<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03024918</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>S5877</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT03024918</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Unequal Placental Sharing in Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins: an Observational Study</brief_title>
  <acronym>TWINSHARE</acronym>
  <official_title>Unequal Placental Sharing in Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins: an Observational Study to Investigate Prediction and Outcome: the TWINSHARE Study</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This is an observational study in 3 cohorts of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins. The aim&#xD;
      of the study is to assess whether unequal placental sharing can be predicted in pregnancy and&#xD;
      whether it is predictive of pregnancy outcome.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      In all cohorts, serial ultrasound will be performed during pregnancy. MRI will be offered&#xD;
      once during pregnancy. After delivery, placental examination will be performed.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In unselected MCDA twins, the investigators will assess the relationship between unequal&#xD;
      placental sharing and the risk of fetal or neonatal loss. The investigators will also&#xD;
      establish whether umbilical vein measurements or MRI can be used to predict placental&#xD;
      sharing.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In cases complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), the investigators will look&#xD;
      at the association between unequal placental sharing and intrauterine fetal demise after&#xD;
      laser surgery.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In cases complicated by selective intra-uterine growth restriction (sIUGR), the the&#xD;
      relationship between unequal placental sharing and the risk of fetal or neonatal loss and&#xD;
      birth prior to 34 weeks will be assessed.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Furthermore, data on neurological outcome at 2 years of age in all cohorts will be collected.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date>April 2016</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">December 2020</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">June 2018</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Cohort</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>MCDA cohort: the association between unequal sharing and risk of fetal or neonatal loss (assessed by review of obstetric and pediatric records)</measure>
    <time_frame>2 weeks after expected date of birth</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>TTTS cohort: the association between unequal sharing and intrauterine fetal death (assessed by review of obstetric records)</measure>
    <time_frame>2 weeks after expected date of birth</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>sIUGR cohort: the association between unequal sharing and risk of fetal or neonatal loss and birth prior to 34 weeks (assessed by review of obstetric and pediatric records)</measure>
    <time_frame>2 weeks after expected date of birth</time_frame>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>The correlation between prenatal ultrasound and MRI variables and placental sharing as assessed by postnatal imaging (all cohorts)</measure>
    <time_frame>2 weeks after expected date of birth</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>The association between unequal sharing and intact survival (all cohorts) (assessed by review of obstetric and pediatric records and parent questionnaire)</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years after expected date of birth</time_frame>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>3</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">393</enrollment>
  <condition>Monochorionic Twins</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>MCDA cohort</arm_group_label>
    <description>Unselected monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies, included between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>TTTS cohort</arm_group_label>
    <description>Pregnancies complicated by twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) undergoing laser treatment, included at the time of diagnosis or referral</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>sIUGR cohort</arm_group_label>
    <description>Pregnancies complicated by selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), included at the time of diagnosis or referral. We define sIUGR as a discordance in estimated fetal weight of ≥ 20%.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <biospec_retention>Samples With DNA</biospec_retention>
  <biospec_descr>
    <textblock>
      placental samples&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </biospec_descr>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        The study population exists of women with a monochorionic twin pregnancy. Three cohorts&#xD;
        will be created: a cohort of uncomplicated MCDA twins (included at the first trimester&#xD;
        scan), a cohort of MCDA twins complicated by TTTS and undergoing laser surgery (included at&#xD;
        the time of diagnosis) and a cohort of MCDA twins complicated by selective growth&#xD;
        restriction (included at the time of diagnosis).&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  MCDA cohort&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Ongoing monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy between 11 and 14 weeks, as&#xD;
                  determined by the crown rump length of the larger twin in spontaneous conceptions&#xD;
                  and by the date of insemination or embryonic age at replacement in pregnancies&#xD;
                  resulting from subfertility treatment&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Women aged 18 years or more, who are able to consent&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Written informed consent to participate in this study, forms being approved by&#xD;
                  the Ethical Committees&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  TTTS cohort&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy, with gestational age defined in the&#xD;
                  first trimester as mentioned above&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Complicated by TTTS according to the definition used in the Quintero staging of&#xD;
                  TTTS (DVP of donor &lt; 2 cm and DVP of receptor &gt; 8 cm before 20 weeks or &gt; 10 cm&#xD;
                  after 20 weeks&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Undergoing laser surgery for TTTS&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Women aged 18 years or more, who are able to consent&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Written informed consent to participate in this study, forms being approved by&#xD;
                  the Ethical Committees&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  sIUGR cohort&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy, with gestational age defined in the&#xD;
                  first trimester as mentioned above&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Complicated by sIUGR defined as a discordance in EFW of ≥ 20%, with the&#xD;
                  percentage of discordance being calculated as (EFW larger twin - EFW smaller&#xD;
                  twin)/EFW larger twin x 100.&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Women aged 18 years or more, who are able to consent&#xD;
&#xD;
               -  Written informed consent to participate in this study, forms being approved by&#xD;
                  the Ethical Committees&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Age &lt; 18 years&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Inability to consent&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>Female</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Liesbeth Lewi</last_name>
    <role>Study Chair</role>
    <affiliation>UZ Leuven</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Isabel Couck</last_name>
    <phone>+32 16 34 22 94</phone>
    <email>isabel.couck@uzleuven.be</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <overall_contact_backup>
    <last_name>Liesbeth Lewi</last_name>
    <email>liesbeth.lewi@uzleuven.be</email>
  </overall_contact_backup>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>UZ Leuven</name>
      <address>
        <city>Leuven</city>
        <country>Belgium</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Isabe Couck</last_name>
    </contact>
    <contact_backup>
      <last_name>Liesbeth Lewi</last_name>
    </contact_backup>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Belgium</country>
  </location_countries>
  <link>
    <url>http://www.monochorionictwins.org</url>
    <description>Study website</description>
  </link>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lewi L, Jani J, Blickstein I, Huber A, Gucciardo L, Van Mieghem T, Done E, Boes AS, Hecher K, Gratacos E, Lewi P, Deprest J. The outcome of monochorionic diamniotic twin gestations in the era of invasive fetal therapy: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Nov;199(5):514.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.03.050. Epub 2008 Jun 4.</citation>
    <PMID>18533114</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lewi L, Gucciardo L, Huber A, Jani J, Van Mieghem T, Done E, Cannie M, Gratacos E, Diemert A, Hecher K, Lewi P, Deprest J. Clinical outcome and placental characteristics of monochorionic diamniotic twin pairs with early- and late-onset discordant growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Nov;199(5):511.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.04.022. Epub 2008 Jun 9.</citation>
    <PMID>18539257</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cavicchioni O, Yamamoto M, Robyr R, Takahashi Y, Ville Y. Intrauterine fetal demise following laser treatment in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. BJOG. 2006 May;113(5):590-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00913.x. Epub 2006 Mar 27.</citation>
    <PMID>16579799</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lopriore E, Sueters M, Middeldorp JM, Oepkes D, Walther FJ, Vandenbussche FP. Velamentous cord insertion and unequal placental territories in monochorionic twins with and without twin-to-twin-transfusion syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Feb;196(2):159.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.865.</citation>
    <PMID>17306663</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lopriore E, Pasman SA, Klumper FJ, Middeldorp JM, Walther FJ, Oepkes D. Placental characteristics in growth-discordant monochorionic twins: a matched case-control study. Placenta. 2012 Mar;33(3):171-4. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.12.004. Epub 2011 Dec 23.</citation>
    <PMID>22197628</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Aston KI, Peterson CM, Carrell DT. Monozygotic twinning associated with assisted reproductive technologies: a review. Reproduction. 2008 Oct;136(4):377-86. doi: 10.1530/REP-08-0206. Epub 2008 Jun 24.</citation>
    <PMID>18577552</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lewi L, Deprest J, Hecher K. The vascular anastomoses in monochorionic twin pregnancies and their clinical consequences. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):19-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.09.025. Epub 2012 Sep 28.</citation>
    <PMID>23103301</PMID>
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    <citation>Kent EM, Breathnach FM, Gillan JE, McAuliffe FM, Geary MP, Daly S, Higgins JR, Dornan J, Morrison JJ, Burke G, Higgins S, Carroll S, Dicker P, Manning F, Malone FD. Placental cord insertion and birthweight discordance in twin pregnancies: results of the national prospective ESPRiT Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Oct;205(4):376.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.077. Epub 2011 Jun 25.</citation>
    <PMID>21864823</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Monk D. Genomic imprinting in the human placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Oct;213(4 Suppl):S152-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.032.</citation>
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  </reference>
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    <citation>Su EJ. Role of the fetoplacental endothelium in fetal growth restriction with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Oct;213(4 Suppl):S123-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.038.</citation>
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    <PMID>25343232</PMID>
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  <reference>
    <citation>Gratacos E, Lewi L, Munoz B, Acosta-Rojas R, Hernandez-Andrade E, Martinez JM, Carreras E, Deprest J. A classification system for selective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic pregnancies according to umbilical artery Doppler flow in the smaller twin. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jul;30(1):28-34. doi: 10.1002/uog.4046.</citation>
    <PMID>17542039</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ishii K, Murakoshi T, Takahashi Y, Shinno T, Matsushita M, Naruse H, Torii Y, Sumie M, Nakata M. Perinatal outcome of monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction and different types of umbilical artery Doppler under expectant management. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2009;26(3):157-61. doi: 10.1159/000253880. Epub 2009 Oct 28.</citation>
    <PMID>19864880</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Gratacos E, Carreras E, Becker J, Lewi L, Enriquez G, Perapoch J, Higueras T, Cabero L, Deprest J. Prevalence of neurological damage in monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction and intermittent absent or reversed end-diastolic umbilical artery flow. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Aug;24(2):159-63. doi: 10.1002/uog.1105.</citation>
    <PMID>15287053</PMID>
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    <PMID>25896405</PMID>
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  <verification_date>August 2016</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>January 10, 2017</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>January 16, 2017</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">January 19, 2017</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 19, 2017</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 19, 2017</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Estimate">January 20, 2017</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>monochorionic</keyword>
  <keyword>placental sharing</keyword>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Undecided</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03024918
org study id: S5877
nct id: NCT03024918
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
This is an observational study in 3 cohorts of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins. The aim
      of the study is to assess whether unequal placental sharing can be predicted in pregnancy and
      whether it is predictive of pregnancy outcome.
In all cohorts, serial ultrasound will be performed during pregnancy. MRI will be offered
      once during pregnancy. After delivery, placental examination will be performed.

      In unselected MCDA twins, the investigators will assess the relationship between unequal
      placental sharing and the risk of fetal or neonatal loss. The investigators will also
      establish whether umbilical vein measurements or MRI can be used to predict placental
      sharing.

      In cases complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), the investigators will look
      at the association between unequal placental sharing and intrauterine fetal demise after
      laser surgery.

      In cases complicated by selective intra-uterine growth restriction (sIUGR), the the
      relationship between unequal placental sharing and the risk of fetal or neonatal loss and
      birth prior to 34 weeks will be assessed.

      Furthermore, data on neurological outcome at 2 years of age in all cohorts will be collected.
observational model: Cohort
time perspective: Prospective
measure: MCDA cohort: the association between unequal sharing and risk of fetal or neonatal loss (assessed by review of obstetric and pediatric records)
time frame: 2 weeks after expected date of birth
measure: TTTS cohort: the association between unequal sharing and intrauterine fetal death (assessed by review of obstetric records)
time frame: 2 weeks after expected date of birth
measure: sIUGR cohort: the association between unequal sharing and risk of fetal or neonatal loss and birth prior to 34 weeks (assessed by review of obstetric and pediatric records)
time frame: 2 weeks after expected date of birth
measure: The correlation between prenatal ultrasound and MRI variables and placental sharing as assessed by postnatal imaging (all cohorts)
time frame: 2 weeks after expected date of birth
measure: The association between unequal sharing and intact survival (all cohorts) (assessed by review of obstetric and pediatric records and parent questionnaire)
time frame: 2 years after expected date of birth
arm group label: MCDA cohort
description: Unselected monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies, included between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation
arm group label: TTTS cohort
description: Pregnancies complicated by twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) undergoing laser treatment, included at the time of diagnosis or referral
arm group label: sIUGR cohort
description: Pregnancies complicated by selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), included at the time of diagnosis or referral. We define sIUGR as a discordance in estimated fetal weight of ≥ 20%.
placental samples
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: Female
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Liesbeth Lewi
role: Study Chair
affiliation: UZ Leuven
last name: Isabel Couck
phone: +32 16 34 22 94
email: isabel.couck@uzleuven.be
last name: Liesbeth Lewi
email: liesbeth.lewi@uzleuven.be
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
contact backup: 
country: Belgium
url: http://www.monochorionictwins.org
description: Study website
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PMID: 18533114
citation: Lewi L, Gucciardo L, Huber A, Jani J, Van Mieghem T, Done E, Cannie M, Gratacos E, Diemert A, Hecher K, Lewi P, Deprest J. Clinical outcome and placental characteristics of monochorionic diamniotic twin pairs with early- and late-onset discordant growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Nov;199(5):511.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.04.022. Epub 2008 Jun 9.
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citation: Aston KI, Peterson CM, Carrell DT. Monozygotic twinning associated with assisted reproductive technologies: a review. Reproduction. 2008 Oct;136(4):377-86. doi: 10.1530/REP-08-0206. Epub 2008 Jun 24.
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citation: Lewi L, Deprest J, Hecher K. The vascular anastomoses in monochorionic twin pregnancies and their clinical consequences. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):19-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.09.025. Epub 2012 Sep 28.
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citation: Kent EM, Breathnach FM, Gillan JE, McAuliffe FM, Geary MP, Daly S, Higgins JR, Dornan J, Morrison JJ, Burke G, Higgins S, Carroll S, Dicker P, Manning F, Malone FD. Placental cord insertion and birthweight discordance in twin pregnancies: results of the national prospective ESPRiT Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Oct;205(4):376.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.06.077. Epub 2011 Jun 25.
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citation: Monk D. Genomic imprinting in the human placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Oct;213(4 Suppl):S152-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.032.
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citation: Su EJ. Role of the fetoplacental endothelium in fetal growth restriction with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Oct;213(4 Suppl):S123-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.038.
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citation: Su EJ, Xin H, Yin P, Dyson M, Coon J, Farrow KN, Mestan KK, Ernst LM. Impaired fetoplacental angiogenesis in growth-restricted fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery doppler velocimetry is mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jan;100(1):E30-40. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-2385.
PMID: 25343232
citation: Gratacos E, Lewi L, Munoz B, Acosta-Rojas R, Hernandez-Andrade E, Martinez JM, Carreras E, Deprest J. A classification system for selective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic pregnancies according to umbilical artery Doppler flow in the smaller twin. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jul;30(1):28-34. doi: 10.1002/uog.4046.
PMID: 17542039
citation: Ishii K, Murakoshi T, Takahashi Y, Shinno T, Matsushita M, Naruse H, Torii Y, Sumie M, Nakata M. Perinatal outcome of monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction and different types of umbilical artery Doppler under expectant management. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2009;26(3):157-61. doi: 10.1159/000253880. Epub 2009 Oct 28.
PMID: 19864880
citation: Gratacos E, Carreras E, Becker J, Lewi L, Enriquez G, Perapoch J, Higueras T, Cabero L, Deprest J. Prevalence of neurological damage in monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction and intermittent absent or reversed end-diastolic umbilical artery flow. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Aug;24(2):159-63. doi: 10.1002/uog.1105.
PMID: 15287053
citation: Peeva G, Bower S, Orosz L, Chaveeva P, Akolekar R, Nicolaides KH. Endoscopic Placental Laser Coagulation in Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins with Type II Selective Fetal Growth Restriction. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2015;38(2):86-93. doi: 10.1159/000374109. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
PMID: 25896405
citation: Parra-Cordero M, Bennasar M, Martinez JM, Eixarch E, Torres X, Gratacos E. Cord Occlusion in Monochorionic Twins with Early Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Abnormal Umbilical Artery Doppler: A Consecutive Series of 90 Cases. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2016;39(3):186-91. doi: 10.1159/000439023. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
PMID: 26344150
citation: Chalouhi GE, Marangoni MA, Quibel T, Deloison B, Benzina N, Essaoui M, Al Ibrahim A, Stirnemann JJ, Salomon LJ, Ville Y. Active management of selective intrauterine growth restriction with abnormal Doppler in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy. Prenat Diagn. 2013 Feb;33(2):109-15. doi: 10.1002/pd.4031. Epub 2012 Dec 26.
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citation: Derwig I, Lythgoe DJ, Barker GJ, Poon L, Gowland P, Yeung R, Zelaya F, Nicolaides K. Association of placental perfusion, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and uterine artery Doppler ultrasound, and its relationship to pregnancy outcome. Placenta. 2013 Oct;34(10):885-91. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.07.006. Epub 2013 Aug 9.
PMID: 23937958
citation: Lewi L, Cannie M, Blickstein I, Jani J, Huber A, Hecher K, Dymarkowski S, Gratacos E, Lewi P, Deprest J. Placental sharing, birthweight discordance, and vascular anastomoses in monochorionic diamniotic twin placentas. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Dec;197(6):587.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.05.009.
PMID: 18060944
citation: De Paepe ME, Shapiro S, Young L, Luks FI. Placental characteristics of selective birth weight discordance in diamniotic-monochorionic twin gestations. Placenta. 2010 May;31(5):380-6. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.02.018. Epub 2010 Mar 19.
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citation: Janzen C, Lei MY, Cho J, Sullivan P, Shin BC, Devaskar SU. Placental glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) is up-regulated in human pregnancies complicated by late-onset intrauterine growth restriction. Placenta. 2013 Nov;34(11):1072-8. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.08.010. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
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PMID: 22835491
citation: Zhang GL, He ZM, Shi XM, Gou CY, Gao Y, Fang Q. Discordant HIF1A mRNA levels and oxidative stress in placental shares of monochorionic twins with selective intra-uterine growth restriction. Placenta. 2015 Mar;36(3):297-303. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.12.019. Epub 2014 Dec 30.
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citation: Schrey S, Kingdom J, Baczyk D, Fitzgerald B, Keating S, Ryan G, Drewlo S. Leptin is differentially expressed and epigenetically regulated across monochorionic twin placenta with discordant fetal growth. Mol Hum Reprod. 2013 Nov;19(11):764-72. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gat048. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
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citation: Liao TB, Nomura RM, Liao AW, Francisco RP, Zugaib M. Fetal venous circulation in monochorionic twin pregnancies with placental insufficiency: prediction of acidemia at birth or intrauterine fetal death. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Apr;43(4):426-31. doi: 10.1002/uog.12549. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
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PMID: 25575119
responsible party type: Sponsor
sharing ipd: Undecided