<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02187887</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>R34AA022400</org_study_id>
    <secondary_id>R34AA022400</secondary_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02187887</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Online Program for Young Adult Veteran Drinkers</brief_title>
  <official_title>Brief Online Intervention to Reduce Heavy Alcohol Use Among Young Adult Veterans</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>RAND</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)</agency>
      <agency_class>NIH</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>RAND</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The primary objective of the research study is to test the feasibility of a brief&#xD;
      Internet-based intervention to reduce heavy alcohol use among young adult veterans of wars in&#xD;
      Iraq and Afghanistan. Veterans are recruited through the social media website Facebook in two&#xD;
      phases. In the first phase, investigators collect data from 800 veteran participants to&#xD;
      document and analyze drinking norms in this population. In the second phase, investigators&#xD;
      use the norms collected in Phase 1 and information from the analyses to develop and pilot&#xD;
      test an online intervention with young adult veteran participants. Six hundred participants&#xD;
      are recruited through Facebook and randomly assigned to intervention (N = 300) or control (N&#xD;
      = 300) conditions. It is hypothesized that those in the intervention condition will drink&#xD;
      less at a one-month follow-up period than those in the control condition. Investigators also&#xD;
      collect feedback from participants on the usability of the online intervention.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      This study was conducted in two phases with the main goal of developing and testing a very&#xD;
      brief online program to reduce heavy alcohol use among young adult veterans in the United&#xD;
      States.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In the first phase, we examined how the social media website Facebook could be used to reach&#xD;
      veterans in the community for the intervention effort. Although veterans are an at-risk group&#xD;
      for heavy drinking and mental health problems, few seek care. Thus, we were able to document&#xD;
      that targeted Facebook advertisements can be used to reach out to veterans and provide them&#xD;
      with an alcohol reduction program that they likely would not have received otherwise.&#xD;
&#xD;
      In the second phase, we used the data we collected from participants in the first phase to&#xD;
      develop a personalized normative feedback intervention. This intervention was very brief and&#xD;
      online, and showed young veterans information to correct their misperceptions about the&#xD;
      drinking behavior of their peers. For example, in the intervention, young veterans would be&#xD;
      asked how much they believe other veterans like themselves drink alcohol. Then, they would&#xD;
      view information about veterans like themselves that showed them that other veterans do not&#xD;
      drink as much as they think they do. This is important because much research has documented&#xD;
      that perceptions about how much others drink is a major factor contributing to how much one&#xD;
      drinks themselves. Thus, correcting these misperceptions has been a primary strategy for&#xD;
      reducing drinking among young people. These norms correction strategies have mostly been&#xD;
      tested with college students or other non-veteran young adult groups, and when they have been&#xD;
      tested with veterans they have been tested within much lengthier, multicomponent&#xD;
      interventions. Our study was the first to test the norms correction strategy alone with young&#xD;
      veterans using an online design meant to reach veterans in the community through recruitment&#xD;
      on Facebook.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date>May 2015</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">October 1, 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">April 2016</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Prevention</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Alcohol Use</measure>
    <time_frame>Past month (30 days)</time_frame>
    <description>Total drinks per week in the past 30 days</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Alcohol-related Consequences</measure>
    <time_frame>Past month (30 days)</time_frame>
    <description>Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. This is a 21 item measure of alcohol-related consequences experienced by young adults. Participants indicate whether or not they have experienced each of the consequences in the past month (1 = yes, 0 = no). Scores range from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicated a greater number of consequences experienced.&#xD;
Citation: Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., &amp; Read, J. P. (2005). Toward efficient and comprehensive measurement of the alcohol problems continuum in college students: The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29(7), 1180-1189.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">793</enrollment>
  <condition>AOD Misuse</condition>
  <condition>AOD Associated Consequences</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Personalized normative feedback</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>Intervention participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the drinking behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>Control participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the video game playing behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Behavioral</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Personalized normative feedback</intervention_name>
    <description>Participants receive behavioral norms feedback based on their response to items in a baseline survey. Personal responses are presented along with perceptions of other same gender veterans and actual drinking norms of same gender veterans.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Personalized normative feedback</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>PNF</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. United States veteran from Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, or&#xD;
             Operation New Dawn who has been discharged or separated from the Army, Navy, Marines,&#xD;
             or Air Force and is not currently in the reserves&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. between the ages of 18 and 34&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. the ability to read English (also a requirement of military service)&#xD;
&#xD;
          4. access to a computer and the Internet&#xD;
&#xD;
          5. has an email address 6) an AUDIT score of &gt;4 (men) or &gt;3 (women) in order to reach&#xD;
             those who may benefit from an intervention targeted toward reducing alcohol misuse&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  None besides not meeting inclusion criteria&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>34 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Eric R Pedersen, PhD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>RAND</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>RAND</name>
      <address>
        <city>Santa Monica</city>
        <state>California</state>
        <zip>90407</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <link>
    <url>https://www.rand.org/health-care/projects/veterans-online/pubs.html</url>
    <description>Related Info</description>
  </link>
  <verification_date>May 2019</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>July 9, 2014</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>July 10, 2014</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">July 11, 2014</study_first_posted>
  <results_first_submitted>November 21, 2017</results_first_submitted>
  <results_first_submitted_qc>April 12, 2018</results_first_submitted_qc>
  <results_first_posted type="Actual">April 17, 2018</results_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>May 29, 2019</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>May 29, 2019</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Actual">June 11, 2019</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>alcohol</keyword>
  <keyword>young adult veterans</keyword>
  <keyword>brief intervention</keyword>
  <keyword>online</keyword>
  <keyword>perceived norms</keyword>

  <clinical_results>

    <participant_flow>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="P1">
          <title>Personalized Normative Feedback</title>
          <description>Intervention participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the drinking behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans&#xD;
Personalized normative feedback: Participants receive behavioral norms feedback based on their response to items in a baseline survey. Personal responses are presented along with perceptions of other same gender veterans and actual drinking norms of same gender veterans.</description>
        </group>
        <group group_id="P2">
          <title>Control</title>
          <description>Control participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the video game playing behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <period_list>
        <period>
          <title>Overall Study</title>
          <milestone_list>
            <milestone>
              <title>STARTED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="393"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="400"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="388"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="396"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
            <milestone>
              <title>NOT COMPLETED</title>
              <participants_list>
                <participants group_id="P1" count="5"/>
                <participants group_id="P2" count="4"/>
              </participants_list>
            </milestone>
          </milestone_list>
        </period>
      </period_list>
    </participant_flow>

    <baseline>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="B1">
          <title>Personalized Normative Feedback</title>
          <description>Intervention participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the drinking behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans&#xD;
Personalized normative feedback: Participants receive behavioral norms feedback based on their response to items in a baseline survey. Personal responses are presented along with perceptions of other same gender veterans and actual drinking norms of same gender veterans.</description>
        </group>
        <group group_id="B2">
          <title>Control</title>
          <description>Control participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the video game playing behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans</description>
        </group>
        <group group_id="B3">
          <title>Total</title>
          <description>Total of all reporting groups</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <analyzed_list>
        <analyzed>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <scope>Overall</scope>
          <count_list>
            <count group_id="B1" value="388"/>
            <count group_id="B2" value="396"/>
            <count group_id="B3" value="784"/>
          </count_list>
        </analyzed>
      </analyzed_list>
      <measure_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Age</title>
          <units>years</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="28.8" spread="3.3"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="28.9" spread="3.5"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="28.9" spread="3.4"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Sex: Female, Male</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>Female</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="61"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="70"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="131"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Male</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="327"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="326"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="653"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>Hispanic or Latino</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="36"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="46"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="82"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Not Hispanic or Latino</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="352"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="350"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="702"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Unknown or Not Reported</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="0"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="0"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="0"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
        <measure>
          <title>Race (NIH/OMB)</title>
          <units>Participants</units>
          <param>Count of Participants</param>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <title>American Indian or Alaska Native</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="9"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="10"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="19"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Asian</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="4"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="4"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="8"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="2"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="1"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="3"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Black or African American</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="14"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="18"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="32"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>White</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="330"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="334"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="664"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>More than one race</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="25"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="20"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="45"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
                <category>
                  <title>Unknown or Not Reported</title>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="B1" value="4"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B2" value="9"/>
                    <measurement group_id="B3" value="13"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </measure_list>
    </baseline>

    <outcome_list>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Alcohol Use</title>
        <description>Total drinks per week in the past 30 days</description>
        <time_frame>Past month (30 days)</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Personalized Normative Feedback</title>
            <description>Intervention participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the drinking behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans&#xD;
Personalized normative feedback: Participants receive behavioral norms feedback based on their response to items in a baseline survey. Personal responses are presented along with perceptions of other same gender veterans and actual drinking norms of same gender veterans.</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Control</title>
            <description>Control participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the video game playing behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Alcohol Use</title>
          <description>Total drinks per week in the past 30 days</description>
          <units>drinks per week at follow-up month</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="388"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="396"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="9.9" spread="12.1"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="13.4" spread="14.8"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
      <outcome>
        <type>Primary</type>
        <title>Alcohol-related Consequences</title>
        <description>Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. This is a 21 item measure of alcohol-related consequences experienced by young adults. Participants indicate whether or not they have experienced each of the consequences in the past month (1 = yes, 0 = no). Scores range from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicated a greater number of consequences experienced.&#xD;
Citation: Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., &amp; Read, J. P. (2005). Toward efficient and comprehensive measurement of the alcohol problems continuum in college students: The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29(7), 1180-1189.</description>
        <time_frame>Past month (30 days)</time_frame>
        <group_list>
          <group group_id="O1">
            <title>Personalized Normative Feedback</title>
            <description>Intervention participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the drinking behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans&#xD;
Personalized normative feedback: Participants receive behavioral norms feedback based on their response to items in a baseline survey. Personal responses are presented along with perceptions of other same gender veterans and actual drinking norms of same gender veterans.</description>
          </group>
          <group group_id="O2">
            <title>Control</title>
            <description>Control participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the video game playing behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans</description>
          </group>
        </group_list>
        <measure>
          <title>Alcohol-related Consequences</title>
          <description>Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. This is a 21 item measure of alcohol-related consequences experienced by young adults. Participants indicate whether or not they have experienced each of the consequences in the past month (1 = yes, 0 = no). Scores range from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicated a greater number of consequences experienced.&#xD;
Citation: Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., &amp; Read, J. P. (2005). Toward efficient and comprehensive measurement of the alcohol problems continuum in college students: The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29(7), 1180-1189.</description>
          <units>consequences at follow-up month</units>
          <param>Mean</param>
          <dispersion>Standard Deviation</dispersion>
          <analyzed_list>
            <analyzed>
              <units>Participants</units>
              <scope>Measure</scope>
              <count_list>
                <count group_id="O1" value="388"/>
                <count group_id="O2" value="396"/>
              </count_list>
            </analyzed>
          </analyzed_list>
          <class_list>
            <class>
              <category_list>
                <category>
                  <measurement_list>
                    <measurement group_id="O1" value="3.8" spread="5.6"/>
                    <measurement group_id="O2" value="5.3" spread="6.3"/>
                  </measurement_list>
                </category>
              </category_list>
            </class>
          </class_list>
        </measure>
      </outcome>
    </outcome_list>

    <reported_events>
      <group_list>
        <group group_id="E1">
          <title>Personalized Normative Feedback</title>
          <description>Intervention participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the drinking behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans&#xD;
Personalized normative feedback: Participants receive behavioral norms feedback based on their response to items in a baseline survey. Personal responses are presented along with perceptions of other same gender veterans and actual drinking norms of same gender veterans.</description>
        </group>
        <group group_id="E2">
          <title>Control</title>
          <description>Control participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the video game playing behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans</description>
        </group>
      </group_list>
      <serious_events>
        <category_list>
          <category>
            <title>Total</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, serious adverse events</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="388"/>
                <counts group_id="E2" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="396"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
        </category_list>
      </serious_events>
      <other_events>
        <frequency_threshold>5</frequency_threshold>
        <category_list>
          <category>
            <title>Total</title>
            <event_list>
              <event>
                <sub_title>Total, other adverse events</sub_title>
                <counts group_id="E1" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="388"/>
                <counts group_id="E2" subjects_affected="0" subjects_at_risk="396"/>
              </event>
            </event_list>
          </category>
        </category_list>
      </other_events>
    </reported_events>

    <certain_agreements>
      <pi_employee>Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.</pi_employee>
      <restrictive_agreement>There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed. </restrictive_agreement>
    </certain_agreements>
    <point_of_contact>
      <name_or_title>Eric Pedersen</name_or_title>
      <organization>RAND</organization>
      <phone>3103930411 ext 6078</phone>
      <email>ericp@rand.org</email>
    </point_of_contact>
  </clinical_results>
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02187887
org study id: R34AA022400
secondary id: R34AA022400
nct id: NCT02187887
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
The primary objective of the research study is to test the feasibility of a brief
      Internet-based intervention to reduce heavy alcohol use among young adult veterans of wars in
      Iraq and Afghanistan. Veterans are recruited through the social media website Facebook in two
      phases. In the first phase, investigators collect data from 800 veteran participants to
      document and analyze drinking norms in this population. In the second phase, investigators
      use the norms collected in Phase 1 and information from the analyses to develop and pilot
      test an online intervention with young adult veteran participants. Six hundred participants
      are recruited through Facebook and randomly assigned to intervention (N = 300) or control (N
      = 300) conditions. It is hypothesized that those in the intervention condition will drink
      less at a one-month follow-up period than those in the control condition. Investigators also
      collect feedback from participants on the usability of the online intervention.
This study was conducted in two phases with the main goal of developing and testing a very
      brief online program to reduce heavy alcohol use among young adult veterans in the United
      States.

      In the first phase, we examined how the social media website Facebook could be used to reach
      veterans in the community for the intervention effort. Although veterans are an at-risk group
      for heavy drinking and mental health problems, few seek care. Thus, we were able to document
      that targeted Facebook advertisements can be used to reach out to veterans and provide them
      with an alcohol reduction program that they likely would not have received otherwise.

      In the second phase, we used the data we collected from participants in the first phase to
      develop a personalized normative feedback intervention. This intervention was very brief and
      online, and showed young veterans information to correct their misperceptions about the
      drinking behavior of their peers. For example, in the intervention, young veterans would be
      asked how much they believe other veterans like themselves drink alcohol. Then, they would
      view information about veterans like themselves that showed them that other veterans do not
      drink as much as they think they do. This is important because much research has documented
      that perceptions about how much others drink is a major factor contributing to how much one
      drinks themselves. Thus, correcting these misperceptions has been a primary strategy for
      reducing drinking among young people. These norms correction strategies have mostly been
      tested with college students or other non-veteran young adult groups, and when they have been
      tested with veterans they have been tested within much lengthier, multicomponent
      interventions. Our study was the first to test the norms correction strategy alone with young
      veterans using an online design meant to reach veterans in the community through recruitment
      on Facebook.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Prevention
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Alcohol Use
time frame: Past month (30 days)
description: Total drinks per week in the past 30 days
measure: Alcohol-related Consequences
time frame: Past month (30 days)
description: Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. This is a 21 item measure of alcohol-related consequences experienced by young adults. Participants indicate whether or not they have experienced each of the consequences in the past month (1 = yes, 0 = no). Scores range from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicated a greater number of consequences experienced.
Citation: Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., & Read, J. P. (2005). Toward efficient and comprehensive measurement of the alcohol problems continuum in college students: The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29(7), 1180-1189.
arm group label: Personalized normative feedback
arm group type: Experimental
description: Intervention participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the drinking behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans
arm group label: Control
arm group type: No Intervention
description: Control participants receive feedback correcting their misperceptions of the video game playing behavior and attitudes of fellow veterans
intervention type: Behavioral
intervention name: Personalized normative feedback
description: Participants receive behavioral norms feedback based on their response to items in a baseline survey. Personal responses are presented along with perceptions of other same gender veterans and actual drinking norms of same gender veterans.
arm group label: Personalized normative feedback
other name: PNF
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 34 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Eric R Pedersen, PhD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: RAND
facility: 
country: United States
url: https://www.rand.org/health-care/projects/veterans-online/pubs.html
description: Related Info
responsible party type: Sponsor
participant flow: 
baseline: 
outcome list: 
reported events: 
certain agreements: 
point of contact: 