<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02982668</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>KY20162086-2</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02982668</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Optimizing Early Enteral Nutrition in Severe Stroke</brief_title>
  <acronym>OPENS</acronym>
  <official_title>A Multi-center Randomised Controlled Trial to Explore the Ideal Initial Enteral Feeding Strategies in Patients With Severe Stroke at Acute Stage</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Xijing Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Tang-Du Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Xi'an Central Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>The PLA 940 hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Xi'an No.3 Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Yulin No.1 Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>The First People's Hospital of Xianyang</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Tongchuan Mining Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>The PLA General Hospital of Xinjiang</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Tongchuan People's Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Yulin No.2 Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Ankang Central Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Xijing Hospital</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The purpose of this academic lead study is to explore the ideal nutritional support strategy&#xD;
      for patient with acute severe stroke.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Of high mortality and morbidity, severe stroke is associated with devastating damages in&#xD;
      neurologic, respiratory, circulatory and many other systems. The outcomes of patients with&#xD;
      severe stroke depend largely on medical strategies on acute stage, especially on nutritional&#xD;
      support management. Unfortunately, clinical evidence are sparse and the ideal initial feeding&#xD;
      strategy remains disputable.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The IF-STROKE study aims to provide reliable data on the effects of modified full enteral&#xD;
      feeding (target recruitment 200) and permissive underfeeding in patients with acute severe&#xD;
      stroke (target recruitment 200) compared to full enteral feeding (target recruitment 200).&#xD;
      Patients presenting with acute (&lt;72h) severe stroke (GCS ≦ 12 or NIHSS ≧ 11) and dysphagia&#xD;
      (defined by Water Swallowing Test) will be randomly assigned to full enteral feeding,&#xD;
      modified full enteral feeding, or permissive underfeeding treatment for 7 days.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Terminated</overall_status>
  <why_stopped>
    Significantly higher mortality&#xD;
  </why_stopped>
  <start_date type="Actual">January 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">December 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Participant)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Rate of patients with death or major disability (modified Rankin scale score ≥3)</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months after enrollment</time_frame>
    <description>modified Rankin scale score, with score ranging from 0 (normal) to 6 (death), was used to evaluate the functional outcomes after stroke.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Mortality (rate of patients with death)</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months after enrollment</time_frame>
    <description>Rate of patients with death</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>The scores of National Institute of Health stroke scale</measure>
    <time_frame>7 days after enrollment</time_frame>
    <description>National Institute of Health stroke scale, with scores ranging from 0 (normal function) to 42 (functional impairment)) was used to evaluate the impairment caused by a stroke.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Glasgow Coma Scale</measure>
    <time_frame>7 days after enrollment</time_frame>
    <description>Glasgow Coma Scale, with scores ranging from 3 (no response) to 15 (normal response), was used to grade the conscious state.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>modified Rankin scale</measure>
    <time_frame>7 days after enrollment</time_frame>
    <description>modified Rankin scale score, with score ranging from 0 (normal) to 6 (death), was used to evaluate the functional outcomes after stroke.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Barthel index</measure>
    <time_frame>7 days after enrollment</time_frame>
    <description>The Barthel Index is a scale, with score ranging from 0 to 100 (normal), that measures disability or dependence in activities of daily living in stroke patients</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>modified Rankin scale</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months after enrollment</time_frame>
    <description>modified Rankin scale score, with score ranging from 0 (normal) to 6 (death), was used to evaluate the functional outcomes after stroke.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Barthel index</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months after enrollment</time_frame>
    <description>The Barthel Index is a scale, with score ranging from 0 to 100 (normal), that measures disability or dependence in activities of daily living in stroke patients</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>The incidence of treatment intolerance</measure>
    <time_frame>7 days after enrollment</time_frame>
    <description>The intolerance including gastric retention, diarrhea, constipation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>The incidence of serious adverse events</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months after enrollment</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>The incidence of adverse events That are related to treatment</measure>
    <time_frame>3 months after enrollment</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">306</enrollment>
  <condition>Severe Stroke</condition>
  <condition>Acute Stroke</condition>
  <condition>Dysphagia</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Full enteral feeding</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>The caloric goal of the first day is one-third of caloric requirements, the second day is half of caloric requirements, the third day is 70-100% and sustained for 1 week. Protein requirements are calculated at 1.2 to 1.5 g per kilogram of body weight per day.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Modified full enteral feeding</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Consistent with full enteral feeding plan, preventively add metoclopramide or mosapride everyday to improve gastrointestinal (GI) motility.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Permissive underfeeding</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>The caloric goal of the first day is one-third of caloric requirements, the second day is 40-60% and sustained for 1 week. Protein requirements are calculated at 1.2 to 1.5 g per kilogram of body weight per day.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Initial enteral feeding</intervention_name>
    <arm_group_label>Full enteral feeding</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Modified full enteral feeding</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Permissive underfeeding</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>metoclopramide or mosapride</intervention_name>
    <description>gastrointestinal (GI) motility improving</description>
    <arm_group_label>Modified full enteral feeding</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Severe stroke occurred in 7 days.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  GCS ≤12 or NIHSS≥11.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Any cases of profiles #3 through 5 in Water Swallowing Test or with disorder of&#xD;
             consciousness.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Plan to receive enteral feeding for at least 7 days.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Informed consent.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Gastrointestinal diseases before stroke, such as gastrointestinal resection,&#xD;
             malabsorption,and irritable bowel syndrome.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Brain death.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Complicated with the disease which only have life expectancy &lt; 6 months in over 50%&#xD;
             patients.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  After cardiac arrest.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Received parenteral nutrition support.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnant woman.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Concurrent severe hepatic or renal dysfunction。&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Unstable hemodynamics.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Wen Jiang, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Xijing Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Xi'an</city>
        <state>Shaanxi</state>
        <zip>710032</zip>
        <country>China</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Tangdu Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Xi'an</city>
        <state>Shaanxi</state>
        <zip>710038</zip>
        <country>China</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,</name>
      <address>
        <city>Xi'an</city>
        <state>Shaanxi</state>
        <zip>710061</zip>
        <country>China</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Yulin No.2 Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Yunlin</city>
        <state>Shaanxi</state>
        <zip>719000</zip>
        <country>China</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>China</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wirth R, Smoliner C, Jager M, Warnecke T, Leischker AH, Dziewas R; DGEM Steering Committee*. Guideline clinical nutrition in patients with stroke. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2013 Dec 1;5(1):14. doi: 10.1186/2040-7378-5-14.</citation>
    <PMID>24289189</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, Gervasio JM, Sacks GS, Roberts PR, Compher C; Society of Critical Care Medicine; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016 Feb;40(2):159-211. doi: 10.1177/0148607115621863. No abstract available. Erratum In: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016 Nov;40(8):1200.</citation>
    <PMID>26773077</PMID>
  </reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>FOOD Trial Collaboration. Poor nutritional status on admission predicts poor outcomes after stroke: observational data from the FOOD trial. Stroke. 2003 Jun;34(6):1450-6. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000074037.49197.8C. Epub 2003 May 15.</citation>
    <PMID>12750536</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Ukleja A. Altered GI motility in critically Ill patients: current understanding of pathophysiology, clinical impact, and diagnostic approach. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010 Feb;25(1):16-25. doi: 10.1177/0884533609357568.</citation>
    <PMID>20130154</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Dennis MS, Lewis SC, Warlow C; FOOD Trial Collaboration. Effect of timing and method of enteral tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients (FOOD): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Feb 26-Mar 4;365(9461):764-72. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17983-5.</citation>
    <PMID>15733717</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Heyland DK, Stephens KE, Day AG, McClave SA. The success of enteral nutrition and ICU-acquired infections: a multicenter observational study. Clin Nutr. 2011 Apr;30(2):148-55. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.09.011. Epub 2010 Oct 25.</citation>
    <PMID>20971534</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Jie B, Jiang ZM, Nolan MT, Zhu SN, Yu K, Kondrup J. Impact of preoperative nutritional support on clinical outcome in abdominal surgical patients at nutritional risk. Nutrition. 2012 Oct;28(10):1022-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.017. Epub 2012 Jun 5.</citation>
    <PMID>22673593</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network; Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Thompson BT, Steingrub J, Hite RD, Moss M, Morris A, Dong N, Rock P. Initial trophic vs full enteral feeding in patients with acute lung injury: the EDEN randomized trial. JAMA. 2012 Feb 22;307(8):795-803. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.137. Epub 2012 Feb 5.</citation>
    <PMID>22307571</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Permissive Underfeeding or Standard Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Adults. N Engl J Med. 2015 Sep 24;373(13):1281. doi: 10.1056/NEJMx150028. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>26398094</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>December 2020</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>November 27, 2016</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>November 30, 2016</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">December 5, 2016</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>October 31, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>October 31, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">November 4, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>severe stroke</keyword>
  <keyword>Acute Stroke</keyword>
  <keyword>Enteral Feeding</keyword>
  <keyword>Mortality</keyword>
  <keyword>Disability</keyword>
  <keyword>Clinical trial</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Stroke</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Metoclopramide</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Mosapride</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02982668
org study id: KY20162086-2
nct id: NCT02982668
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: Yes
The purpose of this academic lead study is to explore the ideal nutritional support strategy
      for patient with acute severe stroke.
Of high mortality and morbidity, severe stroke is associated with devastating damages in
      neurologic, respiratory, circulatory and many other systems. The outcomes of patients with
      severe stroke depend largely on medical strategies on acute stage, especially on nutritional
      support management. Unfortunately, clinical evidence are sparse and the ideal initial feeding
      strategy remains disputable.

      The IF-STROKE study aims to provide reliable data on the effects of modified full enteral
      feeding (target recruitment 200) and permissive underfeeding in patients with acute severe
      stroke (target recruitment 200) compared to full enteral feeding (target recruitment 200).
      Patients presenting with acute (<72h) severe stroke (GCS ≦ 12 or NIHSS ≧ 11) and dysphagia
      (defined by Water Swallowing Test) will be randomly assigned to full enteral feeding,
      modified full enteral feeding, or permissive underfeeding treatment for 7 days.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Supportive Care
masking: Single (Participant)
measure: Rate of patients with death or major disability (modified Rankin scale score ≥3)
time frame: 3 months after enrollment
description: modified Rankin scale score, with score ranging from 0 (normal) to 6 (death), was used to evaluate the functional outcomes after stroke.
measure: Mortality (rate of patients with death)
time frame: 3 months after enrollment
description: Rate of patients with death
measure: The scores of National Institute of Health stroke scale
time frame: 7 days after enrollment
description: National Institute of Health stroke scale, with scores ranging from 0 (normal function) to 42 (functional impairment)) was used to evaluate the impairment caused by a stroke.
measure: Glasgow Coma Scale
time frame: 7 days after enrollment
description: Glasgow Coma Scale, with scores ranging from 3 (no response) to 15 (normal response), was used to grade the conscious state.
measure: modified Rankin scale
time frame: 7 days after enrollment
description: modified Rankin scale score, with score ranging from 0 (normal) to 6 (death), was used to evaluate the functional outcomes after stroke.
measure: Barthel index
time frame: 7 days after enrollment
description: The Barthel Index is a scale, with score ranging from 0 to 100 (normal), that measures disability or dependence in activities of daily living in stroke patients
measure: modified Rankin scale
time frame: 3 months after enrollment
description: modified Rankin scale score, with score ranging from 0 (normal) to 6 (death), was used to evaluate the functional outcomes after stroke.
measure: Barthel index
time frame: 3 months after enrollment
description: The Barthel Index is a scale, with score ranging from 0 to 100 (normal), that measures disability or dependence in activities of daily living in stroke patients
measure: The incidence of treatment intolerance
time frame: 7 days after enrollment
description: The intolerance including gastric retention, diarrhea, constipation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage
measure: The incidence of serious adverse events
time frame: 3 months after enrollment
measure: The incidence of adverse events That are related to treatment
time frame: 3 months after enrollment
arm group label: Full enteral feeding
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: The caloric goal of the first day is one-third of caloric requirements, the second day is half of caloric requirements, the third day is 70-100% and sustained for 1 week. Protein requirements are calculated at 1.2 to 1.5 g per kilogram of body weight per day.
arm group label: Modified full enteral feeding
arm group type: Experimental
description: Consistent with full enteral feeding plan, preventively add metoclopramide or mosapride everyday to improve gastrointestinal (GI) motility.
arm group label: Permissive underfeeding
arm group type: Experimental
description: The caloric goal of the first day is one-third of caloric requirements, the second day is 40-60% and sustained for 1 week. Protein requirements are calculated at 1.2 to 1.5 g per kilogram of body weight per day.
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Initial enteral feeding
arm group label: Full enteral feeding
arm group label: Modified full enteral feeding
arm group label: Permissive underfeeding
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: metoclopramide or mosapride
description: gastrointestinal (GI) motility improving
arm group label: Modified full enteral feeding
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Wen Jiang, PhD
role: Study Director
affiliation: Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University
facility: 
facility: 
facility: 
facility: 
country: China
citation: Wirth R, Smoliner C, Jager M, Warnecke T, Leischker AH, Dziewas R; DGEM Steering Committee*. Guideline clinical nutrition in patients with stroke. Exp Transl Stroke Med. 2013 Dec 1;5(1):14. doi: 10.1186/2040-7378-5-14.
PMID: 24289189
citation: McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, Gervasio JM, Sacks GS, Roberts PR, Compher C; Society of Critical Care Medicine; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016 Feb;40(2):159-211. doi: 10.1177/0148607115621863. No abstract available. Erratum In: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016 Nov;40(8):1200.
PMID: 26773077
citation: FOOD Trial Collaboration. Poor nutritional status on admission predicts poor outcomes after stroke: observational data from the FOOD trial. Stroke. 2003 Jun;34(6):1450-6. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000074037.49197.8C. Epub 2003 May 15.
PMID: 12750536
citation: Ukleja A. Altered GI motility in critically Ill patients: current understanding of pathophysiology, clinical impact, and diagnostic approach. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010 Feb;25(1):16-25. doi: 10.1177/0884533609357568.
PMID: 20130154
citation: Dennis MS, Lewis SC, Warlow C; FOOD Trial Collaboration. Effect of timing and method of enteral tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients (FOOD): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Feb 26-Mar 4;365(9461):764-72. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17983-5.
PMID: 15733717
citation: Heyland DK, Stephens KE, Day AG, McClave SA. The success of enteral nutrition and ICU-acquired infections: a multicenter observational study. Clin Nutr. 2011 Apr;30(2):148-55. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.09.011. Epub 2010 Oct 25.
PMID: 20971534
citation: Jie B, Jiang ZM, Nolan MT, Zhu SN, Yu K, Kondrup J. Impact of preoperative nutritional support on clinical outcome in abdominal surgical patients at nutritional risk. Nutrition. 2012 Oct;28(10):1022-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.017. Epub 2012 Jun 5.
PMID: 22673593
citation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network; Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Thompson BT, Steingrub J, Hite RD, Moss M, Morris A, Dong N, Rock P. Initial trophic vs full enteral feeding in patients with acute lung injury: the EDEN randomized trial. JAMA. 2012 Feb 22;307(8):795-803. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.137. Epub 2012 Feb 5.
PMID: 22307571
citation: Permissive Underfeeding or Standard Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Adults. N Engl J Med. 2015 Sep 24;373(13):1281. doi: 10.1056/NEJMx150028. No abstract available.
PMID: 26398094
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Stroke
mesh term: Metoclopramide
mesh term: Mosapride