<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03247777</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>HPU#201310-227</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03247777</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Benefits of Traditional and Golf-specific Resistance Training in Amateur Female Golfers</brief_title>
  <official_title>Benefits of Traditional and Golf-specific Resistance Training in Amateur Female Golfers</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>High Point University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>High Point University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Amateur female golfers were randomized to either a functional weight lifting group or a&#xD;
      traditional weight lift group. Testing, consisting of performance measures and golf measures,&#xD;
      was performed at baseline and after 10 weeks of weight lifting.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      A randomized control trial to compare the effects of 10 weeks of two different types of&#xD;
      training in recreationally active female golfers was performed. Participants were recruited&#xD;
      through postings at local country clubs and public golf courses, as well as through emails to&#xD;
      state and local women's golf associations. Following written informed consent approved by the&#xD;
      university's institutional review board, participants completed a medical and golf history&#xD;
      questionnaire. Golf-specific information gathered via the history form included self-reported&#xD;
      number of years playing golf, handicap, frequency of play, frequency of practice. Baseline&#xD;
      testing followed, consisting of measurement of height and weight using a stadiometer, bone&#xD;
      density and body composition using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 7-iron and driver&#xD;
      club speed and total ball distance using a golf simulator (High Definition Golf, Interactive&#xD;
      Sports Technologies, Vaughan, Ontario), and physical performance tests. Participants were&#xD;
      then randomly assigned, using a random number generator, to either a traditional resistance&#xD;
      training group (TRAD) or a golf-specific resistance training group (GSRT). Resistance&#xD;
      training was conducted 3 days per week for 10 weeks. Each training session was directly&#xD;
      supervised by at least one of the researchers, such that correct technique and appropriate&#xD;
      resistance could be monitored. Following the 10 weeks of training, participants repeated the&#xD;
      testing procedures under similar conditions as baseline testing.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date>November 2013</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">April 2014</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">April 2014</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Driver club speed</measure>
    <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Driver club speed- continuous variable measured in mph</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>7-iron club speed</measure>
    <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>7-iron club speed-continuous variable measured in mph</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Driver distance</measure>
    <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Driver distance-continuous variable measured in yards</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>7-iron distance</measure>
    <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>7-iron -continuous variable measured in yards</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Seated rotation flexibility</measure>
    <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>sit and rotate left and right- continuous variable measured with a goniometer in degrees</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Weighted ball golf toss</measure>
    <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Using a golf-like motion, toss a 6lb ball as far as possible- continuous scale measured in cm</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Weighted ball seated toss</measure>
    <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>sitting in a declined position, use a chest pass motion to toss a 6 lb ball as far as possible- continuous measure measured in cm</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Bone density</measure>
    <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>bone density- continuous measure measured using a dual image x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Body fat percentage</measure>
    <time_frame>10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>body fat percentage- 0-100% scale measured using a DEXA scan</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">45</enrollment>
  <condition>Improved Performance in Amateur Female Golfers (MESH Term: Body Composition)</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Traditional strengthening</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>These subjects performed traditional strengthening exercises of targeted muscle groups (For example, bench press, lat pulldowns, dead lifts and wrist curls)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Functional Strengthening</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>These subjects performed exercises that either mimicked golf (diagonal chop) or that required balance and stability (single leg dead lift)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Traditional strengthening</intervention_name>
    <description>dead lifts, bench press, wrist curls, and lat pulldowns as examples</description>
    <arm_group_label>Traditional strengthening</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Functional Strengthening</intervention_name>
    <description>diagonal chops, one leg deadlifts, lateral plyometrics as examples</description>
    <arm_group_label>Functional Strengthening</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  females ≥18 years of age,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  and an official handicap or completion of at least 5 rounds of golf within the last&#xD;
             year&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Exclusion criteria were current episode of musculoskeletal pain,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  unable to stand and swing a golf club independently,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  systemic disease including but not limited to rheumatologic disease or cancer,&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  or psychological or other cognitive impairment.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Female</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Human Biomechanics and Physiology Study</name>
      <address>
        <city>High Point</city>
        <state>North Carolina</state>
        <zip>27262</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>August 2017</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>May 4, 2015</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 9, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 14, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 9, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 9, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 14, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>golf</keyword>
  <keyword>strength training</keyword>
  <keyword>physical performance tests</keyword>
  <keyword>body composition</keyword>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03247777
org study id: HPU#201310-227
nct id: NCT03247777
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
Amateur female golfers were randomized to either a functional weight lifting group or a
      traditional weight lift group. Testing, consisting of performance measures and golf measures,
      was performed at baseline and after 10 weeks of weight lifting.
A randomized control trial to compare the effects of 10 weeks of two different types of
      training in recreationally active female golfers was performed. Participants were recruited
      through postings at local country clubs and public golf courses, as well as through emails to
      state and local women's golf associations. Following written informed consent approved by the
      university's institutional review board, participants completed a medical and golf history
      questionnaire. Golf-specific information gathered via the history form included self-reported
      number of years playing golf, handicap, frequency of play, frequency of practice. Baseline
      testing followed, consisting of measurement of height and weight using a stadiometer, bone
      density and body composition using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 7-iron and driver
      club speed and total ball distance using a golf simulator (High Definition Golf, Interactive
      Sports Technologies, Vaughan, Ontario), and physical performance tests. Participants were
      then randomly assigned, using a random number generator, to either a traditional resistance
      training group (TRAD) or a golf-specific resistance training group (GSRT). Resistance
      training was conducted 3 days per week for 10 weeks. Each training session was directly
      supervised by at least one of the researchers, such that correct technique and appropriate
      resistance could be monitored. Following the 10 weeks of training, participants repeated the
      testing procedures under similar conditions as baseline testing.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Participant)
measure: Driver club speed
time frame: 10 weeks
description: Driver club speed- continuous variable measured in mph
measure: 7-iron club speed
time frame: 10 weeks
description: 7-iron club speed-continuous variable measured in mph
measure: Driver distance
time frame: 10 weeks
description: Driver distance-continuous variable measured in yards
measure: 7-iron distance
time frame: 10 weeks
description: 7-iron -continuous variable measured in yards
measure: Seated rotation flexibility
time frame: 10 weeks
description: sit and rotate left and right- continuous variable measured with a goniometer in degrees
measure: Weighted ball golf toss
time frame: 10 weeks
description: Using a golf-like motion, toss a 6lb ball as far as possible- continuous scale measured in cm
measure: Weighted ball seated toss
time frame: 10 weeks
description: sitting in a declined position, use a chest pass motion to toss a 6 lb ball as far as possible- continuous measure measured in cm
measure: Bone density
time frame: 10 weeks
description: bone density- continuous measure measured using a dual image x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan
measure: Body fat percentage
time frame: 10 weeks
description: body fat percentage- 0-100% scale measured using a DEXA scan
arm group label: Traditional strengthening
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: These subjects performed traditional strengthening exercises of targeted muscle groups (For example, bench press, lat pulldowns, dead lifts and wrist curls)
arm group label: Functional Strengthening
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: These subjects performed exercises that either mimicked golf (diagonal chop) or that required balance and stability (single leg dead lift)
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Traditional strengthening
description: dead lifts, bench press, wrist curls, and lat pulldowns as examples
arm group label: Traditional strengthening
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Functional Strengthening
description: diagonal chops, one leg deadlifts, lateral plyometrics as examples
arm group label: Functional Strengthening
criteria: 
gender: Female
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
facility: 
country: United States
responsible party type: Sponsor