<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02997943</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>NIH NIDDK R01DK108678</org_study_id>
    <secondary_id>R01DK108678</secondary_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02997943</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>SMART Weight Loss Management</brief_title>
  <acronym>SMART</acronym>
  <official_title>SMART Weight Loss Management</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Northwestern University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>University of Michigan</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)</agency>
      <agency_class>NIH</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Northwestern University</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The overall objective of this study is to use an innovative experimental approach, the SMART&#xD;
      (Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial), to determine the best way to sequence the&#xD;
      delivery of mHealth tools and traditional treatment components in a stepped program of&#xD;
      obesity treatments. The SMART approach is a highly efficient strategy for identifying and&#xD;
      constructing efficacious adaptive interventions: it accommodates sequential decision-making&#xD;
      based on the participant's response to early weight loss treatment components. The proposed&#xD;
      treatment package begins with the least expensive components, and for participants identified&#xD;
      as treatment non-responders, provides sequential step-up of additional treatment components.&#xD;
      By sequentially delivering treatment components based on participant response, SMART permits&#xD;
      achievement of the target outcome, weight loss, with least resource consumption and&#xD;
      participant burden.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The proposed study seeks to develop an effective, resource-sensitive strategy to manage&#xD;
      weight loss treatment for obesity. During the 12-week active intervention phase, participants&#xD;
      will be randomized to one of two first-line treatments: 1) mobile app alone (APP) or 2) app&#xD;
      plus weekly telephone coaching sessions (APP+C). Beginning at week 2, those who are&#xD;
      identified as treatment non-responders (did not lose an average of 0.5 lbs/week) will be&#xD;
      re-randomized to one of two augmentation tactics: 1) Modest Step-up, operationalized as the&#xD;
      addition of an additional mHealth component, or 2) Vigorous Step-up, operationalized as the&#xD;
      addition of an additional mHealth component plus a traditional weight loss intervention&#xD;
      component. Treatment responders will continue with the same first-line treatment. Treatment&#xD;
      response be re-assessed at weeks 4 and 8. Those identified as treatment non-responders will&#xD;
      be re-randomized at that time.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">June 19, 2017</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">March 18, 2021</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">September 17, 2020</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Factorial Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in weight at 6 months</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline, 6 months</time_frame>
    <description>Weight measured in the lab, taken without shoes, wearing light clothing on a calibrated beam balance scale</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Change in weight at 12 months</measure>
    <time_frame>baseline, 12 months</time_frame>
    <description>Weight measured in the lab, taken without shoes, wearing light clothing on a calibrated beam balance scale</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Cost effectiveness</measure>
    <time_frame>12 months</time_frame>
    <description>Cost/pound lost of each study sequence embedded within the SMART design.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">400</enrollment>
  <condition>Weight Loss</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Step 1: Optimal First Line Treatment</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Participants will first be randomized to an optimal first line treatment in order to compare APP vs. APP + coaching. Participants assigned to Step 1 treatment &quot;APP&quot; will receive a study-specific smartphone application. Participants assigned to Step 1 treatment &quot;APP + coaching&quot; will receive a study-specific smartphone application plus 12 weekly telephone coaching sessions.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Step 2: Optimal Strategy to Address Nonresponse</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Beginning at week 2, participants who are identified as treatment non-responders will be re-randomized in order to compare two strategies to address non-response: a modest step-up or vigorous step-up treatment augmentation tactic. Step 2 treatment strategy: modest step-up will include provision of an additional mHealth intervention component (push notifications). Step 2 treatment strategy vigorous step-up will include provision of an additional mHealth intervention component (push notifications), plus a traditional weight loss intervention component (coaching, meal replacements). Participants will continue to receive their first line treatment.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Step 1 Treatment: APP</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants will receive a smartphone app to track weight, dietary intake and physical activity, and a technology core consisting of web-based weekly lessons, wireless scale, and activity tracker. Participants will use their own smartphone to receive the study smartphone application.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Step 1: Optimal First Line Treatment</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Step 1 Treatment: APP + Coaching</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants will receive a smartphone app to track weight, dietary intake and physical activity; a technology core consisting of web-based weekly lessons, wireless scale, and activity tracker; 12 weekly telephone coaching sessions. Participants will use their own smartphone to receive the study smartphone application.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Step 1: Optimal First Line Treatment</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Step 2 Treatment Strategy: Modest Step-up</intervention_name>
    <description>In addition to first line treatment, participants identified as non-responders will be provided an additional mHealth intervention component (push notifications) for the remaining 12 weeks.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Step 2: Optimal Strategy to Address Nonresponse</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Step 2 Treatment Strategy: Vigorous Step-up</intervention_name>
    <description>In addition to the first line treatment, participants identified as non-responders will be provided an additional mHealth intervention component (push notifications) plus a traditional weight loss intervention component (coaching, meal replacements).</description>
    <arm_group_label>Step 2: Optimal Strategy to Address Nonresponse</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  18 through 60 years old&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  BMI between 27 - 45 kg/m2&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  &lt; 350 lbs&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Weight stable (no loss or gain &gt;25 lbs. for the past 6 months)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Interested in losing weight and not enrolled in a formal weight loss program or taking&#xD;
             medications or supplements that may cause weight change&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Own a Smartphone and be willing to install the SMART App&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Reside in the Chicago area for the duration of their participation (12 months)&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Unstable medical conditions (uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes - uncontrolled or&#xD;
             treated with insulin, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, unstable angina pectoris, transient&#xD;
             ischemic attack, cancer undergoing active treatment, cerebrovascular accident or&#xD;
             myocardial infarction within the past six months, or Crohn's disease)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnancy, lactation, or intended pregnancy&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Active suicidal ideation, anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, current substance&#xD;
             abuse or dependence (besides nicotine dependence)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Require assistive device for mobility or current condition that may limit or prevent&#xD;
             participation in moderate activity&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Use of pacemaker or other electrical implanted device&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  History of bariatric (or LapBand) surgery, or considering or currently on a wait-list&#xD;
             for bariatric or LapBand surgery&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  May not live with a current or past SMART study participant&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>60 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Bonnie Spring, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Northwestern University</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Inbal Nahum-Shani, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>University of Michigan</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Northwestern University</name>
      <address>
        <city>Chicago</city>
        <state>Illinois</state>
        <zip>60611</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Pfammatter AF, Nahum-Shani I, DeZelar M, Scanlan L, McFadden HG, Siddique J, Hedeker D, Spring B. SMART: Study protocol for a sequential multiple assignment randomized controlled trial to optimize weight loss management. Contemp Clin Trials. 2019 Jul;82:36-45. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.007. Epub 2019 May 23.</citation>
    <PMID>31129369</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nahum-Shani I, Smith SN, Spring BJ, Collins LM, Witkiewitz K, Tewari A, Murphy SA. Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in Mobile Health: Key Components and Design Principles for Ongoing Health Behavior Support. Ann Behav Med. 2018 May 18;52(6):446-462. doi: 10.1007/s12160-016-9830-8.</citation>
    <PMID>27663578</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Spring B, Pfammatter A, Alshurafa N. First Steps Into the Brave New Transdiscipline of Mobile Health. JAMA Cardiol. 2017 Jan 1;2(1):76-78. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.4440. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>27973672</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Spring B, Stump T, Penedo F, Pfammatter AF, Robinson JK. Toward a health-promoting system for cancer survivors: Patient and provider multiple behavior change. Health Psychol. 2019 Sep;38(9):840-850. doi: 10.1037/hea0000760.</citation>
    <PMID>31436465</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Walton A, Nahum-Shani I, Crosby L, Klasnja P, Murphy S. Optimizing Digital Integrated Care via Micro-Randomized Trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Jul;104(1):53-58. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1079. Epub 2018 Apr 19.</citation>
    <PMID>29604043</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Almirall D, Kasari C, McCaffrey DF, Nahum-Shani I. Developing Optimized Adaptive Interventions in Education. J Res Educ Eff. 2018;11(1):27-34. doi: 10.1080/19345747.2017.1407136. Epub 2017 Nov 29.</citation>
    <PMID>29552270</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Wagner B 3rd, Liu E, Shaw SD, Iakovlev G, Zhou L, Harrington C, Abowd G, Yoon C, Kumar S, Murphy S, Spring B, Nahum-Shani I. ewrapper: Operationalizing engagement strategies in mHealth. Proc ACM Int Conf Ubiquitous Comput. 2017 Sep;2017:790-798. doi: 10.1145/3123024.3125612.</citation>
    <PMID>29362728</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Welch WA, Spring B, Phillips SM, Siddique J. Moderating Effects of Weather-Related Factors on a Physical Activity Intervention. Am J Prev Med. 2018 May;54(5):e83-e89. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.025. Epub 2018 Mar 15.</citation>
    <PMID>29551330</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Booth JN 3rd, Allen NB, Calhoun D, Carson AP, Deng L, Goff DC Jr, Redden DT, Reis JP, Shimbo D, Shikany JM, Sidney S, Spring B, Lewis CE, Muntner P. Racial Differences in Maintaining Optimal Health Behaviors Into Middle Age. Am J Prev Med. 2019 Mar;56(3):368-375. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.10.020.</citation>
    <PMID>30777156</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Nahum-Shani I, Ertefaie A, Lu XL, Lynch KG, McKay JR, Oslin DW, Almirall D. A SMART data analysis method for constructing adaptive treatment strategies for substance use disorders. Addiction. 2017 May;112(5):901-909. doi: 10.1111/add.13743. Epub 2017 Feb 18.</citation>
    <PMID>28029718</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lu X, Nahum-Shani I, Kasari C, Lynch KG, Oslin DW, Pelham WE, Fabiano G, Almirall D. Comparing dynamic treatment regimes using repeated-measures outcomes: modeling considerations in SMART studies. Stat Med. 2016 May 10;35(10):1595-615. doi: 10.1002/sim.6819. Epub 2015 Dec 6.</citation>
    <PMID>26638988</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Spring B, Champion KE, Acabchuk R, Hennessy EA. Self-regulatory behaviour change techniques in interventions to promote healthy eating, physical activity, or weight loss: a meta-review. Health Psychol Rev. 2021 Dec;15(4):508-539. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1721310. Epub 2020 Feb 17.</citation>
    <PMID>31973666</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ertefaie A, Wu T, Lynch KG, Nahum-Shani I. Identifying a set that contains the best dynamic treatment regimes. Biostatistics. 2016 Jan;17(1):135-48. doi: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxv025. Epub 2015 Aug 3.</citation>
    <PMID>26243172</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>May 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>December 5, 2016</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>December 16, 2016</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">December 20, 2016</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>May 17, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>May 17, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">May 18, 2021</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Northwestern University</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Bonnie Spring</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Professor</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Obesity</keyword>
  <keyword>Weight Loss</keyword>
  <keyword>Diet</keyword>
  <keyword>Physical Activity</keyword>
  <keyword>Mobile Health</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Body Weight</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Weight Loss</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02997943
org study id: NIH NIDDK R01DK108678
secondary id: R01DK108678
nct id: NCT02997943
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The overall objective of this study is to use an innovative experimental approach, the SMART
      (Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial), to determine the best way to sequence the
      delivery of mHealth tools and traditional treatment components in a stepped program of
      obesity treatments. The SMART approach is a highly efficient strategy for identifying and
      constructing efficacious adaptive interventions: it accommodates sequential decision-making
      based on the participant's response to early weight loss treatment components. The proposed
      treatment package begins with the least expensive components, and for participants identified
      as treatment non-responders, provides sequential step-up of additional treatment components.
      By sequentially delivering treatment components based on participant response, SMART permits
      achievement of the target outcome, weight loss, with least resource consumption and
      participant burden.
The proposed study seeks to develop an effective, resource-sensitive strategy to manage
      weight loss treatment for obesity. During the 12-week active intervention phase, participants
      will be randomized to one of two first-line treatments: 1) mobile app alone (APP) or 2) app
      plus weekly telephone coaching sessions (APP+C). Beginning at week 2, those who are
      identified as treatment non-responders (did not lose an average of 0.5 lbs/week) will be
      re-randomized to one of two augmentation tactics: 1) Modest Step-up, operationalized as the
      addition of an additional mHealth component, or 2) Vigorous Step-up, operationalized as the
      addition of an additional mHealth component plus a traditional weight loss intervention
      component. Treatment responders will continue with the same first-line treatment. Treatment
      response be re-assessed at weeks 4 and 8. Those identified as treatment non-responders will
      be re-randomized at that time.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Factorial Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Change in weight at 6 months
time frame: baseline, 6 months
description: Weight measured in the lab, taken without shoes, wearing light clothing on a calibrated beam balance scale
measure: Change in weight at 12 months
time frame: baseline, 12 months
description: Weight measured in the lab, taken without shoes, wearing light clothing on a calibrated beam balance scale
measure: Cost effectiveness
time frame: 12 months
description: Cost/pound lost of each study sequence embedded within the SMART design.
arm group label: Step 1: Optimal First Line Treatment
arm group type: Experimental
description: Participants will first be randomized to an optimal first line treatment in order to compare APP vs. APP + coaching. Participants assigned to Step 1 treatment "APP" will receive a study-specific smartphone application. Participants assigned to Step 1 treatment "APP + coaching" will receive a study-specific smartphone application plus 12 weekly telephone coaching sessions.
arm group label: Step 2: Optimal Strategy to Address Nonresponse
arm group type: Experimental
description: Beginning at week 2, participants who are identified as treatment non-responders will be re-randomized in order to compare two strategies to address non-response: a modest step-up or vigorous step-up treatment augmentation tactic. Step 2 treatment strategy: modest step-up will include provision of an additional mHealth intervention component (push notifications). Step 2 treatment strategy vigorous step-up will include provision of an additional mHealth intervention component (push notifications), plus a traditional weight loss intervention component (coaching, meal replacements). Participants will continue to receive their first line treatment.
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Step 1 Treatment: APP
description: Participants will receive a smartphone app to track weight, dietary intake and physical activity, and a technology core consisting of web-based weekly lessons, wireless scale, and activity tracker. Participants will use their own smartphone to receive the study smartphone application.
arm group label: Step 1: Optimal First Line Treatment
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Step 1 Treatment: APP + Coaching
description: Participants will receive a smartphone app to track weight, dietary intake and physical activity; a technology core consisting of web-based weekly lessons, wireless scale, and activity tracker; 12 weekly telephone coaching sessions. Participants will use their own smartphone to receive the study smartphone application.
arm group label: Step 1: Optimal First Line Treatment
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Step 2 Treatment Strategy: Modest Step-up
description: In addition to first line treatment, participants identified as non-responders will be provided an additional mHealth intervention component (push notifications) for the remaining 12 weeks.
arm group label: Step 2: Optimal Strategy to Address Nonresponse
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Step 2 Treatment Strategy: Vigorous Step-up
description: In addition to the first line treatment, participants identified as non-responders will be provided an additional mHealth intervention component (push notifications) plus a traditional weight loss intervention component (coaching, meal replacements).
arm group label: Step 2: Optimal Strategy to Address Nonresponse
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 60 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Bonnie Spring, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Northwestern University
last name: Inbal Nahum-Shani, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: University of Michigan
facility: 
country: United States
citation: Pfammatter AF, Nahum-Shani I, DeZelar M, Scanlan L, McFadden HG, Siddique J, Hedeker D, Spring B. SMART: Study protocol for a sequential multiple assignment randomized controlled trial to optimize weight loss management. Contemp Clin Trials. 2019 Jul;82:36-45. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.007. Epub 2019 May 23.
PMID: 31129369
citation: Nahum-Shani I, Smith SN, Spring BJ, Collins LM, Witkiewitz K, Tewari A, Murphy SA. Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in Mobile Health: Key Components and Design Principles for Ongoing Health Behavior Support. Ann Behav Med. 2018 May 18;52(6):446-462. doi: 10.1007/s12160-016-9830-8.
PMID: 27663578
citation: Spring B, Pfammatter A, Alshurafa N. First Steps Into the Brave New Transdiscipline of Mobile Health. JAMA Cardiol. 2017 Jan 1;2(1):76-78. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.4440. No abstract available.
PMID: 27973672
citation: Spring B, Stump T, Penedo F, Pfammatter AF, Robinson JK. Toward a health-promoting system for cancer survivors: Patient and provider multiple behavior change. Health Psychol. 2019 Sep;38(9):840-850. doi: 10.1037/hea0000760.
PMID: 31436465
citation: Walton A, Nahum-Shani I, Crosby L, Klasnja P, Murphy S. Optimizing Digital Integrated Care via Micro-Randomized Trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Jul;104(1):53-58. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1079. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
PMID: 29604043
citation: Almirall D, Kasari C, McCaffrey DF, Nahum-Shani I. Developing Optimized Adaptive Interventions in Education. J Res Educ Eff. 2018;11(1):27-34. doi: 10.1080/19345747.2017.1407136. Epub 2017 Nov 29.
PMID: 29552270
citation: Wagner B 3rd, Liu E, Shaw SD, Iakovlev G, Zhou L, Harrington C, Abowd G, Yoon C, Kumar S, Murphy S, Spring B, Nahum-Shani I. ewrapper: Operationalizing engagement strategies in mHealth. Proc ACM Int Conf Ubiquitous Comput. 2017 Sep;2017:790-798. doi: 10.1145/3123024.3125612.
PMID: 29362728
citation: Welch WA, Spring B, Phillips SM, Siddique J. Moderating Effects of Weather-Related Factors on a Physical Activity Intervention. Am J Prev Med. 2018 May;54(5):e83-e89. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.025. Epub 2018 Mar 15.
PMID: 29551330
citation: Booth JN 3rd, Allen NB, Calhoun D, Carson AP, Deng L, Goff DC Jr, Redden DT, Reis JP, Shimbo D, Shikany JM, Sidney S, Spring B, Lewis CE, Muntner P. Racial Differences in Maintaining Optimal Health Behaviors Into Middle Age. Am J Prev Med. 2019 Mar;56(3):368-375. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.10.020.
PMID: 30777156
citation: Nahum-Shani I, Ertefaie A, Lu XL, Lynch KG, McKay JR, Oslin DW, Almirall D. A SMART data analysis method for constructing adaptive treatment strategies for substance use disorders. Addiction. 2017 May;112(5):901-909. doi: 10.1111/add.13743. Epub 2017 Feb 18.
PMID: 28029718
citation: Lu X, Nahum-Shani I, Kasari C, Lynch KG, Oslin DW, Pelham WE, Fabiano G, Almirall D. Comparing dynamic treatment regimes using repeated-measures outcomes: modeling considerations in SMART studies. Stat Med. 2016 May 10;35(10):1595-615. doi: 10.1002/sim.6819. Epub 2015 Dec 6.
PMID: 26638988
citation: Spring B, Champion KE, Acabchuk R, Hennessy EA. Self-regulatory behaviour change techniques in interventions to promote healthy eating, physical activity, or weight loss: a meta-review. Health Psychol Rev. 2021 Dec;15(4):508-539. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1721310. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
PMID: 31973666
citation: Ertefaie A, Wu T, Lynch KG, Nahum-Shani I. Identifying a set that contains the best dynamic treatment regimes. Biostatistics. 2016 Jan;17(1):135-48. doi: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxv025. Epub 2015 Aug 3.
PMID: 26243172
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Northwestern University
investigator full name: Bonnie Spring
investigator title: Professor
mesh term: Body Weight
mesh term: Weight Loss
sharing ipd: No