<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03014453</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>A333-1</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03014453</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>GER Poses a Potential Risk for Late Complications of BPD</brief_title>
  <official_title>Gastroesophageal Reflux Poses a Potential Risk for Late Complications of BPD: A Prospective Study</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Shengjing Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Shengjing Hospital</source>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common condition in the low birth weight infants.&#xD;
      Although most of the BPD symptoms improved after a regular treatment in infancy, there are&#xD;
      still a few late complications left such as the frequent respiratory symptoms, a slower&#xD;
      weight gain and even sudden death. These late complications have made so much trouble to the&#xD;
      healthcare of BPD infants. How to find the risk factors and to reduce the prevalence of these&#xD;
      late symptoms becomes necessary. In this study, a cohort of BPD infants was observed with the&#xD;
      late complications obtained by a monthly followed up for 18 months after discharge, the&#xD;
      prevalence and risk factors of the late complications of BPD were analyzed by logistic&#xD;
      regression. As one of the risk factors, GER was verified whether to play a critical role in&#xD;
      these late complications.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 9, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">July 22, 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">June 30, 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Cohort</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>the Late Complications of BPD Infants</measure>
    <time_frame>18 months</time_frame>
    <description>In all patients, complications were evaluated via questionnaires at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months corrected for premature age, including respiratory symptoms (including home respiratory support, respiratory medication administration, cough without cold at least once per week, re-hospitalization due to respiratory diseases), vomiting when feeding, hypoxic ischemic injury, retinopathy of prematurity, rehospitalization and sudden death.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <enrollment type="Actual">187</enrollment>
  <condition>Gastroesophageal Reflux</condition>
  <condition>Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia</condition>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        Extremely Premature Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  the extremely premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  other congenital malformations such as gastrointestinal and or neurogenic disease&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>N/A</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>32 Weeks</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Shengjing Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Shenyang</city>
        <state>Liaoning</state>
        <zip>110004</zip>
        <country>China</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>China</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kalikkot Thekkeveedu R, Guaman MC, Shivanna B. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A review of pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Respir Med. 2017 Nov;132:170-177. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.014. Epub 2017 Oct 24.</citation>
    <PMID>29229093</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bonadies L, Zaramella P, Porzionato A, Muraca M, Baraldi E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: what's new on the horizon? Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 Aug;2(8):549-551. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30181-0. Epub 2018 Jun 27. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>30119711</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Papagianis PC, Pillow JJ, Moss TJ. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Pathophysiology and potential anti-inflammatory therapies. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2019 Apr;30:34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2018.07.007. Epub 2018 Jul 29.</citation>
    <PMID>30201135</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Perez Tarazona S, Solano Galan P, Bartoll Alguacil E, Alfonso Diego J. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia as a risk factor for asthma in school children and adolescents: A systematic review. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2018 Jan-Feb;46(1):87-98. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2017.02.004. Epub 2017 Jun 28.</citation>
    <PMID>28668285</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Clyman RI. Patent ductus arteriosus, its treatments, and the risks of pulmonary morbidity. Semin Perinatol. 2018 Jun;42(4):235-242. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2018.05.006. Epub 2018 May 10.</citation>
    <PMID>29958703</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nagiub M, Kanaan U, Simon D, Guglani L. Risk Factors for Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2017 Jun;23:27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2016.11.003. Epub 2016 Nov 22.</citation>
    <PMID>28188008</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Vandenplas Y, Goyvaerts H, Helven R, Sacre L. Gastroesophageal reflux, as measured by 24-hour pH monitoring, in 509 healthy infants screened for risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics. 1991 Oct;88(4):834-40.</citation>
    <PMID>1896295</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hassall E. Decisions in diagnosing and managing chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. J Pediatr. 2005 Mar;146(3 Suppl):S3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.11.034.</citation>
    <PMID>15758900</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rosen R, Vandenplas Y, Singendonk M, Cabana M, DiLorenzo C, Gottrand F, Gupta S, Langendam M, Staiano A, Thapar N, Tipnis N, Tabbers M. Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Clinical Practice Guidelines: Joint Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Mar;66(3):516-554. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001889.</citation>
    <PMID>29470322</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cohen S, Bueno de Mesquita M, Mimouni FB. Adverse effects reported in the use of gastroesophageal reflux disease treatments in children: a 10 years literature review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Aug;80(2):200-8. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12619. Epub 2015 Jun 11.</citation>
    <PMID>25752807</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Shakir AK, Altaf MA. Azithromycin Induces Migrating Motor Complexes in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Antroduodenal Motility Studies. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Sep-Oct;23(5):390-394. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-23.5.390.</citation>
    <PMID>30429693</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Walsh MC, Hale EC, Newman NS, Schibler K, Carlo WA, Kennedy KA, Poindexter BB, Finer NN, Ehrenkranz RA, Duara S, Sanchez PJ, O'Shea TM, Goldberg RN, Van Meurs KP, Faix RG, Phelps DL, Frantz ID 3rd, Watterberg KL, Saha S, Das A, Higgins RD; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2010 Sep;126(3):443-56. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2959. Epub 2010 Aug 23.</citation>
    <PMID>20732945</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Parad RB, Davis JM, Lo J, Thomas M, Marlow N, Calvert S, Peacock JL, Greenough A. Prediction of respiratory outcome in extremely low gestational age infants. Neonatology. 2015;107(4):241-8. doi: 10.1159/000369878. Epub 2015 Mar 3.</citation>
    <PMID>25765705</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>March 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 5, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 6, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">January 9, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <results_first_submitted>February 24, 2019</results_first_submitted>
  <results_first_submitted_qc>March 25, 2020</results_first_submitted_qc>
  <results_first_posted type="Actual">March 26, 2020</results_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>March 25, 2020</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>March 25, 2020</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">March 26, 2020</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Shengjing Hospital</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Shucheng Zhang</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Gastroesophageal Reflux</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <provided_document_section>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>Yes</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>No</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>Yes</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>March 24, 2020</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/53/NCT03014453/Prot_SAP_000.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Informed Consent Form</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>No</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>Yes</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>No</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>March 24, 2020</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/53/NCT03014453/ICF_001.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
  </provided_document_section>

  <clinical_results>

    <participant_flow>
      <recruitment_details>The cohort study was conducted with BPD infants born≤32 weeks gestational age (GA) between January 2017 and July 2018 at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.The BPD was diagnosed at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) on the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute classification and categorized as &quot;mild, moderate or severe&quot;.</recruitment_details>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="P1">
          <title>Extremely Premature Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia</title>
          <description>Single arm-extremely premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <period_list>
        <period>
          <title>Overall Study</title>
          <milestone_list>
            <milestone>
              <title>STARTED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="187"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="116"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>NOT COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="71"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
          </milestone_list>
          <drop_withdraw_reason_list>
            <drop_withdraw_reason>
              <title>Lost to Follow-up</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="12"/>
              </participants_list>
            </drop_withdraw_reason>
            <drop_withdraw_reason>
              <title>Discontinued GER</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="3"/>
              </participants_list>
            </drop_withdraw_reason>
            <drop_withdraw_reason>
              <title>Excluded</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="19"/>
              </participants_list>
            </drop_withdraw_reason>
            <drop_withdraw_reason>
              <title>Refused to take part in</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="37"/>
              </participants_list>
            </drop_withdraw_reason>
          </drop_withdraw_reason_list>
        </period>
      </period_list>
    </participant_flow>

    <baseline>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="B1">
          <title>Extremely Premature Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia</title>
          <description>This observational cohort study was conducted with BPD infants born≤32 weeks gestational age (GA) at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). None of them received antacid medications, inhaled medications, or diuretics.</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <analyzed_list>
        <analyzed>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <scope>Overall</scope>
          <count_list>
            <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
          </count_list>
        </analyzed>
      </analyzed_list>
      <measure_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Age, Customized</title>
          <description>Gestational age at birth is reported</description>
          <units>participants</units>
          <param>Number</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>gestational age&gt;=30 week</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="65"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>gestational age&lt;30 week</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="51"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Sex: Female, Male</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>Female</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="44"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Male</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="72"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Race and Ethnicity Not Collected</title>
          <population>Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.</population>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>birth weight</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>&gt;1500g</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="45"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>&lt;1500g</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="71"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>1min Apgar</title>
          <description>1 min Apgar score was described. If the 1min Apgar score &lt;7, it was considered neonatal asphyxia，otherwise it was regarded as normal infant.</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>1min Apgar&lt;7</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="27"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>1 min Apgar&gt;=7</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="89"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Invasive ventilation</title>
          <description>Describes the duration of the use of invasive ventilation during hospitalization</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Invasive ventilation&gt;=7 days</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="28"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Invasive ventilation&lt;7 days</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="88"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Application of pulmonary surfactant</title>
          <description>Describes whether pulmonary surfactant has been used</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>yes</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="76"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>no</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="40"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Application of caffeine</title>
          <description>Describes whether caffeine therapy has been used</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>yes</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="79"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>no</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="37"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Ventilator-associated Pneumonia</title>
          <description>Cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia during hospitalization</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>yes</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="55"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>no</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="61"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>patent ductus arteriosus</title>
          <description>Cases of patent ductus arteriosus</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>yes</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="29"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>no</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="87"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Gastroesophageal reflux</title>
          <description>The cases were diagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux by pH-MII and determination of gastric sodium ions．</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>No</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="67"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Acid GER</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="21"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>DGER</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="116"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="28"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </measure_list>
    </baseline>

    <outcome_list>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>the Late Complications of BPD Infants</title>
        <description>In all patients, complications were evaluated via questionnaires at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months corrected for premature age, including respiratory symptoms (including home respiratory support, respiratory medication administration, cough without cold at least once per week, re-hospitalization due to respiratory diseases), vomiting when feeding, hypoxic ischemic injury, retinopathy of prematurity, rehospitalization and sudden death.</description>
        <time_frame>18 months</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Extremely Premature Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia</title>
            <description>This observational cohort study was conducted with BPD infants born≤32 weeks gestational age (GA) at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). None of them received antacid medications, inhaled medications, or diuretics.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>the Late Complications of BPD Infants</title>
          <description>In all patients, complications were evaluated via questionnaires at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months corrected for premature age, including respiratory symptoms (including home respiratory support, respiratory medication administration, cough without cold at least once per week, re-hospitalization due to respiratory diseases), vomiting when feeding, hypoxic ischemic injury, retinopathy of prematurity, rehospitalization and sudden death.</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="116"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>respiratory symptoms</title>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="57"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Vomiting when feeding</title>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="45"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>retinopathy of prematurity</title>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="30"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>hypoxic ischemic injury</title>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>sudden infant death syndrome</title>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="1"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>rehospitalization</title>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="31"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
    </outcome_list>

    <reported_events>
      <time_frame>18 month</time_frame>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="E1">
          <title>Extremely Premature Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia</title>
          <description>This observational cohort study was conducted with BPD infants born≤32 weeks gestational age (GA) at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). None of them received antacid medications, inhaled medications, or diuretics.</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <serious_events>
        <default_assessment>Systematic Assessment</default_assessment>
        <category_list>
          <category>
            <title>Total</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, all-cause mortality</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="1" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, serious adverse events</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="64" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
          <category>
            <title>Eye disorders</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>retinopathy of prematurity</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="116" subjects_affected="30" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
          <category>
            <title>Nervous system disorders</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>hypoxic ischemic injury</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="116" subjects_affected="4" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
          <category>
            <title>Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>pneumonia</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="116" subjects_affected="10" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
              <event>
                <sub_title>dyspnea</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="116" subjects_affected="10" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
              <event>
                <sub_title>cyanosis</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="116" subjects_affected="10" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
              <event>
                <sub_title>intermittent apnea</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="116" subjects_affected="5" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Re-hospitalization</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="116" subjects_affected="31" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
        </category_list>
      </serious_events>
      <other_events>
        <frequency_threshold>0</frequency_threshold>
        <default_assessment>Systematic Assessment</default_assessment>
        <category_list>
          <category>
            <title>Total</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, other adverse events</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="69" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
          <category>
            <title>General disorders</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Vomiting when feeding</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="116" subjects_affected="45" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
          <category>
            <title>Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>cough without cold</sub_title>
                <description>cough without cold at least once per week</description>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="116" subjects_affected="44" subjects_at_risk="116"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
        </category_list>
      </other_events>
    </reported_events>

    <certain_agreements>
      <pi_employee>Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.</pi_employee>
      <restrictive_agreement>There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed. </restrictive_agreement>
    </certain_agreements>
    <point_of_contact>
      <name_or_title>Dr. Shucheng Zhang</name_or_title>
      <organization>Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University</organization>
      <phone>862496615 ext 57911</phone>
      <email>zhangshucheng76@126.com</email>
    </point_of_contact>
  </clinical_results>
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03014453
org study id: A333-1
nct id: NCT03014453
lead sponsor: 
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common condition in the low birth weight infants.
      Although most of the BPD symptoms improved after a regular treatment in infancy, there are
      still a few late complications left such as the frequent respiratory symptoms, a slower
      weight gain and even sudden death. These late complications have made so much trouble to the
      healthcare of BPD infants. How to find the risk factors and to reduce the prevalence of these
      late symptoms becomes necessary. In this study, a cohort of BPD infants was observed with the
      late complications obtained by a monthly followed up for 18 months after discharge, the
      prevalence and risk factors of the late complications of BPD were analyzed by logistic
      regression. As one of the risk factors, GER was verified whether to play a critical role in
      these late complications.
observational model: Cohort
time perspective: Prospective
measure: the Late Complications of BPD Infants
time frame: 18 months
description: In all patients, complications were evaluated via questionnaires at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months corrected for premature age, including respiratory symptoms (including home respiratory support, respiratory medication administration, cough without cold at least once per week, re-hospitalization due to respiratory diseases), vomiting when feeding, hypoxic ischemic injury, retinopathy of prematurity, rehospitalization and sudden death.
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: N/A
maximum age: 32 Weeks
healthy volunteers: No
facility: 
country: China
citation: Kalikkot Thekkeveedu R, Guaman MC, Shivanna B. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A review of pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Respir Med. 2017 Nov;132:170-177. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.014. Epub 2017 Oct 24.
PMID: 29229093
citation: Bonadies L, Zaramella P, Porzionato A, Muraca M, Baraldi E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: what's new on the horizon? Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 Aug;2(8):549-551. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30181-0. Epub 2018 Jun 27. No abstract available.
PMID: 30119711
citation: Papagianis PC, Pillow JJ, Moss TJ. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Pathophysiology and potential anti-inflammatory therapies. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2019 Apr;30:34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2018.07.007. Epub 2018 Jul 29.
PMID: 30201135
citation: Perez Tarazona S, Solano Galan P, Bartoll Alguacil E, Alfonso Diego J. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia as a risk factor for asthma in school children and adolescents: A systematic review. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2018 Jan-Feb;46(1):87-98. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2017.02.004. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
PMID: 28668285
citation: Clyman RI. Patent ductus arteriosus, its treatments, and the risks of pulmonary morbidity. Semin Perinatol. 2018 Jun;42(4):235-242. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2018.05.006. Epub 2018 May 10.
PMID: 29958703
citation: Nagiub M, Kanaan U, Simon D, Guglani L. Risk Factors for Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2017 Jun;23:27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2016.11.003. Epub 2016 Nov 22.
PMID: 28188008
citation: Vandenplas Y, Goyvaerts H, Helven R, Sacre L. Gastroesophageal reflux, as measured by 24-hour pH monitoring, in 509 healthy infants screened for risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics. 1991 Oct;88(4):834-40.
PMID: 1896295
citation: Hassall E. Decisions in diagnosing and managing chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. J Pediatr. 2005 Mar;146(3 Suppl):S3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.11.034.
PMID: 15758900
citation: Rosen R, Vandenplas Y, Singendonk M, Cabana M, DiLorenzo C, Gottrand F, Gupta S, Langendam M, Staiano A, Thapar N, Tipnis N, Tabbers M. Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Clinical Practice Guidelines: Joint Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Mar;66(3):516-554. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000001889.
PMID: 29470322
citation: Cohen S, Bueno de Mesquita M, Mimouni FB. Adverse effects reported in the use of gastroesophageal reflux disease treatments in children: a 10 years literature review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Aug;80(2):200-8. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12619. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
PMID: 25752807
citation: Shakir AK, Altaf MA. Azithromycin Induces Migrating Motor Complexes in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Antroduodenal Motility Studies. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Sep-Oct;23(5):390-394. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-23.5.390.
PMID: 30429693
citation: Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Walsh MC, Hale EC, Newman NS, Schibler K, Carlo WA, Kennedy KA, Poindexter BB, Finer NN, Ehrenkranz RA, Duara S, Sanchez PJ, O'Shea TM, Goldberg RN, Van Meurs KP, Faix RG, Phelps DL, Frantz ID 3rd, Watterberg KL, Saha S, Das A, Higgins RD; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics. 2010 Sep;126(3):443-56. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2959. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
PMID: 20732945
citation: Parad RB, Davis JM, Lo J, Thomas M, Marlow N, Calvert S, Peacock JL, Greenough A. Prediction of respiratory outcome in extremely low gestational age infants. Neonatology. 2015;107(4):241-8. doi: 10.1159/000369878. Epub 2015 Mar 3.
PMID: 25765705
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Shengjing Hospital
investigator full name: Shucheng Zhang
investigator title: Professor
mesh term: Gastroesophageal Reflux
mesh term: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
provided document: 
provided document: 
participant flow: 
baseline: 
outcome list: 
reported events: 
certain agreements: 
point of contact: 