<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03017560</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>STU00200767</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03017560</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Treating Verbal Memory Deficits Following Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer</brief_title>
  <official_title>Treating Verbal Memory Deficits Following Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Northwestern University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Shirley Ryan AbilityLab</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Northwestern University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The primary purpose of this study is to test the effects of a targeted, computerized&#xD;
      cognitive training program on verbal memory in older women who have undergone chemotherapy&#xD;
      treatment for early-stage breast cancer. As measured by neuropsychological assessment, this&#xD;
      treatment will result in improved verbal memory. Secondarily, processing speed and naming&#xD;
      abilities are expected to improve. Enhanced self-perception of cognitive ability is also&#xD;
      expected.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <overall_status>Suspended</overall_status>
  <why_stopped>
    Principal Investigator Medical Leave&#xD;
  </why_stopped>
  <start_date>December 2015</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">May 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">May 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Verbal Memory</measure>
    <time_frame>Change in Verbal Memory scores from Pretreatment/Baseline to Posttreatment/6 weeks, from Posttreatment/6 weeks to 1 month followup/10 weeks, and from Pretreatment/Baseline to 1 month followup/10 weeks.</time_frame>
    <description>Immediate and delayed verbal memory</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Processing Speed measured via Lexical Decision Task</measure>
    <time_frame>Change in Processing Speed scores from Pretreatment/Baseline to Posttreatment/6 weeks, from Posttreatment/6 weeks to 1 month followup/10 weeks, and from Pretreatment/Baseline to 1 month followup/10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The Lexical Decision Task is a computerized task that measures processing speed by calculating reaction times to verb and non-verb stimuli. Outcome is measured by reaction time in milliseconds.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Processing Speed measured via Stroop Color-Word Test</measure>
    <time_frame>Change in Processing Speed scores from Pretreatment/Baseline to Posttreatment/6 weeks, from Posttreatment/6 weeks to 1 month followup/10 weeks, and from Pretreatment/Baseline to 1 month followup/10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The Stroop Color-Word task is a paper and pencil task that measures processing speed by assessing correct number of words read, correct number of color names read, and correct number of color-word interference pairs (i.e., names of colors printed in non-matching ink colors) read in 45 seconds. Outcomes are measured in raw scores and associated T-scores referenced against sex+age normative groups. The Stroop Color-Word Test scores will not be aggregated with the Lexical Decision Task scores.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognition</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre-treatment/Baseline, Post-treatment/6 weeks, 1 month followup/10 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Self-perception of cognitive ability</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Treatment satisfaction survey</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre-treatment/Baseline, Post-treatment/6 weeks, 1 month followup/10 weeks</time_frame>
  </other_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">45</enrollment>
  <condition>Breast Cancer Treatment</condition>
  <condition>Cognitive Deficits</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Computerized cognitive treatment</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Chosen exercises from the rehabilitation package of a commercially available, computerized, cognitive training program called Happy Neuron Pro will be used. This program was designed by a team of neurologists, neuropsychologists and cognitive psychologists, and has been successfully adapted for varying conditions of cognitive dysfunction.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Wait list control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants assigned to the wait list control arm will receive no treatment while the experimental arm is participating in the computerized treatment. However, the computerized treatment program will be made available for these participants to utilize at the end of the study period.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Computerized cognitive treatment</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants will engage in auditory and verbal memory exercises intended to improve verbal memory functioning. The exercises are: Elephant Memory, Words where are you?, Split words, Bird Songs, Sound check, and You've got voicemail. Participants will complete the exercises 1 hour per day, 6 days per week, for 6 weeks. The program automatically adjusts difficulty level according to individual performance. The program captures and reports all relevant data to the primary investigator, including accuracy and reaction time (speed), which will be used to measure progress.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Computerized cognitive treatment</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Women ages 65-90&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Chemotherapy treatment for early-stage (I, IIa, IIb, IIIa) breast cancer&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Post-menopausal&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  High school education or greater&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Geographically available for followup assessment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Native English speaker&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Normal or corrected to near-normal hearing and vision&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Psychiatric history including past or current psychotic spectrum disorders&#xD;
             (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, dementia, schizoaffective&#xD;
             disorder)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Brain injury (e.g., stroke, heart attack, aneurysm, tumor, concussion, head trauma)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Brain disease&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of brain irradiation or surgery&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Current or past disease/disorder of the central nervous system or medical condition&#xD;
             affecting cognitive functioning (e.g., chronic migraine, epilepsy or history of&#xD;
             seizures, encephalitis, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, thyroid condition,&#xD;
             Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's disease)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Active diagnosis of autoimmune or inflammatory disorder (e.g., systemic lupus&#xD;
             erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, insulin-dependent diabetes, Crohn's&#xD;
             disease, uncontrolled allergic reaction or asthma)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of other cancer, except for basal cell carcinoma&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Development of a second primary malignancy during the study&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Drug or alcohol abuse (i.e., more than 7 drinks per week)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Chronic use of oral steroid medication&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Former (prior to early-stage breast cancer) intrathecal therapy, radiation therapy,&#xD;
             chemotherapy, or any neoadjuvant chemotherapy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Acquired or developmental speech, language, or learning disorders (e.g., aphasia,&#xD;
             dyslexia, dysgraphia, auditory processing disorder, autism, developmental delay)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Hormone replacement therapy, excluding vaginal estrogen&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Female</gender>
    <minimum_age>65 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>90 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Diane F Morean, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Northwestern University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <reference>
    <citation>American Cancer Society (2014). Cancer prevalence: How many people have cancer? Retrieved March 24, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/cancer-prevalence.</citation>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>McKoy JM, Samaras AT, Bennett CL. Providing cancer care to a graying and diverse cancer population in the 21st century: are we prepared? J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 10;27(17):2745-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4352. Epub 2009 Apr 29. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>19403884</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Smith BD, Smith GL, Hurria A, Hortobagyi GN, Buchholz TA. Future of cancer incidence in the United States: burdens upon an aging, changing nation. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 10;27(17):2758-65. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.8983. Epub 2009 Apr 29.</citation>
    <PMID>19403886</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Von Ah D, Carpenter JS, Saykin A, Monahan P, Wu J, Yu M, Rebok G, Ball K, Schneider B, Weaver M, Tallman E, Unverzagt F. Advanced cognitive training for breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Oct;135(3):799-809. doi: 10.1007/s10549-012-2210-6. Epub 2012 Aug 24.</citation>
    <PMID>22918524</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Poppelreuter M, Weis J, Bartsch HH. Effects of specific neuropsychological training programs for breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2009;27(2):274-96. doi: 10.1080/07347330902776044.</citation>
    <PMID>19337933</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kesler S, Hadi Hosseini SM, Heckler C, Janelsins M, Palesh O, Mustian K, Morrow G. Cognitive training for improving executive function in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer survivors. Clin Breast Cancer. 2013 Aug;13(4):299-306. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2013.02.004. Epub 2013 May 4.</citation>
    <PMID>23647804</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ercoli LM, Castellon SA, Hunter AM, Kwan L, Kahn-Mills BA, Cernin PA, Leuchter AF, Ganz PA. Assessment of the feasibility of a rehabilitation intervention program for breast cancer survivors with cognitive complaints. Brain Imaging Behav. 2013 Dec;7(4):543-53. doi: 10.1007/s11682-013-9237-0.</citation>
    <PMID>23955490</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ferguson RJ, Ahles TA, Saykin AJ, McDonald BC, Furstenberg CT, Cole BF, Mott LA. Cognitive-behavioral management of chemotherapy-related cognitive change. Psychooncology. 2007 Aug;16(8):772-7. doi: 10.1002/pon.1133.</citation>
    <PMID>17152119</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ferguson RJ, McDonald BC, Rocque MA, Furstenberg CT, Horrigan S, Ahles TA, Saykin AJ. Development of CBT for chemotherapy-related cognitive change: results of a waitlist control trial. Psychooncology. 2012 Feb;21(2):176-86. doi: 10.1002/pon.1878. Epub 2010 Dec 2.</citation>
    <PMID>22271538</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lange M, Rigal O, Clarisse B, Giffard B, Sevin E, Barillet M, Eustache F, Joly F. Cognitive dysfunctions in elderly cancer patients: a new challenge for oncologists. Cancer Treat Rev. 2014 Jul;40(6):810-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.03.003. Epub 2014 Mar 20.</citation>
    <PMID>24713425</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jenkins V, Shilling V, Fallowfield L, Howell A, Hutton S. Does hormone therapy for the treatment of breast cancer have a detrimental effect on memory and cognition? A pilot study. Psychooncology. 2004 Jan;13(1):61-6. doi: 10.1002/pon.709.</citation>
    <PMID>14745746</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>McKoy JM, Burhenn PS, Browner IS, Loeser KL, Tulas KM, Oden MR, Rupper RW. Assessing cognitive function and capacity in older adults with cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2014 Jan;12(1):138-44. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2014.0011.</citation>
    <PMID>24453297</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kueider AM, Parisi JM, Gross AL, Rebok GW. Computerized cognitive training with older adults: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40588. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040588. Epub 2012 Jul 11.</citation>
    <PMID>22792378</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Maseda A, Millan-Calenti JC, Lorenzo-Lopez L, Nunez-Naveira L. Efficacy of a computerized cognitive training application for older adults with and without memory impairments. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2013 Aug;25(4):411-9. doi: 10.1007/s40520-013-0070-5. Epub 2013 Jun 19.</citation>
    <PMID>23780693</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gunther VK, Schafer P, Holzner BJ, Kemmler GW. Long-term improvements in cognitive performance through computer-assisted cognitive training: a pilot study in a residential home for older people. Aging Ment Health. 2003 May;7(3):200-6. doi: 10.1080/1360786031000101175.</citation>
    <PMID>12775401</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Smith, A. (2014). Older adults and technology use. Pew Research Center. Retrieved on March 24, 2015 from http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/04/03/older-adults-and-technology-use/.</citation>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>January 2017</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 3, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 9, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">January 11, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 9, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 9, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Estimate">January 11, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Breast Cancer</keyword>
  <keyword>Chemotherapy</keyword>
  <keyword>Verbal Memory</keyword>
  <keyword>Processing Speed</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Breast Neoplasms</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Memory Disorders</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Cognition Disorders</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Cognitive Dysfunction</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03017560
org study id: STU00200767
nct id: NCT03017560
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
The primary purpose of this study is to test the effects of a targeted, computerized
      cognitive training program on verbal memory in older women who have undergone chemotherapy
      treatment for early-stage breast cancer. As measured by neuropsychological assessment, this
      treatment will result in improved verbal memory. Secondarily, processing speed and naming
      abilities are expected to improve. Enhanced self-perception of cognitive ability is also
      expected.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Verbal Memory
time frame: Change in Verbal Memory scores from Pretreatment/Baseline to Posttreatment/6 weeks, from Posttreatment/6 weeks to 1 month followup/10 weeks, and from Pretreatment/Baseline to 1 month followup/10 weeks.
description: Immediate and delayed verbal memory
measure: Processing Speed measured via Lexical Decision Task
time frame: Change in Processing Speed scores from Pretreatment/Baseline to Posttreatment/6 weeks, from Posttreatment/6 weeks to 1 month followup/10 weeks, and from Pretreatment/Baseline to 1 month followup/10 weeks
description: The Lexical Decision Task is a computerized task that measures processing speed by calculating reaction times to verb and non-verb stimuli. Outcome is measured by reaction time in milliseconds.
measure: Processing Speed measured via Stroop Color-Word Test
time frame: Change in Processing Speed scores from Pretreatment/Baseline to Posttreatment/6 weeks, from Posttreatment/6 weeks to 1 month followup/10 weeks, and from Pretreatment/Baseline to 1 month followup/10 weeks
description: The Stroop Color-Word task is a paper and pencil task that measures processing speed by assessing correct number of words read, correct number of color names read, and correct number of color-word interference pairs (i.e., names of colors printed in non-matching ink colors) read in 45 seconds. Outcomes are measured in raw scores and associated T-scores referenced against sex+age normative groups. The Stroop Color-Word Test scores will not be aggregated with the Lexical Decision Task scores.
measure: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognition
time frame: Pre-treatment/Baseline, Post-treatment/6 weeks, 1 month followup/10 weeks
description: Self-perception of cognitive ability
measure: Treatment satisfaction survey
time frame: Pre-treatment/Baseline, Post-treatment/6 weeks, 1 month followup/10 weeks
arm group label: Computerized cognitive treatment
arm group type: Experimental
description: Chosen exercises from the rehabilitation package of a commercially available, computerized, cognitive training program called Happy Neuron Pro will be used. This program was designed by a team of neurologists, neuropsychologists and cognitive psychologists, and has been successfully adapted for varying conditions of cognitive dysfunction.
arm group label: Wait list control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: Participants assigned to the wait list control arm will receive no treatment while the experimental arm is participating in the computerized treatment. However, the computerized treatment program will be made available for these participants to utilize at the end of the study period.
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Computerized cognitive treatment
description: Participants will engage in auditory and verbal memory exercises intended to improve verbal memory functioning. The exercises are: Elephant Memory, Words where are you?, Split words, Bird Songs, Sound check, and You've got voicemail. Participants will complete the exercises 1 hour per day, 6 days per week, for 6 weeks. The program automatically adjusts difficulty level according to individual performance. The program captures and reports all relevant data to the primary investigator, including accuracy and reaction time (speed), which will be used to measure progress.
arm group label: Computerized cognitive treatment
criteria: 
gender: Female
minimum age: 65 Years
maximum age: 90 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Diane F Morean, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Northwestern University
citation: American Cancer Society (2014). Cancer prevalence: How many people have cancer? Retrieved March 24, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/cancer-prevalence.
citation: McKoy JM, Samaras AT, Bennett CL. Providing cancer care to a graying and diverse cancer population in the 21st century: are we prepared? J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 10;27(17):2745-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.4352. Epub 2009 Apr 29. No abstract available.
PMID: 19403884
citation: Smith BD, Smith GL, Hurria A, Hortobagyi GN, Buchholz TA. Future of cancer incidence in the United States: burdens upon an aging, changing nation. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 10;27(17):2758-65. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.8983. Epub 2009 Apr 29.
PMID: 19403886
citation: Von Ah D, Carpenter JS, Saykin A, Monahan P, Wu J, Yu M, Rebok G, Ball K, Schneider B, Weaver M, Tallman E, Unverzagt F. Advanced cognitive training for breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Oct;135(3):799-809. doi: 10.1007/s10549-012-2210-6. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
PMID: 22918524
citation: Poppelreuter M, Weis J, Bartsch HH. Effects of specific neuropsychological training programs for breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2009;27(2):274-96. doi: 10.1080/07347330902776044.
PMID: 19337933
citation: Kesler S, Hadi Hosseini SM, Heckler C, Janelsins M, Palesh O, Mustian K, Morrow G. Cognitive training for improving executive function in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer survivors. Clin Breast Cancer. 2013 Aug;13(4):299-306. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2013.02.004. Epub 2013 May 4.
PMID: 23647804
citation: Ercoli LM, Castellon SA, Hunter AM, Kwan L, Kahn-Mills BA, Cernin PA, Leuchter AF, Ganz PA. Assessment of the feasibility of a rehabilitation intervention program for breast cancer survivors with cognitive complaints. Brain Imaging Behav. 2013 Dec;7(4):543-53. doi: 10.1007/s11682-013-9237-0.
PMID: 23955490
citation: Ferguson RJ, Ahles TA, Saykin AJ, McDonald BC, Furstenberg CT, Cole BF, Mott LA. Cognitive-behavioral management of chemotherapy-related cognitive change. Psychooncology. 2007 Aug;16(8):772-7. doi: 10.1002/pon.1133.
PMID: 17152119
citation: Ferguson RJ, McDonald BC, Rocque MA, Furstenberg CT, Horrigan S, Ahles TA, Saykin AJ. Development of CBT for chemotherapy-related cognitive change: results of a waitlist control trial. Psychooncology. 2012 Feb;21(2):176-86. doi: 10.1002/pon.1878. Epub 2010 Dec 2.
PMID: 22271538
citation: Lange M, Rigal O, Clarisse B, Giffard B, Sevin E, Barillet M, Eustache F, Joly F. Cognitive dysfunctions in elderly cancer patients: a new challenge for oncologists. Cancer Treat Rev. 2014 Jul;40(6):810-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.03.003. Epub 2014 Mar 20.
PMID: 24713425
citation: Jenkins V, Shilling V, Fallowfield L, Howell A, Hutton S. Does hormone therapy for the treatment of breast cancer have a detrimental effect on memory and cognition? A pilot study. Psychooncology. 2004 Jan;13(1):61-6. doi: 10.1002/pon.709.
PMID: 14745746
citation: McKoy JM, Burhenn PS, Browner IS, Loeser KL, Tulas KM, Oden MR, Rupper RW. Assessing cognitive function and capacity in older adults with cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2014 Jan;12(1):138-44. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2014.0011.
PMID: 24453297
citation: Kueider AM, Parisi JM, Gross AL, Rebok GW. Computerized cognitive training with older adults: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40588. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040588. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
PMID: 22792378
citation: Maseda A, Millan-Calenti JC, Lorenzo-Lopez L, Nunez-Naveira L. Efficacy of a computerized cognitive training application for older adults with and without memory impairments. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2013 Aug;25(4):411-9. doi: 10.1007/s40520-013-0070-5. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
PMID: 23780693
citation: Gunther VK, Schafer P, Holzner BJ, Kemmler GW. Long-term improvements in cognitive performance through computer-assisted cognitive training: a pilot study in a residential home for older people. Aging Ment Health. 2003 May;7(3):200-6. doi: 10.1080/1360786031000101175.
PMID: 12775401
citation: Smith, A. (2014). Older adults and technology use. Pew Research Center. Retrieved on March 24, 2015 from http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/04/03/older-adults-and-technology-use/.
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Breast Neoplasms
mesh term: Memory Disorders
mesh term: Cognition Disorders
mesh term: Cognitive Dysfunction
sharing ipd: No