<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02983370</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>CORTIVIS16-HUM1</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02983370</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Development of a Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis for the Blind</brief_title>
  <acronym>CORTIVIS</acronym>
  <official_title>Pilot Study for the Development of a Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis for the Blind Based on Intracortical Microelectrodes</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Hospital IMED Elche</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a cortical visual prosthesis&#xD;
      based on intracortical microelectrodes to provide a limited but useful sense of vision to&#xD;
      profoundly blind. This pilot study will provide important information on safety and efficacy&#xD;
      for the development of an useful cortical visual neuroprosthesis for the blind.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Visual impairment is one of the ten most prevalent disabilities and poses extraordinary&#xD;
      challenges to individuals in our society, which is heavily dependent on sight. Drug&#xD;
      development and genetic engineering have had only marginal success as possible treatments but&#xD;
      new hope has been generated by recent advances in neuroscience, micro-fabrication&#xD;
      technologies, biomaterials, neuromorphic engineering and information and communication&#xD;
      technologies leading to the development of highly sophisticated neural prosthetic devices&#xD;
      which interact with the nervous system. Such assistive devices have already allowed thousands&#xD;
      of deaf patients to hear sounds and acquire language abilities and the same hope exists in&#xD;
      the field of visual rehabilitation.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Several research groups worldwide are engaged in attempts to restore vision through retinal&#xD;
      prosthesis. However these devices are not viable for all causes of blindness. Thus, if the&#xD;
      communication link between eye and brain is destroyed (e.g. for Glaucoma or optic nerve&#xD;
      atrophy), as is the case for 148 million people worldwide, then visual cortical prosthesis&#xD;
      holds the dominant hope for visual restoration. Consequently, there are many compelling&#xD;
      reasons to pursue the development of a cortical prosthesis capable of restoring some useful&#xD;
      vision in profoundly blind patients and this approach may be the only treatment available for&#xD;
      end-stage retinitis pigmentosa patients and for pathologies such as glaucoma optic atrophy,&#xD;
      trauma to the retina and/or optic nerves, and for diseases of the central visual pathways due&#xD;
      to brain injuries or stroke.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The investigators will implant the CORTIVIS vision neuroprosthetic system, which utilizes a&#xD;
      FDA cleared microelectrode array, into blind human volunteers and obtain descriptive feedback&#xD;
      about visualized percepts. The experiments are designed to learn if volunteers can learn to&#xD;
      integrate the electrical stimulation of brain visual areas into meaningful percepts. It is&#xD;
      expected that a cortical device can create truly meaningful visual percepts that can be&#xD;
      translated into functional gains such as the recognition, localization and grasping of&#xD;
      objects or skillful navigation in familiar an unfamiliar environments resulting in a&#xD;
      substantial improvement in the standard of living of blind and visually impaired persons.&#xD;
&#xD;
      All the experiments will be carried out at the patient's hospital room (Hospital IMED Elche)&#xD;
      during the post-surgical period or in a human psychophysical laboratory (University Miguel&#xD;
      Hernández).&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Recruiting</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">October 1, 2019</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">May 2024</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2023</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>N/A</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Single Group Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Thresholds of visual perceptions elicited by intracortical microstimulation</measure>
    <time_frame>Within implantation period (up to 6 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Charges needed for eliciting visual perceptions through electrical stimulation of the human cortex</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Phosphene mapping</measure>
    <time_frame>Within implantation period (up to 6 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Location of induced perceptions within the visual field by pointing with the finger where the phosphene is perceived</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Visual Acuity</measure>
    <time_frame>Within implantation period (up to 6 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Spatial resolution measured by computerized visual tests</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Motion perception</measure>
    <time_frame>Within implantation period (up to 6 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Correct perception of movement with a coarse pattern moving in one of four directions</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Visual function</measure>
    <time_frame>Within implantation period (up to 6 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Effectiveness of intracortical microstimulation to recognize letters, habitual objects and complex stimulation patterrns as measured by a suite of visual function tests. Questionnaire.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Number of participants with significant adverse events.</measure>
    <time_frame>Within implantation period (up to 6 months)</time_frame>
    <description>Complications and adverse events will be assessed through participant description of any possible adverse event, neurological examination, clinical tests and a specific questionnaire.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>1</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">5</enrollment>
  <condition>Blindness</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Blind volunteer</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Blind volunteers will be implanted with our existing vision neuroprosthetic system, which utilizes a FDA cleared microelectrode array, using a minicraniotomy. The array will be implanted near the occipital pole or in extra striate areas. The investigators will collect descriptive feedback regarding thresholds, evoked perceptions and stimulation parameters leading to recognizable patterns.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Minicraniotomy</intervention_name>
    <description>The surgical method for the implantation of the intracortical microelectrodes is straightforward and follows the standard neurosurgical procedures. Briefly, after the scalp is prepped with an antiseptic, a small skin incision is made. Then the skin and muscles are lifted off from the bone and folded back. Next, one small burr hole or a minicraniotomy of approximately 1.5 cm is made in the skull. This is a minimally invasive procedure that allows an easy access to the brain and is a standard procedure widely used in neurosurgery.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Blind volunteer</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Participant is capable and willing to provide informed consent for participation in&#xD;
             the trial.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Severe visual impairment with bilateral visual loss.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Greater than 18 years of age.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  General health: excellent.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Following a general physical and neurological examination, patient must have normal&#xD;
             serum electrolytes, C-reactive protein, complete blood count and PT and PTT.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  No history of stroke, seizure, coagulopathy, cardiac arrhythmias or ischemia,&#xD;
             pulmonary, hepatic or renal disease, nor transmissible viruses such as hepatitis or&#xD;
             HIV.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Stable dose of current regular medication for at least four weeks prior to trial&#xD;
             entry.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Able to perform the study during the full time period of up to 6 months.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Special consideration will be given to patients with (1) detailed medical histories,&#xD;
        including documentation of the onset, mechanism and evolution of the blindness; (2) lower&#xD;
        risks associated with surgery; and (3) no psychiatric disorders or other mental&#xD;
        disabilities.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Age &lt;18 or &gt;70.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Period of appropriate visual functions &lt; 12 years /lifetime.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  For medical reasons: Individuals with a history of seizure disorders, coagulopathy,&#xD;
             cardiac arrythmias or ischemia, pulmonary, hepatic or renal disease, and any other&#xD;
             neurological disorder. Patients who carry a transmissible virus such as hepatitis and&#xD;
             individuals with HIV-related neuropathies.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Vulnerable subject groups (e.g., pregnant women, prisoners, etc.).&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Persons unable to give written informed consent prior to participation in the study.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Not able to perform the study during the full time period (at least 3 months).&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the Investigator,&#xD;
             may either put the participants at risk because of participation in the trial, or may&#xD;
             influence the result of the trial, or the participant's ability to participate in the&#xD;
             trial.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>70 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD</last_name>
    <phone>+34 965222001</phone>
    <email>e.fernandez@umh.es</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Hospital IMED Elche</name>
      <address>
        <city>Elche</city>
        <state>Alicante</state>
        <zip>03202</zip>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD</last_name>
      <phone>+34965222001</phone>
      <email>e.fernandez@umh.es</email>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche</name>
      <address>
        <city>Elche</city>
        <state>Alicante</state>
        <zip>03202</zip>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD</last_name>
      <phone>+34 965222001</phone>
      <email>e.fernandez@umh.es</email>
    </contact>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Spain</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Martinez-Alvarez A, Crespo-Cano R, Diaz-Tahoces A, Cuenca-Asensi S, Ferrandez Vicente JM, Fernandez E. Automatic Tuning of a Retina Model for a Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Genetic Algorithm. Int J Neural Syst. 2016 Nov;26(7):1650021. doi: 10.1142/S0129065716500210. Epub 2016 Mar 29.</citation>
    <PMID>27354187</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Alfaro A, Bernabeu A, Agullo C, Parra J, Fernandez E. Hearing colors: an example of brain plasticity. Front Syst Neurosci. 2015 Apr 14;9:56. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00056. eCollection 2015.</citation>
    <PMID>25926778</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Fernandez E, Greger B, House PA, Aranda I, Botella C, Albisua J, Soto-Sanchez C, Alfaro A, Normann RA. Acute human brain responses to intracortical microelectrode arrays: challenges and future prospects. Front Neuroeng. 2014 Jul 21;7:24. doi: 10.3389/fneng.2014.00024. eCollection 2014.</citation>
    <PMID>25100989</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Normann RA, Greger B, House P, Romero SF, Pelayo F, Fernandez E. Toward the development of a cortically based visual neuroprosthesis. J Neural Eng. 2009 Jun;6(3):035001. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/6/3/035001. Epub 2009 May 20. Erratum In: J Neural Eng. 2009 Aug;6(4):049802. Greger, Bradley A [corrected to Greger, Bradley].</citation>
    <PMID>19458403</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Warren DJ, Fernandez E, Normann RA. High-resolution two-dimensional spatial mapping of cat striate cortex using a 100-microelectrode array. Neuroscience. 2001;105(1):19-31. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00174-9.</citation>
    <PMID>11483297</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Maynard EM, Fernandez E, Normann RA. A technique to prevent dural adhesions to chronically implanted microelectrode arrays. J Neurosci Methods. 2000 Apr 15;97(2):93-101. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00159-x.</citation>
    <PMID>10788663</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Morillas CA, Romero SF, Martinez A, Pelayo FJ, Ros E, Fernandez E. A design framework to model retinas. Biosystems. 2007 Feb;87(2-3):156-63. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2006.09.009. Epub 2006 Sep 7.</citation>
    <PMID>17011701</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Fernandez E, Pelayo F, Romero S, Bongard M, Marin C, Alfaro A, Merabet L. Development of a cortical visual neuroprosthesis for the blind: the relevance of neuroplasticity. J Neural Eng. 2005 Dec;2(4):R1-12. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/2/4/R01. Epub 2005 Nov 29.</citation>
    <PMID>16317227</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Marin C, Fernandez E. Biocompatibility of intracortical microelectrodes: current status and future prospects. Front Neuroeng. 2010 May 28;3:8. doi: 10.3389/fneng.2010.00008. eCollection 2010.</citation>
    <PMID>20577634</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bernabeu A, Alfaro A, Garcia M, Fernandez E. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) reveals the presence of elevated myo-inositol in the occipital cortex of blind subjects. Neuroimage. 2009 Oct 1;47(4):1172-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.080. Epub 2009 May 5.</citation>
    <PMID>19426816</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Normann RA, Fernandez E. Clinical applications of penetrating neural interfaces and Utah Electrode Array technologies. J Neural Eng. 2016 Dec;13(6):061003. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/061003. Epub 2016 Oct 20.</citation>
    <PMID>27762237</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Fernandez E, Alfaro A, Soto-Sanchez C, Gonzalez-Lopez P, Lozano AM, Pena S, Grima MD, Rodil A, Gomez B, Chen X, Roelfsema PR, Rolston JD, Davis TS, Normann RA. Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex. J Clin Invest. 2021 Dec 1;131(23):e151331. doi: 10.1172/JCI151331.</citation>
    <PMID>34665780</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>December 2022</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>September 12, 2016</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 1, 2016</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">December 6, 2016</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>December 4, 2022</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>December 4, 2022</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">December 7, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Eduardo Fernandez</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>MD and PhD</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Blindness</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02983370
org study id: CORTIVIS16-HUM1
nct id: NCT02983370
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The objective of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a cortical visual prosthesis
      based on intracortical microelectrodes to provide a limited but useful sense of vision to
      profoundly blind. This pilot study will provide important information on safety and efficacy
      for the development of an useful cortical visual neuroprosthesis for the blind.
Visual impairment is one of the ten most prevalent disabilities and poses extraordinary
      challenges to individuals in our society, which is heavily dependent on sight. Drug
      development and genetic engineering have had only marginal success as possible treatments but
      new hope has been generated by recent advances in neuroscience, micro-fabrication
      technologies, biomaterials, neuromorphic engineering and information and communication
      technologies leading to the development of highly sophisticated neural prosthetic devices
      which interact with the nervous system. Such assistive devices have already allowed thousands
      of deaf patients to hear sounds and acquire language abilities and the same hope exists in
      the field of visual rehabilitation.

      Several research groups worldwide are engaged in attempts to restore vision through retinal
      prosthesis. However these devices are not viable for all causes of blindness. Thus, if the
      communication link between eye and brain is destroyed (e.g. for Glaucoma or optic nerve
      atrophy), as is the case for 148 million people worldwide, then visual cortical prosthesis
      holds the dominant hope for visual restoration. Consequently, there are many compelling
      reasons to pursue the development of a cortical prosthesis capable of restoring some useful
      vision in profoundly blind patients and this approach may be the only treatment available for
      end-stage retinitis pigmentosa patients and for pathologies such as glaucoma optic atrophy,
      trauma to the retina and/or optic nerves, and for diseases of the central visual pathways due
      to brain injuries or stroke.

      The investigators will implant the CORTIVIS vision neuroprosthetic system, which utilizes a
      FDA cleared microelectrode array, into blind human volunteers and obtain descriptive feedback
      about visualized percepts. The experiments are designed to learn if volunteers can learn to
      integrate the electrical stimulation of brain visual areas into meaningful percepts. It is
      expected that a cortical device can create truly meaningful visual percepts that can be
      translated into functional gains such as the recognition, localization and grasping of
      objects or skillful navigation in familiar an unfamiliar environments resulting in a
      substantial improvement in the standard of living of blind and visually impaired persons.

      All the experiments will be carried out at the patient's hospital room (Hospital IMED Elche)
      during the post-surgical period or in a human psychophysical laboratory (University Miguel
      Hernández).
allocation: N/A
intervention model: Single Group Assignment
primary purpose: Other
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Thresholds of visual perceptions elicited by intracortical microstimulation
time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
description: Charges needed for eliciting visual perceptions through electrical stimulation of the human cortex
measure: Phosphene mapping
time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
description: Location of induced perceptions within the visual field by pointing with the finger where the phosphene is perceived
measure: Visual Acuity
time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
description: Spatial resolution measured by computerized visual tests
measure: Motion perception
time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
description: Correct perception of movement with a coarse pattern moving in one of four directions
measure: Visual function
time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
description: Effectiveness of intracortical microstimulation to recognize letters, habitual objects and complex stimulation patterrns as measured by a suite of visual function tests. Questionnaire.
measure: Number of participants with significant adverse events.
time frame: Within implantation period (up to 6 months)
description: Complications and adverse events will be assessed through participant description of any possible adverse event, neurological examination, clinical tests and a specific questionnaire.
arm group label: Blind volunteer
arm group type: Experimental
description: Blind volunteers will be implanted with our existing vision neuroprosthetic system, which utilizes a FDA cleared microelectrode array, using a minicraniotomy. The array will be implanted near the occipital pole or in extra striate areas. The investigators will collect descriptive feedback regarding thresholds, evoked perceptions and stimulation parameters leading to recognizable patterns.
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Minicraniotomy
description: The surgical method for the implantation of the intracortical microelectrodes is straightforward and follows the standard neurosurgical procedures. Briefly, after the scalp is prepped with an antiseptic, a small skin incision is made. Then the skin and muscles are lifted off from the bone and folded back. Next, one small burr hole or a minicraniotomy of approximately 1.5 cm is made in the skull. This is a minimally invasive procedure that allows an easy access to the brain and is a standard procedure widely used in neurosurgery.
arm group label: Blind volunteer
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 70 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
last name: Eduardo Fernandez, MD and PhD
phone: +34 965222001
email: e.fernandez@umh.es
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
country: Spain
citation: Martinez-Alvarez A, Crespo-Cano R, Diaz-Tahoces A, Cuenca-Asensi S, Ferrandez Vicente JM, Fernandez E. Automatic Tuning of a Retina Model for a Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Genetic Algorithm. Int J Neural Syst. 2016 Nov;26(7):1650021. doi: 10.1142/S0129065716500210. Epub 2016 Mar 29.
PMID: 27354187
citation: Alfaro A, Bernabeu A, Agullo C, Parra J, Fernandez E. Hearing colors: an example of brain plasticity. Front Syst Neurosci. 2015 Apr 14;9:56. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00056. eCollection 2015.
PMID: 25926778
citation: Fernandez E, Greger B, House PA, Aranda I, Botella C, Albisua J, Soto-Sanchez C, Alfaro A, Normann RA. Acute human brain responses to intracortical microelectrode arrays: challenges and future prospects. Front Neuroeng. 2014 Jul 21;7:24. doi: 10.3389/fneng.2014.00024. eCollection 2014.
PMID: 25100989
citation: Normann RA, Greger B, House P, Romero SF, Pelayo F, Fernandez E. Toward the development of a cortically based visual neuroprosthesis. J Neural Eng. 2009 Jun;6(3):035001. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/6/3/035001. Epub 2009 May 20. Erratum In: J Neural Eng. 2009 Aug;6(4):049802. Greger, Bradley A [corrected to Greger, Bradley].
PMID: 19458403
citation: Warren DJ, Fernandez E, Normann RA. High-resolution two-dimensional spatial mapping of cat striate cortex using a 100-microelectrode array. Neuroscience. 2001;105(1):19-31. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00174-9.
PMID: 11483297
citation: Maynard EM, Fernandez E, Normann RA. A technique to prevent dural adhesions to chronically implanted microelectrode arrays. J Neurosci Methods. 2000 Apr 15;97(2):93-101. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00159-x.
PMID: 10788663
citation: Morillas CA, Romero SF, Martinez A, Pelayo FJ, Ros E, Fernandez E. A design framework to model retinas. Biosystems. 2007 Feb;87(2-3):156-63. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2006.09.009. Epub 2006 Sep 7.
PMID: 17011701
citation: Fernandez E, Pelayo F, Romero S, Bongard M, Marin C, Alfaro A, Merabet L. Development of a cortical visual neuroprosthesis for the blind: the relevance of neuroplasticity. J Neural Eng. 2005 Dec;2(4):R1-12. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/2/4/R01. Epub 2005 Nov 29.
PMID: 16317227
citation: Marin C, Fernandez E. Biocompatibility of intracortical microelectrodes: current status and future prospects. Front Neuroeng. 2010 May 28;3:8. doi: 10.3389/fneng.2010.00008. eCollection 2010.
PMID: 20577634
citation: Bernabeu A, Alfaro A, Garcia M, Fernandez E. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) reveals the presence of elevated myo-inositol in the occipital cortex of blind subjects. Neuroimage. 2009 Oct 1;47(4):1172-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.080. Epub 2009 May 5.
PMID: 19426816
citation: Normann RA, Fernandez E. Clinical applications of penetrating neural interfaces and Utah Electrode Array technologies. J Neural Eng. 2016 Dec;13(6):061003. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/061003. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
PMID: 27762237
citation: Fernandez E, Alfaro A, Soto-Sanchez C, Gonzalez-Lopez P, Lozano AM, Pena S, Grima MD, Rodil A, Gomez B, Chen X, Roelfsema PR, Rolston JD, Davis TS, Normann RA. Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex. J Clin Invest. 2021 Dec 1;131(23):e151331. doi: 10.1172/JCI151331.
PMID: 34665780
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche
investigator full name: Eduardo Fernandez
investigator title: MD and PhD
mesh term: Blindness
sharing ipd: No