<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02240485</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>CER-10-156-06.13</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02240485</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling</brief_title>
  <acronym>ICT-PG</acronym>
  <official_title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling or Individual Treatment: A Comparison of Efficacy</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>Yes</has_dmc>
    <is_fda_regulated_drug>No</is_fda_regulated_drug>
    <is_fda_regulated_device>No</is_fda_regulated_device>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The aim of the study is to compare marital treatment to individual treatment for pathological&#xD;
      gambling.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      The study as two goals: evaluate the efficacy of couple treatment for pathological gambling&#xD;
      and develop a better understanding of the individual (substance use, mental health) and&#xD;
      couple dimensions (communication, marital satisfaction, violence) as intermediate variables&#xD;
      explaining this efficacy. Couples will be randomized between the couple treatment and the&#xD;
      treatment as usual (individual or group). The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8&#xD;
      to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Therapy for&#xD;
      Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from&#xD;
      Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During&#xD;
      the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner&#xD;
      to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors&#xD;
      incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing&#xD;
      positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).&#xD;
&#xD;
      The control group receives individual or group treatment as already offered by the&#xD;
      specialized centers in addiction. Their partner can receive individual intervention if&#xD;
      desired. All participants are recruited in Specialized Addiction Treatment Centers in Quebec&#xD;
      province, Canada. Evaluation of participants is done at admission, three, nine and 18 months&#xD;
      post-admission.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Repeated measures ANOVA will be used to compared evolutions of groups over time. Multiple&#xD;
      regression will allow the estimation of components roles into as intermediate variables to&#xD;
      predict rehabilitation.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date type="Actual">March 1, 2011</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">July 2018</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 2017</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS)</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The G-SAS is a 12-item self-rated scale designed to assess gambling symptom severity and change during treatment.&#xD;
Each 12-item scale has a score ranging from 0 - 4 (adjective anchors for 0 and 4 vary for each item but &quot;0 means no symptoms&quot; and &quot;4 means extreme symptoms&quot;).&#xD;
All items ask for an average symptom based on the past 7 days (average urge, frequency, duration and control,thoughts associated with gambling,time spent on gambling,anticipatory tension and/or excitement, emotional distress).&#xD;
The total score ranges from 0 to 48.&#xD;
A score between 8 and 20 is an indicator of low urges to gamble, between 21 and 30, moderate urges, between 31 and 40 severe urges and a score of over 40 reveals the presence of extreme urges in the player.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Frequency of the Most Problematic Game</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Among 12 types of gambling activities, the highest frequency of gambling behaviors for the past 6 months (never = 0; every or almost every day=5). Maximum score is 5. The higher is the score, the higher is the frequency.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Detection of Gambling Problems and Services Need (&quot;Détection et Besoin d'Aide en Regard du Jeu Excessif- DÉBA-Jeu&quot;)</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The DEBA-Jeu is a very brief screening grid comprising eight Likert-type items in five points (never = 0, always = 4). The eight items form a scale where the total score varies between 0 and 32. The suggested breaking points are as follows: 0 to 1 = No problem gambling; 2 to 5 =Problem gambling ; 6 to 24 = High probability of problem gambling.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI)</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) is a 9-item measure with a 4-point Likert-type scale (0 = Never, 3 = Almost always).It asks questions about an individual's gambling habits in the last three months from four categories:&#xD;
Gambling involvement; Problem gambling behaviour; Adverse Consequences; Correlates of problem gambling.&#xD;
Scores for the nine items are summed, and the results are interpreted as follows: 0 = non-problem ; 1-4 = low risk; 5-7 = moderate risk; 8 and + (maximum 27) = probable pathological player.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Canadian Dollars Spent on Gambling</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Total Money spent in canadian dollars for all gambling activities during the last 3 months previous each research interview.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Impaired Control Over Gambling Scale (ICOG)</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The ICOG is used to measure two aspects of control related to the JHA processes, namely the level of control over the desire to start playing (e.g., when I decide not to play, I watch stick to that decision) as well as the level of control once the game has started (e.g., when I knew I had little time to play, I would limit myself to the scheduled time). This questionnaire has a total of 10 items and uses a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;Never = 1&quot; to &quot;Always = 5&quot;, with 4 inverted items.&#xD;
The total score varies between 10 and 50. A high control represents a score between 10 and 16, a moderate control between 17 and 23 and a score of 24 and more presents a low control in the player.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Inventory of Erroneous Beliefs Related to Gambling (&quot;Inventaire Des Croyances liées Aux Jeux&quot; - ICROLJ)-Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire measures people's beliefs about gambling. The ICROLJ has 29 items and uses a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;Strongly disagree&quot; = 0 to &quot;Strongly agree&quot;=4. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 116.Higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of erroneous beliefs.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Negative Gambling Consequences-Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Short questionnaire of 10 items, assessing to what extent the respondent considers his gambling habits in the last 6 months have harmed various aspects of his life (financial, living conditions, marital, physical health, professional life, social, legal and family). A 5-point Likert-type scale is used &quot;Not at all = 0&quot; to &quot;Extremely = 4&quot;. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 40.Higher the score is, more it's indicate that the respondent is experiencing negative impacts because of his gambling habits.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Negative Gambling Consequences-Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
Short questionnaire of 10 items, assessing to what extent the respondent considers that his partner's gambling habits have harmed various aspects of his life in the last 6 months (financial, living conditions, marital, physical health, professional life, social, legal and family). A 5-point Likert-type scale is used &quot;Not at all = 0&quot; to &quot;Extremely = 4&quot;. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 40. Higher the score is, more it's indicate that the respondent is experiencing negative impacts because of his partner's gambling habits.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Inventory of Erroneous Beliefs Related to Gambling (&quot;Inventaire Des Croyances liées Aux Jeux&quot; - ICROLJ)-Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire measures people's beliefs about gambling. The ICROLJ has 29 items and uses a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;Strongly disagree&quot; = 0 to &quot;Strongly agree&quot;=4.&#xD;
To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 116. Higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of erroneous beliefs.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Conjugal Support Questionnaire (CSQ)-Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire measure the quality of the support received and given perceived by the two members of the couple. It consists of a total of 8 questions, with a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always).&#xD;
The total score shows support received and support gave, higher is the result, more it indicates that the member of the couple gave support and receives it (score min = 0 and score max=40).</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Psychological Distress Index (IDPESQ-14)-Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure psychological distress, including symptoms of depression and anxiety. We used the version of the questionnaire with 14 items. A Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;never = 1&quot; to &quot;very often = 3&quot; is used and the respondent must respond according to their condition during the last seven days. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 42. A score of 26 and above indicates a high level of psychological distress.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)-Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure depressive symptoms in an individual. It measures these symptoms as defined in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) for depressive episodes.This questionnaire has 20 items and it assesses how the psychological well-being of the person during the last week. A 4-point Likert-type scale is used ranging from &quot;0 = Never, very rarely (less than a day)&quot; to a rating of &quot;3 = Frequently, all the time (5 to 7 days)&quot; The score can therefore vary from 0 to 60, the higher it is the higher the risk of depression. For a man, a threshold of 17 indicates a risk of depression and for a woman the same threshold is 23.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Psychological Distress Index (IDPESQ-14)-Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure psychological distress, including symptoms of depression and anxiety. We used the version of the questionnaire with 14 items. A Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;never = 1&quot; to &quot;very often = 3&quot; is used and the respondent must respond according to their condition during the last seven days. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 42. A score of 26 and above indicates a high level of psychological distress.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)-Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure depressive symptoms in an individual. It measures these symptoms as defined in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) for depressive episodes.This questionnaire has 20 items and it assesses how the psychological well-being of the person during the last week. A 4-point Likert-type scale is used ranging from &quot;0 = Never, very rarely (less than a day)&quot; to a rating of &quot;3 = Frequently, all the time (5 to 7 days)&quot; The score can therefore vary from 0 to 60, the higher it is the higher the risk of depression. For a man, a threshold of 17 indicates a risk of depression and for a woman the same threshold is 23.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Conjugal Support Questionnaire(CSQ)-Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire makes it possible to measure the quality of the support received and given perceived by the two members of the couple. It consists of a total of 8 questions, with a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always).&#xD;
The total score shows support received and support gave, higher is the result, more it indicates that the member of the couple gave support and receives it (score min = 0 and score max=40).</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Marital Status Inventory (MSI)-Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
The MSI is used to measure marital stability in a couple. It comprises a series of 14 items (with inverted items) in a &quot;true&quot; or &quot;false&quot; format thus aiming to assess the risk of separation in this couple (e.g., I very often have ideas of divorce, until once a week or more). Marital distress is measured in terms of concrete actions taken by members of the couple in order to end their union. The total score is between 0 and 14. The higher the scores, the higher the risk of separation and marital distress. A threshold of 8 is considered to be a severe indicator of separation.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Marital Status Inventory (MSI)-Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The MSI is used to measure marital stability in a couple.&#xD;
It comprises a series of 14 items (with inverted items) in a &quot;true&quot; or &quot;false&quot; format thus aiming to assess the risk of separation in this couple (e.g., I very often have ideas of divorce, until once a week or more). Marital distress is measured in terms of concrete actions taken by members of the couple in order to end their union. The total score is between 0 and 14. The higher the scores, the higher the risk of separation and marital distress. A threshold of 8 is considered to be a severe indicator of separation.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-4)-Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
The Dyadic Adjustment Scale is an ultra-brief measure degree of marital satisfaction within the couple.&#xD;
The short version is made up of only 4 items (considered divorce, estimation of the quality of the relation, confide to mate, degree of happiness): three of which are on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (all the time) to 5 (never) , while the final item is on a 7-point scale ranging from 0 (extremely happy) to 6 (perfect).&#xD;
Theoretically possible maximum score of 21, and minimum 0. Scores lower than 11 indicating relationship distress, scores between 12 and 14 corresponding to medium satisfaction and scores upper 15 indicating good marital satisfaction.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-4)-Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The Dyadic Adjustment Scale is an ultra-brief measure degree of marital satisfaction within the couple.&#xD;
The short version is made up of only 4 items (considered divorce, estimation of the quality of the relation, confide to mate, degree of happiness): three of which are on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (all the time) to 5 (never) , while the final item is on a 7-point scale ranging from 0 (extremely happy) to 6 (perfect).&#xD;
Theoretically possible maximum score of 21, and minimum 0. Scores lower than 11 indicating relationship distress, scores between 12 and 14 corresponding to medium satisfaction and scores upper 15 indicating good marital satisfaction.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Conflict Tactics Scale-2_Psychological Violence Issued by the Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The psychological violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of psychological violence committed against the Gambler in the last 3 months. It is made up of 14 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 84. The higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Interpersonal Communication Skills Inventory-self _Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This lists of skills consist of 17 items that expressed in statements representing observable verbal behaviors.Participants were asked to report frequency estimates of their own use of such verbal behaviors using a 4 point likert scale (0 = almost never, 4 = almost always). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 68. The higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of good communication skills.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Marital Problem Solving Scale (MPSS)-Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This instrument has 9 items, using a 7-point Likert-type scale. It is used in order to better understand the negotiation and conflict resolution skills that the couple members have used within their marital relationship in the last three months.&#xD;
The score varies between 9 and 63. A high score indicates a greater degree of perceived problem-solving skill within the marital relationship.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Coping Skills _Social Support Sub-scale_Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18. Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Standard Units of Alcoholic Drinks Per Week _Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Number of alcohol standard units (Canada, 1 unit = 13,6g of alcohol) per week during the last three months.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Frequency of Cannabis Use Per week_Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Frequency of cannabis use per week in the last three months with a 5-point Likert-type scale (never = 0, 3 times a week or more = 4). Higher the score is, more it indicates a high frequency of cannabis use.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Conflict Tactics Scale-2 _ Physical Violence Issued by the Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The physical violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of physical violence committed against the Gambler in the last 3 months. It is made up of 18 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). The total score corresponds to the average obtained on the 18 items, the higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Conflict Tactics Scale-2_ Physique Violence Issued by the Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for the Partner&#xD;
The physical violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of physical violence committed against the partner in the last 3 months. It is made up of 18 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). The total score corresponds to the average obtained on the 18 items, the higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Conflict Tactics Scale-2 _ Psychological Violence Issued by the Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
The psychological violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of psychological violence committed against the partner in the last 3 months. It is made up of 14 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 84. The higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Coping Skills _Positive Reevaluation/Problem Solving Sub-scale_Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 9 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 27. Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Coping Skills _Distancing / Withdrawal Sub-scale_Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Marital Problem Solving Scale (MPSS)-Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners This instrument has 9 items, using a 7-point Likert-type scale. It is used in order to better understand the negotiation and conflict resolution skills that the couple members have used within their marital relationship in the last three months.The score varies between 9 and 63. A high score indicates a greater degree of perceived problem-solving skill within the marital relationship.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Interpersonal Communication Skills Inventory-self _Gambler</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This lists of skills consist of 17 items that expressed in statements representing observable verbal behaviors.Participants were asked to report frequency estimates of their own use of such verbal behaviors using a 4 point likert scale (0 = almost never, 4 = almost always). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 68.The higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of good communication skills.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Coping Skills _Social Support Sub-scale_Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Coping Skills _Distancing / Withdrawal Sub-scale_Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Coping Skills_Positive Reevaluation/Problem Solving Sub-scale_Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 9 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 27.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Standard Units of Alcoholic Drinks Per Week _Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome measure for Partners&#xD;
Number of alcohol standard units (Canada, 1 unit = 13,6g of alcohol) per week during the last three months.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Frequency of Cannabis Use Per week_Partner</measure>
    <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
    <description>Outcome measure for Partners&#xD;
Frequency of cannabis use per week in the last three months with a 5-point Likert-type scale (never = 0, 3 times a week or more = 4). Higher the score is, more it indicates a high frequency of cannabis use.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">80</enrollment>
  <condition>Pathological Gambling</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Usual individual/group treatment</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Active Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</intervention_name>
    <description>The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Therapy for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
    <arm_group_label>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Couple therapy</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Usual individual/group treatment</intervention_name>
    <description>The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Usual individual/group treatment</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>treatment as usual</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Living together for at least 1 year&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Diagnosis of pathological gambling (WMH-CIDI) during the last 12 months&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  The gambler has not received treatment for their gambling for at least 6 months&#xD;
             (excluding GA)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Presence of gambling behavior in the past 3 months&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Degree of commitment to the couple indicating a desire to continue the relationship&#xD;
             (score of 7 - MSI)&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Alcohol/Drug Dependence gambler/partner (Severity of Alcohol Dependence Data&#xD;
             questionnaire - SADD &gt;17 included in DEBA-A; Severity of Dependence Scale - SDS &gt; 5&#xD;
             Included in DEBA-D)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Gambling problem for the partner (DEBA-Jeu &gt; 10)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Presence of serious acts of violence endangering the safety of both spouses (CTS-2)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Disorder and serious mental health unstabilized one of two members of the couple (ASI:&#xD;
             psychological scale)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Antisocial personality disorder or severe limit ( GAIN: 9 + Scale BCS / CDS)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Scenario with strong suicidal ideation or attempt in the last 30 days or less in the&#xD;
             partner (ASI: psychological scale)&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  Low degree of commitment in the relationship of a risk of separation (8 + MSI)&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>N/A</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Joël Tremblay</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières</name>
      <address>
        <city>Québec</city>
        <zip>G1S2P1</zip>
        <country>Canada</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Canada</country>
  </location_countries>
  <verification_date>March 2022</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>August 4, 2014</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>September 11, 2014</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">September 15, 2014</study_first_posted>
  <results_first_submitted>October 17, 2018</results_first_submitted>
  <results_first_submitted_qc>January 13, 2022</results_first_submitted_qc>
  <results_first_posted type="Actual">March 18, 2022</results_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>March 31, 2022</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>March 31, 2022</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">April 4, 2022</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Joël Tremblay</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Principal Investigator</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Pathological gambling</keyword>
  <keyword>Treatment</keyword>
  <keyword>Marital relationship</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Gambling</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <patient_data>
    <sharing_ipd>No</sharing_ipd>
  </patient_data>
  <provided_document_section>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Study Protocol</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>Yes</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>No</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>No</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>February 15, 2015</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/85/NCT02240485/Prot_000.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Statistical Analysis Plan</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>No</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>No</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>Yes</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>February 15, 2015</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/85/NCT02240485/SAP_001.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
    <provided_document>
      <document_type>Informed Consent Form</document_type>
      <document_has_protocol>No</document_has_protocol>
      <document_has_icf>Yes</document_has_icf>
      <document_has_sap>No</document_has_sap>
      <document_date>February 15, 2015</document_date>
      <document_url>https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/85/NCT02240485/ICF_002.pdf</document_url>
    </provided_document>
  </provided_document_section>

  <clinical_results>

    <participant_flow>
      <recruitment_details>Recruitment was carried out in two phases:&#xD;
Phase I: 1st march 2011 to 3th april 2013 Phase II: 31th october 2014 to 1st june 2016.&#xD;
Recruitment took place in nine specialized treatment center in the province of Quebec (Canada).</recruitment_details>
      <pre_assignment_details>Eighteen couples took part in the research eligibility, but they weren't enrolled in the study based on the exclusion criteria of the study :n=4 Low commitment towards relationship;n=4 Problematic alcohol/drug use [gambler]; n=3 Severe violence last 12 month; n=2 Low risk gambling [gambler]; n=2 Serious mental health problems [partner]; n=1 Partner with a gambling disorder ; n=1 Cohabitation less then six month ;n=1 Refused categorization</pre_assignment_details>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="P1">
          <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
          <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
        </group>
        <group group_id="P2">
          <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
          <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <period_list>
        <period>
          <title>3 Months Post-admission</title>
          <milestone_list>
            <milestone>
              <title>STARTED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="44"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="36"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="41">Couple modality: 1 couple refused and one gambler refused but his partner continued</participants>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="30"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>NOT COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="3"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="6"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
          </milestone_list>
          <drop_withdraw_reason_list>
            <drop_withdraw_reason>
              <title>Lost to Follow-up</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="1"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="5"/>
              </participants_list>
            </drop_withdraw_reason>
            <drop_withdraw_reason>
              <title>Withdrawal by Subject</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="2"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="1"/>
              </participants_list>
            </drop_withdraw_reason>
          </drop_withdraw_reason_list>
        </period>
        <period>
          <title>9 Months Post-admission</title>
          <milestone_list>
            <milestone>
              <title>STARTED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="41"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="30"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="38"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="26">26 couples completed + 1 individual (partner lost)</participants>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>NOT COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="3"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="4"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
          </milestone_list>
          <drop_withdraw_reason_list>
            <drop_withdraw_reason>
              <title>Lost to Follow-up</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="3"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="1"/>
              </participants_list>
            </drop_withdraw_reason>
            <drop_withdraw_reason>
              <title>Withdrawal by Subject</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="0"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="3"/>
              </participants_list>
            </drop_withdraw_reason>
          </drop_withdraw_reason_list>
        </period>
        <period>
          <title>18 Months Post-admission</title>
          <milestone_list>
            <milestone>
              <title>STARTED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="38"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="26"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="35"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="21"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>NOT COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="3"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="5"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
          </milestone_list>
          <drop_withdraw_reason_list>
            <drop_withdraw_reason>
              <title>Lost to Follow-up</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="1"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="1"/>
              </participants_list>
            </drop_withdraw_reason>
            <drop_withdraw_reason>
              <title>Withdrawal by Subject</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="2"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="4"/>
              </participants_list>
            </drop_withdraw_reason>
          </drop_withdraw_reason_list>
        </period>
      </period_list>
    </participant_flow>

    <baseline>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="B1">
          <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling</title>
          <description>Already described in the &quot;Intervention Description&quot; section&#xD;
Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
        </group>
        <group group_id="B2">
          <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
          <description>Well described in the Intervention section&#xD;
Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
        </group>
        <group group_id="B3">
          <title>Total</title>
          <description>Total of all reporting groups</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <analyzed_list>
        <analyzed>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <scope>Overall</scope>
          <count_list>
            <count group_id="B1" value="44"/>
            <count group_id="B2" value="36"/>
            <count group_id="B3" value="80"/>
          </count_list>
        </analyzed>
      </analyzed_list>
      <measure_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Age</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Gamblers</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="B2" value="36"/>
                    <count group_id="B3" value="80"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>&lt;=18 years</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="0"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Between 18 and 65 years</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="42"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="35"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="77"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>&gt;=65 years</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="2"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="1"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="3"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Partners</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="B2" value="36"/>
                    <count group_id="B3" value="80"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>&lt;=18 years</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="0"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Between 18 and 65 years</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="41"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="34"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="75"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>&gt;=65 years</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="3"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="2"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="5"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Age</title>
          <units>years</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Gamblers</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="B2" value="36"/>
                    <count group_id="B3" value="80"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="42" spread="14"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="41" spread="12"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="42" spread="13"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Partners</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="B2" value="36"/>
                    <count group_id="B3" value="80"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="42" spread="13"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="40" spread="14"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="41" spread="14"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Sex: Female, Male</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Gamblers</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="B2" value="36"/>
                    <count group_id="B3" value="80"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>Female</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="13"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="7"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="20"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Male</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="31"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="29"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="60"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>Partners</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="B2" value="36"/>
                    <count group_id="B3" value="80"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>Female</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="31"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="30"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="61"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Male</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="13"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="6"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="19"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Race and Ethnicity Not Collected</title>
          <population>Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.</population>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                    <count group_id="B2" value="0"/>
                    <count group_id="B3" value="0"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Region of Enrollment</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Canada</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="B1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="B2" value="36"/>
                    <count group_id="B3" value="80"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="44"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="36"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="80"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </measure_list>
    </baseline>

    <outcome_list>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS)</title>
        <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The G-SAS is a 12-item self-rated scale designed to assess gambling symptom severity and change during treatment.&#xD;
Each 12-item scale has a score ranging from 0 - 4 (adjective anchors for 0 and 4 vary for each item but &quot;0 means no symptoms&quot; and &quot;4 means extreme symptoms&quot;).&#xD;
All items ask for an average symptom based on the past 7 days (average urge, frequency, duration and control,thoughts associated with gambling,time spent on gambling,anticipatory tension and/or excitement, emotional distress).&#xD;
The total score ranges from 0 to 48.&#xD;
A score between 8 and 20 is an indicator of low urges to gamble, between 21 and 30, moderate urges, between 31 and 40 severe urges and a score of over 40 reveals the presence of extreme urges in the player.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS)</title>
          <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The G-SAS is a 12-item self-rated scale designed to assess gambling symptom severity and change during treatment.&#xD;
Each 12-item scale has a score ranging from 0 - 4 (adjective anchors for 0 and 4 vary for each item but &quot;0 means no symptoms&quot; and &quot;4 means extreme symptoms&quot;).&#xD;
All items ask for an average symptom based on the past 7 days (average urge, frequency, duration and control,thoughts associated with gambling,time spent on gambling,anticipatory tension and/or excitement, emotional distress).&#xD;
The total score ranges from 0 to 48.&#xD;
A score between 8 and 20 is an indicator of low urges to gamble, between 21 and 30, moderate urges, between 31 and 40 severe urges and a score of over 40 reveals the presence of extreme urges in the player.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="18.52" spread="1.08"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="16.66" spread="1.20"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="6.85" spread="1.14"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="12.39" spread="1.31"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.30" spread="1.17"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="11.08" spread="1.44"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.01" spread="1.21"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="10.80" spread="1.53"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Frequency of the Most Problematic Game</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Among 12 types of gambling activities, the highest frequency of gambling behaviors for the past 6 months (never = 0; every or almost every day=5). Maximum score is 5. The higher is the score, the higher is the frequency.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Frequency of the Most Problematic Game</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Among 12 types of gambling activities, the highest frequency of gambling behaviors for the past 6 months (never = 0; every or almost every day=5). Maximum score is 5. The higher is the score, the higher is the frequency.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="3.66" spread=".15"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.56" spread=".16"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.14" spread=".19"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="2.20" spread=".20"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="1.68" spread=".21"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="2.37" spread=".22"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.17" spread=".20"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="2.73" spread=".24"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Detection of Gambling Problems and Services Need (&quot;Détection et Besoin d'Aide en Regard du Jeu Excessif- DÉBA-Jeu&quot;)</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The DEBA-Jeu is a very brief screening grid comprising eight Likert-type items in five points (never = 0, always = 4). The eight items form a scale where the total score varies between 0 and 32. The suggested breaking points are as follows: 0 to 1 = No problem gambling; 2 to 5 =Problem gambling ; 6 to 24 = High probability of problem gambling.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Detection of Gambling Problems and Services Need (&quot;Détection et Besoin d'Aide en Regard du Jeu Excessif- DÉBA-Jeu&quot;)</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The DEBA-Jeu is a very brief screening grid comprising eight Likert-type items in five points (never = 0, always = 4). The eight items form a scale where the total score varies between 0 and 32. The suggested breaking points are as follows: 0 to 1 = No problem gambling; 2 to 5 =Problem gambling ; 6 to 24 = High probability of problem gambling.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="19.41" spread=".88"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="20.45" spread=".97"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="6.29" spread=".90"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="7.90" spread="1.07"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.47" spread=".95"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="6.01" spread="1.14"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.47" spread=".98"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="6.26" spread="1.27"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI)</title>
        <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) is a 9-item measure with a 4-point Likert-type scale (0 = Never, 3 = Almost always).It asks questions about an individual's gambling habits in the last three months from four categories:&#xD;
Gambling involvement; Problem gambling behaviour; Adverse Consequences; Correlates of problem gambling.&#xD;
Scores for the nine items are summed, and the results are interpreted as follows: 0 = non-problem ; 1-4 = low risk; 5-7 = moderate risk; 8 and + (maximum 27) = probable pathological player.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI)</title>
          <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) is a 9-item measure with a 4-point Likert-type scale (0 = Never, 3 = Almost always).It asks questions about an individual's gambling habits in the last three months from four categories:&#xD;
Gambling involvement; Problem gambling behaviour; Adverse Consequences; Correlates of problem gambling.&#xD;
Scores for the nine items are summed, and the results are interpreted as follows: 0 = non-problem ; 1-4 = low risk; 5-7 = moderate risk; 8 and + (maximum 27) = probable pathological player.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="14.85" spread=".74"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="15.68" spread=".82"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="5.86" spread=".77"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="6.97" spread=".89"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="3.98" spread=".80"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="5.31" spread=".97"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.26" spread=".83"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="4.91" spread="1.08"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Canadian Dollars Spent on Gambling</title>
        <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Total Money spent in canadian dollars for all gambling activities during the last 3 months previous each research interview.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Therapy for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Canadian Dollars Spent on Gambling</title>
          <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Total Money spent in canadian dollars for all gambling activities during the last 3 months previous each research interview.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>canadian dollars</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4587.87" spread="483.66"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="4244.70" spread="534.75"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="452.53" spread="500.54"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="825.71" spread="582.02"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="351.49" spread="517.16"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="390.14" spread="620.98"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="1062.09" spread="535.53"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="446.57" spread="681.53"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Impaired Control Over Gambling Scale (ICOG)</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The ICOG is used to measure two aspects of control related to the JHA processes, namely the level of control over the desire to start playing (e.g., when I decide not to play, I watch stick to that decision) as well as the level of control once the game has started (e.g., when I knew I had little time to play, I would limit myself to the scheduled time). This questionnaire has a total of 10 items and uses a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;Never = 1&quot; to &quot;Always = 5&quot;, with 4 inverted items.&#xD;
The total score varies between 10 and 50. A high control represents a score between 10 and 16, a moderate control between 17 and 23 and a score of 24 and more presents a low control in the player.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Impaired Control Over Gambling Scale (ICOG)</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The ICOG is used to measure two aspects of control related to the JHA processes, namely the level of control over the desire to start playing (e.g., when I decide not to play, I watch stick to that decision) as well as the level of control once the game has started (e.g., when I knew I had little time to play, I would limit myself to the scheduled time). This questionnaire has a total of 10 items and uses a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;Never = 1&quot; to &quot;Always = 5&quot;, with 4 inverted items.&#xD;
The total score varies between 10 and 50. A high control represents a score between 10 and 16, a moderate control between 17 and 23 and a score of 24 and more presents a low control in the player.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="35.95" spread="1.29"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="37.92" spread="1.44"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="17.89" spread="1.34"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="22.31" spread="1.58"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="16.11" spread="1.41"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="20.59" spread="1.69"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="15.69" spread="1.45"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="18.26" spread="1.86"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Inventory of Erroneous Beliefs Related to Gambling (&quot;Inventaire Des Croyances liées Aux Jeux&quot; - ICROLJ)-Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire measures people's beliefs about gambling. The ICROLJ has 29 items and uses a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;Strongly disagree&quot; = 0 to &quot;Strongly agree&quot;=4. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 116.Higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of erroneous beliefs.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Inventory of Erroneous Beliefs Related to Gambling (&quot;Inventaire Des Croyances liées Aux Jeux&quot; - ICROLJ)-Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire measures people's beliefs about gambling. The ICROLJ has 29 items and uses a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;Strongly disagree&quot; = 0 to &quot;Strongly agree&quot;=4. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 116.Higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of erroneous beliefs.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="52.67" spread="1.38"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="54.23" spread="1.53"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="39.44" spread="1.44"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="44.78" spread="1.67"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="39.11" spread="1.48"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="43.26" spread="1.79"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="38.90" spread="1.56"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="43.86" spread="1.94"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Negative Gambling Consequences-Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Short questionnaire of 10 items, assessing to what extent the respondent considers his gambling habits in the last 6 months have harmed various aspects of his life (financial, living conditions, marital, physical health, professional life, social, legal and family). A 5-point Likert-type scale is used &quot;Not at all = 0&quot; to &quot;Extremely = 4&quot;. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 40.Higher the score is, more it's indicate that the respondent is experiencing negative impacts because of his gambling habits.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Negative Gambling Consequences-Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Short questionnaire of 10 items, assessing to what extent the respondent considers his gambling habits in the last 6 months have harmed various aspects of his life (financial, living conditions, marital, physical health, professional life, social, legal and family). A 5-point Likert-type scale is used &quot;Not at all = 0&quot; to &quot;Extremely = 4&quot;. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 40.Higher the score is, more it's indicate that the respondent is experiencing negative impacts because of his gambling habits.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="16.83" spread="1.06"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="18.56" spread="1.17"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="6.84" spread="1.12"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="8.04" spread="1.30"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.96" spread="1.14"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="5.41" spread="1.38"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.40" spread="1.32"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="5.22" spread="1.61"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Negative Gambling Consequences-Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
Short questionnaire of 10 items, assessing to what extent the respondent considers that his partner's gambling habits have harmed various aspects of his life in the last 6 months (financial, living conditions, marital, physical health, professional life, social, legal and family). A 5-point Likert-type scale is used &quot;Not at all = 0&quot; to &quot;Extremely = 4&quot;. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 40. Higher the score is, more it's indicate that the respondent is experiencing negative impacts because of his partner's gambling habits.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Negative Gambling Consequences-Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
Short questionnaire of 10 items, assessing to what extent the respondent considers that his partner's gambling habits have harmed various aspects of his life in the last 6 months (financial, living conditions, marital, physical health, professional life, social, legal and family). A 5-point Likert-type scale is used &quot;Not at all = 0&quot; to &quot;Extremely = 4&quot;. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 40. Higher the score is, more it's indicate that the respondent is experiencing negative impacts because of his partner's gambling habits.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="17.65" spread="0.65"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="17.77" spread="0.72"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.57" spread="0.67"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="9.38" spread="0.76"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="5.30" spread="0.68"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="5.13" spread="0.79"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="5.89" spread="0.74"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="6.59" spread="0.89"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Inventory of Erroneous Beliefs Related to Gambling (&quot;Inventaire Des Croyances liées Aux Jeux&quot; - ICROLJ)-Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire measures people's beliefs about gambling. The ICROLJ has 29 items and uses a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;Strongly disagree&quot; = 0 to &quot;Strongly agree&quot;=4.&#xD;
To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 116. Higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of erroneous beliefs.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Inventory of Erroneous Beliefs Related to Gambling (&quot;Inventaire Des Croyances liées Aux Jeux&quot; - ICROLJ)-Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire measures people's beliefs about gambling. The ICROLJ has 29 items and uses a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;Strongly disagree&quot; = 0 to &quot;Strongly agree&quot;=4.&#xD;
To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 116. Higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of erroneous beliefs.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="40.74" spread="0.98"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="41.05" spread="1.08"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="35.03" spread="0.99"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="43.22" spread="1.12"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="37.12" spread="1.01"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="42.84" spread="1.13"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="37.38" spread="1.02"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="41.08" spread="1.19"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Conjugal Support Questionnaire (CSQ)-Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire measure the quality of the support received and given perceived by the two members of the couple. It consists of a total of 8 questions, with a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always).&#xD;
The total score shows support received and support gave, higher is the result, more it indicates that the member of the couple gave support and receives it (score min = 0 and score max=40).</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row..</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Conjugal Support Questionnaire (CSQ)-Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire measure the quality of the support received and given perceived by the two members of the couple. It consists of a total of 8 questions, with a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always).&#xD;
The total score shows support received and support gave, higher is the result, more it indicates that the member of the couple gave support and receives it (score min = 0 and score max=40).</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row..</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="29.93" spread="0.46"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="29.90" spread="0.51"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="32.05" spread="0.47"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="29.46" spread="0.53"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="30.83" spread="0.47"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="31.09" spread="0.54"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="31.85" spread="0.49"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="30.99" spread="0.58"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Psychological Distress Index (IDPESQ-14)-Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure psychological distress, including symptoms of depression and anxiety. We used the version of the questionnaire with 14 items. A Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;never = 1&quot; to &quot;very often = 3&quot; is used and the respondent must respond according to their condition during the last seven days. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 42. A score of 26 and above indicates a high level of psychological distress.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Psychological Distress Index (IDPESQ-14)-Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure psychological distress, including symptoms of depression and anxiety. We used the version of the questionnaire with 14 items. A Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;never = 1&quot; to &quot;very often = 3&quot; is used and the respondent must respond according to their condition during the last seven days. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 42. A score of 26 and above indicates a high level of psychological distress.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="23.75" spread=".97"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="22.38" spread="1.08"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="12.76" spread=".99"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="16.4" spread="1.13"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="27"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="11.94" spread="1.01"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="17.03" spread="1.16"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="20"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="13.45" spread="1.04"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="16.96" spread="1.25"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)-Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure depressive symptoms in an individual. It measures these symptoms as defined in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) for depressive episodes.This questionnaire has 20 items and it assesses how the psychological well-being of the person during the last week. A 4-point Likert-type scale is used ranging from &quot;0 = Never, very rarely (less than a day)&quot; to a rating of &quot;3 = Frequently, all the time (5 to 7 days)&quot; The score can therefore vary from 0 to 60, the higher it is the higher the risk of depression. For a man, a threshold of 17 indicates a risk of depression and for a woman the same threshold is 23.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)-Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure depressive symptoms in an individual. It measures these symptoms as defined in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) for depressive episodes.This questionnaire has 20 items and it assesses how the psychological well-being of the person during the last week. A 4-point Likert-type scale is used ranging from &quot;0 = Never, very rarely (less than a day)&quot; to a rating of &quot;3 = Frequently, all the time (5 to 7 days)&quot; The score can therefore vary from 0 to 60, the higher it is the higher the risk of depression. For a man, a threshold of 17 indicates a risk of depression and for a woman the same threshold is 23.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="16.71" spread=".76"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="15.67" spread=".85"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.81" spread=".78"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="11.63" spread=".89"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="27"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.37" spread=".79"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="12.46" spread=".92"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="20"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.07" spread=".82"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="11.81" spread=".99"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Psychological Distress Index (IDPESQ-14)-Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure psychological distress, including symptoms of depression and anxiety. We used the version of the questionnaire with 14 items. A Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;never = 1&quot; to &quot;very often = 3&quot; is used and the respondent must respond according to their condition during the last seven days. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 42. A score of 26 and above indicates a high level of psychological distress.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Psychological Distress Index (IDPESQ-14)-Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure psychological distress, including symptoms of depression and anxiety. We used the version of the questionnaire with 14 items. A Likert-type scale ranging from &quot;never = 1&quot; to &quot;very often = 3&quot; is used and the respondent must respond according to their condition during the last seven days. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 42. A score of 26 and above indicates a high level of psychological distress.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="18.83" spread="1.43"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="20.58" spread="1.58"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="14.45" spread="1.48"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="14.04" spread="1.73"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="10.19" spread="1.53"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="15.26" spread="1.84"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="12.24" spread="1.59"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="13.43" spread="2.04"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)-Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure depressive symptoms in an individual. It measures these symptoms as defined in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) for depressive episodes.This questionnaire has 20 items and it assesses how the psychological well-being of the person during the last week. A 4-point Likert-type scale is used ranging from &quot;0 = Never, very rarely (less than a day)&quot; to a rating of &quot;3 = Frequently, all the time (5 to 7 days)&quot; The score can therefore vary from 0 to 60, the higher it is the higher the risk of depression. For a man, a threshold of 17 indicates a risk of depression and for a woman the same threshold is 23.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)-Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This instrument is used to measure depressive symptoms in an individual. It measures these symptoms as defined in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) for depressive episodes.This questionnaire has 20 items and it assesses how the psychological well-being of the person during the last week. A 4-point Likert-type scale is used ranging from &quot;0 = Never, very rarely (less than a day)&quot; to a rating of &quot;3 = Frequently, all the time (5 to 7 days)&quot; The score can therefore vary from 0 to 60, the higher it is the higher the risk of depression. For a man, a threshold of 17 indicates a risk of depression and for a woman the same threshold is 23.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="14.88" spread="1.03"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="15.56" spread="1.14"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="9.08" spread="1.06"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="11.86" spread="1.24"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.29" spread="1.10"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="10.96" spread="1.33"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="9.01" spread="1.15"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="10.22" spread="1.48"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Conjugal Support Questionnaire(CSQ)-Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire makes it possible to measure the quality of the support received and given perceived by the two members of the couple. It consists of a total of 8 questions, with a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always).&#xD;
The total score shows support received and support gave, higher is the result, more it indicates that the member of the couple gave support and receives it (score min = 0 and score max=40).</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Conjugal Support Questionnaire(CSQ)-Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire makes it possible to measure the quality of the support received and given perceived by the two members of the couple. It consists of a total of 8 questions, with a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always).&#xD;
The total score shows support received and support gave, higher is the result, more it indicates that the member of the couple gave support and receives it (score min = 0 and score max=40).</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="31.10" spread=".46"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="30.68" spread=".51"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="32.65" spread=".48"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="30.77" spread=".56"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="33.30" spread=".49"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="30.64" spread=".59"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="33.67" spread=".54"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="29.66" spread=".67"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Marital Status Inventory (MSI)-Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
The MSI is used to measure marital stability in a couple. It comprises a series of 14 items (with inverted items) in a &quot;true&quot; or &quot;false&quot; format thus aiming to assess the risk of separation in this couple (e.g., I very often have ideas of divorce, until once a week or more). Marital distress is measured in terms of concrete actions taken by members of the couple in order to end their union. The total score is between 0 and 14. The higher the scores, the higher the risk of separation and marital distress. A threshold of 8 is considered to be a severe indicator of separation.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Marital Status Inventory (MSI)-Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
The MSI is used to measure marital stability in a couple. It comprises a series of 14 items (with inverted items) in a &quot;true&quot; or &quot;false&quot; format thus aiming to assess the risk of separation in this couple (e.g., I very often have ideas of divorce, until once a week or more). Marital distress is measured in terms of concrete actions taken by members of the couple in order to end their union. The total score is between 0 and 14. The higher the scores, the higher the risk of separation and marital distress. A threshold of 8 is considered to be a severe indicator of separation.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.14" spread="0.23"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="4.10" spread="0.26"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.19" spread="0.24"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.59" spread="0.27"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.26" spread="0.24"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="2.15" spread="0.28"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.17" spread="0.25"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.33" spread="0.31"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Marital Status Inventory (MSI)-Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The MSI is used to measure marital stability in a couple.&#xD;
It comprises a series of 14 items (with inverted items) in a &quot;true&quot; or &quot;false&quot; format thus aiming to assess the risk of separation in this couple (e.g., I very often have ideas of divorce, until once a week or more). Marital distress is measured in terms of concrete actions taken by members of the couple in order to end their union. The total score is between 0 and 14. The higher the scores, the higher the risk of separation and marital distress. A threshold of 8 is considered to be a severe indicator of separation.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Marital Status Inventory (MSI)-Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The MSI is used to measure marital stability in a couple.&#xD;
It comprises a series of 14 items (with inverted items) in a &quot;true&quot; or &quot;false&quot; format thus aiming to assess the risk of separation in this couple (e.g., I very often have ideas of divorce, until once a week or more). Marital distress is measured in terms of concrete actions taken by members of the couple in order to end their union. The total score is between 0 and 14. The higher the scores, the higher the risk of separation and marital distress. A threshold of 8 is considered to be a severe indicator of separation.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.02" spread="0.25"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="2.18" spread="0.28"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="1.48" spread="0.26"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="1.91" spread="0.30"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="1.90" spread="0.27"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="1.65" spread="0.32"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="1.27" spread=".30"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.63" spread=".38"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-4)-Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
The Dyadic Adjustment Scale is an ultra-brief measure degree of marital satisfaction within the couple.&#xD;
The short version is made up of only 4 items (considered divorce, estimation of the quality of the relation, confide to mate, degree of happiness): three of which are on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (all the time) to 5 (never) , while the final item is on a 7-point scale ranging from 0 (extremely happy) to 6 (perfect).&#xD;
Theoretically possible maximum score of 21, and minimum 0. Scores lower than 11 indicating relationship distress, scores between 12 and 14 corresponding to medium satisfaction and scores upper 15 indicating good marital satisfaction.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-4)-Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
The Dyadic Adjustment Scale is an ultra-brief measure degree of marital satisfaction within the couple.&#xD;
The short version is made up of only 4 items (considered divorce, estimation of the quality of the relation, confide to mate, degree of happiness): three of which are on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (all the time) to 5 (never) , while the final item is on a 7-point scale ranging from 0 (extremely happy) to 6 (perfect).&#xD;
Theoretically possible maximum score of 21, and minimum 0. Scores lower than 11 indicating relationship distress, scores between 12 and 14 corresponding to medium satisfaction and scores upper 15 indicating good marital satisfaction.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="11.67" spread="0.32"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="11.29" spread="0.35"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="15.42" spread="0.32"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="13.28" spread="0.37"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="15.35" spread="0.34"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="14.76" spread="0.38"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="15.05" spread="0.35"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="12.38" spread="0.41"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-4)-Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The Dyadic Adjustment Scale is an ultra-brief measure degree of marital satisfaction within the couple.&#xD;
The short version is made up of only 4 items (considered divorce, estimation of the quality of the relation, confide to mate, degree of happiness): three of which are on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (all the time) to 5 (never) , while the final item is on a 7-point scale ranging from 0 (extremely happy) to 6 (perfect).&#xD;
Theoretically possible maximum score of 21, and minimum 0. Scores lower than 11 indicating relationship distress, scores between 12 and 14 corresponding to medium satisfaction and scores upper 15 indicating good marital satisfaction.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-4)-Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The Dyadic Adjustment Scale is an ultra-brief measure degree of marital satisfaction within the couple.&#xD;
The short version is made up of only 4 items (considered divorce, estimation of the quality of the relation, confide to mate, degree of happiness): three of which are on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (all the time) to 5 (never) , while the final item is on a 7-point scale ranging from 0 (extremely happy) to 6 (perfect).&#xD;
Theoretically possible maximum score of 21, and minimum 0. Scores lower than 11 indicating relationship distress, scores between 12 and 14 corresponding to medium satisfaction and scores upper 15 indicating good marital satisfaction.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="11.96" spread="0.48"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="11.20" spread="0.53"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="15.09" spread="0.49"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="14.29" spread="0.58"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="16.08" spread="0.51"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="14.49" spread="0.61"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="15.43" spread="0.55"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="12.30" spread="0.70"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Conflict Tactics Scale-2_Psychological Violence Issued by the Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The psychological violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of psychological violence committed against the Gambler in the last 3 months. It is made up of 14 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 84. The higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Conflict Tactics Scale-2_Psychological Violence Issued by the Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The psychological violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of psychological violence committed against the Gambler in the last 3 months. It is made up of 14 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 84. The higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="19.64" spread="1.78"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="19.17" spread="1.95"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="13.38" spread="1.84"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="14.16" spread="2.12"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.65" spread="1.94"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="12.46" spread="2.32"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="7.96" spread="2.05"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="14.52" spread="2.58"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Interpersonal Communication Skills Inventory-self _Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This lists of skills consist of 17 items that expressed in statements representing observable verbal behaviors.Participants were asked to report frequency estimates of their own use of such verbal behaviors using a 4 point likert scale (0 = almost never, 4 = almost always). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 68. The higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of good communication skills.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Interpersonal Communication Skills Inventory-self _Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This lists of skills consist of 17 items that expressed in statements representing observable verbal behaviors.Participants were asked to report frequency estimates of their own use of such verbal behaviors using a 4 point likert scale (0 = almost never, 4 = almost always). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 68. The higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of good communication skills.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="37.39" spread=".53"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="36.99" spread=".58"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="38.69" spread=".54"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="38.45" spread=".61"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="27"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="39.73" spread=".54"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="38.42" spread=".62"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="20"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="39.82" spread=".57"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="39.24" spread=".67"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Marital Problem Solving Scale (MPSS)-Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This instrument has 9 items, using a 7-point Likert-type scale. It is used in order to better understand the negotiation and conflict resolution skills that the couple members have used within their marital relationship in the last three months.&#xD;
The score varies between 9 and 63. A high score indicates a greater degree of perceived problem-solving skill within the marital relationship.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Marital Problem Solving Scale (MPSS)-Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This instrument has 9 items, using a 7-point Likert-type scale. It is used in order to better understand the negotiation and conflict resolution skills that the couple members have used within their marital relationship in the last three months.&#xD;
The score varies between 9 and 63. A high score indicates a greater degree of perceived problem-solving skill within the marital relationship.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="45.95" spread=".95"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="44.67" spread="1.05"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="48.53" spread=".98"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="46.63" spread="1.15"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="48.3" spread="1.02"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="44.75" spread="1.23"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="48.29" spread="1.12"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="44.7" spread="1.4"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Coping Skills _Social Support Sub-scale_Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18. Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Coping Skills _Social Support Sub-scale_Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18. Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="5.24" spread=".62"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="5.60" spread=".69"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="9.33" spread=".64"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="6.92" spread=".76"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="5.36" spread=".68"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="4.76" spread=".80"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.12" spread=".77"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.00" spread=".89"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Standard Units of Alcoholic Drinks Per Week _Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Number of alcohol standard units (Canada, 1 unit = 13,6g of alcohol) per week during the last three months.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Standard Units of Alcoholic Drinks Per Week _Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Number of alcohol standard units (Canada, 1 unit = 13,6g of alcohol) per week during the last three months.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>standard units of alcoholic drinks</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="5.46" spread="1.10"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="4.96" spread="1.22"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="7.35" spread="1.14"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="4.15" spread="1.33"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="3.70" spread="1.18"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="4.28" spread="1.43"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="3.99" spread="1.25"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="7.47" spread="1.59"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Frequency of Cannabis Use Per week_Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Frequency of cannabis use per week in the last three months with a 5-point Likert-type scale (never = 0, 3 times a week or more = 4). Higher the score is, more it indicates a high frequency of cannabis use.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Frequency of Cannabis Use Per week_Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
Frequency of cannabis use per week in the last three months with a 5-point Likert-type scale (never = 0, 3 times a week or more = 4). Higher the score is, more it indicates a high frequency of cannabis use.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value=".46" spread=".07"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value=".41" spread=".08"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value=".31" spread=".07"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value=".41" spread=".08"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value=".33" spread=".07"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value=".41" spread=".09"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value=".36" spread=".08"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value=".54" spread=".09"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Conflict Tactics Scale-2 _ Physical Violence Issued by the Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The physical violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of physical violence committed against the Gambler in the last 3 months. It is made up of 18 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). The total score corresponds to the average obtained on the 18 items, the higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Conflict Tactics Scale-2 _ Physical Violence Issued by the Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
The physical violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of physical violence committed against the Gambler in the last 3 months. It is made up of 18 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). The total score corresponds to the average obtained on the 18 items, the higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="0.47" spread=".49"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="1.21" spread=".42"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="0.82" spread=".42"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="1.34" spread=".38"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value=".87" spread=".56"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="1.55" spread=".46"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value=".38" spread=".45"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="1.68" spread=".40"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Conflict Tactics Scale-2_ Physique Violence Issued by the Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for the Partner&#xD;
The physical violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of physical violence committed against the partner in the last 3 months. It is made up of 18 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). The total score corresponds to the average obtained on the 18 items, the higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Conflict Tactics Scale-2_ Physique Violence Issued by the Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for the Partner&#xD;
The physical violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of physical violence committed against the partner in the last 3 months. It is made up of 18 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). The total score corresponds to the average obtained on the 18 items, the higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="1.42" spread=".31"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="1.69" spread=".35"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="1.23" spread=".32"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="1.71" spread=".36"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="27"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value=".94" spread=".32"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value=".79" spread=".38"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="20"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value=".46" spread=".34"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="1.56" spread=".40"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Conflict Tactics Scale-2 _ Psychological Violence Issued by the Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
The psychological violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of psychological violence committed against the partner in the last 3 months. It is made up of 14 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 84. The higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Conflict Tactics Scale-2 _ Psychological Violence Issued by the Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
The psychological violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of psychological violence committed against the partner in the last 3 months. It is made up of 14 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 84. The higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="21.50" spread="1.40"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="23.44" spread="1.53"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="17.44" spread="1.43"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="18.36" spread="1.61"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="27"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="14.91" spread="1.46"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="16.52" spread="1.66"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="20"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="35"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="11.09" spread="1.54"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="17.00" spread="1.81"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Coping Skills _Positive Reevaluation/Problem Solving Sub-scale_Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 9 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 27. Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling</title>
            <description>Already described in the &quot;Intervention Description&quot; section&#xD;
Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Well described in the Intervention section&#xD;
Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Coping Skills _Positive Reevaluation/Problem Solving Sub-scale_Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 9 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 27. Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="10.08" spread="1.08"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="9.90" spread="1.21"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="15.48" spread="1.12"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="13.12" spread="1.33"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="10.69" spread="1.19"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="10.79" spread="1.40"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="9.25" spread="1.34"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="8.52" spread="1.55"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Coping Skills _Distancing / Withdrawal Sub-scale_Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling</title>
            <description>Already described in the &quot;Intervention Description&quot; section&#xD;
Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Well described in the Intervention section&#xD;
Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Coping Skills _Distancing / Withdrawal Sub-scale_Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.14" spread=".48"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="9.22" spread=".54"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.85" spread=".50"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="5.3" spread=".59"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.78" spread=".53"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="4.72" spread=".62"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.11" spread=".6"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="2.49" spread=".69"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Marital Problem Solving Scale (MPSS)-Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners This instrument has 9 items, using a 7-point Likert-type scale. It is used in order to better understand the negotiation and conflict resolution skills that the couple members have used within their marital relationship in the last three months.The score varies between 9 and 63. A high score indicates a greater degree of perceived problem-solving skill within the marital relationship.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Marital Problem Solving Scale (MPSS)-Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners This instrument has 9 items, using a 7-point Likert-type scale. It is used in order to better understand the negotiation and conflict resolution skills that the couple members have used within their marital relationship in the last three months.The score varies between 9 and 63. A high score indicates a greater degree of perceived problem-solving skill within the marital relationship.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="44.14" spread=".67"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="43.53" spread=".74"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="48.58" spread=".68"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="47.02" spread=".77"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="27"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="47.9" spread=".69"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="48.62" spread=".8"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="20"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="48.75" spread=".73"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="48.54" spread=".88"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Interpersonal Communication Skills Inventory-self _Gambler</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This lists of skills consist of 17 items that expressed in statements representing observable verbal behaviors.Participants were asked to report frequency estimates of their own use of such verbal behaviors using a 4 point likert scale (0 = almost never, 4 = almost always). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 68.The higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of good communication skills.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Interpersonal Communication Skills Inventory-self _Gambler</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Gamblers&#xD;
This lists of skills consist of 17 items that expressed in statements representing observable verbal behaviors.Participants were asked to report frequency estimates of their own use of such verbal behaviors using a 4 point likert scale (0 = almost never, 4 = almost always). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 68.The higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of good communication skills.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="34.34" spread=".9"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="33.48" spread="1.00"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="38.57" spread=".94"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="34.48" spread="1.09"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="37.41" spread=".97"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="35.66" spread="1.17"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="39.68" spread="1.06"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="35.86" spread="1.32"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Coping Skills _Social Support Sub-scale_Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling</title>
            <description>Already described in the &quot;Intervention Description&quot; section&#xD;
Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Well described in the Intervention section&#xD;
Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Coping Skills _Social Support Sub-scale_Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.54" spread="0.61"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="8.50" spread="0.67"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.71" spread="0.62"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="6.02" spread="0.70"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="6.40" spread="0.63"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="5.63" spread="0.71"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="7.10" spread="0.70"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="8.11" spread="0.80"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Coping Skills _Distancing / Withdrawal Sub-scale_Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling</title>
            <description>Already described in the &quot;Intervention Description&quot; section&#xD;
Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Well described in the Intervention section&#xD;
Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Coping Skills _Distancing / Withdrawal Sub-scale_Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="5.38" spread="0.31"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="5.69" spread="0.34"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.95" spread="0.32"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.30" spread="0.36"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.50" spread="0.32"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.39" spread="0.36"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="2.48" spread="0.36"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.30" spread="0.42"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Coping Skills_Positive Reevaluation/Problem Solving Sub-scale_Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 9 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 27.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling</title>
            <description>Already described in the &quot;Intervention Description&quot; section&#xD;
Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Well described in the Intervention section&#xD;
Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Coping Skills_Positive Reevaluation/Problem Solving Sub-scale_Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome Measure for Partners&#xD;
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 9 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 27.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.54" spread="0.61"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="8.50" spread="0.67"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="8.71" spread="0.62"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="6.02" spread="0.70"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="6.40" spread="0.63"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="5.63" spread="0.71"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="7.10" spread="0.70"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="8.11" spread="0.80"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Standard Units of Alcoholic Drinks Per Week _Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome measure for Partners&#xD;
Number of alcohol standard units (Canada, 1 unit = 13,6g of alcohol) per week during the last three months.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Standard Units of Alcoholic Drinks Per Week _Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome measure for Partners&#xD;
Number of alcohol standard units (Canada, 1 unit = 13,6g of alcohol) per week during the last three months.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>standard units of alcoholic drinks</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.04" spread="0.40"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.89" spread="0.44"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="3.98" spread="0.40"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.87" spread="0.45"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="4.08" spread="0.41"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.69" spread="0.46"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="3.40" spread="0.42"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="3.47" spread="0.49"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Secondary</type>
        <title>Frequency of Cannabis Use Per week_Partner</title>
        <description>Outcome measure for Partners&#xD;
Frequency of cannabis use per week in the last three months with a 5-point Likert-type scale (never = 0, 3 times a week or more = 4). Higher the score is, more it indicates a high frequency of cannabis use.</description>
        <time_frame>Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)</time_frame>
        <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
            <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
            <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Frequency of Cannabis Use Per week_Partner</title>
          <description>Outcome measure for Partners&#xD;
Frequency of cannabis use per week in the last three months with a 5-point Likert-type scale (never = 0, 3 times a week or more = 4). Higher the score is, more it indicates a high frequency of cannabis use.</description>
          <population>Analysis Population is based on all participants (n= 80 couples) enrolled in the study. Over the 18 months of follow-up, a slight attrition of participants can be observed, explaining the difference between the overall number of participants analyzed and the number of participants analyzed per row.</population>
          <units>score on a scale</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <title>Admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="44"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="36"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="0.24" spread="0.05"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="0.22" spread="0.06"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>3 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="41"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="30"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="0.29" spread="0.05"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="0.32" spread="0.06"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>9 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="38"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="26"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="0.21" spread="0.06"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="0.29" spread="0.06"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
            <class>
              <title>18 months post-admission</title>
              <analyzed_list>
                <analyzed>
                  <units>Participants</units>
                  <scope>Class</scope>
                  <count_list>
                    <count group_id="O1" value="35"/>
                    <count group_id="O2" value="22"/>
                  </count_list>
                </analyzed>
              </analyzed_list>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="0.21" spread="0.06"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="0.35" spread="0.07"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
    </outcome_list>

    <reported_events>
      <time_frame>We did not collect information on adverse events.</time_frame>
      <desc>Since our intervention was behavioral in nature and did not involve any biomedical follow-up, we had no data to report in this section.</desc>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="E1">
          <title>Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)</title>
          <description>Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the &quot;Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy&quot; from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).</description>
        </group>
        <group group_id="E2">
          <title>Usual Individual/Group Treatment</title>
          <description>Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <serious_events>
        <category_list>
          <category>
            <title>Total</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, all-cause mortality</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="0"/>
                <counts group_id="E2" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="0"/>
              </event>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, serious adverse events</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="0"/>
                <counts group_id="E2" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="0"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
        </category_list>
      </serious_events>
      <other_events>
        <frequency_threshold>0</frequency_threshold>
        <category_list>
          <category>
            <title>Total</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, other adverse events</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="0"/>
                <counts group_id="E2" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="0"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
        </category_list>
      </other_events>
    </reported_events>

    <certain_agreements>
      <pi_employee>All Principal Investigators ARE employed by the organization sponsoring the study.</pi_employee>
      <restrictive_agreement>There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed. </restrictive_agreement>
    </certain_agreements>
    <point_of_contact>
      <name_or_title>Dr. Joël Tremblay</name_or_title>
      <organization>Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières</organization>
      <phone>4186592170 ext 2820</phone>
      <email>joel.tremblay@uqtr.ca</email>
    </point_of_contact>
  </clinical_results>
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02240485
org study id: CER-10-156-06.13
nct id: NCT02240485
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: Yes
is fda regulated drug: No
is fda regulated device: No
The aim of the study is to compare marital treatment to individual treatment for pathological
      gambling.
The study as two goals: evaluate the efficacy of couple treatment for pathological gambling
      and develop a better understanding of the individual (substance use, mental health) and
      couple dimensions (communication, marital satisfaction, violence) as intermediate variables
      explaining this efficacy. Couples will be randomized between the couple treatment and the
      treatment as usual (individual or group). The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8
      to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Therapy for
      Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the "Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy" from
      Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During
      the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner
      to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors
      incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing
      positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).

      The control group receives individual or group treatment as already offered by the
      specialized centers in addiction. Their partner can receive individual intervention if
      desired. All participants are recruited in Specialized Addiction Treatment Centers in Quebec
      province, Canada. Evaluation of participants is done at admission, three, nine and 18 months
      post-admission.

      Repeated measures ANOVA will be used to compared evolutions of groups over time. Multiple
      regression will allow the estimation of components roles into as intermediate variables to
      predict rehabilitation.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS)
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome measure for Gamblers
The G-SAS is a 12-item self-rated scale designed to assess gambling symptom severity and change during treatment.
Each 12-item scale has a score ranging from 0 - 4 (adjective anchors for 0 and 4 vary for each item but "0 means no symptoms" and "4 means extreme symptoms").
All items ask for an average symptom based on the past 7 days (average urge, frequency, duration and control,thoughts associated with gambling,time spent on gambling,anticipatory tension and/or excitement, emotional distress).
The total score ranges from 0 to 48.
A score between 8 and 20 is an indicator of low urges to gamble, between 21 and 30, moderate urges, between 31 and 40 severe urges and a score of over 40 reveals the presence of extreme urges in the player.
measure: Frequency of the Most Problematic Game
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
Among 12 types of gambling activities, the highest frequency of gambling behaviors for the past 6 months (never = 0; every or almost every day=5). Maximum score is 5. The higher is the score, the higher is the frequency.
measure: Detection of Gambling Problems and Services Need ("Détection et Besoin d'Aide en Regard du Jeu Excessif- DÉBA-Jeu")
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
The DEBA-Jeu is a very brief screening grid comprising eight Likert-type items in five points (never = 0, always = 4). The eight items form a scale where the total score varies between 0 and 32. The suggested breaking points are as follows: 0 to 1 = No problem gambling; 2 to 5 =Problem gambling ; 6 to 24 = High probability of problem gambling.
measure: Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI)
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome measure for Gamblers
The Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) is a 9-item measure with a 4-point Likert-type scale (0 = Never, 3 = Almost always).It asks questions about an individual's gambling habits in the last three months from four categories:
Gambling involvement; Problem gambling behaviour; Adverse Consequences; Correlates of problem gambling.
Scores for the nine items are summed, and the results are interpreted as follows: 0 = non-problem ; 1-4 = low risk; 5-7 = moderate risk; 8 and + (maximum 27) = probable pathological player.
measure: Canadian Dollars Spent on Gambling
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome measure for Gamblers
Total Money spent in canadian dollars for all gambling activities during the last 3 months previous each research interview.
measure: Impaired Control Over Gambling Scale (ICOG)
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
The ICOG is used to measure two aspects of control related to the JHA processes, namely the level of control over the desire to start playing (e.g., when I decide not to play, I watch stick to that decision) as well as the level of control once the game has started (e.g., when I knew I had little time to play, I would limit myself to the scheduled time). This questionnaire has a total of 10 items and uses a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from "Never = 1" to "Always = 5", with 4 inverted items.
The total score varies between 10 and 50. A high control represents a score between 10 and 16, a moderate control between 17 and 23 and a score of 24 and more presents a low control in the player.
measure: Inventory of Erroneous Beliefs Related to Gambling ("Inventaire Des Croyances liées Aux Jeux" - ICROLJ)-Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
This questionnaire measures people's beliefs about gambling. The ICROLJ has 29 items and uses a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from "Strongly disagree" = 0 to "Strongly agree"=4. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 116.Higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of erroneous beliefs.
measure: Negative Gambling Consequences-Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
Short questionnaire of 10 items, assessing to what extent the respondent considers his gambling habits in the last 6 months have harmed various aspects of his life (financial, living conditions, marital, physical health, professional life, social, legal and family). A 5-point Likert-type scale is used "Not at all = 0" to "Extremely = 4". To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 40.Higher the score is, more it's indicate that the respondent is experiencing negative impacts because of his gambling habits.
measure: Negative Gambling Consequences-Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
Short questionnaire of 10 items, assessing to what extent the respondent considers that his partner's gambling habits have harmed various aspects of his life in the last 6 months (financial, living conditions, marital, physical health, professional life, social, legal and family). A 5-point Likert-type scale is used "Not at all = 0" to "Extremely = 4". To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 40. Higher the score is, more it's indicate that the respondent is experiencing negative impacts because of his partner's gambling habits.
measure: Inventory of Erroneous Beliefs Related to Gambling ("Inventaire Des Croyances liées Aux Jeux" - ICROLJ)-Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
This questionnaire measures people's beliefs about gambling. The ICROLJ has 29 items and uses a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from "Strongly disagree" = 0 to "Strongly agree"=4.
To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 116. Higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of erroneous beliefs.
measure: Conjugal Support Questionnaire (CSQ)-Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
This questionnaire measure the quality of the support received and given perceived by the two members of the couple. It consists of a total of 8 questions, with a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always).
The total score shows support received and support gave, higher is the result, more it indicates that the member of the couple gave support and receives it (score min = 0 and score max=40).
measure: Psychological Distress Index (IDPESQ-14)-Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
This instrument is used to measure psychological distress, including symptoms of depression and anxiety. We used the version of the questionnaire with 14 items. A Likert-type scale ranging from "never = 1" to "very often = 3" is used and the respondent must respond according to their condition during the last seven days. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 42. A score of 26 and above indicates a high level of psychological distress.
measure: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)-Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
This instrument is used to measure depressive symptoms in an individual. It measures these symptoms as defined in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) for depressive episodes.This questionnaire has 20 items and it assesses how the psychological well-being of the person during the last week. A 4-point Likert-type scale is used ranging from "0 = Never, very rarely (less than a day)" to a rating of "3 = Frequently, all the time (5 to 7 days)" The score can therefore vary from 0 to 60, the higher it is the higher the risk of depression. For a man, a threshold of 17 indicates a risk of depression and for a woman the same threshold is 23.
measure: Psychological Distress Index (IDPESQ-14)-Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
This instrument is used to measure psychological distress, including symptoms of depression and anxiety. We used the version of the questionnaire with 14 items. A Likert-type scale ranging from "never = 1" to "very often = 3" is used and the respondent must respond according to their condition during the last seven days. To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 42. A score of 26 and above indicates a high level of psychological distress.
measure: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)-Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
This instrument is used to measure depressive symptoms in an individual. It measures these symptoms as defined in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) for depressive episodes.This questionnaire has 20 items and it assesses how the psychological well-being of the person during the last week. A 4-point Likert-type scale is used ranging from "0 = Never, very rarely (less than a day)" to a rating of "3 = Frequently, all the time (5 to 7 days)" The score can therefore vary from 0 to 60, the higher it is the higher the risk of depression. For a man, a threshold of 17 indicates a risk of depression and for a woman the same threshold is 23.
measure: Conjugal Support Questionnaire(CSQ)-Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
This questionnaire makes it possible to measure the quality of the support received and given perceived by the two members of the couple. It consists of a total of 8 questions, with a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always).
The total score shows support received and support gave, higher is the result, more it indicates that the member of the couple gave support and receives it (score min = 0 and score max=40).
measure: Marital Status Inventory (MSI)-Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
The MSI is used to measure marital stability in a couple. It comprises a series of 14 items (with inverted items) in a "true" or "false" format thus aiming to assess the risk of separation in this couple (e.g., I very often have ideas of divorce, until once a week or more). Marital distress is measured in terms of concrete actions taken by members of the couple in order to end their union. The total score is between 0 and 14. The higher the scores, the higher the risk of separation and marital distress. A threshold of 8 is considered to be a severe indicator of separation.
measure: Marital Status Inventory (MSI)-Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
The MSI is used to measure marital stability in a couple.
It comprises a series of 14 items (with inverted items) in a "true" or "false" format thus aiming to assess the risk of separation in this couple (e.g., I very often have ideas of divorce, until once a week or more). Marital distress is measured in terms of concrete actions taken by members of the couple in order to end their union. The total score is between 0 and 14. The higher the scores, the higher the risk of separation and marital distress. A threshold of 8 is considered to be a severe indicator of separation.
measure: Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-4)-Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
The Dyadic Adjustment Scale is an ultra-brief measure degree of marital satisfaction within the couple.
The short version is made up of only 4 items (considered divorce, estimation of the quality of the relation, confide to mate, degree of happiness): three of which are on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (all the time) to 5 (never) , while the final item is on a 7-point scale ranging from 0 (extremely happy) to 6 (perfect).
Theoretically possible maximum score of 21, and minimum 0. Scores lower than 11 indicating relationship distress, scores between 12 and 14 corresponding to medium satisfaction and scores upper 15 indicating good marital satisfaction.
measure: Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS-4)-Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
The Dyadic Adjustment Scale is an ultra-brief measure degree of marital satisfaction within the couple.
The short version is made up of only 4 items (considered divorce, estimation of the quality of the relation, confide to mate, degree of happiness): three of which are on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (all the time) to 5 (never) , while the final item is on a 7-point scale ranging from 0 (extremely happy) to 6 (perfect).
Theoretically possible maximum score of 21, and minimum 0. Scores lower than 11 indicating relationship distress, scores between 12 and 14 corresponding to medium satisfaction and scores upper 15 indicating good marital satisfaction.
measure: Conflict Tactics Scale-2_Psychological Violence Issued by the Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
The psychological violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of psychological violence committed against the Gambler in the last 3 months. It is made up of 14 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 84. The higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.
measure: Interpersonal Communication Skills Inventory-self _Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
This lists of skills consist of 17 items that expressed in statements representing observable verbal behaviors.Participants were asked to report frequency estimates of their own use of such verbal behaviors using a 4 point likert scale (0 = almost never, 4 = almost always). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 68. The higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of good communication skills.
measure: Marital Problem Solving Scale (MPSS)-Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
This instrument has 9 items, using a 7-point Likert-type scale. It is used in order to better understand the negotiation and conflict resolution skills that the couple members have used within their marital relationship in the last three months.
The score varies between 9 and 63. A high score indicates a greater degree of perceived problem-solving skill within the marital relationship.
measure: Coping Skills _Social Support Sub-scale_Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18. Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.
measure: Standard Units of Alcoholic Drinks Per Week _Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome measure for Gamblers
Number of alcohol standard units (Canada, 1 unit = 13,6g of alcohol) per week during the last three months.
measure: Frequency of Cannabis Use Per week_Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome measure for Gamblers
Frequency of cannabis use per week in the last three months with a 5-point Likert-type scale (never = 0, 3 times a week or more = 4). Higher the score is, more it indicates a high frequency of cannabis use.
measure: Conflict Tactics Scale-2 _ Physical Violence Issued by the Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome measure for Gamblers
The physical violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of physical violence committed against the Gambler in the last 3 months. It is made up of 18 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). The total score corresponds to the average obtained on the 18 items, the higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.
measure: Conflict Tactics Scale-2_ Physique Violence Issued by the Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for the Partner
The physical violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of physical violence committed against the partner in the last 3 months. It is made up of 18 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). The total score corresponds to the average obtained on the 18 items, the higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.
measure: Conflict Tactics Scale-2 _ Psychological Violence Issued by the Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
The psychological violence suffered is a subscale of the CTS-2 questionnaire which aims to assess the manifestations of psychological violence committed against the partner in the last 3 months. It is made up of 14 items that are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (never happened = 0, 1 time = 1, 2 times = 2, 3 to 5 times = 3, 6 to 10 times = 4, 11 to 20 = 5, more than 20 times = 6). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 84. The higher it is, more it indicates that the respondent has suffered episodes of violence.
measure: Coping Skills _Positive Reevaluation/Problem Solving Sub-scale_Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome measure for Gamblers
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 9 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 27. Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.
measure: Coping Skills _Distancing / Withdrawal Sub-scale_Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome measure for Gamblers
This questionnaire is used to identify the coping strategies used to cope with gambling's habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.
measure: Marital Problem Solving Scale (MPSS)-Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners This instrument has 9 items, using a 7-point Likert-type scale. It is used in order to better understand the negotiation and conflict resolution skills that the couple members have used within their marital relationship in the last three months.The score varies between 9 and 63. A high score indicates a greater degree of perceived problem-solving skill within the marital relationship.
measure: Interpersonal Communication Skills Inventory-self _Gambler
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Gamblers
This lists of skills consist of 17 items that expressed in statements representing observable verbal behaviors.Participants were asked to report frequency estimates of their own use of such verbal behaviors using a 4 point likert scale (0 = almost never, 4 = almost always). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 68.The higher the score is, more it indicates the presence of good communication skills.
measure: Coping Skills _Social Support Sub-scale_Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.
measure: Coping Skills _Distancing / Withdrawal Sub-scale_Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 6 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 18.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.
measure: Coping Skills_Positive Reevaluation/Problem Solving Sub-scale_Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome Measure for Partners
This questionnaire is used to identify coping strategies to cope with stressful situations caused by their spouse's gambling habits in the last three months. The subscale is made up of 9 items marked from 0 to 3 (0 = not used; 3 = used a lot). To compute a total score, all item' score are summed. The total score ranges from 0 to 27.Higher the score is, more it indicates the respondent's tendency to adopt the behaviors described by the subscale when he is in a stressful situation.
measure: Standard Units of Alcoholic Drinks Per Week _Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome measure for Partners
Number of alcohol standard units (Canada, 1 unit = 13,6g of alcohol) per week during the last three months.
measure: Frequency of Cannabis Use Per week_Partner
time frame: Admission, 3, 9 and 18 month post-admission (The first admission was March 2011 and the last admission will be June 2016)
description: Outcome measure for Partners
Frequency of cannabis use per week in the last three months with a 5-point Likert-type scale (never = 0, 3 times a week or more = 4). Higher the score is, more it indicates a high frequency of cannabis use.
arm group label: Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)
arm group type: Experimental
description: Couple therapy: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the "Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy" from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).
arm group label: Usual individual/group treatment
arm group type: Active Comparator
description: Usual individual/group treatment: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)
description: The experimental couple treatment is offered over 8 to 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The couple treatment called (Integrative Couple Therapy for Pathological Gambling - ICT-PG) is inspired by the "Alcohol Behavior Couple Therapy" from Epstein and McCrady, to which the team added diverse components to adjust to gamblers. During the sessions, the focus is on a) reducing/stopping gambling behaviors, b) helping the partner to stop behaviors facilitating gambling habits and rise the frequency of behaviors incompatible with gambling habits and c) improve marital components (communication, sharing positive moments, negotiation, mutual support).
arm group label: Integrative Couple Treatment for Pathological Gambling (ICT-PG)
other name: Couple therapy
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Usual individual/group treatment
description: The control group receive individual or group treatment as already offered by the specialized centers in addiction.Their partner can receive individual intervention if desired.
arm group label: Usual individual/group treatment
other name: treatment as usual
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: N/A
healthy volunteers: No
last name: Joël Tremblay
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
facility: 
country: Canada
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
investigator full name: Joël Tremblay
investigator title: Principal Investigator
mesh term: Gambling
sharing ipd: No
provided document: 
provided document: 
provided document: 
participant flow: 
baseline: 
outcome list: 
reported events: 
certain agreements: 
point of contact: 