<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03008759</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>NanoF</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03008759</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Evaluation in Vivo of Dentifrice With Nanoencapsulated Fluoride</brief_title>
  <official_title>Evaluation in Vivo of Experimental Dentifrice With Nanoencapsulated Fluoride</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Fabio Correia Sampaio</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Federal University of Paraíba</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The literature recognizes that fluoride is the most widely used and studied means for dental&#xD;
      remineralization. The use of fluoride toothpaste in brushing is considered more rational&#xD;
      method for the prevention of caries. However, the current challenge of toothpaste is the&#xD;
      substantivity, so new compounds have been introduced into these formulations. This study aims&#xD;
      to evaluate the in vivo effect of fluoride dentifrice containing nanoencapsulated Fluoride&#xD;
      (Nano-F) - in fluoride retention in saliva and dental plaque. A study of the clinical and&#xD;
      laboratory type, crossover, double-blind, randomized will be held. After sample calculation,&#xD;
      the total of 12 individuals aged between 18 and 35 years old, healthy, decayed, missing, and&#xD;
      filled teeth index less than 6 and residents in brazilian northeast capital will be part of&#xD;
      the sample. Fluoride bioavailability will be evaluated in the biofilm and saliva after the&#xD;
      use of fluoridated weekly. The biofilm will be assessed on 1h and 12 h after brushing; and&#xD;
      unstimulated saliva in times of 3, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 12 hours after. It will be 3&#xD;
      toothpastes: 50% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride, 100% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride and Free sodium&#xD;
      fluoride. Between weeks of use, brushing will be extended washout (without fluoride) to avoid&#xD;
      carryover effect. inferential data analysis will be carried out, considering the amount of&#xD;
      alpha &lt;0.05. So knowing that caries is a dynamic process, the largest fluoride retention in&#xD;
      the oral fluids promoted by the Nanoencapsulated Fluoride may have important impact on Des-Re&#xD;
      process and in the control of dental caries&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      1. Study design It is a quantitative study of double-blind randomized crossover clinical&#xD;
           type with inductive approach and documentation of technical and direct observation with&#xD;
           measurements in the laboratory.&#xD;
&#xD;
           In order to assess the bioavailability of intraoral fluoride week after the use of&#xD;
           fluoride toothpastes containing Nanoencapsulated Fluoride, it will be collected biofilm&#xD;
           samples 1h and 12 h after brushing; and unstimulated saliva in times of 3, 15, 30, 45,&#xD;
           60 minutes and 12 hours after. The data will be obtained by physical and chemical&#xD;
           analysis of the samples of fluoride (F). Therefore, the study will consist of two&#xD;
           interrelated steps: a clinical phase for biofilm collection and saliva; and laboratory&#xD;
           stage for fluoride analysis in the samples.&#xD;
&#xD;
           Will be conducted pilot test with three participants before the start of the study.&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. Sample Size The sample size calculation was performed using fluoride concentration data&#xD;
           in dental biofilm previous study and taking effect size difference between the&#xD;
           experimental dentifrice (100% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride ) and positive control of at&#xD;
           least 3.4 ppm of F- in biofilm after 12 hours, namely, 25%. Admitting experimental&#xD;
           protocol with beta error of 10% alpha error of 5%, one-tailed and statistical power of&#xD;
           90%, the sample size was calculated for 6 people. For the calculation we used the Excel&#xD;
           software and mathematical formula for clinical trials of superiority given. Adding&#xD;
           sample loss resulted in 12 people.&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. Experimental Dentifrice For this study will be used four toothpastes: 50%&#xD;
           Nanoencapsulated Fluoride, 100% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride, Free sodium fluoride, Without&#xD;
           fluoride. The toothpaste, made available by the company from Brazil are packed in the&#xD;
           same packaging and have the taste of mint. Except wash out the tubes with toothpaste&#xD;
           will be identified by letters (A, B and C) by an independent researcher. The letters&#xD;
           code will not be revealed to the participants nor the researcher who will accompany&#xD;
           them. These will be drawn at random for daily use for seven days in four times, giving&#xD;
           an interval of one week wash-out between them.&#xD;
&#xD;
           In these periods of wash-out will use a toothpaste without fluoride. In the end, all&#xD;
           study participants will use the 5 experimental dentifrice at different times.&#xD;
&#xD;
        4. Clinical phase The participant will be informed about the study and after its&#xD;
           acceptance, he/she will initiate the study. Initially will be clinical examination in&#xD;
           order to report the presence of any of the exclusion criteria already listed. After&#xD;
           verifying the absence of these criteria, there will be a dental prophylaxis pumice for&#xD;
           removal of this biofilm and in some cases may be made supragingival scraping. The&#xD;
           patient will be advised not to make use of any fluoride product during the experiment.&#xD;
           At first, volunteers are instructed to use a toothpaste without fluoride (wash out) the&#xD;
           first week, in order to equate the study participants and eliminate any potential&#xD;
           carryover effects of toothpaste used previously.&#xD;
&#xD;
           The participant will get a tube of toothpaste and will be instructed to brush their&#xD;
           teeth for 1 minute and rinse with 10 mL of water twice a day (morning and night). On the&#xD;
           seventh day, the participant will be instructed to brush only the occlusal surfaces of&#xD;
           your teeth, to allow biofilm accumulation of flat surfaces. When going to bed, you are&#xD;
           warned not to eat or drink (except water) as well as not brushing your teeth until the&#xD;
           next day. On the following morning, approximately 12 hours after the last brushing and&#xD;
           fasting, the first dental biofilm sample and unstimulated saliva is collected. It will&#xD;
           be used to remove biofilm Hollenback vestibular faces, interproximal, palatal and&#xD;
           lingual right hemiarch and deposited in a pre-weighed Eppendorf tube in an analytical&#xD;
           balance. To saliva collection, the participant, at rest, will be instructed to spit for&#xD;
           a minute in a graduated glass tube. After that, the participant will brush the occlusal&#xD;
           surfaces for 1 min and rinse with 10 mL of water. Soon after, will new collection of&#xD;
           saliva and plaque. Saliva samples will give up in times of 3, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes&#xD;
           after brushing, while the biofilm left hemiarch will be collected one hour after&#xD;
           brushing. After the collection will be offered at breakfast organized by researchers&#xD;
           participating in the crown of that research center.&#xD;
&#xD;
        5. Laboratorial phase Samples will be evaluated through physical-chemical analysis of&#xD;
           fluoride using calibrated fluoride electrode. Samples will be analyzed for fluoride&#xD;
           concentration using ion-specific electrode after diffusion facilitated with hexamethyl&#xD;
           disiloxane (HMDS). The calibration curve is made for each analysis. All analyzes will be&#xD;
           done in triplicate and be submitted for validation.&#xD;
&#xD;
        6. Data analysis The study data will be analyzed by inferential statistics considering p&#xD;
           &lt;0.05.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Active, not recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date>February 2016</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">February 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">November 2016</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>Phase 1/Phase 2</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Bioavailability of intraoral fluoride (biofilm and saliva)</measure>
    <time_frame>six months</time_frame>
    <description>collection of dental plaque(biofilm) and saliva</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>4</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">20</enrollment>
  <condition>Dental Caries</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Placebo</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Dentifrice without fluoride</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dentifrice standard</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Dentifrice 1100 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF). Positive control</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dentifrice 50% Nano-F</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Dentifrice experimental with Fluoride being half of fluoride Nanoencapsulated and other half freeform of NaF</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dentifrice 100% Nano-F</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Dentifrice experimental with fluoride 100% Nanoencapsulated</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Dentifrice 100% Nano-F</intervention_name>
    <description>Use of few of dentifrice 100% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride on brushing for one week, twice day.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Dentifrice 100% Nano-F</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Placebo</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Dentifrice 50% Nano-F</intervention_name>
    <description>Use of few of dentifrice 50% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride on brushing for one week, twice day.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Dentifrice 50% Nano-F</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Placebo</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Dentifrice standard</intervention_name>
    <description>Use of few of dentifrice on brushing for one week, twice day. It's for the positive control of fluorid</description>
    <arm_group_label>Dentifrice standard</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Placebo</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  resident in João Pessoa&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Decayed, Missing, Filled Index&lt;6&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Healthy&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  orthodontic treatment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  gingivitis&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Periodontal disease&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Smokers&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Present active tooth decay&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Tooth sensitivity&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Those undergoing treatment with fluoride products and / or use of antimicrobials in&#xD;
             the past four weeks&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>32 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Fábio Sampaio, Doctor</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>University Federal of Paraiba</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Federal University of Paraíba</name>
      <address>
        <city>Joao Pessoa</city>
        <state>Paraíba</state>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Brazil</country>
  </location_countries>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Buzalaf MA, Vilhena FV, Iano FG, Grizzo L, Pessan JP, Sampaio FC, Oliveira RC. The effect of different fluoride concentrations and pH of dentifrices on plaque and nail fluoride levels in young children. Caries Res. 2009;43(2):142-6. doi: 10.1159/000211717. Epub 2009 Apr 8.</citation>
    <PMID>19365118</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Whitford GM, Wasdin JL, Schafer TE, Adair SM. Plaque fluoride concentrations are dependent on plaque calcium concentrations. Caries Res. 2002 Jul-Aug;36(4):256-65. doi: 10.1159/000063931.</citation>
    <PMID>12218274</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Pessan JP, Silva SM, Lauris JR, Sampaio FC, Whitford GM, Buzalaf MA. Fluoride uptake by plaque from water and from dentifrice. J Dent Res. 2008 May;87(5):461-5. doi: 10.1177/154405910808700501.</citation>
    <PMID>18434577</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Pessan JP, Pinto Alves KM, Italiani Fde M, Ramires I, Lauris JR, Whitford GM, Toumba KJ, Robinson C, Buzalaf MA. Distribution of fluoride and calcium in plaque biofilms after the use of conventional and low-fluoride dentifrices. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2014 Jul;24(4):293-302. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12073.</citation>
    <PMID>25045768</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Pessan JP, Conceicao JM, Grizzo LT, Szekely M, Fazakas Z, Buzalaf MA. Intraoral fluoride levels after use of conventional and high-fluoride dentifrices. Clin Oral Investig. 2015 May;19(4):955-8. doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1426-3. Epub 2015 Feb 14.</citation>
    <PMID>25677244</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Duckworth RM, Jones S. On the relationship between the rate of salivary flow and salivary fluoride clearance. Caries Res. 2015;49(2):141-6. doi: 10.1159/000365949. Epub 2015 Jan 27.</citation>
    <PMID>25634162</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Duckworth RM, Morgan SN, Gilbert RJ. Oral fluoride measurements for estimation of the anti-caries efficacy of fluoride treatments. J Dent Res. 1992 Apr;71 Spec No:836-40. doi: 10.1177/002203459207100S09.</citation>
    <PMID>1592970</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>November 2016</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>November 25, 2016</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 29, 2016</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">January 2, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>December 29, 2016</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>December 29, 2016</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Estimate">January 2, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor-Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Federal University of Paraíba</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Fabio Correia Sampaio</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Fluoride</keyword>
  <keyword>Dental caries</keyword>
  <keyword>Dentifrice</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Dental Caries</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03008759
org study id: NanoF
nct id: NCT03008759
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
The literature recognizes that fluoride is the most widely used and studied means for dental
      remineralization. The use of fluoride toothpaste in brushing is considered more rational
      method for the prevention of caries. However, the current challenge of toothpaste is the
      substantivity, so new compounds have been introduced into these formulations. This study aims
      to evaluate the in vivo effect of fluoride dentifrice containing nanoencapsulated Fluoride
      (Nano-F) - in fluoride retention in saliva and dental plaque. A study of the clinical and
      laboratory type, crossover, double-blind, randomized will be held. After sample calculation,
      the total of 12 individuals aged between 18 and 35 years old, healthy, decayed, missing, and
      filled teeth index less than 6 and residents in brazilian northeast capital will be part of
      the sample. Fluoride bioavailability will be evaluated in the biofilm and saliva after the
      use of fluoridated weekly. The biofilm will be assessed on 1h and 12 h after brushing; and
      unstimulated saliva in times of 3, 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 12 hours after. It will be 3
      toothpastes: 50% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride, 100% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride and Free sodium
      fluoride. Between weeks of use, brushing will be extended washout (without fluoride) to avoid
      carryover effect. inferential data analysis will be carried out, considering the amount of
      alpha <0.05. So knowing that caries is a dynamic process, the largest fluoride retention in
      the oral fluids promoted by the Nanoencapsulated Fluoride may have important impact on Des-Re
      process and in the control of dental caries
1. Study design It is a quantitative study of double-blind randomized crossover clinical
           type with inductive approach and documentation of technical and direct observation with
           measurements in the laboratory.

           In order to assess the bioavailability of intraoral fluoride week after the use of
           fluoride toothpastes containing Nanoencapsulated Fluoride, it will be collected biofilm
           samples 1h and 12 h after brushing; and unstimulated saliva in times of 3, 15, 30, 45,
           60 minutes and 12 hours after. The data will be obtained by physical and chemical
           analysis of the samples of fluoride (F). Therefore, the study will consist of two
           interrelated steps: a clinical phase for biofilm collection and saliva; and laboratory
           stage for fluoride analysis in the samples.

           Will be conducted pilot test with three participants before the start of the study.

        2. Sample Size The sample size calculation was performed using fluoride concentration data
           in dental biofilm previous study and taking effect size difference between the
           experimental dentifrice (100% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride ) and positive control of at
           least 3.4 ppm of F- in biofilm after 12 hours, namely, 25%. Admitting experimental
           protocol with beta error of 10% alpha error of 5%, one-tailed and statistical power of
           90%, the sample size was calculated for 6 people. For the calculation we used the Excel
           software and mathematical formula for clinical trials of superiority given. Adding
           sample loss resulted in 12 people.

        3. Experimental Dentifrice For this study will be used four toothpastes: 50%
           Nanoencapsulated Fluoride, 100% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride, Free sodium fluoride, Without
           fluoride. The toothpaste, made available by the company from Brazil are packed in the
           same packaging and have the taste of mint. Except wash out the tubes with toothpaste
           will be identified by letters (A, B and C) by an independent researcher. The letters
           code will not be revealed to the participants nor the researcher who will accompany
           them. These will be drawn at random for daily use for seven days in four times, giving
           an interval of one week wash-out between them.

           In these periods of wash-out will use a toothpaste without fluoride. In the end, all
           study participants will use the 5 experimental dentifrice at different times.

        4. Clinical phase The participant will be informed about the study and after its
           acceptance, he/she will initiate the study. Initially will be clinical examination in
           order to report the presence of any of the exclusion criteria already listed. After
           verifying the absence of these criteria, there will be a dental prophylaxis pumice for
           removal of this biofilm and in some cases may be made supragingival scraping. The
           patient will be advised not to make use of any fluoride product during the experiment.
           At first, volunteers are instructed to use a toothpaste without fluoride (wash out) the
           first week, in order to equate the study participants and eliminate any potential
           carryover effects of toothpaste used previously.

           The participant will get a tube of toothpaste and will be instructed to brush their
           teeth for 1 minute and rinse with 10 mL of water twice a day (morning and night). On the
           seventh day, the participant will be instructed to brush only the occlusal surfaces of
           your teeth, to allow biofilm accumulation of flat surfaces. When going to bed, you are
           warned not to eat or drink (except water) as well as not brushing your teeth until the
           next day. On the following morning, approximately 12 hours after the last brushing and
           fasting, the first dental biofilm sample and unstimulated saliva is collected. It will
           be used to remove biofilm Hollenback vestibular faces, interproximal, palatal and
           lingual right hemiarch and deposited in a pre-weighed Eppendorf tube in an analytical
           balance. To saliva collection, the participant, at rest, will be instructed to spit for
           a minute in a graduated glass tube. After that, the participant will brush the occlusal
           surfaces for 1 min and rinse with 10 mL of water. Soon after, will new collection of
           saliva and plaque. Saliva samples will give up in times of 3, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes
           after brushing, while the biofilm left hemiarch will be collected one hour after
           brushing. After the collection will be offered at breakfast organized by researchers
           participating in the crown of that research center.

        5. Laboratorial phase Samples will be evaluated through physical-chemical analysis of
           fluoride using calibrated fluoride electrode. Samples will be analyzed for fluoride
           concentration using ion-specific electrode after diffusion facilitated with hexamethyl
           disiloxane (HMDS). The calibration curve is made for each analysis. All analyzes will be
           done in triplicate and be submitted for validation.

        6. Data analysis The study data will be analyzed by inferential statistics considering p
           <0.05.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Crossover Assignment
primary purpose: Prevention
masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
measure: Bioavailability of intraoral fluoride (biofilm and saliva)
time frame: six months
description: collection of dental plaque(biofilm) and saliva
arm group label: Placebo
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: Dentifrice without fluoride
arm group label: Dentifrice standard
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Dentifrice 1100 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF). Positive control
arm group label: Dentifrice 50% Nano-F
arm group type: Experimental
description: Dentifrice experimental with Fluoride being half of fluoride Nanoencapsulated and other half freeform of NaF
arm group label: Dentifrice 100% Nano-F
arm group type: Experimental
description: Dentifrice experimental with fluoride 100% Nanoencapsulated
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Dentifrice 100% Nano-F
description: Use of few of dentifrice 100% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride on brushing for one week, twice day.
arm group label: Dentifrice 100% Nano-F
arm group label: Placebo
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Dentifrice 50% Nano-F
description: Use of few of dentifrice 50% Nanoencapsulated Fluoride on brushing for one week, twice day.
arm group label: Dentifrice 50% Nano-F
arm group label: Placebo
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Dentifrice standard
description: Use of few of dentifrice on brushing for one week, twice day. It's for the positive control of fluorid
arm group label: Dentifrice standard
arm group label: Placebo
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 32 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Fábio Sampaio, Doctor
role: Study Director
affiliation: University Federal of Paraiba
facility: 
country: Brazil
citation: Buzalaf MA, Vilhena FV, Iano FG, Grizzo L, Pessan JP, Sampaio FC, Oliveira RC. The effect of different fluoride concentrations and pH of dentifrices on plaque and nail fluoride levels in young children. Caries Res. 2009;43(2):142-6. doi: 10.1159/000211717. Epub 2009 Apr 8.
PMID: 19365118
citation: Whitford GM, Wasdin JL, Schafer TE, Adair SM. Plaque fluoride concentrations are dependent on plaque calcium concentrations. Caries Res. 2002 Jul-Aug;36(4):256-65. doi: 10.1159/000063931.
PMID: 12218274
citation: Pessan JP, Silva SM, Lauris JR, Sampaio FC, Whitford GM, Buzalaf MA. Fluoride uptake by plaque from water and from dentifrice. J Dent Res. 2008 May;87(5):461-5. doi: 10.1177/154405910808700501.
PMID: 18434577
citation: Pessan JP, Pinto Alves KM, Italiani Fde M, Ramires I, Lauris JR, Whitford GM, Toumba KJ, Robinson C, Buzalaf MA. Distribution of fluoride and calcium in plaque biofilms after the use of conventional and low-fluoride dentifrices. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2014 Jul;24(4):293-302. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12073.
PMID: 25045768
citation: Pessan JP, Conceicao JM, Grizzo LT, Szekely M, Fazakas Z, Buzalaf MA. Intraoral fluoride levels after use of conventional and high-fluoride dentifrices. Clin Oral Investig. 2015 May;19(4):955-8. doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1426-3. Epub 2015 Feb 14.
PMID: 25677244
citation: Duckworth RM, Jones S. On the relationship between the rate of salivary flow and salivary fluoride clearance. Caries Res. 2015;49(2):141-6. doi: 10.1159/000365949. Epub 2015 Jan 27.
PMID: 25634162
citation: Duckworth RM, Morgan SN, Gilbert RJ. Oral fluoride measurements for estimation of the anti-caries efficacy of fluoride treatments. J Dent Res. 1992 Apr;71 Spec No:836-40. doi: 10.1177/002203459207100S09.
PMID: 1592970
responsible party type: Sponsor-Investigator
investigator affiliation: Federal University of Paraíba
investigator full name: Fabio Correia Sampaio
investigator title: Professor
mesh term: Dental Caries
sharing ipd: Undecided