IS4000</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Transoral robotic surgery, followed by tailored radiotherapy</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>da Vinci Surgical System Model IS4000</intervention_name>
    <description>tailored radiotherapy regimen following transoral robotic surgery</description>
    <arm_group_label>da Vinci Surgical System Model IS4000</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>tailored radiotherapy regimen</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Age &gt;= 18&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (T0,N1-3,M0) to at least one regional lymph node of&#xD;
             the neck (includes N1-N3) based on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, core biopsy,&#xD;
             excisional biopsy, or neck dissection&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Ability to understand and willing to sign a written informed consent document&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Women of child-producing potential must agree to use effective contraceptive methods&#xD;
             prior to study entry, during study participation, and for at least 30 days after the&#xD;
             last administration of study medication.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Evidence of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma by one or more of the following methods:&#xD;
             endoscopic examination, imaging, positive nasopharyngeal biopsy or core lymph node&#xD;
             biopsy staining for Epstein Barr Encoded RNA (EBER) by In Situ Hybridization.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Prior non-cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Prior head and neck radiotherapy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of neck dissection - contralateral to the side of the nodal disease&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Presence of lymphadenopathy on CT unlikely to originate from a primary oropharyngeal&#xD;
             carcinoma (i.e., parotid, isolated low (level IV/low level V)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Radiologically abnormal/enlarged retropharyngeal adenopathy.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Poor performance status (ECOG status 3 - 5)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Severe comorbidity or uncontrolled inter-current illness (i.e., unstable angina or&#xD;
             heart failure in last 6 months, myocardial infarction in last 6 months, chronic&#xD;
             obstructive pulmonary disease with exacerbations necessitating hospitalization or&#xD;
             emergency room visit in the past 3 months, history of pneumonia in the past 3 months,&#xD;
             use of home oxygen, uncorrectable coagulopathy)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Not a surgical candidate&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnancy&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>John de Almeida, MD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>University Health Network, Toronto</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Princess Margaret Cancer Centre</name>
      <address>
        <city>Toronto</city>
        <state>Ontario</state>
        <country>Canada</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Canada</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kostakoglu L, Fardanesh R, Posner M, Som P, Rao S, Park E, Doucette J, Stein EG, Gupta V, Misiukiewicz K, Genden E. Early detection of recurrent disease by FDG-PET/CT leads to management changes in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Oncologist. 2013;18(10):1108-17. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0068. Epub 2013 Sep 13.</citation>
    <PMID>24037978</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Strojan P, Ferlito A, Medina JE, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Robbins KT, Fagan JJ, Mendenhall WM, Paleri V, Silver CE, Olsen KD, Corry J, Suarez C, Rodrigo JP, Langendijk JA, Devaney KO, Kowalski LP, Hartl DM, Haigentz M Jr, Werner JA, Pellitteri PK, de Bree R, Wolf GT, Takes RP, Genden EM, Hinni ML, Mondin V, Shaha AR, Barnes L. Contemporary management of lymph node metastases from an unknown primary to the neck: I. A review of diagnostic approaches. Head Neck. 2013 Jan;35(1):123-32. doi: 10.1002/hed.21898. Epub 2011 Oct 27.</citation>
    <PMID>22034046</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rodel RM, Matthias C, Blomeyer BD, Wolff HA, Jung K, Christiansen H. Impact of distant metastasis in patients with cervical lymph node metastases from cancer of an unknown primary site. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009 Sep;118(9):662-9. doi: 10.1177/000348940911800911.</citation>
    <PMID>19810608</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Waltonen JD, Ozer E, Hall NC, Schuller DE, Agrawal A. Metastatic carcinoma of the neck of unknown primary origin: evolution and efficacy of the modern workup. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Oct;135(10):1024-9. doi: 10.1001/archoto.2009.145.</citation>
    <PMID>19841343</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jones AS, Cook JA, Phillips DE, Roland NR. Squamous carcinoma presenting as an enlarged cervical lymph node. Cancer. 1993 Sep 1;72(5):1756-61. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930901)72:53.0.co;2-5.</citation>
    <PMID>8348505</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cianchetti M, Mancuso AA, Amdur RJ, Werning JW, Kirwan J, Morris CG, Mendenhall WM. Diagnostic evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown head and neck primary site. Laryngoscope. 2009 Dec;119(12):2348-54. doi: 10.1002/lary.20638.</citation>
    <PMID>19718744</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chaturvedi AK, Anderson WF, Lortet-Tieulent J, Curado MP, Ferlay J, Franceschi S, Rosenberg PS, Bray F, Gillison ML. Worldwide trends in incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Dec 20;31(36):4550-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.50.3870. Epub 2013 Nov 18.</citation>
    <PMID>24248688</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>D'Souza G, Kreimer AR, Viscidi R, Pawlita M, Fakhry C, Koch WM, Westra WH, Gillison ML. Case-control study of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 10;356(19):1944-56. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa065497.</citation>
    <PMID>17494927</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Hernandez BY, Xiao W, Kim E, Jiang B, Goodman MT, Sibug-Saber M, Cozen W, Liu L, Lynch CF, Wentzensen N, Jordan RC, Altekruse S, Anderson WF, Rosenberg PS, Gillison ML. Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Nov 10;29(32):4294-301. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4596. Epub 2011 Oct 3.</citation>
    <PMID>21969503</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ali AN, Switchenko JM, Kim S, Kowalski J, El-Deiry MW, Beitler JJ. A model and nomogram to predict tumor site origin for squamous cell cancer confined to cervical lymph nodes. Cancer. 2014 Nov 15;120(22):3469-76. doi: 10.1002/cncr.28901. Epub 2014 Jul 24.</citation>
    <PMID>25060659</PMID>
  </reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Abuzeid WM, Bradford CR, Divi V. Transoral robotic biopsy of the tongue base: A novel paradigm in the evaluation of unknown primary tumors of the head and neck. Head Neck. 2013 Apr;35(4):E126-30. doi: 10.1002/hed.21968. Epub 2011 Dec 16.</citation>
    <PMID>22180229</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>July 2023</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>August 21, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>September 12, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 13, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>July 30, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>July 30, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 1, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Carcinoma</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03281499
org study id: FIND Trial
nct id: NCT03281499
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
is us export: No
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) to
      identify small oropharyngeal carcinomas. Findings from this study will be used to better
      determine which patients may be suitable for more targeted radiotherapy that would lead to a
      reduction in the total amount of radiotherapy needed as part of their treatment. Reducing the
      amount of radiotherapy received has been found to reduce the risk of late complications and
      toxicity to the patient.The pathologic findings will then be used to determine patients who
      may be candidates for de-intensification of radiotherapy.
Patients who present with carcinomas of unknown primary site (CUP) of the head and neck
      represent a challenging problem for clinicians both from a diagnostic and therapeutic
      perspective. Traditional techniques for identification of primary tumors involved a Positron
      Emission Tomography scan (PET)/ computerized tomography scan(CT) followed by examination
      under anesthesia with biopsies of the nasopharynx, tongue base, piriform sinuses in
      conjunction with a tonsillectomy may identify as many as 44% of primary tumors, the remaining
      unidentified tumors are treated with mucosal irradiation to all high risk mucosal sites. The
      addition of a lingual tonsillectomy with Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) may identify almost
      70% of primary tumours that have otherwise escaped initial identification at this timepoint,.
      Historically, for those whose primary would not be discovered at the PET/CT, the discovery
      would have been made later during follow up visits.

      The investigators propose to integrate Transoral Robotic Surgery into the diagnostic
      evaluation of participants presenting with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma to the neck of
      unknown primary origin. The investigators will localize small hidden oropharyngeal
      carcinomas, determine their laterality, and based on the laterality of the tumour, laterality
      of neck nodes, and completeness of resection, will offer reduced radiotherapy to the primary
      site and/or to the neck (de-intensification)to the participant. The investigators hypothesize
      that this approach to unknown primary carcinomas will be both safe and effective.
allocation: N/A
intervention model: Single Group Assignment
intervention model description: There will only be a single group of participants in this study
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: None (Open Label)
masking description: No masking will be used in this study for both participants and the study team
measure: Determination of the rate of out-of-field failures following treatment
time frame: 2 years
description: The primary outcome for the study is to determine the rate of out-of-field failures following treatment as determined by use of morphologic imaging (contrast enhanced CT or MRI of the head) and confirmed by biopsy.
measure: Adverse Events (AE) monitoring
time frame: 2 years
description: To determine the profile of TORS related complications and Surgical Adverse Events within 30 days of surgery using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (CTC) for Adverse Events (NCI CTC-AE v 4.0)
measure: Determination of proportions of occult oropharyngeal cancers identified
time frame: 2 years
description: To determine the proportion of patients with occult oropharyngeal cancers identified
measure: Location of primary tumours identified through enumeration of patients in each identified site group
time frame: 2 years
description: To determine the location of primary tumours identified through enumeration of patients in each identified site group. The study data will be sorted by location of primary tumour and the proportions for each location calculated
measure: Determination of the proportion of patients with completely resected primary tumours
time frame: 2 years
description: To determine the location of primary tumours identified, the proportion of patients with primary oropharyngeal carcinomas completely resected (with negative margins), and the proportion of patients amenable to de-intensification treatment (ie, patients who receive no radiotherapy to the primary site and/or unilateral neck radiotherapy).
measure: Determination of the proportion of patients patients amenable to de-intensification treatment
time frame: 2 years
description: Determination of the proportion of patients patients amenable to de-intensification treatment
measure: Exploration of expert rated swallowing impairment
time frame: 2 years
description: To explore expert rated swallowing impairment on video fluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) using the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment (MBS-Imp)instrument tool 2 years
measure: Exploration of patient reported swallowing related quality of life
time frame: 2 years
description: To explore patient reported swallowing related quality of life using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI)
measure: Exploration of speech and swallowing performance status
time frame: 2 years
description: To explore observer rated speech and swallowing using the Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck (PSS-HN) instrument
measure: Exploration of patient reported neck impairment
time frame: 2 years
description: To explore patient reported neck impairment using the Neck Dissection Impairment Index (NDII) instrument
measure: Determination of patterns of failure by location
time frame: 2 years
description: To determine patterns of failure by location (local, regional, distant) as determined by CT/MRI of the Head and Neck and/or biopsy.
measure: Rates of survival after treatment
time frame: 2 years
description: To determine rates of survival at 2 years
arm group label: da Vinci Surgical System Model IS4000
arm group type: Experimental
description: Transoral robotic surgery, followed by tailored radiotherapy
intervention type: Other
intervention name: da Vinci Surgical System Model IS4000
description: tailored radiotherapy regimen following transoral robotic surgery
arm group label: da Vinci Surgical System Model IS4000
other name: tailored radiotherapy regimen
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: John de Almeida, MD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: University Health Network, Toronto
facility: 
country: Canada
citation: Kostakoglu L, Fardanesh R, Posner M, Som P, Rao S, Park E, Doucette J, Stein EG, Gupta V, Misiukiewicz K, Genden E. Early detection of recurrent disease by FDG-PET/CT leads to management changes in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Oncologist. 2013;18(10):1108-17. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0068. Epub 2013 Sep 13.
PMID: 24037978
citation: Strojan P, Ferlito A, Medina JE, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Robbins KT, Fagan JJ, Mendenhall WM, Paleri V, Silver CE, Olsen KD, Corry J, Suarez C, Rodrigo JP, Langendijk JA, Devaney KO, Kowalski LP, Hartl DM, Haigentz M Jr, Werner JA, Pellitteri PK, de Bree R, Wolf GT, Takes RP, Genden EM, Hinni ML, Mondin V, Shaha AR, Barnes L. Contemporary management of lymph node metastases from an unknown primary to the neck: I. A review of diagnostic approaches. Head Neck. 2013 Jan;35(1):123-32. doi: 10.1002/hed.21898. Epub 2011 Oct 27.
PMID: 22034046
citation: Rodel RM, Matthias C, Blomeyer BD, Wolff HA, Jung K, Christiansen H. Impact of distant metastasis in patients with cervical lymph node metastases from cancer of an unknown primary site. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009 Sep;118(9):662-9. doi: 10.1177/000348940911800911.
PMID: 19810608
citation: Waltonen JD, Ozer E, Hall NC, Schuller DE, Agrawal A. Metastatic carcinoma of the neck of unknown primary origin: evolution and efficacy of the modern workup. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009 Oct;135(10):1024-9. doi: 10.1001/archoto.2009.145.
PMID: 19841343
citation: Jones AS, Cook JA, Phillips DE, Roland NR. Squamous carcinoma presenting as an enlarged cervical lymph node. Cancer. 1993 Sep 1;72(5):1756-61. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930901)72:53.0.co;2-5.
PMID: 8348505
citation: Cianchetti M, Mancuso AA, Amdur RJ, Werning JW, Kirwan J, Morris CG, Mendenhall WM. Diagnostic evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown head and neck primary site. Laryngoscope. 2009 Dec;119(12):2348-54. doi: 10.1002/lary.20638.
PMID: 19718744
citation: Chaturvedi AK, Anderson WF, Lortet-Tieulent J, Curado MP, Ferlay J, Franceschi S, Rosenberg PS, Bray F, Gillison ML. Worldwide trends in incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Dec 20;31(36):4550-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.50.3870. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
PMID: 24248688
citation: D'Souza G, Kreimer AR, Viscidi R, Pawlita M, Fakhry C, Koch WM, Westra WH, Gillison ML. Case-control study of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 10;356(19):1944-56. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa065497.
PMID: 17494927
citation: Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Hernandez BY, Xiao W, Kim E, Jiang B, Goodman MT, Sibug-Saber M, Cozen W, Liu L, Lynch CF, Wentzensen N, Jordan RC, Altekruse S, Anderson WF, Rosenberg PS, Gillison ML. Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Nov 10;29(32):4294-301. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.4596. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
PMID: 21969503
citation: Ali AN, Switchenko JM, Kim S, Kowalski J, El-Deiry MW, Beitler JJ. A model and nomogram to predict tumor site origin for squamous cell cancer confined to cervical lymph nodes. Cancer. 2014 Nov 15;120(22):3469-76. doi: 10.1002/cncr.28901. Epub 2014 Jul 24.
PMID: 25060659
citation: Abuzeid WM, Bradford CR, Divi V. Transoral robotic biopsy of the tongue base: A novel paradigm in the evaluation of unknown primary tumors of the head and neck. Head Neck. 2013 Apr;35(4):E126-30. doi: 10.1002/hed.21968. Epub 2011 Dec 16.
PMID: 22180229
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Carcinoma
mesh term: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
mesh term: Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
sharing ipd: No