<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02217293</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>TSGHIRB: 1-101-05-049</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02217293</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency of the Median Nerve Under Ultrasound Guidance in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</brief_title>
  <official_title>Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency of the Median Nerve Under Ultrasound Guidance in Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Tri-Service General Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Tri-Service General Hospital</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy. Although&#xD;
      many conservative forms of management including the use of wrist splint, steroid injections&#xD;
      and therapeutic ultrasound are applicable, their effectiveness is typically insignificant or&#xD;
      short-lived.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment, a relative novel pain intervention at recent decade,&#xD;
      was found to be able to alleviate pain for certain kinds of chronic pain conditions without&#xD;
      damaging nerve. However, the application of PRF in CTS is scarce.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The purpose of this study was to assess the analgesic effect and prognosis of&#xD;
      ultrasound-guided PRF in the median nerve in patients with CTS.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Background and Purpose:&#xD;
&#xD;
      Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy. Although&#xD;
      many conservative forms of management including the use of wrist splint, steroid injections&#xD;
      and therapeutic ultrasound are applicable, their effectiveness is typically insignificant or&#xD;
      short-lived.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment, a relative novel pain intervention at recent decade,&#xD;
      was found to be able to alleviate pain for certain kinds of chronic pain conditions without&#xD;
      damaging nerve. However, the application of PRF in CTS is scarce. The purpose of this study&#xD;
      was to assess the analgesic effect and prognosis of ultrasound-guided PRF in the median nerve&#xD;
      in patients with CTS.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Study design Duration: 2012/1/1 to 2012/12/31. Subjects: Outpatient subjects who had typical&#xD;
      symptoms and signs of CTS, such as positive Tinel's sign or Phalen's test and&#xD;
      numbness/tingling in at least two of the first, second, and third digits and were all&#xD;
      confirmed by electrophysiological study, were considered and enrolled. The patients who had&#xD;
      conditions mimicking CTS, such as cervical radiculopathy, polyneuropathy, brachial&#xD;
      plexopathy, thoracic outlet syndrome or who had previous wrist surgery or steroid injection&#xD;
      for CTS, were all excluded. Patient number: 40. Methods: The enrolled patients were&#xD;
      randomized into two groups as the intervention group, who received one dose of PRF and the&#xD;
      control group, who did not received RPF treatment by using drawing sealed envelope. To&#xD;
      provide fundamental medical care of CTS, a wrist night splint was prescribed for each subject&#xD;
      in both groups. Patients were ordered to wear the splint while resting at night and at least&#xD;
      8 hours per day during the period of study. All procedures were conducted by single&#xD;
      physician. All the measurements were performed by single physician who was blinded for the&#xD;
      randomization, and the evaluation time was performed before intervention as well as the 1st,&#xD;
      4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment. All patients were instructed to keep away from&#xD;
      getting any other treatments for their pain or discomfort resulting from CTS including&#xD;
      analgesic agents, injection or acupuncture etc. during the period of follow-up. They were&#xD;
      asked to notify us if they had taken these therapies.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Outcome measurements:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. Visual analog scale (VAS): The severity of digital pain during any activity most time&#xD;
           per day was marked down in the pain scale. Each patient reported the VAS score every day&#xD;
           at the same time after the initial treatment until 2 consecutive days reaching the&#xD;
           definition of onset time which was defined as the day the VAS score had declined by 40%&#xD;
           or more.&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ).&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. Cross-sectional area of the median nerve: It was measured at the proximal inlet of the&#xD;
           carpal tunnel (level with the pisiform bone) by the same physician.&#xD;
&#xD;
        4. Sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of median nerve.&#xD;
&#xD;
        5. Finger pinch. Data analysis: Demographic data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test&#xD;
           for continuous data and X2 test for categorical data. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was&#xD;
           used to compare the outcome measures within each group of patients. The outcomes at each&#xD;
           follow-up period were compared with the baseline values and differences between both&#xD;
           groups were investigated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Comparability of change of VAS&#xD;
           score and finger pinch measurements among the two groups was assessed using Mann-Whitney&#xD;
           U test. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date>November 2012</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">September 2013</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">September 2013</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Single (Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change from baseline of pain on1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre-treatment, 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.</time_frame>
    <description>Using the Visual analog scale (VAS) to measure the pain scale before treatment and multiple time frame after treatment.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change from baseline in severity of symptoms and functional status on 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre-treatment, 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.</time_frame>
    <description>Using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire to measure the symptoms and functional status before treatment and multiple time frame after treatment.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change from baseline in cross-sectional area of the median nerve on 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre-treatment, 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.</time_frame>
    <description>Using the musculoskeletal sonogram to measure the cross-sectional area of the median nerve.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change from baseline in conduction velocity, ampliture of median nerve on 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre-treatment, 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.</time_frame>
    <description>The antidromic sensory nerve conduction velocityof the median nerve was performed on all subjects according to the protocol reported by the American Academy of Neurology with SierraWave, Cadwell (USA). The median nerve was stimulated at the wrist between the palmar longus and flexor carpal radialis tendon at a distance of approximately 14 cm from the active electrode.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Change from baseline in finger pinch on 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.</measure>
    <time_frame>Pre-treatment, 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.</time_frame>
    <description>The finger pinch strength was measured using Jamar dynamometer (Fabrication Enterprises Inc., USA). The subject was seated with shoulder adducted and neutrally rotated with the elbow flexed at 90°. The forearm and wrist were positioned in a neutral position for the palmar pinch</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">44</enrollment>
  <condition>Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Pulsed Radiofrequency</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment, a relative novel pain intervention at recent decade, was found to be able to alleviate pain by delivering an electrical field and heat bursts at a temperature less than 42°C to neural tissue in the absence of neural injury</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Night splint</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>The wrist night splint was firmly fixed in a neutral position to immobilize the affected wrist. Patients were ordered to wear the splint while resting at night and at least 8 hours per day during the period of study</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Pulsed Radiofrequency</intervention_name>
    <description>Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment, a relative novel pain intervention at recent decade, was found to be able to alleviate pain by delivering an electrical field and heat bursts at a temperature less than 42°C to neural tissue in the absence of neural injury. The ultrasound-guided PRF was performed before night splint in intervention group.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Pulsed Radiofrequency</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Neurotherm NT1000, Neurotherm Inc., USA</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Outpatient subjects who had typical symptoms and signs of CTS, such as positive&#xD;
             Tinel's sign or Phalen's test and numbness/tingling in at least two of the first,&#xD;
             second, and third digits and were all confirmed by electrophysiological study, were&#xD;
             considered and enrolled.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  The patients who had conditions mimicking CTS, such as cervical radiculopathy,&#xD;
             polyneuropathy, brachial plexopathy, thoracic outlet syndrome or who had previous&#xD;
             wrist surgery or steroid injection for CTS&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>80 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Liang-Cheng Chen, MD, MS</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center</name>
      <address>
        <city>Taipei</city>
        <state>Neihu</state>
        <zip>886</zip>
        <country>Taiwan</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Taiwan</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R, Ornstein E, Ranstam J, Rosen I. [Prevalence for clinically proved carpal tunnel syndrome is 4 percent]. Lakartidningen. 2000 Apr 5;97(14):1668-70. Swedish.</citation>
    <PMID>10815392</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>O'Connor D, Marshall S, Massy-Westropp N. Non-surgical treatment (other than steroid injection) for carpal tunnel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;2003(1):CD003219. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003219.</citation>
    <PMID>12535461</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Katz JN, Keller RB, Simmons BP, Rogers WD, Bessette L, Fossel AH, Mooney NA. Maine Carpal Tunnel Study: outcomes of operative and nonoperative therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome in a community-based cohort. J Hand Surg Am. 1998 Jul;23(4):697-710. doi: 10.1016/S0363-5023(98)80058-0. Erratum In: J Hand Surg [Am] 1999 Jan;24(1):201.</citation>
    <PMID>9708386</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Chua NH, Vissers KC, Sluijter ME. Pulsed radiofrequency treatment in interventional pain management: mechanisms and potential indications-a review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2011 Apr;153(4):763-71. doi: 10.1007/s00701-010-0881-5. Epub 2010 Nov 30.</citation>
    <PMID>21116663</PMID>
  </reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Werner RA, Andary M. Carpal tunnel syndrome: pathophysiology and clinical neurophysiology. Clin Neurophysiol. 2002 Sep;113(9):1373-81. doi: 10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00169-4.</citation>
    <PMID>12169318</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Haider N, Mekasha D, Chiravuri S, Wasserman R. Pulsed radiofrequency of the median nerve under ultrasound guidance. Pain Physician. 2007 Nov;10(6):765-70.</citation>
    <PMID>17987099</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <results_reference>
    <citation>Wong SM, Griffith JF, Hui AC, Tang A, Wong KS. Discriminatory sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Jul;46(7):1914-21. doi: 10.1002/art.10385.</citation>
    <PMID>12124876</PMID>
  </results_reference>
  <verification_date>August 2014</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>August 12, 2014</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 13, 2014</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">August 15, 2014</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>August 13, 2014</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>August 13, 2014</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Estimate">August 15, 2014</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Tri-Service General Hospital</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Yung-Tsan Wu</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Attending Physician</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Pulsed radiofrequency</keyword>
  <keyword>Ultrasound-guided</keyword>
  <keyword>Carpal tunnel syndrome</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Carpal Tunnel Syndrome</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Syndrome</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02217293
org study id: TSGHIRB: 1-101-05-049
nct id: NCT02217293
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy. Although
      many conservative forms of management including the use of wrist splint, steroid injections
      and therapeutic ultrasound are applicable, their effectiveness is typically insignificant or
      short-lived.

      Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment, a relative novel pain intervention at recent decade,
      was found to be able to alleviate pain for certain kinds of chronic pain conditions without
      damaging nerve. However, the application of PRF in CTS is scarce.

      The purpose of this study was to assess the analgesic effect and prognosis of
      ultrasound-guided PRF in the median nerve in patients with CTS.
Background and Purpose:

      Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy. Although
      many conservative forms of management including the use of wrist splint, steroid injections
      and therapeutic ultrasound are applicable, their effectiveness is typically insignificant or
      short-lived.

      Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment, a relative novel pain intervention at recent decade,
      was found to be able to alleviate pain for certain kinds of chronic pain conditions without
      damaging nerve. However, the application of PRF in CTS is scarce. The purpose of this study
      was to assess the analgesic effect and prognosis of ultrasound-guided PRF in the median nerve
      in patients with CTS.

      Study design Duration: 2012/1/1 to 2012/12/31. Subjects: Outpatient subjects who had typical
      symptoms and signs of CTS, such as positive Tinel's sign or Phalen's test and
      numbness/tingling in at least two of the first, second, and third digits and were all
      confirmed by electrophysiological study, were considered and enrolled. The patients who had
      conditions mimicking CTS, such as cervical radiculopathy, polyneuropathy, brachial
      plexopathy, thoracic outlet syndrome or who had previous wrist surgery or steroid injection
      for CTS, were all excluded. Patient number: 40. Methods: The enrolled patients were
      randomized into two groups as the intervention group, who received one dose of PRF and the
      control group, who did not received RPF treatment by using drawing sealed envelope. To
      provide fundamental medical care of CTS, a wrist night splint was prescribed for each subject
      in both groups. Patients were ordered to wear the splint while resting at night and at least
      8 hours per day during the period of study. All procedures were conducted by single
      physician. All the measurements were performed by single physician who was blinded for the
      randomization, and the evaluation time was performed before intervention as well as the 1st,
      4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment. All patients were instructed to keep away from
      getting any other treatments for their pain or discomfort resulting from CTS including
      analgesic agents, injection or acupuncture etc. during the period of follow-up. They were
      asked to notify us if they had taken these therapies.

      Outcome measurements:

        1. Visual analog scale (VAS): The severity of digital pain during any activity most time
           per day was marked down in the pain scale. Each patient reported the VAS score every day
           at the same time after the initial treatment until 2 consecutive days reaching the
           definition of onset time which was defined as the day the VAS score had declined by 40%
           or more.

        2. Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ).

        3. Cross-sectional area of the median nerve: It was measured at the proximal inlet of the
           carpal tunnel (level with the pisiform bone) by the same physician.

        4. Sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of median nerve.

        5. Finger pinch. Data analysis: Demographic data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test
           for continuous data and X2 test for categorical data. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was
           used to compare the outcome measures within each group of patients. The outcomes at each
           follow-up period were compared with the baseline values and differences between both
           groups were investigated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Comparability of change of VAS
           score and finger pinch measurements among the two groups was assessed using Mann-Whitney
           U test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Change from baseline of pain on1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.
time frame: Pre-treatment, 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.
description: Using the Visual analog scale (VAS) to measure the pain scale before treatment and multiple time frame after treatment.
measure: Change from baseline in severity of symptoms and functional status on 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.
time frame: Pre-treatment, 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.
description: Using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire to measure the symptoms and functional status before treatment and multiple time frame after treatment.
measure: Change from baseline in cross-sectional area of the median nerve on 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.
time frame: Pre-treatment, 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.
description: Using the musculoskeletal sonogram to measure the cross-sectional area of the median nerve.
measure: Change from baseline in conduction velocity, ampliture of median nerve on 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.
time frame: Pre-treatment, 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.
description: The antidromic sensory nerve conduction velocityof the median nerve was performed on all subjects according to the protocol reported by the American Academy of Neurology with SierraWave, Cadwell (USA). The median nerve was stimulated at the wrist between the palmar longus and flexor carpal radialis tendon at a distance of approximately 14 cm from the active electrode.
measure: Change from baseline in finger pinch on 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.
time frame: Pre-treatment, 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after treatment.
description: The finger pinch strength was measured using Jamar dynamometer (Fabrication Enterprises Inc., USA). The subject was seated with shoulder adducted and neutrally rotated with the elbow flexed at 90°. The forearm and wrist were positioned in a neutral position for the palmar pinch
arm group label: Pulsed Radiofrequency
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment, a relative novel pain intervention at recent decade, was found to be able to alleviate pain by delivering an electrical field and heat bursts at a temperature less than 42°C to neural tissue in the absence of neural injury
arm group label: Night splint
arm group type: No Intervention
description: The wrist night splint was firmly fixed in a neutral position to immobilize the affected wrist. Patients were ordered to wear the splint while resting at night and at least 8 hours per day during the period of study
intervention type: Device
intervention name: Pulsed Radiofrequency
description: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment, a relative novel pain intervention at recent decade, was found to be able to alleviate pain by delivering an electrical field and heat bursts at a temperature less than 42°C to neural tissue in the absence of neural injury. The ultrasound-guided PRF was performed before night splint in intervention group.
arm group label: Pulsed Radiofrequency
other name: Neurotherm NT1000, Neurotherm Inc., USA
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 80 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Liang-Cheng Chen, MD, MS
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center
facility: 
country: Taiwan
citation: Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Johnsson R, Ornstein E, Ranstam J, Rosen I. [Prevalence for clinically proved carpal tunnel syndrome is 4 percent]. Lakartidningen. 2000 Apr 5;97(14):1668-70. Swedish.
PMID: 10815392
citation: O'Connor D, Marshall S, Massy-Westropp N. Non-surgical treatment (other than steroid injection) for carpal tunnel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;2003(1):CD003219. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003219.
PMID: 12535461
citation: Katz JN, Keller RB, Simmons BP, Rogers WD, Bessette L, Fossel AH, Mooney NA. Maine Carpal Tunnel Study: outcomes of operative and nonoperative therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome in a community-based cohort. J Hand Surg Am. 1998 Jul;23(4):697-710. doi: 10.1016/S0363-5023(98)80058-0. Erratum In: J Hand Surg [Am] 1999 Jan;24(1):201.
PMID: 9708386
citation: Chua NH, Vissers KC, Sluijter ME. Pulsed radiofrequency treatment in interventional pain management: mechanisms and potential indications-a review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2011 Apr;153(4):763-71. doi: 10.1007/s00701-010-0881-5. Epub 2010 Nov 30.
PMID: 21116663
citation: Werner RA, Andary M. Carpal tunnel syndrome: pathophysiology and clinical neurophysiology. Clin Neurophysiol. 2002 Sep;113(9):1373-81. doi: 10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00169-4.
PMID: 12169318
citation: Haider N, Mekasha D, Chiravuri S, Wasserman R. Pulsed radiofrequency of the median nerve under ultrasound guidance. Pain Physician. 2007 Nov;10(6):765-70.
PMID: 17987099
citation: Wong SM, Griffith JF, Hui AC, Tang A, Wong KS. Discriminatory sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Jul;46(7):1914-21. doi: 10.1002/art.10385.
PMID: 12124876
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Tri-Service General Hospital
investigator full name: Yung-Tsan Wu
investigator title: Attending Physician
mesh term: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
mesh term: Syndrome