<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02256319</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>DEXPROPAR</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02256319</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Dexmedetomidine vs Propofol on the Recordings of Deep Brain Activity Measured Through Implanted Stimulators</brief_title>
  <acronym>DEXPROPAR</acronym>
  <official_title>Effects of Dexmedetomidine vs Propofol on the Recordings of Deep Brain Activity (Local Field Potentials) Measured Through Implanted Stimulators</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      This clinical trial has been designed to study and compare changes in deep brain activity&#xD;
      (field potentials) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients while awake, and during sedation with&#xD;
      dexmedetomidine or propofol. The recording is made through a deep brain stimulation (DBS)&#xD;
      electrode implanted for PD management.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The investigators hypothesize that dexmedetomidine produces fewer changes as compared to&#xD;
      propofol, and that those changes are consistent and recognizable when compared to activity in&#xD;
      patients not exposed to any sedation. Typification of those changes would in the future allow&#xD;
      for patients to undergo this surgery comfortably while not compromising the quality of the&#xD;
      recording and of the final clinical outcome. The principal variable analyzed is the signal's&#xD;
      power in each of the frequency bands, absolute and relative. The analysis will include usual&#xD;
      clinical methods such as rapid Fourier transform (FFT) and window fast Fourier transform&#xD;
      (WFFT), wavelet analysis, Gabor, and coherence.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Comparative clinical trial, non blinded, controlled and sequential, evaluating the effects of&#xD;
      propofol and dexmedetomidine in the basal ganglia of PD patients through a DBS electrode.&#xD;
&#xD;
      It is a phase IV clinical trial evaluating the effects of a drug outside the approved.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The study takes part in three phases:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. DBS placement under sedation with dexmedetomidine at 0.2 μg/kg/h. This will be called&#xD;
           &quot;dexmedetomidine record&quot;.&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. Four days later and with no sedation, a recording will be registered in one of the&#xD;
           specialized electrically isolated rooms at the Neurophysiology Department. This will be&#xD;
           dubbed &quot;basal recording&quot;. The equipment used is also the standard one used for routine&#xD;
           postoperative recordings.&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. 5 days after the initial surgery, and following the protocol in place for these&#xD;
           procedures, the tunnelization and battery placement will take place. This is done under&#xD;
           general anaesthesia. During anaesthetic induction, the patient is exposed to incremental&#xD;
           doses of propofol. Different plasmatic concentrations will be targeted using the&#xD;
           mathematical model in the target controlled infusion (TCI) pump. These recordings will&#xD;
           be called &quot;propofol at a 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 μg/mL&quot;.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date>September 2014</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">December 2015</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 2015</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>Phase 4</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Non-Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Crossover Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Supportive Care</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Signal power of the local field potentials.</measure>
    <time_frame>5 minutes for each record</time_frame>
    <description>Signal power separated in bandwidth (theta, slow beta, fast beta, gamma, high frequency); absolute and relative. The comparison will be made between the different measurements: dexmedetomidine, basal and propofol.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>UPDRS-III score</measure>
    <time_frame>2 minutes for each score</time_frame>
    <description>Changes in UPDRS-III score with dexmedetomidine and propofol</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>3</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">12</enrollment>
  <condition>Parkinson's Disease</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Dexmedetomidine recording</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Recording registered through the deep brain stimulation electrodes with dexmedetomidine at 0.2 μg/kg/h.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Propofol recording</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Recording registered through the deep brain stimulation electrodes with propofol at plasmatic levels of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 μg/mL.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Basal recording</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>Recording registered through the deep brain stimulation electrodes with no sedation .</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Dexmedetomidine</intervention_name>
    <description>Patients will receive a loading dose of 1 µg/kg in 10 min before starting the surgery. The maintenance dose will be 0.2-1 µg/kg/h for a Ramsey Sedation Score of 3-4 during the surgery´s preparation. It will be reduced to 0.2 µg/kg/h 15 min before starting the microelectrode recording for a Ramsey Sedation Score of 2. After the placement of the deep brain stimulator we will record the local field potentials activity. In addition, the subscales of rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) score will be evaluated. Once the deep brain stimulator recording and neurologic exploration will be over patients will receive a maintenance dose 0.2-1 µg/kg/h until the end of the surgery. It will be stopped to transfer the patient to the ICU.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Dexmedetomidine recording</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>(S)-4-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-3H-imidazole</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Drug</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Propofol</intervention_name>
    <description>The target doses are 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 µg/kg. For its administration we will use the TCI (target controlled infusion) system. After programming each dose we will wait until the plasma and brain concentration of propofol are stabilized in this target and then we will record the local field potentials activity through the DBS. In addition, the subscales of rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia of the UPDRS-III score will be evaluated.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Propofol recording</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>2,6-diisopropylphenol</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Capacity to understand, consent and commit for the three phases of the study.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Older than 18 years old.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  The patient is scheduled for DBS electrode placement for PD treatment by his&#xD;
             neurologist.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Allergy or hypersensibility to dexmedetomidine or propofol&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Cardiac blockade (types 2 and 3) without an implanted pacemaker&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Low blood pressure (mean &lt; 60 mmHg) or symptoms of low cardiac output.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Severe cerebrovascular disease.&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Pregnancy or nursing mothers.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Martínez S Antonio, Doctor</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Staff of the deparment of Anestesiology</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>University of Navarra Clinic</name>
      <address>
        <city>Pamplona</city>
        <state>Navarra</state>
        <zip>31008</zip>
        <country>Spain</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Spain</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Krack P, Batir A, Van Blercom N, Chabardes S, Fraix V, Ardouin C, Koudsie A, Limousin PD, Benazzouz A, LeBas JF, Benabid AL, Pollak P. Five-year follow-up of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 2003 Nov 13;349(20):1925-34. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa035275.</citation>
    <PMID>14614167</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hamani C, Richter E, Schwalb JM, Lozano AM. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of the clinical literature. Neurosurgery. 2005 Jun;56(6):1313-21; discussion 1321-4. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000159714.28232.c4.</citation>
    <PMID>15918948</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Poon CC, Irwin MG. Anaesthesia for deep brain stimulation and in patients with implanted neurostimulator devices. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Aug;103(2):152-65. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep179. Epub 2009 Jun 25.</citation>
    <PMID>19556271</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Sassi M, Zekaj E, Grotta A, Pollini A, Pellanda A, Borroni M, Pacchetti C, Menghetti C, Porta M, Servello D. Safety in the use of dexmedetomidine (precedex) for deep brain stimulation surgery: our experience in 23 randomized patients. Neuromodulation. 2013 Sep-Oct;16(5):401-6; discussion 406. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2012.00483.x. Epub 2012 Jul 10.</citation>
    <PMID>22780449</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rozet I, Muangman S, Vavilala MS, Lee LA, Souter MJ, Domino KJ, Slimp JC, Goodkin R, Lam AM. Clinical experience with dexmedetomidine for implantation of deep brain stimulators in Parkinson's disease. Anesth Analg. 2006 Nov;103(5):1224-8. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000239331.53085.94.</citation>
    <PMID>17056959</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Reck C, Florin E, Wojtecki L, Krause H, Groiss S, Voges J, Maarouf M, Sturm V, Schnitzler A, Timmermann L. Characterisation of tremor-associated local field potentials in the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Feb;29(3):599-612. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06597.x. Epub 2009 Jan 28.</citation>
    <PMID>19187268</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Lopez-Azcarate J, Garcia-Garcia D, Alegre M, Toledo J, Valencia M, Guridi J, Artieda J, Obeso JA. Involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in impulse control disorders associated with Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2011 Jan;134(Pt 1):36-49. doi: 10.1093/brain/awq301. Epub 2010 Nov 8.</citation>
    <PMID>21059746</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Urrestarazu E, Iriarte J, Alegre M, Clavero P, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Guridi J, Obeso JA, Artieda J. Beta activity in the subthalamic nucleus during sleep in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2009 Jan 30;24(2):254-60. doi: 10.1002/mds.22351.</citation>
    <PMID>18951542</PMID>
  </reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Obeso JA, Lang AE, Houeto JL, Pollak P, Rehncrona S, Kulisevsky J, Albanese A, Volkmann J, Hariz MI, Quinn NP, Speelman JD, Guridi J, Zamarbide I, Gironell A, Molet J, Pascual-Sedano B, Pidoux B, Bonnet AM, Agid Y, Xie J, Benabid AL, Lozano AM, Saint-Cyr J, Romito L, Contarino MF, Scerrati M, Fraix V, Van Blercom N. Bilateral deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a multicentre study with 4 years follow-up. Brain. 2005 Oct;128(Pt 10):2240-9. doi: 10.1093/brain/awh571. Epub 2005 Jun 23.</citation>
    <PMID>15975946</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Venkatraghavan L, Manninen P. Anesthesia for deep brain stimulation. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011 Oct;24(5):495-9. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32834a894c.</citation>
    <PMID>21772140</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Venkatraghavan L, Luciano M, Manninen P. Review article: anesthetic management of patients undergoing deep brain stimulator insertion. Anesth Analg. 2010 Apr 1;110(4):1138-45. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181d2a782. Epub 2010 Feb 8.</citation>
    <PMID>20142347</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Raz A, Eimerl D, Zaidel A, Bergman H, Israel Z. Propofol decreases neuronal population spiking activity in the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinsonian patients. Anesth Analg. 2010 Nov;111(5):1285-9. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181f565f2. Epub 2010 Sep 14.</citation>
    <PMID>20841416</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Steigerwald F, Hinz L, Pinsker MO, Herzog J, Stiller RU, Kopper F, Mehdorn HM, Deuschl G, Volkmann J. Effect of propofol anesthesia on pallidal neuronal discharges in generalized dystonia. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Oct 7;386(3):156-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.012.</citation>
    <PMID>16024174</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Rozet I. Anesthesia for functional neurosurgery: the role of dexmedetomidine. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008 Oct;21(5):537-43. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32830edafd.</citation>
    <PMID>18784476</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Elias WJ, Durieux ME, Huss D, Frysinger RC. Dexmedetomidine and arousal affect subthalamic neurons. Mov Disord. 2008 Jul 15;23(9):1317-20. doi: 10.1002/mds.22080. Erratum In: Mov Disord. 2008 Aug 15;23(11):1638.</citation>
    <PMID>18442130</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>February 2015</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>September 30, 2014</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>October 2, 2014</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">October 3, 2014</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>December 17, 2015</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>December 17, 2015</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Estimate">December 18, 2015</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Deep brain stimulation</keyword>
  <keyword>Dexmedetomidine</keyword>
  <keyword>Propofol</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Parkinson Disease</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <intervention_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Dexmedetomidine</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Propofol</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Imidazole</mesh_term>
  </intervention_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02256319
org study id: DEXPROPAR
nct id: NCT02256319
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
This clinical trial has been designed to study and compare changes in deep brain activity
      (field potentials) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients while awake, and during sedation with
      dexmedetomidine or propofol. The recording is made through a deep brain stimulation (DBS)
      electrode implanted for PD management.

      The investigators hypothesize that dexmedetomidine produces fewer changes as compared to
      propofol, and that those changes are consistent and recognizable when compared to activity in
      patients not exposed to any sedation. Typification of those changes would in the future allow
      for patients to undergo this surgery comfortably while not compromising the quality of the
      recording and of the final clinical outcome. The principal variable analyzed is the signal's
      power in each of the frequency bands, absolute and relative. The analysis will include usual
      clinical methods such as rapid Fourier transform (FFT) and window fast Fourier transform
      (WFFT), wavelet analysis, Gabor, and coherence.
Comparative clinical trial, non blinded, controlled and sequential, evaluating the effects of
      propofol and dexmedetomidine in the basal ganglia of PD patients through a DBS electrode.

      It is a phase IV clinical trial evaluating the effects of a drug outside the approved.

      The study takes part in three phases:

        1. DBS placement under sedation with dexmedetomidine at 0.2 μg/kg/h. This will be called
           "dexmedetomidine record".

        2. Four days later and with no sedation, a recording will be registered in one of the
           specialized electrically isolated rooms at the Neurophysiology Department. This will be
           dubbed "basal recording". The equipment used is also the standard one used for routine
           postoperative recordings.

        3. 5 days after the initial surgery, and following the protocol in place for these
           procedures, the tunnelization and battery placement will take place. This is done under
           general anaesthesia. During anaesthetic induction, the patient is exposed to incremental
           doses of propofol. Different plasmatic concentrations will be targeted using the
           mathematical model in the target controlled infusion (TCI) pump. These recordings will
           be called "propofol at a 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 μg/mL".
allocation: Non-Randomized
intervention model: Crossover Assignment
primary purpose: Supportive Care
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Signal power of the local field potentials.
time frame: 5 minutes for each record
description: Signal power separated in bandwidth (theta, slow beta, fast beta, gamma, high frequency); absolute and relative. The comparison will be made between the different measurements: dexmedetomidine, basal and propofol.
measure: UPDRS-III score
time frame: 2 minutes for each score
description: Changes in UPDRS-III score with dexmedetomidine and propofol
arm group label: Dexmedetomidine recording
arm group type: Experimental
description: Recording registered through the deep brain stimulation electrodes with dexmedetomidine at 0.2 μg/kg/h.
arm group label: Propofol recording
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Recording registered through the deep brain stimulation electrodes with propofol at plasmatic levels of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 μg/mL.
arm group label: Basal recording
arm group type: No Intervention
description: Recording registered through the deep brain stimulation electrodes with no sedation .
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Dexmedetomidine
description: Patients will receive a loading dose of 1 µg/kg in 10 min before starting the surgery. The maintenance dose will be 0.2-1 µg/kg/h for a Ramsey Sedation Score of 3-4 during the surgery´s preparation. It will be reduced to 0.2 µg/kg/h 15 min before starting the microelectrode recording for a Ramsey Sedation Score of 2. After the placement of the deep brain stimulator we will record the local field potentials activity. In addition, the subscales of rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) score will be evaluated. Once the deep brain stimulator recording and neurologic exploration will be over patients will receive a maintenance dose 0.2-1 µg/kg/h until the end of the surgery. It will be stopped to transfer the patient to the ICU.
arm group label: Dexmedetomidine recording
other name: (S)-4-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-3H-imidazole
intervention type: Drug
intervention name: Propofol
description: The target doses are 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 µg/kg. For its administration we will use the TCI (target controlled infusion) system. After programming each dose we will wait until the plasma and brain concentration of propofol are stabilized in this target and then we will record the local field potentials activity through the DBS. In addition, the subscales of rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia of the UPDRS-III score will be evaluated.
arm group label: Propofol recording
other name: 2,6-diisopropylphenol
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Martínez S Antonio, Doctor
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Staff of the deparment of Anestesiology
facility: 
country: Spain
citation: Krack P, Batir A, Van Blercom N, Chabardes S, Fraix V, Ardouin C, Koudsie A, Limousin PD, Benazzouz A, LeBas JF, Benabid AL, Pollak P. Five-year follow-up of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 2003 Nov 13;349(20):1925-34. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa035275.
PMID: 14614167
citation: Hamani C, Richter E, Schwalb JM, Lozano AM. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of the clinical literature. Neurosurgery. 2005 Jun;56(6):1313-21; discussion 1321-4. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000159714.28232.c4.
PMID: 15918948
citation: Poon CC, Irwin MG. Anaesthesia for deep brain stimulation and in patients with implanted neurostimulator devices. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Aug;103(2):152-65. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep179. Epub 2009 Jun 25.
PMID: 19556271
citation: Sassi M, Zekaj E, Grotta A, Pollini A, Pellanda A, Borroni M, Pacchetti C, Menghetti C, Porta M, Servello D. Safety in the use of dexmedetomidine (precedex) for deep brain stimulation surgery: our experience in 23 randomized patients. Neuromodulation. 2013 Sep-Oct;16(5):401-6; discussion 406. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2012.00483.x. Epub 2012 Jul 10.
PMID: 22780449
citation: Rozet I, Muangman S, Vavilala MS, Lee LA, Souter MJ, Domino KJ, Slimp JC, Goodkin R, Lam AM. Clinical experience with dexmedetomidine for implantation of deep brain stimulators in Parkinson's disease. Anesth Analg. 2006 Nov;103(5):1224-8. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000239331.53085.94.
PMID: 17056959
citation: Reck C, Florin E, Wojtecki L, Krause H, Groiss S, Voges J, Maarouf M, Sturm V, Schnitzler A, Timmermann L. Characterisation of tremor-associated local field potentials in the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Feb;29(3):599-612. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06597.x. Epub 2009 Jan 28.
PMID: 19187268
citation: Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Lopez-Azcarate J, Garcia-Garcia D, Alegre M, Toledo J, Valencia M, Guridi J, Artieda J, Obeso JA. Involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in impulse control disorders associated with Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2011 Jan;134(Pt 1):36-49. doi: 10.1093/brain/awq301. Epub 2010 Nov 8.
PMID: 21059746
citation: Urrestarazu E, Iriarte J, Alegre M, Clavero P, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Guridi J, Obeso JA, Artieda J. Beta activity in the subthalamic nucleus during sleep in patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2009 Jan 30;24(2):254-60. doi: 10.1002/mds.22351.
PMID: 18951542
citation: Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Obeso JA, Lang AE, Houeto JL, Pollak P, Rehncrona S, Kulisevsky J, Albanese A, Volkmann J, Hariz MI, Quinn NP, Speelman JD, Guridi J, Zamarbide I, Gironell A, Molet J, Pascual-Sedano B, Pidoux B, Bonnet AM, Agid Y, Xie J, Benabid AL, Lozano AM, Saint-Cyr J, Romito L, Contarino MF, Scerrati M, Fraix V, Van Blercom N. Bilateral deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a multicentre study with 4 years follow-up. Brain. 2005 Oct;128(Pt 10):2240-9. doi: 10.1093/brain/awh571. Epub 2005 Jun 23.
PMID: 15975946
citation: Venkatraghavan L, Manninen P. Anesthesia for deep brain stimulation. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011 Oct;24(5):495-9. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32834a894c.
PMID: 21772140
citation: Venkatraghavan L, Luciano M, Manninen P. Review article: anesthetic management of patients undergoing deep brain stimulator insertion. Anesth Analg. 2010 Apr 1;110(4):1138-45. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181d2a782. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
PMID: 20142347
citation: Raz A, Eimerl D, Zaidel A, Bergman H, Israel Z. Propofol decreases neuronal population spiking activity in the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinsonian patients. Anesth Analg. 2010 Nov;111(5):1285-9. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181f565f2. Epub 2010 Sep 14.
PMID: 20841416
citation: Steigerwald F, Hinz L, Pinsker MO, Herzog J, Stiller RU, Kopper F, Mehdorn HM, Deuschl G, Volkmann J. Effect of propofol anesthesia on pallidal neuronal discharges in generalized dystonia. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Oct 7;386(3):156-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.012.
PMID: 16024174
citation: Rozet I. Anesthesia for functional neurosurgery: the role of dexmedetomidine. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008 Oct;21(5):537-43. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32830edafd.
PMID: 18784476
citation: Elias WJ, Durieux ME, Huss D, Frysinger RC. Dexmedetomidine and arousal affect subthalamic neurons. Mov Disord. 2008 Jul 15;23(9):1317-20. doi: 10.1002/mds.22080. Erratum In: Mov Disord. 2008 Aug 15;23(11):1638.
PMID: 18442130
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Parkinson Disease
mesh term: Dexmedetomidine
mesh term: Propofol
mesh term: Imidazole