Amonium perchlorate [closed]








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I want to make **amonium perchlorate**, having amonium chlorate. If I have a solution of **sodium chlorate** and I add amonium chlorate, will precipitate into amonium perchlorate? Or it is with a solution of **sodium perchlorate**?




**Note**: Ammonium chlorate is a **unstable oxidizers and decomposes violently**. Handle with care. Ammonium perchlorate is also known for its **toxicity**. You should have enough laboaratory experience for handling such chemicals.




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If you think that


$$\ce{chlorate + chlorate -> perchlorate}$$


then you are wrong. There is no common ion effect occuring. You will need a perchlorate salt and an ammonium salt that have a displacement reaction and precipitate ammonium perchlorate. This reaction will suffice


$$\ce{MClO4 + NH4Cl -> NH4ClO4 + MCl ~~~~~~~~~~~ M = Na,K}$$


Or even electrolysis of a perchlorate salt. According to [this patent](https://patents.google.com/patent/US3288560):



> 
> 1. Ammonium perchlorate is generally produced by a series of steps which include the electrolysis of an aqueous sodium chloride solution
>  to sodium chlorate, which is in turn electrolytically converted to
>  sodium perchlorate. The sodium perchlorate is then reacted with
>  ammonium and chloride ions to produce ammonium perchlorate and the
>  by-product, sodium chloride.
> 2. reacting the sodium perchlorate with ammonium chloride
> 3. sodium perchlorate might be reacted with ammonia gas in the presence of carbon dioxide, to produce ammonium perchlorate. This
>  alternative procedure has been generally unsuccessful because of the
>  difiiculty of separating the resulting sodium bicarbonate from the
>  product, ammonium perchlorate.
> 
> 
> 


Process 2 is described in [another patent](https://patents.google.com/patent/US3502430). Read more to know the purification and the precautions needed.



> 
> ... the reaction is carried out by mixing aqueous solutions of the
>  reactants. The concentrations of the solutions are such that the
>  resultant ammonium perchlorate precipitates out of the aqueous medium.
>  The ammonium perchlorate crystals recovered therefrom contain 5% to by
>  weight of the mother liquor. The product is usually contaminated with
>  the Water soluble alkali salt, the byproduct of the reaction, in the
>  mother liquor.
> 
> 
> 




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Note: direct electrolysis of ammonium chlorate would not yield ammonium perchlorate as there would be chlorate contamination. In fact, there should be no chlorate as reactants. ([Here](http://www.chlorates.exrockets.com/nh4clo4.html))


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