<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03016221</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>2016-01541</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03016221</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Local Changes of Skin Characteristics After an Application of a Topical Product With a Warming or Cooling Effect</brief_title>
  <acronym>SRPT</acronym>
  <official_title>Local Changes of Skin Characteristics During and After an Application of a Topical Product With a Warming or Cooling Effect - a Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The use of topical over-the-counter (OTC) products with a warming or cooling effect is&#xD;
      widespread in the fields of sport, physiotherapy and in private households. Advertisements&#xD;
      for such products promise pain relief when suffering from musculoskeletal disorders such as&#xD;
      muscle tension, rheumatism or acute injuries, e.g. sprains. In literature, there are only&#xD;
      little information about the efficacy and the physiological mechanisms of topical warming or&#xD;
      cooling products. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the local skin&#xD;
      characteristics during and after an application of a topical product with a warming or&#xD;
      cooling effect.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The use of topical products for local pain relief in chronic or acute musculoskeletal&#xD;
      disorders is widely used. Despite the widespread use of these products, there is missing&#xD;
      information on the physiological mechanisms and efficacy of topical warming and cooling&#xD;
      ointments. Most of the existing literature is about the efficacy of topical non-steroidal&#xD;
      anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-products on chronic pain in osteoarthritis. Furthermore, one&#xD;
      study tested the cooling effect of gels with different menthol concentrations. They found&#xD;
      that, regardless of the concentration, the skin temperature was reduced up to one hour post&#xD;
      application in the area of application.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The aim of our study is to evaluate the change of skin characteristics after a single&#xD;
      application of a warming or cooling topical product on healthy subjects. Outcome parameters&#xD;
      include skin perfusion, temperature, skin redness and subjective thermal sensation. We only&#xD;
      selected products in form of alcohol based ointments, menthol or wintergreen oil. Sprays and&#xD;
      patches were excluded.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The application area is the unilateral lumbar back region, whereas the contralateral side&#xD;
      serves as control area. After an acclimatization period, baseline measurements are performed,&#xD;
      followed by standardized application of the topical product. The local skin responses are&#xD;
      measured in 10 mins time increments up to one hour.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">May 1, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">December 6, 2019</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 6, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Basic Science</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>local skin perfusion</measure>
    <time_frame>during one hour post application</time_frame>
    <description>local skin perfusion will be measured with a laser speckle instrument</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>local skin redness</measure>
    <time_frame>during one hour post application</time_frame>
    <description>local skin redness (erythema) will be measured with a chromameter</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>skin surface temperature</measure>
    <time_frame>during one hour post application</time_frame>
    <description>skin surface temperature will be measured with thermochrons, infrared thermometer and thermal imaging camera</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>local muscle tissue oxygenation</measure>
    <time_frame>during one hour post application</time_frame>
    <description>local muscle tissue oxygenation will be measured with near infrared spectroscopy</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>subjective temperature sensation</measure>
    <time_frame>during one hour post application</time_frame>
    <description>subjective temperature sensation will be evaluated with a thermal comfort questionnaire</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>skin perfusion directly next to the application area</measure>
    <time_frame>during one hour post application</time_frame>
    <description>skin perfusion will be measured with a laser speckle instrument</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>skin redness directly next to the application area</measure>
    <time_frame>during one hour post application</time_frame>
    <description>skin redness (erythema) will be measured with a chromameter</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>skin temperature directly next to the application area</measure>
    <time_frame>during one hour post application</time_frame>
    <description>skin surface temperature will be measured with thermochrons, infrared thermometer and thermal imaging camera</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>muscle tissue oxygenation directly next to the application area</measure>
    <time_frame>during one hour post application</time_frame>
    <description>muscle tissue oxygenation will be measured with near infrared spectroscopy</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>subjective temperature sensation directly next to the application area</measure>
    <time_frame>during one hour post application</time_frame>
    <description>subjective temperature sensation will be evaluated with a thermal comfort questionnaire</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>16</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">90</enrollment>
  <condition>Healthy</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Axanova hot gel</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Intervention: Axanova hot gel is a topical product with a warming effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Axanova hot gel control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Axanova hot gel control.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Axanova activ gel</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Intervention: Axanova activ gel is a topical product with a revulsive effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Axanova activ gel control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Axanova activ gel control.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Perskindol Dolo Gel</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Intervention: Perskindol Dolo Gel is a topical product with a warming effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Perskindol Dolo Gel control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Perskindol Dolo Gel control.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Perskindol Classic Gel</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Intervention: Perskindol Classic Gel is a topical product with a revulsive effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Perskindol Classic Gel control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Perskindol Classic Gel control.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Intervention: Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel is a topical product with a cooling effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel control.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dolor-X Hot Gel</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Intervention: Dolor-X Hot Gel is a topical product with a warming effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dolor-X Hot Gel control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Dolor-X Hot Gel control.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dolor-X Classic Gel</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Intervention: Dolor-X Classic Gel is a topical product with a revulsive effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dolor-X Classic Gel control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Dolor-X Classic Gel control.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dolor-X Cool Gel</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Intervention: Dolor-X Cool Gel is a topical product with a cooling effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dolor-X Cool Gel control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Dolor-X Cool Gel control.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Axanova hot gel</intervention_name>
    <description>Axanova hot gel is a topical product with a warming effect. It contains menthol, pine needle oil, wintergreen oil, rosemary oil, eucalyptus oil, incense oil.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Axanova hot gel</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Axanova activ gel</intervention_name>
    <description>Axanova activ gel is a topical product with a revulsive effect. It contains menthol, pine needle oil, orange oil, lemon oil, wintergreen oil, glycosaminoglycans.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Axanova activ gel</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Perskindol Dolo Gel</intervention_name>
    <description>Perskindol Dolo Gel is a topical product with a warming effect. It contains wintergreen oil, pine needle oil, aromatics, excipients.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Perskindol Dolo Gel</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Perskindol Classic Gel</intervention_name>
    <description>Perskindol Classic Gel is a topical product with a revulsive effect. It contains menthol, wintergreen oil, pine needle oil, lemon oil, orange peel oil, lemon bergamot oil, rosemary oil, lavender oil, excipients.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Perskindol Classic Gel</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel</intervention_name>
    <description>Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel is a topical product with a cooling effect. It contains levomenthol, color E131, aromatics, excipients.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Dolor-X Hot Gel</intervention_name>
    <description>Dolor-X Hot Gel is a topical product with a warming effect. It contains isopropyl alcohol, water, menthol, hyprolose, camphor, trometamol, paprika, wintergreen oil, excipients.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Dolor-X Hot Gel</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Dolor-X Classic Gel</intervention_name>
    <description>Dolor-X Classic Gel is a revulsive product. It contains water, isopropyl alcohol, menthol, spruce, hyprolose, trometamol, wintergreen oil, excipients.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Dolor-X Classic Gel</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Dolor-X Cool Gel</intervention_name>
    <description>Dolor-X Cool Gel is a cooling product. It contains water, isopropyl alcohol, menthol, trometamol, color E131, excipients.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Dolor-X Cool Gel</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  no existing musculoskeletal disorders in the region of interest&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  no surgery in the region of interest in the last year&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  healthy skin conditions in the region of interest&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  fear of treatment&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  regular intake of drugs, excluding contraceptives&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  metal implants in the region between C7 and sacrum, including hip joints&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  lack of epicritic and protopathic skin sensitivity&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  renal insufficiency&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  bronchial asthma&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  pregnancy/lactation&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  polyneuropathy&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>40 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>SUPSI</name>
      <address>
        <city>Landquart</city>
        <state>GR</state>
        <zip>CH-7302</zip>
        <country>Switzerland</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Switzerland</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>June 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 4, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 6, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">January 10, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>December 12, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>December 12, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">December 13, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>local skin responses</keyword>
  <keyword>hyperemia</keyword>
  <keyword>thermal sensation</keyword>
  <keyword>topical warming ointments</keyword>
  <keyword>topical cooling ointments</keyword>
  <keyword>skin perfusion</keyword>
  <keyword>subjective thermal sensation</keyword>
  <keyword>muscle tissue oxygenation</keyword>
  <keyword>skin temperature</keyword>
  <keyword>skin redness</keyword>
  <keyword>erythema</keyword>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03016221
org study id: 2016-01541
nct id: NCT03016221
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The use of topical over-the-counter (OTC) products with a warming or cooling effect is
      widespread in the fields of sport, physiotherapy and in private households. Advertisements
      for such products promise pain relief when suffering from musculoskeletal disorders such as
      muscle tension, rheumatism or acute injuries, e.g. sprains. In literature, there are only
      little information about the efficacy and the physiological mechanisms of topical warming or
      cooling products. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the local skin
      characteristics during and after an application of a topical product with a warming or
      cooling effect.
The use of topical products for local pain relief in chronic or acute musculoskeletal
      disorders is widely used. Despite the widespread use of these products, there is missing
      information on the physiological mechanisms and efficacy of topical warming and cooling
      ointments. Most of the existing literature is about the efficacy of topical non-steroidal
      anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-products on chronic pain in osteoarthritis. Furthermore, one
      study tested the cooling effect of gels with different menthol concentrations. They found
      that, regardless of the concentration, the skin temperature was reduced up to one hour post
      application in the area of application.

      The aim of our study is to evaluate the change of skin characteristics after a single
      application of a warming or cooling topical product on healthy subjects. Outcome parameters
      include skin perfusion, temperature, skin redness and subjective thermal sensation. We only
      selected products in form of alcohol based ointments, menthol or wintergreen oil. Sprays and
      patches were excluded.

      The application area is the unilateral lumbar back region, whereas the contralateral side
      serves as control area. After an acclimatization period, baseline measurements are performed,
      followed by standardized application of the topical product. The local skin responses are
      measured in 10 mins time increments up to one hour.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Basic Science
masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
measure: local skin perfusion
time frame: during one hour post application
description: local skin perfusion will be measured with a laser speckle instrument
measure: local skin redness
time frame: during one hour post application
description: local skin redness (erythema) will be measured with a chromameter
measure: skin surface temperature
time frame: during one hour post application
description: skin surface temperature will be measured with thermochrons, infrared thermometer and thermal imaging camera
measure: local muscle tissue oxygenation
time frame: during one hour post application
description: local muscle tissue oxygenation will be measured with near infrared spectroscopy
measure: subjective temperature sensation
time frame: during one hour post application
description: subjective temperature sensation will be evaluated with a thermal comfort questionnaire
measure: skin perfusion directly next to the application area
time frame: during one hour post application
description: skin perfusion will be measured with a laser speckle instrument
measure: skin redness directly next to the application area
time frame: during one hour post application
description: skin redness (erythema) will be measured with a chromameter
measure: skin temperature directly next to the application area
time frame: during one hour post application
description: skin surface temperature will be measured with thermochrons, infrared thermometer and thermal imaging camera
measure: muscle tissue oxygenation directly next to the application area
time frame: during one hour post application
description: muscle tissue oxygenation will be measured with near infrared spectroscopy
measure: subjective temperature sensation directly next to the application area
time frame: during one hour post application
description: subjective temperature sensation will be evaluated with a thermal comfort questionnaire
arm group label: Axanova hot gel
arm group type: Experimental
description: Intervention: Axanova hot gel is a topical product with a warming effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.
arm group label: Axanova hot gel control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Axanova hot gel control.
arm group label: Axanova activ gel
arm group type: Experimental
description: Intervention: Axanova activ gel is a topical product with a revulsive effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.
arm group label: Axanova activ gel control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Axanova activ gel control.
arm group label: Perskindol Dolo Gel
arm group type: Experimental
description: Intervention: Perskindol Dolo Gel is a topical product with a warming effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.
arm group label: Perskindol Dolo Gel control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Perskindol Dolo Gel control.
arm group label: Perskindol Classic Gel
arm group type: Experimental
description: Intervention: Perskindol Classic Gel is a topical product with a revulsive effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.
arm group label: Perskindol Classic Gel control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Perskindol Classic Gel control.
arm group label: Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel
arm group type: Experimental
description: Intervention: Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel is a topical product with a cooling effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.
arm group label: Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel control.
arm group label: Dolor-X Hot Gel
arm group type: Experimental
description: Intervention: Dolor-X Hot Gel is a topical product with a warming effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.
arm group label: Dolor-X Hot Gel control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Dolor-X Hot Gel control.
arm group label: Dolor-X Classic Gel
arm group type: Experimental
description: Intervention: Dolor-X Classic Gel is a topical product with a revulsive effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.
arm group label: Dolor-X Classic Gel control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Dolor-X Classic Gel control.
arm group label: Dolor-X Cool Gel
arm group type: Experimental
description: Intervention: Dolor-X Cool Gel is a topical product with a cooling effect. In a single application 3g of the product is applied in an area of 10cm x 10cm on the unilateral lumbar back until it has been completely absorbed by the skin.
arm group label: Dolor-X Cool Gel control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: No product application. The contralateral lumbar back side acts as a Dolor-X Cool Gel control.
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Axanova hot gel
description: Axanova hot gel is a topical product with a warming effect. It contains menthol, pine needle oil, wintergreen oil, rosemary oil, eucalyptus oil, incense oil.
arm group label: Axanova hot gel
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Axanova activ gel
description: Axanova activ gel is a topical product with a revulsive effect. It contains menthol, pine needle oil, orange oil, lemon oil, wintergreen oil, glycosaminoglycans.
arm group label: Axanova activ gel
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Perskindol Dolo Gel
description: Perskindol Dolo Gel is a topical product with a warming effect. It contains wintergreen oil, pine needle oil, aromatics, excipients.
arm group label: Perskindol Dolo Gel
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Perskindol Classic Gel
description: Perskindol Classic Gel is a topical product with a revulsive effect. It contains menthol, wintergreen oil, pine needle oil, lemon oil, orange peel oil, lemon bergamot oil, rosemary oil, lavender oil, excipients.
arm group label: Perskindol Classic Gel
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel
description: Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel is a topical product with a cooling effect. It contains levomenthol, color E131, aromatics, excipients.
arm group label: Perskindol Cool Kühl-Gel
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Dolor-X Hot Gel
description: Dolor-X Hot Gel is a topical product with a warming effect. It contains isopropyl alcohol, water, menthol, hyprolose, camphor, trometamol, paprika, wintergreen oil, excipients.
arm group label: Dolor-X Hot Gel
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Dolor-X Classic Gel
description: Dolor-X Classic Gel is a revulsive product. It contains water, isopropyl alcohol, menthol, spruce, hyprolose, trometamol, wintergreen oil, excipients.
arm group label: Dolor-X Classic Gel
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Dolor-X Cool Gel
description: Dolor-X Cool Gel is a cooling product. It contains water, isopropyl alcohol, menthol, trometamol, color E131, excipients.
arm group label: Dolor-X Cool Gel
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 40 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
facility: 
country: Switzerland
responsible party type: Sponsor
sharing ipd: No