<clinical_study>
  <!-- This xml conforms to an XML Schema at:
    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/html/images/info/public.xsd -->
  <required_header>
    <download_date>ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023</download_date>
    <link_text>Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.</link_text>
    <url>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01676389</url>
  </required_header>
  <id_info>
    <org_study_id>BHS-760</org_study_id>
    <nct_id>NCT01676389</nct_id>
  </id_info>
  <brief_title>Osteopathic Manual Medicine Treatment in Autism</brief_title>
  <acronym>OMMA</acronym>
  <official_title>Osteopathic Manual Medicine Treatment in Autism, A Pilot Study</official_title>
  <sponsors>
    <lead_sponsor>
      <agency>New York Institute of Technology</agency>
      <agency_class>Other</agency_class>
    </lead_sponsor>
  </sponsors>
  <source>New York Institute of Technology</source>
  <oversight_info>
    <has_dmc>No</has_dmc>
  </oversight_info>
  <brief_summary>
    <textblock>
      The purpose of this study is to determine how osteopathic manual medicine (OMM) will affect&#xD;
      core autism features including social and communication deficits. The investigators believe&#xD;
      that OMM approaches can positively influence some features associated with Autism/Autism&#xD;
      Spectrum Disorder (ASD).&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </brief_summary>
  <detailed_description>
    <textblock>
      Autism is a complex neuro-developmental disorder of early childhood onset characterized by&#xD;
      impairments in the core triad of social interaction, repetitive-stereotypes behaviors, and&#xD;
      verbal/nonverbal communication. This major public health concern exerts an enormous toll on&#xD;
      the quality of life of affected individuals, families, and society. Though there are&#xD;
      medications available for use in managing autism associated behaviors, including aggression,&#xD;
      self-injury and hyperactivity, there are no medical treatments of proven benefit in treating&#xD;
      core autistic features such as social and communication deficits. Complementary and&#xD;
      alternative medical treatments(CAM) are commonly used by individuals with a wide variety of&#xD;
      medical diseases including autism despite little evidence-based support for their efficacy.&#xD;
      Recent surveys reveal the prevalence of CAM use in children with autism to be between 30% and&#xD;
      95%. Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM) is one of the most well studied CAM treatments,&#xD;
      achieving widening acceptance with increasing evidence of safety and efficacy, as an adjunct&#xD;
      in the treatment of a number of conditions. OMM appears to be a safe treatment modality in&#xD;
      the pediatric population when administered by physicians with expertise in OMM. At a&#xD;
      physiologic level, OMM has been proposed to elicit some of its therapeutic and biomechanical&#xD;
      effects through an ability to mobilize body fluids, increase removal of metabolic waste, and&#xD;
      boost immune function. OMM has been shown to have favorable effects on neuro-endocrine and&#xD;
      immunologic function. As theories of autism pathogenesis often revolve around immune&#xD;
      dysregulation including lowered IgA levels, and accumulation of metabolic and xenobiotic&#xD;
      agents, there are theoretical mechanisms through which OMM can exert therapeutic effects. In&#xD;
      practice, OMM has been shown to improve sensory and motor performance with neurological&#xD;
      problems, including autism. Additionally, studies of manual medicine techniques similar in&#xD;
      principle to OMM, including Qigong massage and Tuina, have yielded favorable outcomes on a&#xD;
      number of core autistic features including social, language, sensory, cognition and self-care&#xD;
      domains as measured by the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Functional Independence&#xD;
      Measures for Children(WeeFIM). 30 subjects will be randomized to receive OMM or sham&#xD;
      treatments. Standardized assessment tools for autism symptom severity (ABC and WeeFIM) will&#xD;
      be administered pre- and post-study to compare treatment efficacy between arm. Saliva samples&#xD;
      will be collected pre- and post-treatment sessions to evaluate biochemical response and to&#xD;
      catalog genetic markers that could provide insight into subsets exhibiting differential&#xD;
      response.&#xD;
    </textblock>
  </detailed_description>
  <overall_status>Completed</overall_status>
  <start_date>January 2013</start_date>
  <completion_date type="Actual">May 2015</completion_date>
  <primary_completion_date type="Actual">October 2014</primary_completion_date>
  <phase>N/A</phase>
  <study_type>Interventional</study_type>
  <has_expanded_access>No</has_expanded_access>
  <study_design_info>
    <allocation>Randomized</allocation>
    <intervention_model>Parallel Assignment</intervention_model>
    <primary_purpose>Treatment</primary_purpose>
    <masking>Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)</masking>
  </study_design_info>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC)</measure>
    <time_frame>Enrollment, following treatment 4 (within 4-8 weeks post enrollment), and two weeks post completion of treatment 4 (within 6-10 weeks post enrollment)</time_frame>
    <description>This outcome measure is measuring the change from before and after each of the four treatments are administered. This is one of three primary outcomes being measured.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>Salivary IgA and Salivary Cortisol</measure>
    <time_frame>Change in baseline following treatment session 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Day 7, 14, 21, 28)</time_frame>
    <description>This outcome measure is measuring the change from before and after each of the four treatments are administered. This is one of three primary outcomes being measured.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <primary_outcome>
    <measure>WeeFIM measurement of child's functional abilities</measure>
    <time_frame>Enrollment, following treatment 4 (within 4-8 weeks post enrollment), and two weeks post completion of treatment 4 (within 6-10 weeks post enrollment)</time_frame>
    <description>This outcome measure is measuring the change from before and after each of the four treatments are administered. This is one of three primary outcomes being measured.</description>
  </primary_outcome>
  <number_of_arms>2</number_of_arms>
  <enrollment type="Actual">3</enrollment>
  <condition>Autism Spectrum Disorders</condition>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>OMM Hands-On Treatment</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Experimental</arm_group_type>
    <description>The Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM) Hands-On Treatment group will be receiving an osteopathic structural exam along with 7 gentle, non-thrusting techniques during each treatment session that lasts 20-30 minutes. The Sham treatment group will be receiving only an osteopathic structural exam that will be slowed down in order to be a similar duration to the full treatment group session (approximately 20-30 minutes).</description>
  </arm_group>
  <arm_group>
    <arm_group_label>Sham OMM</arm_group_label>
    <arm_group_type>Placebo Comparator</arm_group_type>
    <description>Sham Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM)</description>
  </arm_group>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Sham OMM</intervention_name>
    <description>Sham Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM).</description>
    <arm_group_label>Sham OMM</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <intervention>
    <intervention_type>Other</intervention_type>
    <intervention_name>Osteopathic Manual Medicine (Body Therapy)</intervention_name>
    <description>OMM techniques include the following - paraspinal soft tissue myofascial release, rib raising, cervical spine soft tissue myofascial release, suboccipital inhibition, thoracic balanced ligamentous tension technique, thoracic lymphatic pump and pedal lymphatic pump.</description>
    <arm_group_label>OMM Hands-On Treatment</arm_group_label>
  </intervention>
  <eligibility>
    <criteria>
      <textblock>
        Inclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  clinical diagnosis of Autism&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  ages 3-11 years&#xD;
&#xD;
        Exclusion Criteria:&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  individuals outside the age range&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  inability to provide documentation verifying Autism diagnosis&#xD;
&#xD;
          -  currently receiving or previously received osteopathic treatment&#xD;
      </textblock>
    </criteria>
    <gender>All</gender>
    <minimum_age>3 Years</minimum_age>
    <maximum_age>11 Years</maximum_age>
    <healthy_volunteers>No</healthy_volunteers>
  </eligibility>
  <overall_official>
    <last_name>David Tegay, D.O.</last_name>
    <role>Principal Investigator</role>
    <affiliation>New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine</affiliation>
  </overall_official>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Family Care Center - New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine</name>
      <address>
        <city>Central Islip</city>
        <state>New York</state>
        <zip>11722</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location>
    <facility>
      <name>Academic Health Care Center at Old Westbury</name>
      <address>
        <city>Old Westbury</city>
        <state>New York</state>
        <zip>11568</zip>
        <country>United States</country>
      </address>
    </facility>
  </location>
  <location_countries>
    <country>United States</country>
  </location_countries>
  <reference>
    <citation>Warren Z, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Stone W, Bruzek JL, Nahmias AS, Foss-Feig JH, Jerome RN, Krishnaswami S, Sathe NA, Glasser AM, Surawicz T, McPheeters ML. Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2011 Apr. Report No.: 11-EHC029-EF. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56343/</citation>
    <PMID>21834171</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Lee MS, Kim JI, Ernst E. Massage therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;72(3):406-11. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09r05848whi. Epub 2010 Dec 28.</citation>
    <PMID>21208598</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Committee on Children With Disabilities. American Academy of Pediatrics: The pediatrician's role in the diagnosis and management of autistic spectrum disorder in children. Pediatrics. 2001 May;107(5):1221-6. doi: 10.1542/peds.107.5.1221.</citation>
    <PMID>11331713</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Huffman LC, Sutcliffe TL, Tanner IS, Feldman HM. Management of symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders: a comprehensive review of pharmacologic and complementary-alternative medicine treatments. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2011 Jan;32(1):56-68. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182040acf.</citation>
    <PMID>21160435</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Levy SE, Hyman SL. Complementary and alternative medicine treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2008 Oct;17(4):803-20, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2008.06.004.</citation>
    <PMID>18775371</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, Appel S, Wilkey S, Van Rompay M, Kessler RC. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA. 1998 Nov 11;280(18):1569-75. doi: 10.1001/jama.280.18.1569.</citation>
    <PMID>9820257</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Bertoglio K, Hendren RL. New developments in autism. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2009 Mar;32(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2008.10.004.</citation>
    <PMID>19248913</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Weber DO. Complementary and alternative medicine. Considering the alternatives. Physician Exec. 1998 Nov-Dec;24(6):6-14.</citation>
    <PMID>10351720</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Guiney PA, Chou R, Vianna A, Lovenheim J. Effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment on pediatric patients with asthma: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2005 Jan;105(1):7-12.</citation>
    <PMID>15710659</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Vick DA, McKay C, Zengerle CR. The safety of manipulative treatment: review of the literature from 1925 to 1993. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1996 Feb;96(2):113-5. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.1996.96.2.113.</citation>
    <PMID>8838907</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hundscheid HW, Pepels MJ, Engels LG, Loffeld RJ. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with osteopathy: results of a randomized controlled pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Sep;22(9):1394-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04741.x.</citation>
    <PMID>17716344</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Hayes NM, Bezilla TA. Incidence of iatrogenesis associated with osteopathic manipulative treatment of pediatric patients. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2006 Oct;106(10):605-8.</citation>
    <PMID>17122030</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Degenhardt BF, Kuchera ML. Update on osteopathic medical concepts and the lymphatic system. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1996 Feb;96(2):97-100. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.1996.96.2.97.</citation>
    <PMID>8838905</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jackson KM, Steele TF, Dugan EP, Kukulka G, Blue W, Roberts A. Effect of lymphatic and splenic pump techniques on the antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine: a pilot study. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1998 Mar;98(3):155-60.</citation>
    <PMID>9558831</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Saggio G, Docimo S, Pilc J, Norton J, Gilliar W. Impact of osteopathic manipulative treatment on secretory immunoglobulin a levels in a stressed population. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2011 Mar;111(3):143-7.</citation>
    <PMID>21464262</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Kidd PM. Autism, an extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part: 1: The knowledge base. Altern Med Rev. 2002 Aug;7(4):292-316.</citation>
    <PMID>12197782</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Vargas DL, Nascimbene C, Krishnan C, Zimmerman AW, Pardo CA. Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism. Ann Neurol. 2005 Jan;57(1):67-81. doi: 10.1002/ana.20315. Erratum In: Ann Neurol. 2005 Feb;57(2):304.</citation>
    <PMID>15546155</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Frymann VM, Carney RE, Springall P. Effect of osteopathic medical management on neurologic development in children. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1992 Jun;92(6):729-44.</citation>
    <PMID>1377192</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Silva LM, Schalock M, Ayres R. A model and treatment for autism at the convergence of Chinese medicine and Western science: first 130 cases. Chin J Integr Med. 2011 Jun;17(6):421-9. doi: 10.1007/s11655-011-0635-0. Epub 2011 Jun 10.</citation>
    <PMID>21660676</PMID>
  </reference>
  <reference>
    <citation>Jerome J, Foresman B, D'Alonzo G. Biobehavioral Research in A. Chila (ed): Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine 2011Lipincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, Phila. 1064-1074</citation>
  </reference>
  <verification_date>September 2014</verification_date>
  <study_first_submitted>July 16, 2012</study_first_submitted>
  <study_first_submitted_qc>August 28, 2012</study_first_submitted_qc>
  <study_first_posted type="Estimate">August 30, 2012</study_first_posted>
  <last_update_submitted>January 19, 2016</last_update_submitted>
  <last_update_submitted_qc>January 19, 2016</last_update_submitted_qc>
  <last_update_posted type="Estimate">January 21, 2016</last_update_posted>
  <responsible_party>
    <responsible_party_type>Sponsor</responsible_party_type>
  </responsible_party>
  <keyword>Autism Spectrum Disorders</keyword>
  <condition_browse>
    <!-- CAUTION:  The following MeSH terms are assigned with an imperfect algorithm            -->
    <mesh_term>Autistic Disorder</mesh_term>
    <mesh_term>Autism Spectrum Disorder</mesh_term>
  </condition_browse>
  <!-- Results have not yet been posted for this study                                          -->
</clinical_study>


download date: ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on September 20, 2023
link text: Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record.
url: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01676389
org study id: BHS-760
nct id: NCT01676389
lead sponsor: 
has dmc: No
The purpose of this study is to determine how osteopathic manual medicine (OMM) will affect
      core autism features including social and communication deficits. The investigators believe
      that OMM approaches can positively influence some features associated with Autism/Autism
      Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Autism is a complex neuro-developmental disorder of early childhood onset characterized by
      impairments in the core triad of social interaction, repetitive-stereotypes behaviors, and
      verbal/nonverbal communication. This major public health concern exerts an enormous toll on
      the quality of life of affected individuals, families, and society. Though there are
      medications available for use in managing autism associated behaviors, including aggression,
      self-injury and hyperactivity, there are no medical treatments of proven benefit in treating
      core autistic features such as social and communication deficits. Complementary and
      alternative medical treatments(CAM) are commonly used by individuals with a wide variety of
      medical diseases including autism despite little evidence-based support for their efficacy.
      Recent surveys reveal the prevalence of CAM use in children with autism to be between 30% and
      95%. Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM) is one of the most well studied CAM treatments,
      achieving widening acceptance with increasing evidence of safety and efficacy, as an adjunct
      in the treatment of a number of conditions. OMM appears to be a safe treatment modality in
      the pediatric population when administered by physicians with expertise in OMM. At a
      physiologic level, OMM has been proposed to elicit some of its therapeutic and biomechanical
      effects through an ability to mobilize body fluids, increase removal of metabolic waste, and
      boost immune function. OMM has been shown to have favorable effects on neuro-endocrine and
      immunologic function. As theories of autism pathogenesis often revolve around immune
      dysregulation including lowered IgA levels, and accumulation of metabolic and xenobiotic
      agents, there are theoretical mechanisms through which OMM can exert therapeutic effects. In
      practice, OMM has been shown to improve sensory and motor performance with neurological
      problems, including autism. Additionally, studies of manual medicine techniques similar in
      principle to OMM, including Qigong massage and Tuina, have yielded favorable outcomes on a
      number of core autistic features including social, language, sensory, cognition and self-care
      domains as measured by the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Functional Independence
      Measures for Children(WeeFIM). 30 subjects will be randomized to receive OMM or sham
      treatments. Standardized assessment tools for autism symptom severity (ABC and WeeFIM) will
      be administered pre- and post-study to compare treatment efficacy between arm. Saliva samples
      will be collected pre- and post-treatment sessions to evaluate biochemical response and to
      catalog genetic markers that could provide insight into subsets exhibiting differential
      response.
allocation: Randomized
intervention model: Parallel Assignment
primary purpose: Treatment
masking: Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
measure: Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC)
time frame: Enrollment, following treatment 4 (within 4-8 weeks post enrollment), and two weeks post completion of treatment 4 (within 6-10 weeks post enrollment)
description: This outcome measure is measuring the change from before and after each of the four treatments are administered. This is one of three primary outcomes being measured.
measure: Salivary IgA and Salivary Cortisol
time frame: Change in baseline following treatment session 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Day 7, 14, 21, 28)
description: This outcome measure is measuring the change from before and after each of the four treatments are administered. This is one of three primary outcomes being measured.
measure: WeeFIM measurement of child's functional abilities
time frame: Enrollment, following treatment 4 (within 4-8 weeks post enrollment), and two weeks post completion of treatment 4 (within 6-10 weeks post enrollment)
description: This outcome measure is measuring the change from before and after each of the four treatments are administered. This is one of three primary outcomes being measured.
arm group label: OMM Hands-On Treatment
arm group type: Experimental
description: The Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM) Hands-On Treatment group will be receiving an osteopathic structural exam along with 7 gentle, non-thrusting techniques during each treatment session that lasts 20-30 minutes. The Sham treatment group will be receiving only an osteopathic structural exam that will be slowed down in order to be a similar duration to the full treatment group session (approximately 20-30 minutes).
arm group label: Sham OMM
arm group type: Placebo Comparator
description: Sham Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM)
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Sham OMM
description: Sham Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM).
arm group label: Sham OMM
intervention type: Other
intervention name: Osteopathic Manual Medicine (Body Therapy)
description: OMM techniques include the following - paraspinal soft tissue myofascial release, rib raising, cervical spine soft tissue myofascial release, suboccipital inhibition, thoracic balanced ligamentous tension technique, thoracic lymphatic pump and pedal lymphatic pump.
arm group label: OMM Hands-On Treatment
criteria: 
gender: All
minimum age: 3 Years
maximum age: 11 Years
healthy volunteers: No
last name: David Tegay, D.O.
role: Principal Investigator
affiliation: New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine
facility: 
facility: 
country: United States
citation: Warren Z, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Stone W, Bruzek JL, Nahmias AS, Foss-Feig JH, Jerome RN, Krishnaswami S, Sathe NA, Glasser AM, Surawicz T, McPheeters ML. Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2011 Apr. Report No.: 11-EHC029-EF. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56343/
PMID: 21834171
citation: Lee MS, Kim JI, Ernst E. Massage therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Mar;72(3):406-11. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09r05848whi. Epub 2010 Dec 28.
PMID: 21208598
citation: Committee on Children With Disabilities. American Academy of Pediatrics: The pediatrician's role in the diagnosis and management of autistic spectrum disorder in children. Pediatrics. 2001 May;107(5):1221-6. doi: 10.1542/peds.107.5.1221.
PMID: 11331713
citation: Huffman LC, Sutcliffe TL, Tanner IS, Feldman HM. Management of symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders: a comprehensive review of pharmacologic and complementary-alternative medicine treatments. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2011 Jan;32(1):56-68. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182040acf.
PMID: 21160435
citation: Levy SE, Hyman SL. Complementary and alternative medicine treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2008 Oct;17(4):803-20, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2008.06.004.
PMID: 18775371
citation: Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, Appel S, Wilkey S, Van Rompay M, Kessler RC. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA. 1998 Nov 11;280(18):1569-75. doi: 10.1001/jama.280.18.1569.
PMID: 9820257
citation: Bertoglio K, Hendren RL. New developments in autism. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2009 Mar;32(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2008.10.004.
PMID: 19248913
citation: Weber DO. Complementary and alternative medicine. Considering the alternatives. Physician Exec. 1998 Nov-Dec;24(6):6-14.
PMID: 10351720
citation: Guiney PA, Chou R, Vianna A, Lovenheim J. Effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment on pediatric patients with asthma: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2005 Jan;105(1):7-12.
PMID: 15710659
citation: Vick DA, McKay C, Zengerle CR. The safety of manipulative treatment: review of the literature from 1925 to 1993. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1996 Feb;96(2):113-5. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.1996.96.2.113.
PMID: 8838907
citation: Hundscheid HW, Pepels MJ, Engels LG, Loffeld RJ. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with osteopathy: results of a randomized controlled pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Sep;22(9):1394-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04741.x.
PMID: 17716344
citation: Hayes NM, Bezilla TA. Incidence of iatrogenesis associated with osteopathic manipulative treatment of pediatric patients. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2006 Oct;106(10):605-8.
PMID: 17122030
citation: Degenhardt BF, Kuchera ML. Update on osteopathic medical concepts and the lymphatic system. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1996 Feb;96(2):97-100. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.1996.96.2.97.
PMID: 8838905
citation: Jackson KM, Steele TF, Dugan EP, Kukulka G, Blue W, Roberts A. Effect of lymphatic and splenic pump techniques on the antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine: a pilot study. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1998 Mar;98(3):155-60.
PMID: 9558831
citation: Saggio G, Docimo S, Pilc J, Norton J, Gilliar W. Impact of osteopathic manipulative treatment on secretory immunoglobulin a levels in a stressed population. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2011 Mar;111(3):143-7.
PMID: 21464262
citation: Kidd PM. Autism, an extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part: 1: The knowledge base. Altern Med Rev. 2002 Aug;7(4):292-316.
PMID: 12197782
citation: Vargas DL, Nascimbene C, Krishnan C, Zimmerman AW, Pardo CA. Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism. Ann Neurol. 2005 Jan;57(1):67-81. doi: 10.1002/ana.20315. Erratum In: Ann Neurol. 2005 Feb;57(2):304.
PMID: 15546155
citation: Frymann VM, Carney RE, Springall P. Effect of osteopathic medical management on neurologic development in children. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1992 Jun;92(6):729-44.
PMID: 1377192
citation: Silva LM, Schalock M, Ayres R. A model and treatment for autism at the convergence of Chinese medicine and Western science: first 130 cases. Chin J Integr Med. 2011 Jun;17(6):421-9. doi: 10.1007/s11655-011-0635-0. Epub 2011 Jun 10.
PMID: 21660676
citation: Jerome J, Foresman B, D'Alonzo G. Biobehavioral Research in A. Chila (ed): Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine 2011Lipincott Williams & Wilkins, Phila. 1064-1074
responsible party type: Sponsor
mesh term: Autistic Disorder
mesh term: Autism Spectrum Disorder