<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03254797</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>PHD/0194/2557</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03254797</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Stepping Training Using External Feedback in Spinal Cord Injury Patients</brief_title>
  <official_title>Effects of Stepping Training With External Feedback on Walking and Functional Ability in Ambulatory Patients With Spinal Cord Injury</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Khon Kaen University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Khon Kaen University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Does a 4-week stepping training program with or without external feedback clinically change&#xD;
      functional ability and reduce risk of fall of ambulatory patients with iSCI?&#xD;
&#xD;
      Are there significant differences between 4-weeks stepping training with or without external&#xD;
      feedback in ambulatory patients with iSCI?&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      To compare effects of 4-week stepping training with or without external feedback on&#xD;
      functional ability and incidence of falls in ambulatory patients with iSCI (between-group&#xD;
      comparison).&#xD;
&#xD;
      To compare the change of functional ability in a group of 4-week stepping training with or&#xD;
      without the utility of external feedback (within-group comparison).&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">August 20, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">March 20, 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">September 20, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking stability using Timed up and go test [TUGT]</measure>
    <time_frame>prior to training, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and 6 months after complete the training program</time_frame>
    <description>The test was designed to measure mobility and dynamic balance control related to walking. Subjects will be instructed to stand up from a standard chair, walk at a fastest and safe speed for 3 meters, turn around a traffic cone, walk back and sit down on the chair with or without a walking device. Then the average time required for the 3 trials will be recorded.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking speed using 10 meter walk test (10MWT)</measure>
    <time_frame>prior to training, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and 6 months after complete the training program</time_frame>
    <description>The test measures walking speed. Subjects will be instructed to walk at a prefer speed and fastest speed along a 10 meters walkway with or without walking device. The video recording will be captured over the 4 meters in the middle walkway in order to minimize acceleration and deceleration effects. Then the data will be converted to a walking speed using a formula; (v = s/t)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of lower limb muscle strength using Five times sit-to-stand [FTSST]</measure>
    <time_frame>prior to training, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and 6 months after complete the training program</time_frame>
    <description>The test has used to quantify lower extremity motor strength. The time taken to complete 5 chair-rise cycles at a fastest and safe speed will be recorded for each subject. Then the average time required for the 3 trials will be used for data analysis.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change of walking endurance using 6 minute walk test (6MWT)</measure>
    <time_frame>prior to training, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and 6 months after complete the training program</time_frame>
    <description>The test measures the longest walking distance in 6 minute to reflect the responses of the cardiopulmonary and muscular systems. Subjects will be instructed to walk along a rectangular walkway as long as they can with a safety speed. They can walk with or without walking device in 6 minutes and are able to take a resting period as needed and continuing to walk. The distance covered after 6 minutes will be recorded.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">44</enrollment>
  <condition>Spinal Cord Injuries</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Stepping training with feedback</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Subjects will be instructed to perform the stepping task with external feedback continuously until 20 minutes (excluding resting periods) but without fatigue. Then they continue a training program of overground walking for 10 minutes.&#xD;
They have to be involved in a training program of their groups 5 times/week, for 4 weeks in total.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Stepping training without feedback</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Subjects will be instructed to perform the stepping task without external feedback continuously until 20 minutes (excluding resting periods) but without fatigue. Then they continue a training program of overground walking for 10 minutes.&#xD;
They have to be involved in a training program of their groups 5 times/week, for 4 weeks in total.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Stepping training with feedback</intervention_name>
    <description>Subjects stand in a step standing position with placing one leg on the load cells of the device and the other leg at the posterolateral direction to the trained leg outside the load cells, look at the displayed section which will be positioned at their eye level. Then subjects will be instructed to shift/take their body-weight onto the trained leg until the green zone of the displayed section is lightened. When the subjects can take a proper level of their body-weight onto the trained leg, the beep sound will be alarmed to trigger the subjects and therapist that the subjects can step the other leg forward to the marker. Then they have to do the same when steps the leg backward.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Stepping training with feedback</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Stepping training without feedback</intervention_name>
    <description>Subjects stand in a step standing position with placing one leg on the load cells of the device and the other leg at the posterolateral direction to the trained leg outside the load cells. Then subjects will be instructed to shift/take their body-weight onto the trained leg as most as they can. If the subjects can take a proper level of their body-weight onto the trained leg, the subjects can step the other leg forward to the marker. Then they have to do the same when steps the leg backward.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Stepping training without feedback</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Independent ambulatory patients with iSCI&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Non-traumatic or traumatic causes&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Independent walking with or without assistive devices at least 17 meters (Functional&#xD;
             Independence Measure Locomotor (FIM-L) scores 5-7)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Age at least 18 years&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 - 29.9 kg/m2.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Any conditions or disorders that might affect ability to participate in the study&#xD;
             and/or ambulatory ability of the subjects such as&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Brain function disorders&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Visual deficits that cannot be corrected using glasses or contact lens&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Musculoskeletal pain (with an intensity of pain more than 5 out of 10 on a&#xD;
                  numerical rating pain scale)&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Deformity of the musculoskeletal system&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Unable to follow a command of the tests&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Unstable medical conditions&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Color blindness&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Sugalya Amatachaya</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>School of Physical Therapy, Khon Kaen University, Thailand</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Faculty of Associated Medical Science</name>
      <address>
        <city>Khon Kaen</city>
        <state>Muang</state>
        <zip>40002</zip>
        <country>Thailand</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Thailand</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ada L, Dean CM, Lindley R, Lloyd G. Improving community ambulation after stroke: the AMBULATE Trial. BMC Neurol. 2009 Feb 11;9:8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-9-8.</citation>
    <PMID>19208261</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Amatachaya S, Amatachaya P, Keawsutthi M, Siritaratiwat W. External cues benefit walking ability of ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2013 Nov;36(6):638-44. doi: 10.1179/2045772312Y.0000000086. Epub 2013 Apr 12.</citation>
    <PMID>24090447</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Amatachaya S, Keawsutthi M, Amatachaya P, Manimmanakorn N. Effects of external cues on gait performance in independent ambulatory incomplete spinal cord injury patients. Spinal Cord. 2009 Sep;47(9):668-73. doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.168. Epub 2009 Jan 13.</citation>
    <PMID>19139759</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Amatachaya S, Naewla S, Srisim K, Arrayawichanon P, Siritaratiwat W. Concurrent validity of the 10-meter walk test as compared with the 6-minute walk test in patients with spinal cord injury at various levels of ability. Spinal Cord. 2014 Apr;52(4):333-6. doi: 10.1038/sc.2013.171. Epub 2014 Jan 21.</citation>
    <PMID>24445972</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Amatachaya S, Wannapakhe J, Arrayawichanon P, Siritarathiwat W, Wattanapun P. Functional abilities, incidences of complications and falls of patients with spinal cord injury 6 months after discharge. Spinal Cord. 2011 Apr;49(4):520-4. doi: 10.1038/sc.2010.163. Epub 2010 Dec 14.</citation>
    <PMID>21151192</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Baer G, Smith M. The recovery of walking ability and subclassification of stroke. Physiother Res Int. 2001;6(3):135-44. doi: 10.1002/pri.222.</citation>
    <PMID>11725595</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Balasubramanian CK, Bowden MG, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Relationship between step length asymmetry and walking performance in subjects with chronic hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Jan;88(1):43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.10.004.</citation>
    <PMID>17207674</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Behrman AL, Bowden MG, Nair PM. Neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury and training: an emerging paradigm shift in rehabilitation and walking recovery. Phys Ther. 2006 Oct;86(10):1406-25. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20050212.</citation>
    <PMID>17012645</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Behrman AL, Harkema SJ. Locomotor training after human spinal cord injury: a series of case studies. Phys Ther. 2000 Jul;80(7):688-700.</citation>
    <PMID>10869131</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bohannon RW. Manual muscle testing: does it meet the standards of an adequate screening test? Clin Rehabil. 2005 Sep;19(6):662-7. doi: 10.1191/0269215505cr873oa.</citation>
    <PMID>16180603</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bohannon RW, Smith J, Hull D, Palmeri D, Barnhard R. Deficits in lower extremity muscle and gait performance among renal transplant candidates. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Jun;76(6):547-51. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(95)80509-5.</citation>
    <PMID>7763154</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Brotherton SS, Krause JS, Nietert PJ. A pilot study of factors associated with falls in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2007;30(3):243-50. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2007.11753932.</citation>
    <PMID>17684890</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Brotherton SS, Krause JS, Nietert PJ. Falls in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2007 Jan;45(1):37-40. doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101909. Epub 2006 Feb 21.</citation>
    <PMID>16491105</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Calancie B, Needham-Shropshire B, Jacobs P, Willer K, Zych G, Green BA. Involuntary stepping after chronic spinal cord injury. Evidence for a central rhythm generator for locomotion in man. Brain. 1994 Oct;117 ( Pt 5):1143-59. doi: 10.1093/brain/117.5.1143.</citation>
    <PMID>7953595</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Capato TT, Tornai J, Avila P, Barbosa ER, Piemonte ME. Randomized controlled trial protocol: balance training with rhythmical cues to improve and maintain balance control in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol. 2015 Sep 7;15:162. doi: 10.1186/s12883-015-0418-x.</citation>
    <PMID>26347052</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Crozier KS, Cheng LL, Graziani V, Zorn G, Herbison G, Ditunno JF Jr. Spinal cord injury: prognosis for ambulation based on quadriceps recovery. Paraplegia. 1992 Nov;30(11):762-7. doi: 10.1038/sc.1992.147.</citation>
    <PMID>1484726</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Dobkin BH. Neuroplasticity. Key to recovery after central nervous system injury. West J Med. 1993 Jul;159(1):56-60.</citation>
    <PMID>8351906</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Graham JE, Ostir GV, Fisher SR, Ottenbacher KJ. Assessing walking speed in clinical research: a systematic review. J Eval Clin Pract. 2008 Aug;14(4):552-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2007.00917.x. Epub 2008 May 2.</citation>
    <PMID>18462283</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jackson AB, Carnel CT, Ditunno JF, Read MS, Boninger ML, Schmeler MR, Williams SR, Donovan WH; Gait and Ambulation Subcommittee. Outcome measures for gait and ambulation in the spinal cord injury population. J Spinal Cord Med. 2008;31(5):487-99. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2008.11753644.</citation>
    <PMID>19086706</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lapointe R, Lajoie Y, Serresse O, Barbeau H. Functional community ambulation requirements in incomplete spinal cord injured subjects. Spinal Cord. 2001 Jun;39(6):327-35. doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101167.</citation>
    <PMID>11438855</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lord SR, Murray SM, Chapman K, Munro B, Tiedemann A. Sit-to-stand performance depends on sensation, speed, balance, and psychological status in addition to strength in older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002 Aug;57(8):M539-43. doi: 10.1093/gerona/57.8.m539.</citation>
    <PMID>12145369</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Pang MY, Yang JF. The initiation of the swing phase in human infant stepping: importance of hip position and leg loading. J Physiol. 2000 Oct 15;528 Pt 2(Pt 2):389-404. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00389.x.</citation>
    <PMID>11034628</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wirz M, van Hedel HJ, Rupp R, Curt A, Dietz V. Muscle force and gait performance: relationships after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Sep;87(9):1218-22. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.05.024.</citation>
    <PMID>16935058</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>June 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>August 15, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 18, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 21, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>June 12, 2020</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>June 12, 2020</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">June 16, 2020</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Khon Kaen University</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Sugalya Amatachaya</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Assoc. Prof. Dr.</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Rehabilitation</keyword>
  <keyword>Neurological condition</keyword>
  <keyword>Walking ability</keyword>
  <keyword>Feedback</keyword>
  <keyword>External information</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Spinal Cord Injuries</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Wounds and Injuries</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03254797
org study id: PHD/0194/2557
nct id: NCT03254797
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Does a 4-week stepping training program with or without external feedback clinically change
      functional ability and reduce risk of fall of ambulatory patients with iSCI?

      Are there significant differences between 4-weeks stepping training with or without external
      feedback in ambulatory patients with iSCI?
To compare effects of 4-week stepping training with or without external feedback on
      functional ability and incidence of falls in ambulatory patients with iSCI (between-group
      comparison).

      To compare the change of functional ability in a group of 4-week stepping training with or
      without the utility of external feedback (within-group comparison).
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Change of walking stability using Timed up and go test [TUGT]
time frame: prior to training, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and 6 months after complete the training program
description: The test was designed to measure mobility and dynamic balance control related to walking. Subjects will be instructed to stand up from a standard chair, walk at a fastest and safe speed for 3 meters, turn around a traffic cone, walk back and sit down on the chair with or without a walking device. Then the average time required for the 3 trials will be recorded.
measure: Change of walking speed using 10 meter walk test (10MWT)
time frame: prior to training, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and 6 months after complete the training program
description: The test measures walking speed. Subjects will be instructed to walk at a prefer speed and fastest speed along a 10 meters walkway with or without walking device. The video recording will be captured over the 4 meters in the middle walkway in order to minimize acceleration and deceleration effects. Then the data will be converted to a walking speed using a formula; (v = s/t)
measure: Change of lower limb muscle strength using Five times sit-to-stand [FTSST]
time frame: prior to training, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and 6 months after complete the training program
description: The test has used to quantify lower extremity motor strength. The time taken to complete 5 chair-rise cycles at a fastest and safe speed will be recorded for each subject. Then the average time required for the 3 trials will be used for data analysis.
measure: Change of walking endurance using 6 minute walk test (6MWT)
time frame: prior to training, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and 6 months after complete the training program
description: The test measures the longest walking distance in 6 minute to reflect the responses of the cardiopulmonary and muscular systems. Subjects will be instructed to walk along a rectangular walkway as long as they can with a safety speed. They can walk with or without walking device in 6 minutes and are able to take a resting period as needed and continuing to walk. The distance covered after 6 minutes will be recorded.
arm group label: Stepping training with feedback
arm group type: Experimental
description: Subjects will be instructed to perform the stepping task with external feedback continuously until 20 minutes (excluding resting periods) but without fatigue. Then they continue a training program of overground walking for 10 minutes.
They have to be involved in a training program of their groups 5 times/week, for 4 weeks in total.
arm group label: Stepping training without feedback
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Subjects will be instructed to perform the stepping task without external feedback continuously until 20 minutes (excluding resting periods) but without fatigue. Then they continue a training program of overground walking for 10 minutes.
They have to be involved in a training program of their groups 5 times/week, for 4 weeks in total.
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Stepping training with feedback
description: Subjects stand in a step standing position with placing one leg on the load cells of the device and the other leg at the posterolateral direction to the trained leg outside the load cells, look at the displayed section which will be positioned at their eye level. Then subjects will be instructed to shift/take their body-weight onto the trained leg until the green zone of the displayed section is lightened. When the subjects can take a proper level of their body-weight onto the trained leg, the beep sound will be alarmed to trigger the subjects and therapist that the subjects can step the other leg forward to the marker. Then they have to do the same when steps the leg backward.
arm group label: Stepping training with feedback
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Stepping training without feedback
description: Subjects stand in a step standing position with placing one leg on the load cells of the device and the other leg at the posterolateral direction to the trained leg outside the load cells. Then subjects will be instructed to shift/take their body-weight onto the trained leg as most as they can. If the subjects can take a proper level of their body-weight onto the trained leg, the subjects can step the other leg forward to the marker. Then they have to do the same when steps the leg backward.
arm group label: Stepping training without feedback
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Sugalya Amatachaya
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: School of Physical Therapy, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
facility: 
country: Thailand
citation: Ada L, Dean CM, Lindley R, Lloyd G. Improving community ambulation after stroke: the AMBULATE Trial. BMC Neurol. 2009 Feb 11;9:8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-9-8.
PMID: 19208261
citation: Amatachaya S, Amatachaya P, Keawsutthi M, Siritaratiwat W. External cues benefit walking ability of ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2013 Nov;36(6):638-44. doi: 10.1179/2045772312Y.0000000086. Epub 2013 Apr 12.
PMID: 24090447
citation: Amatachaya S, Keawsutthi M, Amatachaya P, Manimmanakorn N. Effects of external cues on gait performance in independent ambulatory incomplete spinal cord injury patients. Spinal Cord. 2009 Sep;47(9):668-73. doi: 10.1038/sc.2008.168. Epub 2009 Jan 13.
PMID: 19139759
citation: Amatachaya S, Naewla S, Srisim K, Arrayawichanon P, Siritaratiwat W. Concurrent validity of the 10-meter walk test as compared with the 6-minute walk test in patients with spinal cord injury at various levels of ability. Spinal Cord. 2014 Apr;52(4):333-6. doi: 10.1038/sc.2013.171. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
PMID: 24445972
citation: Amatachaya S, Wannapakhe J, Arrayawichanon P, Siritarathiwat W, Wattanapun P. Functional abilities, incidences of complications and falls of patients with spinal cord injury 6 months after discharge. Spinal Cord. 2011 Apr;49(4):520-4. doi: 10.1038/sc.2010.163. Epub 2010 Dec 14.
PMID: 21151192
citation: Baer G, Smith M. The recovery of walking ability and subclassification of stroke. Physiother Res Int. 2001;6(3):135-44. doi: 10.1002/pri.222.
PMID: 11725595
citation: Balasubramanian CK, Bowden MG, Neptune RR, Kautz SA. Relationship between step length asymmetry and walking performance in subjects with chronic hemiparesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Jan;88(1):43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.10.004.
PMID: 17207674
citation: Behrman AL, Bowden MG, Nair PM. Neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury and training: an emerging paradigm shift in rehabilitation and walking recovery. Phys Ther. 2006 Oct;86(10):1406-25. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20050212.
PMID: 17012645
citation: Behrman AL, Harkema SJ. Locomotor training after human spinal cord injury: a series of case studies. Phys Ther. 2000 Jul;80(7):688-700.
PMID: 10869131
citation: Bohannon RW. Manual muscle testing: does it meet the standards of an adequate screening test? Clin Rehabil. 2005 Sep;19(6):662-7. doi: 10.1191/0269215505cr873oa.
PMID: 16180603
citation: Bohannon RW, Smith J, Hull D, Palmeri D, Barnhard R. Deficits in lower extremity muscle and gait performance among renal transplant candidates. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Jun;76(6):547-51. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(95)80509-5.
PMID: 7763154
citation: Brotherton SS, Krause JS, Nietert PJ. A pilot study of factors associated with falls in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2007;30(3):243-50. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2007.11753932.
PMID: 17684890
citation: Brotherton SS, Krause JS, Nietert PJ. Falls in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2007 Jan;45(1):37-40. doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101909. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
PMID: 16491105
citation: Calancie B, Needham-Shropshire B, Jacobs P, Willer K, Zych G, Green BA. Involuntary stepping after chronic spinal cord injury. Evidence for a central rhythm generator for locomotion in man. Brain. 1994 Oct;117 ( Pt 5):1143-59. doi: 10.1093/brain/117.5.1143.
PMID: 7953595
citation: Capato TT, Tornai J, Avila P, Barbosa ER, Piemonte ME. Randomized controlled trial protocol: balance training with rhythmical cues to improve and maintain balance control in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol. 2015 Sep 7;15:162. doi: 10.1186/s12883-015-0418-x.
PMID: 26347052
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responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Khon Kaen University
investigator full name: Sugalya Amatachaya
investigator title: Assoc. Prof. Dr.
mesh term: Spinal Cord Injuries
mesh term: Wounds and Injuries
sharing ipd: No