<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03000153</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>PSYC 16/ 251</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03000153</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Effectiveness of Tracking Goals in Counselling</brief_title>
  <acronym>Goals in MIND</acronym>
  <official_title>Goals in Mind: A Randomised Controlled Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Tracking Goals in Counselling</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of Roehampton</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>MIND Tower Hamlets</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Roehampton</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Recent evidence suggests that focusing on positive goals rather than problems to avoid, may&#xD;
      be associated with better psychological health and attainment of goals. In addition, the&#xD;
      advantages of using personalised measures have been highlighted in a number of studies. The&#xD;
      Goals Form is a new measure that comprises both elements. It invites clients, in&#xD;
      collaboration with their therapist, to identify up to seven goals for therapy typically at a&#xD;
      first assessment session and then to rate them on a 1-7 Likert scale, with 1 being not at all&#xD;
      achieved and 7 being completely achieved. This research is important for clinical practice as&#xD;
      it provides the foundations to identify what might be a helpful factor in counselling and&#xD;
      psychotherapy.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The aim of the study is to test whether the use of the Goals Form leads to better clinical&#xD;
      outcomes in counselling and psychotherapy. Participants in this study are counsellors and&#xD;
      service users at Tower Hamlets Mind. The design of this study is a trial, which looks at&#xD;
      comparing outcome measure scores in 'therapy as usual' and 'therapy using the Goals Form'&#xD;
      when participants are randomly assigned to one of the two conditions. Interventions in this&#xD;
      study involve using the Goals Form at the start of every session and taking part in a 30&#xD;
      minute interview once therapy has ended to give feedback about using the form in therapy . In&#xD;
      addition to assessing outcome, the study also serves to compare satisfaction scores across&#xD;
      the two conditions. It is a pilot to determine the feasibility of such trial including&#xD;
      recruitment rates over a period of a year, adherence of counsellors and clients to the&#xD;
      protocol, and the ethical issues raised.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      In recent years, there has been a rapid rise in the use of outcome and feedback measures in&#xD;
      the counselling and psychotherapy field. In part, this is because evidence suggests that the&#xD;
      systematic collection and integration of client feedback improves outcome across client&#xD;
      populations, professional discipline, and model used. In a meta-analysis of five trials&#xD;
      comparing use of a routine feedback protocol with treatment as usual (TAU) for adults&#xD;
      receiving individual psychotherapy, there were significant gains for feedback groups over&#xD;
      TAU, especially for clients identified as at risk for premature dropout or negative outcomes&#xD;
      (Lambert, 2010). In a review of studies using the Partners for Change Outcome Monitoring&#xD;
      system, clients using brief outcome measures at each session were 3.5 times more likely to&#xD;
      experience reliable change and had half the odds of deterioration than those in TAU (Duncan,&#xD;
      2010, 2011; Lambert &amp; Shimokawa, 2011; Murphy &amp; Duncan, 2010). Currently, three randomized,&#xD;
      controlled trials indicate improved outcomes using this system (Anker, Duncan, &amp; Sparks,&#xD;
      2009; Reese, Norsworthy, &amp; Rowlands, 2009; Reese, Toland, Slone, &amp; Norsworthy, 2010). Based&#xD;
      on the overall strength of current evidence, Lambert and Shimokawa (2011, p. 72) recommended&#xD;
      that 'clinicians seriously consider making formal methods of collecting client feedback a&#xD;
      routine part of their daily practice'.&#xD;
&#xD;
      At present, most psychological measurement is conducted using nomothetic scales. These are&#xD;
      based on questions chosen by professional experts and consisting of checklists of symptoms&#xD;
      (e.g., CORE-OM, PHQ-9). These questions are selected to be acceptable to large populations.&#xD;
      However, given the diversity of problems presenting to mental health care services, a more&#xD;
      personalised approach to psychological measurement might seem appropriate. Such an approach&#xD;
      would shift the emphasis of measurement away from predefined, professionally-driven criteria,&#xD;
      replacing it with a focus on those criteria given importance by the individual client.&#xD;
      Individualised measures are questionnaires that include questions which can be generated by&#xD;
      clients alone or in collaboration with the practitioner. This results in clients creating&#xD;
      their own tailor-made questionnaire which only contains items that have meaning for them.&#xD;
      Items are rated for intensity in a similar procedure to that of standardised measures.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The advantages of using individualised measures have been highlighted in a number of studies&#xD;
      (e.g., Ashworth et al., 2005). Client-generated measures are evidenced to be user-friendly as&#xD;
      individuals themselves identify areas of personal concern. Clinical improvement therefore, is&#xD;
      evaluated according to topics of relevance to the individuals concerned. Research indicates&#xD;
      that the fact that people themselves identify their own personal problems or goals which are&#xD;
      meaningful to them and which reflect their individual needs, leads to more engagement in&#xD;
      therapy (Turner-Stokes, 2011). Also, individualised measures are flexible and take into&#xD;
      account the client's idiosyncratic variables such as personality, socioeconomic status and&#xD;
      cultural background (Sales &amp; Alves, 2012).&#xD;
&#xD;
      However, to date, the most commonly used personalised measures, such as the Personal&#xD;
      Questionnaire (Elliott et al., 2015) and the PSYCHLOPS (Ashworth et al., 2005), focus on&#xD;
      clients' difficulties rather than their goals. Research suggests that this may be&#xD;
      problematic: there is evidence to suggest that focusing on positive goals to approach, rather&#xD;
      than negative problems to avoid, may be associated with better psychological health and&#xD;
      attainment of goals (Elliot &amp; Church, 2002; Elliot &amp; Friedman, 2007).&#xD;
&#xD;
      Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the benefits, to both the process and outcomes of&#xD;
      therapy, of using a personalised goal form: the Goals Form. The Goals Form (Appendix 2.1) is&#xD;
      an individualised outcome measure used to assess attainment of personal objectives for&#xD;
      therapy. It was used as part of an initial open-label trial of pluralistic therapy (Cooper et&#xD;
      al., 2015), and invites clients, in collaboration with their therapist, to identify up to&#xD;
      seven goals for therapy typically at a first assessment session and then to rate them on a 1&#xD;
      7 Likert scale, with 1 being not at all achieved and 7 being completely achieved (Cooper,&#xD;
      2014). The agreed goals are then typed onto a digital copy of the form and printed off, such&#xD;
      that the client is able to rate the same goals at regular intervals, ideally every session.&#xD;
      Over the course of therapy, clients may choose to delete, add or modify goals, and the&#xD;
      electronic copy of the Goals Form is revised accordingly. The Goals Form has shown&#xD;
      satisfactory levels of internal reliability, and convergent validity against CORE-10, GAD-7&#xD;
      and PHQ-9. It is also sensitive to change in clinical populations (Cooper, 2014; Michael,&#xD;
      Cooper, &amp; Fugard, 2015).&#xD;
&#xD;
      In terms of user acceptability, clients' gave the Goals Form a mean rating of 4.2 on a&#xD;
      5-point helpfulness scale (SD = 1.2, n = 17), with a median and modal rating of 5 (very&#xD;
      helpful). Ten of the 17 respondents (58.8%) gave it this highest rating. By contrast, the&#xD;
      mean rating of the PHQ-9 was 3.7 (SD = 1.0, n = 17), with a median and modal rating of 4&#xD;
      (helpful). Intro to change interview (Cooper et al., 2015). In terms of why the Goals Form&#xD;
      was helpful, five interviewees in Cooper et al.'s (2015) study said that it gave them a sense&#xD;
      of progress, both from session to session and over the course of therapy. Interviewee 1, for&#xD;
      instance, said: 'It kind of gave me a barometer on what I was doing'. Five of the&#xD;
      participants said that it gave focus and structure to the therapy, reminding them of what&#xD;
      they had come to work on and 'where you want to be at the end' (Interviewee 10). Interviewee&#xD;
      6, for instance, said: 'I'm a very scatty mind…because I was very depressed I couldn't&#xD;
      concentrate and then it's helpful to have something in black and white on paper because then&#xD;
      you knew this is what you were working at.' Two of the interviewees said the Goals Form was&#xD;
      helpful because it encouraged them to reflect on how they had gone about achieving their&#xD;
      objectives, and one said that they had felt challenged by it. In terms of negative aspects of&#xD;
      the Goals Form, two participants said that they did not feel that they were good at naming&#xD;
      goals, particular at the start of their therapy. Two of the interviewees said that they had&#xD;
      been confused by the constant changes in goals, and one said that they felt the form needed&#xD;
      to be explained more clearly.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aims:&#xD;
&#xD;
      The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of identifying and monitoring goals in&#xD;
      therapy on clinical outcomes.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Hypothesis:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Client allocated to a goals-oriented condition will show significantly greater clinical&#xD;
      improvement than clients in a standard counselling condition.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Procedure:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Clients will be allocated to counsellors as per standard clinic protocols. Clients allocated&#xD;
      to the experimental condition will be asked to complete a Goals Form at the start of every&#xD;
      session. This may then form the basis for the evolving clinical dialogue.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Clients allocated to the control condition will begin each session as they would normally do.&#xD;
&#xD;
      At the start of each session, clients in both conditions will be asked to complete the&#xD;
      CORE-10.&#xD;
&#xD;
      At the end of therapy, all participants will fill a service satisfaction survey.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Participants in the experimental arm will also take a short quantitative questionnaire to&#xD;
      assess the helpfulness of the CORE-10 and the Goals Form.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In addition, a random selection of participants in the experimental arm of the study will be&#xD;
      invited back to meet with a researcher to participate in a Qualitative Interview. This will&#xD;
      focus on their experience of using the Goals Form, and the ways in which it may, or may not,&#xD;
      have been helpful in their therapeutic work.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Terminated</overall_status>
  <why_stopped>
    Organisational changes at site meant that recruitment was no longer feasible.&#xD;
  </why_stopped>
  <start_date type="Actual">October 19, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">July 1, 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">July 1, 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Investigator)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>CORE-10</measure>
    <time_frame>5 minutes</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Service satisfaction survey</measure>
    <time_frame>5 minutes</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">3</enrollment>
  <condition>Mental Health Impairment</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Completing the Goals Form</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>In this arm, client participants will complete the Goals Form in collaboration with their therapists at the start of every session.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>therapy as usual</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>In this arm, clients will have therapy as usual.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Completing the Goals Form</intervention_name>
    <description>The Goals Form is a personalised outcome measure where clients enter their goals in collaboration with their assessor. Goals are then rated at the start of every session and open the therapeutic dialogue.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Completing the Goals Form</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Goals Form</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  All clients referred for counselling in the service.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Service users who do not understand verbal and written communication in English&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>90 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Mick Cooper, D. Phil.</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Professor of Counselling Psychology</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Tower Hamlets Mind</name>
      <address>
        <city>London</city>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United Kingdom</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Anker MG, Duncan BL, Sparks JA. Using client feedback to improve couple therapy outcomes: a randomized clinical trial in a naturalistic setting. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Aug;77(4):693-704. doi: 10.1037/a0016062.</citation>
    <PMID>19634962</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Connell J, Barkham M, Stiles WB, Twigg E, Singleton N, Evans O, Miles JN. Distribution of CORE-OM scores in a general population, clinical cut-off points and comparison with the CIS-R. Br J Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;190:69-74. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.017657.</citation>
    <PMID>17197659</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Duncan BL, Reese RJ. The Partners for Change Outcome Management System (PCOMS) revisiting the client's frame of reference. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2015 Dec;52(4):391-401. doi: 10.1037/pst0000026.</citation>
    <PMID>26641369</PMID>
  </reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Farr, J., Di Malta, G. S., &amp; Cooper, M. (2020). Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial of Counselling in a Community Mental Health Setting: Pitfalls and Learnings. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 20, 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12262</citation>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>December 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 17, 2016</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 17, 2016</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">December 21, 2016</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>December 23, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>December 23, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">January 13, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University of Roehampton</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Mick Cooper</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Professor of Counselling Psychology</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03000153
org study id: PSYC 16/ 251
nct id: NCT03000153
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
Recent evidence suggests that focusing on positive goals rather than problems to avoid, may
      be associated with better psychological health and attainment of goals. In addition, the
      advantages of using personalised measures have been highlighted in a number of studies. The
      Goals Form is a new measure that comprises both elements. It invites clients, in
      collaboration with their therapist, to identify up to seven goals for therapy typically at a
      first assessment session and then to rate them on a 1-7 Likert scale, with 1 being not at all
      achieved and 7 being completely achieved. This research is important for clinical practice as
      it provides the foundations to identify what might be a helpful factor in counselling and
      psychotherapy.

      The aim of the study is to test whether the use of the Goals Form leads to better clinical
      outcomes in counselling and psychotherapy. Participants in this study are counsellors and
      service users at Tower Hamlets Mind. The design of this study is a trial, which looks at
      comparing outcome measure scores in 'therapy as usual' and 'therapy using the Goals Form'
      when participants are randomly assigned to one of the two conditions. Interventions in this
      study involve using the Goals Form at the start of every session and taking part in a 30
      minute interview once therapy has ended to give feedback about using the form in therapy . In
      addition to assessing outcome, the study also serves to compare satisfaction scores across
      the two conditions. It is a pilot to determine the feasibility of such trial including
      recruitment rates over a period of a year, adherence of counsellors and clients to the
      protocol, and the ethical issues raised.
In recent years, there has been a rapid rise in the use of outcome and feedback measures in
      the counselling and psychotherapy field. In part, this is because evidence suggests that the
      systematic collection and integration of client feedback improves outcome across client
      populations, professional discipline, and model used. In a meta-analysis of five trials
      comparing use of a routine feedback protocol with treatment as usual (TAU) for adults
      receiving individual psychotherapy, there were significant gains for feedback groups over
      TAU, especially for clients identified as at risk for premature dropout or negative outcomes
      (Lambert, 2010). In a review of studies using the Partners for Change Outcome Monitoring
      system, clients using brief outcome measures at each session were 3.5 times more likely to
      experience reliable change and had half the odds of deterioration than those in TAU (Duncan,
      2010, 2011; Lambert & Shimokawa, 2011; Murphy & Duncan, 2010). Currently, three randomized,
      controlled trials indicate improved outcomes using this system (Anker, Duncan, & Sparks,
      2009; Reese, Norsworthy, & Rowlands, 2009; Reese, Toland, Slone, & Norsworthy, 2010). Based
      on the overall strength of current evidence, Lambert and Shimokawa (2011, p. 72) recommended
      that 'clinicians seriously consider making formal methods of collecting client feedback a
      routine part of their daily practice'.

      At present, most psychological measurement is conducted using nomothetic scales. These are
      based on questions chosen by professional experts and consisting of checklists of symptoms
      (e.g., CORE-OM, PHQ-9). These questions are selected to be acceptable to large populations.
      However, given the diversity of problems presenting to mental health care services, a more
      personalised approach to psychological measurement might seem appropriate. Such an approach
      would shift the emphasis of measurement away from predefined, professionally-driven criteria,
      replacing it with a focus on those criteria given importance by the individual client.
      Individualised measures are questionnaires that include questions which can be generated by
      clients alone or in collaboration with the practitioner. This results in clients creating
      their own tailor-made questionnaire which only contains items that have meaning for them.
      Items are rated for intensity in a similar procedure to that of standardised measures.

      The advantages of using individualised measures have been highlighted in a number of studies
      (e.g., Ashworth et al., 2005). Client-generated measures are evidenced to be user-friendly as
      individuals themselves identify areas of personal concern. Clinical improvement therefore, is
      evaluated according to topics of relevance to the individuals concerned. Research indicates
      that the fact that people themselves identify their own personal problems or goals which are
      meaningful to them and which reflect their individual needs, leads to more engagement in
      therapy (Turner-Stokes, 2011). Also, individualised measures are flexible and take into
      account the client's idiosyncratic variables such as personality, socioeconomic status and
      cultural background (Sales & Alves, 2012).

      However, to date, the most commonly used personalised measures, such as the Personal
      Questionnaire (Elliott et al., 2015) and the PSYCHLOPS (Ashworth et al., 2005), focus on
      clients' difficulties rather than their goals. Research suggests that this may be
      problematic: there is evidence to suggest that focusing on positive goals to approach, rather
      than negative problems to avoid, may be associated with better psychological health and
      attainment of goals (Elliot & Church, 2002; Elliot & Friedman, 2007).

      Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the benefits, to both the process and outcomes of
      therapy, of using a personalised goal form: the Goals Form. The Goals Form (Appendix 2.1) is
      an individualised outcome measure used to assess attainment of personal objectives for
      therapy. It was used as part of an initial open-label trial of pluralistic therapy (Cooper et
      al., 2015), and invites clients, in collaboration with their therapist, to identify up to
      seven goals for therapy typically at a first assessment session and then to rate them on a 1
      7 Likert scale, with 1 being not at all achieved and 7 being completely achieved (Cooper,
      2014). The agreed goals are then typed onto a digital copy of the form and printed off, such
      that the client is able to rate the same goals at regular intervals, ideally every session.
      Over the course of therapy, clients may choose to delete, add or modify goals, and the
      electronic copy of the Goals Form is revised accordingly. The Goals Form has shown
      satisfactory levels of internal reliability, and convergent validity against CORE-10, GAD-7
      and PHQ-9. It is also sensitive to change in clinical populations (Cooper, 2014; Michael,
      Cooper, & Fugard, 2015).

      In terms of user acceptability, clients' gave the Goals Form a mean rating of 4.2 on a
      5-point helpfulness scale (SD = 1.2, n = 17), with a median and modal rating of 5 (very
      helpful). Ten of the 17 respondents (58.8%) gave it this highest rating. By contrast, the
      mean rating of the PHQ-9 was 3.7 (SD = 1.0, n = 17), with a median and modal rating of 4
      (helpful). Intro to change interview (Cooper et al., 2015). In terms of why the Goals Form
      was helpful, five interviewees in Cooper et al.'s (2015) study said that it gave them a sense
      of progress, both from session to session and over the course of therapy. Interviewee 1, for
      instance, said: 'It kind of gave me a barometer on what I was doing'. Five of the
      participants said that it gave focus and structure to the therapy, reminding them of what
      they had come to work on and 'where you want to be at the end' (Interviewee 10). Interviewee
      6, for instance, said: 'I'm a very scatty mind…because I was very depressed I couldn't
      concentrate and then it's helpful to have something in black and white on paper because then
      you knew this is what you were working at.' Two of the interviewees said the Goals Form was
      helpful because it encouraged them to reflect on how they had gone about achieving their
      objectives, and one said that they had felt challenged by it. In terms of negative aspects of
      the Goals Form, two participants said that they did not feel that they were good at naming
      goals, particular at the start of their therapy. Two of the interviewees said that they had
      been confused by the constant changes in goals, and one said that they felt the form needed
      to be explained more clearly.

      Aims:

      The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of identifying and monitoring goals in
      therapy on clinical outcomes.

      Hypothesis:

      Client allocated to a goals-oriented condition will show significantly greater clinical
      improvement than clients in a standard counselling condition.

      Procedure:

      Clients will be allocated to counsellors as per standard clinic protocols. Clients allocated
      to the experimental condition will be asked to complete a Goals Form at the start of every
      session. This may then form the basis for the evolving clinical dialogue.

      Clients allocated to the control condition will begin each session as they would normally do.

      At the start of each session, clients in both conditions will be asked to complete the
      CORE-10.

      At the end of therapy, all participants will fill a service satisfaction survey.

      Participants in the experimental arm will also take a short quantitative questionnaire to
      assess the helpfulness of the CORE-10 and the Goals Form.

      In addition, a random selection of participants in the experimental arm of the study will be
      invited back to meet with a researcher to participate in a Qualitative Interview. This will
      focus on their experience of using the Goals Form, and the ways in which it may, or may not,
      have been helpful in their therapeutic work.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Investigator)
measure: CORE-10
time frame: 5 minutes
measure: Service satisfaction survey
time frame: 5 minutes
arm group label: Completing the Goals Form
arm group type: Experimental
description: In this arm, client participants will complete the Goals Form in collaboration with their therapists at the start of every session.
arm group label: therapy as usual
arm group type: No Intervention
description: In this arm, clients will have therapy as usual.
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Completing the Goals Form
description: The Goals Form is a personalised outcome measure where clients enter their goals in collaboration with their assessor. Goals are then rated at the start of every session and open the therapeutic dialogue.
arm group label: Completing the Goals Form
other name: Goals Form
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 90 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Mick Cooper, D. Phil.
role: Study Director
affiliation: Professor of Counselling Psychology
facility: 
country: United Kingdom
citation: Anker MG, Duncan BL, Sparks JA. Using client feedback to improve couple therapy outcomes: a randomized clinical trial in a naturalistic setting. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009 Aug;77(4):693-704. doi: 10.1037/a0016062.
PMID: 19634962
citation: Connell J, Barkham M, Stiles WB, Twigg E, Singleton N, Evans O, Miles JN. Distribution of CORE-OM scores in a general population, clinical cut-off points and comparison with the CIS-R. Br J Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;190:69-74. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.017657.
PMID: 17197659
citation: Duncan BL, Reese RJ. The Partners for Change Outcome Management System (PCOMS) revisiting the client's frame of reference. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2015 Dec;52(4):391-401. doi: 10.1037/pst0000026.
PMID: 26641369
citation: Farr, J., Di Malta, G. S., & Cooper, M. (2020). Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial of Counselling in a Community Mental Health Setting: Pitfalls and Learnings. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 20, 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12262
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: University of Roehampton
investigator full name: Mick Cooper
investigator title: Professor of Counselling Psychology
sharing ipd: No