<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02978001</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>MetPso</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02978001</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Insulin Sensitivity, Glucose - and Fat Metabolism in Patients With Psoriasis</brief_title>
  <official_title>Insulin Sensitivity, Glucose - and Fat Metabolism in Patients With Psoriasis</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>University Hospital, Gentofte, Copenhagen</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University Hospital, Gentofte, Copenhagen</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the association between psoriasis and type 2&#xD;
      diabetes are largely unknown but it has been hypothesized that systemic inflammation found in&#xD;
      both psoriasis and type 2 diabetes might play a role. In a recent study hyperinsulinaemic&#xD;
      euglycaemic clamps were performed and it showed that normal glucose-tolerant patients with&#xD;
      moderate to severe psoriasis had lower whole-body insulin sensitivity during insulin&#xD;
      stimulation compared to healthy matched controls. Thus, the increased risk of type 2 diabetes&#xD;
      in patients with psoriasis appears to include defects in the glucose metabolism linked to&#xD;
      psoriasis itself. However, the methods applied did not allow a detailed characterization of&#xD;
      the metabolism in patients with psoriasis. Tracer technique combined with indirect&#xD;
      calorimetry has never been applied to study hepatic and whole body insulin sensitivity, and&#xD;
      glucose and fat oxidation, during basal conditions or during insulin stimulation in patients&#xD;
      with psoriasis.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Aim of study:&#xD;
&#xD;
      The aim of this study is to investigate hepatic and whole body insulin sensitivity and&#xD;
      glucose and fat oxidation during both basal and insulin-stimulated conditions in patients&#xD;
      with psoriasis.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Background Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by&#xD;
      uncontrolled proliferation of keratinocytes, activated dendritic cells, release of&#xD;
      pro-inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of T-cells to the skin. The prevalence of&#xD;
      psoriasis is 2-3% worldwide, with similar frequencies in men and women. Psoriasis has been&#xD;
      associated with components of the metabolic syndrome, in particular obesity and type 2&#xD;
      diabetes, and patients with psoriasis are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.&#xD;
      Obesity is twice as prevalent in patients with psoriasis and patients are at increased risk&#xD;
      of developing cardiovascular disease compared to the general population. These co-morbidities&#xD;
      are important to recognize or preferably prevent and treat as they might lead to increased&#xD;
      mortality.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder that develops as a consequence of genetic and&#xD;
      environmental factors such as inadequate physical activity and obesity. The incidence of type&#xD;
      2 diabetes is increasing worldwide and there is a general agreement that it is caused mainly&#xD;
      by the adoption to westernized, sedentary lifestyle. Patients with type 2 diabetes are&#xD;
      characterized by decreased peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, beta cell dysfunction&#xD;
      and impaired glucose and fat oxidation. Muscle insulin resistance has been proposed to&#xD;
      account for as much as 85-90% of the impairment of the peripheral insulin sensitivity&#xD;
      (expressed as the total body glucose disposal) in patients with type 2 diabetes during&#xD;
      insulin stimulation. Multiple intramyocellular defects have been demonstrated, including&#xD;
      impaired glucose transport and phosphorylation, reduced glycogen synthesis, and decreased&#xD;
      glucose oxidation as well as proximal defects in the insulin signal transduction system.&#xD;
      Similar to psoriasis, systemic inflammation occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the association between psoriasis and type 2&#xD;
      diabetes are largely unknown but it has been hypothesized that systemic inflammation found in&#xD;
      both psoriasis and type 2 diabetes might play a role. In a recent study hyperinsulinaemic&#xD;
      euglycaemic clamps were made and it showed that normal glucose-tolerant patients with&#xD;
      moderate to severe psoriasis had lower whole-body insulin sensitivity during insulin&#xD;
      stimulation compared to healthy matched controls. Thus, the increased risk of type 2 diabetes&#xD;
      in patients with psoriasis appears to include defects in the glucose metabolism linked to&#xD;
      psoriasis itself. However, the methods applied did not allow a detailed characterization of&#xD;
      the metabolism in patients with psoriasis. Tracer technique combined with indirect&#xD;
      calorimetry has never been applied to study hepatic and whole body insulin sensitivity, and&#xD;
      glucose and fat oxidation, during basal conditions or during insulin stimulation in patients&#xD;
      with psoriasis.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Methods:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Prior to experimental day 1 and 2 the participants will meet in the morning following a 10&#xD;
      hour fast (including liquids, medication, and tobacco). No alcohol consumption or vigorous&#xD;
      physical activities will be permitted 48 hours before the examination, and all participants&#xD;
      will be requested to eat carbohydrate-rich diet the previous two days. All experiments will&#xD;
      be carried out in the Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of&#xD;
      Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark where the necessary equipment is available.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Experimental day 1: An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and a fibro scan of the&#xD;
      liver will be performed and the second experimental day will be scheduled. Time spent during&#xD;
      experimental day 1 is approximately 4 hours.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) will be performed to determine beta cell function.&#xD;
      A glucose bolus of 0.3 g/kg body weight will be infused over 1 min at t=0 min. Plasma samples&#xD;
      for glucose, C-peptide, insulin and glucagon will be collected at t = -10, - 5, 0, 2, 4, 6,&#xD;
      8, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Body composition is determined prior to Day 2 by DXA scan (Lunar Prodigy Advance GE&#xD;
      Healthcare).&#xD;
&#xD;
      Fibro scan will be performed using a Fibroscan 501® (EchoSensTM, Paris, France) to asses&#xD;
      fibrosis status and steatosis grade of the liver (23). Hepatic elasticity and thus fibrosis&#xD;
      status (expressed as kPa) will be assessed by measuring the transmission speed of the&#xD;
      ultrasound based on the principle that the transmission speed of vibrations passing through&#xD;
      liver tissue increases when hepatic fibrosis is present. Hepatic steatosis will be assessed&#xD;
      by a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) (expressed as decibel per meter (dB/m)) based on&#xD;
      the fact that fat affects ultrasound propagation. A success rate of ≥60% and a ratio of the&#xD;
      interquartile range of liver stiffness to the median ≤30% will be considered reliable and&#xD;
      used for the final analysis.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Experimental day 2: Hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (HEC) combined with stable isotope&#xD;
      infusion, muscle and fat biopsies and indirect calorimetry. Time spent during experimental&#xD;
      day 1 is approximately 7 hours.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Following emptying of the urine bladder, the participants will be placed recumbently in a&#xD;
      bed. Two cannulas will be inserted in the cubital veins: one for collection of arterialized&#xD;
      blood samples and one in the contralateral vein for infusions. The forearm from which blood&#xD;
      samples are drawn will be wrapped in a heating blanket (50°C) throughout the experiment.&#xD;
      Immediately after taking background samples, a primed constant infusion of [6,6-D2]glucose&#xD;
      (D2-glucose) (priming bolus of 40 µmol/kg; continuous infusion rate of 0.4 µmol· min·kg-1)&#xD;
      and [1,1,2,3,3,-D5] glycerol (D5-glycerol) (priming bolus of 1.5 µmol/kg; continuous infusion&#xD;
      rate 0.1 µmol· min·kg-1) will be started (t=0 min) and maintained for 360 min to determine&#xD;
      glucose and glycerol kinetics in the basal and insulin-stimulated state, however the&#xD;
      continuous infusion rates will be changed during insulin infusion. The first steady-state&#xD;
      period will be defined as the last 30 min of the 120-min basal period, when the tracer&#xD;
      equilibria of [D2]glucose and [D5]glycerol are expected; the low grade insulin infusion (10&#xD;
      mU/m2 per min) steady-state period will be defined as the last 30 min of the first insulin&#xD;
      clamp period (210-240 min), during which the infusion rate of D2-glucose will be increased to&#xD;
      0.56 µmol· min·kg-1, and the infusion rate of D5-glycerol will be reduced to 0.05 µmol·&#xD;
      min·kg-1. The high grade insulin infusion (40 mU/m2 per min) steady-state period will be&#xD;
      defined as the last 30 min of the second insulin clamp period (330-360 min), during which the&#xD;
      infusion rate of D2-glucose will be increased to 1.0 µmol· min·kg-1, and the infusion rate of&#xD;
      D5-glycerol will be reduced to 0.025 µmol· min·kg-1. Following the basal steady-state period&#xD;
      at the time point 120 min, a continuous insulin infusion will be initiated and fixed at 10&#xD;
      mU/m2 per min, the infusion rate. At the time point 240 min the continuous insulin infusion&#xD;
      will be primed and raised to 40 mU/m2 per min until the time point 360 min. A variable&#xD;
      infusion of unlabelled glucose (180 g/l) will be used to maintain euglycemia during insulin&#xD;
      infusion. Plasma glucose concentrations will be monitored bedside every 5 min during clamp&#xD;
      using the glucose oxidase method (Yellow Springs Instrument Model 2300 STAT plus analyser,&#xD;
      Yellow Springs, Ohio, USA). The target plasma glucose concentration will be 5 mM. Blood&#xD;
      samples for measuring plasma glucose and glycerol enrichments will be drawn at baseline (0&#xD;
      min) and in the first steady state period (90, 100, 110 and 120 min) and during the&#xD;
      insulin-stimulated steady state period (330, 340, 350 and 360 min). All isotopes will be&#xD;
      purchased from Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories (Andover, MA). Blood samples for measuring&#xD;
      plasma glycerol and lactate will be drawn at baseline and in the first (90 to 120 min),&#xD;
      second (210 to 240 min) and third (330-360 min) steady-state period. Samples for determining&#xD;
      plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon will be drawn at (0, 60, 90, 100, 110, 120, 135, 150,&#xD;
      165, 180, 195, 210, 220, 230, 240, 255, 270, 285, 300, 315, 330, 340, 350, 360 min). Blood&#xD;
      samples for determining FFAs, HbA1c, total-, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)- -, Low Density&#xD;
      Lipoprotein (LDL)- and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides&#xD;
      will be drawn at baseline, and blood samples for measuring FFAs in the insulin-stimulated&#xD;
      state will be drawn at 240 and 360 min. Urine samples will be collected at 0, 120, 240 and&#xD;
      360 min.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Indirect calorimetry will be performed during basal (90-120 min), low (210-240 min) and high&#xD;
      grade (330-360 min) insulin-stimulated steady-state to determine oxygen consumption (V02) and&#xD;
      carbon dioxide production (VC02). A flow-through canopy gas analyser will be used, as&#xD;
      described by (25). The average gas exchange over the three 30-min steady-state periods (basal&#xD;
      and insulin-stimulated) will be used to calculate rates of glucose and fat oxidation.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Muscle and fat biopsies will be performed in the end of the basal (t=120 min) and high grade&#xD;
      insulin-stimulated (t=360 min) steady-state periods. Muscle and fat biopsies will be obtained&#xD;
      under local anaesthesia, from musculi vastus lateralis and subcutaneous abdominal fat using a&#xD;
      modified Bergström's needle (including suction) at 120 (basal) and 360 min (high grade&#xD;
      insulin-stimulated). Biopsies will be frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80ºC for later&#xD;
      analysis. The total amount of extracted tissue will amount to 400-600 mg.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date>August 2016</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">January 1, 2019</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">January 1, 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Case-Control</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Insulin sensitivity</measure>
    <time_frame>6 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Experimental day 2</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Non-oxidative glucose metabolism</measure>
    <time_frame>6 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Experimental day 2</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Endogenous glucose production</measure>
    <time_frame>6 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Experimental day 2</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Lipolysis</measure>
    <time_frame>6 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Experimental day 2</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>glucose oxidation</measure>
    <time_frame>6 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Experimental day 2</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Fat oxidation</measure>
    <time_frame>6 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Experimental day 2</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Molecular changes in muscle and fat tissue</measure>
    <time_frame>6 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Experimental day 2</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Beta-cell secretion rate</measure>
    <time_frame>1 hour</time_frame>
    <description>Experimental day 1</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>2</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Actual">32</enrollment>
  <condition>Insulin Sensitivity</condition>
  <condition>Metabolism Disorder</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Patients with Psoriasis</arm_group_label>
    <description>Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis (PASI&gt;8)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Healthy Control Subjects</arm_group_label>
    <description>Healthy subjects matching the patients with psoriasis regarding age, gender and BMI</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Stabile Isotope tracers</intervention_name>
    <description>Non-radioactive tracers used in hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp</description>
    <arm_group_label>Healthy Control Subjects</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Patients with Psoriasis</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>[6,6-D2]glucose, [1,1,2,3,3,-D5]glycerol</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <biospec_retention>Samples With DNA</biospec_retention>
  <biospec_descr>
    <textblock>
      Muscle and fat biopsies. Blood samples.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </biospec_descr>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        Caucasian adults&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) &gt;8&#xD;
             (exclusively for the patient group)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) below 6 mM and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≤42&#xD;
             mmol/mol(6.0%)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Normal haemoglobin&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Informed consent&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Diabetes (type 1 and type 2 diabetes)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  First degree relatives with diabetes&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Other chronic inflammatory diseases&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnancy or breast feeding&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Psychiatric diseases&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Treatment with drugs that might affect the glucose metabolism within a month prior to&#xD;
             the project&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Nephropathy (serum creatinine &gt;130 µM and/or albuminuria)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Liver disease (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or serum aspartate aminotransferase&#xD;
             (AST) &gt;2×normal values)&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>75 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, Denmark</name>
      <address>
        <city>Hellerup</city>
        <state>Copenhagen</state>
        <zip>2100</zip>
        <country>Denmark</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Denmark</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>August 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>November 26, 2016</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>November 26, 2016</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">November 30, 2016</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 22, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 22, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 28, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University Hospital, Gentofte, Copenhagen</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Filip Krag Knop</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Psoriasis</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Insulin Resistance</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Metabolic Diseases</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Hypersensitivity</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Glycerol</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02978001
org study id: MetPso
nct id: NCT02978001
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the association between psoriasis and type 2
      diabetes are largely unknown but it has been hypothesized that systemic inflammation found in
      both psoriasis and type 2 diabetes might play a role. In a recent study hyperinsulinaemic
      euglycaemic clamps were performed and it showed that normal glucose-tolerant patients with
      moderate to severe psoriasis had lower whole-body insulin sensitivity during insulin
      stimulation compared to healthy matched controls. Thus, the increased risk of type 2 diabetes
      in patients with psoriasis appears to include defects in the glucose metabolism linked to
      psoriasis itself. However, the methods applied did not allow a detailed characterization of
      the metabolism in patients with psoriasis. Tracer technique combined with indirect
      calorimetry has never been applied to study hepatic and whole body insulin sensitivity, and
      glucose and fat oxidation, during basal conditions or during insulin stimulation in patients
      with psoriasis.

      Aim of study:

      The aim of this study is to investigate hepatic and whole body insulin sensitivity and
      glucose and fat oxidation during both basal and insulin-stimulated conditions in patients
      with psoriasis.
Background Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by
      uncontrolled proliferation of keratinocytes, activated dendritic cells, release of
      pro-inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of T-cells to the skin. The prevalence of
      psoriasis is 2-3% worldwide, with similar frequencies in men and women. Psoriasis has been
      associated with components of the metabolic syndrome, in particular obesity and type 2
      diabetes, and patients with psoriasis are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
      Obesity is twice as prevalent in patients with psoriasis and patients are at increased risk
      of developing cardiovascular disease compared to the general population. These co-morbidities
      are important to recognize or preferably prevent and treat as they might lead to increased
      mortality.

      Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder that develops as a consequence of genetic and
      environmental factors such as inadequate physical activity and obesity. The incidence of type
      2 diabetes is increasing worldwide and there is a general agreement that it is caused mainly
      by the adoption to westernized, sedentary lifestyle. Patients with type 2 diabetes are
      characterized by decreased peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, beta cell dysfunction
      and impaired glucose and fat oxidation. Muscle insulin resistance has been proposed to
      account for as much as 85-90% of the impairment of the peripheral insulin sensitivity
      (expressed as the total body glucose disposal) in patients with type 2 diabetes during
      insulin stimulation. Multiple intramyocellular defects have been demonstrated, including
      impaired glucose transport and phosphorylation, reduced glycogen synthesis, and decreased
      glucose oxidation as well as proximal defects in the insulin signal transduction system.
      Similar to psoriasis, systemic inflammation occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes.

      The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the association between psoriasis and type 2
      diabetes are largely unknown but it has been hypothesized that systemic inflammation found in
      both psoriasis and type 2 diabetes might play a role. In a recent study hyperinsulinaemic
      euglycaemic clamps were made and it showed that normal glucose-tolerant patients with
      moderate to severe psoriasis had lower whole-body insulin sensitivity during insulin
      stimulation compared to healthy matched controls. Thus, the increased risk of type 2 diabetes
      in patients with psoriasis appears to include defects in the glucose metabolism linked to
      psoriasis itself. However, the methods applied did not allow a detailed characterization of
      the metabolism in patients with psoriasis. Tracer technique combined with indirect
      calorimetry has never been applied to study hepatic and whole body insulin sensitivity, and
      glucose and fat oxidation, during basal conditions or during insulin stimulation in patients
      with psoriasis.

      Methods:

      Prior to experimental day 1 and 2 the participants will meet in the morning following a 10
      hour fast (including liquids, medication, and tobacco). No alcohol consumption or vigorous
      physical activities will be permitted 48 hours before the examination, and all participants
      will be requested to eat carbohydrate-rich diet the previous two days. All experiments will
      be carried out in the Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of
      Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark where the necessary equipment is available.

      Experimental day 1: An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and a fibro scan of the
      liver will be performed and the second experimental day will be scheduled. Time spent during
      experimental day 1 is approximately 4 hours.

      Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) will be performed to determine beta cell function.
      A glucose bolus of 0.3 g/kg body weight will be infused over 1 min at t=0 min. Plasma samples
      for glucose, C-peptide, insulin and glucagon will be collected at t = -10, - 5, 0, 2, 4, 6,
      8, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min.

      Body composition is determined prior to Day 2 by DXA scan (Lunar Prodigy Advance GE
      Healthcare).

      Fibro scan will be performed using a Fibroscan 501® (EchoSensTM, Paris, France) to asses
      fibrosis status and steatosis grade of the liver (23). Hepatic elasticity and thus fibrosis
      status (expressed as kPa) will be assessed by measuring the transmission speed of the
      ultrasound based on the principle that the transmission speed of vibrations passing through
      liver tissue increases when hepatic fibrosis is present. Hepatic steatosis will be assessed
      by a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) (expressed as decibel per meter (dB/m)) based on
      the fact that fat affects ultrasound propagation. A success rate of ≥60% and a ratio of the
      interquartile range of liver stiffness to the median ≤30% will be considered reliable and
      used for the final analysis.

      Experimental day 2: Hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (HEC) combined with stable isotope
      infusion, muscle and fat biopsies and indirect calorimetry. Time spent during experimental
      day 1 is approximately 7 hours.

      Following emptying of the urine bladder, the participants will be placed recumbently in a
      bed. Two cannulas will be inserted in the cubital veins: one for collection of arterialized
      blood samples and one in the contralateral vein for infusions. The forearm from which blood
      samples are drawn will be wrapped in a heating blanket (50°C) throughout the experiment.
      Immediately after taking background samples, a primed constant infusion of [6,6-D2]glucose
      (D2-glucose) (priming bolus of 40 µmol/kg; continuous infusion rate of 0.4 µmol· min·kg-1)
      and [1,1,2,3,3,-D5] glycerol (D5-glycerol) (priming bolus of 1.5 µmol/kg; continuous infusion
      rate 0.1 µmol· min·kg-1) will be started (t=0 min) and maintained for 360 min to determine
      glucose and glycerol kinetics in the basal and insulin-stimulated state, however the
      continuous infusion rates will be changed during insulin infusion. The first steady-state
      period will be defined as the last 30 min of the 120-min basal period, when the tracer
      equilibria of [D2]glucose and [D5]glycerol are expected; the low grade insulin infusion (10
      mU/m2 per min) steady-state period will be defined as the last 30 min of the first insulin
      clamp period (210-240 min), during which the infusion rate of D2-glucose will be increased to
      0.56 µmol· min·kg-1, and the infusion rate of D5-glycerol will be reduced to 0.05 µmol·
      min·kg-1. The high grade insulin infusion (40 mU/m2 per min) steady-state period will be
      defined as the last 30 min of the second insulin clamp period (330-360 min), during which the
      infusion rate of D2-glucose will be increased to 1.0 µmol· min·kg-1, and the infusion rate of
      D5-glycerol will be reduced to 0.025 µmol· min·kg-1. Following the basal steady-state period
      at the time point 120 min, a continuous insulin infusion will be initiated and fixed at 10
      mU/m2 per min, the infusion rate. At the time point 240 min the continuous insulin infusion
      will be primed and raised to 40 mU/m2 per min until the time point 360 min. A variable
      infusion of unlabelled glucose (180 g/l) will be used to maintain euglycemia during insulin
      infusion. Plasma glucose concentrations will be monitored bedside every 5 min during clamp
      using the glucose oxidase method (Yellow Springs Instrument Model 2300 STAT plus analyser,
      Yellow Springs, Ohio, USA). The target plasma glucose concentration will be 5 mM. Blood
      samples for measuring plasma glucose and glycerol enrichments will be drawn at baseline (0
      min) and in the first steady state period (90, 100, 110 and 120 min) and during the
      insulin-stimulated steady state period (330, 340, 350 and 360 min). All isotopes will be
      purchased from Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories (Andover, MA). Blood samples for measuring
      plasma glycerol and lactate will be drawn at baseline and in the first (90 to 120 min),
      second (210 to 240 min) and third (330-360 min) steady-state period. Samples for determining
      plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon will be drawn at (0, 60, 90, 100, 110, 120, 135, 150,
      165, 180, 195, 210, 220, 230, 240, 255, 270, 285, 300, 315, 330, 340, 350, 360 min). Blood
      samples for determining FFAs, HbA1c, total-, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)- -, Low Density
      Lipoprotein (LDL)- and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides
      will be drawn at baseline, and blood samples for measuring FFAs in the insulin-stimulated
      state will be drawn at 240 and 360 min. Urine samples will be collected at 0, 120, 240 and
      360 min.

      Indirect calorimetry will be performed during basal (90-120 min), low (210-240 min) and high
      grade (330-360 min) insulin-stimulated steady-state to determine oxygen consumption (V02) and
      carbon dioxide production (VC02). A flow-through canopy gas analyser will be used, as
      described by (25). The average gas exchange over the three 30-min steady-state periods (basal
      and insulin-stimulated) will be used to calculate rates of glucose and fat oxidation.

      Muscle and fat biopsies will be performed in the end of the basal (t=120 min) and high grade
      insulin-stimulated (t=360 min) steady-state periods. Muscle and fat biopsies will be obtained
      under local anaesthesia, from musculi vastus lateralis and subcutaneous abdominal fat using a
      modified Bergström's needle (including suction) at 120 (basal) and 360 min (high grade
      insulin-stimulated). Biopsies will be frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80ºC for later
      analysis. The total amount of extracted tissue will amount to 400-600 mg.
observational model: Case-Control
time perspective: Prospective
measure: Insulin sensitivity
time frame: 6 hours
description: Experimental day 2
measure: Non-oxidative glucose metabolism
time frame: 6 hours
description: Experimental day 2
measure: Endogenous glucose production
time frame: 6 hours
description: Experimental day 2
measure: Lipolysis
time frame: 6 hours
description: Experimental day 2
measure: glucose oxidation
time frame: 6 hours
description: Experimental day 2
measure: Fat oxidation
time frame: 6 hours
description: Experimental day 2
measure: Molecular changes in muscle and fat tissue
time frame: 6 hours
description: Experimental day 2
measure: Beta-cell secretion rate
time frame: 1 hour
description: Experimental day 1
arm group label: Patients with Psoriasis
description: Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis (PASI>8)
arm group label: Healthy Control Subjects
description: Healthy subjects matching the patients with psoriasis regarding age, gender and BMI
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Stabile Isotope tracers
description: Non-radioactive tracers used in hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp
arm group label: Healthy Control Subjects
arm group label: Patients with Psoriasis
other name: [6,6-D2]glucose, [1,1,2,3,3,-D5]glycerol
Muscle and fat biopsies. Blood samples.
study pop: 
sampling method: Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 75 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
facility: 
country: Denmark
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: University Hospital, Gentofte, Copenhagen
investigator full name: Filip Krag Knop
investigator title: Professor
mesh term: Psoriasis
mesh term: Insulin Resistance
mesh term: Metabolic Diseases
mesh term: Hypersensitivity
mesh term: Glycerol
sharing ipd: No