<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02992548</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>prava_2016</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02992548</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Effect of Pravastatin on Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acid Contents in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease</brief_title>
  <official_title>Effect of Pravastatin on Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acid Contents in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Dong-A University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Dong-A University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Treatment using statin has been decreased the risk of cardiovascular events in pre-dialysis&#xD;
      CKD population. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid (FA) lowers the risk of&#xD;
      cardiovascular death in patients with myocardial infarction. This cardioprotective effect of&#xD;
      omega-3 FA can be explained by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, or anti-thrombotic effects.&#xD;
      Statin such as pravastatin is also known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant&#xD;
      properties, suggesting that statin may replace the cardioprotective effect of omega-3 fatty&#xD;
      acids. Erythrocyte membrane oleic acid is significantly higher in patients with acute&#xD;
      coronary syndrome than control subjects. The cardioprotective effect of omega-3 FA may also&#xD;
      be related to decreased oleic acid content of erythrocyte membrane. There is no report about&#xD;
      the effect of statin on FA including erythrocyte membrane oleic acid. As omega-3 FAs are&#xD;
      recognized as therapeutic agents for reducing triglycerides, statin may affect on the&#xD;
      erythrocyte membrane FA. Therefore, pravastatin supplementation can modify erythrocyte&#xD;
      membrane FA contents including oleic acid in CKD patients.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have higher risk of death and cardiovascular&#xD;
      disease than general population. Treatment using statin has been decreased the risk of&#xD;
      cardiovascular events in pre-dialysis CKD population. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid&#xD;
      (FA) lowers the risk of cardiovascular death in patients with myocardial infarction. This&#xD;
      cardioprotective effect of omega-3 FA can be explained by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative,&#xD;
      or anti-thrombotic effects. Statin such as pravastatin is also known to have&#xD;
      anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting that statin may replace the&#xD;
      cardioprotective effect of omega-3 fatty acids.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Omega-3 FA such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), and&#xD;
      EPA/arachidonic acid ratio are well known as key indicators of cardiovascular disease. In&#xD;
      addition, erythrocyte membrane oleic acid is significantly higher in patients with acute&#xD;
      coronary syndrome than control subjects. The cardioprotective effect of omega-3 FA may also&#xD;
      be related to decreased oleic acid content of erythrocyte membrane. There is no report about&#xD;
      the effect of statin on FA including erythrocyte membrane oleic acid. As omega-3 FAs are&#xD;
      recognized as therapeutic agents for reducing triglycerides, statin may affect on the&#xD;
      erythrocyte membrane FA. Therefore, pravastatin supplementation can modify erythrocyte&#xD;
      membrane FA contents including oleic acid in CKD patients.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date>September 2015</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">December 31, 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 31, 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>Phase 4</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>N/A</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Single Group Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>mean change of erythrocyte membrane fatty acid including oleic acid</measure>
    <time_frame>24 weeks after intervention</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>mean change of total cholesterol</measure>
    <time_frame>24 weeks after intervention</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>mean change of triglyceride</measure>
    <time_frame>24 weeks after intervention</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>mean change of LDL-cholesterol</measure>
    <time_frame>24 weeks after intervention</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>mean change of HDL-cholesterol</measure>
    <time_frame>24 weeks after intervention</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>mean change of adiponectin</measure>
    <time_frame>24 weeks after intervention</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>1</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">62</enrollment>
  <condition>Chronic Kidney Disease</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>pravastatin group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Use of pravastatin 20mg to 40mg</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Pravastatin</intervention_name>
    <arm_group_label>pravastatin group</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  CKD patients who agreed with written informed consent&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  CKD patients who do not take statin&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Who have LDL cholesterol over 100mg/dL and coronary vascular disease(CVD) or&#xD;
             equivalent risk; Who have LDL cholesterol over 130mg/dL and two or more coronary&#xD;
             vascular risk; Whose LDL cholesterol over 160mg/dL in patient with CKD stage 1 to 5&#xD;
             without dialysis.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patients with acute illness, a history of active infection, CVD, acute kidney injury&#xD;
             during the past 3 months, or a history of malignancy or liver disease&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patients using statin, omega-3 fatty acid or sevelamer hydrochloride within 3 months&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patients who experienced side effects by statin treatment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnant or pregnancy expected CKD patients&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patient with dyslipidemia due to nephrotic syndrome&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patient taken imaging study using contrast media during the past 14 days&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Patient with albumin level &lt; 3.0 g/dL&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>20 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>80 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Won Suk An, MD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Dong-A University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Yeong Hoon Kim, MD</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Inje University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Dong-A University</name>
      <address>
        <city>Busan</city>
        <zip>602715</zip>
        <country>Korea, Republic of</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Inje University, Pusan Paik Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Busan</city>
        <country>Korea, Republic of</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Korea, Republic of</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tonelli M, Muntner P, Lloyd A, Manns B, Klarenbach S, Pannu N, James M, Hemmelgarn B; Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Association between LDL-C and risk of myocardial infarction in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 May;24(6):979-86. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012080870. Epub 2013 May 16.</citation>
    <PMID>23687359</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Tonelli M, Muntner P, Lloyd A, Manns BJ, Klarenbach S, Pannu N, James MT, Hemmelgarn BR; Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Risk of coronary events in people with chronic kidney disease compared with those with diabetes: a population-level cohort study. Lancet. 2012 Sep 1;380(9844):807-14. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60572-8. Epub 2012 Jun 19.</citation>
    <PMID>22717317</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Stenvinkel P, Heimburger O, Paultre F, Diczfalusy U, Wang T, Berglund L, Jogestrand T. Strong association between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int. 1999 May;55(5):1899-911. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00422.x.</citation>
    <PMID>10231453</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Baigent C, Landray MJ, Reith C, Emberson J, Wheeler DC, Tomson C, Wanner C, Krane V, Cass A, Craig J, Neal B, Jiang L, Hooi LS, Levin A, Agodoa L, Gaziano M, Kasiske B, Walker R, Massy ZA, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Krairittichai U, Ophascharoensuk V, Fellstrom B, Holdaas H, Tesar V, Wiecek A, Grobbee D, de Zeeuw D, Gronhagen-Riska C, Dasgupta T, Lewis D, Herrington W, Mafham M, Majoni W, Wallendszus K, Grimm R, Pedersen T, Tobert J, Armitage J, Baxter A, Bray C, Chen Y, Chen Z, Hill M, Knott C, Parish S, Simpson D, Sleight P, Young A, Collins R; SHARP Investigators. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 Jun 25;377(9784):2181-92. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60739-3. Epub 2011 Jun 12.</citation>
    <PMID>21663949</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wanner C, Tonelli M; Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Guideline Development Work Group Members. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Lipid Management in CKD: summary of recommendation statements and clinical approach to the patient. Kidney Int. 2014 Jun;85(6):1303-9. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.31. Epub 2014 Feb 19.</citation>
    <PMID>24552851</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>AIM-HIGH Investigators; Boden WE, Probstfield JL, Anderson T, Chaitman BR, Desvignes-Nickens P, Koprowicz K, McBride R, Teo K, Weintraub W. Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 15;365(24):2255-67. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1107579. Epub 2011 Nov 15. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 12;367(2):189.</citation>
    <PMID>22085343</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ridker PM, Pradhan A, MacFadyen JG, Libby P, Glynn RJ. Cardiovascular benefits and diabetes risks of statin therapy in primary prevention: an analysis from the JUPITER trial. Lancet. 2012 Aug 11;380(9841):565-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61190-8.</citation>
    <PMID>22883507</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Leaf A, Kang JX, Xiao YF, Billman GE. Clinical prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mechanism of prevention of arrhythmias by n-3 fish oils. Circulation. 2003 Jun 3;107(21):2646-52. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000069566.78305.33. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>12782616</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Harris WS, Von Schacky C. The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease? Prev Med. 2004 Jul;39(1):212-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.030.</citation>
    <PMID>15208005</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Block RC, Harris WS, Reid KJ, Spertus JA. Omega-6 and trans fatty acids in blood cell membranes: a risk factor for acute coronary syndromes? Am Heart J. 2008 Dec;156(6):1117-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.07.014. Epub 2008 Oct 14.</citation>
    <PMID>19033007</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>An WS, Kim SE, Kim KH, Lee S, Park Y, Kim HJ, Vaziri ND. Comparison of fatty acid contents of erythrocyte membrane in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2009 Jul;19(4):267-74. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2009.01.027.</citation>
    <PMID>19539181</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>An WS, Lee SM, Son YK, Kim SE, Kim KH, Han JY, Bae HR, Rha SH, Park Y. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and fetuin-A levels in dialysis patients. Nutr Res. 2012 Jul;32(7):495-502. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.06.005. Epub 2012 Jul 20.</citation>
    <PMID>22901557</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>March 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 10, 2016</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 10, 2016</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">December 14, 2016</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>March 8, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>March 8, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">March 11, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Dong-A University</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>WON SUK AN</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>chronic kidney disease</keyword>
  <keyword>pravastatin</keyword>
  <keyword>erythrocyte membrane fatty acid</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Kidney Diseases</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Pravastatin</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02992548
org study id: prava_2016
nct id: NCT02992548
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
Treatment using statin has been decreased the risk of cardiovascular events in pre-dialysis
      CKD population. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid (FA) lowers the risk of
      cardiovascular death in patients with myocardial infarction. This cardioprotective effect of
      omega-3 FA can be explained by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, or anti-thrombotic effects.
      Statin such as pravastatin is also known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
      properties, suggesting that statin may replace the cardioprotective effect of omega-3 fatty
      acids. Erythrocyte membrane oleic acid is significantly higher in patients with acute
      coronary syndrome than control subjects. The cardioprotective effect of omega-3 FA may also
      be related to decreased oleic acid content of erythrocyte membrane. There is no report about
      the effect of statin on FA including erythrocyte membrane oleic acid. As omega-3 FAs are
      recognized as therapeutic agents for reducing triglycerides, statin may affect on the
      erythrocyte membrane FA. Therefore, pravastatin supplementation can modify erythrocyte
      membrane FA contents including oleic acid in CKD patients.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have higher risk of death and cardiovascular
      disease than general population. Treatment using statin has been decreased the risk of
      cardiovascular events in pre-dialysis CKD population. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid
      (FA) lowers the risk of cardiovascular death in patients with myocardial infarction. This
      cardioprotective effect of omega-3 FA can be explained by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative,
      or anti-thrombotic effects. Statin such as pravastatin is also known to have
      anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting that statin may replace the
      cardioprotective effect of omega-3 fatty acids.

      Omega-3 FA such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), and
      EPA/arachidonic acid ratio are well known as key indicators of cardiovascular disease. In
      addition, erythrocyte membrane oleic acid is significantly higher in patients with acute
      coronary syndrome than control subjects. The cardioprotective effect of omega-3 FA may also
      be related to decreased oleic acid content of erythrocyte membrane. There is no report about
      the effect of statin on FA including erythrocyte membrane oleic acid. As omega-3 FAs are
      recognized as therapeutic agents for reducing triglycerides, statin may affect on the
      erythrocyte membrane FA. Therefore, pravastatin supplementation can modify erythrocyte
      membrane FA contents including oleic acid in CKD patients.
allocation: N/A
intervention model: Single Group Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: mean change of erythrocyte membrane fatty acid including oleic acid
time frame: 24 weeks after intervention
measure: mean change of total cholesterol
time frame: 24 weeks after intervention
measure: mean change of triglyceride
time frame: 24 weeks after intervention
measure: mean change of LDL-cholesterol
time frame: 24 weeks after intervention
measure: mean change of HDL-cholesterol
time frame: 24 weeks after intervention
measure: mean change of adiponectin
time frame: 24 weeks after intervention
arm group label: pravastatin group
arm group type: Experimental
description: Use of pravastatin 20mg to 40mg
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Pravastatin
arm group label: pravastatin group
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 20 Years
maximum age: 80 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Won Suk An, MD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Dong-A University
last name: Yeong Hoon Kim, MD
role: Study Director
affiliation: Inje University
facility: 
facility: 
country: Korea, Republic of
citation: Tonelli M, Muntner P, Lloyd A, Manns B, Klarenbach S, Pannu N, James M, Hemmelgarn B; Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Association between LDL-C and risk of myocardial infarction in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 May;24(6):979-86. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012080870. Epub 2013 May 16.
PMID: 23687359
citation: Tonelli M, Muntner P, Lloyd A, Manns BJ, Klarenbach S, Pannu N, James MT, Hemmelgarn BR; Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Risk of coronary events in people with chronic kidney disease compared with those with diabetes: a population-level cohort study. Lancet. 2012 Sep 1;380(9844):807-14. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60572-8. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
PMID: 22717317
citation: Stenvinkel P, Heimburger O, Paultre F, Diczfalusy U, Wang T, Berglund L, Jogestrand T. Strong association between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int. 1999 May;55(5):1899-911. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00422.x.
PMID: 10231453
citation: Baigent C, Landray MJ, Reith C, Emberson J, Wheeler DC, Tomson C, Wanner C, Krane V, Cass A, Craig J, Neal B, Jiang L, Hooi LS, Levin A, Agodoa L, Gaziano M, Kasiske B, Walker R, Massy ZA, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Krairittichai U, Ophascharoensuk V, Fellstrom B, Holdaas H, Tesar V, Wiecek A, Grobbee D, de Zeeuw D, Gronhagen-Riska C, Dasgupta T, Lewis D, Herrington W, Mafham M, Majoni W, Wallendszus K, Grimm R, Pedersen T, Tobert J, Armitage J, Baxter A, Bray C, Chen Y, Chen Z, Hill M, Knott C, Parish S, Simpson D, Sleight P, Young A, Collins R; SHARP Investigators. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 Jun 25;377(9784):2181-92. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60739-3. Epub 2011 Jun 12.
PMID: 21663949
citation: Wanner C, Tonelli M; Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Guideline Development Work Group Members. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Lipid Management in CKD: summary of recommendation statements and clinical approach to the patient. Kidney Int. 2014 Jun;85(6):1303-9. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.31. Epub 2014 Feb 19.
PMID: 24552851
citation: AIM-HIGH Investigators; Boden WE, Probstfield JL, Anderson T, Chaitman BR, Desvignes-Nickens P, Koprowicz K, McBride R, Teo K, Weintraub W. Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 15;365(24):2255-67. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1107579. Epub 2011 Nov 15. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 12;367(2):189.
PMID: 22085343
citation: Ridker PM, Pradhan A, MacFadyen JG, Libby P, Glynn RJ. Cardiovascular benefits and diabetes risks of statin therapy in primary prevention: an analysis from the JUPITER trial. Lancet. 2012 Aug 11;380(9841):565-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61190-8.
PMID: 22883507
citation: Leaf A, Kang JX, Xiao YF, Billman GE. Clinical prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mechanism of prevention of arrhythmias by n-3 fish oils. Circulation. 2003 Jun 3;107(21):2646-52. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000069566.78305.33. No abstract available.
PMID: 12782616
citation: Harris WS, Von Schacky C. The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease? Prev Med. 2004 Jul;39(1):212-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.030.
PMID: 15208005
citation: Block RC, Harris WS, Reid KJ, Spertus JA. Omega-6 and trans fatty acids in blood cell membranes: a risk factor for acute coronary syndromes? Am Heart J. 2008 Dec;156(6):1117-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.07.014. Epub 2008 Oct 14.
PMID: 19033007
citation: An WS, Kim SE, Kim KH, Lee S, Park Y, Kim HJ, Vaziri ND. Comparison of fatty acid contents of erythrocyte membrane in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2009 Jul;19(4):267-74. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2009.01.027.
PMID: 19539181
citation: An WS, Lee SM, Son YK, Kim SE, Kim KH, Han JY, Bae HR, Rha SH, Park Y. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and fetuin-A levels in dialysis patients. Nutr Res. 2012 Jul;32(7):495-502. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.06.005. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
PMID: 22901557
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Dong-A University
investigator full name: WON SUK AN
investigator title: Professor
mesh term: Kidney Diseases
mesh term: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
mesh term: Pravastatin
sharing ipd: Undecided