<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02248688</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>Q131650</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02248688</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Gastric Artery Embolization Trial for Lessening Appetite Nonsurgically</brief_title>
  <acronym>GETLEAN</acronym>
  <official_title>Gastric Artery Embolization Trial for Lessening Appetite Nonsurgically (GET LEAN)</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Dayton Interventional Radiology</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Ohio State University</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Dayton Interventional Radiology</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The purpose of this pilot study is to achieve the collection of safety and efficacy data in&#xD;
      patients undergoing left gastric artery embolization for morbid obesity in the United States.&#xD;
      As secondary goal, the pilot study seeks to obtain quality of life data. This pilot study is&#xD;
      not designed to achieve new indications for this device.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude in this case the left gastric artery and&#xD;
      its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known&#xD;
      that the hormone ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced. Ghrelin&#xD;
      is a 28 amino acid hunger stimulating peptide and hormone that is produced mainly by P/D1&#xD;
      cells lining the fundus of the stomach and epsilon cells of the pancreas. Ghrelin has emerged&#xD;
      as the first identified circulating hunger hormone. Ghrelin is also the only known&#xD;
      circulating orexigen, or appetite enhancing hormone.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Left gastric artery embolization may be a minimally invasive alternative to the current&#xD;
      surgical treatment of gastric bypass or reduction surgery. These treatments have known&#xD;
      serious complications including anastomotic leaks, bowel obstruction, paralytic ileus, deep&#xD;
      vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, gastrointestinal bleeding, dumping syndrome, and&#xD;
      anesthesia risks resulting in morbidity and mortality.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Literature review for gastric artery embolization&#xD;
&#xD;
      Transarterial embolization is a common interventional procedure used to treat a variety of&#xD;
      medical conditions. In the image-guided procedure, an embolic, or obstructive, agent is&#xD;
      inserted through a catheter and placed inside an artery to prevent blood flow in an artery or&#xD;
      to a specific area of the body. Types of embolic agents include beads, coils, gel foam,as&#xD;
      well as other materials and devices.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Gastric artery embolization has been used since the 1970's to treat life threatening gastric&#xD;
      hemorrhage. This is commonly accepted as standard of care and has been life saving for&#xD;
      thousands of patients. It is even deemed to be effective enough to be used empirically in the&#xD;
      setting of angiographically negative life threatening hemorrhage (as a reflection of its&#xD;
      safety margin).&#xD;
&#xD;
      Recent animal studies over the past several years in porcine and canine models have shown&#xD;
      that gastric artery embolization results in the suppression of ghrelin levels and weight&#xD;
      loss.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Arepally, et al. (2008) first described the technique of gastric artery embolization to&#xD;
      reduce weight gain. In a controlled study, he used sodium morrhuate within a porcine model&#xD;
      with resultant lower ghrelin levels and significantly blunted weight gain (in otherwise&#xD;
      rapidly growing young swine).&#xD;
&#xD;
      Paxton, et al. (SIR abstract in 2012, later published in 2013 and 2014) described the&#xD;
      technique of 40 micron microsphere particle embolization in a similar porcine model that also&#xD;
      resulted in lowered ghrelin levels and reduced weight gain. Also noted there was no duodenal&#xD;
      upregulation for ghrelin.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Bawudun et al. (2012) described a technique of left gastric embolization using mixture of&#xD;
      bleomycin and lipiodol versus polyvinyl alcohol 500-700 micron particles to create weight&#xD;
      loss in a canine model without gastric ulceration. In addition, he demonstrated significant&#xD;
      reduction in subcutaneous fat and plasma ghrelin.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Kipshidze, et al. (2013) performed the first in man study reported at the annual meeting of&#xD;
      the American College of Cardiology that showed an average of 45lbs of weight loss in 6 months&#xD;
      and reduced ghrelin levels in 5 patients with no complications (with endoscopic follow-up) in&#xD;
      this small series using BeadBlock 300-500 micron particles. According to personal&#xD;
      correspondence with the author of this study the weight loss is sustained for at least 1 year&#xD;
      with no complications in these 5 patients. He also noted that an additional 7 patients have&#xD;
      been treated without complications.&#xD;
&#xD;
      A recent retrospective case control study presented at the 2013 Radiological Society of North&#xD;
      American annual meeting found that there was an average of 7.9% decrease in body weight (at 3&#xD;
      months) in 15 patients who underwent left gastric artery embolization for life threatening&#xD;
      hemorrhage compared to 1.2% (P=0.001) for age matched controls (who underwent embolization&#xD;
      other than the left gastric artery for upper gastrointestinal bleeding).&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date>September 2014</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">November 2019</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">November 2019</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>N/A</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Single Group Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Body Weight Average 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6-Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean body weight of all 5 participants at 6-Months post-procedure.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Body Weight Average 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12-Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean body weight of all 5 participants at 12-Months post-procedure.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Average Body Weight From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline, 6 Months</time_frame>
    <description>Average change in body weight lost.&#xD;
Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(6-Month Post-Procedure Weight in lbs.) - (Baseline Weight in lbs.)</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Change in Average Body Weight From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline, 12 Months</time_frame>
    <description>Average change in body weight lost.&#xD;
Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(12-Month Post-Procedure Weight in lbs.) - (Baseline Weight in lbs.)</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Percentage of Excess Body Weight Loss at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline, 6 Month</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (6 Month Post-Procedure Weigh in lbs.))/((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (Ideal Body Weight in lbs.)))</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Percentage of Excess Body Weight Loss at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>Baseline, 12 Month</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (12 Month Post-Procedure Weigh in lbs.))/((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (Ideal Body Weight in lbs.)))</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Average Ghrelin Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6-Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's 6-Month post-procedure Ghrelin levels.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Average Ghrelin Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12-Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's 12-Month post-procedure Ghrelin levels.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Percentage Change in Ghrelin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((6-Month Post-Procedure Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Percentage Change in Ghrelin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((12-Month Post-Procedure Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Average Leptin Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6-Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's 6-month post-procedure Leptin levels.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Average Leptin Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12-Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure Leptin levels.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Percentage Change in Leptin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((6-Month Post-Procedure Leptin levels in ng/mL) - (Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL))/(Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL) * 100</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Percentage Change in Leptin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((12-Month Post-Procedure Leptin levels in ng/mL) - (Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL))/(Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL) * 100</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Average Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6-Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's 6-month post-procedure CCK levels.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Average Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12-Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure CCK levels.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Percentage Change in Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((6-Month Post-Procedure CCK levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Percentage Change in Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((12-Month Post-Procedure CCK levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Quality of Life (QOL): Averaged Short Form (SF)-36 Version 2 Physical Component Summary (PCS) at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6 Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 PCS) From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6 Month, Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 PCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(6-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 PCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 PCS)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 PCS at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12 Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure Short Form-36 Version 2 Physical Component Scores, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 PCS) From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12 Month, Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 PCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(12-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 PCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 PCS)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 MCS at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6 Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 6-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 MCS) From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>6 Month, Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 MCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(6-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 MCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 MCS)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 MCS at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12 Month</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 MCS) From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</measure>
    <time_frame>12 Month, Baseline</time_frame>
    <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 MCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(12-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 MCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 MCS)</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>6-Month Post-Procedure Hemoglobin-A1c (HgA1c) Levels</measure>
    <time_frame>6-Month</time_frame>
    <description>HgA1c Levels of diabetic patient 6-Months post-procedure.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>12-Month Post-Procedure HgA1c Levels</measure>
    <time_frame>12-Month</time_frame>
    <description>HgA1c Levels of diabetic patient 12-Months post-procedure.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>1</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">5</enrollment>
  <condition>Arterial Embolization</condition>
  <condition>Other Surgical Procedures</condition>
  <condition>Obesity</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Other</arm_group_type>
    <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron</intervention_name>
    <description>Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>GET LEAN</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Procedure</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Left Gastric Artery Embolization</intervention_name>
    <arm_group_label>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        Morbid obesity with a BMI ≥ 40 Age ≥ 22years Ability to lay supine on an angiographic table&#xD;
        &lt;400lbs due to table weight limits Appropriate anesthesia risk as determined by certified&#xD;
        anesthesia provider evaluation preprocedure.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Willing, able and mentally competent to provide written informed consent (to ensure that&#xD;
        all study subjects demonstrate an understanding of the risks of the procedure and also&#xD;
        participate in the informed consent).&#xD;
&#xD;
        Subjects who have failed previous attempts at weight loss through diet, exercise, and&#xD;
        behavior modification (as it is recommended that conservative options, such as supervised&#xD;
        low calorie diets combined with behavior therapy and exercise, should be attempted prior to&#xD;
        enrolling in this study).&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
        Less than 22 years of age Major surgery within the past eight weeks Previous gastric,&#xD;
        pancreatic, hepatic and splenic surgery Previous radiation therapy to the left or right&#xD;
        upper quadrant Previous gastric, hepatic, or splenic embolization Any history of portal&#xD;
        venous hypertension Serum creatinine &gt; 1.8 mg/dL History of kidney problems Pregnant or&#xD;
        intend to become pregnant within one year History of severe bleeding disorder (platelet&#xD;
        count less than 40,000) Allergy to materials in the embolic agents (acrylamido polyvinyl&#xD;
        alcohol macromer) Enrolled in another study Any patient who has a history of allergic&#xD;
        reaction to iodinated contrast Abnormal baseline gastric emptying study Patients taking&#xD;
        anti-coagulants or antiplatelet drugs Patients currently taking or requiring chronic use of&#xD;
        NSAID or steroid medications Patients with any chronic upper gastrointestinal complaints&#xD;
        such as pain, nausea or vomiting Patients with any history of peptic ulcer disease Patients&#xD;
        with any indication of gastrointestinal bleeding as documented by positive stool guaiac and&#xD;
        complete blood count with abnormalities.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Patients with any contraindications for monitored anesthesia care or general surgery&#xD;
        Patients with secondary causes of obesity such as Cushing's disease and hypothyroidism&#xD;
        Patients with active substance abuse or alcoholism Patients with defined noncompliance with&#xD;
        previous medical care Patients with certain psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia,&#xD;
        borderline personality disorder, and uncontrolled depression, and mental/cognitive&#xD;
        impairment that limits the individual's ability to understand the proposed therapy.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Subjects with mesenteric atherosclerotic disease or abdominal angina should be excluded due&#xD;
        to safety concerns.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Patients with hiatal hernia Patients with known aortic disease, such as dissection or&#xD;
        aneurysm Patients with comorbidity such as cancer, peripheral arterial disease or other&#xD;
        cardiovascular disease Patients with any abnormality on their baseline EGD Patients with a&#xD;
        CT Angiogram demonstrate an anatomical variant in left gastric artery anatomy&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>22 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>65 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Mubin I Syed, MD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Dayton Interventional Radiology</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Azim Shaikh, MD, MBA</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Dayton Interventional Radiology</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Sumeet Patel</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Dayton Interventional Radiology</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Feras J Deek, BS, BA</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Dayton Interventional Radiology</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Dayton Interventional Radiology</name>
      <address>
        <city>Dayton</city>
        <state>Ohio</state>
        <zip>45409</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Rosch J, Dotter CT, Brown MJ. Selective arterial embolization. A new method for control of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiology. 1972 Feb;102(2):303-6. doi: 10.1148/102.2.303. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>4536688</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bookstein JJ, Chlosta EM, Foley D, Walter JF. Transcatheter hemostasis of gastrointestinal bleeding using modified autogenous clot. Radiology. 1974 Nov;113(2):277-85. doi: 10.1148/113.2.277. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>4547597</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Morris DC, Nichols DM, Connell DG, Burhenne HJ. Embolization of the left gastric artery in the absence of angiographic extravasation. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1986;9(4):195-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02577940.</citation>
    <PMID>3094950</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Arepally A, Barnett BP, Patel TH, Howland V, Boston RC, Kraitchman DL, Malayeri AA. Catheter-directed gastric artery chemical embolization suppresses systemic ghrelin levels in porcine model. Radiology. 2008 Oct;249(1):127-33. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2491071232. Erratum In: Radiology. 2008 Dec;249(3):1083. Patel, Tarek T [corrected to Patel, Tarak H].</citation>
    <PMID>18796671</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Paxton BE, Alley CL, Crow JH, Burchette J, Weiss CR, Kraitchman DL, Arepally A, Kim CY. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical sequelae of bariatric embolization in a porcine model. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014 Mar;25(3):455-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.09.016. Epub 2014 Jan 21.</citation>
    <PMID>24462005</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Paxton BE, Kim CY, Alley CL, Crow JH, Balmadrid B, Keith CG, Kankotia RJ, Stinnett S, Arepally A. Bariatric embolization for suppression of the hunger hormone ghrelin in a porcine model. Radiology. 2013 Feb;266(2):471-9. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12120242. Epub 2012 Nov 30.</citation>
    <PMID>23204538</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bawudun D, Xing Y, Liu WY, Huang YJ, Ren WX, Ma M, Xu XD, Teng GJ. Ghrelin suppression and fat loss after left gastric artery embolization in canine model. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2012 Dec;35(6):1460-6. doi: 10.1007/s00270-012-0362-8. Epub 2012 Feb 25.</citation>
    <PMID>22367009</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Brown KT, Friedman WN, Marks RA, Saddekni S. Gastric and hepatic infarction following embolization of the left gastric artery: case report. Radiology. 1989 Sep;172(3):731-2. doi: 10.1148/radiology.172.3.2788892.</citation>
    <PMID>2788892</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Castaneda-Zuniga WR, Jauregui H, Rysavy J, Amplatz K. Selective transcatheter embolization of the upper gastrointestinal tract: an experimental study. Radiology. 1978 Apr;127(1):81-3. doi: 10.1148/127.1.81.</citation>
    <PMID>305577</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bradley EL 3rd, Goldman ML. Gastric infarction after therapeutic embolization. Surgery. 1976 Apr;79(4):421-4.</citation>
    <PMID>1083078</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Prochaska JM, Flye MW, Johnsrude IS. Left gastric artery embolization for control of gastric bleeding: a complication. Radiology. 1973 Jun;107(3):521-2. doi: 10.1148/107.3.521. No abstract available.</citation>
    <PMID>4702528</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Robbins SM, Tuten TU, Clements JL, Fekete P. Angiographic diagnosis of gastric volvulus with report of a complication following left gastric artery embolization. Gastrointest Radiol. 1988;13(2):112-4. doi: 10.1007/BF01889038.</citation>
    <PMID>3258835</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Miller DL, Balter S, Cole PE, Lu HT, Schueler BA, Geisinger M, Berenstein A, Albert R, Georgia JD, Noonan PT, Cardella JF, St George J, Russell EJ, Malisch TW, Vogelzang RL, Miller GL 3rd, Anderson J; RAD-IR study. Radiation doses in interventional radiology procedures: the RAD-IR study: part I: overall measures of dose. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003 Jun;14(6):711-27. doi: 10.1097/01.rvi.0000079980.80153.4b.</citation>
    <PMID>12817038</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Syed MI, Morar K, Shaikh A, Craig P, Khan O, Patel S, Khabiri H. Gastric Artery Embolization Trial for the Lessening of Appetite Nonsurgically (GET LEAN): Six-Month Preliminary Data. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016 Oct;27(10):1502-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.07.010. Epub 2016 Aug 24.</citation>
    <PMID>27567998</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>December 2021</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>September 23, 2014</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>September 24, 2014</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">September 25, 2014</study_first_posted>
  <results_first_submitted>September 10, 2021</results_first_submitted>
  <results_first_submitted_qc>December 28, 2021</results_first_submitted_qc>
  <results_first_posted type="Actual">January 25, 2022</results_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>December 28, 2021</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>December 28, 2021</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">January 25, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Bariatric Embolization</keyword>
  <keyword>Gastric Artery Emboliziation</keyword>
  <keyword>Left Gastric Artery Embolization</keyword>
  <keyword>Morbid Obesity</keyword>
  <keyword>Obesity</keyword>
  <keyword>Weight Loss</keyword>
  <keyword>Ghrelin</keyword>
  <keyword>Embolization</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Obesity</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>Yes</sharing_ipd>
    <ipd_description>Data obtained through this study may be provided to qualified researchers with academic interest left gastric artery embolization for the treatment of morbid obesity. Data shared will be coded, with no PHI included. Approval of the request and is a prerequisite to the sharing of data.</ipd_description>
    <ipd_info_type>Study Protocol</ipd_info_type>
    <ipd_info_type>Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP)</ipd_info_type>
    <ipd_info_type>Informed Consent Form (ICF)</ipd_info_type>
    <ipd_time_frame>Data requests can be submitted starting 9 months after article publication and the data will be made accessible for up to 24 months. Extensions will be considered on a case-by-case basis</ipd_time_frame>
    <ipd_access_criteria>Access to trial IPD can be requested by qualified researchers engaging in independent scientific research, and will be provided following review and approval of a research proposal and Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP).</ipd_access_criteria>
  </patient_data>
  <provided_document_section>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Study Protocol</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>Yes</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>No</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>No</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>September 29, 2014</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/88/NCT02248688/Prot_000.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Statistical Analysis Plan</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>No</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>No</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>Yes</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>December 28, 2021</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/88/NCT02248688/SAP_001.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Informed Consent Form</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>No</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>Yes</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>No</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>September 29, 2014</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/88/NCT02248688/ICF_002.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
  </provided_document_section>

  <clinical_results>

    <participant_flow>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="P1">
          <title>BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron Will be Used as the Embolic Agent to Embolize Left Gastric Artery.</title>
          <description>Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <period_list>
        <period>
          <title>Overall Study</title>
          <milestone_list>
            <milestone>
              <title>STARTED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="5"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="5"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>NOT COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="0"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
          </milestone_list>
        </period>
      </period_list>
    </participant_flow>

    <baseline>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="B1">
          <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
          <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <analyzed_list>
        <analyzed>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <scope>Overall</scope>
          <count_list>
            <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
          </count_list>
        </analyzed>
      </analyzed_list>
      <measure_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Age</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>&lt;=18 years</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Between 18 and 65 years</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>&gt;=65 years</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Sex: Female, Male</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>Female</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="4"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Male</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="1"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Race (NIH/OMB)</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>American Indian or Alaska Native</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Asian</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Black or African American</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>White</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>More than one race</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Unknown or Not Reported</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Region of Enrollment</title>
          <units>participants</units>
          <param>Number</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>United States</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Weight</title>
          <units>Pounds</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="242.2" lower_limit="184" upper_limit="275"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>BMI</title>
          <units>kg/m^2</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="42.42" lower_limit="40" upper_limit="45"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Cholecystokinin</title>
          <units>pg/mL</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="55.8" lower_limit="10" upper_limit="101"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Ghrelin</title>
          <units>pg/mL</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="794" lower_limit="391" upper_limit="1524"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Leptin</title>
          <units>ng/mL</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="30.0" lower_limit="17.3" upper_limit="46.3"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Hemoglobin-A1c (HgA1c)</title>
          <description>Applicable to sole diabetic participant.</description>
          <population>Measure taken for diabetic participant.</population>
          <units>Percentage of HgA1c</units>
          <param>Number</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="1"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="7.4"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Urine Pregnancy Test (only if female of child-bearing potential)</title>
          <population>Measure only taken for female participants. A participant who is pregnant (i.e., has a positive urine pregnancy test) will be scored as a &quot;1&quot;.&#xD;
A participant who is not pregnant (i.e., has a negative urine pregnancy test) will be scored as a &quot;0&quot;.</population>
          <units>Number of Participants</units>
          <param>Number</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="4"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Complete blood count (CBC)</title>
          <description>CBC categorized as normal or abnormal. Normal, defined as results in the following ranges White Blood Cell Count: 3.8-10.8 k/mm^3 Red Blood Cell Count: 3.9-5.2 M/mm^3 Hemoglobin: 12-15.6 g/dL Hematocrits: 35-46% Mean Corpuscular Volumes: 80-100.0 fL Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): 27-33 pg MCH Concentration: 32-36 g/dL Red Cell Distribution Widths: 9-15% Platelet Counts: 130-400 k/mm^3&#xD;
Abnormal defined as any of results lying outside the normal ranges described above</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Normal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Abnormal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)/Creatinine</title>
          <description>Categorized as normal or abnormal. Normal defines as a BUN within the range of 3-29 mg/dL and Creatinine 0.5-1.2 mg/dL.&#xD;
Abnormal defines as results outside the normal ranges described above.</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Normal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Abnormal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Prothrombin Time/Partial Thromboplastin Time (PT/PTT)</title>
          <description>Categorized either as normal or abnormal. Normal defined as an Activated PTT result within the range of 20.0-30.0 seconds and a Prothrombin Time within the range of 9-12.5 seconds.&#xD;
Abnormal defines as results outside the normal ranges described above.</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Normal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Abnormal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Computed Tomography (CT) Angiogram</title>
          <description>Categorized as normal or abnormal. Normal defined as 1) the left gastric artery (LGA) did not arise from the gastrohepatic trunk and 2) the LGA did not arise directly from the aorta&#xD;
Abnormal defined as LGA that did arise from the gastrohepatic trunk or directly from the aorta&#xD;
Variant vascular anatomy of the left gastrohepatic trunk was noted in the sole participant with an &quot;abnormal&quot; CT-angiogram. The SureFire anti-flux catheter with embolic protection device was used to avoid possible migration of the bead block to non-targeted areas of intervention.</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Normal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="4"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Abnormal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="1"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Upper Endoscopy</title>
          <description>Categorized as normal or abnormal. Normal defined as presentation normal color and without bleeding, growths, ulcers, or inflammation Abnormal defined as results that are not congruent with the normal results presented above.</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Normal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Abnormal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Stool Guaiac</title>
          <description>Categorized as normal or abnormal. Normal defined as a negative hemoccult test Abnormal defined as a postive hemoccult test.</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Normal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Abnormal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Nuclear Medicine: Gastric Emptying Study</title>
          <description>Categorized as normal or abnormal. Normal defined as 50% or greater gastric emptying within 60-90 minutes. Abnormal defined as results lying outside the range described above.</description>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Normal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Abnormal</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Short Form (SF)-36v2 Questionnaire, Physical Component Summary (PCS)</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
          <units>Scores on a Scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="49.8" lower_limit="36" upper_limit="84.5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Short Form (SF)-36 Version 2 Questionnaire Mental Component Summary (MCS)</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's Short Form-36 Version 2 MCS, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
          <units>Scores on a Scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="5"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="48.2" lower_limit="36.8" upper_limit="81.3"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </measure_list>
    </baseline>

    <outcome_list>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Body Weight Average 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean body weight of all 5 participants at 6-Months post-procedure.</description>
        <time_frame>6-Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Body Weight Average 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean body weight of all 5 participants at 6-Months post-procedure.</description>
          <units>lbs.</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="237.6" lower_limit="161" upper_limit="268"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Body Weight Average 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean body weight of all 5 participants at 12-Months post-procedure.</description>
        <time_frame>12-Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Body Weight Average 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean body weight of all 5 participants at 12-Months post-procedure.</description>
          <units>lbs.</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="238" lower_limit="151" upper_limit="272"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Change in Average Body Weight From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>Average change in body weight lost.&#xD;
Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(6-Month Post-Procedure Weight in lbs.) - (Baseline Weight in lbs.)</description>
        <time_frame>Baseline, 6 Months</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Change in Average Body Weight From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>Average change in body weight lost.&#xD;
Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(6-Month Post-Procedure Weight in lbs.) - (Baseline Weight in lbs.)</description>
          <units>lbs</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="16.6" lower_limit="2" upper_limit="38"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Change in Average Body Weight From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>Average change in body weight lost.&#xD;
Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(12-Month Post-Procedure Weight in lbs.) - (Baseline Weight in lbs.)</description>
        <time_frame>Baseline, 12 Months</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Change in Average Body Weight From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>Average change in body weight lost.&#xD;
Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(12-Month Post-Procedure Weight in lbs.) - (Baseline Weight in lbs.)</description>
          <units>lbs</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="-16.2" lower_limit="-48" upper_limit="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Percentage of Excess Body Weight Loss at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (6 Month Post-Procedure Weigh in lbs.))/((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (Ideal Body Weight in lbs.)))</description>
        <time_frame>Baseline, 6 Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Percentage of Excess Body Weight Loss at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (6 Month Post-Procedure Weigh in lbs.))/((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (Ideal Body Weight in lbs.)))</description>
          <units>Percentage of Excess Body Weight Loss</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="14.8" lower_limit="1.8" upper_limit="40.4"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Percentage of Excess Body Weight Loss at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (12 Month Post-Procedure Weigh in lbs.))/((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (Ideal Body Weight in lbs.)))</description>
        <time_frame>Baseline, 12 Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Percentage of Excess Body Weight Loss at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (12 Month Post-Procedure Weigh in lbs.))/((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (Ideal Body Weight in lbs.)))</description>
          <units>Percentage of Excess Body Weight Loss</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="15.1" lower_limit="0" upper_limit="51.1"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Average Ghrelin Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's 6-Month post-procedure Ghrelin levels.</description>
        <time_frame>6-Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Average Ghrelin Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's 6-Month post-procedure Ghrelin levels.</description>
          <units>pg/mL</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="605.4" lower_limit="331" upper_limit="1084"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Average Ghrelin Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's 12-Month post-procedure Ghrelin levels.</description>
        <time_frame>12-Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Average Ghrelin Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's 12-Month post-procedure Ghrelin levels.</description>
          <units>pg/mL</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="21.1" lower_limit="4" upper_limit="39"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Percentage Change in Ghrelin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((6-Month Post-Procedure Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
        <time_frame>6-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Percentage Change in Ghrelin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((6-Month Post-Procedure Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
          <units>Percentage of Change in Ghrelin</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="-9.9" lower_limit="-70.7" upper_limit="39.1"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Percentage Change in Ghrelin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((12-Month Post-Procedure Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
        <time_frame>12-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Percentage Change in Ghrelin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((12-Month Post-Procedure Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
          <units>Percentage of Change in Ghrelin</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="-19.2" lower_limit="-63.6" upper_limit="35.9"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Average Leptin Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's 6-month post-procedure Leptin levels.</description>
        <time_frame>6-Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Average Leptin Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's 6-month post-procedure Leptin levels.</description>
          <units>ng/mL</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="19.4" lower_limit="7" upper_limit="46.8"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Average Leptin Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure Leptin levels.</description>
        <time_frame>12-Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Average Leptin Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure Leptin levels.</description>
          <units>ng/mL</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="21.1" lower_limit="4" upper_limit="39"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Percentage Change in Leptin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((6-Month Post-Procedure Leptin levels in ng/mL) - (Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL))/(Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL) * 100</description>
        <time_frame>6-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Percentage Change in Leptin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((6-Month Post-Procedure Leptin levels in ng/mL) - (Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL))/(Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL) * 100</description>
          <units>Percentage of Change in Leptin</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="-31.2" lower_limit="-69.2" upper_limit="75.3"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Percentage Change in Leptin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((12-Month Post-Procedure Leptin levels in ng/mL) - (Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL))/(Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL) * 100</description>
        <time_frame>12-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Percentage Change in Leptin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((12-Month Post-Procedure Leptin levels in ng/mL) - (Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL))/(Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL) * 100</description>
          <units>Percentage of Change in Leptin</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="21.1" lower_limit="4" upper_limit="39"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Average Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's 6-month post-procedure CCK levels.</description>
        <time_frame>6-Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Average Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's 6-month post-procedure CCK levels.</description>
          <units>pg/mL</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="32.4" lower_limit="15" upper_limit="76"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Average Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure CCK levels.</description>
        <time_frame>12-Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Average Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure CCK levels.</description>
          <units>pg/mL</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="44.6" lower_limit="15" upper_limit="73"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Percentage Change in Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((6-Month Post-Procedure CCK levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
        <time_frame>6-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Percentage Change in Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((6-Month Post-Procedure CCK levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
          <units>Percentage of Change in CCK</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="-15.1" lower_limit="-70.3" upper_limit="100"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Percentage Change in Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((12-Month Post-Procedure CCK levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
        <time_frame>12-Month, Baseline</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Percentage Change in Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>Calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(((12-Month Post-Procedure CCK levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL) * 100</description>
          <units>Percentage of Change in CCK</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="56.4" lower_limit="-47.0" upper_limit="430"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Quality of Life (QOL): Averaged Short Form (SF)-36 Version 2 Physical Component Summary (PCS) at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
        <time_frame>6 Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Quality of Life (QOL): Averaged Short Form (SF)-36 Version 2 Physical Component Summary (PCS) at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
          <units>Scores on a Scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="59.5" lower_limit="41" upper_limit="93.8"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 PCS) From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 PCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(6-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 PCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 PCS)</description>
        <time_frame>6 Month, Baseline</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 PCS) From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 PCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(6-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 PCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 PCS)</description>
          <units>Scores on a Scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="9.7" lower_limit="3.2" upper_limit="14"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 PCS at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure Short Form-36 Version 2 Physical Component Scores, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status.</description>
        <time_frame>12 Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 PCS at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure Short Form-36 Version 2 Physical Component Scores, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status.</description>
          <units>Scores on a Scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="65.79" lower_limit="40.2" upper_limit="95"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 PCS) From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 PCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(12-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 PCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 PCS)</description>
        <time_frame>12 Month, Baseline</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 PCS) From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 PCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(12-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 PCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 PCS)</description>
          <units>Scores on a Scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="16.0" lower_limit="2.4" upper_limit="59"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 MCS at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 6-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
        <time_frame>6 Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 MCS at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 6-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
          <units>Scores on a Scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="57" lower_limit="41.8" upper_limit="88.4"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 MCS) From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 MCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(6-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 MCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 MCS)</description>
        <time_frame>6 Month, Baseline</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 MCS) From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 MCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(6-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 MCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 MCS)</description>
          <units>Scores on a Scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.9" lower_limit="-1.2" upper_limit="20.5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 MCS at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
        <time_frame>12 Month</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 MCS at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.</description>
          <units>Scores on a Scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="63.1" lower_limit="36.3" upper_limit="88.75"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 MCS) From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
        <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 MCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(12-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 MCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 MCS)</description>
        <time_frame>12 Month, Baseline</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 MCS) From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure</title>
          <description>The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.&#xD;
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 MCS) are calculated as the average of participants:&#xD;
(12-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 MCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 MCS)</description>
          <units>Scores on a Scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Full Range</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="5"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="14.9" lower_limit="-6.7" upper_limit="48.3"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>6-Month Post-Procedure Hemoglobin-A1c (HgA1c) Levels</title>
        <description>HgA1c Levels of diabetic patient 6-Months post-procedure.</description>
        <time_frame>6-Month</time_frame>
        <population>Applies to the sole diabetic patient in the trial.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>6-Month Post-Procedure Hemoglobin-A1c (HgA1c) Levels</title>
          <description>HgA1c Levels of diabetic patient 6-Months post-procedure.</description>
          <population>Applies to the sole diabetic patient in the trial.</population>
          <units>Percentage of HgA1c</units>
          <param>Number</param>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="1"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="6.3"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>12-Month Post-Procedure HgA1c Levels</title>
        <description>HgA1c Levels of diabetic patient 12-Months post-procedure.</description>
        <time_frame>12-Month</time_frame>
        <population>Applies to the sole diabetic patient in the trial.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
            <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>12-Month Post-Procedure HgA1c Levels</title>
          <description>HgA1c Levels of diabetic patient 12-Months post-procedure.</description>
          <population>Applies to the sole diabetic patient in the trial.</population>
          <units>Percentage of HgA1c</units>
          <param>Number</param>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="1"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="5.9"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
    </outcome_list>

    <reported_events>
      <time_frame>12 Months</time_frame>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="E1">
          <title>Embolic Agent - BeadBlock</title>
          <description>Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.&#xD;
BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.&#xD;
Left Gastric Artery Embolization</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <serious_events>
        <category_list>
          <category>
            <title>Total</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, all-cause mortality</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="5"/>
              </event>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, serious adverse events</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="5"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
        </category_list>
      </serious_events>
      <other_events>
        <frequency_threshold>0</frequency_threshold>
        <default_assessment>Non-systematic Assessment</default_assessment>
        <category_list>
          <category>
            <title>Total</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, other adverse events</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="3" subjects_at_risk="5"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
          <category>
            <title>Gastrointestinal disorders</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Mild Nausea, Vomiting</sub_title>
                <description>Patients 2 and 4 experienced mild nausea, vomiting, mild epigastric discomfort for 24 hours. Superficial gastric ulcers at 3-Day post-procedure endoscopy completely healed at 30-Day post-procedure endoscopy.</description>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="2" subjects_affected="2" subjects_at_risk="5"/>
              </event>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Mild Nausea, Vomiting</sub_title>
                <description>Patient 3 experienced mild nausea, vomiting, mild epigastric discomfort for 3-4 days. Superficial gastric ulcers at 3-Day post-procedure endoscopy completely healed at 30-Day post-procedure endoscopy.</description>
                <counts group_id="E1" events="1" subjects_affected="1" subjects_at_risk="5"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
        </category_list>
      </other_events>
    </reported_events>

    <certain_agreements>
      <pi_employee>Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.</pi_employee>
      <restrictive_agreement>There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed. </restrictive_agreement>
    </certain_agreements>
    <limitations_and_caveats>Limitations included:&#xD;
Relatively Small Sample Size&#xD;
Surgical Placebo Effect&#xD;
Lack of Maintaining Diet and Caloric Intake Records&#xD;
Diet Modification and Nutritional Supervision that could account for weight loss</limitations_and_caveats>
    <point_of_contact>
      <name_or_title>Mubin Syed, MD</name_or_title>
      <organization>Dayton Interventional Radiology-Research</organization>
      <phone>937-215-0878</phone>
      <email>mubinsyed@aol.com</email>
    </point_of_contact>
  </clinical_results>
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02248688
org study id: Q131650
nct id: NCT02248688
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: Yes
The purpose of this pilot study is to achieve the collection of safety and efficacy data in
      patients undergoing left gastric artery embolization for morbid obesity in the United States.
      As secondary goal, the pilot study seeks to obtain quality of life data. This pilot study is
      not designed to achieve new indications for this device.
Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude in this case the left gastric artery and
      its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known
      that the hormone ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced. Ghrelin
      is a 28 amino acid hunger stimulating peptide and hormone that is produced mainly by P/D1
      cells lining the fundus of the stomach and epsilon cells of the pancreas. Ghrelin has emerged
      as the first identified circulating hunger hormone. Ghrelin is also the only known
      circulating orexigen, or appetite enhancing hormone.

      Left gastric artery embolization may be a minimally invasive alternative to the current
      surgical treatment of gastric bypass or reduction surgery. These treatments have known
      serious complications including anastomotic leaks, bowel obstruction, paralytic ileus, deep
      vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, gastrointestinal bleeding, dumping syndrome, and
      anesthesia risks resulting in morbidity and mortality.

      Literature review for gastric artery embolization

      Transarterial embolization is a common interventional procedure used to treat a variety of
      medical conditions. In the image-guided procedure, an embolic, or obstructive, agent is
      inserted through a catheter and placed inside an artery to prevent blood flow in an artery or
      to a specific area of the body. Types of embolic agents include beads, coils, gel foam,as
      well as other materials and devices.

      Gastric artery embolization has been used since the 1970's to treat life threatening gastric
      hemorrhage. This is commonly accepted as standard of care and has been life saving for
      thousands of patients. It is even deemed to be effective enough to be used empirically in the
      setting of angiographically negative life threatening hemorrhage (as a reflection of its
      safety margin).

      Recent animal studies over the past several years in porcine and canine models have shown
      that gastric artery embolization results in the suppression of ghrelin levels and weight
      loss.

      Arepally, et al. (2008) first described the technique of gastric artery embolization to
      reduce weight gain. In a controlled study, he used sodium morrhuate within a porcine model
      with resultant lower ghrelin levels and significantly blunted weight gain (in otherwise
      rapidly growing young swine).

      Paxton, et al. (SIR abstract in 2012, later published in 2013 and 2014) described the
      technique of 40 micron microsphere particle embolization in a similar porcine model that also
      resulted in lowered ghrelin levels and reduced weight gain. Also noted there was no duodenal
      upregulation for ghrelin.

      Bawudun et al. (2012) described a technique of left gastric embolization using mixture of
      bleomycin and lipiodol versus polyvinyl alcohol 500-700 micron particles to create weight
      loss in a canine model without gastric ulceration. In addition, he demonstrated significant
      reduction in subcutaneous fat and plasma ghrelin.

      Kipshidze, et al. (2013) performed the first in man study reported at the annual meeting of
      the American College of Cardiology that showed an average of 45lbs of weight loss in 6 months
      and reduced ghrelin levels in 5 patients with no complications (with endoscopic follow-up) in
      this small series using BeadBlock 300-500 micron particles. According to personal
      correspondence with the author of this study the weight loss is sustained for at least 1 year
      with no complications in these 5 patients. He also noted that an additional 7 patients have
      been treated without complications.

      A recent retrospective case control study presented at the 2013 Radiological Society of North
      American annual meeting found that there was an average of 7.9% decrease in body weight (at 3
      months) in 15 patients who underwent left gastric artery embolization for life threatening
      hemorrhage compared to 1.2% (P=0.001) for age matched controls (who underwent embolization
      other than the left gastric artery for upper gastrointestinal bleeding).
allocation: N/A
intervention model: Single Group Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Body Weight Average 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6-Month
description: The mean body weight of all 5 participants at 6-Months post-procedure.
measure: Body Weight Average 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12-Month
description: The mean body weight of all 5 participants at 12-Months post-procedure.
measure: Change in Average Body Weight From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: Baseline, 6 Months
description: Average change in body weight lost.
Calculated as the average of participants:
(6-Month Post-Procedure Weight in lbs.) - (Baseline Weight in lbs.)
measure: Change in Average Body Weight From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: Baseline, 12 Months
description: Average change in body weight lost.
Calculated as the average of participants:
(12-Month Post-Procedure Weight in lbs.) - (Baseline Weight in lbs.)
measure: Percentage of Excess Body Weight Loss at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: Baseline, 6 Month
description: Calculated as the average of participants:
(((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (6 Month Post-Procedure Weigh in lbs.))/((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (Ideal Body Weight in lbs.)))
measure: Percentage of Excess Body Weight Loss at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: Baseline, 12 Month
description: Calculated as the average of participants:
(((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (12 Month Post-Procedure Weigh in lbs.))/((Baseline Weight in lbs.) - (Ideal Body Weight in lbs.)))
measure: Average Ghrelin Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6-Month
description: The mean of participant's 6-Month post-procedure Ghrelin levels.
measure: Average Ghrelin Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12-Month
description: The mean of participant's 12-Month post-procedure Ghrelin levels.
measure: Percentage Change in Ghrelin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6-Month, Baseline
description: Calculated as the average of participants:
(((6-Month Post-Procedure Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) * 100
measure: Percentage Change in Ghrelin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12-Month, Baseline
description: Calculated as the average of participants:
(((12-Month Post-Procedure Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline Ghrelin levels in pg/mL) * 100
measure: Average Leptin Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6-Month
description: The mean of participant's 6-month post-procedure Leptin levels.
measure: Average Leptin Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12-Month
description: The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure Leptin levels.
measure: Percentage Change in Leptin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6-Month, Baseline
description: Calculated as the average of participants:
(((6-Month Post-Procedure Leptin levels in ng/mL) - (Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL))/(Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL) * 100
measure: Percentage Change in Leptin Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12-Month, Baseline
description: Calculated as the average of participants:
(((12-Month Post-Procedure Leptin levels in ng/mL) - (Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL))/(Baseline Leptin levels in ng/mL) * 100
measure: Average Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6-Month
description: The mean of participant's 6-month post-procedure CCK levels.
measure: Average Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12-Month
description: The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure CCK levels.
measure: Percentage Change in Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6-Month, Baseline
description: Calculated as the average of participants:
(((6-Month Post-Procedure CCK levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL) * 100
measure: Percentage Change in Cholecystokinin (CCK) Hormone Levels From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12-Month, Baseline
description: Calculated as the average of participants:
(((12-Month Post-Procedure CCK levels in pg/mL) - (Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL))/(Baseline CCK levels in pg/mL) * 100
measure: Quality of Life (QOL): Averaged Short Form (SF)-36 Version 2 Physical Component Summary (PCS) at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6 Month
description: The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.
measure: Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 PCS) From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6 Month, Baseline
description: The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 PCS) are calculated as the average of participants:
(6-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 PCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 PCS)
measure: QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 PCS at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12 Month
description: The mean of participant's 12-month post-procedure Short Form-36 Version 2 Physical Component Scores, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status.
measure: Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 PCS) From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12 Month, Baseline
description: The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 PCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the PCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 PCS) are calculated as the average of participants:
(12-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 PCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 PCS)
measure: QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 MCS at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6 Month
description: The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 6-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.
measure: Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 MCS) From Baseline at 6 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 6 Month, Baseline
description: The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 6 months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 MCS) are calculated as the average of participants:
(6-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 MCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 MCS)
measure: QOL: Averaged SF-36v2 MCS at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12 Month
description: The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.
measure: Changes in QOL (Measured by SF-36v2 MCS) From Baseline at 12 Months Post-Procedure
time frame: 12 Month, Baseline
description: The mean of participant's SF-36 Version 2 MCS at 12-months post-procedure, ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better health status. The SF-36v2 contains 8 sections total which are each calculated into individual scale scores. A z-score is then determined for each scale score by subtracting the mean scale score of a sample of the national general population from the scale score of the individual participant being analyzed. Each of the 8 z-scores are then multiplied by the MCS scoring coefficient, added together, multiplied by 10 and added to 50.
Changes in QOL (measured by SF-36v2 MCS) are calculated as the average of participants:
(12-Month Post-Procedure SF-36v2 MCS) - (Baseline SF-36v2 MCS)
measure: 6-Month Post-Procedure Hemoglobin-A1c (HgA1c) Levels
time frame: 6-Month
description: HgA1c Levels of diabetic patient 6-Months post-procedure.
measure: 12-Month Post-Procedure HgA1c Levels
time frame: 12-Month
description: HgA1c Levels of diabetic patient 12-Months post-procedure.
arm group label: Embolic Agent - BeadBlock
arm group type: Other
description: Left Gastric Artery Embolization - Embolic Agent - BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron will be used as the embolic agent to embolize left gastric artery.
intervention type: Device
intervention name: BeadBlock 300 - 500 Micron
description: Beadblock will be used intraarterially to occlude the left gastric artery and its branches. The left gastric artery supplies the fundus of the stomach, where it is known that the hormone Ghrelin (one of the hormones responsible for appetite) is produced.
arm group label: Embolic Agent - BeadBlock
other name: GET LEAN
intervention type: Procedure
intervention name: Left Gastric Artery Embolization
arm group label: Embolic Agent - BeadBlock
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 22 Years
maximum age: 65 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Mubin I Syed, MD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Dayton Interventional Radiology
last name: Azim Shaikh, MD, MBA
role: Study Director
affiliation: Dayton Interventional Radiology
last name: Sumeet Patel
role: Study Director
affiliation: Dayton Interventional Radiology
last name: Feras J Deek, BS, BA
role: Study Director
affiliation: Dayton Interventional Radiology
facility: 
country: United States
citation: Rosch J, Dotter CT, Brown MJ. Selective arterial embolization. A new method for control of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Radiology. 1972 Feb;102(2):303-6. doi: 10.1148/102.2.303. No abstract available.
PMID: 4536688
citation: Bookstein JJ, Chlosta EM, Foley D, Walter JF. Transcatheter hemostasis of gastrointestinal bleeding using modified autogenous clot. Radiology. 1974 Nov;113(2):277-85. doi: 10.1148/113.2.277. No abstract available.
PMID: 4547597
citation: Morris DC, Nichols DM, Connell DG, Burhenne HJ. Embolization of the left gastric artery in the absence of angiographic extravasation. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1986;9(4):195-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02577940.
PMID: 3094950
citation: Arepally A, Barnett BP, Patel TH, Howland V, Boston RC, Kraitchman DL, Malayeri AA. Catheter-directed gastric artery chemical embolization suppresses systemic ghrelin levels in porcine model. Radiology. 2008 Oct;249(1):127-33. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2491071232. Erratum In: Radiology. 2008 Dec;249(3):1083. Patel, Tarek T [corrected to Patel, Tarak H].
PMID: 18796671
citation: Paxton BE, Alley CL, Crow JH, Burchette J, Weiss CR, Kraitchman DL, Arepally A, Kim CY. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical sequelae of bariatric embolization in a porcine model. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014 Mar;25(3):455-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.09.016. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
PMID: 24462005
citation: Paxton BE, Kim CY, Alley CL, Crow JH, Balmadrid B, Keith CG, Kankotia RJ, Stinnett S, Arepally A. Bariatric embolization for suppression of the hunger hormone ghrelin in a porcine model. Radiology. 2013 Feb;266(2):471-9. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12120242. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
PMID: 23204538
citation: Bawudun D, Xing Y, Liu WY, Huang YJ, Ren WX, Ma M, Xu XD, Teng GJ. Ghrelin suppression and fat loss after left gastric artery embolization in canine model. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2012 Dec;35(6):1460-6. doi: 10.1007/s00270-012-0362-8. Epub 2012 Feb 25.
PMID: 22367009
citation: Brown KT, Friedman WN, Marks RA, Saddekni S. Gastric and hepatic infarction following embolization of the left gastric artery: case report. Radiology. 1989 Sep;172(3):731-2. doi: 10.1148/radiology.172.3.2788892.
PMID: 2788892
citation: Castaneda-Zuniga WR, Jauregui H, Rysavy J, Amplatz K. Selective transcatheter embolization of the upper gastrointestinal tract: an experimental study. Radiology. 1978 Apr;127(1):81-3. doi: 10.1148/127.1.81.
PMID: 305577
citation: Bradley EL 3rd, Goldman ML. Gastric infarction after therapeutic embolization. Surgery. 1976 Apr;79(4):421-4.
PMID: 1083078
citation: Prochaska JM, Flye MW, Johnsrude IS. Left gastric artery embolization for control of gastric bleeding: a complication. Radiology. 1973 Jun;107(3):521-2. doi: 10.1148/107.3.521. No abstract available.
PMID: 4702528
citation: Robbins SM, Tuten TU, Clements JL, Fekete P. Angiographic diagnosis of gastric volvulus with report of a complication following left gastric artery embolization. Gastrointest Radiol. 1988;13(2):112-4. doi: 10.1007/BF01889038.
PMID: 3258835
citation: Miller DL, Balter S, Cole PE, Lu HT, Schueler BA, Geisinger M, Berenstein A, Albert R, Georgia JD, Noonan PT, Cardella JF, St George J, Russell EJ, Malisch TW, Vogelzang RL, Miller GL 3rd, Anderson J; RAD-IR study. Radiation doses in interventional radiology procedures: the RAD-IR study: part I: overall measures of dose. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003 Jun;14(6):711-27. doi: 10.1097/01.rvi.0000079980.80153.4b.
PMID: 12817038
citation: Syed MI, Morar K, Shaikh A, Craig P, Khan O, Patel S, Khabiri H. Gastric Artery Embolization Trial for the Lessening of Appetite Nonsurgically (GET LEAN): Six-Month Preliminary Data. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016 Oct;27(10):1502-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.07.010. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
PMID: 27567998
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Obesity
sharing ipd: Yes
ipd description: Data obtained through this study may be provided to qualified researchers with academic interest left gastric artery embolization for the treatment of morbid obesity. Data shared will be coded, with no PHI included. Approval of the request and is a prerequisite to the sharing of data.
ipd info type: Study Protocol
ipd info type: Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP)
ipd info type: Informed Consent Form (ICF)
ipd time frame: Data requests can be submitted starting 9 months after article publication and the data will be made accessible for up to 24 months. Extensions will be considered on a case-by-case basis
ipd access criteria: Access to trial IPD can be requested by qualified researchers engaging in independent scientific research, and will be provided following review and approval of a research proposal and Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP).
provided document: 
provided document: 
provided document: 
participant flow: 
baseline: 
outcome list: 
reported events: 
certain agreements: 
limitations and caveats: Limitations included:
Relatively Small Sample Size
Surgical Placebo Effect
Lack of Maintaining Diet and Caloric Intake Records
Diet Modification and Nutritional Supervision that could account for weight loss
point of contact: 