<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03023462</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>AB3384</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03023462</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Efficacy of an Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block vs. a TAP-block for Inguinal Hernia Repair</brief_title>
  <official_title>Efficacy of the Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus the Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Elective Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Ostfold Hospital Trust</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Ostfold Hospital Trust</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
    <is_us_export>No</is_us_export>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      One of the most common complications after hernia repair is postoperative and chronic pain.&#xD;
      TAP (transverse abdominis plain) block is a recommended multimodal method of reducing&#xD;
      postoperative pain in laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repair. The objective of this&#xD;
      study is to determine whether the use of a perioperative echo guided unilateral TAP block has&#xD;
      a superior effect on postoperative pain after laparoscopic inguinal repair compared to an&#xD;
      anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block with a long acting local anesthetic.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      One of the most common complications after hernia repair is postoperative and chronic pain.&#xD;
      Postoperative pain is an expected but undesirable effect after an operation, which can result&#xD;
      in an prolonged hospital stay or longer time to return fully to normal daily activities.&#xD;
      There are indications that an insufficient treatment of postoperative pain is a risk factor&#xD;
      for persistent or chronic pain after open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (Berndsen&#xD;
      FH 2007) (Nienhuijs SW 2005).&#xD;
&#xD;
      TAP (transverse abdominis plain) block is a recommended multimodal method of reducing&#xD;
      postoperative pain in laparoscopic and open surgery (El-Dawlatly AA 2009; 102). TAP block&#xD;
      (Meyer A 2015) and an anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block (Adhikary, S.D. 2017) are both&#xD;
      recommended for inguinal hernia repair. The objective of this study is to determine, whether&#xD;
      the use of a perioperative echo guided unilateral TAP block has a superior effect on&#xD;
      postoperative pain after laparoscopic inguinal repair compared to the anterior Quadratus&#xD;
      Lumborum Block with a long acting local anesthetic. There will be no further analysis in this&#xD;
      study regarding the evidence of open hernia inguinal repair and chronic pain.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The primary endpoint:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Opioid consumption measured in orale morphine equivalents four hours postoperative.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The secondary endpoints:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Opoioid consumption measured in orale morphine equivalents after 24 hours, 48 hours and seven&#xD;
      days postoperative.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Postoperative nausea and vomiting measured on a NRS scale 0-3 at timepoints 1,2,3 hours, 24&#xD;
      hours, 48 hours and 7 days. Sedation scores measured on a NRS scale 0-3 at timepoints 1,2,3&#xD;
      hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days. .&#xD;
&#xD;
      There will be conducted a telephone interview by a blinded study nurse at 24 h, 48 h and 7&#xD;
      days, interviewing the patients as to their NRS score, nausea, sedation, level of activity&#xD;
      and satisfaction with their overall treatment.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Power and Sample Size Calculator A pilot consisting of 12 patients was performed. The&#xD;
      patients recieved a TAP block before a elective laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. The mean&#xD;
      oral morphine equivalents after four hours postoperative was 8.75 mg and the standard&#xD;
      deviation 5.93 mg. With a significant clinical difference of 50%,an α = 0,05 and an effect&#xD;
      size of 80% (β = 0,2) the total sample size is 60 patients with 30 patients in each group.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Premedication: Paracetamol by weight (2 grams (g)&gt;70 kilos (kg) &lt;70 years, 1,5 g &lt;70 kg &gt;70&#xD;
      years, 1 g &lt;50 kg) , Diclofenac by weight (100 milligrams (mg) &gt;70 kg &lt;70 years, 50 mg &lt;70 kg&#xD;
      &gt;70 years).&#xD;
&#xD;
      General anaesthesia: TCI (Target Control Infusion = Anesthesia protocol): Propofol and&#xD;
      Remifentanil Surgical procedure: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. 5 mg/ml 10 ml&#xD;
      Ropivacaine in the ports peroperatively.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Postoperatively:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Oral paracetamol 1000 mg every 6 h&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  In case of insufficient analgesia (NRS≥4) oxycodon 2-5 mg will be administered by a&#xD;
           postoperative nurse.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  When nausea and vomiting occurs postoperatively, ondansetron 4 mg IV administers as the&#xD;
           drug of first choice followed by droperidol 0,625 mg IV if the nausea/vomiting persists.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">September 5, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">June 30, 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">June 30, 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>Group QLB: Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block using ropivacaine 7,5 mg/ml, 20ml. Subcutaneous wound infiltration in all patients with ropivacaine 5 mg/ml,10 ml.&#xD;
Group TAP: Transversus abdominis plane block using ropivacaine 7,5 mg/ml, 20 ml Subcutaneous wound infiltration in all patients with ropivacaine 5 mg/ml,10 ml.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
    <masking_description>Computer generated randomization with allocation in opaque envelopes. Randomization performed by other study personell than care provider.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Opioid consumption measured as orale morphine equivalents.</measure>
    <time_frame>0 - 4 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Differences in opioid consumption after four hours.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Postoperative nausea and vomiting</measure>
    <time_frame>0 - 7 days postoperative.</time_frame>
    <description>Nausea is measured by a NRS score 0-3 at the timepoints 1,2,3 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Sedation scores</measure>
    <time_frame>0 - 7 days postoperative.</time_frame>
    <description>Sedation is measured by a NRS score 0-3 at the timepoints 1,2,3 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Opioid consumption measured in orale morphine equivalents.</measure>
    <time_frame>4 hours- 7 days postopertive.</time_frame>
    <description>Opioid consumption measured at 24 hours, 48 hours and seven days.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">60</enrollment>
  <condition>Inguinal Hernia</condition>
  <condition>Pain, Postoperative</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Transmuscular Quadratus lumborum Block</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>A single shot unilateral transmuscular Quadratus lumborum Block with Ropivacaine 7,5 mg/ml, 20 ml</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>TAP Block</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>A single shot unilateral TAP block with Ropivacaine 7,5 mg/ml, 20 ml</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Oksykodonhydroklorid</intervention_name>
    <description>Oksykodonhydroklorid, 5 - 10 mg intravenously or orally postoperatively to reduce pain. Repetition until effect.</description>
    <arm_group_label>TAP Block</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Transmuscular Quadratus lumborum Block</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>oxycodone</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Ondansetron and Droperidol</intervention_name>
    <description>When nausea and vomiting: Ondansetron 4mg and droperidol 0,625 mg intravenously</description>
    <arm_group_label>TAP Block</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Transmuscular Quadratus lumborum Block</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Ondansetron and Dridol</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Ropivacaine</intervention_name>
    <description>Local anesthetic for the block</description>
    <arm_group_label>TAP Block</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Transmuscular Quadratus lumborum Block</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion criteria;&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Age &gt; 18 years&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  BMI (body mass index) 20-35&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  ASA (American Association of Anesthesiologists Classification system for physical&#xD;
             status) I-III.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Scheduled for elective laparoscopic inguinal hernia operation&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Allergy to latex, local anesthesia or opioids&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Chronic pain with daily opiate use&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patients with severe renal and/or hepatic disease&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Local infection at the site of injection&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Systemic infection&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  AV block 2-3&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Inability to understand written or spoken Norwegian&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Inability to cooperate&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Dementia&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Known abuse of alcohol or medication&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Coagulation disorder&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnancy Previously operated with same side operation.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>100 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Jan Sverre Vamnes, MD, Ph.D.</last_name>
    <role>Study Chair</role>
    <affiliation>Senior consultant</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Ostfold Hospital Trust, Moss</name>
      <address>
        <city>Moss</city>
        <state>Ostfold</state>
        <zip>1500</zip>
        <country>Norway</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Norway</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Berndsen FH, Petersson U, Arvidsson D, Leijonmarck CE, Rudberg C, Smedberg S, Montgomery A; SMIL Study Group. Discomfort five years after laparoscopic and Shouldice inguinal hernia repair: a randomised trial with 867 patients. A report from the SMIL study group. Hernia. 2007 Aug;11(4):307-13. doi: 10.1007/s10029-007-0214-7. Epub 2007 Apr 18.</citation>
    <PMID>17440795</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>El-Dawlatly AA, Turkistani A, Kettner SC, Machata AM, Delvi MB, Thallaj A, Kapral S, Marhofer P. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block: description of a new technique and comparison with conventional systemic analgesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Jun;102(6):763-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep067. Epub 2009 Apr 17. Erratum In: Br J Anaesth. 2009 Oct;103(4):622.</citation>
    <PMID>19376789</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Meyer A, Bonnet L, Bourbon M, Blanc P. Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) endoscopic inguinal hernia repair with TAP (transversus abdominis plane) block as a day-case: a prospective cohort study. J Visc Surg. 2015 Jun;152(3):155-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2014.12.005. Epub 2015 Jan 6.</citation>
    <PMID>25575582</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nienhuijs SW, Boelens OB, Strobbe LJ. Pain after anterior mesh hernia repair. J Am Coll Surg. 2005 Jun;200(6):885-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.02.005.</citation>
    <PMID>15922201</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Petersen PL, Mathiesen O, Stjernholm P, Kristiansen VB, Torup H, Hansen EG, Mitchell AU, Moeller A, Rosenberg J, Dahl JB. The effect of transversus abdominis plane block or local anaesthetic infiltration in inguinal hernia repair: a randomised clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2013 Jul;30(7):415-21. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32835fc86f.</citation>
    <PMID>23549122</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Adhikary SD, El-Boghdadly K, Nasralah Z, Sarwani N, Nixon AM, Chin KJ. A radiologic and anatomic assessment of injectate spread following transmuscular quadratus lumborum block in cadavers. Anaesthesia. 2017 Jan;72(1):73-79. doi: 10.1111/anae.13647. Epub 2016 Oct 12.</citation>
    <PMID>27730633</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>November 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 3, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 13, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">January 18, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>November 10, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>November 10, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">November 18, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Anterior Quadratus Lumborum block</keyword>
  <keyword>Transversus Abdominis block</keyword>
  <keyword>Truncal block</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Hernia</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Pain, Postoperative</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Hernia, Inguinal</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Droperidol</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Oxycodone</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Ondansetron</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Ropivacaine</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>No sharing plan so far</ipd_description>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03023462
org study id: AB3384
nct id: NCT03023462
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
is us export: No
One of the most common complications after hernia repair is postoperative and chronic pain.
      TAP (transverse abdominis plain) block is a recommended multimodal method of reducing
      postoperative pain in laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repair. The objective of this
      study is to determine whether the use of a perioperative echo guided unilateral TAP block has
      a superior effect on postoperative pain after laparoscopic inguinal repair compared to an
      anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block with a long acting local anesthetic.
One of the most common complications after hernia repair is postoperative and chronic pain.
      Postoperative pain is an expected but undesirable effect after an operation, which can result
      in an prolonged hospital stay or longer time to return fully to normal daily activities.
      There are indications that an insufficient treatment of postoperative pain is a risk factor
      for persistent or chronic pain after open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (Berndsen
      FH 2007) (Nienhuijs SW 2005).

      TAP (transverse abdominis plain) block is a recommended multimodal method of reducing
      postoperative pain in laparoscopic and open surgery (El-Dawlatly AA 2009; 102). TAP block
      (Meyer A 2015) and an anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block (Adhikary, S.D. 2017) are both
      recommended for inguinal hernia repair. The objective of this study is to determine, whether
      the use of a perioperative echo guided unilateral TAP block has a superior effect on
      postoperative pain after laparoscopic inguinal repair compared to the anterior Quadratus
      Lumborum Block with a long acting local anesthetic. There will be no further analysis in this
      study regarding the evidence of open hernia inguinal repair and chronic pain.

      The primary endpoint:

      Opioid consumption measured in orale morphine equivalents four hours postoperative.

      The secondary endpoints:

      Opoioid consumption measured in orale morphine equivalents after 24 hours, 48 hours and seven
      days postoperative.

      Postoperative nausea and vomiting measured on a NRS scale 0-3 at timepoints 1,2,3 hours, 24
      hours, 48 hours and 7 days. Sedation scores measured on a NRS scale 0-3 at timepoints 1,2,3
      hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days. .

      There will be conducted a telephone interview by a blinded study nurse at 24 h, 48 h and 7
      days, interviewing the patients as to their NRS score, nausea, sedation, level of activity
      and satisfaction with their overall treatment.

      Power and Sample Size Calculator A pilot consisting of 12 patients was performed. The
      patients recieved a TAP block before a elective laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. The mean
      oral morphine equivalents after four hours postoperative was 8.75 mg and the standard
      deviation 5.93 mg. With a significant clinical difference of 50%,an α = 0,05 and an effect
      size of 80% (β = 0,2) the total sample size is 60 patients with 30 patients in each group.

      Premedication: Paracetamol by weight (2 grams (g)>70 kilos (kg) <70 years, 1,5 g <70 kg >70
      years, 1 g <50 kg) , Diclofenac by weight (100 milligrams (mg) >70 kg <70 years, 50 mg <70 kg
      >70 years).

      General anaesthesia: TCI (Target Control Infusion = Anesthesia protocol): Propofol and
      Remifentanil Surgical procedure: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. 5 mg/ml 10 ml
      Ropivacaine in the ports peroperatively.

      Postoperatively:

        -  Oral paracetamol 1000 mg every 6 h

        -  In case of insufficient analgesia (NRS≥4) oxycodon 2-5 mg will be administered by a
           postoperative nurse.

        -  When nausea and vomiting occurs postoperatively, ondansetron 4 mg IV administers as the
           drug of first choice followed by droperidol 0,625 mg IV if the nausea/vomiting persists.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: Group QLB: Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block using ropivacaine 7,5 mg/ml, 20ml. Subcutaneous wound infiltration in all patients with ropivacaine 5 mg/ml,10 ml.
Group TAP: Transversus abdominis plane block using ropivacaine 7,5 mg/ml, 20 ml Subcutaneous wound infiltration in all patients with ropivacaine 5 mg/ml,10 ml.
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
masking description: Computer generated randomization with allocation in opaque envelopes. Randomization performed by other study personell than care provider.
measure: Opioid consumption measured as orale morphine equivalents.
time frame: 0 - 4 hours
description: Differences in opioid consumption after four hours.
measure: Postoperative nausea and vomiting
time frame: 0 - 7 days postoperative.
description: Nausea is measured by a NRS score 0-3 at the timepoints 1,2,3 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days.
measure: Sedation scores
time frame: 0 - 7 days postoperative.
description: Sedation is measured by a NRS score 0-3 at the timepoints 1,2,3 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days.
measure: Opioid consumption measured in orale morphine equivalents.
time frame: 4 hours- 7 days postopertive.
description: Opioid consumption measured at 24 hours, 48 hours and seven days.
arm group label: Transmuscular Quadratus lumborum Block
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: A single shot unilateral transmuscular Quadratus lumborum Block with Ropivacaine 7,5 mg/ml, 20 ml
arm group label: TAP Block
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: A single shot unilateral TAP block with Ropivacaine 7,5 mg/ml, 20 ml
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Oksykodonhydroklorid
description: Oksykodonhydroklorid, 5 - 10 mg intravenously or orally postoperatively to reduce pain. Repetition until effect.
arm group label: TAP Block
arm group label: Transmuscular Quadratus lumborum Block
other name: oxycodone
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Ondansetron and Droperidol
description: When nausea and vomiting: Ondansetron 4mg and droperidol 0,625 mg intravenously
arm group label: TAP Block
arm group label: Transmuscular Quadratus lumborum Block
other name: Ondansetron and Dridol
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Ropivacaine
description: Local anesthetic for the block
arm group label: TAP Block
arm group label: Transmuscular Quadratus lumborum Block
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 100 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Jan Sverre Vamnes, MD, Ph.D.
role: Study Chair
affiliation: Senior consultant
facility: 
country: Norway
citation: Berndsen FH, Petersson U, Arvidsson D, Leijonmarck CE, Rudberg C, Smedberg S, Montgomery A; SMIL Study Group. Discomfort five years after laparoscopic and Shouldice inguinal hernia repair: a randomised trial with 867 patients. A report from the SMIL study group. Hernia. 2007 Aug;11(4):307-13. doi: 10.1007/s10029-007-0214-7. Epub 2007 Apr 18.
PMID: 17440795
citation: El-Dawlatly AA, Turkistani A, Kettner SC, Machata AM, Delvi MB, Thallaj A, Kapral S, Marhofer P. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block: description of a new technique and comparison with conventional systemic analgesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Jun;102(6):763-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep067. Epub 2009 Apr 17. Erratum In: Br J Anaesth. 2009 Oct;103(4):622.
PMID: 19376789
citation: Meyer A, Bonnet L, Bourbon M, Blanc P. Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) endoscopic inguinal hernia repair with TAP (transversus abdominis plane) block as a day-case: a prospective cohort study. J Visc Surg. 2015 Jun;152(3):155-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2014.12.005. Epub 2015 Jan 6.
PMID: 25575582
citation: Nienhuijs SW, Boelens OB, Strobbe LJ. Pain after anterior mesh hernia repair. J Am Coll Surg. 2005 Jun;200(6):885-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.02.005.
PMID: 15922201
citation: Petersen PL, Mathiesen O, Stjernholm P, Kristiansen VB, Torup H, Hansen EG, Mitchell AU, Moeller A, Rosenberg J, Dahl JB. The effect of transversus abdominis plane block or local anaesthetic infiltration in inguinal hernia repair: a randomised clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2013 Jul;30(7):415-21. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32835fc86f.
PMID: 23549122
citation: Adhikary SD, El-Boghdadly K, Nasralah Z, Sarwani N, Nixon AM, Chin KJ. A radiologic and anatomic assessment of injectate spread following transmuscular quadratus lumborum block in cadavers. Anaesthesia. 2017 Jan;72(1):73-79. doi: 10.1111/anae.13647. Epub 2016 Oct 12.
PMID: 27730633
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Hernia
mesh term: Pain, Postoperative
mesh term: Hernia, Inguinal
mesh term: Droperidol
mesh term: Oxycodone
mesh term: Ondansetron
mesh term: Ropivacaine
sharing ipd: Undecided
ipd description: No sharing plan so far