<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03012971</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>2016-10-LT</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03012971</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Dexmedetomidine Supplemented Analgesia and Long-term Survival After Cancer Surgery</brief_title>
  <official_title>Impact of Dexmedetomidine Supplemented Analgesia on Long-term Survival in Elderly Patients After Cancer Surgery: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Peking University First Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Qingdao Municipal Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Beijing Chao Yang Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Peking University International Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Beijing Ditan Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM-Nankai Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Zhongda Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Peking University First Hospital</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      A majority of the elderly patients undergo surgery for malignant tumors. For these patients,&#xD;
      postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis are main factors that worsen long-term&#xD;
      outcomes. The investigators hypothesize that dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia in&#xD;
      elderly patients after cancer surgery may help to maintain immune function and improve&#xD;
      long-term outcomes, possibly by relieving stress and inflammatory response, improving&#xD;
      analgesic efficacy and sleep quality, and reducing delirium incidence.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      A majority of the elderly patients undergo surgery for malignant tumors. For these patients,&#xD;
      postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis are main factors that worsen the quality of&#xD;
      life and shorten the duration of survival. Perioperative immune function is a key element&#xD;
      that influences postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis; but it is subject to the&#xD;
      impacts of many factors. Studies showed that elevated cortisol level and inflammation&#xD;
      provoked by surgical stress result in suppression of immune function, whereas dexmedetomidine&#xD;
      alleviates the elevated cortisol level and inhibit excessive inflammation; high-dose opioids&#xD;
      inhibit the immune function and increase the invasiveness of tumor cells, whereas&#xD;
      dexmedetomidine reduces the consumption of opioids during perioperative period; postoperative&#xD;
      sleep disturbances also impair immune function, whereas dexmedetomidine improves sleep&#xD;
      quality in patients after surgery; occurrence of postoperative delirium is associated with&#xD;
      increased mortality, whereas dexmedetomidine reduces delirium incidence. The investigators&#xD;
      hypothesize that dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia in elderly patients after cancer&#xD;
      surgery may improve the long-term outcomes, possibly by relieving stress and inflammatory&#xD;
      response, improving analgesic efficacy and sleep quality, and reducing delirium incidence.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Active, not recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 6, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">May 2024</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">May 12, 2022</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Overall survival after surgery</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to 7 years after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>Overall survival after surgery</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Recurrence-free after surgery</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to 7 years after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>Recurrence-free after surgery</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Cancer-specific survival after surgery</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to 7 years after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>Cancer-specific survival after surgery</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Event-free survival after surgery</measure>
    <time_frame>Up to 7 years after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>Event-free survival after surgery</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Cognitive function of survival patients at 2 years after surgery</measure>
    <time_frame>At the end of 2 years after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>Cognitive function was assessed with Telephone Interview for Cognitive Function-Modified (TICS-M)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Quality of life of survival patients at 2 years after surgery</measure>
    <time_frame>At the end of 2 years after surgery</time_frame>
    <description>Quality of life was assessed with World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">1500</enrollment>
  <condition>Elderly</condition>
  <condition>Surgery</condition>
  <condition>Analgesia</condition>
  <condition>Dexmedetomidine</condition>
  <condition>Long-term Outcome</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dexmedetomidine group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Dexmedetomidine supplemented morphine analgesia is provided for patients in this group in the form of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. The formula contains a mixture of morphine (0.5 mg/ml) and dexmedetomidine (1.25 ug/ml), diluted with normal saline to a total volume of 160 ml. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is added when necessary. The analgesic pump is set to administer a background infusion at a rate of 1 ml/h, with patient-controlled bolus of 2 ml each time and a lockout time from 6 to 8 minutes.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Morphine analgesia is provided for patients in this group in the form of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. The formula contains morphine (0.5 mg/ml), diluted with normal saline to a total volume of 160 ml. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is added when necessary. The analgesic pump is set to administer a background infusion at a rate of 1 ml/h, with patient-controlled bolus of 2 ml each time and a lockout time from 6 to 8 minutes.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Dexmedetomidine supplemented morphine analgesia</intervention_name>
    <description>Patients in this group receive patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for 3 days after surgery. The formula is a mixture of dexmedetomidine (1.25 ug/ml) and morphine (0.5 mg/ml), diluted with normal saline to 160 ml. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is added when necessary. The analgesic pump is set to administer a background infusion at a rate of 1 ml/h, with a bolus dose of 2 ml at each time and a lockout time from 6 to 8 minutes.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Dexmedetomidine group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Morphine analgesia</intervention_name>
    <description>Patients in this group receive patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for 3 days after surgery. The formula is morphine (0.5 mg/ml), diluted with normal saline to 160 ml. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is added when necessary. The analgesic pump is set to administer a background infusion at a rate of 1 ml/h, with a bolus dose of 2 ml at each time and a lockout time from 6 to 8 minutes.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Control group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Age &gt;= 65 years, &lt; 90 years;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Scheduled to undergo surgery for primary solid organ cancer under general anesthesia,&#xD;
             with an expected duration of surgery &gt;=2 hours;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Planned to use patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after surgery;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Provide written informed consent.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, parkinsonism or myasthenia gravis;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Preoperative radio- or chemotherapy;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Inability to communicate in the preoperative period because of coma, profound dementia&#xD;
             or language barrier;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Preoperative obstructive sleep apnea (previously diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea,&#xD;
             or a STOP-Bang score &gt;= 3);&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Brain trauma or neurosurgery;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 30%, sick sinus syndrome, severe&#xD;
             sinus bradycardia (&lt; 50 beats per minute), or second-degree or above atrioventricular&#xD;
             block without pacemaker;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C) or severe renal dysfunction&#xD;
             (requirement of renal replacement therapy before surgery);&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  ASA classification &gt;= IV.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>65 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>90 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Peking University First Hospital</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Peking University First Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Beijing</city>
        <state>Beijing</state>
        <zip>100034</zip>
        <country>China</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>China</country>
  </location_countries>
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    <citation>Bekker A, Haile M, Kline R, Didehvar S, Babu R, Martiniuk F, Urban M. The effect of intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery after major spinal surgery. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2013 Jan;25(1):16-24. doi: 10.1097/ANA.0b013e31826318af.</citation>
    <PMID>22824921</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ma J, Zhang XL, Wang CY, Lin Z, Tao JR, Liu HC. Dexmedetomidine alleviates the spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury through blocking mast cell degranulation. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 Sep 15;8(9):14741-9. eCollection 2015.</citation>
    <PMID>26628956</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Roy S, Ninkovic J, Banerjee S, Charboneau RG, Das S, Dutta R, Kirchner VA, Koodie L, Ma J, Meng J, Barke RA. Opioid drug abuse and modulation of immune function: consequences in the susceptibility to opportunistic infections. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2011 Dec;6(4):442-65. doi: 10.1007/s11481-011-9292-5. Epub 2011 Jul 26.</citation>
    <PMID>21789507</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Vassou D, Notas G, Hatzoglou A, Castanas E, Kampa M. Opioids increase bladder cancer cell migration via bradykinin B2 receptors. Int J Oncol. 2011 Sep;39(3):697-707. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1063. Epub 2011 Jun 3.</citation>
    <PMID>21643624</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Fujioka N, Nguyen J, Chen C, Li Y, Pasrija T, Niehans G, Johnson KN, Gupta V, Kratzke RA, Gupta K. Morphine-induced epidermal growth factor pathway activation in non-small cell lung cancer. Anesth Analg. 2011 Dec;113(6):1353-64. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318232b35a. Epub 2011 Oct 14.</citation>
    <PMID>22003224</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Friese RS. Sleep and recovery from critical illness and injury: a review of theory, current practice, and future directions. Crit Care Med. 2008 Mar;36(3):697-705. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0B013E3181643F29.</citation>
    <PMID>18176314</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Alexopoulou C, Kondili E, Diamantaki E, Psarologakis C, Kokkini S, Bolaki M, Georgopoulos D. Effects of dexmedetomidine on sleep quality in critically ill patients: a pilot study. Anesthesiology. 2014 Oct;121(4):801-7. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000361.</citation>
    <PMID>24988068</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Skevington SM, McCrate FM. Expecting a good quality of life in health: assessing people with diverse diseases and conditions using the WHOQOL-BREF. Health Expect. 2012 Mar;15(1):49-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00650.x. Epub 2011 Jan 31.</citation>
    <PMID>21281412</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>July 2023</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 31, 2016</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 5, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">January 6, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>July 30, 2023</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>July 30, 2023</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 1, 2023</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Peking University First Hospital</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Dong-Xin Wang</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Elderly</keyword>
  <keyword>Surgery</keyword>
  <keyword>Analgesia</keyword>
  <keyword>Dexmedetomidine</keyword>
  <keyword>Long-term outcome</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Agnosia</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Dexmedetomidine</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Morphine</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03012971
org study id: 2016-10-LT
nct id: NCT03012971
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
A majority of the elderly patients undergo surgery for malignant tumors. For these patients,
      postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis are main factors that worsen long-term
      outcomes. The investigators hypothesize that dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia in
      elderly patients after cancer surgery may help to maintain immune function and improve
      long-term outcomes, possibly by relieving stress and inflammatory response, improving
      analgesic efficacy and sleep quality, and reducing delirium incidence.
A majority of the elderly patients undergo surgery for malignant tumors. For these patients,
      postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis are main factors that worsen the quality of
      life and shorten the duration of survival. Perioperative immune function is a key element
      that influences postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis; but it is subject to the
      impacts of many factors. Studies showed that elevated cortisol level and inflammation
      provoked by surgical stress result in suppression of immune function, whereas dexmedetomidine
      alleviates the elevated cortisol level and inhibit excessive inflammation; high-dose opioids
      inhibit the immune function and increase the invasiveness of tumor cells, whereas
      dexmedetomidine reduces the consumption of opioids during perioperative period; postoperative
      sleep disturbances also impair immune function, whereas dexmedetomidine improves sleep
      quality in patients after surgery; occurrence of postoperative delirium is associated with
      increased mortality, whereas dexmedetomidine reduces delirium incidence. The investigators
      hypothesize that dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia in elderly patients after cancer
      surgery may improve the long-term outcomes, possibly by relieving stress and inflammatory
      response, improving analgesic efficacy and sleep quality, and reducing delirium incidence.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Prevention
masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Overall survival after surgery
time frame: Up to 7 years after surgery
description: Overall survival after surgery
measure: Recurrence-free after surgery
time frame: Up to 7 years after surgery
description: Recurrence-free after surgery
measure: Cancer-specific survival after surgery
time frame: Up to 7 years after surgery
description: Cancer-specific survival after surgery
measure: Event-free survival after surgery
time frame: Up to 7 years after surgery
description: Event-free survival after surgery
measure: Cognitive function of survival patients at 2 years after surgery
time frame: At the end of 2 years after surgery
description: Cognitive function was assessed with Telephone Interview for Cognitive Function-Modified (TICS-M)
measure: Quality of life of survival patients at 2 years after surgery
time frame: At the end of 2 years after surgery
description: Quality of life was assessed with World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF)
arm group label: Dexmedetomidine group
arm group type: Experimental
description: Dexmedetomidine supplemented morphine analgesia is provided for patients in this group in the form of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. The formula contains a mixture of morphine (0.5 mg/ml) and dexmedetomidine (1.25 ug/ml), diluted with normal saline to a total volume of 160 ml. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is added when necessary. The analgesic pump is set to administer a background infusion at a rate of 1 ml/h, with patient-controlled bolus of 2 ml each time and a lockout time from 6 to 8 minutes.
arm group label: Control group
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: Morphine analgesia is provided for patients in this group in the form of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. The formula contains morphine (0.5 mg/ml), diluted with normal saline to a total volume of 160 ml. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is added when necessary. The analgesic pump is set to administer a background infusion at a rate of 1 ml/h, with patient-controlled bolus of 2 ml each time and a lockout time from 6 to 8 minutes.
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Dexmedetomidine supplemented morphine analgesia
description: Patients in this group receive patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for 3 days after surgery. The formula is a mixture of dexmedetomidine (1.25 ug/ml) and morphine (0.5 mg/ml), diluted with normal saline to 160 ml. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is added when necessary. The analgesic pump is set to administer a background infusion at a rate of 1 ml/h, with a bolus dose of 2 ml at each time and a lockout time from 6 to 8 minutes.
arm group label: Dexmedetomidine group
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Morphine analgesia
description: Patients in this group receive patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for 3 days after surgery. The formula is morphine (0.5 mg/ml), diluted with normal saline to 160 ml. 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is added when necessary. The analgesic pump is set to administer a background infusion at a rate of 1 ml/h, with a bolus dose of 2 ml at each time and a lockout time from 6 to 8 minutes.
arm group label: Control group
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 65 Years
maximum age: 90 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Peking University First Hospital
facility: 
country: China
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PMID: 22824921
citation: Ma J, Zhang XL, Wang CY, Lin Z, Tao JR, Liu HC. Dexmedetomidine alleviates the spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury through blocking mast cell degranulation. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 Sep 15;8(9):14741-9. eCollection 2015.
PMID: 26628956
citation: Roy S, Ninkovic J, Banerjee S, Charboneau RG, Das S, Dutta R, Kirchner VA, Koodie L, Ma J, Meng J, Barke RA. Opioid drug abuse and modulation of immune function: consequences in the susceptibility to opportunistic infections. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2011 Dec;6(4):442-65. doi: 10.1007/s11481-011-9292-5. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
PMID: 21789507
citation: Vassou D, Notas G, Hatzoglou A, Castanas E, Kampa M. Opioids increase bladder cancer cell migration via bradykinin B2 receptors. Int J Oncol. 2011 Sep;39(3):697-707. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1063. Epub 2011 Jun 3.
PMID: 21643624
citation: Fujioka N, Nguyen J, Chen C, Li Y, Pasrija T, Niehans G, Johnson KN, Gupta V, Kratzke RA, Gupta K. Morphine-induced epidermal growth factor pathway activation in non-small cell lung cancer. Anesth Analg. 2011 Dec;113(6):1353-64. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318232b35a. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
PMID: 22003224
citation: Friese RS. Sleep and recovery from critical illness and injury: a review of theory, current practice, and future directions. Crit Care Med. 2008 Mar;36(3):697-705. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0B013E3181643F29.
PMID: 18176314
citation: Alexopoulou C, Kondili E, Diamantaki E, Psarologakis C, Kokkini S, Bolaki M, Georgopoulos D. Effects of dexmedetomidine on sleep quality in critically ill patients: a pilot study. Anesthesiology. 2014 Oct;121(4):801-7. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000361.
PMID: 24988068
citation: Skevington SM, McCrate FM. Expecting a good quality of life in health: assessing people with diverse diseases and conditions using the WHOQOL-BREF. Health Expect. 2012 Mar;15(1):49-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00650.x. Epub 2011 Jan 31.
PMID: 21281412
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Peking University First Hospital
investigator full name: Dong-Xin Wang
investigator title: Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
mesh term: Agnosia
mesh term: Dexmedetomidine
mesh term: Morphine
sharing ipd: No