Geometrical Isomerization

Can you explain to me:


* What are Cis-Trans, E-Z and Syn-Anti Isomerization?
* What is the difference between them?
* How many functional groups is cis-trans isomerism applicable to?


I know mostly about cis trans and E-Z but have no idea about syn- anti isomers. Correct me if needed: I think cis and trans isomers respectively occur when identical atoms or groups are on the same or opposite side of the double bond respectively. E and Z isomers are for trans and cis in complex cases where more functional groups are involved.


Also, I couldn't follow the Wikipedia Link. 




*cis* and *trans* are older notations that express roughly same concept of *E* and *Z*.


Explicitly, E and Z have absolute meaning and are assigned based on precedent, where the Z is assigned to the case where the highest priority substituents are on the same side of the alkene/double bond and *E* being opposite. These notations explicitly refer to a pair wise relationship. It is not normally said '... the group *E* to the ...'


*cis* and *trans* refer to substituents of context, with *cis* being substituents on the same side of the alkene/double bond, and *trans* being opposite. Frequently these refer to the most important nomenclaturally, but not always. Additionally *cis* and *trans* are used in discussions such as '...the group *trans* to the ...' describing a relation of one object relative to the other. *cis* and *trans* are no longer considered IUPAC-correct nomenclature, but still have some usage for descriptive discussion.


 0