In which all substituents does Inductive effect overpower Mesomeric effect?

In most substituents, the mesomeric effect is considered stronger and more dominating than the inductive effect.  

A notable exception are the halogens. 


The reason behind this has been well-explained [here](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/a/24572/13409). 


I further had questions about the following: 


* Since its about the EN, would all other electronegative elements with lone pair show this anomaly?
* Are there other substituents with this exceptional behavior?


