<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03308318</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>hui_owe</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03308318</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Does the Deep Layer of the Deep Temporalis Fascia Really Exist?</brief_title>
  <official_title>A New Discovery on the Temporal Fascial Layers: Does the Deep Layer of the Deep Temporalis Fascia Really Exist?</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>West China College of Stomatology</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>West China College of Stomatology</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      It has been widely accepted that a split of the deep temporal fascia occurs approximately 2&#xD;
      to 3 cm above the zygomatic arch, named the superficial and deep layers. The deep layer of&#xD;
      the deep temporal fascia lies between superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal muscle.&#xD;
      However, during the investigators' previous surgeries, the investigators did not find the&#xD;
      deep layer of the deep temporal fascia between superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal&#xD;
      muscle. This study was conducted to clarify the presence or absence of the deep layer of the&#xD;
      deep temporal fascia. And the investigators' clinical study has confirmed the absence of the&#xD;
      deep layer of the deep temporal fascia between superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal&#xD;
      muscle.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The anatomic layers of soft tissues of the temporal region, with regard to the deep&#xD;
      temporalis fascia, was investigated in 169 cases operated upon with zygomaticofacial or&#xD;
      craniofacial fractures using the supratemporalis approach from June 2013 to June 2017. Among&#xD;
      167 surgeries, this so-called &quot;deep layer of the deep temporalis fascia&quot; was not observed. In&#xD;
      fact, the superficial temporal fat pad is closely attached to temporal muscle above the&#xD;
      zygomatic arch.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 17, 2013</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">June 13, 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">June 13, 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational [Patient Registry]</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Case-Only</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <target_duration>1 Year</target_duration>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>deep layer of the deep temporal fascia</measure>
    <time_frame>during surgery</time_frame>
    <description>the investigators did not find the deep layer of the deep temporal fascia between superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal muscle</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>1</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Actual">167</enrollment>
  <condition>Anatomy</condition>
  <condition>Temporal Region Trauma</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>the supratemporalis approach</arm_group_label>
    <description>patients operated upon with zygomaticofacial or craniofacial fractures using the supratemporalis approach</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>The supratemporalis approach</intervention_name>
    <description>The incision differs according to specific fracture sites. It can be a hockey stick-shaped incision, hemicoronal incision, and full coronal incision. The first layer of dissection was just under the superficial temporalis fascia.Then, approximately at the level of 3-5cm above the zygomatic arch, our modified incision was carried through the deep temporalis fascia.Next, the superficial fat pad was encountered and retracted anteriorly, which was in close contact of the temporal muscle. Finally, a flap that included skin, subcutaneous tissue, the superficial temporal fascia, the areolar fat tissue, the deep temporalis fascia and the superficial temporal fat was reflected as a whole anteriorly, fully exposing the temporal muscle and zygomatic arch.</description>
    <arm_group_label>the supratemporalis approach</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        all patients diagnosed with zygomaticofacial fractures or craniofacial fractures and&#xD;
        received surgical treatment from the Dr. Lei Liu&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        Clinical and imaging diagnosis of zygomaticofacial or craniofacial fractures A need to&#xD;
        operate using the supratemporalis approach No previously surgical treatment&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        unobvious displaced fracture disagree with the surgical treatment previous unsuccessful&#xD;
        surgery at the temporal region&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>10 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>68 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Lei Liu, DMD</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <reference>
    <citation>Krayenbuhl N, Isolan GR, Hafez A, Yasargil MG. The relationship of the fronto-temporal branches of the facial nerve to the fascias of the temporal region: a literature review applied to practical anatomical dissection. Neurosurg Rev. 2007 Jan;30(1):8-15; discussion 15. doi: 10.1007/s10143-006-0053-5. Epub 2006 Nov 10.</citation>
    <PMID>17096156</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>O'Brien JX, Ashton MW. Relationship of the temporofrontal rami of the facial nerve to the fascial layers of the temporal region. Ann Plast Surg. 2012 Jun;68(6):547-8. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e318221b563.</citation>
    <PMID>22643100</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ammirati M, Spallone A, Ma J, Cheatham M, Becker D. An anatomicosurgical study of the temporal branch of the facial nerve. Neurosurgery. 1993 Dec;33(6):1038-43; discussion 1044. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199312000-00012.</citation>
    <PMID>8133989</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Agarwal CA, Mendenhall SD 3rd, Foreman KB, Owsley JQ. The course of the frontal branch of the facial nerve in relation to fascial planes: an anatomic study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 Feb;125(2):532-537. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181c82e9d.</citation>
    <PMID>20124839</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tellioglu AT, Tekdemir I, Erdemli EA, Tuccar E, Ulusoy G. Temporoparietal fascia: an anatomic and histologic reinvestigation with new potential clinical applications. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Jan;105(1):40-5. doi: 10.1097/00006534-200001000-00007.</citation>
    <PMID>10626968</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Coscarella E, Vishteh AG, Spetzler RF, Seoane E, Zabramski JM. Subfascial and submuscular methods of temporal muscle dissection and their relationship to the frontal branch of the facial nerve. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 2000 May;92(5):877-80. doi: 10.3171/jns.2000.92.5.0877.</citation>
    <PMID>10794306</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wormald PJ, Alun-Jones T. Anatomy of the temporalis fascia. J Laryngol Otol. 1991 Jul;105(7):522-4. doi: 10.1017/s0022215100116500.</citation>
    <PMID>1875131</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Stuzin JM, Wagstrom L, Kawamoto HK, Wolfe SA. Anatomy of the frontal branch of the facial nerve: the significance of the temporal fat pad. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989 Feb;83(2):265-71. doi: 10.1097/00006534-198902000-00011.</citation>
    <PMID>2911626</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Abul-Hassan HS, von Drasek Ascher G, Acland RD. Surgical anatomy and blood supply of the fascial layers of the temporal region. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986 Jan;77(1):17-28.</citation>
    <PMID>3941846</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tolhurst DE, Carstens MH, Greco RJ, Hurwitz DJ. The surgical anatomy of the scalp. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991 Apr;87(4):603-12; discussion 613-4.</citation>
    <PMID>2008459</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ramirez OM. Endoscopic techniques in facial rejuvenation: an overview. Part I. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1994 Spring;18(2):141-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00454473.</citation>
    <PMID>8017216</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Stuzin JM, Baker TJ, Gordon HL. The relationship of the superficial and deep facial fascias: relevance to rhytidectomy and aging. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992 Mar;89(3):441-9; discussion 450-1.</citation>
    <PMID>1741467</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Accioli de Vasconcellos JJ, Britto JA, Henin D, Vacher C. The fascial planes of the temple and face: an en-bloc anatomical study and a plea for consistency. Br J Plast Surg. 2003 Oct;56(7):623-9. doi: 10.1016/s0007-1226(03)00310-2.</citation>
    <PMID>12969659</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Campiglio GL, Candiani P. Anatomical study on the temporal fascial layers and their relationships with the facial nerve. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1997 Mar-Apr;21(2):69-74. doi: 10.1007/s002669900086.</citation>
    <PMID>9143418</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rowe NL. Surgery of the temporomandibular joint. Proc R Soc Med. 1972 Apr;65(4):383-8. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>5024527</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Al-Kayat A, Bramley P. A modified pre-auricular approach to the temporomandibular joint and malar arch. Br J Oral Surg. 1979 Nov;17(2):91-103. doi: 10.1016/s0007-117x(79)80036-0.</citation>
    <PMID>298842</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Politi M, Toro C, Cian R, Costa F, Robiony M. The deep subfascial approach to the temporomandibular joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004 Sep;62(9):1097-102. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2003.10.013.</citation>
    <PMID>15346360</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Candirli C, Celik S. Efficacy of deep subfascial approach to the temporomandibular joint. J Craniofac Surg. 2012 Mar;23(2):e126-9. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31824cdb5c.</citation>
    <PMID>22446445</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nellestam P, Eriksson L. Preauricular approach to the temporomandibular joint: a postoperative follow-up on nerve function, hemorrhage and esthetics. Swed Dent J. 1997;21(1-2):19-24.</citation>
    <PMID>9178446</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gosain AK, Sewall SR, Yousif NJ. The temporal branch of the facial nerve: how reliably can we predict its path? Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997 Apr;99(5):1224-33; discussion 1234-6. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199704001-00003.</citation>
    <PMID>9105349</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hochberg J, Kaufman H, Ardenghy M. Saving the frontal branch during a low fronto-orbital approach. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1995 Mar-Apr;19(2):161-3. doi: 10.1007/BF00450252.</citation>
    <PMID>7598027</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kenkere D, Srinath KS, Reddy M. Deep subfascial approach to the temporal area. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013 Feb;71(2):382-8. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.04.019. Epub 2012 Jun 16.</citation>
    <PMID>22705217</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Li H, Zhang G, Cui J, Liu W, Dilxat D, Liu L. A Modified Preauricular Approach for Treating Intracapsular Condylar Fractures to Prevent Facial Nerve Injury: The Supratemporalis Approach. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 May;74(5):1013-22. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.12.013. Epub 2016 Jan 7.</citation>
    <PMID>26844401</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Babakurban ST, Cakmak O, Kendir S, Elhan A, Quatela VC. Temporal branch of the facial nerve and its relationship to fascial layers. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2010 Jan-Feb;12(1):16-23. doi: 10.1001/archfacial.2009.96.</citation>
    <PMID>20083736</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kim S, Matic DB. The anatomy of temporal hollowing: the superficial temporal fat pad. J Craniofac Surg. 2005 Sep;16(5):760-3. doi: 10.1097/01.scs.0000180010.83480.10.</citation>
    <PMID>16192853</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tremolada C, Candiani P, Signorini M, Vigano M, Donati L. The surgical anatomy of the subcutaneous fascial system of the scalp. Ann Plast Surg. 1994 Jan;32(1):8-14. doi: 10.1097/00000637-199401000-00002.</citation>
    <PMID>8141539</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ramirez OM, Maillard GF, Musolas A. The extended subperiosteal face lift: a definitive soft-tissue remodeling for facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991 Aug;88(2):227-36; discussion 237-8.</citation>
    <PMID>1852815</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kadri PA, Al-Mefty O. The anatomical basis for surgical preservation of temporal muscle. J Neurosurg. 2004 Mar;100(3):517-22. doi: 10.3171/jns.2004.100.3.0517.</citation>
    <PMID>15035289</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Davidge KM, van Furth WR, Agur A, Cusimano M. Naming the soft tissue layers of the temporoparietal region: unifying anatomic terminology across surgical disciplines. Neurosurgery. 2010 Sep;67(3 Suppl Operative):ons120-9; discussion ons129-30. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000383132.34056.61.</citation>
    <PMID>20679939</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>October 2017</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>October 5, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>October 5, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">October 12, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>October 11, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>October 11, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">October 13, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>West China College of Stomatology</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Hui Li</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Principal Investigator</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Deep temporal fascia</keyword>
  <keyword>Deep layer of the deep temporal fascia</keyword>
  <keyword>Superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia</keyword>
  <keyword>Temporal fascial layers</keyword>
  <keyword>Temporal anatomy</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Craniocerebral Trauma</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03308318
org study id: hui_owe
nct id: NCT03308318
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
It has been widely accepted that a split of the deep temporal fascia occurs approximately 2
      to 3 cm above the zygomatic arch, named the superficial and deep layers. The deep layer of
      the deep temporal fascia lies between superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal muscle.
      However, during the investigators' previous surgeries, the investigators did not find the
      deep layer of the deep temporal fascia between superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal
      muscle. This study was conducted to clarify the presence or absence of the deep layer of the
      deep temporal fascia. And the investigators' clinical study has confirmed the absence of the
      deep layer of the deep temporal fascia between superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal
      muscle.
The anatomic layers of soft tissues of the temporal region, with regard to the deep
      temporalis fascia, was investigated in 169 cases operated upon with zygomaticofacial or
      craniofacial fractures using the supratemporalis approach from June 2013 to June 2017. Among
      167 surgeries, this so-called "deep layer of the deep temporalis fascia" was not observed. In
      fact, the superficial temporal fat pad is closely attached to temporal muscle above the
      zygomatic arch.
observational model: Case-Only
time perspective: Prospective
measure: deep layer of the deep temporal fascia
time frame: during surgery
description: the investigators did not find the deep layer of the deep temporal fascia between superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal muscle
arm group label: the supratemporalis approach
description: patients operated upon with zygomaticofacial or craniofacial fractures using the supratemporalis approach
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: The supratemporalis approach
description: The incision differs according to specific fracture sites. It can be a hockey stick-shaped incision, hemicoronal incision, and full coronal incision. The first layer of dissection was just under the superficial temporalis fascia.Then, approximately at the level of 3-5cm above the zygomatic arch, our modified incision was carried through the deep temporalis fascia.Next, the superficial fat pad was encountered and retracted anteriorly, which was in close contact of the temporal muscle. Finally, a flap that included skin, subcutaneous tissue, the superficial temporal fascia, the areolar fat tissue, the deep temporalis fascia and the superficial temporal fat was reflected as a whole anteriorly, fully exposing the temporal muscle and zygomatic arch.
arm group label: the supratemporalis approach
study pop: 
sampling method: Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 10 Years
maximum age: 68 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Lei Liu, DMD
role: Study Director
affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
citation: Krayenbuhl N, Isolan GR, Hafez A, Yasargil MG. The relationship of the fronto-temporal branches of the facial nerve to the fascias of the temporal region: a literature review applied to practical anatomical dissection. Neurosurg Rev. 2007 Jan;30(1):8-15; discussion 15. doi: 10.1007/s10143-006-0053-5. Epub 2006 Nov 10.
PMID: 17096156
citation: O'Brien JX, Ashton MW. Relationship of the temporofrontal rami of the facial nerve to the fascial layers of the temporal region. Ann Plast Surg. 2012 Jun;68(6):547-8. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e318221b563.
PMID: 22643100
citation: Ammirati M, Spallone A, Ma J, Cheatham M, Becker D. An anatomicosurgical study of the temporal branch of the facial nerve. Neurosurgery. 1993 Dec;33(6):1038-43; discussion 1044. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199312000-00012.
PMID: 8133989
citation: Agarwal CA, Mendenhall SD 3rd, Foreman KB, Owsley JQ. The course of the frontal branch of the facial nerve in relation to fascial planes: an anatomic study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 Feb;125(2):532-537. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181c82e9d.
PMID: 20124839
citation: Tellioglu AT, Tekdemir I, Erdemli EA, Tuccar E, Ulusoy G. Temporoparietal fascia: an anatomic and histologic reinvestigation with new potential clinical applications. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Jan;105(1):40-5. doi: 10.1097/00006534-200001000-00007.
PMID: 10626968
citation: Coscarella E, Vishteh AG, Spetzler RF, Seoane E, Zabramski JM. Subfascial and submuscular methods of temporal muscle dissection and their relationship to the frontal branch of the facial nerve. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 2000 May;92(5):877-80. doi: 10.3171/jns.2000.92.5.0877.
PMID: 10794306
citation: Wormald PJ, Alun-Jones T. Anatomy of the temporalis fascia. J Laryngol Otol. 1991 Jul;105(7):522-4. doi: 10.1017/s0022215100116500.
PMID: 1875131
citation: Stuzin JM, Wagstrom L, Kawamoto HK, Wolfe SA. Anatomy of the frontal branch of the facial nerve: the significance of the temporal fat pad. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989 Feb;83(2):265-71. doi: 10.1097/00006534-198902000-00011.
PMID: 2911626
citation: Abul-Hassan HS, von Drasek Ascher G, Acland RD. Surgical anatomy and blood supply of the fascial layers of the temporal region. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986 Jan;77(1):17-28.
PMID: 3941846
citation: Tolhurst DE, Carstens MH, Greco RJ, Hurwitz DJ. The surgical anatomy of the scalp. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991 Apr;87(4):603-12; discussion 613-4.
PMID: 2008459
citation: Ramirez OM. Endoscopic techniques in facial rejuvenation: an overview. Part I. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1994 Spring;18(2):141-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00454473.
PMID: 8017216
citation: Stuzin JM, Baker TJ, Gordon HL. The relationship of the superficial and deep facial fascias: relevance to rhytidectomy and aging. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992 Mar;89(3):441-9; discussion 450-1.
PMID: 1741467
citation: Accioli de Vasconcellos JJ, Britto JA, Henin D, Vacher C. The fascial planes of the temple and face: an en-bloc anatomical study and a plea for consistency. Br J Plast Surg. 2003 Oct;56(7):623-9. doi: 10.1016/s0007-1226(03)00310-2.
PMID: 12969659
citation: Campiglio GL, Candiani P. Anatomical study on the temporal fascial layers and their relationships with the facial nerve. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1997 Mar-Apr;21(2):69-74. doi: 10.1007/s002669900086.
PMID: 9143418
citation: Rowe NL. Surgery of the temporomandibular joint. Proc R Soc Med. 1972 Apr;65(4):383-8. No abstract available.
PMID: 5024527
citation: Al-Kayat A, Bramley P. A modified pre-auricular approach to the temporomandibular joint and malar arch. Br J Oral Surg. 1979 Nov;17(2):91-103. doi: 10.1016/s0007-117x(79)80036-0.
PMID: 298842
citation: Politi M, Toro C, Cian R, Costa F, Robiony M. The deep subfascial approach to the temporomandibular joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004 Sep;62(9):1097-102. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2003.10.013.
PMID: 15346360
citation: Candirli C, Celik S. Efficacy of deep subfascial approach to the temporomandibular joint. J Craniofac Surg. 2012 Mar;23(2):e126-9. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31824cdb5c.
PMID: 22446445
citation: Nellestam P, Eriksson L. Preauricular approach to the temporomandibular joint: a postoperative follow-up on nerve function, hemorrhage and esthetics. Swed Dent J. 1997;21(1-2):19-24.
PMID: 9178446
citation: Gosain AK, Sewall SR, Yousif NJ. The temporal branch of the facial nerve: how reliably can we predict its path? Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997 Apr;99(5):1224-33; discussion 1234-6. doi: 10.1097/00006534-199704001-00003.
PMID: 9105349
citation: Hochberg J, Kaufman H, Ardenghy M. Saving the frontal branch during a low fronto-orbital approach. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1995 Mar-Apr;19(2):161-3. doi: 10.1007/BF00450252.
PMID: 7598027
citation: Kenkere D, Srinath KS, Reddy M. Deep subfascial approach to the temporal area. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013 Feb;71(2):382-8. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.04.019. Epub 2012 Jun 16.
PMID: 22705217
citation: Li H, Zhang G, Cui J, Liu W, Dilxat D, Liu L. A Modified Preauricular Approach for Treating Intracapsular Condylar Fractures to Prevent Facial Nerve Injury: The Supratemporalis Approach. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 May;74(5):1013-22. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.12.013. Epub 2016 Jan 7.
PMID: 26844401
citation: Babakurban ST, Cakmak O, Kendir S, Elhan A, Quatela VC. Temporal branch of the facial nerve and its relationship to fascial layers. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2010 Jan-Feb;12(1):16-23. doi: 10.1001/archfacial.2009.96.
PMID: 20083736
citation: Kim S, Matic DB. The anatomy of temporal hollowing: the superficial temporal fat pad. J Craniofac Surg. 2005 Sep;16(5):760-3. doi: 10.1097/01.scs.0000180010.83480.10.
PMID: 16192853
citation: Tremolada C, Candiani P, Signorini M, Vigano M, Donati L. The surgical anatomy of the subcutaneous fascial system of the scalp. Ann Plast Surg. 1994 Jan;32(1):8-14. doi: 10.1097/00000637-199401000-00002.
PMID: 8141539
citation: Ramirez OM, Maillard GF, Musolas A. The extended subperiosteal face lift: a definitive soft-tissue remodeling for facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1991 Aug;88(2):227-36; discussion 237-8.
PMID: 1852815
citation: Kadri PA, Al-Mefty O. The anatomical basis for surgical preservation of temporal muscle. J Neurosurg. 2004 Mar;100(3):517-22. doi: 10.3171/jns.2004.100.3.0517.
PMID: 15035289
citation: Davidge KM, van Furth WR, Agur A, Cusimano M. Naming the soft tissue layers of the temporoparietal region: unifying anatomic terminology across surgical disciplines. Neurosurgery. 2010 Sep;67(3 Suppl Operative):ons120-9; discussion ons129-30. doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000383132.34056.61.
PMID: 20679939
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: West China College of Stomatology
investigator full name: Hui Li
investigator title: Principal Investigator
mesh term: Craniocerebral Trauma
sharing ipd: No