<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03247621</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>A-15-170</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03247621</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Exploring the Effects of Social Media Use and Environmental Factors</brief_title>
  <official_title>External Eating: An Investigation of Social Media and Environmental Factors Influencing Eating Behaviours</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Yale-NUS College</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Raffles Institution</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Yale-NUS College</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      In this protocol, the investigators propose a randomised controlled trail to explore the&#xD;
      effects of environmental factors and the use of technology on eating behaviours. The&#xD;
      investigators have planned two studies to investigate these effects, one on high school&#xD;
      students from Raffles Institution, and the other on the university population in the National&#xD;
      University of Singapore.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Participants will be told a cover story that the study explores technological distraction on&#xD;
      taste, and asked to complete a taste-evaluation taste of common snacks. One group&#xD;
      (intervention group) will be asked to use their personal smartphones to engage in their&#xD;
      pre-existing Whatsapp chats while doing the taste test. For the two control conditions, one&#xD;
      group will be tasked with reading a neutral article on their personal smartphones while they&#xD;
      complete the taste test, while the other group will be asked to complete the taste test&#xD;
      without any use of smartphones.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">July 2015</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">July 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">July 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Amount of food consumed</measure>
    <time_frame>20 minutes</time_frame>
    <description>Number of grams of cereal eaten</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Hunger ratings</measure>
    <time_frame>10 minutes</time_frame>
    <description>Self-reported hunger ratings before and after the taste test</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Taste ratings</measure>
    <time_frame>20 minutes</time_frame>
    <description>Self-report on how much they enjoyed the two food products during the taste test</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">180</enrollment>
  <condition>Whatsapp, Article, No Phone</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Whatsapp</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants will engage in Whatsapp chats on their smartphones during the taste test</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Article</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants will read a neutral article on their smartphones during the taste test</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>No Phone</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants will not use their phones during the taste test</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Whatsapp</intervention_name>
    <arm_group_label>Whatsapp</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Article</intervention_name>
    <arm_group_label>Article</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>No Phone</intervention_name>
    <arm_group_label>No Phone</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Normal weight: Body mass index of 18 to 25&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Have at least occasional breakfast meals (≥ 3 times a week of self-reported&#xD;
             consumption of a breakfast meal)&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Symptoms / history of any medical or psychiatric conditions&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Allergies to food products&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of eating disorders&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Excessive exercise (≥ 5 times a week of self-reported exercise)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Currently on a special diet or deliberating restricting caloric intake&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Currently on a weight loss program&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Smoking or substance abuse&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>13 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>26 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Yale-NUS College</name>
      <address>
        <city>Singapore</city>
        <zip>138527</zip>
        <country>Singapore</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Jean Liu, PhD</last_name>
      <email>jeanliu@yale-nus.edu.sg</email>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Singapore</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>August 2017</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>August 9, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 9, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 11, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 9, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 9, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 11, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Yale-NUS College</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Jean Liu</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Assistant Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>external eating, technology</keyword>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03247621
org study id: A-15-170
nct id: NCT03247621
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
In this protocol, the investigators propose a randomised controlled trail to explore the
      effects of environmental factors and the use of technology on eating behaviours. The
      investigators have planned two studies to investigate these effects, one on high school
      students from Raffles Institution, and the other on the university population in the National
      University of Singapore.
Participants will be told a cover story that the study explores technological distraction on
      taste, and asked to complete a taste-evaluation taste of common snacks. One group
      (intervention group) will be asked to use their personal smartphones to engage in their
      pre-existing Whatsapp chats while doing the taste test. For the two control conditions, one
      group will be tasked with reading a neutral article on their personal smartphones while they
      complete the taste test, while the other group will be asked to complete the taste test
      without any use of smartphones.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Prevention
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Amount of food consumed
time frame: 20 minutes
description: Number of grams of cereal eaten
measure: Hunger ratings
time frame: 10 minutes
description: Self-reported hunger ratings before and after the taste test
measure: Taste ratings
time frame: 20 minutes
description: Self-report on how much they enjoyed the two food products during the taste test
arm group label: Whatsapp
arm group type: Experimental
description: Participants will engage in Whatsapp chats on their smartphones during the taste test
arm group label: Article
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: Participants will read a neutral article on their smartphones during the taste test
arm group label: No Phone
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Participants will not use their phones during the taste test
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Whatsapp
arm group label: Whatsapp
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Article
arm group label: Article
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: No Phone
arm group label: No Phone
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 13 Years
maximum age: 26 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
country: Singapore
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Yale-NUS College
investigator full name: Jean Liu
investigator title: Assistant Professor