<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02985359</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>00005237</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02985359</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Impact Evaluation of the WFP-Implemented Nutrition Program in Malawi</brief_title>
  <official_title>Impact Evaluation of the WFP-Implemented Nutrition Program in Malawi</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>United Nations World Food Programme (WFP)</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Kamuzu University of Health Sciences</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Children's Investment Fund Foundation</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The goal of this evaluation is to assess the impact of a 3.5 year, World Food Program (WFP)&#xD;
      supplemental child feeding and nutrition services program in reducing stunting and improving&#xD;
      linear growth in children from 6 through 24 months of age in a rural district of Malawi.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The prevalence of child stunting is high (~47%) in Malawi. In response, the Government of&#xD;
      Malawi, with technical support from WFP, launched a 3.5 year of comprehensive nutrition&#xD;
      program that provides a small quantity of Lipid-based Nutrient Supplement (LNS) and a&#xD;
      comprehensive infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and water and sanitation, and hygiene&#xD;
      (WASH) social and behavior change communications (SBCC) package.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the comprehensive nutrition program in&#xD;
      reducing stunting and improving linear growth in children from 6 through 24 months of age and&#xD;
      improving infant and young child feeding knowledge and practices in rural Malawi. The study&#xD;
      design is quasi-experimental with one program district and one comparison district. The&#xD;
      program impact will be evaluated using three rounds of cross-sectional panel data at baseline&#xD;
      (January-March, 2014), midline (January-March, 2015), and endline (January-March, 2017).&#xD;
      Required sample size for cross-sectional panel is (n = 2400; 1200 per district at each time&#xD;
      point) and for pregnant and lactating Women (n = 1200; 600 per district at each time point).&#xD;
&#xD;
      The study also includes the following components:&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Longitudinal study: Two longitudinal cohorts of children (derived from children aged 6-7&#xD;
           months assessed at baseline and mid-line) are followed every 6 months through 24 months&#xD;
           of age. Sample size will be ~132; 66 per district in each cohort. As children in the&#xD;
           main study, this group will be assessed for their anthropometry.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Qualitative study: this qualitative study aims to better understand facilitators and&#xD;
           barriers to program participation, and factors that influence behavior change among&#xD;
           target households. In-depth interviews (IDI) with mothers (n=34) and household members&#xD;
           (n=15), and focus group discussions (FGD) with community leaders (n=1 of 11 village&#xD;
           chiefs) and program staff (n=1 with 12 community leaders of actions on nutrition (CLAN)&#xD;
           and n=2 with a total of 21 care group volunteers [CGV]) will elucidate their perceptions&#xD;
           of the program, the Nutributter (NB), and the SBCC messages.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Process evaluation: The process evaluation will focus on describing and testing the&#xD;
           program's implementation theory by evaluating and documenting program inputs,&#xD;
           implementation processes and delivery, and outputs. The process evaluation will begin&#xD;
           with a broad collection and review of available program documents and data, which are&#xD;
           used for the development of the implementation and program theories. To the extent&#xD;
           possible, this study will use existing coverage and utilization data from the program's&#xD;
           monitoring systems, and will collect additional data needed to fully diagram and&#xD;
           understand program implementation activities, procedures, and fidelity to program&#xD;
           design. As a final step, the results of the process evaluation will be used to&#xD;
           illustrate the program implementation activities that may be expected to contribute to&#xD;
           program impacts.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -  Cost effectiveness study: In addition to calculating the cost per child covered by the&#xD;
           nutrition program in Ntchisi, Malawi, the investigators will use an incremental&#xD;
           cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) approach to report on cost per case of stunting averted&#xD;
           and cost per 0.1 unit change in mean length-for-age z-score (LAZ).&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date>January 2014</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">May 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">May 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Other</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Cross-Sectional</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in the prevalence of stunting (%)</measure>
    <time_frame>Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)</time_frame>
    <description>Children will be measured for their length (cm) among children 6 to 23 months of age. The length measures will be used to create indices of length-for-age (LAZ) z-score based on the WHO child growth standards (WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group 2006). The prevalence of stunting (%) is defined as LAZ&lt;-2. The prevalence of stunting (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of stunting (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at midline (1 year of program implementation). The prevalence of stunting (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline (3 years), adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of stunting (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at endline (3 years of program implementation).</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in the prevalence of wasting (%)</measure>
    <time_frame>Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)</time_frame>
    <description>Children will be measured for their length (cm) and weight (kg) among children 6 to 23 months of age. The length and weight measures will be used to create indices of weight-for-length (WLZ) z-score based on the WHO child growth standards (WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group 2006). The prevalence of wasting (%) is defined as WLZ&lt;-2. The prevalence of wasting (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of wasting (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at midline (1 year of program implementation). The prevalence of wasting (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline (3 years), adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of wasting (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at endline (3 years of program implementation).</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in the prevalence of underweight (%)</measure>
    <time_frame>Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)</time_frame>
    <description>Children will be measured for their weight (kg) among children 6 to 23 months of age. The weight measures will be used to create indices of weight-for-age (WAZ) z-score based on the WHO child growth standards (WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group 2006). The prevalence of underweight (%) is defined as WAZ&lt;-2. The prevalence of underweight (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of underweight (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at midline (1 year of program implementation). The prevalence of underweight (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline (3 years), adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of underweight (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at endline (3 years of program implementation).</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in the prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) (%)</measure>
    <time_frame>Will assess at baseline and end line (3 years) among a subsample</time_frame>
    <description>Hemoglobin concentration (g/dl) will be assessed on a subsample of mothers and children and used to assess Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) (%). The investigators will assess the differences in the IDA (%) among a subsample of mothers and children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline (3 years), adjusting for the difference in the IDA (%) at baseline between two areas.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in the proportion of caregiver knowledge and attitude about infant and young child feeding (IYCF) (%)</measure>
    <time_frame>Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)</time_frame>
    <description>The investigators will assess the IYCF knowledge and attitude (%) among caregivers of children 6-23 months of age. The proportion of IYCF knowledge and attitude (%) among caregivers in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of IYCF knowledge and attitude (%) at baseline between two areas will be a secondary outcome at midline (1 year of program implementation). The proportion of IYCF knowledge and attitude (%) among caregivers in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of IYCF knowledge and attitude (%) at baseline between two areas will be a secondary outcome at endline (3 year of program implementation).</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in the proportion of caregiver knowledge, attitude and practice about infant and young child feeding (IYCF) (%)</measure>
    <time_frame>Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)</time_frame>
    <description>The investigators will assess the differences in the IYCF knowledge, attitude and practice (%) among caregivers of children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) and at endline (3 years), adjusting for the difference in the IYCF knowledge, attitude, and practice at baseline between two areas.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in caregiver practice about handwashing</measure>
    <time_frame>Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)</time_frame>
    <description>The investigators will assess the hand washing practice (%) among caregivers of children 6-23 months of age. The proportion of hand washing practice (%) among caregivers in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of hand washing practice %) at baseline between two areas will be a secondary outcome at midline (1 year of program implementation). The proportion of hand washing practice (%) among caregivers in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of hand washing practice (%) at baseline between two areas will be a secondary outcome at endline (3 year of program implementation).</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>2</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Actual">556</enrollment>
  <condition>Undernutrition</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Comparison district</arm_group_label>
    <description>Existing routine community health services by government</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Program district</arm_group_label>
    <description>In addition to existing routine community health services by the government, daily 20g Nutributter (Lipid-based Nutrient Supplement, LNS) will be provided to children 6 to 24 month of age and caregivers will participate in Social and Behavior Change Communications (SBCC) activities including the promotion of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) behaviors and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors will be conducted with caregivers.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Dietary Supplement</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Nutributter</intervention_name>
    <description>Daily 20g Nutributter provided to children 6 to 24 month of age</description>
    <arm_group_label>Program district</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Lipid-based nutrient supplement</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Social Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC)</intervention_name>
    <description>Social Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC) activity focused on improving infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) behaviors through community groups.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Program district</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <biospec_retention>Samples Without DNA</biospec_retention>
  <biospec_descr>
    <textblock>
      Collection of Dried Blood Spots&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </biospec_descr>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        In both program and comparison sites the investigators will conduct baseline, midline (1&#xD;
        y), and endline (3 y) panel surveys among children 6-23 months of age and pregnant and&#xD;
        lactating women in rural Malawi&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Children who live in villages sampled for the cross-sectional survey&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Children between 6.0 and 23.9 months of age&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnant and lactating women who live in villages sampled for the cross-sectional&#xD;
             survey&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnant or lactating women with a child between the age of 0 to 5.9 months&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        • None&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>6 Months</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Kristen Hurley, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Wadonda Consult Ltd</name>
      <address>
        <city>Zomba</city>
        <country>Malawi</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Malawi</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>August 2017</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>June 24, 2016</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 5, 2016</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">December 7, 2016</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 15, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 15, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">August 18, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Kristen Hurley</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Assistant Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Program impact evaluation</keyword>
  <keyword>Malawi</keyword>
  <keyword>Lipid-based nutrient supplements</keyword>
  <keyword>Social behavior change communication</keyword>
  <keyword>Childhood stunting</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Malnutrition</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02985359
org study id: 00005237
nct id: NCT02985359
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
The goal of this evaluation is to assess the impact of a 3.5 year, World Food Program (WFP)
      supplemental child feeding and nutrition services program in reducing stunting and improving
      linear growth in children from 6 through 24 months of age in a rural district of Malawi.
The prevalence of child stunting is high (~47%) in Malawi. In response, the Government of
      Malawi, with technical support from WFP, launched a 3.5 year of comprehensive nutrition
      program that provides a small quantity of Lipid-based Nutrient Supplement (LNS) and a
      comprehensive infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and water and sanitation, and hygiene
      (WASH) social and behavior change communications (SBCC) package.

      The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the comprehensive nutrition program in
      reducing stunting and improving linear growth in children from 6 through 24 months of age and
      improving infant and young child feeding knowledge and practices in rural Malawi. The study
      design is quasi-experimental with one program district and one comparison district. The
      program impact will be evaluated using three rounds of cross-sectional panel data at baseline
      (January-March, 2014), midline (January-March, 2015), and endline (January-March, 2017).
      Required sample size for cross-sectional panel is (n = 2400; 1200 per district at each time
      point) and for pregnant and lactating Women (n = 1200; 600 per district at each time point).

      The study also includes the following components:

        -  Longitudinal study: Two longitudinal cohorts of children (derived from children aged 6-7
           months assessed at baseline and mid-line) are followed every 6 months through 24 months
           of age. Sample size will be ~132; 66 per district in each cohort. As children in the
           main study, this group will be assessed for their anthropometry.

        -  Qualitative study: this qualitative study aims to better understand facilitators and
           barriers to program participation, and factors that influence behavior change among
           target households. In-depth interviews (IDI) with mothers (n=34) and household members
           (n=15), and focus group discussions (FGD) with community leaders (n=1 of 11 village
           chiefs) and program staff (n=1 with 12 community leaders of actions on nutrition (CLAN)
           and n=2 with a total of 21 care group volunteers [CGV]) will elucidate their perceptions
           of the program, the Nutributter (NB), and the SBCC messages.

        -  Process evaluation: The process evaluation will focus on describing and testing the
           program's implementation theory by evaluating and documenting program inputs,
           implementation processes and delivery, and outputs. The process evaluation will begin
           with a broad collection and review of available program documents and data, which are
           used for the development of the implementation and program theories. To the extent
           possible, this study will use existing coverage and utilization data from the program's
           monitoring systems, and will collect additional data needed to fully diagram and
           understand program implementation activities, procedures, and fidelity to program
           design. As a final step, the results of the process evaluation will be used to
           illustrate the program implementation activities that may be expected to contribute to
           program impacts.

        -  Cost effectiveness study: In addition to calculating the cost per child covered by the
           nutrition program in Ntchisi, Malawi, the investigators will use an incremental
           cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) approach to report on cost per case of stunting averted
           and cost per 0.1 unit change in mean length-for-age z-score (LAZ).
observational model: Other
time perspective: Cross-Sectional
measure: Change in the prevalence of stunting (%)
time frame: Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)
description: Children will be measured for their length (cm) among children 6 to 23 months of age. The length measures will be used to create indices of length-for-age (LAZ) z-score based on the WHO child growth standards (WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group 2006). The prevalence of stunting (%) is defined as LAZ<-2. The prevalence of stunting (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of stunting (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at midline (1 year of program implementation). The prevalence of stunting (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline (3 years), adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of stunting (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at endline (3 years of program implementation).
measure: Change in the prevalence of wasting (%)
time frame: Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)
description: Children will be measured for their length (cm) and weight (kg) among children 6 to 23 months of age. The length and weight measures will be used to create indices of weight-for-length (WLZ) z-score based on the WHO child growth standards (WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group 2006). The prevalence of wasting (%) is defined as WLZ<-2. The prevalence of wasting (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of wasting (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at midline (1 year of program implementation). The prevalence of wasting (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline (3 years), adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of wasting (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at endline (3 years of program implementation).
measure: Change in the prevalence of underweight (%)
time frame: Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)
description: Children will be measured for their weight (kg) among children 6 to 23 months of age. The weight measures will be used to create indices of weight-for-age (WAZ) z-score based on the WHO child growth standards (WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group 2006). The prevalence of underweight (%) is defined as WAZ<-2. The prevalence of underweight (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of underweight (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at midline (1 year of program implementation). The prevalence of underweight (%) among children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline (3 years), adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of underweight (%) at baseline between two areas will be a primary outcome at endline (3 years of program implementation).
measure: Change in the prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) (%)
time frame: Will assess at baseline and end line (3 years) among a subsample
description: Hemoglobin concentration (g/dl) will be assessed on a subsample of mothers and children and used to assess Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) (%). The investigators will assess the differences in the IDA (%) among a subsample of mothers and children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline (3 years), adjusting for the difference in the IDA (%) at baseline between two areas.
measure: Change in the proportion of caregiver knowledge and attitude about infant and young child feeding (IYCF) (%)
time frame: Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)
description: The investigators will assess the IYCF knowledge and attitude (%) among caregivers of children 6-23 months of age. The proportion of IYCF knowledge and attitude (%) among caregivers in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of IYCF knowledge and attitude (%) at baseline between two areas will be a secondary outcome at midline (1 year of program implementation). The proportion of IYCF knowledge and attitude (%) among caregivers in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of IYCF knowledge and attitude (%) at baseline between two areas will be a secondary outcome at endline (3 year of program implementation).
measure: Change in the proportion of caregiver knowledge, attitude and practice about infant and young child feeding (IYCF) (%)
time frame: Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)
description: The investigators will assess the differences in the IYCF knowledge, attitude and practice (%) among caregivers of children 6-23 months of age in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) and at endline (3 years), adjusting for the difference in the IYCF knowledge, attitude, and practice at baseline between two areas.
measure: Change in caregiver practice about handwashing
time frame: Will assess at baseline, midline (1 year), and end line (3 years)
description: The investigators will assess the hand washing practice (%) among caregivers of children 6-23 months of age. The proportion of hand washing practice (%) among caregivers in the WFP program versus comparison areas at midline (1 year) adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of hand washing practice %) at baseline between two areas will be a secondary outcome at midline (1 year of program implementation). The proportion of hand washing practice (%) among caregivers in the WFP program versus comparison areas at endline adjusting for the difference in the prevalence of hand washing practice (%) at baseline between two areas will be a secondary outcome at endline (3 year of program implementation).
arm group label: Comparison district
description: Existing routine community health services by government
arm group label: Program district
description: In addition to existing routine community health services by the government, daily 20g Nutributter (Lipid-based Nutrient Supplement, LNS) will be provided to children 6 to 24 month of age and caregivers will participate in Social and Behavior Change Communications (SBCC) activities including the promotion of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) behaviors and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors will be conducted with caregivers.
intervention type: Dietary Supplement
intervention name: Nutributter
description: Daily 20g Nutributter provided to children 6 to 24 month of age
arm group label: Program district
other name: Lipid-based nutrient supplement
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Social Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC)
description: Social Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC) activity focused on improving infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) behaviors through community groups.
arm group label: Program district
Collection of Dried Blood Spots
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 6 Months
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Kristen Hurley, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
facility: 
country: Malawi
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
investigator full name: Kristen Hurley
investigator title: Assistant Professor
mesh term: Malnutrition
sharing ipd: Undecided