<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03269383</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>1046118-1</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03269383</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of SGB in Preventing Post-op Atrial Fibrillation</brief_title>
  <official_title>Study for the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Stellate Ganglion Blockade in Preventing Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Christopher Connors, MD</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>MaineHealth</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>Yes</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    <is_us_export>No</is_us_export>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Atrial fibrillation requires both an initiation trigger and favorable environment for&#xD;
      maintenance and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play important roles in&#xD;
      this regard. Unfortunately, the precise mechanisms of post operative atrial fibrillation&#xD;
      (POAF) are still being investigated. This postoperative complication has persisted in spite&#xD;
      of efforts to mitigate it pharmacologically with beta blockers and amiodarone, an experience&#xD;
      shared by most other cardiac surgery centers.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The stellate ganglion is formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion&#xD;
      and first thoracic sympathetic ganglion. By modulating the sympathetic component of the&#xD;
      autonomic nervous system, stellate ganglion stimulation has been shown to facilitate&#xD;
      induction of atrial fibrillation while ablation may reduce or prevent episodes. Human studies&#xD;
      have further supported this model.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Preliminary studies of perioperative stellate ganglion block (SGB) in cardiac surgery suggest&#xD;
      that this technique may reduce or prevent episodes of POAF requiring treatment. The&#xD;
      investigator's hypothesis is that SGB reduces the incidence of POAF in cardiac surgery&#xD;
      populations.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The investigator's hypothesis is that perioperative SGB in cardiac surgery will decrease&#xD;
      POAF. To address this, the investigator will:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. Recruit 707 patients to undergo perioperative SGB prior to cardiac surgery (CABG, Aortic&#xD;
           Valve Replacement, CABG/Aortic Valve Replacement).&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. Perform a double blinded post-induction/pre-operative SGB using either 10 mL 0.5%&#xD;
           bupivacaine or 10 mL 0.9% normal saline&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. Assess the effects on POAF as defined by the Northern New England (NNE) Cardiovascular&#xD;
           Disease Study Group.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Significance: If the investigator is able to demonstrate that perioperative SGB in cardiac&#xD;
      surgery affects POAF, this simple, low cost and low risk procedure may significantly impact&#xD;
      POAF incidence and thereby its attendant morbidity, mortality and costs in this clinical&#xD;
      population.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Study subjects 707 patients electively scheduled for aortic valve, coronary revascularization&#xD;
      surgery (CABG) or a combination of the two (CABG/AVR) will be recruited and enrolled to&#xD;
      receive SGB at the time of surgery. Patients will be introduced to the study by their&#xD;
      surgical team and only those providing informed consent to participate will be enrolled. The&#xD;
      informed consent document (attached) clearly states that SGB is not currently standard of&#xD;
      care.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Randomization The investigator will use NQuery software (Statistical Solutions Ltd., Boston,&#xD;
      MA) to create a randomization scheme stratified by the three types of elective surgery: CABG,&#xD;
      aortic valve replacement, and CABG plus aortic valve replacement. Patients will be randomized&#xD;
      in a 1:1 ratio to receive either SGB (case, injection of 10 mL 0.5% bupivacaine injection) or&#xD;
      sham SGB (control, injection of 10 mL 0.9% saline). For each of the three surgery types,&#xD;
      treatment assignments will be placed in opaque envelopes, numbered sequentially; these three&#xD;
      series of assignments will be maintained in separate surgery-specific boxes. Medications will&#xD;
      be unidentified at the time of injection and the anesthesiologists and cardiac surgeons will&#xD;
      be blinded to sham versus treatment group.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Power analysis:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Sample size was calculated based on a group sequential test of two proportions (NQuery,&#xD;
      Statistical Solutions Ltd., Boston, MA), which takes into account a single interim analysis&#xD;
      of SGB efficacy once 50% of the proposed study group have been enrolled. At 80% power,&#xD;
      cumulative alpha = 0.05, with a two-sided test with continuity correction, and using the&#xD;
      O'Brien-Fleming spending function, a total study group of n=632 (n=316/ treatment group)&#xD;
      would be required to detect a decrease in the rate post-operative atrial fibrillation from&#xD;
      30% to 20% with stellate ganglion block. After taking the interim analysis (performed when&#xD;
      n=350; significance accepted at p&lt;0.003) into account, significance will be accepted at&#xD;
      p&lt;0.047 for the overall study. In our preliminary feasibility study, the investigator&#xD;
      established that stellate ganglion block was successful in 88% of cases; thus, the sample&#xD;
      size was increased by 12%, from n=632 to n=707.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Data analysis. Descriptive statistics (mean (SD), median, frequency as appropriate) will be&#xD;
      used to summarize the demographic, procedural and clinical characteristics of the study&#xD;
      group. To evaluate the success of randomization, the investigator will describe demographic&#xD;
      and clinical data both overall and after stratification by surgery type and by treatment&#xD;
      type. As intra-operative conditions can direct modification in the actual surgery performed&#xD;
      (e.g. CABG may become CABG plus valve replacement), the investigator will also describe the&#xD;
      proportion of subjects who were misclassified by surgery type during randomization and if&#xD;
      necessary will assess randomization balance according to the actual surgery type received.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The frequency of atrial fibrillation (AF) will be compared between treatment groups by chi&#xD;
      square test; this primary analysis will be performed first using an intention to treat model.&#xD;
      In post hoc analysis the investigator will explore treatment outcomes after stratification by&#xD;
      type of surgery and established clinical risk factors for POAF (age, sex, smoking, obesity,&#xD;
      hypertension, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, and BMI). If descriptive analyses&#xD;
      suggest imbalance in clinical or demographic characteristics between treatment groups, these&#xD;
      will be explored using t tests or their non-parametric equivalent (continuous data) or chi&#xD;
      square test (categorical data), as appropriate, and logistic regression will be used to&#xD;
      evaluate differences in AF rate between treatment groups, while taking identified covariates&#xD;
      into account.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Withdrawn</overall_status>
  <why_stopped>
    Lack of funding and other logistical issues&#xD;
  </why_stopped>
  <start_date type="Anticipated">December 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>Phase 4</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Randomized Controlled Trial with 2 arms, treatment and placebo</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
    <masking_description>Study drugs will be randomized and prepared by the institutional pharmacy. The research coordinator will maintain the log tracking which patients received treatment vs placebo.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Postoperative atrial fibrillation</measure>
    <time_frame>up to 7 days</time_frame>
    <description>looking for absence of new onset postoperative atrial fibrillation</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">0</enrollment>
  <condition>Atrial Fibrillation</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Saline</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Sham Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Patients will receive a stellate ganglion block but with 10ml of 0.9% saline.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Treatment</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Patients will receive a stellate ganglion block with 10ml of 0.5% bupivacaine</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Bupivacaine</intervention_name>
    <description>Patients will receive a stellate ganglion block using 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine</description>
    <arm_group_label>Treatment</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>marcaine</other_name>
    <other_name>Sensorcaine</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Saline</intervention_name>
    <description>Patients will receive a stellate ganglion block using 10 ml of 0.9% saline</description>
    <arm_group_label>Saline</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  scheduled for non-emergent CABG, AVR, or CABG/AVR&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  aged at least 18 years&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  English speaking&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  aged less than 18 years&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  pregnant women&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  prisoners&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  patients having emergency surgery&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  patients with clinical contraindications to SGB (including allergy to local&#xD;
             anesthetic, carotid vascular disease as defined by ipsilateral prior carotid&#xD;
             endarterectomy or carotid stent, superficial infection at the proposed puncture site,&#xD;
             contralateral phrenic or laryngeal nerve palsies, and severe chronic obstructive&#xD;
             pulmonary disease as defined by the need for home oxygen)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  patients who are unable to provide informed consent for themselves&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  patients with a history of atrial fibrillation&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Chris Connors, MD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Spectrum Medical Group, Maine Medical Center</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Maine Medical Center</name>
      <address>
        <city>Portland</city>
        <state>Maine</state>
        <zip>04102</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mostafa A, El-Haddad MA, Shenoy M, Tuliani T. Atrial fibrillation post cardiac bypass surgery. Avicenna J Med. 2012 Jul;2(3):65-70. doi: 10.4103/2231-0770.102280.</citation>
    <PMID>23826549</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Zhou Q, Hu J, Guo Y, Zhang F, Yang X, Zhang L, Xu X, Wang L, Wang H, Hou Y. Effect of the stellate ganglion on atrial fibrillation and atrial electrophysiological properties and its left-right asymmetry in a canine model. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2013 Winter;18(1):38-42.</citation>
    <PMID>24294036</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Al-Atassi T, Toeg H, Malas T, Lam BK. Mapping and ablation of autonomic ganglia in prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary surgery: MAAPPAFS atrial fibrillation randomized controlled pilot study. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Oct;30(10):1202-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.04.018. Epub 2014 Apr 19.</citation>
    <PMID>25262862</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Yildirim V, Akay HT, Bingol H, Bolcal C, Iyem H, Doganci S, Demirkilic U, Tatar H. Pre-emptive stellate ganglion block increases the patency of radial artery grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007 Apr;51(4):434-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01260.x.</citation>
    <PMID>17378781</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bidwai AV, Rogers CR, Pearce M, Stanley TH. Preoperative stellate-ganglion blockade to prevent hypertension following coronary-artery operations. Anesthesiology. 1979 Oct;51(4):345-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197910000-00015. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>314762</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Donmez A, Tufan H, Tutar N, Araz C, Sezgin A, Karadeli E, Torgay A. In vivo and in vitro effects of stellate ganglion blockade on radial and internal mammary arteries. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2005 Dec;19(6):729-33. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2004.10.008.</citation>
    <PMID>16326296</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Garneau SY, Deschamps A, Couture P, Levesque S, Babin D, Lambert J, Tardif JC, Perrault LP, Denault AY. Preliminary experience in the use of preoperative echo-guided left stellate ganglion block in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2011 Feb;25(1):78-84. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2010.03.007. Epub 2010 Jun 30.</citation>
    <PMID>20580574</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gopal D, Singh NG, Jagadeesh AM, Ture A, Thimmarayappa A. Comparison of left internal mammary artery diameter before and after left stellate ganglion block. Ann Card Anaesth. 2013 Oct-Dec;16(4):238-42. doi: 10.4103/0971-9784.119161.</citation>
    <PMID>24107689</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Haest K, Kumar A, Van Calster B, Leunen K, Smeets A, Amant F, Berteloot P, Wildiers H, Paridaens R, Van Limbergen E, Weltens C, Janssen H, Peeters S, Menten J, Vergote I, Morlion B, Verhaeghe J, Christiaens MR, Neven P. Stellate ganglion block for the management of hot flashes and sleep disturbances in breast cancer survivors: an uncontrolled experimental study with 24 weeks of follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2012 Jun;23(6):1449-54. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdr478. Epub 2011 Oct 29.</citation>
    <PMID>22039079</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kumar N, Thapa D, Gombar S, Ahuja V, Gupta R. Analgesic efficacy of pre-operative stellate ganglion block on postoperative pain relief: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia. 2014 Sep;69(9):954-660. doi: 10.1111/anae.12774. Epub 2014 Jul 7.</citation>
    <PMID>25040168</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wulf H, Maier C. [Complications and side effects of stellate ganglion blockade. Results of a questionnaire survey]. Anaesthesist. 1992 Mar;41(3):146-51. German.</citation>
    <PMID>1570888</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Stoller JK, Panos RJ, Krachman S, Doherty DE, Make B; Long-term Oxygen Treatment Trial Research Group. Oxygen therapy for patients with COPD: current evidence and the long-term oxygen treatment trial. Chest. 2010 Jul;138(1):179-87. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-2555.</citation>
    <PMID>20605816</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>April 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 19, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 30, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 31, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>April 22, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>April 22, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">April 24, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor-Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>MaineHealth</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Christopher Connors, MD</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Director of Cardiac Anesthesia</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>stellate ganglion block</keyword>
  <keyword>cardiac surgery</keyword>
  <keyword>atrial fibrillation</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Atrial Fibrillation</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Bupivacaine</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03269383
org study id: 1046118-1
nct id: NCT03269383
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: Yes
is fda regulated device: No
is us export: No
Atrial fibrillation requires both an initiation trigger and favorable environment for
      maintenance and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play important roles in
      this regard. Unfortunately, the precise mechanisms of post operative atrial fibrillation
      (POAF) are still being investigated. This postoperative complication has persisted in spite
      of efforts to mitigate it pharmacologically with beta blockers and amiodarone, an experience
      shared by most other cardiac surgery centers.

      The stellate ganglion is formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion
      and first thoracic sympathetic ganglion. By modulating the sympathetic component of the
      autonomic nervous system, stellate ganglion stimulation has been shown to facilitate
      induction of atrial fibrillation while ablation may reduce or prevent episodes. Human studies
      have further supported this model.

      Preliminary studies of perioperative stellate ganglion block (SGB) in cardiac surgery suggest
      that this technique may reduce or prevent episodes of POAF requiring treatment. The
      investigator's hypothesis is that SGB reduces the incidence of POAF in cardiac surgery
      populations.
The investigator's hypothesis is that perioperative SGB in cardiac surgery will decrease
      POAF. To address this, the investigator will:

        1. Recruit 707 patients to undergo perioperative SGB prior to cardiac surgery (CABG, Aortic
           Valve Replacement, CABG/Aortic Valve Replacement).

        2. Perform a double blinded post-induction/pre-operative SGB using either 10 mL 0.5%
           bupivacaine or 10 mL 0.9% normal saline

        3. Assess the effects on POAF as defined by the Northern New England (NNE) Cardiovascular
           Disease Study Group.

      Significance: If the investigator is able to demonstrate that perioperative SGB in cardiac
      surgery affects POAF, this simple, low cost and low risk procedure may significantly impact
      POAF incidence and thereby its attendant morbidity, mortality and costs in this clinical
      population.

      Study subjects 707 patients electively scheduled for aortic valve, coronary revascularization
      surgery (CABG) or a combination of the two (CABG/AVR) will be recruited and enrolled to
      receive SGB at the time of surgery. Patients will be introduced to the study by their
      surgical team and only those providing informed consent to participate will be enrolled. The
      informed consent document (attached) clearly states that SGB is not currently standard of
      care.

      Randomization The investigator will use NQuery software (Statistical Solutions Ltd., Boston,
      MA) to create a randomization scheme stratified by the three types of elective surgery: CABG,
      aortic valve replacement, and CABG plus aortic valve replacement. Patients will be randomized
      in a 1:1 ratio to receive either SGB (case, injection of 10 mL 0.5% bupivacaine injection) or
      sham SGB (control, injection of 10 mL 0.9% saline). For each of the three surgery types,
      treatment assignments will be placed in opaque envelopes, numbered sequentially; these three
      series of assignments will be maintained in separate surgery-specific boxes. Medications will
      be unidentified at the time of injection and the anesthesiologists and cardiac surgeons will
      be blinded to sham versus treatment group.

      Power analysis:

      Sample size was calculated based on a group sequential test of two proportions (NQuery,
      Statistical Solutions Ltd., Boston, MA), which takes into account a single interim analysis
      of SGB efficacy once 50% of the proposed study group have been enrolled. At 80% power,
      cumulative alpha = 0.05, with a two-sided test with continuity correction, and using the
      O'Brien-Fleming spending function, a total study group of n=632 (n=316/ treatment group)
      would be required to detect a decrease in the rate post-operative atrial fibrillation from
      30% to 20% with stellate ganglion block. After taking the interim analysis (performed when
      n=350; significance accepted at p<0.003) into account, significance will be accepted at
      p<0.047 for the overall study. In our preliminary feasibility study, the investigator
      established that stellate ganglion block was successful in 88% of cases; thus, the sample
      size was increased by 12%, from n=632 to n=707.

      Data analysis. Descriptive statistics (mean (SD), median, frequency as appropriate) will be
      used to summarize the demographic, procedural and clinical characteristics of the study
      group. To evaluate the success of randomization, the investigator will describe demographic
      and clinical data both overall and after stratification by surgery type and by treatment
      type. As intra-operative conditions can direct modification in the actual surgery performed
      (e.g. CABG may become CABG plus valve replacement), the investigator will also describe the
      proportion of subjects who were misclassified by surgery type during randomization and if
      necessary will assess randomization balance according to the actual surgery type received.

      The frequency of atrial fibrillation (AF) will be compared between treatment groups by chi
      square test; this primary analysis will be performed first using an intention to treat model.
      In post hoc analysis the investigator will explore treatment outcomes after stratification by
      type of surgery and established clinical risk factors for POAF (age, sex, smoking, obesity,
      hypertension, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, and BMI). If descriptive analyses
      suggest imbalance in clinical or demographic characteristics between treatment groups, these
      will be explored using t tests or their non-parametric equivalent (continuous data) or chi
      square test (categorical data), as appropriate, and logistic regression will be used to
      evaluate differences in AF rate between treatment groups, while taking identified covariates
      into account.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Randomized Controlled Trial with 2 arms, treatment and placebo
primary purpose: Prevention
masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
masking description: Study drugs will be randomized and prepared by the institutional pharmacy. The research coordinator will maintain the log tracking which patients received treatment vs placebo.
measure: Postoperative atrial fibrillation
time frame: up to 7 days
description: looking for absence of new onset postoperative atrial fibrillation
arm group label: Saline
arm group type: Sham Comparator
description: Patients will receive a stellate ganglion block but with 10ml of 0.9% saline.
arm group label: Treatment
arm group type: Experimental
description: Patients will receive a stellate ganglion block with 10ml of 0.5% bupivacaine
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Bupivacaine
description: Patients will receive a stellate ganglion block using 10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine
arm group label: Treatment
other name: marcaine
other name: Sensorcaine
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Saline
description: Patients will receive a stellate ganglion block using 10 ml of 0.9% saline
arm group label: Saline
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Chris Connors, MD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Spectrum Medical Group, Maine Medical Center
facility: 
country: United States
citation: Mostafa A, El-Haddad MA, Shenoy M, Tuliani T. Atrial fibrillation post cardiac bypass surgery. Avicenna J Med. 2012 Jul;2(3):65-70. doi: 10.4103/2231-0770.102280.
PMID: 23826549
citation: Zhou Q, Hu J, Guo Y, Zhang F, Yang X, Zhang L, Xu X, Wang L, Wang H, Hou Y. Effect of the stellate ganglion on atrial fibrillation and atrial electrophysiological properties and its left-right asymmetry in a canine model. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2013 Winter;18(1):38-42.
PMID: 24294036
citation: Al-Atassi T, Toeg H, Malas T, Lam BK. Mapping and ablation of autonomic ganglia in prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary surgery: MAAPPAFS atrial fibrillation randomized controlled pilot study. Can J Cardiol. 2014 Oct;30(10):1202-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.04.018. Epub 2014 Apr 19.
PMID: 25262862
citation: Yildirim V, Akay HT, Bingol H, Bolcal C, Iyem H, Doganci S, Demirkilic U, Tatar H. Pre-emptive stellate ganglion block increases the patency of radial artery grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007 Apr;51(4):434-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01260.x.
PMID: 17378781
citation: Bidwai AV, Rogers CR, Pearce M, Stanley TH. Preoperative stellate-ganglion blockade to prevent hypertension following coronary-artery operations. Anesthesiology. 1979 Oct;51(4):345-7. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197910000-00015. No abstract available.
PMID: 314762
citation: Donmez A, Tufan H, Tutar N, Araz C, Sezgin A, Karadeli E, Torgay A. In vivo and in vitro effects of stellate ganglion blockade on radial and internal mammary arteries. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2005 Dec;19(6):729-33. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2004.10.008.
PMID: 16326296
citation: Garneau SY, Deschamps A, Couture P, Levesque S, Babin D, Lambert J, Tardif JC, Perrault LP, Denault AY. Preliminary experience in the use of preoperative echo-guided left stellate ganglion block in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2011 Feb;25(1):78-84. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2010.03.007. Epub 2010 Jun 30.
PMID: 20580574
citation: Gopal D, Singh NG, Jagadeesh AM, Ture A, Thimmarayappa A. Comparison of left internal mammary artery diameter before and after left stellate ganglion block. Ann Card Anaesth. 2013 Oct-Dec;16(4):238-42. doi: 10.4103/0971-9784.119161.
PMID: 24107689
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responsible party type: Sponsor-Investigator
investigator affiliation: MaineHealth
investigator full name: Christopher Connors, MD
investigator title: Director of Cardiac Anesthesia
mesh term: Atrial Fibrillation
mesh term: Bupivacaine
sharing ipd: No