<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
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  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298737</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>RSRB00068408</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03298737</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Visual Attention and Eye Movements</brief_title>
  <official_title>Visual Attention and Eye Movements</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of Rochester</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Rochester</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The purpose of this study is to provide information about how the brain processes sensory&#xD;
      inputs using visual stimuli throughout various psychophysical experiments.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      This laboratory studies visual perception with a focus on the interaction between eye&#xD;
      movements and attention. It is well established that attending to a stimulus can profoundly&#xD;
      alter perception. For example, attending to a speaker at a crowded party can almost&#xD;
      completely filter background both in terms of auditory noise and visual distractions.&#xD;
      Although laboratory studies have traditionally investigated the effects of attentional&#xD;
      changes in the absence of eye movements, under natural conditions, visual attention is often&#xD;
      accompanied by orienting movements to direct our head and eyes towards the relevant objects&#xD;
      of interest. Recent work has suggested that these orienting movements affect perception in a&#xD;
      manner similar to covert attention. The proposed studies will investigate how eye movements&#xD;
      contribute to perception and attention.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The research covered by this protocol combines traditional &quot;button-press&quot; psychophysics with&#xD;
      non-invasive eye-tracking to investigate the interaction between eye movements and&#xD;
      perception. Subjects will perform simple perceptual tasks, such as judging the orientation or&#xD;
      direction of a visual stimulus, while their eye position is monitored with a video&#xD;
      eye-tracker. This approach (combining psychophysics and eye-tracking) is flexible, low risk,&#xD;
      and fast when compared with neurophysiological studies. However, by focusing on low-level&#xD;
      perceptual tasks, the results will be interpretable in the context of larger studies of&#xD;
      neurophysiological responses in the visual system.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The investigators hope that this basic research will ultimately have both applied and&#xD;
      clinical significance. For example, understanding how perception is influenced by attention&#xD;
      and eye-movements in neurotypical populations may provide non-invasive and naturalistic ways&#xD;
      to identify and diagnose psychiatric disorders. Additionally, understanding how eye-movements&#xD;
      interact with sensory encoding has the potential to improve machine learning algorithms for&#xD;
      vision and navigation (These are not a part of the current study, but a potential future&#xD;
      impact).&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">October 26, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">September 1, 2024</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">September 1, 2024</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Cohort</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Pursuit eye movements to peripheral moving stimuli</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Pursuit eye movements are smooth eye movements with slow velocities (&lt; 15 degs/sec) that track the motion of visual stimuli when they are at the center of the visual field (Madelain and Krauzlis, J. of Vision, 2003). Here we will test the prediction that pursuit eye movements begin to track the motion of the stimulus located peripherally as an eye movement moves to the stimulus. The null hypothesis is that there will be no effect of the peripheral stimulus motion on the pursuit eye movements. We will measure eye movements using an infra-red eye tracker (Arrington, Inc) from 500 or more trials collected in each session. The distribution of pursuit eye movements will be computed for each subject to evaluate if there is significant pursuit along the direction of stimulus motion around the time of the saccade. The mean per participant will be determined and group effects evaluated.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>1</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">20</enrollment>
  <condition>Vision, Ocular</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Correct to normal vision population</arm_group_label>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Covert Spatial Attention</intervention_name>
    <description>During behavioral sessions, subjects will sit in a dark room and view a video monitor placed at the minimum of 57 cm distance away from the subject. Staff will be present throughout all the testing to assist the subject and monitor equipment that is used for tracking their eye position. Subjects will be asked to maintain their heads in a stable position of rest in order to insure accurate tracking of their eye position. To stabilize their head, subjects will either use a &quot;chin rest&quot; in which they position their chin on a soft pad mounted in front of a video screen, or they may use a &quot;bite bar.&quot;</description>
    <arm_group_label>Correct to normal vision population</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        Healthy participants age 18-65 with corrected to normal vision&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Age between 18-65&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Corrected-to-normal vision&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  No known diagnosis of visual or auditory disorder or impairment&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Does not have corrected-to-normal vision&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Unable to understand and follow the instructions given of the study&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Known diagnosis of visual or auditory disorder or impairment&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>65 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Jude Mitchell, PhD</last_name>
    <phone>585-276-7865</phone>
    <email>jmitch27@ur.rochester.edu</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester</name>
      <address>
        <city>Rochester</city>
        <state>New York</state>
        <zip>14604</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Jude Mitchell, PhD</last_name>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Madelain L, Krauzlis RJ. Pursuit of the ineffable: perceptual and motor reversals during the tracking of apparent motion. J Vis. 2003 Nov 18;3(11):642-53. doi: 10.1167/3.11.1.</citation>
    <PMID>14765950</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>October 2022</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>September 20, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>September 26, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">October 2, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>October 5, 2022</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>October 5, 2022</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">October 6, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University of Rochester</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Jude Mitchell</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Assistant Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03298737
org study id: RSRB00068408
nct id: NCT03298737
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The purpose of this study is to provide information about how the brain processes sensory
      inputs using visual stimuli throughout various psychophysical experiments.
This laboratory studies visual perception with a focus on the interaction between eye
      movements and attention. It is well established that attending to a stimulus can profoundly
      alter perception. For example, attending to a speaker at a crowded party can almost
      completely filter background both in terms of auditory noise and visual distractions.
      Although laboratory studies have traditionally investigated the effects of attentional
      changes in the absence of eye movements, under natural conditions, visual attention is often
      accompanied by orienting movements to direct our head and eyes towards the relevant objects
      of interest. Recent work has suggested that these orienting movements affect perception in a
      manner similar to covert attention. The proposed studies will investigate how eye movements
      contribute to perception and attention.

      The research covered by this protocol combines traditional "button-press" psychophysics with
      non-invasive eye-tracking to investigate the interaction between eye movements and
      perception. Subjects will perform simple perceptual tasks, such as judging the orientation or
      direction of a visual stimulus, while their eye position is monitored with a video
      eye-tracker. This approach (combining psychophysics and eye-tracking) is flexible, low risk,
      and fast when compared with neurophysiological studies. However, by focusing on low-level
      perceptual tasks, the results will be interpretable in the context of larger studies of
      neurophysiological responses in the visual system.

      The investigators hope that this basic research will ultimately have both applied and
      clinical significance. For example, understanding how perception is influenced by attention
      and eye-movements in neurotypical populations may provide non-invasive and naturalistic ways
      to identify and diagnose psychiatric disorders. Additionally, understanding how eye-movements
      interact with sensory encoding has the potential to improve machine learning algorithms for
      vision and navigation (These are not a part of the current study, but a potential future
      impact).
observational model: Cohort
time perspective: Prospective
measure: Pursuit eye movements to peripheral moving stimuli
time frame: baseline
description: Pursuit eye movements are smooth eye movements with slow velocities (< 15 degs/sec) that track the motion of visual stimuli when they are at the center of the visual field (Madelain and Krauzlis, J. of Vision, 2003). Here we will test the prediction that pursuit eye movements begin to track the motion of the stimulus located peripherally as an eye movement moves to the stimulus. The null hypothesis is that there will be no effect of the peripheral stimulus motion on the pursuit eye movements. We will measure eye movements using an infra-red eye tracker (Arrington, Inc) from 500 or more trials collected in each session. The distribution of pursuit eye movements will be computed for each subject to evaluate if there is significant pursuit along the direction of stimulus motion around the time of the saccade. The mean per participant will be determined and group effects evaluated.
arm group label: Correct to normal vision population
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Covert Spatial Attention
description: During behavioral sessions, subjects will sit in a dark room and view a video monitor placed at the minimum of 57 cm distance away from the subject. Staff will be present throughout all the testing to assist the subject and monitor equipment that is used for tracking their eye position. Subjects will be asked to maintain their heads in a stable position of rest in order to insure accurate tracking of their eye position. To stabilize their head, subjects will either use a "chin rest" in which they position their chin on a soft pad mounted in front of a video screen, or they may use a "bite bar."
arm group label: Correct to normal vision population
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 65 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Jude Mitchell, PhD
phone: 585-276-7865
email: jmitch27@ur.rochester.edu
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
country: United States
citation: Madelain L, Krauzlis RJ. Pursuit of the ineffable: perceptual and motor reversals during the tracking of apparent motion. J Vis. 2003 Nov 18;3(11):642-53. doi: 10.1167/3.11.1.
PMID: 14765950
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: University of Rochester
investigator full name: Jude Mitchell
investigator title: Assistant Professor
sharing ipd: No