<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03269929</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>IndonesiaUAnes018</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03269929</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Comparison Between Efficacy of Music Therapy and Intravenous Midazolam 0.02 mg/kgBW in Reducing Preoperative Anxiety</brief_title>
  <official_title>Comparison Between Music Therapy and Intravenous Midazolam 0,02 mg/kgBW in Reducing Preoperative Anxiety: Study on Patient Undergoing Brachytherapy With Spinal Anesthesia</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Indonesia University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Indonesia University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This study aimed to compare the efficacy of music therapy and midazolam 0,02 mg/kgBW in&#xD;
      reducing preoperative anxiety on patients undergoing brachytherapy with spinal anesthesia&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Approval from Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia was acquired&#xD;
      prior conducting the study. Subjects were given informed consent before enrolling the study.&#xD;
      Intravenous (IV) cannula had been set and The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information&#xD;
      (APAIS) score questionnaire was filled by the subject. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and mean&#xD;
      arterial pressure were recorded. Subjects were then randomized into two groups (music therapy&#xD;
      and midazolam). In music therapy group, subjects listened to music using headphone attached&#xD;
      to music player for 30 minutes. Music player has been filled with variety of slow beat songs&#xD;
      (60 - 80 BPM), including instrumental, pop, jazz, classical, and so forth. In midazolam&#xD;
      group, subjects was given intravenous midazolam 0,02 mg/kgBW injection without listening to&#xD;
      music. After injection, subjects are allowed to rest or sleep for 30 minutes. After&#xD;
      intervention, APAIS score was filled by subjects with blood pressure, pulse rate, and mean&#xD;
      arterial pressure recorded again. Subjects then were moved to brachytherapy room.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 1, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">July 1, 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">March 31, 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>APAIS score</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 1</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Blood pressure</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 1</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Pulse rate</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 1</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Mean Arterial Pressure</measure>
    <time_frame>Day 1</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">60</enrollment>
  <condition>Cancer</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Music therapy</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Midazolam</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Music therapy</intervention_name>
    <description>Subjects listened to music for 30 minutes before undergoing brachytherapy with spinal anesthesia</description>
    <arm_group_label>Music therapy</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Midazolam</intervention_name>
    <description>Subjects received intravenous midazolam 0,02 mg/kgBW injection before undergoing brachytherapy with spinal anesthesia</description>
    <arm_group_label>Midazolam</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Woman aged 18-65 years old&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Undergoing one day care brachtherapy with spinal anesthesia&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status of I-III&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Agreed to participate in this study and signed informed consent&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Able to read, write, and speak in Indonesian language.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subjects with severe hearing impairment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subjects with cognitive/mental impairment based on medical record&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subjects with previous routine use of antipsychotic and benzodiazepine drug&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Subjects with prior heart disease or uncontrolled hypertension.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Female</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>65 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Cipto Mangunkusumo Central National Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Central Jakarta</city>
        <state>DKI Jakarta</state>
        <zip>10430</zip>
        <country>Indonesia</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Indonesia</country>
  </location_countries>
  <link>
    <url>http://jass.neuro.wisc.edu/2011/01/Effects%20of%20music%20tempos%20on%20blood%20pressure,%20heart%20rate,%20and%20skin%20conductance%20after%20physical%20exertion.pdf</url>
    <description>15. Armon R, Fisher A, Goldfarb B, Milton C. Effects of music tempos on blood pressure, heart rate, and skin conductance after.</description>
  </link>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mohd Fahmi Z, Lai LL, Loh PS. Validation of the Malay version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Med J Malaysia. 2015 Aug;70(4):243-8.</citation>
    <PMID>26358022</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Caumo W, Schmidt AP, Schneider CN, Bergmann J, Iwamoto CW, Bandeira D, Ferreira MB. Risk factors for preoperative anxiety in adults. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001 Mar;45(3):298-307. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045003298.x.</citation>
    <PMID>11207465</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hyde R, Bryden F, Asbury AJ. How would patients prefer to spend the waiting time before their operations? Anaesthesia. 1998 Feb;53(2):192-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00268.x.</citation>
    <PMID>9534647</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bradt J, Dileo C, Shim M. Music interventions for preoperative anxiety. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 6;2013(6):CD006908. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006908.pub2.</citation>
    <PMID>23740695</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wright KD, Stewart SH, Finley GA, Buffett-Jerrott SE. Prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate preoperative anxiety in children: a critical review. Behav Modif. 2007 Jan;31(1):52-79. doi: 10.1177/0145445506295055.</citation>
    <PMID>17179531</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Griffin CE 3rd, Kaye AM, Bueno FR, Kaye AD. Benzodiazepine pharmacology and central nervous system-mediated effects. Ochsner J. 2013 Summer;13(2):214-23.</citation>
    <PMID>23789008</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Sun GC, Hsu MC, Chia YY, Chen PY, Shaw FZ. Effects of age and gender on intravenous midazolam premedication: a randomized double-blind study. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Nov;101(5):632-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen251. Epub 2008 Sep 4.</citation>
    <PMID>18772216</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kain ZN, Sevarino F, Pincus S, Alexander GM, Wang SM, Ayoub C, Kosarussavadi B. Attenuation of the preoperative stress response with midazolam: effects on postoperative outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2000 Jul;93(1):141-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200007000-00024.</citation>
    <PMID>10861157</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Marwick C. Music therapists chime in with data on medical results. JAMA. 2000 Feb 9;283(6):731-3. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>10683042</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kamer S, Ozsaran Z, Celik O, Bildik O, Yalman D, Bolukbasi Y, Haydaroglu A. Evaluation of anxiety levels during intracavitary brachytherapy applications in women with gynecological malignancies. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2007;28(2):121-4.</citation>
    <PMID>17479673</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wetsch WA, Pircher I, Lederer W, Kinzl JF, Traweger C, Heinz-Erian P, Benzer A. Preoperative stress and anxiety in day-care patients and inpatients undergoing fast-track surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Aug;103(2):199-205. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep136. Epub 2009 May 30. Erratum In: Br J Anaesth. 2010 Dec;105(6):878.</citation>
    <PMID>19483203</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mitchell M. Influence of gender and anaesthesia type on day surgery anxiety. J Adv Nurs. 2012 May;68(5):1014-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05801.x. Epub 2011 Aug 2.</citation>
    <PMID>21806671</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cooke M, Chaboyer W, Schluter P, Hiratos M. The effect of music on preoperative anxiety in day surgery. J Adv Nurs. 2005 Oct;52(1):47-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03563.x.</citation>
    <PMID>16149980</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bringman H, Giesecke K, Thorne A, Bringman S. Relaxing music as pre-medication before surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009 Jul;53(6):759-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01969.x. Epub 2009 Apr 14.</citation>
    <PMID>19388893</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Leardi S, Pietroletti R, Angeloni G, Necozione S, Ranalletta G, Del Gusto B. Randomized clinical trial examining the effect of music therapy in stress response to day surgery. Br J Surg. 2007 Aug;94(8):943-7. doi: 10.1002/bjs.5914.</citation>
    <PMID>17636513</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bishop SJ. Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: an integrative account. Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Jul;11(7):307-16. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.008. Epub 2007 Jun 5.</citation>
    <PMID>17553730</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nigussie S, Belachew T, Wolancho W. Predictors of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients in Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital, South Western Ethiopia. BMC Surg. 2014 Sep 5;14:67. doi: 10.1186/1471-2482-14-67.</citation>
    <PMID>25189274</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ploghaus A, Narain C, Beckmann CF, Clare S, Bantick S, Wise R, Matthews PM, Rawlins JN, Tracey I. Exacerbation of pain by anxiety is associated with activity in a hippocampal network. J Neurosci. 2001 Dec 15;21(24):9896-903. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-24-09896.2001.</citation>
    <PMID>11739597</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Moerman N, van Dam FS, Muller MJ, Oosting H. The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Anesth Analg. 1996 Mar;82(3):445-51. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199603000-00002.</citation>
    <PMID>8623940</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kupietzky A, Houpt MI. Midazolam: a review of its use for conscious sedation of children. Pediatr Dent. 1993 Jul-Aug;15(4):237-41. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>8247896</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nordt SP, Clark RF. Midazolam: a review of therapeutic uses and toxicity. J Emerg Med. 1997 May-Jun;15(3):357-65. doi: 10.1016/s0736-4679(97)00022-x.</citation>
    <PMID>9258787</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Golparvar M, Saghaei M, Sajedi P, Razavi SS. Paradoxical reaction following intravenous midazolam premedication in pediatric patients - a randomized placebo controlled trial of ketamine for rapid tranquilization. Paediatr Anaesth. 2004 Nov;14(11):924-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01349.x.</citation>
    <PMID>15500492</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Dundee JW, Halliday NJ, Harper KW, Brogden RN. Midazolam. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs. 1984 Dec;28(6):519-43. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198428060-00002.</citation>
    <PMID>6394264</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kemper KJ, Danhauer SC. Music as therapy. South Med J. 2005 Mar;98(3):282-8. doi: 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000154773.11986.39.</citation>
    <PMID>15813154</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Yinger OS, Gooding L. Music therapy and music medicine for children and adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014 Jul;23(3):535-53. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 May 17.</citation>
    <PMID>24975624</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nilsson U. The anxiety- and pain-reducing effects of music interventions: a systematic review. AORN J. 2008 Apr;87(4):780-807. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2007.09.013.</citation>
    <PMID>18395022</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wang SM, Kulkarni L, Dolev J, Kain ZN. Music and preoperative anxiety: a randomized, controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2002 Jun;94(6):1489-94, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200206000-00021.</citation>
    <PMID>12032013</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>August 2017</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>July 19, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 30, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 1, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 30, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 30, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 1, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Indonesia University</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Christopher Kapuangan</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Anesthesiologist</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Midazolam</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03269929
org study id: IndonesiaUAnes018
nct id: NCT03269929
lead sponsor: 
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of music therapy and midazolam 0,02 mg/kgBW in
      reducing preoperative anxiety on patients undergoing brachytherapy with spinal anesthesia
Approval from Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia was acquired
      prior conducting the study. Subjects were given informed consent before enrolling the study.
      Intravenous (IV) cannula had been set and The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information
      (APAIS) score questionnaire was filled by the subject. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and mean
      arterial pressure were recorded. Subjects were then randomized into two groups (music therapy
      and midazolam). In music therapy group, subjects listened to music using headphone attached
      to music player for 30 minutes. Music player has been filled with variety of slow beat songs
      (60 - 80 BPM), including instrumental, pop, jazz, classical, and so forth. In midazolam
      group, subjects was given intravenous midazolam 0,02 mg/kgBW injection without listening to
      music. After injection, subjects are allowed to rest or sleep for 30 minutes. After
      intervention, APAIS score was filled by subjects with blood pressure, pulse rate, and mean
      arterial pressure recorded again. Subjects then were moved to brachytherapy room.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Supportive Care
masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
measure: APAIS score
time frame: Day 1
measure: Blood pressure
time frame: Day 1
measure: Pulse rate
time frame: Day 1
measure: Mean Arterial Pressure
time frame: Day 1
arm group label: Music therapy
arm group type: Experimental
arm group label: Midazolam
arm group type: Active Comparator
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Music therapy
description: Subjects listened to music for 30 minutes before undergoing brachytherapy with spinal anesthesia
arm group label: Music therapy
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Midazolam
description: Subjects received intravenous midazolam 0,02 mg/kgBW injection before undergoing brachytherapy with spinal anesthesia
arm group label: Midazolam
criteria: 
gender: Female
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 65 Years
healthy volunteers: No
facility: 
country: Indonesia
url: http://jass.neuro.wisc.edu/2011/01/Effects%20of%20music%20tempos%20on%20blood%20pressure,%20heart%20rate,%20and%20skin%20conductance%20after%20physical%20exertion.pdf
description: 15. Armon R, Fisher A, Goldfarb B, Milton C. Effects of music tempos on blood pressure, heart rate, and skin conductance after.
citation: Mohd Fahmi Z, Lai LL, Loh PS. Validation of the Malay version of the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Med J Malaysia. 2015 Aug;70(4):243-8.
PMID: 26358022
citation: Caumo W, Schmidt AP, Schneider CN, Bergmann J, Iwamoto CW, Bandeira D, Ferreira MB. Risk factors for preoperative anxiety in adults. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001 Mar;45(3):298-307. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045003298.x.
PMID: 11207465
citation: Hyde R, Bryden F, Asbury AJ. How would patients prefer to spend the waiting time before their operations? Anaesthesia. 1998 Feb;53(2):192-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00268.x.
PMID: 9534647
citation: Bradt J, Dileo C, Shim M. Music interventions for preoperative anxiety. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 6;2013(6):CD006908. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006908.pub2.
PMID: 23740695
citation: Wright KD, Stewart SH, Finley GA, Buffett-Jerrott SE. Prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate preoperative anxiety in children: a critical review. Behav Modif. 2007 Jan;31(1):52-79. doi: 10.1177/0145445506295055.
PMID: 17179531
citation: Griffin CE 3rd, Kaye AM, Bueno FR, Kaye AD. Benzodiazepine pharmacology and central nervous system-mediated effects. Ochsner J. 2013 Summer;13(2):214-23.
PMID: 23789008
citation: Sun GC, Hsu MC, Chia YY, Chen PY, Shaw FZ. Effects of age and gender on intravenous midazolam premedication: a randomized double-blind study. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Nov;101(5):632-9. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen251. Epub 2008 Sep 4.
PMID: 18772216
citation: Kain ZN, Sevarino F, Pincus S, Alexander GM, Wang SM, Ayoub C, Kosarussavadi B. Attenuation of the preoperative stress response with midazolam: effects on postoperative outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2000 Jul;93(1):141-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200007000-00024.
PMID: 10861157
citation: Marwick C. Music therapists chime in with data on medical results. JAMA. 2000 Feb 9;283(6):731-3. No abstract available.
PMID: 10683042
citation: Kamer S, Ozsaran Z, Celik O, Bildik O, Yalman D, Bolukbasi Y, Haydaroglu A. Evaluation of anxiety levels during intracavitary brachytherapy applications in women with gynecological malignancies. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2007;28(2):121-4.
PMID: 17479673
citation: Wetsch WA, Pircher I, Lederer W, Kinzl JF, Traweger C, Heinz-Erian P, Benzer A. Preoperative stress and anxiety in day-care patients and inpatients undergoing fast-track surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Aug;103(2):199-205. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep136. Epub 2009 May 30. Erratum In: Br J Anaesth. 2010 Dec;105(6):878.
PMID: 19483203
citation: Mitchell M. Influence of gender and anaesthesia type on day surgery anxiety. J Adv Nurs. 2012 May;68(5):1014-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05801.x. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
PMID: 21806671
citation: Cooke M, Chaboyer W, Schluter P, Hiratos M. The effect of music on preoperative anxiety in day surgery. J Adv Nurs. 2005 Oct;52(1):47-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03563.x.
PMID: 16149980
citation: Bringman H, Giesecke K, Thorne A, Bringman S. Relaxing music as pre-medication before surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009 Jul;53(6):759-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01969.x. Epub 2009 Apr 14.
PMID: 19388893
citation: Leardi S, Pietroletti R, Angeloni G, Necozione S, Ranalletta G, Del Gusto B. Randomized clinical trial examining the effect of music therapy in stress response to day surgery. Br J Surg. 2007 Aug;94(8):943-7. doi: 10.1002/bjs.5914.
PMID: 17636513
citation: Bishop SJ. Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: an integrative account. Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Jul;11(7):307-16. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.008. Epub 2007 Jun 5.
PMID: 17553730
citation: Nigussie S, Belachew T, Wolancho W. Predictors of preoperative anxiety among surgical patients in Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital, South Western Ethiopia. BMC Surg. 2014 Sep 5;14:67. doi: 10.1186/1471-2482-14-67.
PMID: 25189274
citation: Ploghaus A, Narain C, Beckmann CF, Clare S, Bantick S, Wise R, Matthews PM, Rawlins JN, Tracey I. Exacerbation of pain by anxiety is associated with activity in a hippocampal network. J Neurosci. 2001 Dec 15;21(24):9896-903. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-24-09896.2001.
PMID: 11739597
citation: Moerman N, van Dam FS, Muller MJ, Oosting H. The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Anesth Analg. 1996 Mar;82(3):445-51. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199603000-00002.
PMID: 8623940
citation: Kupietzky A, Houpt MI. Midazolam: a review of its use for conscious sedation of children. Pediatr Dent. 1993 Jul-Aug;15(4):237-41. No abstract available.
PMID: 8247896
citation: Nordt SP, Clark RF. Midazolam: a review of therapeutic uses and toxicity. J Emerg Med. 1997 May-Jun;15(3):357-65. doi: 10.1016/s0736-4679(97)00022-x.
PMID: 9258787
citation: Golparvar M, Saghaei M, Sajedi P, Razavi SS. Paradoxical reaction following intravenous midazolam premedication in pediatric patients - a randomized placebo controlled trial of ketamine for rapid tranquilization. Paediatr Anaesth. 2004 Nov;14(11):924-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01349.x.
PMID: 15500492
citation: Dundee JW, Halliday NJ, Harper KW, Brogden RN. Midazolam. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs. 1984 Dec;28(6):519-43. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198428060-00002.
PMID: 6394264
citation: Kemper KJ, Danhauer SC. Music as therapy. South Med J. 2005 Mar;98(3):282-8. doi: 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000154773.11986.39.
PMID: 15813154
citation: Yinger OS, Gooding L. Music therapy and music medicine for children and adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014 Jul;23(3):535-53. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2013.03.003. Epub 2013 May 17.
PMID: 24975624
citation: Nilsson U. The anxiety- and pain-reducing effects of music interventions: a systematic review. AORN J. 2008 Apr;87(4):780-807. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2007.09.013.
PMID: 18395022
citation: Wang SM, Kulkarni L, Dolev J, Kain ZN. Music and preoperative anxiety: a randomized, controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2002 Jun;94(6):1489-94, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200206000-00021.
PMID: 12032013
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Indonesia University
investigator full name: Christopher Kapuangan
investigator title: Anesthesiologist
mesh term: Midazolam
sharing ipd: Undecided