<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03043495</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>DexSupraClav</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03043495</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Dexamethasone Dose in Low Volume Bupivacaine USG Supraclavicular Block</brief_title>
  <official_title>The Optimal Dose Of Dexamethasone To Be Used As An Adjuvant To Low Volume Bupivacaine Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block. A Randomized Controlled Double Blinded Dose Ranging Study</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Eslam Ayman Mohamed Shawki</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Cairo University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>Yes</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      A dose-ranging study to test various doses of Dexamethasone (2, 4 &amp; 8 mg) to be used as an&#xD;
      adjuvant to Local anesthetic drugs in ultrasound guided low volume Supraclavicular brachial&#xD;
      plexus block to find the best balance between valuable effects (mainly duration of analgesic&#xD;
      Effect) and side-effects (mainly increased random blood sugar levels)&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Brachial plexus nerve blocks (BPBs) for upper extremity surgery provide superior analgesia&#xD;
      and reduce opioid consumption. Supraclavicular block anesthetizes the brachial plexus where&#xD;
      it is in its most compact form, thus providing a complete and reliable block for upper&#xD;
      extremity surgery. Ultrasound guided single injection (SI) and triple injection (TI)&#xD;
      techniques were found to provide the same degree of surgical anesthesia at 30 minutes while&#xD;
      the TI technique needed more time to perform.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Many studies were conducted to examine the effect of perineural Dexamethasone as a local&#xD;
      anesthetic adjuvant in low volume peripheral nerve blocks were it was found to increase the&#xD;
      mean duration of analgesia (sensory block) with short, medium and long acting local&#xD;
      anesthetics as well as the duration of motor blockade, with a reduction in pain scores at&#xD;
      rest during the intermediate (8-12 h) and late (24 h) postoperative periods and in movement&#xD;
      at all times. At 24 postoperative hours, cumulative morphine consumption and the rate of&#xD;
      nausea or vomiting were also reduced without any reported related serious adverse effects,&#xD;
      also the value of its concomitant intravenous use in prolonging the duration of analgesia&#xD;
      after regional blocks was studied with promising results that can sometimes be compared to&#xD;
      the perineural route but more short-lived and associated with higher increase in blood&#xD;
      glucose levels. Dexamethasone's mechanism of action may result from decreased nociceptive&#xD;
      C-fibre activity via a direct effect on glucocorticoid receptors and inhibitory effect on&#xD;
      potassium channels.(8) Other authors suggest a local vasoconstrictive effect, resulting in&#xD;
      reduced local anaesthetic absorption or a systemic anti-inflammatory effect following&#xD;
      vascular uptake of the drug.&#xD;
&#xD;
      A debate exists whether perineural corticosteroids are harmful or not, but reports of&#xD;
      neurotoxicity seem to be related mainly to the preservative benzyl alcohol and the vehicle&#xD;
      polyethylene glycol found in some preparations, also may be related to the presence of&#xD;
      insoluble steroid particulate matter in the injectate. Dexamethasone is non-particulate and&#xD;
      can be found in a preservative-free formulation. In addition, no significant long-term&#xD;
      electrophysiological, behavioural or histological effects for corticosteroids were identified&#xD;
      on rat sciatic nerve tissue even some data suggest dexamethasone may actually be&#xD;
      neuroprotective. In reality, perineural corticosteroid injections with and without&#xD;
      preservative are widely used throughout the world.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Various doses of Dexamethasone were used in local anaesthetic mixtures in regional blocks in&#xD;
      various studies, including 4, 5, 8 and 10 mg. In a recent review &amp; meta-analysis by E.&#xD;
      Albrecht and his colleagues, sub-group analysis revealed no association between the total&#xD;
      dose of perineural Dexamethasone and the mean increase in duration of analgesia showing that&#xD;
      Dose-finding studies are needed to better define the optimal balance between dose, effects&#xD;
      and side-effects, particularly at doses lower than 4 mg.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">October 1, 2016</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">June 1, 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">April 1, 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>Phase 4</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <intervention_model_description>The patients will be randomized to 4 groups:&#xD;
Group A: N-12 will receive a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 0.5ml (2mg) Dexamethasone, 1.5ml Normal saline.&#xD;
Group B: N-12 will receive a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 1ml (4mg) Dexamethasone, 1ml Normal saline.&#xD;
Group C: N-12 will receive a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 2ml (8mg) Dexamethasone.&#xD;
Group Control: N-12 will receive a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 2ml Normal saline.</intervention_model_description>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
    <masking_description>The patient and the attending anesthetist who will manage the patient intra-operatively and perform the block, will be blinded to the patient group allocation All recorded values will be obtained by personnel blinded to the group allocation of the patient.</masking_description>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Duration of analgesia</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>The time between injection of Local anesthetic mixture during performing the block and time of administration of the first dose of rescue analgesia at VAS equal or more than 4</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Duration of motor block</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>The time between injection of Local anesthetic mixture during performing the block and regaining full motor power in the distribution of all 4 nerves represented by score 6 on Modified Lovett rating scale</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Patient Satisfaction score</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>A point on a 10 point numeric scale where 0 is very dissatisfied and 10 very satisfied one time at the end of the first postoperative 24 hours</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Random Blood glucose levels</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Random blood glucose level readings will be obtained from the patient using fast strip test (ACCU-CHEK.) First, upon arrival to the operating theatre, then at the end of the operation then every 8 hours in the first 24 hours postoperatively</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Incidence of PONV</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Incidence of complications</measure>
    <time_frame>24 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Incidence of Pneumothorax, Nerve injury, Haematoma formation, Intravascular injection</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>4</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">40</enrollment>
  <condition>Dexamethasone</condition>
  <condition>Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Group A</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>N-12 Ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block will be preformed using a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 0.5ml (2mg) Dexamethasone, 1.5ml Normal saline.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Group B</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>N-12 Ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block will be preformed using a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 1ml (4mg) Dexamethasone, 1ml Normal saline.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Group C</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>N-12 Ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block will be preformed using a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 2ml (8mg) Dexamethasone.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Group Control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>N-12 Ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block will be preformed using a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 2ml Normal saline.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block</intervention_name>
    <description>ultrasound guided Supraclavicular brachial plexus block</description>
    <arm_group_label>Group A</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Group B</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Group C</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Group Control</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Dexamethasone</intervention_name>
    <description>Various doses of Dexamethasone (2, 4 &amp; 8 mg) to be used as an Adjuvant to Local anesthetic drugs</description>
    <arm_group_label>Group A</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Group B</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Group C</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Decadron</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patients undergoing surgeries in the upper limb (arm, forearm or hand)&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Coagulopathies (with prothrombin concentration less than 60% or INR more than 1.5)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  In-ability to postpone anti-coagulation medications.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Infection or injury or a lesion at the block site.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Suspected cervical vertebral column injury necessitating using a neck collar.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  A compromised lung on the contralateral side of the block (Pneumothorax, hemothorax or&#xD;
             Pneumonectomy).&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Traumatic vascular injuries or operative interventions (Surgical harvesting) involving&#xD;
             arteries of the upper limb on the operative side.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patients with communication difficulties.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Hypersensitivity to local anesthetics and/or Dexamethasone.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patients on perioperative intravenous (IV) steroids.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>80 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Eslam A Shawki, M.D.</last_name>
    <phone>+201225771017</phone>
    <email>eslam.ayman@kasralainy.edu.eg</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Faculty of medicine, Cairo University teaching hospitals (Kasr Alainy)</name>
      <address>
        <city>Cairo</city>
        <country>Egypt</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Eslam A Shawki, M.D</last_name>
      <phone>'+201225771017</phone>
      <email>eslam.ayman@kasralainy.edu.eg</email>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Egypt</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Fredrickson MJ, Krishnan S, Chen CY. Postoperative analgesia for shoulder surgery: a critical appraisal and review of current techniques. Anaesthesia. 2010 Jun;65(6):608-624. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06231.x.</citation>
    <PMID>20565394</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Neal JM, Hebl JR, Gerancher JC, Hogan QH. Brachial plexus anesthesia: essentials of our current understanding. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002 Jul-Aug;27(4):402-28. doi: 10.1053/rapm.2002.34377. No abstract available. Erratum In: Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002 Nov-Dec;27(6):625.</citation>
    <PMID>12132064</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Al Harbi M, Kaki AM, Kamal A, El-Dawlatly A, Daghistani M, El Tahan MR. A survey of the practice of regional anesthesia in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Anaesth. 2013 Oct;7(4):367-70. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.121041.</citation>
    <PMID>24348284</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rosenfeld DM, Ivancic MG, Hattrup SJ, Renfree KJ, Watkins AR, Hentz JG, Gorlin AW, Spiro JA, Trentman TL. Perineural versus intravenous dexamethasone as adjuncts to local anaesthetic brachial plexus block for shoulder surgery. Anaesthesia. 2016 Apr;71(4):380-8. doi: 10.1111/anae.13409. Epub 2016 Feb 22.</citation>
    <PMID>26899862</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Desmet M, Braems H, Reynvoet M, Plasschaert S, Van Cauwelaert J, Pottel H, Carlier S, Missant C, Van de Velde M. I.V. and perineural dexamethasone are equivalent in increasing the analgesic duration of a single-shot interscalene block with ropivacaine for shoulder surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Sep;111(3):445-52. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet109. Epub 2013 Apr 15.</citation>
    <PMID>23587875</PMID>
  </reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Albrecht E, Kern C, Kirkham KR. A systematic review and meta-analysis of perineural dexamethasone for peripheral nerve blocks. Anaesthesia. 2015 Jan;70(1):71-83. doi: 10.1111/anae.12823. Epub 2014 Aug 14.</citation>
    <PMID>25123271</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>February 2017</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>February 1, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>February 3, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">February 6, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>February 3, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>February 3, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Estimate">February 6, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor-Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Cairo University</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Eslam Ayman Mohamed Shawki</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Lecturer of anesthesia, SICU &amp; Pain Management</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>dexamethasone</keyword>
  <keyword>supraclavicular brachial plexus block</keyword>
  <keyword>ultrasound</keyword>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Dexamethasone</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03043495
org study id: DexSupraClav
nct id: NCT03043495
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: Yes
is fda regulated device: No
A dose-ranging study to test various doses of Dexamethasone (2, 4 & 8 mg) to be used as an
      adjuvant to Local anesthetic drugs in ultrasound guided low volume Supraclavicular brachial
      plexus block to find the best balance between valuable effects (mainly duration of analgesic
      Effect) and side-effects (mainly increased random blood sugar levels)
Brachial plexus nerve blocks (BPBs) for upper extremity surgery provide superior analgesia
      and reduce opioid consumption. Supraclavicular block anesthetizes the brachial plexus where
      it is in its most compact form, thus providing a complete and reliable block for upper
      extremity surgery. Ultrasound guided single injection (SI) and triple injection (TI)
      techniques were found to provide the same degree of surgical anesthesia at 30 minutes while
      the TI technique needed more time to perform.

      Many studies were conducted to examine the effect of perineural Dexamethasone as a local
      anesthetic adjuvant in low volume peripheral nerve blocks were it was found to increase the
      mean duration of analgesia (sensory block) with short, medium and long acting local
      anesthetics as well as the duration of motor blockade, with a reduction in pain scores at
      rest during the intermediate (8-12 h) and late (24 h) postoperative periods and in movement
      at all times. At 24 postoperative hours, cumulative morphine consumption and the rate of
      nausea or vomiting were also reduced without any reported related serious adverse effects,
      also the value of its concomitant intravenous use in prolonging the duration of analgesia
      after regional blocks was studied with promising results that can sometimes be compared to
      the perineural route but more short-lived and associated with higher increase in blood
      glucose levels. Dexamethasone's mechanism of action may result from decreased nociceptive
      C-fibre activity via a direct effect on glucocorticoid receptors and inhibitory effect on
      potassium channels.(8) Other authors suggest a local vasoconstrictive effect, resulting in
      reduced local anaesthetic absorption or a systemic anti-inflammatory effect following
      vascular uptake of the drug.

      A debate exists whether perineural corticosteroids are harmful or not, but reports of
      neurotoxicity seem to be related mainly to the preservative benzyl alcohol and the vehicle
      polyethylene glycol found in some preparations, also may be related to the presence of
      insoluble steroid particulate matter in the injectate. Dexamethasone is non-particulate and
      can be found in a preservative-free formulation. In addition, no significant long-term
      electrophysiological, behavioural or histological effects for corticosteroids were identified
      on rat sciatic nerve tissue even some data suggest dexamethasone may actually be
      neuroprotective. In reality, perineural corticosteroid injections with and without
      preservative are widely used throughout the world.

      Various doses of Dexamethasone were used in local anaesthetic mixtures in regional blocks in
      various studies, including 4, 5, 8 and 10 mg. In a recent review & meta-analysis by E.
      Albrecht and his colleagues, sub-group analysis revealed no association between the total
      dose of perineural Dexamethasone and the mean increase in duration of analgesia showing that
      Dose-finding studies are needed to better define the optimal balance between dose, effects
      and side-effects, particularly at doses lower than 4 mg.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
intervention model description: The patients will be randomized to 4 groups:
Group A: N-12 will receive a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 0.5ml (2mg) Dexamethasone, 1.5ml Normal saline.
Group B: N-12 will receive a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 1ml (4mg) Dexamethasone, 1ml Normal saline.
Group C: N-12 will receive a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 2ml (8mg) Dexamethasone.
Group Control: N-12 will receive a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 2ml Normal saline.
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
masking description: The patient and the attending anesthetist who will manage the patient intra-operatively and perform the block, will be blinded to the patient group allocation All recorded values will be obtained by personnel blinded to the group allocation of the patient.
measure: Duration of analgesia
time frame: 24 hours
description: The time between injection of Local anesthetic mixture during performing the block and time of administration of the first dose of rescue analgesia at VAS equal or more than 4
measure: Duration of motor block
time frame: 24 hours
description: The time between injection of Local anesthetic mixture during performing the block and regaining full motor power in the distribution of all 4 nerves represented by score 6 on Modified Lovett rating scale
measure: Patient Satisfaction score
time frame: 24 hours
description: A point on a 10 point numeric scale where 0 is very dissatisfied and 10 very satisfied one time at the end of the first postoperative 24 hours
measure: Random Blood glucose levels
time frame: 24 hours
description: Random blood glucose level readings will be obtained from the patient using fast strip test (ACCU-CHEK.) First, upon arrival to the operating theatre, then at the end of the operation then every 8 hours in the first 24 hours postoperatively
measure: Incidence of PONV
time frame: 24 hours
description: Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting
measure: Incidence of complications
time frame: 24 hours
description: Incidence of Pneumothorax, Nerve injury, Haematoma formation, Intravascular injection
arm group label: Group A
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: N-12 Ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block will be preformed using a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 0.5ml (2mg) Dexamethasone, 1.5ml Normal saline.
arm group label: Group B
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: N-12 Ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block will be preformed using a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 1ml (4mg) Dexamethasone, 1ml Normal saline.
arm group label: Group C
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: N-12 Ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block will be preformed using a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 2ml (8mg) Dexamethasone.
arm group label: Group Control
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: N-12 Ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block will be preformed using a total volume solution of 20ml: 18ml Bupivacaine 0.5%, 2ml Normal saline.
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block
description: ultrasound guided Supraclavicular brachial plexus block
arm group label: Group A
arm group label: Group B
arm group label: Group C
arm group label: Group Control
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Dexamethasone
description: Various doses of Dexamethasone (2, 4 & 8 mg) to be used as an Adjuvant to Local anesthetic drugs
arm group label: Group A
arm group label: Group B
arm group label: Group C
other name: Decadron
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 80 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Eslam A Shawki, M.D.
phone: +201225771017
email: eslam.ayman@kasralainy.edu.eg
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
country: Egypt
citation: Fredrickson MJ, Krishnan S, Chen CY. Postoperative analgesia for shoulder surgery: a critical appraisal and review of current techniques. Anaesthesia. 2010 Jun;65(6):608-624. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06231.x.
PMID: 20565394
citation: Neal JM, Hebl JR, Gerancher JC, Hogan QH. Brachial plexus anesthesia: essentials of our current understanding. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002 Jul-Aug;27(4):402-28. doi: 10.1053/rapm.2002.34377. No abstract available. Erratum In: Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002 Nov-Dec;27(6):625.
PMID: 12132064
citation: Al Harbi M, Kaki AM, Kamal A, El-Dawlatly A, Daghistani M, El Tahan MR. A survey of the practice of regional anesthesia in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Anaesth. 2013 Oct;7(4):367-70. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.121041.
PMID: 24348284
citation: Rosenfeld DM, Ivancic MG, Hattrup SJ, Renfree KJ, Watkins AR, Hentz JG, Gorlin AW, Spiro JA, Trentman TL. Perineural versus intravenous dexamethasone as adjuncts to local anaesthetic brachial plexus block for shoulder surgery. Anaesthesia. 2016 Apr;71(4):380-8. doi: 10.1111/anae.13409. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
PMID: 26899862
citation: Desmet M, Braems H, Reynvoet M, Plasschaert S, Van Cauwelaert J, Pottel H, Carlier S, Missant C, Van de Velde M. I.V. and perineural dexamethasone are equivalent in increasing the analgesic duration of a single-shot interscalene block with ropivacaine for shoulder surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Sep;111(3):445-52. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet109. Epub 2013 Apr 15.
PMID: 23587875
citation: Albrecht E, Kern C, Kirkham KR. A systematic review and meta-analysis of perineural dexamethasone for peripheral nerve blocks. Anaesthesia. 2015 Jan;70(1):71-83. doi: 10.1111/anae.12823. Epub 2014 Aug 14.
PMID: 25123271
responsible party type: Sponsor-Investigator
investigator affiliation: Cairo University
investigator full name: Eslam Ayman Mohamed Shawki
investigator title: Lecturer of anesthesia, SICU & Pain Management
mesh term: Dexamethasone
sharing ipd: No