Effervescence with NaHCO3

How To find which organic compound gives effervescence when reacts with $\ce{NaHCO3}$? Specially in case of phenols, which one reacts and which does not? According to my professor, all acids stronger than $\ce{H2CO3}$ evolve $\ce{CO2}$ when treated with $\ce{NaHCO3}$. But I do not understand how to find which acid is stronger than $\ce{H2CO3}$, further how to find same for $\ce{Na}$ and $\ce{NaOH}$ especially when the pKa values are not given in question.


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