<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03274362</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>BCDiabetes</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03274362</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Headspace Mindfulness App Trial</brief_title>
  <official_title>Evaluating the Effectiveness of Headspace Mindfulness Application Versus Standard Care on the HbA1C and Quality of Life in Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Control Trial</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>BCDiabetes.Ca</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>BCDiabetes.Ca</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The study is a prospective, randomized, non-blinded comparative group clinical trial&#xD;
      comparing participants who receive access to a mindfulness software app, Headspace, to those&#xD;
      who receive standard care (i.e., a list of resources on mindfulness and health). It is&#xD;
      hypothesized that participants randomized to the Headspace mindfulness application will&#xD;
      exhibit greater improvement in HbA1C and quality of life measures compared to those&#xD;
      randomized to standard care.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Stress has been associated with diabetes mellitus, and is believed to both precipitate the&#xD;
      onset and disrupt the control of diabetes. The overall quality of life, measured as physical&#xD;
      and social functioning and perceived as physical and mental well-being, has been shown to be&#xD;
      adversely impacted in those living with diabetes compared to people with no chronic illness.&#xD;
      Both the physiological effects of poorly managed diabetes and the psychological stress of&#xD;
      dealing with chronic illness can have negative tolls on the physical, social and mental&#xD;
      well-being of the patient.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Although the emotional problems in diabetic patients have received increasing attention in&#xD;
      the recent decade, these issues often remain unrecognized in clinical practice and untreated.&#xD;
      Previous research suggest that antidepressant medication and cognitive behavioral therapy can&#xD;
      be effective in the treatment of major depression in a proportion of diabetic patients;&#xD;
      however, the use of these medications is often accompanied by side effects, lack of response&#xD;
      to medication, or relapse. One accessible group intervention that proved successful in&#xD;
      reducing emotional distress and improving quality of life in nonpatients and patient groups&#xD;
      is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The central component of such intervention is the&#xD;
      cultivation of mindfulness.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Mindfulness, the mental state of awareness of internal and external experiences, has been&#xD;
      used as a technique in numerous types of therapies. Previous studies suggested that increased&#xD;
      levels of mindfulness through mindfulness-based cognitive therapy mediated the effects of&#xD;
      inventions on depressed and angry mood and stress in diabetes outpatients. Practice of&#xD;
      mindfulness, such as meditation, has indicated correlation with well-being and perceived&#xD;
      health, and that dispositional mindfulness may buffer against the negative impact of&#xD;
      perceived stress on psychological well-being. Furthermore, mindfulness may be associated with&#xD;
      better glucose regulation in diabetics, as individuals with higher levels of mindfulness may&#xD;
      have a lower likelihood of obesity and greater sense of control. Hence, the role of&#xD;
      mindfulness in the management of diabetes warrants further investigations.&#xD;
&#xD;
      A promising digital health platform, Headspace, provides guided meditation sessions,&#xD;
      mindfulness training, meditation resources via a software application. Headspace has already&#xD;
      been used in a number of clinical trials exploring the effects of mindfulness training. For&#xD;
      instance, one study examining the impact of mindfulness on workplace stress found significant&#xD;
      increases in well-being and perceived job control, and reductions in anxiety, depressive&#xD;
      symptoms, diastolic blood pressure and sleep problems.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using the Headspace&#xD;
      mindfulness application compared to the standard care of providing resources on mindfulness&#xD;
      to patients with diabetes. Specifically, the study will test the hypothesis that participants&#xD;
      randomized to the Headspace app group will exhibit greater improvement in HbA1C and quality&#xD;
      of life measures compared to those randomized to standard care.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Participants randomized to mindfulness app group will be given 3 months of free access to&#xD;
      Headspace, a digital service that provides guided meditation sessions and mindfulness&#xD;
      training. Headspace consists of video sessions on the foundations of mindfulness, health,&#xD;
      relationships and performance. Participants randomized to standard care will not receive&#xD;
      Headspace, but instead, a list of resources on mindfulness and health, until the 3-month&#xD;
      study is complete.&#xD;
&#xD;
      At the 3-month visit, participants in both groups will have HbA1C taken and quality of life&#xD;
      questionnaire completed. No further data will be collected after the final 3-month visit. At&#xD;
      this time, participants in the control group will receive the same 3-month access to&#xD;
      Headspace as if the participants had been randomized to the treatment group, for equality&#xD;
      purposes.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Not yet recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date type="Anticipated">September 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>The study will use a parallel study model that consists of a treatment arm (ie. Headspace mindfulness app group) and a control arm (ie. standard care where patients receive a list of resources on mindfulness and health).</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
    <masking_description>The study is a prospective, randomized, non-blinded comparative group clinical trial.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Hemoglobin A1C</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months</time_frame>
    <description>A hypothesized reduction in HbA1C by 3 months post-randomization in participants in the treatment group compared to control group.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Quality of life</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months</time_frame>
    <description>A hypothesized improvement in quality of life measurements, assessed by SD36 questionnaire, by 3 months post-randomization in participants in the treatment group compared to control group.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Medication adherence</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months</time_frame>
    <description>Assessed with Diabetes Distress Screening Scale</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Social support</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months</time_frame>
    <description>Assessed with Diabetes Distress Screening Scale</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Diabetes empowerment</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months</time_frame>
    <description>Assessed with Diabetes Distress Screening Scale</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">80</enrollment>
  <condition>Diabetes Mellitus</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Headspace Application Treatment Group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants in the treatment group will be given a free 3-month access code to Headspace. The app contains a series of sessions that guide the user through mindfulness training.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Standard Care Control Group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants in the control group will be provided a list of resources that provides guidance on mindfulness and general health.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Headspace Mindfulness App</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants will be given instructions on how to download Headspace on an electronic device and will be provided a free 3-month access code. The app contains a series of ten step-wise 10-minute video sessions that guide the user through mindfulness training. Upon completion of these sessions, additional content will be accessible, including sessions on health (depression, self-esteem, anxiety, sleep, and pregnancy), relationships (kindness, generosity, relationships, change, appreciation, and acceptance) and performance (creativity, focus, happiness, and balance). The frequency and duration of usage will be in accordance to the instructions of the app.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Headspace Application Treatment Group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Provides full informed consent to participate in the study&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus according to Canadian Diabetes Association&#xD;
             criteria at the time of screening for the study&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Has an age ≥12 years&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Has a most recent HbA1C measurement of ≥8%&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Has access to an electronic device that supports Headspace (i.e., tablet or smart&#xD;
             phone)&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Has a most recent HbA1C measurement of &lt;8%&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Has a physical disability or psychiatric diagnosis which would limit the ability to&#xD;
             adhere to the study regimen, as judged by the investigator&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>12 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Tom G Elliott, MBBS</last_name>
    <phone>604-683-3734</phone>
    <phone_ext>1001</phone_ext>
    <email>telliott@bcdiabetes.ca</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <link>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01661569</url>
    <description>Current study examining the impact of mindfulness on workplace stress found significant increases in well-being and perceived job control, and reductions in anxiety, depressive symptoms, diastolic blood pressure and sleep problems.</description>
  </link>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bradley C. Stress and diabetes. Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health. New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons 1988:383-401.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rubin RR, Peyrot M. Quality of life and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 1999 May-Jun;15(3):205-18. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199905/06)15:33.0.co;2-o.</citation>
    <PMID>10441043</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kan C, Silva N, Golden SH, Rajala U, Timonen M, Stahl D, Ismail K. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between depression and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care. 2013 Feb;36(2):480-9. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1442. Erratum In: Diabetes Care. 2013 May;36(5):1429.</citation>
    <PMID>23349152</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tunceli K, Bradley CJ, Nerenz D, Williams LK, Pladevall M, Elston Lafata J. The impact of diabetes on employment and work productivity. Diabetes Care. 2005 Nov;28(11):2662-7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.11.2662.</citation>
    <PMID>16249536</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Pouwer F, Beekman AT, Lubach C, Snoek FJ. Nurses' recognition and registration of depression, anxiety and diabetes-specific emotional problems in outpatients with diabetes mellitus. Patient Educ Couns. 2006 Feb;60(2):235-40. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.01.009.</citation>
    <PMID>16442465</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Pouwer F. Should we screen for emotional distress in type 2 diabetes mellitus? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009 Dec;5(12):665-71. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2009.214. Epub 2009 Nov 3.</citation>
    <PMID>19884900</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Segal ZV, Williams JMG, Teasdale JD. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach to Preventing Relapse. New York, Guilford Press, 2002.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Haenen S, Nyklicek I, van Son J, Pop V, Pouwer F. Mindfulness facets as differential mediators of short and long-term effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in diabetes outpatients: Findings from the DiaMind randomized trial. J Psychosom Res. 2016 Jun;85:44-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 Apr 22.</citation>
    <PMID>27212669</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>van Son J, Nyklicek I, Pop VJ, Blonk MC, Erdtsieck RJ, Spooren PF, Toorians AW, Pouwer F. The effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on emotional distress, quality of life, and HbA(1c) in outpatients with diabetes (DiaMind): a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013 Apr;36(4):823-30. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1477. Epub 2012 Nov 27.</citation>
    <PMID>23193218</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Branstrom R, Duncan LG, Moskowitz JT. The association between dispositional mindfulness, psychological well-being, and perceived health in a Swedish population-based sample. Br J Health Psychol. 2011 May;16(Pt 2):300-16. doi: 10.1348/135910710X501683. Epub 2011 Mar 8.</citation>
    <PMID>21489058</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Loucks EB, Gilman SE, Britton WB, Gutman R, Eaton CB, Buka SL. Associations of Mindfulness with Glucose Regulation and Diabetes. Am J Health Behav. 2016 Mar;40(2):258-67. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.40.2.11.</citation>
    <PMID>26931758</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>September 2017</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>September 5, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>September 5, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">September 6, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>September 6, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>September 6, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">September 11, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>BCDiabetes.Ca</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Tom Elliott</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Medical Director</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03274362
org study id: BCDiabetes
nct id: NCT03274362
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The study is a prospective, randomized, non-blinded comparative group clinical trial
      comparing participants who receive access to a mindfulness software app, Headspace, to those
      who receive standard care (i.e., a list of resources on mindfulness and health). It is
      hypothesized that participants randomized to the Headspace mindfulness application will
      exhibit greater improvement in HbA1C and quality of life measures compared to those
      randomized to standard care.
Stress has been associated with diabetes mellitus, and is believed to both precipitate the
      onset and disrupt the control of diabetes. The overall quality of life, measured as physical
      and social functioning and perceived as physical and mental well-being, has been shown to be
      adversely impacted in those living with diabetes compared to people with no chronic illness.
      Both the physiological effects of poorly managed diabetes and the psychological stress of
      dealing with chronic illness can have negative tolls on the physical, social and mental
      well-being of the patient.

      Although the emotional problems in diabetic patients have received increasing attention in
      the recent decade, these issues often remain unrecognized in clinical practice and untreated.
      Previous research suggest that antidepressant medication and cognitive behavioral therapy can
      be effective in the treatment of major depression in a proportion of diabetic patients;
      however, the use of these medications is often accompanied by side effects, lack of response
      to medication, or relapse. One accessible group intervention that proved successful in
      reducing emotional distress and improving quality of life in nonpatients and patient groups
      is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The central component of such intervention is the
      cultivation of mindfulness.

      Mindfulness, the mental state of awareness of internal and external experiences, has been
      used as a technique in numerous types of therapies. Previous studies suggested that increased
      levels of mindfulness through mindfulness-based cognitive therapy mediated the effects of
      inventions on depressed and angry mood and stress in diabetes outpatients. Practice of
      mindfulness, such as meditation, has indicated correlation with well-being and perceived
      health, and that dispositional mindfulness may buffer against the negative impact of
      perceived stress on psychological well-being. Furthermore, mindfulness may be associated with
      better glucose regulation in diabetics, as individuals with higher levels of mindfulness may
      have a lower likelihood of obesity and greater sense of control. Hence, the role of
      mindfulness in the management of diabetes warrants further investigations.

      A promising digital health platform, Headspace, provides guided meditation sessions,
      mindfulness training, meditation resources via a software application. Headspace has already
      been used in a number of clinical trials exploring the effects of mindfulness training. For
      instance, one study examining the impact of mindfulness on workplace stress found significant
      increases in well-being and perceived job control, and reductions in anxiety, depressive
      symptoms, diastolic blood pressure and sleep problems.

      The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using the Headspace
      mindfulness application compared to the standard care of providing resources on mindfulness
      to patients with diabetes. Specifically, the study will test the hypothesis that participants
      randomized to the Headspace app group will exhibit greater improvement in HbA1C and quality
      of life measures compared to those randomized to standard care.

      Participants randomized to mindfulness app group will be given 3 months of free access to
      Headspace, a digital service that provides guided meditation sessions and mindfulness
      training. Headspace consists of video sessions on the foundations of mindfulness, health,
      relationships and performance. Participants randomized to standard care will not receive
      Headspace, but instead, a list of resources on mindfulness and health, until the 3-month
      study is complete.

      At the 3-month visit, participants in both groups will have HbA1C taken and quality of life
      questionnaire completed. No further data will be collected after the final 3-month visit. At
      this time, participants in the control group will receive the same 3-month access to
      Headspace as if the participants had been randomized to the treatment group, for equality
      purposes.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: The study will use a parallel study model that consists of a treatment arm (ie. Headspace mindfulness app group) and a control arm (ie. standard care where patients receive a list of resources on mindfulness and health).
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: None (Open Label)
masking description: The study is a prospective, randomized, non-blinded comparative group clinical trial.
measure: Hemoglobin A1C
time frame: 3 months
description: A hypothesized reduction in HbA1C by 3 months post-randomization in participants in the treatment group compared to control group.
measure: Quality of life
time frame: 3 months
description: A hypothesized improvement in quality of life measurements, assessed by SD36 questionnaire, by 3 months post-randomization in participants in the treatment group compared to control group.
measure: Medication adherence
time frame: 3 months
description: Assessed with Diabetes Distress Screening Scale
measure: Social support
time frame: 3 months
description: Assessed with Diabetes Distress Screening Scale
measure: Diabetes empowerment
time frame: 3 months
description: Assessed with Diabetes Distress Screening Scale
arm group label: Headspace Application Treatment Group
arm group type: Experimental
description: Participants in the treatment group will be given a free 3-month access code to Headspace. The app contains a series of sessions that guide the user through mindfulness training.
arm group label: Standard Care Control Group
arm group type: No Intervention
description: Participants in the control group will be provided a list of resources that provides guidance on mindfulness and general health.
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Headspace Mindfulness App
description: Participants will be given instructions on how to download Headspace on an electronic device and will be provided a free 3-month access code. The app contains a series of ten step-wise 10-minute video sessions that guide the user through mindfulness training. Upon completion of these sessions, additional content will be accessible, including sessions on health (depression, self-esteem, anxiety, sleep, and pregnancy), relationships (kindness, generosity, relationships, change, appreciation, and acceptance) and performance (creativity, focus, happiness, and balance). The frequency and duration of usage will be in accordance to the instructions of the app.
arm group label: Headspace Application Treatment Group
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 12 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Tom G Elliott, MBBS
phone: 604-683-3734
phone ext: 1001
email: telliott@bcdiabetes.ca
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01661569
description: Current study examining the impact of mindfulness on workplace stress found significant increases in well-being and perceived job control, and reductions in anxiety, depressive symptoms, diastolic blood pressure and sleep problems.
citation: Bradley C. Stress and diabetes. Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health. New York: John Wiley & Sons 1988:383-401.
citation: Rubin RR, Peyrot M. Quality of life and diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 1999 May-Jun;15(3):205-18. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199905/06)15:33.0.co;2-o.
PMID: 10441043
citation: Kan C, Silva N, Golden SH, Rajala U, Timonen M, Stahl D, Ismail K. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between depression and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care. 2013 Feb;36(2):480-9. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1442. Erratum In: Diabetes Care. 2013 May;36(5):1429.
PMID: 23349152
citation: Tunceli K, Bradley CJ, Nerenz D, Williams LK, Pladevall M, Elston Lafata J. The impact of diabetes on employment and work productivity. Diabetes Care. 2005 Nov;28(11):2662-7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.11.2662.
PMID: 16249536
citation: Pouwer F, Beekman AT, Lubach C, Snoek FJ. Nurses' recognition and registration of depression, anxiety and diabetes-specific emotional problems in outpatients with diabetes mellitus. Patient Educ Couns. 2006 Feb;60(2):235-40. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.01.009.
PMID: 16442465
citation: Pouwer F. Should we screen for emotional distress in type 2 diabetes mellitus? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009 Dec;5(12):665-71. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2009.214. Epub 2009 Nov 3.
PMID: 19884900
citation: Segal ZV, Williams JMG, Teasdale JD. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach to Preventing Relapse. New York, Guilford Press, 2002.
citation: Haenen S, Nyklicek I, van Son J, Pop V, Pouwer F. Mindfulness facets as differential mediators of short and long-term effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in diabetes outpatients: Findings from the DiaMind randomized trial. J Psychosom Res. 2016 Jun;85:44-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 Apr 22.
PMID: 27212669
citation: van Son J, Nyklicek I, Pop VJ, Blonk MC, Erdtsieck RJ, Spooren PF, Toorians AW, Pouwer F. The effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on emotional distress, quality of life, and HbA(1c) in outpatients with diabetes (DiaMind): a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013 Apr;36(4):823-30. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1477. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
PMID: 23193218
citation: Branstrom R, Duncan LG, Moskowitz JT. The association between dispositional mindfulness, psychological well-being, and perceived health in a Swedish population-based sample. Br J Health Psychol. 2011 May;16(Pt 2):300-16. doi: 10.1348/135910710X501683. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
PMID: 21489058
citation: Loucks EB, Gilman SE, Britton WB, Gutman R, Eaton CB, Buka SL. Associations of Mindfulness with Glucose Regulation and Diabetes. Am J Health Behav. 2016 Mar;40(2):258-67. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.40.2.11.
PMID: 26931758
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: BCDiabetes.Ca
investigator full name: Tom Elliott
investigator title: Medical Director
sharing ipd: Undecided