<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02986269</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>VINHO</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02986269</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>PSV on Ventilation Inhomogeneity and Lung Function in Patients Under SB Across LMA</brief_title>
  <acronym>VINHO</acronym>
  <official_title>The Value of Pressure Support on Ventilation Inhomogeneity and Lung Function in Patients Under Spontaneous Breathing (SB)Across Laryngeal Mask Airway</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Walid HABRE</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>University Hospital, Geneva</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      General anesthesia has been demonstrated to have a negative impact on lung function. Both&#xD;
      surgery and patient position influence the perioperative lung function. Laryngeal mask airway&#xD;
      (LMA) has been proved to be safe and efficient to maintain the airways patent during general&#xD;
      anesthesia. Pressure support ventilation (PSV) with LMA is routinely used in clinical&#xD;
      practice. The aim of the present trial is to characterize perioperative changes in lung&#xD;
      volume, ventilation inhomogeneity and respiratory mechanics in patients in the lithotomy&#xD;
      position and spontaneously breathing through LMA with and without PSV.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      This study is a randomized controlled trial. Participants for this study will be recruited&#xD;
      from the Gynecological department of the University Hospitals of Geneva, scheduled for&#xD;
      gynecological procedures in the lithotomy position under general anesthesia. A total of 40&#xD;
      patients will be enrolled and randomly assigned into 2 groups: Group SB (spontaneously&#xD;
      breathing without PSV) and Group PSV (spontaneously breathing with PSV). Measurements of&#xD;
      end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and ventilation inhomogeneity will be performed in all&#xD;
      patients with a nitrogen multiple breath washout method, before and 1 hour after surgery.&#xD;
      Similarly, airway resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) will be measured at the same time by&#xD;
      using the Forced Oscillation Technique.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The primary endpoint: Perioperative changes in ventilation inhomogeneity (LCI) and&#xD;
      respiratory mechanics (Rrs and Xrs) of patients, positioned in lithotomy and undergoing&#xD;
      general anesthesia while breathing spontaneously through LMA with or without PSV.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The secondary endpoints: Presence of respiratory complications, oxygen need in the recovery&#xD;
      room, length of stay in the recovery room and in the hospital. Correlation between duration&#xD;
      of positioning and surgery with lung function and volume measurements.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Relevance: There are no studies that addressed the value of pressure support ventilation to&#xD;
      overcome the potential changes in lung function following spontaneous ventilation across a&#xD;
      LMA in the lithotomy position.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">April 13, 2018</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">September 16, 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">September 16, 2021</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Other</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Perioperative changes in ventilation inhomogeneity (LCI)</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of 12 hours</time_frame>
    <description>LCI will be derived from the nitrogen multiple breath washout technique that will be applied before and after general anesthesia for gynecology in the lithotomy position with patients breathing spontaneously through a LMA with and without pressure support.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Alterations in end expiratory lung volume in ml/kg (EELV)</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of 12 hours</time_frame>
    <description>EELV will be measured from the nitrogen multiple breath washout technique that will be applied before and after general anesthesia for gynecology in the lithotomy position with patients breathing spontaneously through a LMA with and without pressure support.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in respiratory system compliance (Crs)</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of 12 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Crs will be measured by the forced oscillation technique</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in airway resistance (Raw)</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of 12 hours</time_frame>
    <description>Raw will be measured by the forced oscillation technique</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Perioperative respiratory complications</measure>
    <time_frame>Through study completion, an average of 12 hours</time_frame>
    <description>any respiratory complications (apnoea/ bradypnoea, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, oxygen desaturation &lt;90%/ hypoxemia, hypoventilation/ atelectasis, pulmonary embolism, cough and /or airway obstruction</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">40</enrollment>
  <condition>Respiratory Function Tests</condition>
  <condition>Anesthesia, General</condition>
  <condition>Patient Positioning</condition>
  <condition>Ventilation</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Group SB</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Patient is scheduled for elective conisation or hysteroscopy under general anesthesia. The ventilation mode for this group is spontaneous breathing(SB) without pressure support ventilation (PSV) under laryngeal mask airway (LMA).&#xD;
General anesthesia across LMA under SB without PSV</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Group PSV</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>General anesthesia across LMA under SB with PSV Patient is scheduled for elective conisation or hysteroscopy under general anesthesia. The ventilation mode for this group is SB with PSV under LMA.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>general anesthesia across LMA</intervention_name>
    <description>general anesthesia across LMA</description>
    <arm_group_label>Group PSV</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Group SB</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Spontaneous breathing(SB)</intervention_name>
    <description>general anesthesia across LMA under SB without PSV</description>
    <arm_group_label>Group PSV</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_label>Group SB</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Pressure Support Ventilation</intervention_name>
    <description>general anesthesia across LMA under SB with PSV</description>
    <arm_group_label>Group PSV</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        - American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade, adult female&#xD;
        patients, aged between 18 and 50 years scheduled for elective gynecological surgery in the&#xD;
        lithotomy position.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. Age&lt;18 years and &gt;50 years old&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. ASA score of III-V&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. Patients with a potentially difficult airway (cervical spine disease, Mallampati&#xD;
             classification III or IV or mouth opening of &lt;2.5 cm)&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. Risk of regurgitation/aspiration(previous upper gastrointestinal tract surgery, known&#xD;
             or symptomatic hiatus hernia, oesophageal reflux, peptic ulceration or not fasted)&#xD;
&#xD;
          5. Respiratory diseases(bronchial asthma requiring therapy)&#xD;
&#xD;
          6. Patient refusal&#xD;
&#xD;
          7. Malignant hyperthermia history&#xD;
&#xD;
          8. Sore throat within 10 days&#xD;
&#xD;
          9. Body mass index (BMI) &gt;30 kg/m2&#xD;
&#xD;
         10. Cardiac disease associated with dyspnea more than New York Heart Association II&#xD;
&#xD;
         11. Severe psychiatric disorder.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Female</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>50 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Walid HABRE, MD,PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>University Hospitals of Geneva</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>University Hospitals of Geneva</name>
      <address>
        <city>Geneva</city>
        <zip>1206</zip>
        <country>Switzerland</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Switzerland</country>
  </location_countries>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Tiefenthaler W, Pehboeck D, Hammerle E, Kavakebi P, Benzer A. Lung function after total intravenous anaesthesia or balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Feb;106(2):272-6. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeq321. Epub 2010 Nov 9.</citation>
    <PMID>21062790</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Daley MD, Norman PH, Colmenares ME, Sandler AN. Hypoxaemia in adults in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Can J Anaesth. 1991 Sep;38(6):740-6. doi: 10.1007/BF03008452.</citation>
    <PMID>1914057</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Regli A, Schneider MC, Kunz F, Reber A. Effect of obesity and site of surgery on perioperative lung volumes. Br J Anaesth. 2004 Feb;92(2):202-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeh046.</citation>
    <PMID>14722169</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Grocott HP. From the Journal archives: Airway closure and lung volumes in surgical positions. Can J Anaesth. 2014 Apr;61(4):383-6. doi: 10.1007/s12630-013-0098-1. Epub 2014 Jan 18.</citation>
    <PMID>24442988</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Reber A, Bein T, Hogman M, Khan ZP, Nilsson S, Hedenstierna G. Lung aeration and pulmonary gas exchange during lumbar epidural anaesthesia and in the lithotomy position in elderly patients. Anaesthesia. 1998 Sep;53(9):854-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00491.x.</citation>
    <PMID>9849278</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Brain AI. The laryngeal mask--a new concept in airway management. Br J Anaesth. 1983 Aug;55(8):801-5. doi: 10.1093/bja/55.8.801.</citation>
    <PMID>6349667</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Keller C, Brimacombe J. [Spontaneous versus controlled respiration with the laryngeal mask. A review]. Anaesthesist. 2001 Mar;50(3):187-91. doi: 10.1007/s001010050987. German.</citation>
    <PMID>11315492</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Keller C, Sparr HJ, Brimacombe JR. Positive pressure ventilation with the laryngeal mask airway in non-paralysed patients: comparison of sevoflurane and propofol maintenance techniques. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Mar;80(3):332-6. doi: 10.1093/bja/80.3.332.</citation>
    <PMID>9623433</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Radhika KS, Sripriya R, Ravishankar M, Hemanth Kumar VR, Jaya V, Parthasarathy S. Assessment of suitability of i-gel and laryngeal mask airway-supreme for controlled ventilation in anesthetized paralyzed patients: A prospective randomized trial. Anesth Essays Res. 2016 Jan-Apr;10(1):88-93. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.167849.</citation>
    <PMID>26957697</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Sharma R, Dua CK, Saxena KN. A randomised controlled study comparing the effects of laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube on early postoperative pulmonary functions. Singapore Med J. 2011 Dec;52(12):874-8.</citation>
    <PMID>22159929</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Capdevila X, Jung B, Bernard N, Dadure C, Biboulet P, Jaber S. Effects of pressure support ventilation mode on emergence time and intra-operative ventilatory function: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 23;9(12):e115139. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115139. eCollection 2014.</citation>
    <PMID>25536515</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Keller C, Brimacombe J, Hoermann C, Loeckinger A, Kleinsasser A. Pressure support ventilation with the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. A comparison of sevoflurane, isoflurane and propofol. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2005 Aug;22(8):630-3. doi: 10.1017/s0265021505001055.</citation>
    <PMID>16119601</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Chiumello D, Pelosi P, Calvi E, Bigatello LM, Gattinoni L. Different modes of assisted ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2002 Oct;20(4):925-33. doi: 10.1183/09031936.02.01552001.</citation>
    <PMID>12412685</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Regli A, Frei FJ, Hammer J, Schibler A, Erb TO. The effect of caudal block on functional residual capacity and ventilation homogeneity in healthy children. Anaesthesia. 2006 Aug;61(8):758-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04720.x.</citation>
    <PMID>16867088</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Singer F, Houltz B, Latzin P, Robinson P, Gustafsson P. A realistic validation study of a new nitrogen multiple-breath washout system. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e36083. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036083. Epub 2012 Apr 27.</citation>
    <PMID>22558338</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Robinson PD, Goldman MD, Gustafsson PM. Inert gas washout: theoretical background and clinical utility in respiratory disease. Respiration. 2009;78(3):339-55. doi: 10.1159/000225373. Epub 2009 Jun 12.</citation>
    <PMID>19521061</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>February 2022</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>November 25, 2016</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 5, 2016</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">December 8, 2016</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>February 25, 2022</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>February 25, 2022</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">February 28, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor-Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>University Hospital, Geneva</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Walid HABRE</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Anesthesiology</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Respiratory Function</keyword>
  <keyword>Patient Positioning</keyword>
  <keyword>anesthesia</keyword>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Anesthetics</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02986269
org study id: VINHO
nct id: NCT02986269
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
General anesthesia has been demonstrated to have a negative impact on lung function. Both
      surgery and patient position influence the perioperative lung function. Laryngeal mask airway
      (LMA) has been proved to be safe and efficient to maintain the airways patent during general
      anesthesia. Pressure support ventilation (PSV) with LMA is routinely used in clinical
      practice. The aim of the present trial is to characterize perioperative changes in lung
      volume, ventilation inhomogeneity and respiratory mechanics in patients in the lithotomy
      position and spontaneously breathing through LMA with and without PSV.
This study is a randomized controlled trial. Participants for this study will be recruited
      from the Gynecological department of the University Hospitals of Geneva, scheduled for
      gynecological procedures in the lithotomy position under general anesthesia. A total of 40
      patients will be enrolled and randomly assigned into 2 groups: Group SB (spontaneously
      breathing without PSV) and Group PSV (spontaneously breathing with PSV). Measurements of
      end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and ventilation inhomogeneity will be performed in all
      patients with a nitrogen multiple breath washout method, before and 1 hour after surgery.
      Similarly, airway resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) will be measured at the same time by
      using the Forced Oscillation Technique.

      The primary endpoint: Perioperative changes in ventilation inhomogeneity (LCI) and
      respiratory mechanics (Rrs and Xrs) of patients, positioned in lithotomy and undergoing
      general anesthesia while breathing spontaneously through LMA with or without PSV.

      The secondary endpoints: Presence of respiratory complications, oxygen need in the recovery
      room, length of stay in the recovery room and in the hospital. Correlation between duration
      of positioning and surgery with lung function and volume measurements.

      Relevance: There are no studies that addressed the value of pressure support ventilation to
      overcome the potential changes in lung function following spontaneous ventilation across a
      LMA in the lithotomy position.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Other
masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Perioperative changes in ventilation inhomogeneity (LCI)
time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 hours
description: LCI will be derived from the nitrogen multiple breath washout technique that will be applied before and after general anesthesia for gynecology in the lithotomy position with patients breathing spontaneously through a LMA with and without pressure support.
measure: Alterations in end expiratory lung volume in ml/kg (EELV)
time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 hours
description: EELV will be measured from the nitrogen multiple breath washout technique that will be applied before and after general anesthesia for gynecology in the lithotomy position with patients breathing spontaneously through a LMA with and without pressure support.
measure: Changes in respiratory system compliance (Crs)
time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 hours
description: Crs will be measured by the forced oscillation technique
measure: Changes in airway resistance (Raw)
time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 hours
description: Raw will be measured by the forced oscillation technique
measure: Perioperative respiratory complications
time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 hours
description: any respiratory complications (apnoea/ bradypnoea, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, oxygen desaturation <90%/ hypoxemia, hypoventilation/ atelectasis, pulmonary embolism, cough and /or airway obstruction
arm group label: Group SB
arm group type: Experimental
description: Patient is scheduled for elective conisation or hysteroscopy under general anesthesia. The ventilation mode for this group is spontaneous breathing(SB) without pressure support ventilation (PSV) under laryngeal mask airway (LMA).
General anesthesia across LMA under SB without PSV
arm group label: Group PSV
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: General anesthesia across LMA under SB with PSV Patient is scheduled for elective conisation or hysteroscopy under general anesthesia. The ventilation mode for this group is SB with PSV under LMA.
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: general anesthesia across LMA
description: general anesthesia across LMA
arm group label: Group PSV
arm group label: Group SB
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Spontaneous breathing(SB)
description: general anesthesia across LMA under SB without PSV
arm group label: Group PSV
arm group label: Group SB
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Pressure Support Ventilation
description: general anesthesia across LMA under SB with PSV
arm group label: Group PSV
criteria: 
gender: Female
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 50 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Walid HABRE, MD,PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: University Hospitals of Geneva
facility: 
country: Switzerland
citation: Tiefenthaler W, Pehboeck D, Hammerle E, Kavakebi P, Benzer A. Lung function after total intravenous anaesthesia or balanced anaesthesia with sevoflurane. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Feb;106(2):272-6. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeq321. Epub 2010 Nov 9.
PMID: 21062790
citation: Daley MD, Norman PH, Colmenares ME, Sandler AN. Hypoxaemia in adults in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Can J Anaesth. 1991 Sep;38(6):740-6. doi: 10.1007/BF03008452.
PMID: 1914057
citation: von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Regli A, Schneider MC, Kunz F, Reber A. Effect of obesity and site of surgery on perioperative lung volumes. Br J Anaesth. 2004 Feb;92(2):202-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeh046.
PMID: 14722169
citation: Grocott HP. From the Journal archives: Airway closure and lung volumes in surgical positions. Can J Anaesth. 2014 Apr;61(4):383-6. doi: 10.1007/s12630-013-0098-1. Epub 2014 Jan 18.
PMID: 24442988
citation: Reber A, Bein T, Hogman M, Khan ZP, Nilsson S, Hedenstierna G. Lung aeration and pulmonary gas exchange during lumbar epidural anaesthesia and in the lithotomy position in elderly patients. Anaesthesia. 1998 Sep;53(9):854-61. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00491.x.
PMID: 9849278
citation: Brain AI. The laryngeal mask--a new concept in airway management. Br J Anaesth. 1983 Aug;55(8):801-5. doi: 10.1093/bja/55.8.801.
PMID: 6349667
citation: Keller C, Brimacombe J. [Spontaneous versus controlled respiration with the laryngeal mask. A review]. Anaesthesist. 2001 Mar;50(3):187-91. doi: 10.1007/s001010050987. German.
PMID: 11315492
citation: Keller C, Sparr HJ, Brimacombe JR. Positive pressure ventilation with the laryngeal mask airway in non-paralysed patients: comparison of sevoflurane and propofol maintenance techniques. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Mar;80(3):332-6. doi: 10.1093/bja/80.3.332.
PMID: 9623433
citation: Radhika KS, Sripriya R, Ravishankar M, Hemanth Kumar VR, Jaya V, Parthasarathy S. Assessment of suitability of i-gel and laryngeal mask airway-supreme for controlled ventilation in anesthetized paralyzed patients: A prospective randomized trial. Anesth Essays Res. 2016 Jan-Apr;10(1):88-93. doi: 10.4103/0259-1162.167849.
PMID: 26957697
citation: Sharma R, Dua CK, Saxena KN. A randomised controlled study comparing the effects of laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube on early postoperative pulmonary functions. Singapore Med J. 2011 Dec;52(12):874-8.
PMID: 22159929
citation: Capdevila X, Jung B, Bernard N, Dadure C, Biboulet P, Jaber S. Effects of pressure support ventilation mode on emergence time and intra-operative ventilatory function: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 23;9(12):e115139. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115139. eCollection 2014.
PMID: 25536515
citation: Keller C, Brimacombe J, Hoermann C, Loeckinger A, Kleinsasser A. Pressure support ventilation with the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway. A comparison of sevoflurane, isoflurane and propofol. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2005 Aug;22(8):630-3. doi: 10.1017/s0265021505001055.
PMID: 16119601
citation: Chiumello D, Pelosi P, Calvi E, Bigatello LM, Gattinoni L. Different modes of assisted ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2002 Oct;20(4):925-33. doi: 10.1183/09031936.02.01552001.
PMID: 12412685
citation: von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Regli A, Frei FJ, Hammer J, Schibler A, Erb TO. The effect of caudal block on functional residual capacity and ventilation homogeneity in healthy children. Anaesthesia. 2006 Aug;61(8):758-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04720.x.
PMID: 16867088
citation: Singer F, Houltz B, Latzin P, Robinson P, Gustafsson P. A realistic validation study of a new nitrogen multiple-breath washout system. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e36083. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036083. Epub 2012 Apr 27.
PMID: 22558338
citation: Robinson PD, Goldman MD, Gustafsson PM. Inert gas washout: theoretical background and clinical utility in respiratory disease. Respiration. 2009;78(3):339-55. doi: 10.1159/000225373. Epub 2009 Jun 12.
PMID: 19521061
responsible party type: Sponsor-Investigator
investigator affiliation: University Hospital, Geneva
investigator full name: Walid HABRE
investigator title: Anesthesiology
mesh term: Anesthetics
sharing ipd: No