<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02238769</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>FECH-PET-2014</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02238769</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>18F-FluoroethylCholine Positron Emission Tomography: a Promising Diagnostic Tool for Hepatocellular Carcinoma</brief_title>
  <official_title>Diagnostic Accuracy of 18F-FluoroethylCholine Positron Emission Tomography for Hepatocellular Carcinoma</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Peking Union Medical College Hospital</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Peking Union Medical College Hospital</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      18F-FluoroethylCholine (18F-FECH) is a new tracer used in PET synthesized by Nuclear Medical&#xD;
      Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and is favored for diagnosis of primary brain&#xD;
      tumor. Although 18F-FECH showed a high presence of biological distribution in liver, 18F-FECH&#xD;
      PET may have a higher sensitivity in diagnosis of intra- and extra-hepatic lesions of HCC&#xD;
      respectively than those of 18F-FDG or 11C-acetate PET scan, and 18F-FECH PET could be a&#xD;
      promising tool in diagnosis and staging, therapy selection and prognostic evaluation for HCC&#xD;
      patients. However, much more cases are required to verify this theory. The purpose for this&#xD;
      study is to establish the model of clinical experimental prospective study, and to evaluate&#xD;
      the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks sixth in cancer incidence and third in cancer mortality&#xD;
      worldwide. The diagnosis of HCC is made on the basis of tumor markers and imaging examination&#xD;
      such as CT or MRI at present. The most commonly used serological marker is alpha-fetoprotein&#xD;
      (AFP), of which the sensitivity ranges from 33% to 85% and is only 56.3% on average. The&#xD;
      sensitivities of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of small HCC lesions (diameter ≤ 2cm) reported&#xD;
      to be about only 20% and 27% respectively. Therefore, distinction from small malignancies to&#xD;
      benign lesions by using tumor marker tests or conventional imaging method may be difficult&#xD;
      and unreliable.&#xD;
&#xD;
      Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in oncology. Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose&#xD;
      (18F-FDG) PET seems to be a powerful imaging method in diagnosis of breast cancer, gastric&#xD;
      cancer, and colorectal cancer. However, our previous study has showed the limited diagnostic&#xD;
      sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET in HCC lesions (54%), which makes 18F-FDG PET of no additional&#xD;
      value to conventional imaging in the diagnosis of HCC. 11C-acetate PET has been used in the&#xD;
      diagnosis of various malignant tumors. Compared with 18F-FDG PET, 11C-acetate PET has an&#xD;
      increased sensitivity (63.6%) in diagnosis of well-differentiated HCC, which presents a high&#xD;
      avidity for acetate rather than glucose. However, it still has a high rate of misdiagnoses,&#xD;
      and has been insufficient to complement 18F-FDG PET for a better diagnosis.&#xD;
&#xD;
      18F-FECH is a new tracer used in PET synthesized by Nuclear Medical Center of Peking Union&#xD;
      Medical College Hospital and is favored for diagnosis of primary brain tumor. 18F-FECH showed&#xD;
      a high presence of biological distribution in liver and was rarely used in HCC diagnosis.&#xD;
      Recently, we find that 18F-FECH may presents a higher sensitivity in diagnosis of intra- and&#xD;
      extra-hepatic lesions of HCC respectively, which are much higher than those of 18F-FDG or&#xD;
      11C-acetate PET scan. Therefore, 18F-FECH PET could be a promising tool in diagnosis and&#xD;
      staging, therapy selection and prognostic evaluation for HCC patients. However, more&#xD;
      researches are required to assess the accuracy and application prospect of 18F-FECH PET in&#xD;
      the diagnosis of HCC.&#xD;
&#xD;
      The aim of our study are:&#xD;
&#xD;
        1. To establish the model of clinical experimental prospective study, and to evaluate the&#xD;
           sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC.&#xD;
&#xD;
        2. To assess the accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC at the early stage (diameter&#xD;
           ≤ 3cm), and to explore the difference of 18F-FECH PET imaging findings between early or&#xD;
           late HCC lesions in order to guide the clinical application in the future.&#xD;
&#xD;
        3. To evaluate the effectiveness of 18F-FECH PET in differential diagnosis of HCC and liver&#xD;
           benign lesions such as hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hepatic adenoma, and&#xD;
           primary neuroendocrine tumors.&#xD;
&#xD;
        4. To evaluate the effectiveness of 18F-FECH PET in differential diagnosis of HCC and other&#xD;
           hepatic malignancies (ICC, HCC-ICC, CC, malignant lymphadenoma, sarcoma or&#xD;
           adenocarcinoma) or metastatic neoplasm.&#xD;
&#xD;
        5. To explore the clinical pathological characteristics of HCC patients which may affect&#xD;
           the accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC, and to determine under which&#xD;
           conditions the patients are suitable for 18F-FECH PET scan and to explore whether the&#xD;
           liver disease itself, such as cirrhosis would affect the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FECH&#xD;
           PET. The characteristics include tumor size (diameter ≤ or &gt; 3cm), number of lesions,&#xD;
           Edmondson grade (including immuno-histochemistry), tumor thrombus in portal vein,&#xD;
           extra-hepatic metastasis, clinical stage; patients' age, sex, history of disease&#xD;
           (including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, metabolic disease such as hepatolenticular&#xD;
           degeneration, genetic diseases such as Gaucher disease and Niemann-Peak disease), liver&#xD;
           function (Child-Pugh grade) and coagulation function.&#xD;
&#xD;
        6. To search the differences of accuracy between 18F-FECH PET and 18F-FDG PET in diagnosis&#xD;
           of HCC, and to explore the value of them in HCC diagnosis.&#xD;
&#xD;
        7. To detect the relationship between 18F-FECH PET imaging findings and the prognosis of&#xD;
           HCC patients under the same treatment, and to determine whether the 18F-FECH PET imaging&#xD;
           findings can be used as independent factors in evaluating prognosis of HCC.&#xD;
&#xD;
        8. To explore the mechanism of imaging features and specific findings of 18F-FECH PET in&#xD;
           the diagnosis of HCC, which may offer potential help for analyzing 18F-FECH PET results.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Unknown status</overall_status>
  <last_known_status>Recruiting</last_known_status>
  <start_date>July 2014</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Anticipated">October 2017</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Anticipated">October 2015</primary_completion_date>
  <study_type>Observational</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <observational_model>Case-Only</observational_model>
    <time_perspective>Prospective</time_perspective>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>SUVratio of FECH PET</measure>
    <time_frame>1 year</time_frame>
    <description>The studied population will be consisted of the patients with a suspicion of HCC treated in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2015. Patients following the Inclusion criteria and Exclusion criteria will undergo 18F-FECH and 18F-FDG PET examinations before clinical treatments. The maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of liver lesions and the mean SUV of the non-affected liver (SUVmean) will be measured. SUVratio will be calculated as SUVmax/ SUVmean.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Patients' lifespan</measure>
    <time_frame>2 years</time_frame>
    <description>Patients' lifespan and survival condition will be measured. The follow-up of the patients will end in April 2017. Tumor size, intensity of arterial enhancement on dynamic imaging of the primary lesion, and extent of disease after patients' treatments will be measured on CT and/or MRI.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <other_outcome>
    <measure>Data analysis</measure>
    <time_frame>2 months</time_frame>
    <description>A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve will be performed to assess the cutoff for the SUV. Sensitivity and specificity are based on McNemar's test. The results of 18F-FECH PET and pathological diagnosis for matching are compared by Kappa test. Pearson's chi square and Fisher's exact correlation tests are used for categorical data analyses. Survival analysis will be performed and survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test is used for the comparison between the two survival curves. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's test is used to evaluate the gene expressions. Date analysis will help us to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC, to assess the accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC at the early stage (diameter ≤ 3cm), and to explore the difference of 18F-FECH PET imaging findings between early or late HCC lesions in order to guide the clinical application in the future.</description>
  </other_outcome>
  <number_of_groups>1</number_of_groups>
  <enrollment type="Anticipated">80</enrollment>
  <condition>Hepatocellular Carcinoma</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Hepatocellular Carcinoma</arm_group_label>
    <description>18F-FluoroethylCholine PET will show the difference between HCC lesions and normal liver tissue</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Device</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>18F-FluoroethylCholine PET</intervention_name>
    <description>18F-FluoroethylCholine PET will be performed before any treatment of patients. 18F-FECH was prepared and provided by Nuclear Medical Center of our hospital.PET scan was performed using SIEMENS/CTI（index） EXACT HR（high resolution) +.</description>
    <arm_group_label>Hepatocellular Carcinoma</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <study_pop>
      <textblock>
        The studied population is consisted of the patients with a suspicion of HCC treated in our&#xD;
        hospital from September 2014 to August 2015.&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </study_pop>
    <sampling_method>Non-Probability Sample</sampling_method>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. patients should be older than 18 years;&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. patients were preliminary diagnosed as HCC by conventional imaging examinations such&#xD;
             as enhanced CT or MRI, or by history of liver disease or tumor marker texts (AFP,&#xD;
             CA19-9);&#xD;
&#xD;
          3. the final diagnosis should be based on pathological results.&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          1. women during pregnant stage or breast-feed stage;&#xD;
&#xD;
          2. patients suffered from serious neurological or psychiatric diseases so that (such as&#xD;
             claustrophobia) cannot rest for 15~30 min&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>18 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>80 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Yilei Mao, MD</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>PUMCH</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_contact>
    <last_name>Yilei Mao, MD</last_name>
    <phone>13011079603</phone>
    <email>yileimao@126.com</email>
  </overall_contact>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Department of liver surgery; Peking Union Medical College Hospital</name>
      <address>
        <city>Beijing</city>
        <state>Beijing</state>
        <zip>100730</zip>
        <country>China</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
    <status>Recruiting</status>
    <contact>
      <last_name>Yilei Mao, MD</last_name>
      <phone>13011079603</phone>
      <email>yileimao@126.com</email>
    </contact>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Yilei Mao, MD</last_name>
      <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Li Huo, MD</last_name>
      <role>Sub-Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Wei Xu, Dr</last_name>
      <role>Sub-Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Youjing Zheng, Dr</last_name>
      <role>Sub-Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
    <investigator>
      <last_name>Guilan Hu, Dr</last_name>
      <role>Sub-Investigator</role>
    </investigator>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>China</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Huo L, Dang Y, Lv J, Xing H, Li F. Application of dual phase imaging of 11C-acetate positron emission tomography on differential diagnosis of small hepatic lesions. PLoS One. 2014 May 9;9(5):e96517. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096517. eCollection 2014.</citation>
    <PMID>24816814</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mao Y, Yang H, Xu H, Lu X, Sang X, Du S, Zhao H, Chen W, Xu Y, Chi T, Yang Z, Cai J, Li H, Chen J, Zhong S, Mohanti SR, Lopez-Soler R, Millis JM, Huang J, Zhang H. Golgi protein 73 (GOLPH2) is a valuable serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut. 2010 Dec;59(12):1687-93. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.214916. Epub 2010 Sep 28.</citation>
    <PMID>20876776</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Larsson P, Arvidsson D, Bjornstedt M, Isaksson B, Jersenius U, Motarjemi H, Jacobsson H. Adding 11C-acetate to 18F-FDG at PET Examination Has an Incremental Value in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther. 2012 Apr;21(1):6-12. doi: 10.4274/Mirt.87. Epub 2012 Apr 1.</citation>
    <PMID>23487415</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>September 2014</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>September 3, 2014</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>September 10, 2014</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">September 12, 2014</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>September 10, 2014</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>September 10, 2014</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Estimate">September 12, 2014</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Hepatocellular Carcinoma, 18F-FluoroethylCholine PET</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Carcinoma</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02238769
org study id: FECH-PET-2014
nct id: NCT02238769
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
18F-FluoroethylCholine (18F-FECH) is a new tracer used in PET synthesized by Nuclear Medical
      Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and is favored for diagnosis of primary brain
      tumor. Although 18F-FECH showed a high presence of biological distribution in liver, 18F-FECH
      PET may have a higher sensitivity in diagnosis of intra- and extra-hepatic lesions of HCC
      respectively than those of 18F-FDG or 11C-acetate PET scan, and 18F-FECH PET could be a
      promising tool in diagnosis and staging, therapy selection and prognostic evaluation for HCC
      patients. However, much more cases are required to verify this theory. The purpose for this
      study is to establish the model of clinical experimental prospective study, and to evaluate
      the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks sixth in cancer incidence and third in cancer mortality
      worldwide. The diagnosis of HCC is made on the basis of tumor markers and imaging examination
      such as CT or MRI at present. The most commonly used serological marker is alpha-fetoprotein
      (AFP), of which the sensitivity ranges from 33% to 85% and is only 56.3% on average. The
      sensitivities of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of small HCC lesions (diameter ≤ 2cm) reported
      to be about only 20% and 27% respectively. Therefore, distinction from small malignancies to
      benign lesions by using tumor marker tests or conventional imaging method may be difficult
      and unreliable.

      Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in oncology. Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose
      (18F-FDG) PET seems to be a powerful imaging method in diagnosis of breast cancer, gastric
      cancer, and colorectal cancer. However, our previous study has showed the limited diagnostic
      sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET in HCC lesions (54%), which makes 18F-FDG PET of no additional
      value to conventional imaging in the diagnosis of HCC. 11C-acetate PET has been used in the
      diagnosis of various malignant tumors. Compared with 18F-FDG PET, 11C-acetate PET has an
      increased sensitivity (63.6%) in diagnosis of well-differentiated HCC, which presents a high
      avidity for acetate rather than glucose. However, it still has a high rate of misdiagnoses,
      and has been insufficient to complement 18F-FDG PET for a better diagnosis.

      18F-FECH is a new tracer used in PET synthesized by Nuclear Medical Center of Peking Union
      Medical College Hospital and is favored for diagnosis of primary brain tumor. 18F-FECH showed
      a high presence of biological distribution in liver and was rarely used in HCC diagnosis.
      Recently, we find that 18F-FECH may presents a higher sensitivity in diagnosis of intra- and
      extra-hepatic lesions of HCC respectively, which are much higher than those of 18F-FDG or
      11C-acetate PET scan. Therefore, 18F-FECH PET could be a promising tool in diagnosis and
      staging, therapy selection and prognostic evaluation for HCC patients. However, more
      researches are required to assess the accuracy and application prospect of 18F-FECH PET in
      the diagnosis of HCC.

      The aim of our study are:

        1. To establish the model of clinical experimental prospective study, and to evaluate the
           sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC.

        2. To assess the accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC at the early stage (diameter
           ≤ 3cm), and to explore the difference of 18F-FECH PET imaging findings between early or
           late HCC lesions in order to guide the clinical application in the future.

        3. To evaluate the effectiveness of 18F-FECH PET in differential diagnosis of HCC and liver
           benign lesions such as hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hepatic adenoma, and
           primary neuroendocrine tumors.

        4. To evaluate the effectiveness of 18F-FECH PET in differential diagnosis of HCC and other
           hepatic malignancies (ICC, HCC-ICC, CC, malignant lymphadenoma, sarcoma or
           adenocarcinoma) or metastatic neoplasm.

        5. To explore the clinical pathological characteristics of HCC patients which may affect
           the accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC, and to determine under which
           conditions the patients are suitable for 18F-FECH PET scan and to explore whether the
           liver disease itself, such as cirrhosis would affect the diagnostic efficacy of 18F-FECH
           PET. The characteristics include tumor size (diameter ≤ or > 3cm), number of lesions,
           Edmondson grade (including immuno-histochemistry), tumor thrombus in portal vein,
           extra-hepatic metastasis, clinical stage; patients' age, sex, history of disease
           (including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, metabolic disease such as hepatolenticular
           degeneration, genetic diseases such as Gaucher disease and Niemann-Peak disease), liver
           function (Child-Pugh grade) and coagulation function.

        6. To search the differences of accuracy between 18F-FECH PET and 18F-FDG PET in diagnosis
           of HCC, and to explore the value of them in HCC diagnosis.

        7. To detect the relationship between 18F-FECH PET imaging findings and the prognosis of
           HCC patients under the same treatment, and to determine whether the 18F-FECH PET imaging
           findings can be used as independent factors in evaluating prognosis of HCC.

        8. To explore the mechanism of imaging features and specific findings of 18F-FECH PET in
           the diagnosis of HCC, which may offer potential help for analyzing 18F-FECH PET results.
observational model: Case-Only
time perspective: Prospective
measure: SUVratio of FECH PET
time frame: 1 year
description: The studied population will be consisted of the patients with a suspicion of HCC treated in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2015. Patients following the Inclusion criteria and Exclusion criteria will undergo 18F-FECH and 18F-FDG PET examinations before clinical treatments. The maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of liver lesions and the mean SUV of the non-affected liver (SUVmean) will be measured. SUVratio will be calculated as SUVmax/ SUVmean.
measure: Patients' lifespan
time frame: 2 years
description: Patients' lifespan and survival condition will be measured. The follow-up of the patients will end in April 2017. Tumor size, intensity of arterial enhancement on dynamic imaging of the primary lesion, and extent of disease after patients' treatments will be measured on CT and/or MRI.
measure: Data analysis
time frame: 2 months
description: A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve will be performed to assess the cutoff for the SUV. Sensitivity and specificity are based on McNemar's test. The results of 18F-FECH PET and pathological diagnosis for matching are compared by Kappa test. Pearson's chi square and Fisher's exact correlation tests are used for categorical data analyses. Survival analysis will be performed and survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test is used for the comparison between the two survival curves. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's test is used to evaluate the gene expressions. Date analysis will help us to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC, to assess the accuracy of 18F-FECH PET in diagnosis of HCC at the early stage (diameter ≤ 3cm), and to explore the difference of 18F-FECH PET imaging findings between early or late HCC lesions in order to guide the clinical application in the future.
arm group label: Hepatocellular Carcinoma
description: 18F-FluoroethylCholine PET will show the difference between HCC lesions and normal liver tissue
intervention type: Device
intervention name: 18F-FluoroethylCholine PET
description: 18F-FluoroethylCholine PET will be performed before any treatment of patients. 18F-FECH was prepared and provided by Nuclear Medical Center of our hospital.PET scan was performed using SIEMENS/CTI（index） EXACT HR（high resolution) +.
arm group label: Hepatocellular Carcinoma
study pop: 
sampling method: Non-Probability Sample
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 18 Years
maximum age: 80 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Yilei Mao, MD
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: PUMCH
last name: Yilei Mao, MD
phone: 13011079603
email: yileimao@126.com
facility: 
status: Recruiting
contact: 
investigator: 
investigator: 
investigator: 
investigator: 
investigator: 
country: China
citation: Huo L, Dang Y, Lv J, Xing H, Li F. Application of dual phase imaging of 11C-acetate positron emission tomography on differential diagnosis of small hepatic lesions. PLoS One. 2014 May 9;9(5):e96517. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096517. eCollection 2014.
PMID: 24816814
citation: Mao Y, Yang H, Xu H, Lu X, Sang X, Du S, Zhao H, Chen W, Xu Y, Chi T, Yang Z, Cai J, Li H, Chen J, Zhong S, Mohanti SR, Lopez-Soler R, Millis JM, Huang J, Zhang H. Golgi protein 73 (GOLPH2) is a valuable serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut. 2010 Dec;59(12):1687-93. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.214916. Epub 2010 Sep 28.
PMID: 20876776
citation: Larsson P, Arvidsson D, Bjornstedt M, Isaksson B, Jersenius U, Motarjemi H, Jacobsson H. Adding 11C-acetate to 18F-FDG at PET Examination Has an Incremental Value in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther. 2012 Apr;21(1):6-12. doi: 10.4274/Mirt.87. Epub 2012 Apr 1.
PMID: 23487415
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Carcinoma
mesh term: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular