<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03022266</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>W000001</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03022266</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>A Behavioral Economics-Based Telehealth Intervention to Improve Post-MI Medication Adherence</brief_title>
  <official_title>A Behavioral Economics-Based Telehealth Intervention to Improve Post-MI Medication Adherence</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Wellth Inc.</agency>
      <agency_class>Industry</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University of Pennsylvania</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Wellth Inc.</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The proposed study is a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT). Participants in the&#xD;
      intervention arm will participate in a 90-day adherence promotion program based on the theory&#xD;
      of behavioral economics and administered through the Wellth mobile phone application.&#xD;
      Subjects will be provided a CleverCap® Lite BLE C035 smart pill bottle (electronic monitoring&#xD;
      (EM), device) containing a 90-day supply of aspirin (90 pills) and those in the intervention&#xD;
      arm will be offered $150 for app-based medication check-ins, which consist of uploading daily&#xD;
      photos of pills at the time of administration through the Wellth app. Subjects will have $2&#xD;
      deducted from total rewards for each day that a medication check-in is missed. Subjects in&#xD;
      the control arm will receive usual care and be monitored with the same EM device types used&#xD;
      in the intervention arm.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Medication adherence is a quantifiable parameter detailing when and how consistently doses&#xD;
      are taken. Elements of medication adherence include: 1) the proportion of prescribed drug&#xD;
      taken or %PDT (primary outcome); 2) the proportion of days with the correct number of doses&#xD;
      taken; 3) the proportion of doses taken on time, in relation to a prescription-defined time&#xD;
      interval between successive doses; 4) the distribution of inter-dose intervals; 5) the number&#xD;
      of drug holidays; and 6) the longest interval between two doses [Vrijens et al. British&#xD;
      journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012;73(5):691-705]. Medication adherence will be assessed&#xD;
      in all participants using EM technology manufactured by CleverCaps®. Electronic Monitoring&#xD;
      (EM) is more sensitive, reliable and valid than other measurement techniques such as pill&#xD;
      counts, self-reports, or clinical judgment [Vrijens et al. Expert review of clinical&#xD;
      pharmacology. 2014;7(5):633-644]. In this study the investigators will monitor a single drug,&#xD;
      aspirin, in MI patients prescribed aspirin on hospital discharge.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In addition to measurement of medication adherence using an EM device, the investigators will&#xD;
      measure adherence using the Wellth cell phone app in the intervention arm. Participants in&#xD;
      the intervention arm will also be asked to track their medication-taking habits by uploading&#xD;
      photos of their medications at the appropriate dosage times using the Wellth app.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Readmissions will be measured using the EMR and by interview to capture events outside the&#xD;
      Penn system. Events will be classified according to timing (e.g. 30-day readmission) and&#xD;
      cause (e.g. cardiac, all-cause). This study is not designed to detect a statistically&#xD;
      significant difference in readmissions.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">February 1, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">November 14, 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">August 16, 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Investigator)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Medication Adherence</measure>
    <time_frame>90 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Better medication adherence at 90 days as Percentage of Doses Taken (%PDT) using CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring devices</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>30-Day All-cause Readmissions</measure>
    <time_frame>30 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Average rates of hospital readmissions within 30 days assessed by medical record review and patient interviews</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>90-Day All-cause Readmissions</measure>
    <time_frame>90 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Average rates of hospital readmissions within 90 days assessed by medical record review and patient interviews</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Medication adherence assessed using patient smartphone photos</measure>
    <time_frame>90 Days</time_frame>
    <description>% PDT will not differ between the app and electronic monitoring measurement approaches</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Self-reported self-care</measure>
    <time_frame>90 Days</time_frame>
    <description>Self-care of coronary heart disease inventory</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">130</enrollment>
  <condition>Myocardial Infarction, Acute</condition>
  <condition>Myocardial Infarction</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Intervention Arm</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants receiving the Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App will be given an smartphone app offering pill reminders and $50/month financial incentives for three months to upload photos of medication each day for 90 days. Medication adherence will be measured via a CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring pillbox.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Usual Care Control Arm</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants in the usual care control arm will receive the usual education about medications provided by hospital staff. Medication adherence will be measured via a CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring pillbox.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App</intervention_name>
    <description>Subjects receiving the Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App will each participate in a 90-day adherence promotion program. When users first log in to the app, the screen will display an incentive of $150 that participants have earned by enrolling in the program. Participants will be told that each missed medication check-in will result in a $2 deduction from the account before it is paid out. Each $50 portion (minus any penalties) of the $150 incentive will be paid out in 30-day installments by remotely crediting a previously distributed debit card. Adherence will be measured simultaneously by app photos and CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring (EM) devices filled with a 90-day supply of aspirin. Claims data will be analyzed for a 90 day period to account for any hospital admissions.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Intervention Arm</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Smartphone App</other_name>
    <other_name>Wellth App</other_name>
    <other_name>Adherence</other_name>
    <other_name>Mobile Phone App</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Over 21 years of age&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Admitted to one of the University of Pennsylvania hospitals for acute myocardial&#xD;
             infarction (ICD-10 codes I21.xx) or unstable angina (ICD 10 codes I20.xxx)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Prescribed once-per-day aspirin at discharge&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  The patient administers his or her own medications&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Own a smartphone with a sufficient data plan or home Wi-Fi to enable app use and avoid&#xD;
             overage charges&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Able to speak and understand English&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Diagnosis of MI following non-cardiac admission&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Discharge to any facility other than the patient's home&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Cognitive impairment that limits ability to understand and complete questionnaires&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Inability to operate a mobile phone and the Wellth app&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Physician-estimated life expectancy less than 6 months&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>21 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Barbara J Riegel, PhD, RN</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>University of Pennsylvania</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>University of Pennsylvania</name>
      <address>
        <city>Philadelphia</city>
        <state>Pennsylvania</state>
        <zip>19104</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <link>
    <url>http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm</url>
    <description>Heart Disease Facts. CDC. Accessed 8/12/16.</description>
  </link>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ho PM, Bryson CL, Rumsfeld JS. Medication adherence: its importance in cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation. 2009 Jun 16;119(23):3028-35. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.768986.</citation>
    <PMID>19528344</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Zhang Y, Kaplan CM, Baik SH, Chang CC, Lave JR. Medication adherence and readmission after myocardial infarction in the Medicare population. Am J Manag Care. 2014;20(11):e498-505.</citation>
    <PMID>25651604</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 Jan 27;131(4):e29-322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152. Epub 2014 Dec 17. No abstract available. Erratum In: Circulation. 2015 Jun 16;131(24):e535. Circulation. 2016 Feb 23;133(8):e417.</citation>
    <PMID>25520374</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Glynn RJ, Antman EM, Schneeweiss S, Toscano M, Reisman L, Fernandes J, Spettell C, Lee JL, Levin R, Brennan T, Shrank WH; Post-Myocardial Infarction Free Rx Event and Economic Evaluation (MI FREEE) Trial. Full coverage for preventive medications after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 1;365(22):2088-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1107913. Epub 2011 Nov 14.</citation>
    <PMID>22080794</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jackevicius CA, Li P, Tu JV. Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of primary nonadherence after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008 Feb 26;117(8):1028-36. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706820.</citation>
    <PMID>18299512</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ho PM, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, Reid KJ, Peterson ED, Magid DJ, Krumholz HM, Rumsfeld JS. Impact of medication therapy discontinuation on mortality after myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Sep 25;166(17):1842-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.17.1842.</citation>
    <PMID>17000940</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Antman EM, Schneeweiss S, Shrank WH. Should patients receive secondary prevention medications for free after a myocardial infarction? An economic analysis. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 Jan-Feb;26(1):186-94. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.1.186.</citation>
    <PMID>17211028</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Granger BB, Bosworth HB. Medication adherence: emerging use of technology. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2011 Jul;26(4):279-87. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e328347c150.</citation>
    <PMID>21597368</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Volpp KG, Loewenstein G, Troxel AB, Doshi J, Price M, Laskin M, Kimmel SE. A test of financial incentives to improve warfarin adherence. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008 Dec 23;8:272. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-8-272.</citation>
    <PMID>19102784</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kimmel SE, Troxel AB, Loewenstein G, Brensinger CM, Jaskowiak J, Doshi JA, Laskin M, Volpp K. Randomized trial of lottery-based incentives to improve warfarin adherence. Am Heart J. 2012 Aug;164(2):268-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.05.005.</citation>
    <PMID>22877814</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chaudhry SI, Mattera JA, Curtis JP, Spertus JA, Herrin J, Lin Z, Phillips CO, Hodshon BV, Cooper LS, Krumholz HM. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 9;363(24):2301-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1010029. Epub 2010 Nov 16. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2011 Feb 3;364(5):490. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 7;369(19):1869.</citation>
    <PMID>21080835</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Riegel B, Jaarsma T, Stromberg A. A middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2012 Jul-Sep;35(3):194-204. doi: 10.1097/ANS.0b013e318261b1ba.</citation>
    <PMID>22739426</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Galloway GP, Coyle JR, Guillen JE, Flower K, Mendelson JE. A simple, novel method for assessing medication adherence: capsule photographs taken with cellular telephones. J Addict Med. 2011 Sep;5(3):170-4. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e3181fcb5fd.</citation>
    <PMID>21844832</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Patel MS, Asch DA, Volpp KG. Framing Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity Among Overweight and Obese Adults. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Oct 18;165(8):600. doi: 10.7326/L16-0280. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>27750316</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>May 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 12, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 12, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">January 16, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>May 8, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>May 8, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">May 9, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Adherence</keyword>
  <keyword>CleverCap® Lite BLE C035</keyword>
  <keyword>Smartphone App</keyword>
  <keyword>Telehealth</keyword>
  <keyword>Digital Health</keyword>
  <keyword>Mobile Phone App</keyword>
  <keyword>Behavioral Economics</keyword>
  <keyword>Aspirin</keyword>
  <keyword>Wellth App</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Myocardial Infarction</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Infarction</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03022266
org study id: W000001
nct id: NCT03022266
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The proposed study is a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT). Participants in the
      intervention arm will participate in a 90-day adherence promotion program based on the theory
      of behavioral economics and administered through the Wellth mobile phone application.
      Subjects will be provided a CleverCap® Lite BLE C035 smart pill bottle (electronic monitoring
      (EM), device) containing a 90-day supply of aspirin (90 pills) and those in the intervention
      arm will be offered $150 for app-based medication check-ins, which consist of uploading daily
      photos of pills at the time of administration through the Wellth app. Subjects will have $2
      deducted from total rewards for each day that a medication check-in is missed. Subjects in
      the control arm will receive usual care and be monitored with the same EM device types used
      in the intervention arm.
Medication adherence is a quantifiable parameter detailing when and how consistently doses
      are taken. Elements of medication adherence include: 1) the proportion of prescribed drug
      taken or %PDT (primary outcome); 2) the proportion of days with the correct number of doses
      taken; 3) the proportion of doses taken on time, in relation to a prescription-defined time
      interval between successive doses; 4) the distribution of inter-dose intervals; 5) the number
      of drug holidays; and 6) the longest interval between two doses [Vrijens et al. British
      journal of clinical pharmacology. 2012;73(5):691-705]. Medication adherence will be assessed
      in all participants using EM technology manufactured by CleverCaps®. Electronic Monitoring
      (EM) is more sensitive, reliable and valid than other measurement techniques such as pill
      counts, self-reports, or clinical judgment [Vrijens et al. Expert review of clinical
      pharmacology. 2014;7(5):633-644]. In this study the investigators will monitor a single drug,
      aspirin, in MI patients prescribed aspirin on hospital discharge.

      In addition to measurement of medication adherence using an EM device, the investigators will
      measure adherence using the Wellth cell phone app in the intervention arm. Participants in
      the intervention arm will also be asked to track their medication-taking habits by uploading
      photos of their medications at the appropriate dosage times using the Wellth app.

      Readmissions will be measured using the EMR and by interview to capture events outside the
      Penn system. Events will be classified according to timing (e.g. 30-day readmission) and
      cause (e.g. cardiac, all-cause). This study is not designed to detect a statistically
      significant difference in readmissions.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Other
masking: Single (Investigator)
measure: Medication Adherence
time frame: 90 Days
description: Better medication adherence at 90 days as Percentage of Doses Taken (%PDT) using CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring devices
measure: 30-Day All-cause Readmissions
time frame: 30 Days
description: Average rates of hospital readmissions within 30 days assessed by medical record review and patient interviews
measure: 90-Day All-cause Readmissions
time frame: 90 Days
description: Average rates of hospital readmissions within 90 days assessed by medical record review and patient interviews
measure: Medication adherence assessed using patient smartphone photos
time frame: 90 Days
description: % PDT will not differ between the app and electronic monitoring measurement approaches
measure: Self-reported self-care
time frame: 90 Days
description: Self-care of coronary heart disease inventory
arm group label: Intervention Arm
arm group type: Experimental
description: Participants receiving the Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App will be given an smartphone app offering pill reminders and $50/month financial incentives for three months to upload photos of medication each day for 90 days. Medication adherence will be measured via a CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring pillbox.
arm group label: Usual Care Control Arm
arm group type: No Intervention
description: Participants in the usual care control arm will receive the usual education about medications provided by hospital staff. Medication adherence will be measured via a CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring pillbox.
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App
description: Subjects receiving the Financial Incentive and Mobile Phone App will each participate in a 90-day adherence promotion program. When users first log in to the app, the screen will display an incentive of $150 that participants have earned by enrolling in the program. Participants will be told that each missed medication check-in will result in a $2 deduction from the account before it is paid out. Each $50 portion (minus any penalties) of the $150 incentive will be paid out in 30-day installments by remotely crediting a previously distributed debit card. Adherence will be measured simultaneously by app photos and CleverCap(R) electronic monitoring (EM) devices filled with a 90-day supply of aspirin. Claims data will be analyzed for a 90 day period to account for any hospital admissions.
arm group label: Intervention Arm
other name: Smartphone App
other name: Wellth App
other name: Adherence
other name: Mobile Phone App
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 21 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Barbara J Riegel, PhD, RN
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: University of Pennsylvania
facility: 
country: United States
url: http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
description: Heart Disease Facts. CDC. Accessed 8/12/16.
citation: Ho PM, Bryson CL, Rumsfeld JS. Medication adherence: its importance in cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation. 2009 Jun 16;119(23):3028-35. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.768986.
PMID: 19528344
citation: Zhang Y, Kaplan CM, Baik SH, Chang CC, Lave JR. Medication adherence and readmission after myocardial infarction in the Medicare population. Am J Manag Care. 2014;20(11):e498-505.
PMID: 25651604
citation: Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015 Jan 27;131(4):e29-322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152. Epub 2014 Dec 17. No abstract available. Erratum In: Circulation. 2015 Jun 16;131(24):e535. Circulation. 2016 Feb 23;133(8):e417.
PMID: 25520374
citation: Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Glynn RJ, Antman EM, Schneeweiss S, Toscano M, Reisman L, Fernandes J, Spettell C, Lee JL, Levin R, Brennan T, Shrank WH; Post-Myocardial Infarction Free Rx Event and Economic Evaluation (MI FREEE) Trial. Full coverage for preventive medications after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 1;365(22):2088-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1107913. Epub 2011 Nov 14.
PMID: 22080794
citation: Jackevicius CA, Li P, Tu JV. Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of primary nonadherence after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008 Feb 26;117(8):1028-36. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706820.
PMID: 18299512
citation: Ho PM, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, Reid KJ, Peterson ED, Magid DJ, Krumholz HM, Rumsfeld JS. Impact of medication therapy discontinuation on mortality after myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Sep 25;166(17):1842-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.17.1842.
PMID: 17000940
citation: Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Antman EM, Schneeweiss S, Shrank WH. Should patients receive secondary prevention medications for free after a myocardial infarction? An economic analysis. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007 Jan-Feb;26(1):186-94. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.26.1.186.
PMID: 17211028
citation: Granger BB, Bosworth HB. Medication adherence: emerging use of technology. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2011 Jul;26(4):279-87. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e328347c150.
PMID: 21597368
citation: Volpp KG, Loewenstein G, Troxel AB, Doshi J, Price M, Laskin M, Kimmel SE. A test of financial incentives to improve warfarin adherence. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008 Dec 23;8:272. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-8-272.
PMID: 19102784
citation: Kimmel SE, Troxel AB, Loewenstein G, Brensinger CM, Jaskowiak J, Doshi JA, Laskin M, Volpp K. Randomized trial of lottery-based incentives to improve warfarin adherence. Am Heart J. 2012 Aug;164(2):268-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.05.005.
PMID: 22877814
citation: Chaudhry SI, Mattera JA, Curtis JP, Spertus JA, Herrin J, Lin Z, Phillips CO, Hodshon BV, Cooper LS, Krumholz HM. Telemonitoring in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 9;363(24):2301-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1010029. Epub 2010 Nov 16. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2011 Feb 3;364(5):490. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 7;369(19):1869.
PMID: 21080835
citation: Riegel B, Jaarsma T, Stromberg A. A middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2012 Jul-Sep;35(3):194-204. doi: 10.1097/ANS.0b013e318261b1ba.
PMID: 22739426
citation: Galloway GP, Coyle JR, Guillen JE, Flower K, Mendelson JE. A simple, novel method for assessing medication adherence: capsule photographs taken with cellular telephones. J Addict Med. 2011 Sep;5(3):170-4. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e3181fcb5fd.
PMID: 21844832
citation: Patel MS, Asch DA, Volpp KG. Framing Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity Among Overweight and Obese Adults. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Oct 18;165(8):600. doi: 10.7326/L16-0280. No abstract available.
PMID: 27750316
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Myocardial Infarction
mesh term: Infarction
sharing ipd: No