<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03257904</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>SynapseICU</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03257904</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>iNtrAcranial PreSsurE in Intensive Care (ICU) (SynapseICU)</brief_title>
  <acronym>SynapseICU</acronym>
  <official_title>International Prospective Observational StudY on iNtrAcranial PreSsurE in Intensive Care (ICU) (SynapseICU)</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of Milano Bicocca</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>European Society of Intensive Care Medicine</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Milano Bicocca</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is the most common neuromonitoring modality used in&#xD;
      neurocritical care units (NCCU) around the world. Uncertainties remain around intracranial&#xD;
      pressure monitoring both in traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury, and variation in&#xD;
      clinical practice of intracranial pressure monitoring exists between neurocritical care&#xD;
      units.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The objectives of the study will explore intracranial pressure monitoring variation in&#xD;
      practice to prioritise uncertainties in the clinical management of critical care patients&#xD;
      with acute brain injury and support further collaborative hypotheses-based prospective&#xD;
      studies.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is the most common neuromonitoring modality used in&#xD;
      neurocritical care units (NCCU) around the world. Uncertainties remain around intracranial&#xD;
      pressure monitoring both in traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury, and variation in&#xD;
      clinical practice of intracranial pressure monitoring exists between neurocritical care&#xD;
      units.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The objectives of the study will explore intracranial pressure monitoring variation in&#xD;
      practice to prioritise uncertainties in the clinical management of critical care patients&#xD;
      with acute brain injury and support further collaborative hypotheses-based prospective&#xD;
      studies.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Sample Size: This international prospective observational study aims to recruit &gt;2000&#xD;
      patients in coma after acute traumatic and non-traumatic brain damage admitted to &gt;200&#xD;
      Intensive Care Units.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Acute brain injury (ABI) admitted to ICU following:&#xD;
&#xD;
             1. Hemorrhagic stroke, including intracerebral hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage,&#xD;
&#xD;
             2. Traumatic brain injury (penetrating and non-penetrating).&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Age &gt;18 years old&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Glasgow Coma Score with Eyes response = 1 (no eyes opening) and Motor score ≤5 (not&#xD;
           following commands) at the admission to ICU or neuro-worsening within the first 48 hours&#xD;
           with no eye opening and the Motor score decreased to ≤5&#xD;
&#xD;
      Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  ABI who are not admitted to ICU;&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  ABI due to infections of the central nervous system, ischemic stroke or other causes not&#xD;
           defined in the inclusion criteria&#xD;
&#xD;
      Outcome measures:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Glasgow Outcome Score-Extended at 6 months&#xD;
&#xD;
      Endpoint:&#xD;
&#xD;
      The primary endpoint is the variation in clinical practice around ICP monitoring in acute&#xD;
      brain injury patients.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Screening and recruitment: 12 weeks at each centre, or the duration required to enrol 90&#xD;
      patients per centre.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Follow-up: outcome measures will be collected at 6 months.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Duration of study: 2 years.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The SYNAPSE-ICU study is partly funded by ESICM (ESICM Trials Group Portfolio).&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">March 15, 2018</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">June 11, 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 31, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Cohort</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Long-term outcome measures of neurological disability</measure>
    <time_frame>6 months</time_frame>
    <description>Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <enrollment type="Actual">2395</enrollment>
  <condition>Traumatic Brain Injury</condition>
  <condition>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage</condition>
  <condition>Intracerebral Hemorrhage</condition>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>intracranial pressure monitoring</intervention_name>
    <description>measurement of intracranial pressure</description>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        Hemorrhagic stroke, including intracerebral hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage, Traumatic&#xD;
        brain injury&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. Age &gt; 18 years;&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. Diagnosis of an acute brain injury (ABI) due to primary hemorrhagic stroke (including&#xD;
             intracranial hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage) or traumatic brain injury;&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. Glasgow Coma Score with Eyes response = 1 (no eyes opening) and Motor score ≤5 (not&#xD;
             following commands) at the admission to ICU or neuro-worsening within the first 48&#xD;
             hours with no eye opening and the Motor score decreased to ≤5.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. Acute Brain Injury (ABI) who are not admitted to ICU;&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. ABI due to infections of the central nervous system, ischaemic stroke or other causes&#xD;
             not defined in the inclusion criteria.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Giuseppe Citerio</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>University Milano Bicocca</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>ASST-Monza</name>
      <address>
        <city>Monza</city>
        <state>MB</state>
        <zip>20900</zip>
        <country>Italy</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Italy</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Stocchetti N, Carbonara M, Citerio G, Ercole A, Skrifvars MB, Smielewski P, Zoerle T, Menon DK. Severe traumatic brain injury: targeted management in the intensive care unit. Lancet Neurol. 2017 Jun;16(6):452-464. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30118-7.</citation>
    <PMID>28504109</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Carney N, Totten AM, O'Reilly C, Ullman JS, Hawryluk GW, Bell MJ, Bratton SL, Chesnut R, Harris OA, Kissoon N, Rubiano AM, Shutter L, Tasker RC, Vavilala MS, Wilberger J, Wright DW, Ghajar J. Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Fourth Edition. Neurosurgery. 2017 Jan 1;80(1):6-15. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001432.</citation>
    <PMID>27654000</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cnossen MC, Scholten AC, Lingsma HF, Synnot A, Tavender E, Gantner D, Lecky F, Steyerberg EW, Polinder S. Adherence to Guidelines in Adult Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Living Systematic Review. J Neurotrauma. 2021 Apr 15;38(8):1072-1085. doi: 10.1089/neu.2015.4121. Epub 2016 Aug 25.</citation>
    <PMID>26431625</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Helbok R, Olson DM, Le Roux PD, Vespa P; Participants in the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring. Intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure monitoring in non-TBI patients: special considerations. Neurocrit Care. 2014 Dec;21 Suppl 2:S85-94. doi: 10.1007/s12028-014-0040-6.</citation>
    <PMID>25208677</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chesnut RM, Bleck TP, Citerio G, Classen J, Cooper DJ, Coplin WM, Diringer MN, Grande PO, Hemphill JC 3rd, Hutchinson PJ, Le Roux P, Mayer SA, Menon DK, Myburgh JA, Okonkwo DO, Robertson CS, Sahuquillo J, Stocchetti N, Sung G, Temkin N, Vespa PM, Videtta W, Yonas H. A Consensus-Based Interpretation of the Benchmark Evidence from South American Trials: Treatment of Intracranial Pressure Trial. J Neurotrauma. 2015 Nov 15;32(22):1722-4. doi: 10.1089/neu.2015.3976. Epub 2015 Aug 31.</citation>
    <PMID>26061135</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hemphill JC 3rd, Greenberg SM, Anderson CS, Becker K, Bendok BR, Cushman M, Fung GL, Goldstein JN, Macdonald RL, Mitchell PH, Scott PA, Selim MH, Woo D; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology. Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2015 Jul;46(7):2032-60. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000069. Epub 2015 May 28.</citation>
    <PMID>26022637</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chesnut R, Videtta W, Vespa P, Le Roux P; Participants in the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring. Intracranial pressure monitoring: fundamental considerations and rationale for monitoring. Neurocrit Care. 2014 Dec;21 Suppl 2:S64-84. doi: 10.1007/s12028-014-0048-y.</citation>
    <PMID>25208680</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Le Roux P, Menon DK, Citerio G, Vespa P, Bader MK, Brophy GM, Diringer MN, Stocchetti N, Videtta W, Armonda R, Badjatia N, Boesel J, Chesnut R, Chou S, Claassen J, Czosnyka M, De Georgia M, Figaji A, Fugate J, Helbok R, Horowitz D, Hutchinson P, Kumar M, McNett M, Miller C, Naidech A, Oddo M, Olson D, O'Phelan K, Provencio JJ, Puppo C, Riker R, Robertson C, Schmidt M, Taccone F; Neurocritical Care Society; European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Consensus summary statement of the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care : a statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Sep;40(9):1189-209. doi: 10.1007/s00134-014-3369-6. Epub 2014 Aug 20.</citation>
    <PMID>25138226</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Stocchetti N, Maas AI. Traumatic intracranial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 4;371(10):972. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1407775. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>25184881</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wilson JT, Pettigrew LE, Teasdale GM. Structured interviews for the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale: guidelines for their use. J Neurotrauma. 1998 Aug;15(8):573-85. doi: 10.1089/neu.1998.15.573.</citation>
    <PMID>9726257</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cossu G, Messerer M, Stocchetti N, Levivier M, Daniel RT, Oddo M. Intracranial pressure and outcome in critically ill patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016 Jun;82(6):684-96. Epub 2016 Apr 5.</citation>
    <PMID>27045637</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Citerio G, Oddo M, Taccone FS. Recommendations for the use of multimodal monitoring in the neurointensive care unit. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2015 Apr;21(2):113-9. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000179.</citation>
    <PMID>25689123</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Stocchetti N, Le Roux P, Vespa P, Oddo M, Citerio G, Andrews PJ, Stevens RD, Sharshar T, Taccone FS, Vincent JL. Clinical review: neuromonitoring - an update. Crit Care. 2013 Jan 15;17(1):201. doi: 10.1186/cc11513.</citation>
    <PMID>23320763</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>July 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>August 17, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 19, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Actual">August 22, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>July 1, 2020</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>July 1, 2020</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">July 7, 2020</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University of Milano Bicocca</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Giuseppe Citerio, MD</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>intracranial pressure</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Brain Injuries</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Brain Injuries, Traumatic</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Cerebral Hemorrhage</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Hemorrhage</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03257904
org study id: SynapseICU
nct id: NCT03257904
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is the most common neuromonitoring modality used in
      neurocritical care units (NCCU) around the world. Uncertainties remain around intracranial
      pressure monitoring both in traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury, and variation in
      clinical practice of intracranial pressure monitoring exists between neurocritical care
      units.

      The objectives of the study will explore intracranial pressure monitoring variation in
      practice to prioritise uncertainties in the clinical management of critical care patients
      with acute brain injury and support further collaborative hypotheses-based prospective
      studies.
Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is the most common neuromonitoring modality used in
      neurocritical care units (NCCU) around the world. Uncertainties remain around intracranial
      pressure monitoring both in traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury, and variation in
      clinical practice of intracranial pressure monitoring exists between neurocritical care
      units.

      The objectives of the study will explore intracranial pressure monitoring variation in
      practice to prioritise uncertainties in the clinical management of critical care patients
      with acute brain injury and support further collaborative hypotheses-based prospective
      studies.

      Sample Size: This international prospective observational study aims to recruit >2000
      patients in coma after acute traumatic and non-traumatic brain damage admitted to >200
      Intensive Care Units.

      Inclusion Criteria:

        -  Acute brain injury (ABI) admitted to ICU following:

             1. Hemorrhagic stroke, including intracerebral hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage,

             2. Traumatic brain injury (penetrating and non-penetrating).

        -  Age >18 years old

        -  Glasgow Coma Score with Eyes response = 1 (no eyes opening) and Motor score ≤5 (not
           following commands) at the admission to ICU or neuro-worsening within the first 48 hours
           with no eye opening and the Motor score decreased to ≤5

      Exclusion Criteria:

        -  ABI who are not admitted to ICU;

        -  ABI due to infections of the central nervous system, ischemic stroke or other causes not
           defined in the inclusion criteria

      Outcome measures:

      Glasgow Outcome Score-Extended at 6 months

      Endpoint:

      The primary endpoint is the variation in clinical practice around ICP monitoring in acute
      brain injury patients.

      Screening and recruitment: 12 weeks at each centre, or the duration required to enrol 90
      patients per centre.

      Follow-up: outcome measures will be collected at 6 months.

      Duration of study: 2 years.

      The SYNAPSE-ICU study is partly funded by ESICM (ESICM Trials Group Portfolio).
observational model: Cohort
time perspective: Prospective
measure: Long-term outcome measures of neurological disability
time frame: 6 months
description: Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: intracranial pressure monitoring
description: measurement of intracranial pressure
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Giuseppe Citerio
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: University Milano Bicocca
facility: 
country: Italy
citation: Stocchetti N, Carbonara M, Citerio G, Ercole A, Skrifvars MB, Smielewski P, Zoerle T, Menon DK. Severe traumatic brain injury: targeted management in the intensive care unit. Lancet Neurol. 2017 Jun;16(6):452-464. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30118-7.
PMID: 28504109
citation: Carney N, Totten AM, O'Reilly C, Ullman JS, Hawryluk GW, Bell MJ, Bratton SL, Chesnut R, Harris OA, Kissoon N, Rubiano AM, Shutter L, Tasker RC, Vavilala MS, Wilberger J, Wright DW, Ghajar J. Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Fourth Edition. Neurosurgery. 2017 Jan 1;80(1):6-15. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000001432.
PMID: 27654000
citation: Cnossen MC, Scholten AC, Lingsma HF, Synnot A, Tavender E, Gantner D, Lecky F, Steyerberg EW, Polinder S. Adherence to Guidelines in Adult Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Living Systematic Review. J Neurotrauma. 2021 Apr 15;38(8):1072-1085. doi: 10.1089/neu.2015.4121. Epub 2016 Aug 25.
PMID: 26431625
citation: Helbok R, Olson DM, Le Roux PD, Vespa P; Participants in the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring. Intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure monitoring in non-TBI patients: special considerations. Neurocrit Care. 2014 Dec;21 Suppl 2:S85-94. doi: 10.1007/s12028-014-0040-6.
PMID: 25208677
citation: Chesnut RM, Bleck TP, Citerio G, Classen J, Cooper DJ, Coplin WM, Diringer MN, Grande PO, Hemphill JC 3rd, Hutchinson PJ, Le Roux P, Mayer SA, Menon DK, Myburgh JA, Okonkwo DO, Robertson CS, Sahuquillo J, Stocchetti N, Sung G, Temkin N, Vespa PM, Videtta W, Yonas H. A Consensus-Based Interpretation of the Benchmark Evidence from South American Trials: Treatment of Intracranial Pressure Trial. J Neurotrauma. 2015 Nov 15;32(22):1722-4. doi: 10.1089/neu.2015.3976. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
PMID: 26061135
citation: Hemphill JC 3rd, Greenberg SM, Anderson CS, Becker K, Bendok BR, Cushman M, Fung GL, Goldstein JN, Macdonald RL, Mitchell PH, Scott PA, Selim MH, Woo D; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology. Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2015 Jul;46(7):2032-60. doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000069. Epub 2015 May 28.
PMID: 26022637
citation: Chesnut R, Videtta W, Vespa P, Le Roux P; Participants in the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring. Intracranial pressure monitoring: fundamental considerations and rationale for monitoring. Neurocrit Care. 2014 Dec;21 Suppl 2:S64-84. doi: 10.1007/s12028-014-0048-y.
PMID: 25208680
citation: Le Roux P, Menon DK, Citerio G, Vespa P, Bader MK, Brophy GM, Diringer MN, Stocchetti N, Videtta W, Armonda R, Badjatia N, Boesel J, Chesnut R, Chou S, Claassen J, Czosnyka M, De Georgia M, Figaji A, Fugate J, Helbok R, Horowitz D, Hutchinson P, Kumar M, McNett M, Miller C, Naidech A, Oddo M, Olson D, O'Phelan K, Provencio JJ, Puppo C, Riker R, Robertson C, Schmidt M, Taccone F; Neurocritical Care Society; European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Consensus summary statement of the International Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference on Multimodality Monitoring in Neurocritical Care : a statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Sep;40(9):1189-209. doi: 10.1007/s00134-014-3369-6. Epub 2014 Aug 20.
PMID: 25138226
citation: Stocchetti N, Maas AI. Traumatic intracranial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 4;371(10):972. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1407775. No abstract available.
PMID: 25184881
citation: Wilson JT, Pettigrew LE, Teasdale GM. Structured interviews for the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale: guidelines for their use. J Neurotrauma. 1998 Aug;15(8):573-85. doi: 10.1089/neu.1998.15.573.
PMID: 9726257
citation: Cossu G, Messerer M, Stocchetti N, Levivier M, Daniel RT, Oddo M. Intracranial pressure and outcome in critically ill patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016 Jun;82(6):684-96. Epub 2016 Apr 5.
PMID: 27045637
citation: Citerio G, Oddo M, Taccone FS. Recommendations for the use of multimodal monitoring in the neurointensive care unit. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2015 Apr;21(2):113-9. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000179.
PMID: 25689123
citation: Stocchetti N, Le Roux P, Vespa P, Oddo M, Citerio G, Andrews PJ, Stevens RD, Sharshar T, Taccone FS, Vincent JL. Clinical review: neuromonitoring - an update. Crit Care. 2013 Jan 15;17(1):201. doi: 10.1186/cc11513.
PMID: 23320763
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: University of Milano Bicocca
investigator full name: Giuseppe Citerio, MD
investigator title: Professor
mesh term: Brain Injuries
mesh term: Brain Injuries, Traumatic
mesh term: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
mesh term: Cerebral Hemorrhage
mesh term: Hemorrhage
sharing ipd: No