<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02255695</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>472552/2010-4</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT02255695</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Effects of a School-based Exercise Program on Posture, Trunk Range of Motion, and Musculoskeletal Pain</brief_title>
  <official_title>Effects of a School-based Exercise Program on Posture, Trunk Range of Motion, and Musculoskeletal Pain - A Randomized, Controlled Trial</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
    <collaborator>
      <agency>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </collaborator>
  </sponsors>
  <source>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based exercise program on&#xD;
      posture, trunk range of motion and musculoskeletal pain in schoolchildren. This study was a&#xD;
      Randomized controlled trial. The hypothesis was that the exercise group would have the&#xD;
      postural deviations corrected, would have the trunk range of motion increased and would have&#xD;
      the prevalence of pain decreased, while the control group would have not. Three schools from&#xD;
      Brazil participated. The students that have been included (n=300) were randomly allocated to&#xD;
      experimental (EG) or control group (CG). The intervention for EG consisted in a program based&#xD;
      on stretching and strengthening exercises, applied twice a week, for eight weeks, with group&#xD;
      sessions of 50 minutes. CG did not perform any intervention. Qualitative and quantitative&#xD;
      postural evaluation (PAS/SAPO), musculoskeletal pain (self-report) and trunk mobility were&#xD;
      collected.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date>December 2008</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">December 2012</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">December 2012</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>None (Open Label)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in the qualitative postural assessment from the baseline</measure>
    <time_frame>Two time points: baseline and 9 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Qualitative postural assessment was performed by a physiotherapist through the photographic records. The photos were recorded with the students in swimsuits and no shoes. The subject was positioned over the gyratory platform to avoid reposition for the photographic record, besides the plumb line, with the feet lined and separated by hip width. The records were performed in the frontal and sagittal planes, in the anterior, posterior and lateral view. According to the positioning of the structures in relation to the plumb line, the presence of postural changes was classified by the physiotherapist. Lateral tilt and forward head, shoulder protrusion, cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis were evaluated.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in the quantitative postural assessment from the baseline</measure>
    <time_frame>Two time points: baseline and 9 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>Postural Assessment Software (PAS/SAPo) was used to quantitatively assess posture. Reflective markers were placed by a trained physiotherapist on the anatomical landmarks of the subject. The subject was positioned over the gyratory platform, and photographic records were performed in the frontal and sagittal planes, in the anterior, posterior and lateral view.&#xD;
The analysis followed the guidelines of PAS/SAPo. The photos were aligned and calibrated. The reflective markers were identified and the protocol of measures of the PAS/SAPo was used, providing the following parameters: horizontal alignment of the acromions, horizontal alignment of the ASIS, angle between acromions and ASIS, vertical alignment of the trunk, horizontal alignment of the pelvis, horizontal alignment of the head, vertical alignment of the head.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in trunk range of motion from baseline</measure>
    <time_frame>Two time points: baseline and 9 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>A photogrammetric technique was used to measure the trunk flexion angle. This angle is formed between the line joining the markers attached on anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and greater trochanter and the line joining the marker fixed on the spinous process of the C7 vertebra and the one fixed on the ASIS. Two photographs were recorded; one in the upright position and the other in maximum trunk flexion. The trunk mobility was estimated by the difference between the values obtained in the two photographs. This procedure was performed in PAS/SAPo software.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <secondary_outcome>
    <measure>Changes in the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain from baseline</measure>
    <time_frame>Two time points: baseline and 9 weeks</time_frame>
    <description>The presence of pain was evaluated by self-report. The Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms body map was used to provide pain localization and data from musculoskeletal pain during the last 7 days. The pain intensity was also investigated by asking to the children about their pain in a 11-point scale, in which 0 is lack of pain and 10 is the greatest pain that the children had ever experienced.</description>
  </secondary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">300</enrollment>
  <condition>Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Control group</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>No Intervention</arm_group_type>
    <description>Control group</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>School-based exercise program</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>School-based exercise program</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>School-based exercise program</intervention_name>
    <description>The exercise program was applied, twice a week, for 8 weeks, with sessions of 50 minutes, in groups of 10 students. The exercise program was elaborate to restore muscular balance through flexibility, endurance and muscular strength. To promote flexibility stretching exercises for rotator neck muscles, lateral neck flexors, levator scapulae, upper trapezius, erector spinae, major and minor pectoralis, rhomboids, spinal lateral flexors, column rotators, piriformis, hamstrings, quadriceps, hip adductors and abductors were applied. Strengthening exercises were applied for the development of strength, endurance and control of deep flexor muscles of the cervical spine, stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint and scapula, abdominals, spine extensors and hip extensors.</description>
    <arm_group_label>School-based exercise program</arm_group_label>
    <other_name>Exercise group</other_name>
    <other_name>Intervention group</other_name>
    <other_name>Program based on stretching and strengthening exercises</other_name>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria: to attend elementary school and deliver the consent term signed by the&#xD;
        parents.&#xD;
&#xD;
        -&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria: presence of disability on musculoskeletal or neurological system,&#xD;
        exercise intolerance or attendance less than 50% in the exercise sections&#xD;
&#xD;
        -&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>5 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>18 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>Accepts Healthy Volunteers</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Mariana V Batistão, Master</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>Tatiana O Sato, Doctorade</last_name>
    <role>Study Director</role>
    <affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Universidade Federal de São Carlos</name>
      <address>
        <city>São Carlos</city>
        <state>São Paulo</state>
        <zip>13.565-905</zip>
        <country>Brazil</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>Brazil</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Cardon G, Balague F. Low back pain prevention's effects in schoolchildren. What is the evidence? Eur Spine J. 2004 Dec;13(8):663-79. doi: 10.1007/s00586-004-0749-6. Epub 2004 Jun 15.</citation>
    <PMID>15662541</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hakala P, Rimpela A, Salminen JJ, Virtanen SM, Rimpela M. Back, neck, and shoulder pain in Finnish adolescents: national cross sectional surveys. BMJ. 2002 Oct 5;325(7367):743. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7367.743.</citation>
    <PMID>12364301</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Limon S, Valinsky LJ, Ben-Shalom Y. Children at risk: risk factors for low back pain in the elementary school environment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Mar 15;29(6):697-702. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000116695.09697.22.</citation>
    <PMID>15014281</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>van Gent C, Dols JJ, de Rover CM, Hira Sing RA, de Vet HC. The weight of schoolbags and the occurrence of neck, shoulder, and back pain in young adolescents. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 May 1;28(9):916-21. doi: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000058721.69053.EC.</citation>
    <PMID>12942008</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Coleman J, Straker L, Ciccarelli M. Why do children think they get discomfort related to daily activities? Work. 2009;32(3):267-74. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2009-0825.</citation>
    <PMID>19369719</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Juskeliene V, Magnus P, Bakketeig LS, Dailidiene N, Jurkuvenas V. Prevalence and risk factors for asymmetric posture in preschool children aged 6-7 years. Int J Epidemiol. 1996 Oct;25(5):1053-9. doi: 10.1093/ije/25.5.1053.</citation>
    <PMID>8921494</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hrysomallis C, Goodman C. A review of resistance exercise and posture realignment. J Strength Cond Res. 2001 Aug;15(3):385-90.</citation>
    <PMID>11710670</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kjaer P, Leboeuf-Yde C, Sorensen JS, Bendix T. An epidemiologic study of MRI and low back pain in 13-year-old children. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Apr 1;30(7):798-806. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000157424.72598.ec.</citation>
    <PMID>15803084</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Correa EC, Berzin F. Efficacy of physical therapy on cervical muscle activity and on body posture in school-age mouth breathing children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Oct;71(10):1527-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.05.031. Epub 2007 Jul 30.</citation>
    <PMID>17659787</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Zaina F, Atanasio S, Ferraro C, Fusco C, Negrini A, Romano M, Negrini S. Review of rehabilitation and orthopedic conservative approach to sagittal plane diseases during growth: hyperkyphosis, junctional kyphosis, and Scheuermann disease. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2009 Dec;45(4):595-603.</citation>
    <PMID>20032919</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Ahlqwist A, Hagman M, Kjellby-Wendt G, Beckung E. Physical therapy treatment of back complaints on children and adolescents. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Sep 15;33(20):E721-7. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318182c347.</citation>
    <PMID>18794746</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Fanucchi GL, Stewart A, Jordaan R, Becker P. Exercise reduces the intensity and prevalence of low back pain in 12-13 year old children: a randomised trial. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55(2):97-104. doi: 10.1016/s0004-9514(09)70039-x.</citation>
    <PMID>19463080</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jones MA, Stratton G, Reilly T, Unnithan VB. Recurrent non-specific low-back pain in adolescents: the role of exercise. Ergonomics. 2007 Oct;50(10):1680-8. doi: 10.1080/00140130701587327.</citation>
    <PMID>17917907</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Whistance RS, Adams LP, van Geems BA, Bridger RS. Postural adaptations to workbench modifications in standing workers. Ergonomics. 1995 Dec;38(12):2485-503. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925282.</citation>
    <PMID>8586077</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Barr KP, Griggs M, Cadby T. Lumbar stabilization: a review of core concepts and current literature, part 2. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Jan;86(1):72-80. doi: 10.1097/01.phm.0000250566.44629.a0.</citation>
    <PMID>17304690</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Scannell JP, McGill SM. Lumbar posture--should it, and can it, be modified? A study of passive tissue stiffness and lumbar position during activities of daily living. Phys Ther. 2003 Oct;83(10):907-17.</citation>
    <PMID>14519062</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Mikkelsson LO, Nupponen H, Kaprio J, Kautiainen H, Mikkelsson M, Kujala UM. Adolescent flexibility, endurance strength, and physical activity as predictors of adult tension neck, low back pain, and knee injury: a 25 year follow up study. Br J Sports Med. 2006 Feb;40(2):107-13. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.017350.</citation>
    <PMID>16431995</PMID>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>September 2014</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>July 24, 2014</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>September 29, 2014</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">October 2, 2014</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>September 29, 2014</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>September 29, 2014</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Estimate">October 2, 2014</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Principal Investigator</responsible_party_type>
    <investigator_affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos</investigator_affiliation>
    <investigator_full_name>Mariana Vieira Batistão</investigator_full_name>
    <investigator_title>Master</investigator_title>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>posture</keyword>
  <keyword>child</keyword>
  <keyword>prevention</keyword>
  <keyword>muscle strength</keyword>
  <keyword>muscle stretching exercises</keyword>
  <keyword>exercise therapy</keyword>
  <keyword>disease management</keyword>
  <keyword>musculoskeletal pain</keyword>
  <keyword>adolescent</keyword>
  <keyword>spinal curvatures</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Musculoskeletal Pain</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Connective Tissue Diseases</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02255695
org study id: 472552/2010-4
nct id: NCT02255695
lead sponsor: 
collaborator: 
collaborator: 
has dmc: No
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based exercise program on
      posture, trunk range of motion and musculoskeletal pain in schoolchildren. This study was a
      Randomized controlled trial. The hypothesis was that the exercise group would have the
      postural deviations corrected, would have the trunk range of motion increased and would have
      the prevalence of pain decreased, while the control group would have not. Three schools from
      Brazil participated. The students that have been included (n=300) were randomly allocated to
      experimental (EG) or control group (CG). The intervention for EG consisted in a program based
      on stretching and strengthening exercises, applied twice a week, for eight weeks, with group
      sessions of 50 minutes. CG did not perform any intervention. Qualitative and quantitative
      postural evaluation (PAS/SAPO), musculoskeletal pain (self-report) and trunk mobility were
      collected.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: None (Open Label)
measure: Changes in the qualitative postural assessment from the baseline
time frame: Two time points: baseline and 9 weeks
description: Qualitative postural assessment was performed by a physiotherapist through the photographic records. The photos were recorded with the students in swimsuits and no shoes. The subject was positioned over the gyratory platform to avoid reposition for the photographic record, besides the plumb line, with the feet lined and separated by hip width. The records were performed in the frontal and sagittal planes, in the anterior, posterior and lateral view. According to the positioning of the structures in relation to the plumb line, the presence of postural changes was classified by the physiotherapist. Lateral tilt and forward head, shoulder protrusion, cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis were evaluated.
measure: Changes in the quantitative postural assessment from the baseline
time frame: Two time points: baseline and 9 weeks
description: Postural Assessment Software (PAS/SAPo) was used to quantitatively assess posture. Reflective markers were placed by a trained physiotherapist on the anatomical landmarks of the subject. The subject was positioned over the gyratory platform, and photographic records were performed in the frontal and sagittal planes, in the anterior, posterior and lateral view.
The analysis followed the guidelines of PAS/SAPo. The photos were aligned and calibrated. The reflective markers were identified and the protocol of measures of the PAS/SAPo was used, providing the following parameters: horizontal alignment of the acromions, horizontal alignment of the ASIS, angle between acromions and ASIS, vertical alignment of the trunk, horizontal alignment of the pelvis, horizontal alignment of the head, vertical alignment of the head.
measure: Changes in trunk range of motion from baseline
time frame: Two time points: baseline and 9 weeks
description: A photogrammetric technique was used to measure the trunk flexion angle. This angle is formed between the line joining the markers attached on anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and greater trochanter and the line joining the marker fixed on the spinous process of the C7 vertebra and the one fixed on the ASIS. Two photographs were recorded; one in the upright position and the other in maximum trunk flexion. The trunk mobility was estimated by the difference between the values obtained in the two photographs. This procedure was performed in PAS/SAPo software.
measure: Changes in the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain from baseline
time frame: Two time points: baseline and 9 weeks
description: The presence of pain was evaluated by self-report. The Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms body map was used to provide pain localization and data from musculoskeletal pain during the last 7 days. The pain intensity was also investigated by asking to the children about their pain in a 11-point scale, in which 0 is lack of pain and 10 is the greatest pain that the children had ever experienced.
arm group label: Control group
arm group type: No Intervention
description: Control group
arm group label: School-based exercise program
arm group type: Experimental
description: School-based exercise program
intervention type: Other
intervention name: School-based exercise program
description: The exercise program was applied, twice a week, for 8 weeks, with sessions of 50 minutes, in groups of 10 students. The exercise program was elaborate to restore muscular balance through flexibility, endurance and muscular strength. To promote flexibility stretching exercises for rotator neck muscles, lateral neck flexors, levator scapulae, upper trapezius, erector spinae, major and minor pectoralis, rhomboids, spinal lateral flexors, column rotators, piriformis, hamstrings, quadriceps, hip adductors and abductors were applied. Strengthening exercises were applied for the development of strength, endurance and control of deep flexor muscles of the cervical spine, stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint and scapula, abdominals, spine extensors and hip extensors.
arm group label: School-based exercise program
other name: Exercise group
other name: Intervention group
other name: Program based on stretching and strengthening exercises
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 5 Years
maximum age: 18 Years
healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
last name: Mariana V Batistão, Master
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
last name: Tatiana O Sato, Doctorade
role: Study Director
affiliation: Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
facility: 
country: Brazil
citation: Cardon G, Balague F. Low back pain prevention's effects in schoolchildren. What is the evidence? Eur Spine J. 2004 Dec;13(8):663-79. doi: 10.1007/s00586-004-0749-6. Epub 2004 Jun 15.
PMID: 15662541
citation: Hakala P, Rimpela A, Salminen JJ, Virtanen SM, Rimpela M. Back, neck, and shoulder pain in Finnish adolescents: national cross sectional surveys. BMJ. 2002 Oct 5;325(7367):743. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7367.743.
PMID: 12364301
citation: Limon S, Valinsky LJ, Ben-Shalom Y. Children at risk: risk factors for low back pain in the elementary school environment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Mar 15;29(6):697-702. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000116695.09697.22.
PMID: 15014281
citation: van Gent C, Dols JJ, de Rover CM, Hira Sing RA, de Vet HC. The weight of schoolbags and the occurrence of neck, shoulder, and back pain in young adolescents. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 May 1;28(9):916-21. doi: 10.1097/01.BRS.0000058721.69053.EC.
PMID: 12942008
citation: Coleman J, Straker L, Ciccarelli M. Why do children think they get discomfort related to daily activities? Work. 2009;32(3):267-74. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2009-0825.
PMID: 19369719
citation: Juskeliene V, Magnus P, Bakketeig LS, Dailidiene N, Jurkuvenas V. Prevalence and risk factors for asymmetric posture in preschool children aged 6-7 years. Int J Epidemiol. 1996 Oct;25(5):1053-9. doi: 10.1093/ije/25.5.1053.
PMID: 8921494
citation: Hrysomallis C, Goodman C. A review of resistance exercise and posture realignment. J Strength Cond Res. 2001 Aug;15(3):385-90.
PMID: 11710670
citation: Kjaer P, Leboeuf-Yde C, Sorensen JS, Bendix T. An epidemiologic study of MRI and low back pain in 13-year-old children. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Apr 1;30(7):798-806. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000157424.72598.ec.
PMID: 15803084
citation: Correa EC, Berzin F. Efficacy of physical therapy on cervical muscle activity and on body posture in school-age mouth breathing children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 Oct;71(10):1527-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.05.031. Epub 2007 Jul 30.
PMID: 17659787
citation: Zaina F, Atanasio S, Ferraro C, Fusco C, Negrini A, Romano M, Negrini S. Review of rehabilitation and orthopedic conservative approach to sagittal plane diseases during growth: hyperkyphosis, junctional kyphosis, and Scheuermann disease. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2009 Dec;45(4):595-603.
PMID: 20032919
citation: Ahlqwist A, Hagman M, Kjellby-Wendt G, Beckung E. Physical therapy treatment of back complaints on children and adolescents. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Sep 15;33(20):E721-7. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318182c347.
PMID: 18794746
citation: Fanucchi GL, Stewart A, Jordaan R, Becker P. Exercise reduces the intensity and prevalence of low back pain in 12-13 year old children: a randomised trial. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55(2):97-104. doi: 10.1016/s0004-9514(09)70039-x.
PMID: 19463080
citation: Jones MA, Stratton G, Reilly T, Unnithan VB. Recurrent non-specific low-back pain in adolescents: the role of exercise. Ergonomics. 2007 Oct;50(10):1680-8. doi: 10.1080/00140130701587327.
PMID: 17917907
citation: Whistance RS, Adams LP, van Geems BA, Bridger RS. Postural adaptations to workbench modifications in standing workers. Ergonomics. 1995 Dec;38(12):2485-503. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925282.
PMID: 8586077
citation: Barr KP, Griggs M, Cadby T. Lumbar stabilization: a review of core concepts and current literature, part 2. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Jan;86(1):72-80. doi: 10.1097/01.phm.0000250566.44629.a0.
PMID: 17304690
citation: Scannell JP, McGill SM. Lumbar posture--should it, and can it, be modified? A study of passive tissue stiffness and lumbar position during activities of daily living. Phys Ther. 2003 Oct;83(10):907-17.
PMID: 14519062
citation: Mikkelsson LO, Nupponen H, Kaprio J, Kautiainen H, Mikkelsson M, Kujala UM. Adolescent flexibility, endurance strength, and physical activity as predictors of adult tension neck, low back pain, and knee injury: a 25 year follow up study. Br J Sports Med. 2006 Feb;40(2):107-13. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.017350.
PMID: 16431995
responsible party type: Principal Investigator
investigator affiliation: Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
investigator full name: Mariana Vieira Batistão
investigator title: Master
mesh term: Musculoskeletal Pain
mesh term: Connective Tissue Diseases